6359:"Three Bronze Age individuals from Rathlin Island (2026â1534 cal BC), including one high coverage (10.5Ă) genome, showed substantial Steppe genetic heritage indicating that the European population upheavals of the third millennium manifested all of the way from southern Siberia to the western ocean. This turnover invites the possibility of accompanying introduction of Indo-European, perhaps early Celtic, language. Irish Bronze Age haplotypic similarity is strongest within modern Irish, Scottish, and Welsh populations, and several important genetic variants that today show maximal or very high frequencies in Ireland appear at this horizon. These include those coding for lactase persistence, blue eye color, Y chromosome R1b haplotypes, and the hemochromatosis C282Y allele; to our knowledge, the first detection of a known Mendelian disease variant in prehistory. These findings together suggest the establishment of central attributes of the Irish genome 4,000 y ago."
4612:
3278:
4927:
3816:
5617:
5815:
5422:
5950:. Due to the geopolitical rivalry between Protestant Britain and Catholic France and Spain, the Catholic religion and its mostly Gaelic followers in Ireland were persecuted for a long time. In the Scottish Highlands too, the Gaels were generally slow to accept the Scottish Reformation. Efforts at persuading Highlanders in general of the value of this primarily Lowland movement were hampered by the complicated politics of the Highlands, with religious rivalries and clan antagonism becoming entwined (a prominent example was the intense rivalry, even hatred, between the generally
12181:
2923:
3066:
4324:
681:
5413:
4919:
19429:
5300:
4510:
16264:
15453:
14666:
13763:
9981:
10426:
2713:
3975:
4823:
92:
4115:
5399:). Ogham stones are found throughout Ireland and neighbouring parts of Britain. This form of written Primitive Irish is thought to have been in use as early as 1000 BC. The script frequently encodes a name or description of the owner and surrounding region, and it is possible that the inscribed stones may have represented territorial claims.
6019:; 517,907 in Northern Ireland; and 53,000 in Scotland. According to the census, 83% (or 4,399,000) of the population in Scotland identified as "Scottish" and this did not distinguish between Gaelic Highlander and Anglo Lowlander ethnicities. In the rest of the United Kingdom, the Scots were included under
3960:
diaspora. However, the use of the term "diaspora" in relation to the Gaelic languages (i.e., in a narrowly linguistic rather than a more broadly cultural context) is arguably not appropriate, as it may suggest that Gaelic speakers and people interested in Gaelic necessarily have Gaelic ancestry, or
5012:
also became king of
England and Ireland. James saw the Gaels as a barbarous and rebellious people in need of civilising, and believed that Gaelic culture should be wiped out. Also, while most of Britain had converted to Protestantism, most Gaels had held on to Catholicism. When the leaders of the
7133:
Balaresque, Patricia; Bowden, Georgina R.; Adams, Susan M.; Leung, Ho-Yee; King, Turi E.; Rosser, Zoë H.; Goodwin, Jane; Moisan, Jean-Paul; Richard, Christelle; Millward, Ann; Demaine, Andrew G.; Barbujani, Guido; PreviderÚ, Carlo; Wilson, Ian J.; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Jobling, Mark A. (26 January
4900:. Despite his own Norman ancestry, Edward urged the Irish to ally with the Scots by invoking a shared Gaelic ancestry and culture, and most of the northern kings acknowledged him as High King of Ireland. However, the campaign ended three years later with Edward's defeat and death in the
5861:
who had been a slave in
Ireland. He tried to explain its doctrines by using elements of native folk tradition, so Gaelic culture itself was not completely cast aside and to some extent local Christianity was Gaelicised. The last High King inaugurated in the pagan style was
2943:
of an invasion from
Ireland. Other historians believe that the Gaels colonized parts of Western Scotland over several decades and some archaeological evidence may point to a pre-existing maritime province united by the sea and isolated from the rest of Scotland by the
5452:
in the
Highlands (for most of its history) are also notable examples. As the old Gaelic aristocracy was displaced or assimilated, the language lost its prestige and became primarily a peasant language, rather than one of education and government. The spread of the
5021:. It was meant to establish a loyal British Protestant colony in Ireland's most rebellious region and to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with Gaelic Scotland. In Scotland, James attempted to subdue the Gaelic clans and suppress their culture through laws such as the
6489:
5962:
in the 19th century during the breakdown of the clan system. In a few remote areas, however, Catholicism was kept alive and even rejuvenated to some extent by Irish
Franciscan missionaries, but in most of the Highlands it was replaced by Presbyterianism.
3443:) and Scotland (58,552 fluent "Gaelic speakers" and 92,400 with "some Gaelic language ability" in the 2001 census). Communities where the languages still are spoken natively are restricted largely to the west coast of each country and especially the
3377:, may have occurred around this time. Several genetic traits found at maximum or very high frequencies in the modern populations of Gaelic ancestry were also observed in the Bronze Age period. These traits include a hereditary disease known as
5502:, imagined an Ireland "Not merely Free but Gaelic as well â Not merely Gaelic but Free as well." Scottish Gaelic did not undergo as extensive of a politicisation at this juncture, as nationalists there tended to focus on the Lowland mythos of
4857:. The Norman kings of England claimed sovereignty over this territory, leading to centuries of conflict between the Normans and the native Irish. At this time, a literary anti-Gaelic sentiment was born and developed by the likes of
12706:
3342:(i.e. â O'Brien, McMahon, Kennedy, etc.) who are associated with R-L226. With regard to Gaelic genetic genealogy studies, these developments in subclades have aided people in finding their original clan group in the case of a
5756:, as well as many others. Some of them were associated with specific social functions, seasonal events and personal archetypal qualities. Some physical locations of importance in Ireland related to these stories include the
3259:(Clans of Ireland) was founded in 1989 to gather together clan associations; individual clan associations operate throughout the world and produce journals for their septs. The Highland clans held out until the 18th century
5137:
of Manx died in the 1970s, though use of the Manx language never fully ceased. There is now a resurgent language movement and Manx is once again taught in all schools as a second language and in some as a first language.
2981:; it is thus conjectured that the term means "raider, pirate". Although the DĂĄl Riata settled in Argyll in the 6th century, the term "Scots" did not just apply to them, but to Gaels in general. Examples can be taken from
5788:(Land of the Young). This realm was variously held to be located on a set of islands or underground. The Gaels believed that certain heroic persons could gain access to this spiritual realm, as recounted in the various
8975:
5494:", idealised as the core of true Irish-Ireland, rather than the Anglo-dominated Dublin. Although the Gaelic League itself aimed to be apolitical, this ideal was attractive to militant republicans such as the
3109:, a 'band of roving men whose principal occupations were hunting and war, also a troop of professional fighting-men under a leader; in wider sense a company, number of persons; a warrior (late and rare)').
3265:
2926:
Place names in
Scotland that contain the element BAL- from the Scottish Gaelic 'baile' meaning home, farmstead, town or city. This data gives some indication of the extent of medieval Gaelic settlement in
514:
with
English and Scots-speaking Protestant settlers. In the following centuries Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's
3901:(Australia and New Zealand). There has also been a mass "internal migration" within Ireland and Britain from the 19th century, with Irish and Scots migrating to the English-speaking industrial cities of
4446:
was the main political unit, but during the following centuries the overkings and provincial kings became ever more powerful. By the 6th century, the division of
Ireland into two spheres of influence (
3203:, for instance. Some arrivals in the High Middle Ages (i.e. â MacNeill, Buchanan, Munro, etc.) claimed to be of the UĂ NĂ©ill. As part of their self-justification; taking over power from the
3483:. According to the U.S. Census in 2000, there are more than 25,000 Irish-speakers in the United States, with the majority found in urban areas with large Irish-American communities such as
6978:
7506:
5942:
to bolster their power and enticed native elites into the project, without making much initial effort to convert the Irish Gaelic masses; meanwhile, the mass of
Gaeldom (as well as the "
3365:
in
Ireland to be most genetically similar to the modern indigenous populations of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and to a lesser degree that of England. The majority of the genomes of the
7261:
3439:
The two comparatively "major" Gaelic nations in the modern era are Ireland (which had 71,968 "daily" Irish speakers and 1,873,997 people claiming "some ability of Irish", as of the
7731:
12605:
7573:
12701:
11632:
5436:
The Gaelic languages have been in steep decline since the beginning of the 19th century, when they were majority languages of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands; today they are
6499:
7484:
5176:). When the chieftain or king died, his tanist would automatically succeed him. The tanist had to share the same great-grandfather as his predecessor (i.e. was of the same
19396:
10386:
7294:
6716:
8069:
3095:
Both in technical use signify a dynastic grouping descended from a common ancestor, much larger than a personal family, which may also consist of various kindreds and
7538:
96:
Areas which were linguistically and culturally Gaelic c. 1000 (light green) and c. 1700 (medium green); areas that are Gaelic-speaking in the present day (dark green)
14493:
18247:
19344:
18267:
5449:
5017:
in 1607, their lands were confiscated. James set about colonising this land with English-speaking Protestant settlers from Britain, in what became known as the
18364:
4915:(1366), which forbade English settlers from adopting Gaelic culture, but the results were mixed and particularly in the West, some Normans became Gaelicised.
5897:, particularly the warlike Normans. As part of this, the Catholic Church actively participated in the Norman conquest of Gaelic Ireland, with the issuing of
7366:
7338:
6093:
14626:
8019:
19349:
5479:
7402:
4911:
and, outside this, many Norman lords adopted Gaelic culture, becoming culturally Gaelicised. The English government tried to prevent this through the
18360:
8237:
5488:. At this time, Irish Gaelic was widely spoken along the Western seaboard (and a few other enclaves) and the Gaelic League began defining it as the "
4965:
who sought to anglicise the population and bring both Ireland and the Highlands under stronger centralised control, as part of what would become the
3961:
that people with such ancestry naturally have an interest or fluency in their ancestral language. Research shows that this assumption is inaccurate.
3727:
2977:
to describe the Gaels in Latin from the 4th century onward. At the time, the Gaels were raiding the west coast of Britain, and they took part in the
7229:
604:
were preserved and recorded by medieval Irish monasteries. Gaelic monasteries were renowned centres of learning and played a key role in developing
5548:
8193:
4873:, which became mainly English-speaking; and the royally-sponsored immigration of Norman aristocrats. This Normanisation was mainly limited to the
19206:
17732:
16810:
15343:
14526:
13633:
13166:
9377:
9024:
3684:
3324:
have allowed geneticists to associate subclades with specific Gaelic kindred groupings (and their surnames), vindicating significant elements of
7513:
3412:
In countries where Gaels live, census records documenting population statistics exist. The following chart shows the number of speakers of the
2466:
7268:
5084:
attempting to restore the prestige of Gaelic culture and the socio-communal hegemony of the Gaelic languages. Many of the participants in the
4877:. In Ireland, the Normans carved out their own semi-independent lordships, but many Gaelic Irish kingdoms remained outside Norman control and
4758:. At the same time, the UĂ NĂ©ill branches were involved in an internal power struggle for hegemony between the northern or southern branches.
3263:. During the Victorian-era, symbolic tartans, crests and badges were retroactively applied to clans. Clan associations built up over time and
18426:
5001:(1594â1603). The war ended in defeat for the Irish Gaelic alliance and brought an end to the independence of the last Irish Gaelic kingdoms.
8784:
Mere Irish and Fior-Ghael: Studies in the Idea of Irish Nationality, Its Development and Literary Expression Prior to the Nineteenth Century
7574:""They Accuse Us of Being Descended from Slaves": Settlement History, Cultural Syncretism and the Foundation of Medieval Icelandic Identity"
2430:
19378:
5116:
4255:, mostly through trade. Roman jewellery and coins have been found at several Irish royal sites, for example. Gaels, known to the Romans as
19503:
18545:
17969:
17881:
12635:
7434:
6818:
6015:; this did not distinguish between those of Gaelic-Irish descent and those of Anglo-Irish descent. The results for this were: 531,087 in
5849:
and was a decentralised tribal society, making patron-based mass conversion problematic. It gradually penetrated through the remnants of
5151:
4084:. The two groups agree to divide Ireland between them: the Gaels take the world above, while the Tuath DĂ© take the world below (i.e. the
3826:
As the Western Roman Empire began to collapse, the Irish (along with the Anglo-Saxons) were one of the peoples able to take advantage in
1628:
285:
8211:
4076:, a goddess of the land, promises the Gaels that Ireland shall be theirs so long as they pay tribute to her. They agree, and their bard
3874:
and their slave markets, Irish were also dispersed in this way across the realms under Viking control; as a legacy, in genetic studies,
19523:
19513:
19392:
7577:
4025:, described as an Egyptian princess. The Gaels are depicted as wandering from place to place for hundreds of years; they spend time in
3191:). In the Highlands, the various Gaelic-originated clans tended to claim descent from one of the Irish groups, particularly those from
7455:
6539:
6302:
18313:
18191:
17399:
12117:
10084:
10055:
7111:
5923:, ethnic tensions between Norman and Gael continued throughout the later Middle Ages, as well as competition for ecclesiastic posts.
5772:
were held to intervene in worldly affairs sometimes, particularly battles and issues of sovereignty, the gods were held to reside in
3024:, who let the Normans come to power and furthered the Lowland-Highland divide. Germanic-speakers in Scotland spoke a language called
5036:
Since then, the Gaelic language has gradually diminished in most of Ireland and Scotland. The 19th century was the turning point as
19211:
17847:
8252:
7846:
5156:
Gaelic society was traditionally made up of kin groups known as clans, each with its own territory and headed by a male chieftain.
3885:
Since the fall of Gaelic polities, the Gaels have made their way across parts of the world, successively under the auspices of the
3432:. It should be taken into account that not all are of Gaelic descent, especially in the case of Scotland, due to the nature of the
2888:(Irish), only gained its modern political significance as a primary denominator from the 17th century onwards, as in the works of
19383:
18407:
18196:
12137:
12127:
5967:
2479:
Throughout the centuries, Gaels and Gaelic-speakers have been known by a number of names. The most consistent of these have been
13799:
19458:
18557:
18441:
18101:
12157:
12142:
12132:
9427:
7905:
6661:
3897:. Their main destinations were Iberia, France, the West Indies, North America (what is today the United States and Canada) and
2689:
13530:
8312:
Symonds, James (1999). "Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday Life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760â1860".
7386:
6657:
4611:
19493:
19359:
18390:
15489:
12147:
10531:
8888:
8286:
7973:
6726:
6559:
5675:. While the general worldview of the Gaelic tradition has been recovered, a major issue for academic scholars is that Gaelic
4208:
who would dominate the Irish Middle Ages. They gained control of what would now be named Connacht. Their close relatives the
3217:
For the Irish Gaels, their culture did not survive the conquests and colonisations by the English between 1534 and 1692 (see
2437:
2409:
12820:
12625:
7787:
19261:
18644:
18530:
16720:
9931:
8056:"Words Between Worlds: The Irish Language, the English Army, and the Violence of Translation in Brian Friel's Translations"
8037:
7542:
5563:
to support it. The last native Manx Gaelic speaker died in 1974, although there are ongoing attempts at revival. While the
4989:. Those who surrendered were also expected to follow English law and customs, speak English, and convert to the Protestant
1288:
7056:
19468:
19463:
18599:
18512:
18469:
12762:
12214:
12152:
9084:
5582:
5568:
4952:
2939:, which included parts of western Scotland and northern Ireland. It has various explanations of its origins, including a
2394:
14702:
6401:
4707:. However, Pictland remained a separate realm from DĂĄl Riata, until the latter gained full hegemony during the reign of
3436:. It also depends on the self-reported response of the individual and so is a rough guide rather than an exact science.
3301:
origin. The two other peoples who recorded higher than 85% for R1b in a 2009 study published in the scientific journal,
19528:
19498:
19364:
19128:
19031:
18525:
18436:
18211:
18014:
17974:
17962:
17957:
17945:
17873:
12566:
9276:
9257:
9238:
9219:
9162:
9122:
9094:
9073:
9013:
8964:
8945:
8926:
8907:
8867:
8848:
8829:
8810:
8791:
8772:
8728:
8709:
8690:
8671:
8643:
8622:
8603:
8584:
8565:
8546:
8527:
8489:
8470:
8451:
8430:
8411:
8390:
8371:
8262:
7083:
5541:
itself, the language has continued to be in crisis under the pressure of globalism, but there are institutions such as
4948:
4889:
3218:
2459:
2416:
1347:
506:
sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; first in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the
17557:
16244:
7203:
2557:, defined as a "member of the Gaelic race", is first attested in print in 1810. In English, the more antiquarian term
19508:
19483:
19478:
18221:
17940:
11615:
11428:
9299:
9200:
9181:
9143:
9054:
8994:
8508:
8296:
7741:
7617:
6854:
6012:
5363:
7,000â6,000 BC to around the first few centuries BC. Little can be said with certainty, as the language now known as
4251:
conquered most of Britain in the 1st century, but did not conquer Ireland or the far north of Britain. The Gaels had
3400:, with 10% of Irish and at least 13% of Scots having red hair, much larger numbers being carriers of variants of the
3020:
began to be used and the realm was known as Scotland; this process and cultural shift was put into full effect under
680:
320:
6352:
5328:
family. There are two main historical theories concerning the origin and development of the Gaelic languages from a
4420:
was divided into a hierarchy of territories ruled by a hierarchy of kings or chiefs. The smallest territory was the
19488:
19473:
19387:
18411:
18043:
17986:
17926:
16300:
5722:, the superhuman beings said to have ruled Ireland before the coming of the Milesians, known in later times as the
4109:
2423:
1187:
483:
5597:, although these have been criticised for excessive use of English and pandering to an English-speaking audience.
19024:
18651:
18097:
16895:
14366:
13537:
10607:
10017:
9349:
7030:
5912:
3378:
3230:
698:
7363:
7185:
5679:
prior to the coming of Christianity and monks were the first to record the beliefs of this rival worldview as a
4865:
gloss) to justify taking Gaelic lands. Scotland also came under Anglo-Norman influence in the 12th century. The
3277:
437:
19533:
18656:
18552:
18226:
18206:
18161:
17859:
15388:
15240:
12250:
8023:
7717:"The Adoption of Christianity by the Irish and Anglo-Saxons: The Creation of Two Different Christian Societies"
4171:. Each was associated with a Gaelic tribe. The most important was Tara, where the High King (also known as the
3321:
2525:(meaning "Westmen", due to inhabiting the Western fringes of Europe). Informally, archetypal forenames such as
2279:
2054:
1458:
15990:
12494:
9305:
7456:"Selected Social Characteristics in the United States (DP02): 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
4849:, who sought their help in regaining his throne. By 1171 the Normans had gained control of Leinster, and King
4779:
4616:
3447:
islands in Scotland. However, a large proportion of the Gaelic-speaking population now lives in the cities of
18634:
18343:
18257:
16234:
13663:
12615:
12369:
11598:
9806:
5559:
5526:
5255:
5030:
2697:
2617:
2452:
2024:
1293:
1230:
1031:
917:
16782:
16007:
15383:
7716:
5938:
made its way into Gaelic life, with societal effects carrying on down to this day. The Tudor state used the
4670:
in 795; these hit and run attacks continued for some time until the Norsemen began to settle in the 840s at
3008:(founded as a successor kingdom to DĂĄl Riata and Pictland). Germanic groups tended to refer to the Gaels as
19291:
18609:
18535:
18385:
18318:
18242:
18116:
18073:
17840:
16705:
14351:
11871:
9402:
9035:
5495:
5341:
5259:
4998:
4270:
2952:, however, this is disputed. The genetical exchange includes passage of the M222 genotype within Scotland.
1712:
1215:
1026:
1021:
1016:
911:
422:
17509:
9212:
Kings, Chronologies, and Genealogies: Studies in the Political History of Early Medieval Ireland and Wales
8423:'And so began the Irish Nation': Nationality, National Consciousness and Nationalism in Pre-modern Ireland
7618:
The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze-Age riders from the Eurasian steppes shaped the modern world
7409:
4907:
A Gaelic Irish resurgence began in the mid-14th century: English royal control shrank to an area known as
4811:. There was also more trade and communication with Normanised Britain and France. Between themselves, the
18629:
18002:
16249:
14606:
13441:
12711:
11071:
10331:
7236:
7107:
6803:
6783:
6602:
6474:
6454:
6449:
5517:
5380:
4565:
during an age of cultural collapse, the Gaelic scholars were able to gain a presence at the court of the
4318:
3815:
2837:
2029:
1524:
1225:
1104:
1090:
1071:
414:
17664:
15965:
15940:
15833:
14586:
13792:
6597:
5457:
has resulted in a vast majority of people of Gaelic ancestry being unable to speak a Goidelic language.
2955:
From the 5th to 10th centuries, early Scotland was home not only to the Gaels of DĂĄl Riata but also the
19334:
18973:
18639:
18333:
17805:
16855:
15828:
15438:
14651:
14601:
14346:
13972:
13888:
13738:
13486:
12556:
11642:
11517:
11122:
11091:
10471:
9705:
9542:
9538:
6798:
6469:
6420:
6032:
A minority of historical revisionists have come to challenge the traditional account of the origins of
5990:
Origin and migration theories about the Gaelic peoples vary, as do those about the Gaels as victims of
5396:
5359:
Estimates of the emergence of proto-Gaelic in Ireland vary widely from the introduction of agriculture
5263:
5182:) and he was elected by freemen who also shared the same great-grandfather. Gaelic law is known as the
4838:
4447:
4384:
1367:
1325:
925:
649:
17285:
16014:
15950:
15272:
15155:
13376:
12600:
9877:
7315:
6165:
5521:
as a national standard for the Irish language (using elements from local dialects but leaning towards
4796:
4213:
3937:
and others. Many underwent a linguistic "Anglicisation" and eventually merged with Anglo populations.
19041:
18897:
18617:
18431:
18353:
18338:
18323:
18171:
18106:
18068:
18058:
18048:
17908:
17494:
16840:
16112:
15945:
15482:
14427:
14386:
14356:
13916:
13668:
12590:
11603:
11438:
11066:
9847:
9321:
8463:
White People, Indians, and Highlanders: Tribal People and Colonial Encounters in Scotland and America
6494:
6252:
5543:
5345:
5126:
5106:
where native speakers lived continued to retract. In the 1960s and 70s, pressure from groups such as
4978:
4885:
3234:
3222:
2069:
2034:
1707:
1011:
449:
19059:
11403:
5593:
5111:
4804:
3822:, painting from 1844. This depicts a Highland Scots family in Gaelic dress migrating to New Zealand.
42:
19286:
18416:
18030:
17264:
16777:
16514:
16239:
16142:
16132:
15775:
15413:
15079:
14646:
14596:
14084:
14076:
13595:
12630:
12407:
11943:
11377:
11353:
10679:
9607:
5927:
5333:
5219:
5100:
of Ireland was high and promoted through public education. Results were very mixed however and the
4977:
and himself King of Ireland. The new English, whose power lay in the Pale of Dublin, then began to
4926:
4783:
4573:
4534:
3863:
3404:, and which is possibly related to an adaptation to the cloudy conditions of the regional climate.
2982:
2874:. Thus the name "Hibernian" also comes from this root, although the Romans tended to call the isle
2329:
2219:
2039:
1570:
1402:
1353:
1249:
1051:
1006:
1001:
921:
629:
609:
349:
341:
17:
17543:
15293:
15220:
14406:
14391:
13898:
13501:
13133:
12815:
12656:
12610:
9912:
9872:
7965:
6676:
5701:
5484:
5080:
4731:
3129:
19354:
19303:
19019:
18771:
18520:
18380:
18186:
18131:
18121:
18088:
17921:
17833:
17775:
16715:
16670:
16524:
16213:
16097:
15433:
15245:
15087:
14959:
14844:
14381:
14115:
13924:
13301:
12755:
12207:
11654:
11302:
10848:
10562:
10381:
10271:
9504:
9437:
9422:
7459:
6276:
5886:
5858:
5689:
5611:
5525:), with a simplified spelling. Until 1973, school children had to pass Modern Irish to achieve a
5475:
5325:
4406:
4368:
4252:
4105:
4001:
3401:
2775:
2224:
1951:
1061:
1056:
1046:
690:
418:
17780:
15930:
14695:
14401:
12810:
12805:
5814:
525:. The modern descendants of the Gaels have spread throughout the rest of the British Isles, the
19518:
19374:
19251:
18877:
18397:
18252:
18141:
18092:
17504:
16861:
16102:
15985:
15250:
15230:
13496:
13421:
13117:
12977:
12691:
12546:
12535:
12469:
12122:
12041:
12004:
11076:
10361:
10356:
9828:
9700:
9534:
9447:
9387:
9317:
6948:
6580:
6064:; an archaeologist, he argues that there is no evidence of mass population movement across the
5640:
4994:
4986:
4827:
4225:
4197:
4196:, some modern historians associate him with an "Irish prince" said to have been entertained by
4152:
3890:
3754:
3440:
3226:
2701:
2214:
2186:
1970:
1872:
1638:
1484:
1108:
946:
838:
777:
732:
672:
664:
553:
511:
469:
17629:
17439:
17414:
17379:
16690:
15215:
15052:
14669:
14396:
13959:
13785:
12454:
7953:
7438:
6825:
6350:
Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome
5707:
5304:
4405:) as the oral culture of the Gaels was transmitted to script by the arrival of literacy. Thus
19036:
19007:
18540:
17714:
17409:
16710:
16476:
16127:
15980:
15398:
15175:
14135:
13851:
13838:
13833:
12880:
12640:
12319:
11888:
11703:
11448:
11348:
10719:
10557:
10536:
9857:
9577:
9515:
7204:"A Set of Distinctive Marker Values Defines a Y-STR Signature for Gaelic Dalcassian Families"
6057:
5943:
5863:
5573:
5498:, who formulated and led the Irish Revolution at the turn of the 20th century; a key leader,
5199:
5053:
4982:
4970:
4846:
4526:
3330:
3136:, Locha LĂ©in and Raithlind. These kindreds themselves contain septs that have passed down as
3013:
2361:
2190:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1075:
613:
367:
38:
17369:
15205:
13416:
12865:
12344:
9897:
9582:
7681:
6191:"The Irish language in Australia: sociocultural identity in diasporic minority language use"
5387:. Primitive Irish does appear in a specialised written form, using a unique script known as
4132:
speakers first arrived in Ireland. It is thought by some scholars to be associated with the
3140:, for example the EĂłganacht Chaisil includes O'Callaghan, MacCarthy, O'Sullivan and others.
19406:
19173:
18944:
18921:
18706:
18592:
18446:
18421:
18290:
18111:
18083:
17634:
17419:
16787:
16630:
16481:
16293:
16267:
16178:
16031:
15602:
15475:
15127:
14576:
14321:
13868:
13863:
13748:
13658:
13605:
13326:
12998:
12031:
11903:
11637:
11287:
10684:
10602:
10411:
10336:
9961:
9882:
9693:
9688:
9442:
9417:
9382:
8383:
Duanaire Na Sracaire: Songbook of the Pillagers, Anthology of Scottish Gaelic Verse to 1600
6551:
6004:
5974:
was a reassertion of Gaelic identity in opposition to forces of improvement and clearance.
5874:
5441:
5421:
5391:. The oldest examples of Ogham have survived in the form of memorial inscriptions or short
5349:
5169:
5018:
4912:
4720:
4687:
4550:
4503:
4101:
3369:
would therefore have emerged by 4,000 years ago. It was also suggested that the arrival of
2307:
2272:
1585:
1268:
1220:
1157:
1127:
1085:
1065:
929:
783:
473:
17624:
15910:
14591:
13825:
12595:
12281:
5616:
4376:
3255:
3125:
1453:
8:
19281:
19183:
19079:
18967:
18812:
18502:
18492:
18402:
18078:
17935:
17916:
17870:
17762:
17550:
17429:
16888:
16845:
16700:
16675:
16393:
16173:
16056:
15975:
15960:
15564:
14872:
14546:
14371:
14222:
14140:
14055:
13996:
13858:
13743:
13600:
13156:
13003:
12707:
Minister of State at the Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media
12180:
11918:
11787:
11717:
11698:
11677:
11610:
11433:
11307:
11127:
11112:
11107:
11061:
11036:
10709:
10597:
10582:
10396:
10215:
10010:
9720:
9602:
9525:
9457:
9412:
9342:
7316:
True colors: A literature review on the spatial distribution of eye and hair pigmentation
6048:
6042:
5916:
5867:
5809:
5578:
5437:
5337:
5165:
5157:
5088:
of 1912â1923 were inspired by these ideals and so when a sovereign state was formed (the
5045:
5014:
5005:
4866:
4854:
4850:
4719:. This meant an acceleration of Gaelicisation in the northern part of Great Britain. The
4698:
4356:
4097:
3714:
3389:
3343:
3133:
3021:
2808:
2670:
2647:
2506:
1580:
1575:
1471:
1395:
1360:
1283:
1273:
1132:
833:
828:
797:
645:
487:
441:
19108:
17536:
17434:
16685:
13523:
13466:
13431:
13426:
12716:
11317:
9572:
9174:
Patrick Sellar and the Highland Clearances: Homicide, Eviction and the Price of Progress
8113:
7850:
5719:
4767:
4743:
4273:. This era was also marked by a Gaelic presence in Britain; in what is today Wales, the
4201:
4185:
4077:
4069:
2784:
549:
19308:
19241:
19236:
19163:
19146:
19064:
18751:
18746:
18679:
18308:
18176:
18126:
18063:
18038:
18034:
17952:
17896:
17608:
17519:
17454:
16825:
16772:
16767:
16660:
16645:
16466:
16198:
16122:
16117:
16107:
16041:
15935:
15597:
15559:
15408:
15235:
14834:
14791:
14641:
14611:
14488:
14452:
14036:
13766:
13296:
13238:
13073:
13063:
13038:
13028:
12840:
12748:
12727:
12686:
12666:
12200:
12084:
11815:
11708:
11672:
11593:
11548:
11443:
11269:
11160:
11117:
11046:
10853:
10628:
10391:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10276:
10133:
10089:
9956:
9867:
9617:
8441:
8337:
8329:
7437:. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. 7 February 2014. Archived from
7162:
7135:
7092:
6698:
6627:
6623:
6233:
5971:
5757:
5652:
5621:
5466:
5444:
in 1366, the English government had dissuaded use of Gaelic for political reasons. The
5430:
Respondents who stated they could speak Irish and Scottish Gaelic in the 2011 censuses.
5074:
5057:
4974:
4901:
4791:
4787:
4724:
4703:
4629:
4380:
4336:
4236:
4133:
3945:
3480:
3413:
3250:
2945:
2911:
2898:
2829:
2685:
2593:
2286:
2237:
2171:
2155:
1780:
1433:
1172:
858:
763:
758:
641:
499:
491:
383:
269:
17424:
17364:
17066:
16695:
16592:
16385:
15925:
15184:
15180:
14688:
13939:
7813:
7108:"Genetic investigation of the patrilineal kinship structure of early Medieval Ireland"
4654:
The late 8th century heralded outside involvement in Gaelic affairs, as Norsemen from
3859:
19339:
19269:
18989:
18851:
18716:
18622:
18572:
18487:
18348:
18262:
17795:
17464:
16815:
16423:
16370:
16365:
16354:
16208:
16163:
16137:
15900:
15749:
15739:
15592:
15348:
15255:
15195:
14809:
14531:
14498:
14437:
14331:
14316:
14256:
13638:
13461:
13436:
13411:
13346:
13008:
12442:
12412:
11948:
11923:
11913:
11649:
11622:
11503:
11358:
11343:
11338:
11297:
11292:
11197:
11086:
11041:
11031:
11023:
10694:
10648:
10638:
10479:
10306:
10286:
10245:
9927:
9567:
9530:
9272:
9253:
9234:
9215:
9196:
9177:
9158:
9139:
9133:
9118:
9115:
Teaching World Languages for Social Justice: A Sourcebook of Principles and Practices
9090:
9069:
9050:
9009:
8990:
8960:
8941:
8922:
8903:
8884:
8863:
8844:
8825:
8806:
8787:
8768:
8751:
8724:
8705:
8686:
8667:
8639:
8618:
8599:
8580:
8561:
8542:
8523:
8504:
8485:
8466:
8447:
8426:
8407:
8386:
8367:
8341:
8292:
8258:
7969:
7737:
7674:
7167:
6850:
6702:
6555:
6325:
6237:
6225:
6124:
6016:
5939:
5894:
5773:
5636:
5567:
has retracted in the Highlands, Scottish Gaelic has enjoyed renewed support with the
5215:
4990:
4874:
4869:
saw the Normanisation of Scotland's monarchy, government and church; the founding of
4755:
4137:
4085:
4061:
3953:
3879:
3810:
3671:
3628:
3433:
3385:
3338:(i.e. â O'Neill, O'Donnell, Gallagher, etc.), who are associated with R-M222 and the
3294:
3282:
2922:
2574:
2511:
2300:
2266:
2258:
2202:
2196:
2178:
2149:
2128:
2114:
2106:
1876:
1737:
1677:
1659:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1557:
1552:
1381:
1244:
893:
886:
879:
865:
851:
811:
790:
727:
719:
585:
557:
545:
18845:
18582:
17644:
16930:
16544:
13506:
13128:
8633:
5499:
4794:. The last of these saw Brian's death in 1014. Brian's campaign is glorified in the
4770:
of the EĂłganachta hostage. The destabilisation led to the rise of the DĂĄl gCais and
4525:
Some, particularly champions of Christianity, hold the 6th to 9th centuries to be a
4014:
19198:
19178:
18999:
18954:
18328:
18009:
17991:
17878:
17571:
17479:
17474:
17259:
17212:
17122:
16835:
16762:
16640:
16534:
16451:
16433:
16183:
16071:
16066:
16061:
15920:
15880:
15870:
15848:
15795:
15696:
15655:
15642:
15617:
14776:
14457:
14246:
14238:
14207:
14125:
13723:
13718:
13610:
13569:
13481:
13476:
13471:
13321:
13098:
13018:
13013:
12928:
12895:
12460:
11977:
11938:
11893:
11880:
11800:
11779:
11682:
11627:
11312:
11132:
11051:
10863:
10643:
10577:
10467:
10346:
10341:
10311:
10281:
10235:
10197:
10063:
9907:
9852:
9647:
9407:
8878:
8321:
8055:
7961:
7381:
7157:
7147:
7115:
7087:
6688:
6547:
6543:
6317:
6217:
5931:
5890:
5842:
5830:
5765:
5687:" systematically setting out exact rules to follow, but various works, such as the
5454:
5445:
5353:
5321:
5317:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5227:
5089:
5085:
5037:
5022:
4957:
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Gaels were affected by the policies of the
4897:
4862:
4708:
4608:
are some of the more prominent Ireland-based monasteries founded during this time.
4495:
4346:
4314:
4282:
4278:
4065:
4018:
3839:
3831:
3700:
3560:
3374:
3358:
3325:
3260:
3246:
2978:
2889:
2795:, she is said to have made a deal with the Milesians to name the island after her.
2630:
2566:
2546:
2294:
2244:
2061:
1867:
1755:
1695:
1672:
1615:
1610:
1547:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1192:
805:
753:
745:
738:
507:
387:
300:
220:
177:
17319:
17254:
17171:
16625:
15513:
15170:
15135:
13351:
13341:
12988:
12696:
9472:
7512:. Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 7 February 2015. Archived from
6206:"What makes a Gael? Identity, language and ancestry in the Scottish GĂ idhealtachd"
5508:
4816:
4735:
4235:
The Gaels emerged into the clear historical record during the classical era, with
4216:) and the Ulaid would later lose out to them in Ulster, as the descendants of the
2832:
and others. The Ărainn, claiming descent from a Milesian eponymous ancestor named
2688:
who were born in Ireland, spoke Irish and sponsored Gaelic bardic poetry, such as
19298:
19226:
19221:
19051:
18929:
18856:
18497:
18181:
18156:
17785:
17737:
17384:
17158:
16971:
16953:
16620:
16286:
16081:
16076:
16046:
16036:
15970:
15843:
15790:
15706:
15691:
15423:
15107:
14977:
14581:
14503:
14472:
14447:
14251:
14211:
14170:
14165:
14130:
14068:
14063:
14001:
13846:
13713:
13574:
13451:
13316:
13093:
12943:
12923:
12885:
12835:
12020:
11958:
11898:
11861:
11833:
11795:
11760:
11740:
11523:
11513:
11498:
11385:
11192:
11056:
10819:
10674:
10633:
10623:
10462:
10401:
10321:
10316:
10301:
10296:
10209:
9942:
9902:
9710:
9663:
9626:
9546:
9498:
9493:
9397:
8401:
8361:
7556:
7390:
7370:
7152:
6952:
6356:
6221:
6033:
5959:
5908:
5904:
5882:
5784:
5680:
5676:
5656:
5503:
5372:
5281:
4962:
4858:
4716:
4624:
4569:
4546:
4521:. It is believed to have been made in Gaelic monasteries in Ireland and Scotland.
4502:. By the 9th century, some of the most powerful kings were being acknowledged as
4229:
4141:
4060:
The Gaels are then said to have sailed to Ireland via Galicia in the form of the
4054:
3867:
3851:
3472:
3429:
3417:
3347:
3242:
3065:
3005:
2991:
2940:
2857:
2491:
2375:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2315:
2251:
2230:
2208:
1793:
1682:
1605:
1514:
1447:
1388:
1254:
986:
971:
961:
956:
872:
844:
597:
461:
399:
248:
214:
190:
17709:
17499:
17290:
16635:
15210:
15160:
14941:
14107:
13381:
12905:
9773:
7230:"What's in a name? Y chromosomes, surnames and the genetic genealogy revolution"
7119:
7059:. Association of Highland Clans & Societies. 29 January 2015. Archived from
6778:
5741:
4841:
took place in stages during the late 12th century. Norman mercenaries landed in
4771:
4459:
2845:
2833:
19453:
19433:
19329:
19168:
19156:
18934:
17997:
17981:
17931:
17484:
17469:
16881:
15785:
15711:
15456:
15225:
14882:
14462:
14432:
14311:
13934:
13878:
13728:
13579:
13564:
13386:
13283:
13203:
13193:
13141:
12890:
12797:
12676:
12329:
12324:
12295:
12257:
12059:
12049:
12025:
11972:
11928:
11843:
11823:
11805:
11750:
11745:
11713:
11558:
11538:
11363:
11264:
11243:
11238:
10875:
10809:
10804:
10793:
10774:
10768:
10764:
10572:
10567:
10526:
10453:
10439:
10351:
10326:
10291:
10250:
10240:
10176:
10163:
10103:
10047:
10039:
10030:
10003:
9984:
9862:
9744:
9653:
9592:
9557:
9510:
9462:
9452:
9372:
9335:
8900:
Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland C.1200-C.1650
8099:
7323:
7060:
6205:
6037:
5947:
5632:
5532:
5522:
5464:
organisations were founded to promote a broad cultural and linguistic revival.
5368:
5273:
5243:
5191:
5147:
5134:
5069:
5049:
5009:
4966:
4712:
4651:(meaning father) lived there before being driven out by the incoming Norsemen.
4562:
4558:
4538:
4530:
4499:
4455:
4442:(province), which was ruled by a provincial king. In the early Middle Ages the
4417:
4410:
4140:, however others argue that "Celts" arrived much later at the beginning of the
3987:
3949:
3894:
3886:
3806:
3657:
3614:
3464:
3362:
3290:
3238:
3137:
3121:
3085:
In traditional Gaelic society, a patrilineal kinship group is referred to as a
3060:
3038:) in the 16th century, while they in turn began to refer to Scottish Gaelic as
3035:
2964:
2960:
2817:
2799:
2738:"; this existed in the English language during the 11th century in the form of
2120:
1987:
1862:
1420:
1374:
1342:
1278:
769:
577:
522:
503:
465:
406:
391:
336:
328:
277:
224:
182:
17747:
17659:
17654:
17649:
17114:
16921:
16850:
16680:
16600:
16501:
15862:
15378:
15200:
14908:
14556:
14341:
14190:
13688:
13291:
12510:
9792:
9777:
8325:
8131:
6693:
5648:
4881:
warriors were brought in from the Highlands to fight for various Irish kings.
4467:
4160:
4006:
3982:
3835:
3420:
is slightly more complex, but included below are those who identify as ethnic
3200:
3188:
3176:
2678:
19447:
18984:
18817:
18691:
18166:
18151:
17694:
17295:
17024:
16491:
16218:
15905:
15744:
15582:
15418:
15279:
14972:
14771:
14756:
14636:
14631:
14014:
13873:
13446:
13243:
13223:
13198:
13043:
12560:
12551:
12383:
12334:
12310:
11856:
11828:
11735:
11727:
11469:
11421:
11207:
11155:
10884:
10824:
10814:
10714:
10689:
10475:
9966:
9946:
9823:
9732:
9658:
9520:
8755:
8655:
The Irish in Britain from the Earliest Times to the Fall and Death of Parnell
8194:"Religiosity Plummets in Ireland and Declines Worldwide; Atheism on the Rise"
6329:
6229:
6053:
6020:
5951:
5854:
5850:
5823:
5631:", worldview of the pre-Christian Gaels of Ireland is typically described as
5376:
5223:
5097:
5093:
5026:
4834:
4759:
4739:
4662:, began to raid and pillage settlements. The earliest recorded raids were on
4634:
4605:
4597:
4581:
4514:
4491:
4479:
4471:
4438:(overkingdom), which was ruled by an overking. Several overkingdoms formed a
4372:
4327:
4262:
4189:
3996:
3827:
3641:
3468:
3366:
3335:
3148:
3078:
2986:
2849:
2380:
1844:
1760:
1477:
1335:
1197:
951:
480:
425:
395:
362:
354:
198:
16443:
13808:
13356:
13263:
12671:
9760:
7924:
The Making of the British Isles: The State of Britain and Ireland, 1450â1660
5845:
had difficulty infiltrating Gaelic life: Ireland had never been part of the
4451:
4387:. The abbot and the monk eventually took over certain cultural roles of the
4005:, the Gaels trace the origin of their people to an eponymous ancestor named
3164:
3113:
2836:, were the hegemonic power in Ireland before the rise of the descendants of
1167:
498:. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under
428:. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of
19138:
19074:
19069:
18979:
18962:
18787:
18726:
18216:
18201:
17770:
17603:
17593:
17314:
17303:
16990:
16519:
16486:
16461:
16333:
15875:
15647:
15627:
15574:
15554:
15373:
15315:
15165:
15097:
15092:
15000:
14898:
14854:
14829:
14746:
14306:
14296:
14281:
14218:
14199:
14180:
14175:
13991:
13944:
13733:
13708:
13703:
13653:
13648:
13559:
13053:
13048:
12963:
12845:
12501:
12398:
12339:
12276:
12242:
12174:
11967:
11755:
11279:
11233:
11172:
11081:
10858:
10836:
10829:
10266:
10191:
10181:
10113:
9950:
9892:
9640:
9587:
7207:
7171:
6721:
5991:
5935:
5899:
5873:
This balance began to unravel during the 12th century with the polemics of
5846:
5761:
5384:
5329:
5289:
5239:
5207:
4893:
4738:, heralding a second Viking period. The Dublin Norseâsome of them, such as
4601:
4589:
4364:
4323:
4248:
4217:
4172:
4156:
4124:
at the Hill of Tara, sacred site of inauguration for the Gaelic High Kings.
3421:
3370:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3207:
3143:
The Irish Gaels can be grouped into the following major historical groups;
2735:
2635:
2613:
2562:
2485:
1999:
1837:
1311:
1182:
981:
976:
966:
637:
621:
593:
236:
17800:
17674:
17459:
17354:
14801:
14728:
14361:
13673:
13180:
10458:
9800:
9769:
9736:
9392:
8363:
The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950â1350
6992:
6849:Ă DĂłnaill, Niall (1992). FoclĂłir GaeilgeâBĂ©arla. Dublin, Ireland: An GĂșm.
6371:
CĂ©li DĂ© in Ireland: monastic writing and identity in the early Middle Ages
6321:
5724:
5537:
where children are taught exclusively through the medium of Irish. In the
4918:
4833:
The remainder of the Middle Ages was marked by conflict between Gaels and
4475:
4294:
4221:
3339:
3196:
3172:
3160:
3152:
2936:
410:
19275:
19188:
18887:
18831:
18792:
18053:
17679:
17514:
17389:
17349:
17339:
17277:
16830:
16820:
16741:
16650:
16418:
16168:
15915:
15607:
15498:
15353:
15310:
15190:
15112:
15074:
15057:
15044:
14954:
14949:
14862:
14741:
14621:
14571:
14467:
14442:
13967:
13906:
13643:
13554:
13391:
13311:
13273:
13253:
13218:
13058:
12953:
12875:
12870:
12860:
12428:
12360:
12089:
12074:
11475:
11394:
11202:
11187:
11177:
11150:
10976:
10929:
10841:
10587:
10204:
10108:
9995:
9750:
9740:
9680:
9552:
8615:
A History of the Irish Language: From the Norman Invasion to Independence
7403:"2011 Census for England and Wales: Religion and Ethnicity Data Overview"
6008:
5955:
5920:
5695:
5412:
5299:
4931:
4878:
4808:
4751:
4747:
4683:
4655:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4566:
4518:
4463:
4286:
4240:
4200:, Governor of Britain, and speculate at Roman sponsorship. His grandson,
4168:
4164:
4038:
3957:
3855:
3476:
3460:
3425:
3354:
3211:
3056:
3026:
2932:
2743:
2677:
specifically to those who claimed genealogical descent from the mythical
1975:
1961:
1925:
1633:
605:
530:
453:
433:
379:
261:
17449:
14566:
14376:
14291:
10744:
10510:
8333:
6631:
6349:
4985:: to surrender their lands to the king, and then have them regranted as
4812:
4727:
as the hegemonic force in Great Britain, over a Gaelic-Viking alliance.
4509:
4401:
4389:
4177:
4120:
3974:
3156:
2824:) in the south-west of Ireland. This group has been associated with the
2533:
1162:
581:
576:â continued to be celebrated into modern times. The Gaels have a strong
19369:
18892:
18802:
18766:
18756:
18562:
17742:
17588:
17564:
16976:
16746:
16456:
16344:
16051:
15955:
15838:
15632:
15393:
15286:
14982:
14967:
14839:
14814:
14786:
14751:
14616:
14301:
14228:
14120:
14028:
13986:
13929:
13698:
13693:
13268:
13248:
13228:
13088:
13068:
12958:
12948:
12515:
12474:
12266:
12012:
12000:
11453:
11417:
11217:
11182:
11142:
10734:
10496:
10487:
9432:
8403:
Representing Ireland: Literature and the Origins of Conflict, 1534-1660
5889:, was becoming more centralised and uniform throughout Europe with the
5838:
5819:
5668:
5187:
4730:
After a spell when the Norsemen were driven from Dublin by Leinsterman
4554:
4542:
4529:
for the Gaels. This is due to the influence which the Gaels had across
3922:
3918:
3875:
3871:
3393:
3204:
3074:
3000:
2841:
2763:
2726:
2682:
2673:
who were the cultural intelligentsia of the nation, limited the use of
1938:
1852:
1730:
1495:
601:
445:
244:
19013:
17489:
17359:
15363:
13456:
7733:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c.500 â 1100
7034:
4050:
3471:
in Ireland. There are about 2,000 Scottish Gaelic speakers in Canada (
2712:
19401:
19122:
18906:
18761:
18736:
18711:
18136:
17669:
17598:
17444:
17394:
17246:
17127:
17057:
16509:
16428:
16188:
15724:
15719:
15587:
15569:
14893:
14867:
14781:
14561:
14541:
14536:
14422:
13678:
13233:
13213:
13151:
12938:
12913:
12850:
12788:
12771:
12661:
12223:
11412:
10519:
9887:
9796:
9728:
9633:
9467:
7602:. Department of Celtic and Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh.
7189:
6065:
5729:
5684:
5490:
5364:
5203:
5195:
5178:
5121:
5102:
5048:, caused mass emigration (leading to Anglicisation, but also a large
5041:
4679:
4205:
3934:
3914:
3452:
3144:
2750:
2585:
2570:
2516:
2141:
1918:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1882:
1750:
517:
19087:
18807:
16963:
10724:
10425:
9562:
6277:"The Scottish Highlands in Colonial & Psychodynamic Perspective"
4430:), which was typically the territory of a single kin-group. Several
4209:
2825:
19313:
19246:
18911:
18797:
18741:
18146:
17752:
17699:
17689:
17344:
17182:
16948:
16943:
16938:
16408:
16398:
16375:
15780:
15734:
15701:
15686:
15622:
15539:
15117:
15008:
14824:
14819:
14736:
14326:
14203:
14150:
14006:
13949:
13401:
13336:
13331:
13306:
13258:
13188:
12855:
12830:
12825:
12437:
12271:
12069:
11533:
10986:
10941:
10905:
10893:
10739:
10699:
10514:
10506:
10501:
10483:
10406:
10143:
10138:
10123:
8739:
6190:
6130:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 7 February 2014.
5878:
5778:
5587:
5392:
5161:
4908:
4842:
4775:
4694:
4682:
and elsewhere. The Norsemen also took most of the Hebrides and the
4675:
4642:
4302:
4290:
4148:
4010:
3444:
3397:
2870:
2521:
2084:
2075:
1966:
1767:
1742:
1646:
1137:
713:
617:
573:
541:
540:, each with its own territory and king (or chief), elected through
526:
495:
457:
429:
375:
16665:
10754:
9754:
9597:
5206:. The Gaels had their own style of dress, which became the modern
4422:
4274:
2812:, possibly based on earlier sources, located a group known as the
2792:
2756:. The ultimate origin of this word is thought to be the Old Irish
490:. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the
19231:
19216:
19115:
18902:
18882:
17856:
17825:
17757:
17639:
17374:
17166:
17013:
16655:
16471:
16203:
15813:
15805:
15754:
15549:
15544:
15403:
15320:
15013:
14931:
14921:
14916:
14160:
14155:
13883:
13491:
13406:
13208:
13078:
12079:
12054:
11933:
11908:
11543:
11508:
11481:
11408:
11390:
10981:
10917:
10541:
10171:
10148:
8987:
A New History of Ireland, Volume I: Prehistoric and Early Ireland
7136:"A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages"
6934:
5672:
5664:
5235:
5124:; paved the way for the creation of development agencies such as
5052:). The language was rolled back to the Gaelic strongholds of the
4782:. They were involved in a series of battles against the Vikings:
4763:
4663:
4659:
4638:
4483:
4244:
4193:
4042:
4034:
3926:
3910:
3898:
3448:
3310:
3199:(i.e. â MacGregor, MacDuff, MacLaren, etc.) claimed descent from
2968:
2861:
2803:
2721:
2134:
2098:
2091:
1889:
1509:
1142:
569:
561:
371:
14551:
12606:
Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media
9135:
Cattle Lords and Clansmen: The Social Structure of Early Ireland
7611:
J.X.W.P. Corcoram, "The origin of the Celts", in Nora Chadwick,
7339:"Education and Irish Language - CSO - Central Statistics Office"
6581:"Race, Language and Social Class in Seventeenth-Century Ireland"
6094:"Education and Irish Language - CSO - Central Statistics Office"
5753:
4395:
4367:
reached Ireland during the 5th century, most famously through a
4073:
2758:
19101:
19094:
18939:
18872:
18731:
17153:
17032:
17000:
16995:
16529:
16413:
16309:
16193:
15818:
15770:
15729:
15681:
15676:
15660:
15637:
15528:
15368:
15358:
15102:
15034:
15023:
14995:
14987:
14926:
14766:
14761:
14711:
14336:
14286:
14145:
13683:
13161:
13146:
13103:
13083:
12933:
12702:
Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media
12064:
11851:
11633:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
11553:
11528:
11492:
11486:
11399:
11322:
11248:
11167:
10669:
10153:
10098:
9783:
9765:
7958:
A New History of Ireland, Volume II: Medieval Ireland 1169â1534
6069:
5866:. The 6thâ9th centuries are generally held to be the height of
5796:
5790:
5749:
5745:
5660:
4958:
4822:
4671:
4298:
4046:
3906:
3902:
3847:
3484:
3456:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3070:
2902:("old foreigners", of Norman descent) was proposed against the
2876:
2853:
2813:
2780:
2717:
2662:
2656:
1857:
1811:
1330:
1147:
596:
accompanied the introduction of writing in the Roman alphabet.
565:
206:
15467:
8744:
Trafodion Anhrydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion; Cyfres Newydd
8702:
The Golden Age of Irish Art: The Medieval Achievement 600-1200
7364:
General Register Office, Scotland's Census 2001, Gaelic Report
5870:, with numerous saints, scholars and works of devotional art.
5072:
also occurred in the 19th century, with organisations such as
4803:
The Irish Church became closer to Continental models with the
3862:
clan arose to the Pictish kingship by the 8th century. Gaelic
3316:
The development of in-depth studies of DNA sequences known as
18721:
17704:
17684:
17404:
17086:
17040:
16904:
16403:
15823:
15612:
15428:
15018:
13777:
12918:
10953:
10759:
10704:
10592:
10128:
10076:
10026:
9937:
9788:
9488:
9047:
The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland
8577:
The Famine Plot: England's Role in Ireland's Greatest Tragedy
8238:"Two nations, one order: the Franciscans in medieval Ireland"
7485:"Visual census, Ethnic origin and visible minorities, Canada"
6658:"How British is Scotland? Archaeological Origins of Scotland"
5737:
5628:
5388:
5309:
4870:
4774:. Through military might, Brian went about building a Gaelic
4647:
4487:
4266:
4257:
4129:
4030:
4026:
4022:
3978:
3930:
3843:
3382:
3184:
3096:
2973:
2956:
2788:
2624:, meaning "forest people", "wild men" or, later, "warriors".
2527:
2501:
2496:
1956:
1830:
1824:
1806:
1177:
1152:
589:
537:
31:
12740:
12192:
9311:
8596:
Wars of Words: The Politics of Language in Ireland 1537-2004
5893:
and military reliance on Germanic peoples at the fringes of
5529:
and studying the subject remains obligatory. There are also
4450:) was largely a reality. In the south, the influence of the
592:
alphabet began in the 4th century. The Gaels' conversion to
91:
27:
Celtic ethnic group of Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
16736:
14261:
13396:
11212:
10749:
10729:
10664:
10492:
8938:
Warriors of the Word: The World of the Scottish Highlanders
8822:
The Irish Language in Ireland: From GoĂdel to Globalisation
7295:"Celts' red hair could be attributed to the cloudy weather"
6979:"Origins Part 2: Clan Colla and the Origins of Clan Donald"
5733:
5644:
5231:
5211:
4667:
4486:. Aside from their gains in Ulster (excluding the Ărainn's
4458:
grew further, to the detriment of Ărainn clans such as the
4114:
3317:
3105:
3087:
2348:
633:
625:
620:. The Gaels had their own style of dress, which became the
612:
in western Europe. In the Middle Ages, most Gaels lived in
306:
8740:"Celts, Britons, and GaelsâNames, Peoples, and Identities"
7507:"The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2013 Census"
7132:
7082:"A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland".
6427:
18839:
16278:
14680:
12620:
9293:
8880:
The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland
8635:
Erin's Blood Royal: The Gaelic Noble Dynasties of Ireland
8070:"Let's speak Gaeilge however we can and wherever we want"
7849:. University of Nottingham. 12 March 2020. Archived from
6040:
via population movement as laid out in works such as the
5553:
4715:, whereby DĂĄl Riata and Pictland were merged to form the
4619:
was one of the leaders in the struggle with the Norsemen.
4192:
before returning to claim Tara. Based on the accounts of
3985:
voyaging from Egypt. From the 15th century chronicle the
3846:. Further to the north, the Ărainn's DĂĄl Riata colonised
3124:. It is further divided into major kindreds, such as the
2773:
meaning "fertile". Ăriu is mentioned as a goddess in the
303:
37:"Gael" and "GĂ idheal" redirect here. For other uses, see
16873:
12732:
9327:
9324:(c. 700 items collected by the Gaelic Society of London)
8841:
The Broken Harp: Identity and Language in Modern Ireland
8520:
The Triumph Tree: Scotland's Earliest Poetry AD 550-1350
7624:
7186:"Insights into the O'Neills of Ireland from DNA Testing"
6003:
Census data for the United Kingdom are broken down on a
5515:
During the 1950s, the independent Irish state developed
4778:
under his High Kingship, even gaining the submission of
4750:âwere a serious regional power, with territories across
4545:. Some of the most celebrated figures of this time were
3475:
dialect), although many are elderly and concentrated in
2998:
The Gaels of northern Britain referred to themselves as
18268:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
8288:
Gaelic Scotland: The Transformation of a Culture Region
7557:"Seventh-Century Ireland as a Study Abroad Destination"
5450:
Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge
5198:. In the ancient and medieval era, most Gaels lived in
5172:, a relative was elected to be his deputy or 'tanist' (
4697:
had kings of Gaelic origin, since the 7th century with
4151:
there was heightened activity at a number of important
8038:"'Endangered' Gaelic on map of world's dead languages"
7874:
The Shape of the State in Medieval Scotland, 1124â1290
7576:. Rutgers University. 10 February 2015. Archived from
6888:
6866:
6522:
6520:
6518:
5728:. Among the gods were male and female deities such as
2769:, likely associated with the Proto-Indo-European term
2616:, the Old Irish form of the name was borrowed from an
640:. Gaelic culture continues to be a major component of
10945:
9066:
The Prose Literature of the Gaelic Revival, 1881-1921
8022:. Marlyhurst University. 21 July 2015. Archived from
7636:
7383:
Oifis Iomairtean na Gaidhlig/Office of Gaelic Affairs
3396:. Another trait very common in Gaelic populations is
3012:
and so when Anglo-Saxon influence grew at court with
321:
312:
70:
17998:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
11331:
9103:
8957:
To Hell or Barbados: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ireland
7765:
7188:. Edwin. B. O'Neill. 26 January 2015. Archived from
7033:. Finte na hĂireann. 29 January 2015. Archived from
6756:
5853:
and is especially associated with the activities of
5837:, remains the predominant one to this day, although
5348:
posits that Goidelic is more closely related to the
4826:
Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the
4580:
flourished domestically, with artifacts such as the
2545:
The word "Gaelic" is first recorded in print in the
309:
8664:
Gaelic Gothic: Race, Colonization and Irish Culture
8006:
Minority Languages and Cultural Diversity in Europe
6638:
6515:
3830:from the 4th century onwards. The proto-EĂłganachta
3416:(Irish, Scottish Gaelic, or Manx). The question of
3289:At the turn of the 21st century, the principles of
2569:. This term was further popularised in academia by
41:. For the BBC's Gaelic language radio station, see
9022:
8819:
7673:
7206:. Denis M. Wright. 26 January 2015. Archived from
6254:The Highland Clearances and the Politics of Memory
6125:"Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland"
5482:. Similar Highland Gaelic groups existed, such as
5480:Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language
5383:in the 4th century, after the introduction of the
4853:, with the backing of the Papacy, established the
3854:) and there was a significant Gaelic influence in
2734:A common name, passed down to the modern day, is "
18361:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
8750:. The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion: 41â56.
6204:Bechhofer, Frank; McCrone, David (4 March 2014).
6052:. The pioneering figure in this direction is Dr.
5877:, who attacked various Gaelic customs (including
5130:and state media (television and radio) in Irish.
19445:
8721:An Duanaire 1600-1900: Poems of the Dispossessed
6203:
5655:. The four seasonal festivals celebrated in the
5549:Minister for Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
5214:in Scotland. They also have their own extensive
2505:, but this later came to mean only the Gaels of
19207:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
17733:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
16811:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
15344:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
14527:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
13634:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
9378:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
9026:Ogygia: A Chronological Account of Irish Events
8977:Dissertations on the Ancient History of Ireland
8973:
8954:
8498:
8314:International Journal of Historical Archaeology
8114:"Language as activism: the big Gaelic comeback"
6824:. Dr. Bruce Durie. 28 July 2015. Archived from
6750:Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
5926:During the 16th century, with the emergence of
5683:. Unlike other religions, there is no overall "
4993:. Decades of conflict followed in the reign of
4269:. These raids increased in the 4th century, as
4072:, the gods, who inhabited Ireland at the time.
4068:. The Gaels fight a battle of sorcery with the
3077:. Distinctive patterns were adopted during the
2892:, where a Catholic alliance between the native
9302: â Scottish agency promoting the language
9250:The Edinburgh Companion to the Gaelic Language
9033:
8212:"Marriage in Medieval Ireland by Art Cosgrove"
8100:"Manx: Bringing a language back from the dead"
6622:"On the Origin of the Names Ărainn and Ăriu".
6011:was an option in the ethnicity section of the
4981:. Gaelic kings were encouraged to apply for a
4800:("The War of the Gaels with the Foreigners").
4184:According to medieval Irish legend, High King
4181:(Stone of Destiny), which stands to this day.
3944:, it could be interpreted as referring to the
2720:are one of the population groups mentioned in
536:Traditional Gaelic society was organised into
17841:
16889:
16294:
15483:
14696:
13793:
12756:
12208:
10909:
10011:
9343:
7960:. Oxford University Press. pp. 397â438.
7541:. Irish Echo. 7 February 2015. Archived from
7539:"Census reveals scale of NZ Irish population"
7320:Forensic Science International: Genetics, 39,
7235:. Cell Press. 6 February 2015. Archived from
5379:âonly began to be properly recorded with the
5160:to the chieftainship or kingship was through
4686:from the DĂĄl Riata clans and established the
4494:'s southern branch had also pushed down into
3350:having the largest such database at present.
2460:
10897:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7324:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.01.001
6668:
5711:, represent the metaphysical orientation of
5478:'s Gaelic Union, itself a derivative of the
5474:) was set up in 1893 and had its origins in
5117:Gluaiseacht Chearta Siabhialta na Gaeltachta
4409:during this early time retained elements of
4297:are held to have established a territory in
3999:contained within medieval works such as the
3940:In a more narrow interpretation of the term
3297:were applied to the study of populations of
17970:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
12636:Gluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta
12536:
12495:
12452:
12422:
12392:
12354:
12304:
12251:
12231:
10957:
10921:
9296: â Irish agency promoting the language
9063:
9003:
8838:
7941:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 48.
7917:
7915:
6921:
6433:
6383:
5958:), but most Highlanders later converted to
5885:of the time, fresh from its split with the
5718:The main gods held in high regard were the
5647:cult of archetypal Gaelic warriors such as
5530:
5152:Culture of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
3004:in their own tongue and their realm as the
60:
19393:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
17848:
17834:
16896:
16882:
16301:
16287:
15490:
15476:
14703:
14689:
13800:
13786:
12763:
12749:
12215:
12201:
10933:
10025:
10018:
10004:
9350:
9336:
9308: â Manx agency promoting the language
7876:. Oxford University Press. pp. 17â18.
7833:Language Contact across the North Atlantic
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
5833:during the 5th century and that religion,
4289:. There was also some Irish settlement in
3269:(The Highland Clans) was founded in 2013.
2995:founded by Irish Gaels in Germanic lands.
2844:. The Ărainn included peoples such as the
2467:
2453:
2431:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
486:parts of Ireland, while parts of Scotland
405:Gaelic language and culture originated in
90:
80:
9131:
9082:
8984:
8803:Consolidating Conquest: Ireland 1603-1727
8765:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
8008:. Multilingual Matters. pp. 265â266.
7966:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0015
7954:"Chapter XIV: Gaelic society and economy"
7939:Scottish Highlanders and Native Americans
7788:"Ancient Ireland: The Monastic Tradition"
7660:
7630:
7161:
7151:
7112:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
7091:
6692:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6303:"Colonialism and the Highland Clearances"
6300:
4861:as part of a propaganda campaign (with a
2634:. The root of the name is cognate at the
2604:(plural). In modern Irish, it is spelled
2549:in the 1770s, replacing the earlier word
19212:Association football in Northern Ireland
9209:
9171:
9044:
8876:
8781:
8718:
8699:
8555:
8536:
8460:
8420:
8399:
8359:
8254:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
8224:
7951:
7912:
7800:
7729:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7600:Research on Language Policy and Planning
6981:. Clan Donald Heritage. 26 January 2015.
6965:
6935:"Surnames in the Eoganacht sept project"
6674:
6592:
6590:
5813:
5615:
5340:have a more recent common ancestor than
5298:
4925:
4917:
4821:
4819:attempted to build a national monarchy.
4610:
4541:, Gaelic monastics were known for their
4508:
4322:
4113:
3973:
3814:
3276:
3064:
2921:
2711:
608:; Gaelic missionaries and scholars were
440:, as well as cultural influence through
436:. There was also some Gaelic settlement
18408:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
9112:
9068:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
8919:A Handbook of the Scottish Gaelic World
8857:
8800:
8683:From Chiefdom to State in Early Ireland
8661:
8593:
8380:
8311:
8284:
8257:. Oxford University Press. p. 85.
7991:A handbook of the Scottish Gaelic world
7900:
7898:
7830:
7479:
7477:
7408:. BRAP. 7 February 2014. Archived from
7262:"Haemochromatosis - The Celtic Disease"
6444:
6442:
6336:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6147:
5881:and hereditary clergy) as "pagan". The
5585:. There are also media outlets such as
4922:Gaelic Irish men and noblewomen, c.1575
4271:Roman rule in Britain began to collapse
2553:which is attested as far back as 1596.
14:
19446:
10874:
9428:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
9314: â Pan-Gaelic cultural initiative
9266:
9247:
9190:
9152:
8935:
8916:
8897:
8680:
8652:
8574:
8517:
8086:
8003:
7988:
7871:
7835:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 115â116.
7782:
7780:
7671:
7642:
7450:
7448:
7314:Katsara, M. and Nothnagel, M. (2019).
6773:
6771:
6747:
6662:Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies
6568:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6185:
6183:
6166:"National Household Survey (NHS) 2011"
4576:. Aside from their activities abroad,
4128:There is some disagreement about when
3878:exhibit high levels of Gaelic-derived
2628:is recorded as a personal name in the
18677:
18467:
18288:
17894:
17829:
16877:
16282:
15471:
14684:
13781:
12744:
12731:
12196:
12106:
11998:
11777:
11579:
11011:
10791:
10437:
10074:
9999:
9331:
9228:
9023:Ă Flaithbheartaigh, RuaidhrĂ (1685).
8820:Mac Giolla ChrĂost, Diarmait (2005).
8631:
8612:
8479:
8439:
8305:
8250:
8180:
8168:
8156:
7936:
7921:
7886:
7771:
7756:
7700:
7694:
7654:
7333:
7331:
7017:
7005:
6909:
6811:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6587:
6414:
6250:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6137:
5460:During the 19th century, a number of
5190:. The Gaels have always had a strong
5056:of Scotland, the west of Ireland and
4478:), Munster was extended north of the
4017:), who is credited with creating the
3842:both established colonies in today's
3241:, there has been renewed interest in
2438:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
2410:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
361:
348:
335:
12733:Additional articles related to Gaels
9679:
8762:
8737:
7908:. History Ireland. 24 February 2015.
7895:
7680:. Oxford University Press. pp.
7487:. Statistics Canada. 7 December 2010
7474:
7458:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
7427:
6881:
6859:
6762:
6644:
6552:10.1093/acref/9780198609674.001.0001
6526:
6439:
6153:
6119:
6117:
6115:
5395:on pillar-like stone monuments (see
5025:. He also attempted to colonise the
4633:that the Gaels may have visited the
4572:; perhaps the best known example is
4080:recites an incantation known as the
3103:is not to be confused with the term
2654:. This latter word is the origin of
2565:'s work on the relationship between
456:. In the 9th century, DĂĄl Riata and
119:Regions with significant populations
13531:The Pursuit of Diarmuid and GrĂĄinne
11999:
9719:
9086:The Great Book of Irish Genealogies
8860:Highlanders: A History of the Gaels
8539:Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630
7818:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7777:
7531:
7499:
7445:
6937:. Eoganacht Septs. 26 January 2015.
6768:
6389:
6368:
6180:
5968:Free Church of Scotland (1843â1900)
5569:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
5551:, as well as media outlets such as
5352:, while Brythonic is closer to the
4953:Scotland in the early modern period
4674:(setting up a large slave market),
2971:. The Romans began to use the term
2573:; the first Professor of Celtic at
2395:Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European
476:often claiming lordship over them.
24:
19504:Ethnic groups in the United States
18437:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
18212:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
18010:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
17855:
12626:Acadamh na hOllscolaĂochta Gaeilge
12567:Permanent North American Gaeltacht
8786:. University of Notre Dame Press.
8558:Divided Kingdom: Ireland 1630-1800
8132:"BBC Alba is not a Gaelic channel"
7562:. Colin Ireland. 10 February 2015.
7395:
7328:
7292:
7084:American Journal of Human Genetics
6610:
6134:
5934:Catholicism, a distinct Christian
5659:, still observed to this day, are
5620:An artistic rendering of the hero
2884:. Within Ireland itself, the term
2417:The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
25:
19545:
19524:Ethnic groups in Northern Ireland
19514:Highlands and Islands of Scotland
18222:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
11429:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
9287:
9104:O'Sullivan Beare, Philip (1621).
9006:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
8482:Making Ireland British, 1580-1650
8020:"Irish as an endangered language"
7993:. Four Courts Press. p. 114.
7891:. Tempus Publishing. p. 129.
7759:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
6995:. Peter Biggins. 26 January 2015.
6112:
6013:2011 Census of the United Kingdom
5919:. Even within orders such as the
4973:declared the Lordship of Ireland
4930:Scottish Highlanders depicted in
4645:, and that Gaelic monks known as
4375:, but also through Gaels such as
4239:and quite detailed references in
3969:
3334:. Examples can be taken from the
3272:
3050:
2742:, which derived from the stem of
556:the ancestors and believed in an
19427:
18391:Tallest buildings and structures
16263:
16262:
15452:
15451:
14665:
14664:
13762:
13761:
12179:
10792:
10424:
9980:
9979:
8883:. The Irish Publishing Company.
8632:Ellis, Peter Berresford (2002).
8278:
8244:
8240:. History Ireland. 21 July 2015.
8230:
8218:
8214:. History Ireland. 21 July 2015.
8204:
8186:
8174:
8162:
8150:
8124:
8106:
8058:. Collin Meissner. 21 July 2015.
7906:"Driving a Wedge within Gaeldom"
7719:. Thomas Martz. 8 February 2015.
6402:"Did the Irish Come from Spain?"
6373:. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer.
6193:. Jill Vaughan. 7 February 2015.
5605:
5420:
5411:
4734:, they returned in the reign of
4623:There is some evidence in early
4517:, one of the finest examples of
4110:Scotland during the Roman Empire
3373:language, possibly ancestral to
3328:, as found in works such as the
2749:, "inhabitant of Ireland", from
2424:Journal of Indo-European Studies
1188:Bible translations into Armenian
679:
560:. Their four yearly festivals â
299:
17400:Ăed RĂșad, DĂthorba and CimbĂĄeth
16721:Art Ăg mac Murchadha CaomhĂĄnach
15497:
12320:Gaeltacht Chathair na Gaillimhe
9269:From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070
9214:. Occasional Publications UPR.
8499:Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2007).
8352:
8285:Withers, Charles W. J. (2015).
8092:
8080:
8062:
8048:
8030:
8012:
7997:
7982:
7945:
7930:
7880:
7865:
7839:
7824:
7806:
7794:
7750:
7723:
7688:
7648:
7605:
7592:
7566:
7549:
7375:
7357:
7308:
7286:
7254:
7222:
7196:
7178:
7126:
7100:
7075:
7049:
7023:
7011:
6999:
6985:
6971:
6959:
6941:
6927:
6915:
6903:
6843:
6791:
6741:
6717:"Scotland's DNA: Tartan export"
6709:
6650:
6532:
6498:. December 1989. Archived from
6482:
6462:
6417:From Pictland to Alba, 789â1070
6408:
6404:. History Ireland. Autumn 2001.
6377:
6362:
6168:. Statistics Canada. 8 May 2013
6036:as being derived directly from
6026:
5997:
5994:and the roles of the colonists.
5984:
5970:in the Highlands following the
5803:
5402:
5332:root: the North Atlantic-based
4936:Clans of The Scottish Highlands
4886:Scottish army landed in Ireland
4723:in 937 defined the Anglo-Saxon
3407:
3379:HFE hereditary haemochromatosis
3231:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
3214:claimed to be from Clan Colla.
3120:claim patrilineal descent from
3116:as an example, members of this
2612:(plural). According to scholar
2561:came to be used by some due to
699:List of Indo-European languages
382:. They are associated with the
18227:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
15389:Origins of the Kingdom of Alba
15241:Eochaid mac Muiredaig Muinderg
13807:
13538:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
9271:. Edinburgh University Press.
9252:. Edinburgh University Press.
9176:. Edinburgh University Press.
9034:O'Halloran, Sylvester (1778).
8685:. Cambridge University Press.
8657:. Kegan Paul, Trench, TrĂŒbner.
8503:. Cambridge University Press.
8406:. Cambridge University Press.
7952:Nicholls, Kenneth W. (2008) .
7057:"The Highland origin of Clans"
6725:. 3 March 2011. Archived from
6301:Mackinnon, Iain (1 May 2017).
6294:
6269:
6244:
6197:
6086:
5581:. This has seen the growth of
4949:History of Ireland (1536â1691)
4253:relations with the Roman world
3281:Distribution of Y-chromosomal
3219:History of Ireland (1536â1691)
2584:These names all come from the
2537:are sometimes used for Gaels.
580:, traditionally maintained by
452:in Gaelic lands, becoming the
13:
1:
19459:Celtic ethnolinguistic groups
18289:
13664:List of High Kings of Ireland
12770:
12370:Gaeltacht Iorrais agus Acaill
12222:
12148:Celtic place names in Galicia
11778:
9155:Celts and the Classical World
8974:O'Conor Don, Charles (1753).
7889:Robert the Bruce's Irish Wars
7676:The Oxford History of Ireland
6079:
5841:is fast rising. At first the
5360:
5256:History of the Irish language
4746:now partly Gaelicised as the
4482:, laying the foundations for
4243:ethnography (most notably by
3487:, New York City and Chicago.
3045:
3030:, which they started to call
2025:Proto-Indo-European mythology
1294:Paleolithic continuity theory
628:. They also have distinctive
107:
19494:Ethnic groups in New Zealand
19292:Northern Ireland flags issue
18468:
18243:List of conflicts in Ireland
17987:Southern Ireland (1921â1922)
17558:The Tale of Mac Da ThĂł's Pig
14352:Coirpre Cromm mac Crimthainn
11580:
10085:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
9233:. Rowman & Littlefield.
9132:Patterson, Nerys T. (1991).
9037:A General History of Ireland
8518:Clancy, Thomas Owen (2008).
7847:"Battle of Brunanburh AD937"
7598:MacCaluim, Alasdair (2001).
7153:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285
7031:"About the Clans of Ireland"
6222:10.1080/1070289X.2014.878249
5496:Irish Republican Brotherhood
5342:Continental Celtic languages
5294:
5260:History of the Manx language
5120:and others; particularly in
4513:A page from the 9th century
4466:. Through their vassals the
4261:, also carried out raids on
4021:. GoĂdel's mother is called
3866:were also active across the
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3736:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3707:
3699:
3693:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3656:
3650:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3613:
3607:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3524:
2515:, are not as often used. An
1713:Northern Black Polished Ware
912:Proto-Indo-European language
655:
544:. The Irish were previously
7:
18678:
18263:Gaelic clothing and fashion
17895:
16477:MacGilpatrick (Fitzpatrick)
15991:Domnall mac Taidc UĂ Briain
15053:MacGilpatrick (Fitzpatrick)
14607:List of monarchs of Desmond
13442:Conn of the Hundred Battles
12712:Official Languages Act 2003
12356:Gaeltacht Chontae Mhaigh Eo
11072:Welsh literature in English
11012:
10438:
10164:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
10075:
9210:Thornton, David E. (2003).
9106:Catholic History of Ireland
9083:Ă MuraĂle, Nollaig (2004).
8989:. Oxford University Press.
8839:Mac SĂomoĂn, TomĂĄs (2014).
8465:. Oxford University Press.
8461:Calloway, Colin G. (2010).
7831:Ureland, Per Sture (1996).
7790:. Daily Kos. 28 March 2015.
6804:Online Etymology Dictionary
6784:Online Etymology Dictionary
6603:Online Etymology Dictionary
6583:. Ătudes irlandaises. 2007.
6475:Online Etymology Dictionary
6455:Online Etymology Dictionary
5600:
5381:Christianisation of Ireland
5249:
5040:in Ireland, and across the
4942:
4896:, brother of Scottish king
4780:MĂĄel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
4617:MĂĄel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
4537:activities. Similar to the
4319:Scotland in the Middle Ages
4308:
3800:
3353:In 2016, a study analyzing
2935:derive from the kingdom of
2838:Conn of the Hundred Battles
2030:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
10:
19550:
19469:Ethnic groups in Australia
19464:Ethnic groups in Argentina
17806:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
16856:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
16308:
16008:The Expulsion of the DĂ©isi
15921:Conall of the Swift Steeds
15439:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
15384:List of kings of DĂĄl Riata
14710:
14652:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
14602:List of Kings of the Picts
14367:FaĂlbe Flann mac Ăedo Duib
13739:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
13487:Niall of the Nine Hostages
12394:Gaeltacht Chontae ChiarraĂ
11092:Scottish Gaelic literature
10472:Brigantia (ancient region)
9231:Irish Writers and Religion
9113:Osbourn, Terry A. (2006).
8985:Ă CrĂłinĂn, DĂĄibhĂ (2005).
8955:O'Callaghan, Sean (2001).
8443:Irish Kings and High Kings
8440:Byrne, Francis J. (1973).
8421:Bradshaw, Brendan (2015).
8400:Bradshaw, Brendan (1993).
8291:. Routledge. p. 342.
8004:Glaser, Konstanze (2007).
7956:. In Cosgrove, Art (ed.).
7730:Stafford, Pauline (2013).
7615:(1970); David W. Anthony,
6421:Edinburgh University Press
6251:Brown, Daniel Guy (2014).
5807:
5609:
5397:Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth
5308:, 7th century, explaining
5267:
5264:History of Scottish Gaelic
5253:
5145:
5141:
5031:settlers from the Lowlands
4946:
4845:in 1169 at the request of
4839:Norman invasion of Ireland
4701:, around the times of the
4448:Leath Cuinn and Leath Moga
4385:Twelve Apostles of Ireland
4312:
4212:(both groups descend from
4095:
4091:
4053:, is said to have founded
3964:
3804:
3773:
3733:
3690:
3647:
3604:
3558:
3521:
3054:
2910:(the ascendant Protestant
2646:, derived ultimately from
1326:Domestication of the horse
460:merged to form the Gaelic
450:Vikings raided and settled
421:the Roman Empire and also
417:. In antiquity, the Gaels
286:Scottish Romani Travellers
36:
29:
19529:Ancient peoples of Europe
19499:Ethnic groups in Scotland
19423:
19322:
19260:
19197:
19137:
19050:
18998:
18953:
18920:
18865:
18830:
18780:
18699:
18690:
18686:
18673:
18608:
18511:
18480:
18476:
18463:
18373:
18301:
18297:
18284:
18235:
18023:
17907:
17903:
17890:
17866:
17723:
17617:
17581:
17528:
17510:MĂĄel Bressail mac Ailillo
17332:
17276:
17245:
17221:
17194:
17095:
17065:
17056:
17012:
16962:
16929:
16920:
16911:
16903:
16841:List of Kings of Leinster
16796:
16755:
16729:
16613:
16591:
16577:
16559:
16543:
16500:
16442:
16384:
16353:
16332:
16325:
16316:
16258:
16227:
16151:
16090:
16024:
15999:
15893:
15861:
15804:
15763:
15669:
15521:
15512:
15505:
15447:
15329:
15303:
15264:
15148:
15126:
15043:
14940:
14907:
14881:
14853:
14800:
14727:
14718:
14660:
14512:
14481:
14415:
14274:
14237:
14189:
14106:
14097:
14054:
13958:
13915:
13897:
13824:
13815:
13757:
13619:
13588:
13547:
13515:
13369:
13282:
13179:
13127:
13116:
13027:
12987:
12976:
12904:
12796:
12787:
12778:
12738:
12649:
12583:
12528:
12487:
12451:
12424:Gaeltacht Chontae ChorcaĂ
12421:
12391:
12382:
12353:
12303:
12294:
12241:
12230:
12170:
12113:
12107:
12102:
12040:
12011:
11994:
11957:
11879:
11870:
11842:
11814:
11786:
11773:
11726:
11691:
11665:
11586:
11575:
11462:
11439:Hebridean Celtic Festival
11376:
11278:
11257:
11226:
11141:
11100:
11067:Welsh-language literature
11022:
11018:
11007:
10969:
10883:
10800:
10787:
10657:
10616:
10550:
10446:
10433:
10422:
10259:
10228:
10162:
10083:
10070:
10037:
9975:
9920:
9839:
9672:
9616:
9481:
9365:
9357:
9322:University College London
9318:Gaelic Society Collection
9195:. Yale University Press.
9045:Ă hĂgĂĄin, DĂĄithĂ (2001).
8877:MacManus, Seamus (1921).
8801:Lenihan, Patrick (2007).
8719:Kinsella, Thomas (1981).
8681:Gibson, D. Blair (2012).
8360:Bartlett, Robert (1994).
7926:. Routledge. p. 296.
7761:. Routledge. p. 421.
7736:. John Wiley & Sons.
7369:11 September 2008 at the
6993:"DNA of the Three Collas"
6694:10.1017/S0003598X00060920
6495:Oxford English Dictionary
5471:
5344:, while the Q-Celtic and
5336:posits that Goidelic and
5334:Insular Celtic hypothesis
5324:and fall under the wider
5238:), and their own sports (
5063:
4232:extended their hegemony.
4204:, is the ancestor of the
4175:) was inaugurated on the
3870:. With the coming of the
3235:Williamite War in Ireland
3223:Tudor conquest of Ireland
2821:
2787:. Along with her sisters
2669:In medieval Ireland, the
2035:Historical Vedic religion
1312:Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
510:, and then in Ireland by
260:
255:
235:
230:
176:
171:
163:
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
118:
106:
101:
89:
58:
19509:Ethnic groups in Uruguay
19484:Ethnic groups in Ireland
19479:Ethnic groups in Iceland
17665:DĂĄl nAraidi in Tuaiscirt
15966:Echthighern mac Cennétig
15941:FlannĂĄn mac Toirrdelbaig
15414:List of kings of Munster
14647:List of kings of Munster
14597:List of Kings of Munster
14587:Ăoganacht Airthir Cliach
12631:Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe
12616:RTĂ RaidiĂł na Gaeltachta
12408:Gaeltacht Corca Dhuibhne
11872:Ancient Celtic languages
9608:Gaelic Christian mission
9064:O'Leary, Philip (2004).
8936:Newton, Michael (2009).
8917:Newton, Michael (2000).
8700:Harbison, Peter (1999).
8575:Coogan, Tim Pat (2013).
8556:Connolly, S. J. (2010).
8537:Connolly, S. J. (2009).
8480:Canny, Nicholas (2001).
7989:Newton, Michael (2000).
7937:Szasz, Margaret (2007).
6281:www.alastairmcintosh.com
6068:for this time period at
5977:
5560:RTĂ RaidiĂł na Gaeltachta
4574:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
4393:(not least the roles of
4013:prince (the grandson of
3266:Na Fineachan GĂ idhealach
3112:Using the Munster-based
2983:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
2917:
2707:
2698:Gofraidh Fionn Ă DĂĄlaigh
2499:, the Gaels were called
2040:Ancient Iranian religion
1403:Novotitarovskaya culture
1250:Indo-European migrations
30:Not to be confused with
19489:Ethnic groups in Mexico
19474:Ethnic groups in Canada
19384:Prostitution (Republic)
17776:List of kings of Ulster
16706:MĂĄel MĂłrda mac Murchada
16245:monarchs of DĂ©isi Muman
16214:Contention of the Bards
16015:Cogad GĂĄedel re Gallaib
15951:Mathgamain mac Cennétig
15434:List of kings of Ulster
15273:Togail Bruidne DĂĄ Derga
15156:Ăengus Tuirmech Temrach
14382:Fedelmid mac Crimthainn
13377:Ăengus Tuirmech Temrach
12601:CoimisiĂșn na Gaeltachta
12557:An CheathrĂș Ghaeltachta
12497:Gaeltacht Chontae na MĂ
12143:Gaulish words in French
12128:Celtic words in English
10382:Scottish New Zealanders
10272:Anglo-Celtic Australian
9878:Yn Ăheshaght Ghailckagh
9438:Jacobite rising of 1745
9191:Tanner, Marcus (2006).
9172:Richards, Eric (1999).
8898:McLeod, Wilson (2004).
8782:Leerssen, Joep (1997).
8704:. Thames & Hudson.
8501:Early Christian Ireland
8326:10.1023/A:1021949701139
8251:Lynch, Michael (2007).
7814:"John Scottus Eriugena"
7672:Foster, Robert (2001).
7389:29 October 2008 at the
7120:10.1002/(ISSN)1096-8644
6677:"Were the Scots Irish?"
6675:Campbell, Ewan (2001).
5917:Normanised that country
5887:Eastern Orthodox Church
5612:Ancient Celtic religion
5583:Gaelic medium education
4807:and the arrival of the
4797:Cogad GĂĄedel re Gallaib
4557:and others. Learned in
4474:and later known as the
4407:Christianity in Ireland
4214:Ăengus Tuirmech Temrach
4106:Protohistory of Ireland
4009:. He is described as a
2985:and other figures from
2540:
2519:name for the Gaels was
2509:. Other terms, such as
1541:Northern/Eastern Steppe
18253:List of Irish kingdoms
16862:Follow Me up to Carlow
15986:Muirchertach Ua Briain
15961:Cuiduligh mac Cennétig
15231:Comgall mac Domangairt
13422:Feradach Finnfechtnach
12692:Gaeltacht service town
12547:Irish language network
12537:
12496:
12453:
12423:
12413:Gaeltacht UĂbh RĂĄthach
12393:
12355:
12306:Gaeltacht na Gaillimhe
12305:
12253:Gaeltacht ThĂr Conaill
12252:
12232:
11077:Early Irish literature
10958:
10946:
10934:
10922:
10910:
10898:
10362:Scotch-Irish Canadians
10357:Scotch-Irish Americans
9248:Watson, Moray (2010).
9229:Welch, Robert (1992).
9153:Rankin, David (2002).
9004:O'Duffy, SĂ©an (2005).
8858:Macleod, John (1997).
8763:Koch, John T. (2004).
8738:Koch, John T. (2003).
8662:Gibbons, Luke (2004).
8638:. Palgrave Macmillan.
8594:Crowley, Tony (2008).
8579:. Palgrave Macmillan.
8522:. Canongate Classics.
8425:. Ashgate Publishing.
8381:Bateman, Mary (2007).
7922:Ellis, Steven (2014).
7872:Taylor, Alice (2016).
6748:Foster, S. M. (2014).
5952:Presbyterian Campbells
5903:(claiming to gift the
5826:
5624:
5594:BBC Radio nan GĂ idheal
5531:
5518:An CaighdeĂĄn OifigiĂșil
5326:Indo-European language
5313:
5230:), social gatherings (
5096:enthusiasm for the re-
5013:Irish Gaelic alliance
4939:
4923:
4888:as part of Scotland's
4830:
4805:Synod of RĂĄth Breasail
4620:
4522:
4361:
4153:royal ceremonial sites
4125:
3992:
3864:Christian missionaries
3823:
3479:and more specifically
3286:
3227:Plantations of Ireland
3082:
2928:
2828:of Irish tradition by
2806:in his second century
2731:
2702:Chief Ollam of Ireland
2692:, were referred to as
2012:Religion and mythology
1971:Medieval Scandinavians
1262:Alternative and fringe
512:colonizing Gaelic land
358:
345:
332:
127:1,873,997 (linguistic)
81:
71:
61:
43:BBC Radio nan GĂ idheal
19534:Indo-European peoples
19360:Mass media (Republic)
19304:National coat of arms
18192:IRA Northern Campaign
17670:DĂĄl nAraidi Magh Line
17410:Rudraige mac Sithrigi
16711:Diarmait Mac Murchada
16235:High Kings of Ireland
15981:Toirdelbach Ua Briain
15399:Chattan Confederation
15221:GabrĂĄn mac Domangairt
15176:Conganchnes mac Dedad
14407:Finghin Mac CĂĄrthaigh
14392:Cormac mac CuilennĂĄin
14347:Ăengus mac Nad FroĂch
13899:EĂłganacht Glendamnach
13834:MacCarthy Mor dynasty
13502:RuaidrĂ Ua Conchobair
12657:An Coimisinéir Teanga
12641:Muintir na Gaeltachta
12611:Saor RaidiĂł Chonamara
11704:Scottish independence
11449:Celtic Media Festival
11332:National music scenes
10558:Proto-Celtic religion
10260:Related ethnic groups
9913:An Coimisinéir Teanga
9873:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
9578:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
9267:Woolfe, Alex (2007).
9193:The Last of the Celts
8921:. Four Courts Press.
8653:Denvir, John (1892).
8613:Doyle, Aidan (2015).
8446:. Four Courts Press.
6322:10.3366/nor.2017.0125
6062:Were the Scots Irish?
6058:University of Glasgow
5864:Diarmait mac Cerbaill
5817:
5627:The traditional, or "
5619:
5485:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
5440:. As far back as the
5367:âancestral to modern
5302:
5081:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
4997:, culminating in the
4983:surrender and regrant
4971:Henry VIII of England
4929:
4921:
4847:Diarmait Mac Murchada
4825:
4732:Cerball mac MuirecĂĄin
4614:
4512:
4326:
4117:
4045:, before arriving in
3977:
3850:(eventually founding
3818:
3331:Leabhar na nGenealach
3280:
3253:since the 1940s. The
3237:. As a result of the
3210:in the Hebrides; the
3138:Irish Gaelic surnames
3068:
2925:
2715:
2638:level with Old Irish
2362:Indo-European studies
1725:Peoples and societies
479:In the 12th century,
368:ethnolinguistic group
256:Related ethnic groups
114:(linguistic grouping)
39:Gael (disambiguation)
19282:County coats of arms
19174:List of Irish people
18248:List of Irish tribes
18098:Cromwellian conquest
18084:Plantation of Ulster
18015:Ireland (since 1922)
17781:Kings of DĂĄl nAraidi
17635:Conaille Muirtheimne
17495:Fiachnae mac BĂĄetĂĄin
16716:Fiach McHugh O'Byrne
16631:Labhraidh Loingseach
16394:MacMurrough Kavanagh
16179:Dal Fiachrach Suighe
16032:Ballinalacken Castle
15946:Cennétig mac Lorcåin
15931:MainchĂn of Limerick
15128:Conaille Muirtheimne
14577:Annals of Inisfallen
14402:Cormac Mac CĂĄrthaigh
14387:Ălchobar mac CinĂĄeda
14357:FĂngen mac Ăedo Duib
14322:Crimthann mac Fidaig
13917:EĂłganacht Locha LĂ©in
13659:Dal Fiachrach Suighe
12591:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
12028:(Medieval Welsh law)
11638:Scottish nationalism
11288:Ancient Celtic music
10603:Romano-Celtic temple
10412:Welsh New Zealanders
10337:Irish New Zealanders
9962:Kingdom of the Isles
9883:Seachtain na Gaeilge
9848:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
9603:Insular Christianity
9418:Plantation of Ulster
9383:High King of Ireland
8102:. BBC. 21 July 2015.
8026:on 6 September 2015.
7887:Duffy, SeĂĄn (2002).
7757:Duffy, SeĂĄn (2005).
6546:. 13 November 2012.
6415:Woolf, Alex (2007).
6355:8 March 2021 at the
6060:with his 2001 paper
6005:constituency country
5966:The adoption of the
5875:Bernard of Clairvaux
5829:The Gaels underwent
5544:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
5476:Charles Owen O'Conor
5442:Statutes of Kilkenny
5438:endangered languages
5350:Celtiberian language
5164:. When a man became
5127:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
5019:Plantation of Ulster
4913:Statutes of Kilkenny
4721:Battle of Brunanburh
4688:Kingdom of the Isles
4535:Christian missionary
4504:High King of Ireland
4416:In the Middle Ages,
4330:in the 5th century.
4293:. To the north, the
4265:, together with the
4102:Prehistoric Scotland
4049:, where their king,
3463:as well as Counties
1269:Anatolian hypothesis
1221:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1128:Hittite inscriptions
673:Indo-European topics
337:[nÌȘË ÉËÉĄeËlÊČ]
135:122,518 (linguistic)
19397:in Northern Ireland
19388:in Northern Ireland
19129:Legendary creatures
19042:Traditional singing
18878:Saint Patrick's Day
18513:Republic of Ireland
18442:Tourist attractions
18427:ROI–UK border
18412:of Northern Ireland
18365:in Northern Ireland
18197:IRA Border Campaign
18172:War of Independence
18142:Second Great Famine
18127:Act of Union (1800)
18079:Flight of the Earls
17936:Lordship of Ireland
17871:Republic of Ireland
17630:CineĂĄl Fhaghartaigh
17551:Compert Con Culainn
17440:Fedelm NoĂchrothach
17430:Conchobar mac Nessa
17415:Congal ClĂĄiringnech
17380:Ailill mac SlĂĄnuill
16846:Kingdom of Leinster
16701:Augaire mac Ailella
16691:Crimthann mac Ănnai
16676:Conchobar Abradruad
16250:monarchs of Thomond
16174:Cycles of the Kings
16057:Craggaunowen Castle
15976:Donnchad mac Briain
15216:Fergus MĂłr mac Eirc
14547:Cycles of the Kings
14397:MĂĄel Muad mac Brain
14377:Ăengus mac Fergusso
14372:Cathal mac Finguine
13960:EĂłganacht Raithlind
13744:Flight of the Earls
12455:Gaeltacht na nDĂ©ise
12277:Cloch Cheann Fhaola
11718:Irish republicanism
11699:Breton independence
11678:Scottish devolution
11611:Cornish nationalism
11434:Pan Celtic Festival
11308:Scottish folk music
11062:Scottish literature
10583:Celtic Christianity
10387:Scottish Travellers
10372:Scottish Argentines
10216:Scottish Travellers
9458:Highland Clearances
9413:Flight of the Earls
9312:The Columba Project
7853:on 31 December 2019
7580:on 11 February 2015
7545:on 8 February 2015.
7462:on 12 February 2020
7114:. 26 January 2015.
7086:. 26 January 2015.
7063:on 11 February 2015
6807:. 13 February 2015.
6787:. 13 February 2015.
6626:. 6 November 2012.
6049:Annals of Tigernach
6043:Senchus fer n-Alban
5956:Catholic MacDonalds
5913:strongly encouraged
5911:") and in Scotland
5868:Gaelic Christianity
5810:Gaelic Christianity
5708:Acallam na SenĂłrach
5643:and focused on the
5641:ancestor venerating
5579:Scottish Government
5577:under the devolved
5571:, establishing the
5346:P-Celtic hypothesis
5338:Brythonic languages
5305:Auraicept na n-Ăces
5046:Highland Clearances
5006:Union of the Crowns
4890:war against England
4867:Davidian Revolution
4855:Lordship of Ireland
4851:Henry II of England
4699:Bruide mac Der-Ilei
4098:Prehistoric Ireland
3948:minority among the
3559:United Kingdom and
3390:lactase persistence
3344:non-paternity event
3042:(meaning "Irish").
2648:Proto-Indo-European
1525:Multi-cordoned ware
1396:Mikhaylovka culture
1284:Indigenous Aryanism
1274:Armenian hypothesis
1133:Hieroglyphic Luwian
448:, small numbers of
442:Celtic Christianity
350:[nÉËkÉË.al]
143:27,475 (linguistic)
55:
19434:Ireland portal
18752:Skirts and kidneys
18258:List of High Kings
18177:Anglo-Irish Treaty
18117:First Great Famine
18102:Settlement of 1652
18074:Tyrone's Rebellion
18064:Desmond Rebellions
17953:Kingdom of Ireland
17609:Caherballykinvarga
17520:Finnian of Clonard
17455:Cormac Cond Longas
17370:FĂachu Findoilches
16826:Mythological Cycle
16661:Fionn mac Cumhaill
16646:Crimthann Coscrach
16042:Ballyhannon Castle
15936:Mo Lua of Killaloe
15506:Kindreds and septs
15246:BĂĄetĂĄn mac Cairill
15236:Muiredach Muinderg
15206:Lugaid mac Con RoĂ
14612:Kingdom of Desmond
14453:Kingdom of Desmond
14044:O'Mingane (Mongan)
13852:MacCarthy Muskerry
13843:MacCarthy Duhallow
13749:O'Neill's Regiment
13417:Crimthann Nia NĂĄir
12687:Gaeltacht Act 2012
12667:Conradh na Gaeilge
12345:Ceantar na nOileĂĄn
12335:DĂșiche Sheoigheach
11709:Welsh independence
11673:Cornish devolution
11594:Breton nationalism
11444:Celtic Connections
11047:Cornish literature
10392:Ulster Protestants
10377:Scottish Canadians
10367:Scottish Americans
10277:Anglo-Irish people
9957:Kingdom of Munster
9898:Comunn na GĂ idhlig
9868:Conradh na Gaeilge
9505:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
9089:. De Burca Books.
8138:. 9 September 2014
7293:Moffat, Alistair.
7037:on 8 February 2015
6955:. 26 January 2015.
6949:"EoÂŽganacht septs"
6664:. 26 January 2015.
6606:. 6 November 2012.
6478:. 6 November 2012.
6458:. 6 November 2012.
5972:Disruption of 1843
5954:and the generally
5948:staunchly Catholic
5827:
5782:(Plain of Joy) or
5690:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
5653:Fionn mac Cumhaill
5625:
5622:Fionn mac Cumhaill
5467:Conradh na Gaeilge
5314:
5075:Conradh na Gaeilge
5058:Cape Breton Island
5004:In 1603, with the
4979:conquer the island
4940:
4924:
4902:Battle of Faughart
4863:Gregorian "reform"
4831:
4725:Kingdom of England
4621:
4523:
4362:
4237:ogham inscriptions
4134:Bell Beaker people
4126:
4002:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
3993:
3824:
3481:Cape Breton Island
3287:
3251:Chiefs of the Name
3249:recognised Gaelic
3091:or, in Ireland, a
3083:
2946:Scottish Highlands
2929:
2776:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
2732:
2602:Gaoidheil/Gaoidhil
2594:Early Modern Irish
2577:; due to his work
1105:Proto-Indo-Iranian
1091:Proto-Balto-Slavic
1072:Proto-Italo-Celtic
610:highly influential
492:Scottish Highlands
386:: a branch of the
270:Gaelicised Normans
159:2,717 (linguistic)
151:9,000 (linguistic)
53:
19441:
19440:
19419:
19418:
19415:
19414:
18826:
18825:
18717:Bacon and cabbage
18669:
18668:
18665:
18664:
18536:Foreign relations
18459:
18458:
18455:
18454:
18386:Notable buildings
18280:
18279:
18276:
18275:
17820:
17819:
17814:
17813:
17505:Fergus mac ĂedĂĄin
17465:Amergin mac Eccit
17328:
17327:
17286:O'Conor Corcomroe
17255:O'Kieran (Kearns)
17241:
17240:
17052:
17051:
16871:
16870:
16609:
16608:
16573:
16572:
16560:UĂ Crimthainn Ăin
16276:
16275:
16209:Kingdom of Ormond
15911:DeclĂĄn of Ardmore
15901:Fedlimid Rechtmar
15889:
15888:
15857:
15856:
15465:
15464:
15256:Niall mac Eochada
15251:CinĂĄed mac AilpĂn
15144:
15143:
14678:
14677:
14592:EĂłganacht Ninussa
14438:Garranes Ringfort
14332:Corc mac Luigdech
14317:Fiachu Muillethan
14270:
14269:
14093:
14092:
13826:EĂłganacht Chaisil
13775:
13774:
13497:CrĂnĂĄn of Dunkeld
13462:Cairbre Lifechair
13437:Fedlimid Rechtmar
13412:Lugaid Riab nDerg
13365:
13364:
13175:
13174:
13112:
13111:
12972:
12971:
12725:
12724:
12596:Gaeltarra Ăireann
12579:
12578:
12575:
12574:
12524:
12523:
12483:
12482:
12378:
12377:
12290:
12289:
12282:Gaeltacht an LĂĄir
12190:
12189:
12166:
12165:
12098:
12097:
11990:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11949:Cisalpine Gaulish
11769:
11768:
11655:national identity
11650:Welsh nationalism
11643:national identity
11623:Irish nationalism
11571:
11570:
11567:
11566:
11504:Cornish wrestling
11372:
11371:
11293:Breton Folk music
11258:Regional cultures
11101:National cultures
11087:Gaelic literature
11042:Breton literature
11003:
11002:
10999:
10998:
10995:
10994:
10783:
10782:
10695:Chief of the Name
10563:Celtic polytheism
10480:Sub-Roman Britain
10420:
10419:
10307:Irish Australians
10287:Cornish Americans
10246:Scottish diaspora
9993:
9992:
9928:Haplogroup R-M269
9819:
9818:
9815:
9814:
9568:Gaelic folk music
9531:Gaelic literature
9138:. Garland Press.
9049:. Boydell Press.
8890:978-0-517-06408-5
7975:978-0-19-953970-3
7210:on 24 August 2012
6819:"What is a Clan?"
6561:978-0-19-860967-4
6369:Follett, Wesley.
6310:Northern Scotland
6017:England and Wales
5895:Latin Christendom
5472:the Gaelic League
5216:Gaelic literature
5112:MĂĄirtĂn Ă Cadhain
5010:James of Scotland
4875:Scottish Lowlands
4533:as part of their
4226:Niall NoĂgĂallach
3811:Scottish diaspora
3798:
3797:
3759:
3751:
3745:
3719:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3654:
3633:
3625:
3619:
3611:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3534:
3528:
3455:in Scotland, and
3386:Haplogroup R-M269
3295:genetic genealogy
3283:Haplogroup R-M269
3256:Finte na hĂireann
3126:EĂłganacht Chaisil
2852:writers, such as
2779:as a daughter of
2696:("foreigner") by
2596:, it was spelled
2575:Oxford University
2477:
2476:
1738:Anatolian peoples
1708:Painted Grey Ware
1596:Nordic Bronze Age
1245:Kurgan hypothesis
1198:Old Irish glosses
1163:Gaulish epigraphy
488:became Normanized
363:[nÉËÉĄeËl]
291:
290:
16:(Redirected from
19541:
19432:
19431:
19430:
19109:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
18697:
18696:
18688:
18687:
18675:
18674:
18610:Northern Ireland
18588:
18578:
18568:
18478:
18477:
18465:
18464:
18299:
18298:
18286:
18285:
18162:Home Rule crisis
17992:Northern Ireland
17905:
17904:
17892:
17891:
17879:Northern Ireland
17850:
17843:
17836:
17827:
17826:
17572:Annals of Ulster
17544:TĂĄin BĂł CĂșailnge
17537:Scéla Conchobair
17480:Tipraiti Tireach
17475:Mal mac Rochride
17435:Fergus mac RĂłich
17063:
17062:
16927:
16926:
16918:
16917:
16898:
16891:
16884:
16875:
16874:
16836:Book of Leinster
16783:Ros-Mhic-ThriĂșin
16686:Ănnae Cennsalach
16641:Fergus Fortamail
16578:DĂĄl Cairpre Arad
16330:
16329:
16323:
16322:
16303:
16296:
16289:
16280:
16279:
16266:
16265:
16240:kings of Munster
16184:Kingdom of Dyfed
16152:Related articles
16072:Knappogue Castle
16067:Dromoland Castle
16062:Doonagore Castle
15519:
15518:
15510:
15509:
15492:
15485:
15478:
15469:
15468:
15455:
15454:
15294:TĂĄin BĂł CĂșailnge
14725:
14724:
14705:
14698:
14691:
14682:
14681:
14668:
14667:
14252:O'Lehane (Lyons)
14104:
14103:
14002:O'Linchy (Lynch)
13869:O'Sullivan Beare
13822:
13821:
13802:
13795:
13788:
13779:
13778:
13765:
13764:
13570:Mongavlin Castle
13524:Finn and GrĂĄinne
13482:Eochaid Mugmedon
13472:Muiredach Tirech
13467:FĂacha Sroiptine
13432:TĂșathal Techtmar
13427:FĂachu Finnolach
13134:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
13125:
13124:
12985:
12984:
12794:
12793:
12785:
12784:
12765:
12758:
12751:
12742:
12741:
12729:
12728:
12717:Sean-nĂłs singing
12540:
12538:Nua-GhaeltachtaĂ
12533:
12532:
12499:
12492:
12491:
12458:
12426:
12396:
12389:
12388:
12358:
12308:
12301:
12300:
12255:
12248:
12247:
12239:
12238:
12235:
12217:
12210:
12203:
12194:
12193:
12183:
12104:
12103:
11996:
11995:
11978:Galwegian Gaelic
11877:
11876:
11775:
11774:
11683:Welsh devolution
11577:
11576:
11329:
11328:
11318:Sean-nĂłs singing
11313:Welsh folk music
11303:Irish folk music
11270:Highland culture
11052:Irish literature
11032:Arthurian Legend
11020:
11019:
11009:
11008:
10961:
10949:
10937:
10925:
10913:
10901:
10881:
10880:
10872:
10871:
10849:Neo-Christianity
10789:
10788:
10720:Gaelic astrology
10680:Celtic festivals
10578:Celtic mythology
10551:Ancient religion
10468:Iron Age Britain
10435:
10434:
10428:
10407:Welsh Argentines
10347:Irish Uruguayans
10342:Irish Travellers
10312:Irish Brazilians
10302:Irish Argentines
10282:Breton Americans
10236:Cornish diaspora
10198:Irish Travellers
10072:
10071:
10064:Celtic languages
10020:
10013:
10006:
9997:
9996:
9983:
9982:
9921:Related subjects
9908:Clans of Ireland
9858:BĂČrd na GĂ idhlig
9853:Foras na Gaeilge
9717:
9716:
9701:Medical families
9677:
9676:
9648:Classical Gaelic
9573:Sean-nĂłs singing
9516:Gaelic astrology
9499:Gaelic mythology
9408:Statutes of Iona
9352:
9345:
9338:
9329:
9328:
9300:BĂČrd na GĂ idhlig
9294:Foras na Gaeilge
9282:
9263:
9244:
9225:
9206:
9187:
9168:
9149:
9128:
9109:
9100:
9079:
9060:
9041:
9030:
9019:
9000:
8981:
8970:
8951:
8932:
8913:
8894:
8873:
8854:
8835:
8816:
8797:
8778:
8759:
8734:
8723:. Dolmen Press.
8715:
8696:
8677:
8658:
8649:
8628:
8609:
8590:
8571:
8552:
8533:
8514:
8495:
8476:
8457:
8436:
8417:
8396:
8377:
8346:
8345:
8309:
8303:
8302:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8228:
8222:
8216:
8215:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8143:
8128:
8122:
8121:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8034:
8028:
8027:
8016:
8010:
8009:
8001:
7995:
7994:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7934:
7928:
7927:
7919:
7910:
7909:
7902:
7893:
7892:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7820:. 28 March 2015.
7810:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7784:
7775:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7713:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7679:
7669:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7640:
7634:
7628:
7622:
7609:
7603:
7596:
7590:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7570:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7518:
7511:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7481:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7467:
7452:
7443:
7442:
7441:on 7 March 2015.
7431:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7415:on 31 March 2017
7414:
7407:
7399:
7393:
7379:
7373:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7335:
7326:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7267:. Archived from
7266:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7241:
7234:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7200:
7194:
7193:
7192:on 3 March 2016.
7182:
7176:
7175:
7165:
7155:
7130:
7124:
7123:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7009:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6945:
6939:
6938:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6885:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6863:
6857:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6830:
6823:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6775:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6696:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6619:
6608:
6607:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6577:
6566:
6565:
6544:Oxford Reference
6536:
6530:
6524:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6507:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6466:
6460:
6459:
6446:
6437:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6366:
6360:
6347:
6334:
6333:
6307:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6187:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6162:
6151:
6145:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6090:
6073:
6030:
6024:
6001:
5995:
5988:
5891:Gregorian Reform
5843:Christian Church
5831:Christianisation
5800:(voyage) tales.
5794:(adventure) and
5776:, also known as
5766:Hill of Uisneach
5720:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
5702:TĂĄin BĂł CĂșailnge
5677:culture was oral
5574:BĂČrd na GĂ idhlig
5536:
5506:rather than the
5473:
5455:English language
5448:in 1609 and the
5446:Statutes of Iona
5424:
5415:
5362:
5354:Gaulish language
5322:Celtic languages
5320:are part of the
5318:Gaelic languages
5286:Highland English
5278:Scottish English
5270:Gaelic languages
5228:Highland dancing
5194:, maintained by
5090:Irish Free State
5086:Irish Revolution
5060:in Nova Scotia.
5038:The Great Hunger
5023:Statutes of Iona
4898:Robert the Bruce
4892:. It was led by
4768:CellachĂĄn Caisil
4744:Ragnall ua Ămair
4709:Kenneth MacAlpin
4693:The monarchy of
4470:(descended from
4354:
4344:
4334:
4315:Medieval Ireland
4279:Kingdom of Dyfed
4202:Conn CĂ©tchathach
4186:TĂșathal Techtmar
4070:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
4019:Gaelic languages
3757:
3749:
3743:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3695:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3652:
3631:
3623:
3617:
3609:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3532:
3526:
3490:
3489:
3414:Gaelic languages
3375:Gaelic languages
3326:Gaelic genealogy
3261:Jacobite risings
3247:Irish Government
2989:culture and the
2979:Great Conspiracy
2890:Geoffrey Keating
2880:, and the Gaels
2823:
2802:, in particular
2785:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
2762:, which is from
2631:Book of Llandaff
2567:Celtic languages
2547:English language
2469:
2462:
2455:
2310:
2303:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2158:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2078:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1868:Germanic peoples
1858:Hellenic peoples
1847:
1840:
1833:
1756:Mycenaean Greeks
1745:
1673:Thraco-Cimmerian
1571:Globular Amphora
1548:Abashevo culture
1487:
1480:
1450:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1193:Tocharian script
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
814:
800:
793:
786:
772:
748:
741:
722:
683:
660:
659:
508:Statutes of Iona
470:several kingdoms
388:Celtic languages
384:Gaelic languages
365:
352:
339:
324:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
305:
219:also non-Gaelic
178:Gaelic languages
167:670 (linguistic)
111:2.1 million
109:
102:Total population
94:
84:
74:
64:
56:
52:
21:
19549:
19548:
19544:
19543:
19542:
19540:
19539:
19538:
19444:
19443:
19442:
19437:
19428:
19426:
19411:
19379:outside Ireland
19350:Historic houses
19318:
19299:Irish Wolfhound
19270:Brighid's Cross
19256:
19227:Gaelic handball
19222:Gaelic football
19193:
19164:Hiberno-Normans
19133:
19046:
18994:
18949:
18930:Hiberno-English
18916:
18861:
18822:
18776:
18682:
18661:
18604:
18586:
18576:
18566:
18507:
18498:Ulster loyalism
18472:
18451:
18369:
18293:
18272:
18231:
18157:Dublin lock-out
18093:Confederate War
18044:Norman invasion
18031:Battles of Tara
18019:
17975:1801–1923
17963:1691–1800
17958:1536–1691
17946:1169–1536
17899:
17886:
17862:
17854:
17823:
17821:
17816:
17815:
17810:
17786:Guinness family
17738:Clanna Rudraige
17725:
17719:
17613:
17577:
17524:
17425:Fachtna FĂĄthach
17420:Bresal BĂł-DĂbad
17385:Finn mac Blatha
17365:GĂ©de Ollgothach
17324:
17272:
17237:
17217:
17196:
17190:
17099:
17097:
17091:
17067:ConmhaĂcne Mara
17048:
17008:
16958:
16913:
16907:
16902:
16872:
16867:
16798:
16792:
16751:
16725:
16696:Ăed mac Colggen
16605:
16593:DĂĄl Messin Corb
16587:
16569:
16555:
16539:
16496:
16438:
16386:UĂ Cheinnselaig
16380:
16349:
16318:
16312:
16307:
16277:
16272:
16254:
16223:
16147:
16086:
16077:Leamaneh Castle
16047:Bunratty Castle
16037:Ballycar Castle
16020:
15995:
15971:Tadc mac Briain
15926:Ăte of Killeedy
15885:
15853:
15800:
15764:Cineal Fearmaic
15759:
15665:
15514:DĂ©isi Tuisceart
15501:
15496:
15466:
15461:
15443:
15424:Scottish Gaelic
15331:
15325:
15299:
15260:
15185:DĂĄire Doimthech
15181:DĂĄire mac Dedad
15140:
15122:
15039:
14936:
14903:
14877:
14849:
14796:
14720:
14714:
14709:
14679:
14674:
14656:
14627:Cenél Cerdraige
14582:Book of Munster
14514:
14508:
14477:
14411:
14266:
14233:
14212:MacCarthy Reagh
14185:
14099:
14089:
14050:
13954:
13911:
13893:
13847:MacCarthy Reagh
13817:
13811:
13806:
13776:
13771:
13753:
13621:
13615:
13584:
13575:Tullyhogue Fort
13543:
13511:
13492:Columba of Iona
13452:Cormac mac Airt
13361:
13278:
13171:
13132:
13119:
13108:
13030:
13023:
12990:
12979:
12968:
12900:
12821:Murtagh O'Conor
12780:
12774:
12769:
12734:
12726:
12721:
12645:
12571:
12520:
12479:
12475:An tSean Phobal
12470:Rinn Ă gCuanach
12447:
12417:
12374:
12349:
12286:
12226:
12221:
12191:
12186:
12162:
12109:
12094:
12036:
12032:Early Scots law
12021:Early Irish law
12007:
11982:
11959:Scottish Gaelic
11953:
11894:Proto-Brittonic
11866:
11862:Beurla Reagaird
11838:
11834:Scottish Gaelic
11810:
11782:
11765:
11761:Columba Project
11741:Celtic Congress
11722:
11687:
11661:
11582:
11563:
11524:Gaelic handball
11514:Gaelic football
11499:Cornish hurling
11458:
11368:
11327:
11274:
11253:
11239:Gaelic clothing
11222:
11137:
11096:
11057:Manx literature
11014:
10991:
10970:Other claimants
10965:
10870:
10820:Celtic Congress
10796:
10779:
10675:Celtic calendar
10653:
10612:
10546:
10442:
10429:
10416:
10402:Welsh Americans
10322:Irish Catholics
10317:Irish Canadians
10297:Irish Americans
10255:
10229:Celtic diaspora
10224:
10158:
10087:
10079:
10066:
10033:
10024:
9994:
9989:
9971:
9916:
9903:Columba Project
9841:
9835:
9811:
9715:
9668:
9664:Scottish Gaelic
9627:Primitive Irish
9612:
9543:Scottish Gaelic
9477:
9403:Nine Years' War
9366:General history
9361:
9356:
9290:
9285:
9279:
9260:
9241:
9222:
9203:
9184:
9165:
9146:
9125:
9097:
9076:
9057:
9016:
8997:
8967:
8948:
8929:
8910:
8891:
8870:
8851:
8832:
8813:
8794:
8775:
8731:
8712:
8693:
8674:
8666:. Alren House.
8646:
8625:
8606:
8587:
8568:
8549:
8530:
8511:
8492:
8473:
8454:
8433:
8414:
8393:
8374:
8355:
8350:
8349:
8310:
8306:
8299:
8283:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8265:
8249:
8245:
8236:
8235:
8231:
8223:
8219:
8210:
8209:
8205:
8200:. 21 July 2015.
8198:Huffington Post
8192:
8191:
8187:
8179:
8175:
8167:
8163:
8155:
8151:
8141:
8139:
8130:
8129:
8125:
8120:. 21 July 2015.
8112:
8111:
8107:
8098:
8097:
8093:
8085:
8081:
8076:. 21 July 2015.
8068:
8067:
8063:
8054:
8053:
8049:
8044:. 21 July 2015.
8036:
8035:
8031:
8018:
8017:
8013:
8002:
7998:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7950:
7946:
7935:
7931:
7920:
7913:
7904:
7903:
7896:
7885:
7881:
7870:
7866:
7856:
7854:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7829:
7825:
7812:
7811:
7807:
7799:
7795:
7786:
7785:
7778:
7770:
7766:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7728:
7724:
7715:
7714:
7701:
7693:
7689:
7670:
7661:
7653:
7649:
7641:
7637:
7629:
7625:
7610:
7606:
7597:
7593:
7583:
7581:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7559:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7522:
7520:
7519:on 14 July 2014
7516:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7490:
7488:
7483:
7482:
7475:
7465:
7463:
7454:
7453:
7446:
7433:
7432:
7428:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7405:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7391:Wayback Machine
7380:
7376:
7371:Wayback Machine
7362:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7337:
7336:
7329:
7313:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7291:
7287:
7277:
7275:
7274:on 4 March 2016
7271:
7264:
7260:
7259:
7255:
7245:
7243:
7242:on 4 March 2016
7239:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7213:
7211:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7146:(1): e1000285.
7131:
7127:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7016:
7012:
7004:
7000:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6964:
6960:
6953:Family Tree DNA
6947:
6946:
6942:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6920:
6916:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6872:
6870:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6848:
6844:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6777:
6776:
6769:
6765:, p. 1571.
6761:
6757:
6746:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6729:on 2 April 2019
6715:
6714:
6710:
6687:(75): 285â292.
6673:
6669:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6643:
6639:
6624:T. F. O'Rahilly
6621:
6620:
6611:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6579:
6578:
6569:
6562:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6525:
6516:
6505:
6503:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6432:
6428:
6413:
6409:
6400:
6399:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6367:
6363:
6357:Wayback Machine
6348:
6337:
6305:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6283:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6260:
6258:
6249:
6245:
6202:
6198:
6189:
6188:
6181:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6163:
6154:
6146:
6135:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6103:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6076:
6034:Gaelic Scotland
6031:
6027:
6002:
5998:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5960:Presbyterianism
5940:Anglican Church
5915:king David who
5909:Lord of Ireland
5905:King of England
5883:Catholic Church
5812:
5806:
5768:. Although the
5657:Gaelic calendar
5614:
5608:
5603:
5504:William Wallace
5434:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5417:
5416:
5405:
5373:Scottish Gaelic
5297:
5292:
5282:Hiberno-English
5266:
5254:Main articles:
5252:
5154:
5146:Main articles:
5144:
5066:
4999:Nine Years' War
4991:Anglican Church
4955:
4945:
4859:Gerald of Wales
4717:Kingdom of Alba
4658:, known as the
4625:Icelandic sagas
4570:Frankish Empire
4360:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4321:
4313:Main articles:
4311:
4112:
4094:
4082:Song of Amergin
3972:
3967:
3946:Gaelic-speaking
3942:Gaelic diaspora
3868:Frankish Empire
3813:
3805:Main articles:
3803:
3473:Canadian Gaelic
3418:ethnic identity
3410:
3348:Family Tree DNA
3275:
3243:Irish genealogy
3063:
3055:Main articles:
3053:
3048:
3006:Kingdom of Alba
2992:Schottenkloster
2967:and lastly the
2941:foundation myth
2920:
2864:, derived from
2848:and DĂĄl Riata.
2830:T. F. O'Rahilly
2710:
2608:(singular) and
2600:(singular) and
2543:
2473:
2444:
2443:
2376:Marija Gimbutas
2364:
2354:
2353:
2345:Winter solstice
2335:Horse sacrifice
2306:
2299:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2182:
2167:
2154:
2140:
2133:
2119:
2110:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2044:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1947:
1934:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1718:
1717:
1691:
1668:
1655:
1643:
1624:
1566:
1543:
1505:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1465:Northern Europe
1446:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1348:Steppe cultures
1321:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1289:Baltic homeland
1263:
1259:
1255:Eurasian nomads
1239:
1235:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1173:Runic epigraphy
1168:Latin epigraphy
1123:
1115:
1114:
1052:Proto-Anatolian
1036:
991:
987:Thraco-Illyrian
972:Graeco-Phrygian
962:Graeco-Armenian
957:Graeco-Albanian
936:
914:
901:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
810:
796:
789:
782:
768:
744:
737:
718:
703:
695:
693:
658:
598:Irish mythology
521:and Scotland's
500:English control
468:was made up of
462:Kingdom of Alba
409:, extending to
400:Scottish Gaelic
342:Scottish Gaelic
322:
302:
298:
218:
215:Beurla Reagaird
191:Scottish Gaelic
180:
113:
97:
85:
51:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19547:
19537:
19536:
19531:
19526:
19521:
19516:
19511:
19506:
19501:
19496:
19491:
19486:
19481:
19476:
19471:
19466:
19461:
19456:
19439:
19438:
19424:
19421:
19420:
19417:
19416:
19413:
19412:
19410:
19409:
19404:
19399:
19390:
19381:
19372:
19367:
19362:
19357:
19352:
19347:
19345:Heritage Sites
19342:
19337:
19332:
19326:
19324:
19320:
19319:
19317:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19301:
19296:
19295:
19294:
19284:
19279:
19272:
19266:
19264:
19258:
19257:
19255:
19254:
19249:
19244:
19239:
19234:
19229:
19224:
19219:
19214:
19209:
19203:
19201:
19195:
19194:
19192:
19191:
19186:
19181:
19176:
19171:
19169:Irish diaspora
19166:
19161:
19160:
19159:
19157:Gaelic Ireland
19149:
19143:
19141:
19135:
19134:
19132:
19131:
19126:
19119:
19112:
19105:
19098:
19091:
19084:
19083:
19082:
19077:
19072:
19067:
19056:
19054:
19048:
19047:
19045:
19044:
19039:
19034:
19029:
19028:
19027:
19017:
19010:
19004:
19002:
18996:
18995:
18993:
18992:
18987:
18982:
18977:
18970:
18965:
18959:
18957:
18951:
18950:
18948:
18947:
18942:
18937:
18932:
18926:
18924:
18918:
18917:
18915:
18914:
18909:
18900:
18898:Rose of Tralee
18895:
18890:
18885:
18880:
18875:
18869:
18867:
18863:
18862:
18860:
18859:
18854:
18849:
18842:
18836:
18834:
18828:
18827:
18824:
18823:
18821:
18820:
18815:
18810:
18805:
18800:
18795:
18790:
18784:
18782:
18778:
18777:
18775:
18774:
18769:
18764:
18759:
18754:
18749:
18744:
18739:
18734:
18729:
18724:
18719:
18714:
18709:
18707:List of dishes
18703:
18701:
18694:
18684:
18683:
18671:
18670:
18667:
18666:
18663:
18662:
18660:
18659:
18654:
18649:
18648:
18647:
18637:
18632:
18627:
18626:
18625:
18623:D'Hondt method
18614:
18612:
18606:
18605:
18603:
18602:
18597:
18596:
18595:
18590:
18584:Seanad Ăireann
18580:
18560:
18555:
18550:
18549:
18548:
18538:
18533:
18528:
18523:
18517:
18515:
18509:
18508:
18506:
18505:
18500:
18495:
18490:
18484:
18482:
18474:
18473:
18461:
18460:
18457:
18456:
18453:
18452:
18450:
18449:
18444:
18439:
18434:
18429:
18424:
18419:
18414:
18405:
18400:
18395:
18394:
18393:
18388:
18377:
18375:
18371:
18370:
18368:
18367:
18358:
18357:
18356:
18346:
18341:
18336:
18331:
18326:
18324:Extreme points
18321:
18316:
18314:Climate change
18311:
18305:
18303:
18295:
18294:
18282:
18281:
18278:
18277:
18274:
18273:
18271:
18270:
18265:
18260:
18255:
18250:
18245:
18239:
18237:
18233:
18232:
18230:
18229:
18224:
18219:
18214:
18209:
18204:
18199:
18194:
18189:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18149:
18144:
18139:
18134:
18132:1803 Rebellion
18129:
18124:
18122:1798 Rebellion
18119:
18114:
18109:
18107:Williamite War
18104:
18095:
18089:1641 Rebellion
18086:
18081:
18076:
18071:
18069:Spanish Armada
18066:
18061:
18059:Tudor conquest
18056:
18051:
18049:Bruce campaign
18046:
18041:
18027:
18025:
18021:
18020:
18018:
18017:
18012:
18007:
18006:
18005:
17995:
17994:(1921âpresent)
17989:
17984:
17982:Irish Republic
17979:
17978:
17977:
17967:
17966:
17965:
17960:
17950:
17949:
17948:
17943:
17941:800–1169
17932:Gaelic Ireland
17929:
17924:
17919:
17913:
17911:
17901:
17900:
17888:
17887:
17885:
17884:
17876:
17867:
17864:
17863:
17853:
17852:
17845:
17838:
17830:
17818:
17817:
17812:
17811:
17809:
17808:
17803:
17798:
17793:
17788:
17783:
17778:
17773:
17768:
17760:
17755:
17750:
17745:
17740:
17735:
17729:
17727:
17721:
17720:
17718:
17717:
17715:UĂ Dercco CĂ©in
17712:
17707:
17702:
17697:
17692:
17687:
17682:
17677:
17672:
17667:
17662:
17657:
17652:
17647:
17642:
17637:
17632:
17627:
17621:
17619:
17615:
17614:
17612:
17611:
17606:
17601:
17596:
17591:
17585:
17583:
17579:
17578:
17576:
17575:
17568:
17561:
17554:
17547:
17540:
17532:
17530:
17526:
17525:
17523:
17522:
17517:
17512:
17507:
17502:
17497:
17492:
17487:
17485:Fiacha Araidhe
17482:
17477:
17472:
17470:Conall Cernach
17467:
17462:
17457:
17452:
17447:
17442:
17437:
17432:
17427:
17422:
17417:
17412:
17407:
17402:
17397:
17392:
17387:
17382:
17377:
17372:
17367:
17362:
17357:
17352:
17347:
17342:
17336:
17334:
17330:
17329:
17326:
17325:
17323:
17322:
17317:
17312:
17309:
17306:
17301:
17298:
17293:
17288:
17282:
17280:
17274:
17273:
17271:
17270:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17251:
17249:
17243:
17242:
17239:
17238:
17236:
17235:
17232:
17229:
17225:
17223:
17222:Conmaicne Mide
17219:
17218:
17216:
17215:
17210:
17207:
17204:
17200:
17198:
17192:
17191:
17189:
17188:
17185:
17180:
17177:
17174:
17169:
17164:
17161:
17156:
17151:
17148:
17145:
17142:
17139:
17136:
17133:
17130:
17125:
17120:
17117:
17112:
17109:
17106:
17102:
17100:
17093:
17092:
17090:
17089:
17084:
17081:
17078:
17075:
17071:
17069:
17060:
17054:
17053:
17050:
17049:
17047:
17046:
17043:
17038:
17035:
17030:
17027:
17022:
17018:
17016:
17010:
17009:
17007:
17006:
17003:
16998:
16993:
16988:
16985:
16982:
16979:
16974:
16968:
16966:
16960:
16959:
16957:
16956:
16951:
16946:
16941:
16935:
16933:
16931:UĂ Echach Cobo
16924:
16915:
16909:
16908:
16901:
16900:
16893:
16886:
16878:
16869:
16868:
16866:
16865:
16858:
16853:
16848:
16843:
16838:
16833:
16828:
16823:
16818:
16813:
16808:
16802:
16800:
16794:
16793:
16791:
16790:
16785:
16780:
16775:
16770:
16765:
16759:
16757:
16753:
16752:
16750:
16749:
16744:
16739:
16733:
16731:
16727:
16726:
16724:
16723:
16718:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16683:
16678:
16673:
16668:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16648:
16643:
16638:
16633:
16628:
16623:
16617:
16615:
16611:
16610:
16607:
16606:
16604:
16603:
16597:
16595:
16589:
16588:
16586:
16585:
16581:
16579:
16575:
16574:
16571:
16570:
16568:
16567:
16563:
16561:
16557:
16556:
16554:
16553:
16549:
16547:
16545:UĂ Enechglaiss
16541:
16540:
16538:
16537:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16506:
16504:
16498:
16497:
16495:
16494:
16489:
16484:
16479:
16474:
16469:
16464:
16459:
16454:
16448:
16446:
16440:
16439:
16437:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16416:
16411:
16406:
16401:
16396:
16390:
16388:
16382:
16381:
16379:
16378:
16373:
16368:
16363:
16359:
16357:
16351:
16350:
16348:
16347:
16342:
16338:
16336:
16327:
16326:DĂĄl Niad Cuirp
16320:
16314:
16313:
16306:
16305:
16298:
16291:
16283:
16274:
16273:
16271:
16270:
16259:
16256:
16255:
16253:
16252:
16247:
16242:
16237:
16231:
16229:
16225:
16224:
16222:
16221:
16216:
16211:
16206:
16201:
16196:
16191:
16186:
16181:
16176:
16171:
16166:
16161:
16155:
16153:
16149:
16148:
16146:
16145:
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16120:
16115:
16110:
16105:
16100:
16094:
16092:
16088:
16087:
16085:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16049:
16044:
16039:
16034:
16028:
16026:
16022:
16021:
16019:
16018:
16011:
16003:
16001:
15997:
15996:
15994:
15993:
15988:
15983:
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15953:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15928:
15923:
15918:
15913:
15908:
15903:
15897:
15895:
15891:
15890:
15887:
15886:
15884:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15867:
15865:
15859:
15858:
15855:
15854:
15852:
15851:
15846:
15841:
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15810:
15808:
15802:
15801:
15799:
15798:
15793:
15788:
15783:
15778:
15773:
15767:
15765:
15761:
15760:
15758:
15757:
15752:
15747:
15742:
15737:
15732:
15727:
15722:
15717:
15714:
15709:
15704:
15699:
15694:
15689:
15684:
15679:
15673:
15671:
15667:
15666:
15664:
15663:
15658:
15653:
15650:
15645:
15640:
15635:
15630:
15625:
15620:
15615:
15610:
15605:
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15577:
15572:
15567:
15562:
15557:
15552:
15547:
15542:
15537:
15534:
15531:
15525:
15523:
15516:
15507:
15503:
15502:
15495:
15494:
15487:
15480:
15472:
15463:
15462:
15460:
15459:
15448:
15445:
15444:
15442:
15441:
15436:
15431:
15426:
15421:
15416:
15411:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15391:
15386:
15381:
15376:
15371:
15366:
15361:
15356:
15351:
15346:
15341:
15335:
15333:
15327:
15326:
15324:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15307:
15305:
15301:
15300:
15298:
15297:
15290:
15283:
15276:
15268:
15266:
15262:
15261:
15259:
15258:
15253:
15248:
15243:
15238:
15233:
15228:
15226:Loarn mac Eirc
15223:
15218:
15213:
15208:
15203:
15198:
15193:
15188:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15163:
15158:
15152:
15150:
15146:
15145:
15142:
15141:
15139:
15138:
15132:
15130:
15124:
15123:
15121:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15069:
15066:
15063:
15060:
15055:
15049:
15047:
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15038:
15037:
15032:
15029:
15026:
15021:
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14929:
14924:
14919:
14913:
14911:
14905:
14904:
14902:
14901:
14896:
14891:
14887:
14885:
14883:Corcu Baiscind
14879:
14878:
14876:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14859:
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14501:
14496:
14491:
14485:
14483:
14479:
14478:
14476:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14463:Blarney Castle
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14433:Rock of Cashel
14430:
14425:
14419:
14417:
14413:
14412:
14410:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14284:
14282:Dego Deirgtine
14278:
14276:
14272:
14271:
14268:
14267:
14265:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14249:
14243:
14241:
14235:
14234:
14232:
14231:
14226:
14215:
14195:
14193:
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14183:
14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14133:
14128:
14123:
14118:
14112:
14110:
14101:
14095:
14094:
14091:
14090:
14088:
14087:
14082:
14079:
14074:
14071:
14066:
14060:
14058:
14056:EĂłganacht Ăine
14052:
14051:
14049:
14048:
14045:
14042:
14039:
14034:
14031:
14026:
14023:
14020:
14017:
14012:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13989:
13984:
13981:
13978:
13975:
13970:
13964:
13962:
13956:
13955:
13953:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13921:
13919:
13913:
13912:
13910:
13909:
13903:
13901:
13895:
13894:
13892:
13891:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13871:
13866:
13864:O'Sullivan MĂłr
13861:
13856:
13855:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13841:
13830:
13828:
13819:
13813:
13812:
13805:
13804:
13797:
13790:
13782:
13773:
13772:
13770:
13769:
13758:
13755:
13754:
13752:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13729:Connacht Irish
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13661:
13656:
13651:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13625:
13623:
13617:
13616:
13614:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13598:
13596:Creadran Cille
13592:
13590:
13586:
13585:
13583:
13582:
13580:Clonalis House
13577:
13572:
13567:
13565:Donegal Castle
13562:
13557:
13551:
13549:
13545:
13544:
13542:
13541:
13534:
13527:
13519:
13517:
13513:
13512:
13510:
13509:
13507:Brian Ua NĂ©ill
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13387:Eochu Feidlech
13384:
13379:
13373:
13371:
13367:
13366:
13363:
13362:
13360:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13288:
13286:
13280:
13279:
13277:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13206:
13201:
13196:
13191:
13185:
13183:
13177:
13176:
13173:
13172:
13170:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13138:
13136:
13129:Clann CholmĂĄin
13122:
13114:
13113:
13110:
13109:
13107:
13106:
13101:
13096:
13091:
13086:
13081:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13035:
13033:
13025:
13024:
13022:
13021:
13016:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12995:
12993:
12982:
12974:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12910:
12908:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12791:
12782:
12776:
12775:
12768:
12767:
12760:
12753:
12745:
12739:
12736:
12735:
12723:
12722:
12720:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12677:Gaelic revival
12674:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12653:
12651:
12647:
12646:
12644:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12587:
12585:
12581:
12580:
12577:
12576:
12573:
12572:
12570:
12569:
12564:
12554:
12549:
12543:
12541:
12530:
12526:
12525:
12522:
12521:
12519:
12518:
12513:
12507:
12505:
12489:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12480:
12478:
12477:
12472:
12466:
12464:
12449:
12448:
12446:
12445:
12443:Oileån Chléire
12440:
12434:
12432:
12419:
12418:
12416:
12415:
12410:
12404:
12402:
12386:
12380:
12379:
12376:
12375:
12373:
12372:
12366:
12364:
12351:
12350:
12348:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12330:Conamara Theas
12327:
12325:Cois Fharraige
12322:
12316:
12314:
12298:
12292:
12291:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12263:
12261:
12245:
12236:
12228:
12227:
12220:
12219:
12212:
12205:
12197:
12188:
12187:
12185:
12184:
12177:
12171:
12168:
12167:
12164:
12163:
12161:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12114:
12111:
12110:
12100:
12099:
12096:
12095:
12093:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12072:
12067:
12062:
12057:
12052:
12050:Gaelic warfare
12046:
12044:
12038:
12037:
12035:
12034:
12029:
12026:Cyfraith Hywel
12023:
12017:
12015:
12009:
12008:
11992:
11991:
11988:
11987:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11980:
11975:
11973:Deeside Gaelic
11970:
11964:
11962:
11955:
11954:
11952:
11951:
11946:
11944:Hispano-Celtic
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11899:Proto-Goidelic
11896:
11891:
11885:
11883:
11874:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11848:
11846:
11840:
11839:
11837:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11820:
11818:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11792:
11790:
11784:
11783:
11771:
11770:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11751:Celtic society
11748:
11746:Celtic Revival
11743:
11738:
11732:
11730:
11724:
11723:
11721:
11720:
11714:United Ireland
11711:
11706:
11701:
11695:
11693:
11689:
11688:
11686:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11669:
11667:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11659:
11658:
11657:
11647:
11646:
11645:
11635:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11619:
11618:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11601:
11590:
11588:
11584:
11583:
11573:
11572:
11569:
11568:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11559:Welsh handball
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11539:Highland games
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11472:
11466:
11464:
11460:
11459:
11457:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11425:
11424:
11415:
11406:
11397:
11382:
11380:
11374:
11373:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11335:
11333:
11326:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11284:
11282:
11276:
11275:
11273:
11272:
11267:
11265:Gaelic culture
11261:
11259:
11255:
11254:
11252:
11251:
11246:
11244:Highland dress
11241:
11236:
11230:
11228:
11224:
11223:
11221:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11208:Pictish stones
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11153:
11147:
11145:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11104:
11102:
11098:
11097:
11095:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11028:
11026:
11016:
11015:
11005:
11004:
11001:
11000:
10997:
10996:
10993:
10992:
10990:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10963:
10951:
10939:
10927:
10915:
10903:
10890:
10888:
10878:
10869:
10868:
10867:
10866:
10861:
10851:
10846:
10845:
10844:
10834:
10833:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10812:
10810:Celtic nations
10807:
10805:Celtic Revival
10801:
10798:
10797:
10785:
10784:
10781:
10780:
10778:
10777:
10772:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10661:
10659:
10655:
10654:
10652:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10620:
10618:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10605:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10573:Celtic Animism
10570:
10568:Celtic deities
10565:
10560:
10554:
10552:
10548:
10547:
10545:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10527:Cisalpine Gaul
10524:
10523:
10522:
10517:
10499:
10490:
10465:
10456:
10454:Gaelic Ireland
10450:
10448:
10444:
10443:
10431:
10430:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10352:Manx Americans
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10327:Irish Chileans
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10292:English people
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10261:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10253:
10251:Welsh diaspora
10248:
10243:
10241:Irish diaspora
10238:
10232:
10230:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10218:
10207:
10202:
10201:
10200:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10168:
10166:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10095:
10093:
10081:
10080:
10068:
10067:
10048:Celtic studies
10040:Celtic nations
10038:
10035:
10034:
10023:
10022:
10015:
10008:
10000:
9991:
9990:
9988:
9987:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9940:
9935:
9932:human genetics
9924:
9922:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9863:Culture Vannin
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9843:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9833:
9832:
9831:
9820:
9817:
9816:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9786:
9781:
9763:
9758:
9748:
9725:
9723:
9714:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9697:
9696:
9689:Royal families
9685:
9683:
9674:
9670:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9644:
9637:
9630:
9622:
9620:
9614:
9613:
9611:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9593:Highland games
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9558:Insular script
9555:
9550:
9528:
9523:
9521:Gaelic kinship
9518:
9513:
9511:Gaelic warfare
9508:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9485:
9483:
9482:Gaelic culture
9479:
9478:
9476:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9463:Gaelic Revival
9460:
9455:
9453:Irish diaspora
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9423:1641 Rebellion
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9388:Irish kingdoms
9385:
9380:
9375:
9373:Gaelic Ireland
9369:
9367:
9363:
9362:
9355:
9354:
9347:
9340:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9315:
9309:
9306:Culture Vannin
9303:
9297:
9289:
9288:External links
9286:
9284:
9283:
9278:978-0748612338
9277:
9264:
9259:978-0748637096
9258:
9245:
9240:978-0389209638
9239:
9226:
9221:978-1900934091
9220:
9207:
9201:
9188:
9182:
9169:
9164:978-1134747214
9163:
9150:
9144:
9129:
9124:978-1135609856
9123:
9110:
9101:
9096:978-0946130368
9095:
9080:
9075:978-0271025964
9074:
9061:
9055:
9042:
9031:
9020:
9015:978-1135948245
9014:
9001:
8995:
8982:
8980:. J. Christie.
8971:
8966:978-0863222870
8965:
8952:
8947:978-1841588261
8946:
8933:
8928:978-1851825417
8927:
8914:
8909:978-0199247226
8908:
8902:. OUP Oxford.
8895:
8889:
8874:
8869:978-0340639917
8868:
8855:
8850:978-1502974570
8849:
8843:. Nuascealta.
8836:
8831:978-0415320467
8830:
8817:
8812:978-0582772175
8811:
8798:
8793:978-0268014278
8792:
8779:
8774:978-1851094400
8773:
8760:
8735:
8730:978-0851053646
8729:
8716:
8711:978-0500019276
8710:
8697:
8692:978-1107015630
8691:
8678:
8673:978-1903631393
8672:
8659:
8650:
8645:978-0312230494
8644:
8629:
8624:978-0198724766
8623:
8617:. OUP Oxford.
8610:
8605:978-0199532766
8604:
8598:. OUP Oxford.
8591:
8586:978-1137278838
8585:
8572:
8567:978-0199583874
8566:
8560:. OUP Oxford.
8553:
8548:978-0199563715
8547:
8541:. OUP Oxford.
8534:
8529:978-0862417871
8528:
8515:
8509:
8496:
8491:978-0199259052
8490:
8484:. OUP Oxford.
8477:
8472:978-0199737826
8471:
8458:
8453:978-1851821969
8452:
8437:
8432:978-1472442567
8431:
8418:
8413:978-0521416344
8412:
8397:
8392:978-1841581811
8391:
8378:
8373:978-0140154092
8372:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8320:(2): 101â122.
8304:
8297:
8277:
8264:978-0199234820
8263:
8243:
8229:
8217:
8203:
8185:
8173:
8161:
8149:
8123:
8105:
8091:
8079:
8074:Irish Examiner
8061:
8047:
8029:
8011:
7996:
7981:
7974:
7944:
7929:
7911:
7894:
7879:
7864:
7838:
7823:
7805:
7803:, p. 215.
7793:
7776:
7774:, p. 180.
7764:
7749:
7742:
7722:
7699:
7687:
7659:
7647:
7645:, p. 306.
7635:
7633:, p. 166.
7631:Ă CrĂłinĂn 2005
7623:
7604:
7591:
7565:
7548:
7530:
7498:
7473:
7444:
7426:
7394:
7374:
7356:
7327:
7307:
7285:
7253:
7221:
7195:
7177:
7125:
7099:
7074:
7048:
7022:
7010:
7008:, p. 351.
6998:
6984:
6970:
6968:, p. 201.
6958:
6940:
6926:
6924:, p. 263.
6914:
6912:, p. 291.
6902:
6880:
6858:
6842:
6831:on 1 July 2015
6810:
6790:
6767:
6755:
6740:
6708:
6667:
6649:
6647:, p. 709.
6637:
6609:
6586:
6567:
6560:
6531:
6529:, p. 775.
6514:
6502:on 7 June 2020
6481:
6461:
6438:
6436:, p. 376.
6426:
6423:. p. 283.
6407:
6388:
6376:
6361:
6335:
6293:
6268:
6243:
6216:(2): 113â133.
6196:
6179:
6152:
6150:, p. 204.
6133:
6111:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6038:Gaelic Ireland
6025:
5996:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5808:Main article:
5805:
5802:
5774:the Otherworld
5610:Main article:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5533:Gaelscoileanna
5523:Connacht Irish
5500:PĂĄdraig Pearse
5429:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5296:
5293:
5274:Scots language
5251:
5248:
5244:Highland games
5192:oral tradition
5148:Gaelic Ireland
5143:
5140:
5135:native speaker
5110:(supported by
5070:Gaelic revival
5065:
5062:
4967:British Empire
4944:
4941:
4713:House of Alpin
4539:Desert Fathers
4531:Western Europe
4418:Gaelic Ireland
4411:Gaelic culture
4369:Romano-British
4351:
4341:
4331:
4310:
4307:
4188:was exiled to
4093:
4090:
4015:FĂ©nius Farsaid
3988:Scotichronicon
3971:
3970:Origin legends
3968:
3966:
3963:
3895:British Empire
3887:Spanish Empire
3807:Irish diaspora
3802:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3712:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3663:
3655:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3626:
3620:
3612:
3606:
3605:United States
3602:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3409:
3406:
3363:Rathlin Island
3291:human genetics
3274:
3273:Human genetics
3271:
3239:Gaelic revival
3061:Scottish clans
3052:
3051:Kinship groups
3049:
3047:
3044:
2919:
2916:
2800:ancient Greeks
2709:
2706:
2579:Celtic Britain
2542:
2539:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2330:Fire sacrifice
2326:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:Zoroastrianism
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1988:Medieval India
1979:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1870:
1865:
1863:Italic peoples
1860:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1639:Gandhara grave
1636:
1631:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:Middle Dnieper
1481:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1440:Eastern Europe
1437:
1436:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1368:DnieperâDonets
1364:
1357:
1345:
1343:Kurgan culture
1340:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:Beech argument
1276:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
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1240:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
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1195:
1190:
1185:
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1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1088:
1083:
1069:
1062:Proto-Germanic
1059:
1057:Proto-Armenian
1054:
1049:
1047:Proto-Albanian
1043:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
997:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
942:
935:
934:
933:
932:
908:
907:
900:
899:
898:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
836:
831:
825:
824:
818:
817:
816:
815:
803:
802:
801:
794:
787:
775:
774:
773:
761:
756:
751:
750:
749:
742:
730:
725:
724:
723:
710:
709:
702:
701:
694:
689:
688:
685:
684:
676:
675:
669:
668:
657:
654:
578:oral tradition
523:Outer Hebrides
504:James VI and I
466:Gaelic Ireland
289:
288:
278:Celtic Britons
258:
257:
253:
252:
233:
232:
228:
227:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:United Kingdom
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
87:
86:
59:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19546:
19535:
19532:
19530:
19527:
19525:
19522:
19520:
19519:Manx language
19517:
19515:
19512:
19510:
19507:
19505:
19502:
19500:
19497:
19495:
19492:
19490:
19487:
19485:
19482:
19480:
19477:
19475:
19472:
19470:
19467:
19465:
19462:
19460:
19457:
19455:
19452:
19451:
19449:
19436:
19435:
19422:
19408:
19405:
19403:
19402:Public houses
19400:
19398:
19394:
19391:
19389:
19385:
19382:
19380:
19376:
19373:
19371:
19368:
19366:
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19356:
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19351:
19348:
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19325:
19321:
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19312:
19310:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19297:
19293:
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19288:
19285:
19283:
19280:
19278:
19277:
19273:
19271:
19268:
19267:
19265:
19263:
19259:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19233:
19230:
19228:
19225:
19223:
19220:
19218:
19215:
19213:
19210:
19208:
19205:
19204:
19202:
19200:
19196:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19182:
19180:
19177:
19175:
19172:
19170:
19167:
19165:
19162:
19158:
19155:
19154:
19153:
19150:
19148:
19145:
19144:
19142:
19140:
19136:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19124:
19120:
19118:
19117:
19113:
19111:
19110:
19106:
19104:
19103:
19099:
19097:
19096:
19092:
19090:
19089:
19085:
19081:
19078:
19076:
19073:
19071:
19068:
19066:
19063:
19062:
19061:
19058:
19057:
19055:
19053:
19049:
19043:
19040:
19038:
19035:
19033:
19030:
19026:
19023:
19022:
19021:
19018:
19016:
19015:
19011:
19009:
19006:
19005:
19003:
19001:
18997:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18976:
18975:
18971:
18969:
18966:
18964:
18961:
18960:
18958:
18956:
18952:
18946:
18943:
18941:
18938:
18936:
18933:
18931:
18928:
18927:
18925:
18923:
18919:
18913:
18910:
18908:
18904:
18901:
18899:
18896:
18894:
18891:
18889:
18886:
18884:
18881:
18879:
18876:
18874:
18871:
18870:
18868:
18864:
18858:
18855:
18853:
18850:
18848:
18847:
18843:
18841:
18838:
18837:
18835:
18833:
18829:
18819:
18816:
18814:
18811:
18809:
18806:
18804:
18801:
18799:
18796:
18794:
18791:
18789:
18786:
18785:
18783:
18779:
18773:
18770:
18768:
18765:
18763:
18760:
18758:
18755:
18753:
18750:
18748:
18745:
18743:
18740:
18738:
18735:
18733:
18730:
18728:
18725:
18723:
18720:
18718:
18715:
18713:
18710:
18708:
18705:
18704:
18702:
18698:
18695:
18693:
18689:
18685:
18681:
18676:
18672:
18658:
18657:Peace process
18655:
18653:
18650:
18646:
18643:
18642:
18641:
18638:
18636:
18633:
18631:
18628:
18624:
18621:
18620:
18619:
18616:
18615:
18613:
18611:
18607:
18601:
18598:
18594:
18591:
18589:
18587:(upper house)
18585:
18581:
18579:
18577:(lower house)
18575:
18571:
18570:
18569:
18565:
18561:
18559:
18556:
18554:
18551:
18547:
18544:
18543:
18542:
18539:
18537:
18534:
18532:
18529:
18527:
18524:
18522:
18519:
18518:
18516:
18514:
18510:
18504:
18501:
18499:
18496:
18494:
18493:Republicanism
18491:
18489:
18486:
18485:
18483:
18479:
18475:
18471:
18466:
18462:
18448:
18445:
18443:
18440:
18438:
18435:
18433:
18430:
18428:
18425:
18423:
18420:
18418:
18415:
18413:
18409:
18406:
18404:
18401:
18399:
18396:
18392:
18389:
18387:
18384:
18383:
18382:
18379:
18378:
18376:
18372:
18366:
18362:
18359:
18355:
18352:
18351:
18350:
18347:
18345:
18342:
18340:
18337:
18335:
18332:
18330:
18327:
18325:
18322:
18320:
18317:
18315:
18312:
18310:
18307:
18306:
18304:
18300:
18296:
18292:
18287:
18283:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18244:
18241:
18240:
18238:
18234:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18220:
18218:
18215:
18213:
18210:
18208:
18207:Peace process
18205:
18203:
18200:
18198:
18195:
18193:
18190:
18188:
18187:The Emergency
18185:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18175:
18173:
18170:
18168:
18167:Easter Rising
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18155:
18153:
18152:Fenian Rising
18150:
18148:
18145:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18135:
18133:
18130:
18128:
18125:
18123:
18120:
18118:
18115:
18113:
18110:
18108:
18105:
18103:
18099:
18096:
18094:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18070:
18067:
18065:
18062:
18060:
18057:
18055:
18052:
18050:
18047:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18036:
18032:
18029:
18028:
18026:
18022:
18016:
18013:
18011:
18008:
18004:
18001:
18000:
17999:
17996:
17993:
17990:
17988:
17985:
17983:
17980:
17976:
17973:
17972:
17971:
17968:
17964:
17961:
17959:
17956:
17955:
17954:
17951:
17947:
17944:
17942:
17939:
17938:
17937:
17933:
17930:
17928:
17927:Early history
17925:
17923:
17920:
17918:
17915:
17914:
17912:
17910:
17906:
17902:
17898:
17893:
17889:
17883:
17880:
17877:
17875:
17872:
17869:
17868:
17865:
17861:
17858:
17851:
17846:
17844:
17839:
17837:
17832:
17831:
17828:
17824:
17807:
17804:
17802:
17799:
17797:
17794:
17792:
17789:
17787:
17784:
17782:
17779:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17766:
17761:
17759:
17756:
17754:
17751:
17749:
17746:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17730:
17728:
17722:
17716:
17713:
17711:
17708:
17706:
17703:
17701:
17698:
17696:
17695:Leath Cathail
17693:
17691:
17688:
17686:
17683:
17681:
17678:
17676:
17673:
17671:
17668:
17666:
17663:
17661:
17658:
17656:
17653:
17651:
17648:
17646:
17643:
17641:
17638:
17636:
17633:
17631:
17628:
17626:
17623:
17622:
17620:
17616:
17610:
17607:
17605:
17602:
17600:
17597:
17595:
17592:
17590:
17587:
17586:
17584:
17580:
17574:
17573:
17569:
17567:
17566:
17562:
17560:
17559:
17555:
17553:
17552:
17548:
17546:
17545:
17541:
17539:
17538:
17534:
17533:
17531:
17527:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17491:
17488:
17486:
17483:
17481:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17471:
17468:
17466:
17463:
17461:
17458:
17456:
17453:
17451:
17448:
17446:
17443:
17441:
17438:
17436:
17433:
17431:
17428:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17406:
17403:
17401:
17398:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17386:
17383:
17381:
17378:
17376:
17373:
17371:
17368:
17366:
17363:
17361:
17358:
17356:
17353:
17351:
17348:
17346:
17343:
17341:
17338:
17337:
17335:
17333:Personalities
17331:
17321:
17320:Ă Troighthigh
17318:
17316:
17313:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17299:
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17260:O'Conor Kerry
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16626:LĂłegaire Lorc
16624:
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16614:Personalities
16612:
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16452:O'Connor Faly
16450:
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16228:Related lists
16226:
16220:
16219:Munster Irish
16217:
16215:
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16099:
16098:Belach Lechta
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15906:Fiacha Suidhe
15904:
15902:
15899:
15898:
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15894:Personalities
15892:
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15877:
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15735:O'Hay (Hayes)
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15446:
15440:
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15422:
15420:
15419:Munster Irish
15417:
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15412:
15410:
15407:
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15395:
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15390:
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15280:Fled Bricrenn
15277:
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15171:Ăar mac Dedad
15169:
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15149:Personalities
15147:
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14640:
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14637:Munster Irish
14635:
14633:
14632:Sanas Cormaic
14630:
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14494:Carn Feradaig
14492:
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14275:Personalities
14273:
14263:
14260:
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14250:
14248:
14245:
14244:
14242:
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14236:
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14227:
14224:
14220:
14217:UĂ Chonaill (
14216:
14213:
14209:
14205:
14201:
14198:UĂ Chairpre (
14197:
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13885:
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13875:
13874:MacGillycuddy
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13839:MacCarthy MĂłr
13837:
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13803:
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13597:
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13587:
13581:
13578:
13576:
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13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
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13550:
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13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13447:Art mac Cuinn
13445:
13443:
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13423:
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13418:
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13380:
13378:
13375:
13374:
13372:
13370:Personalities
13368:
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13343:
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13338:
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13333:
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13260:
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12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12929:O'Shaughnessy
12927:
12925:
12922:
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12917:
12915:
12912:
12911:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12897:
12894:
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12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
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12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12816:O'Conor Sligo
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12799:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12786:
12783:
12777:
12773:
12766:
12761:
12759:
12754:
12752:
12747:
12746:
12743:
12737:
12730:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12697:GĂ idhealtachd
12695:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12654:
12652:
12648:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12588:
12586:
12584:Organisations
12582:
12568:
12565:
12562:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12552:Neo-Gaeltacht
12550:
12548:
12545:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12490:
12486:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12457:
12456:
12450:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12425:
12420:
12414:
12411:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12381:
12371:
12368:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12357:
12352:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12340:OileĂĄin Ărann
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12293:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12272:Gaoth Dobhair
12270:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12240:
12237:
12234:
12229:
12225:
12218:
12213:
12211:
12206:
12204:
12199:
12198:
12195:
12182:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12172:
12169:
12159:
12158:â in Portugal
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12138:â in Galician
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12115:
12112:
12105:
12101:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12048:
12047:
12045:
12043:
12039:
12033:
12030:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12018:
12016:
12014:
12010:
12006:
12002:
11997:
11993:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11956:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11886:
11884:
11882:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11869:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11845:
11841:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11821:
11819:
11817:
11813:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11793:
11791:
11789:
11785:
11781:
11776:
11772:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11736:Celtic League
11734:
11733:
11731:
11729:
11728:Pan-Celticism
11725:
11719:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11696:
11694:
11690:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11670:
11668:
11664:
11656:
11653:
11652:
11651:
11648:
11644:
11641:
11640:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11617:
11614:
11613:
11612:
11609:
11605:
11604:reunification
11602:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11595:
11592:
11591:
11589:
11585:
11578:
11574:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11519:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11494:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11467:
11465:
11461:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11423:
11419:
11416:
11414:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11392:
11389:
11388:
11387:
11384:
11383:
11381:
11379:
11375:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11330:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11285:
11283:
11281:
11277:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11260:
11256:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11231:
11229:
11225:
11219:
11218:Triple spiral
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11148:
11146:
11144:
11140:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11105:
11103:
11099:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11037:Bardic Poetry
11035:
11033:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11021:
11017:
11010:
11006:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10968:
10960:
10955:
10952:
10948:
10943:
10940:
10936:
10931:
10928:
10924:
10919:
10916:
10912:
10907:
10904:
10900:
10895:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10885:Celtic League
10882:
10879:
10877:
10873:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10843:
10840:
10839:
10838:
10835:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10825:Celtic League
10823:
10821:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10815:Pan-Celticism
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10802:
10799:
10795:
10790:
10786:
10776:
10773:
10770:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10715:Gaelicisation
10713:
10711:
10708:
10706:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10690:Celticisation
10688:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10660:
10656:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10621:
10619:
10615:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10508:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10494:
10493:Iron Age Gaul
10491:
10489:
10485:
10481:
10477:
10476:Roman Britain
10473:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10436:
10432:
10427:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10332:Irish Mexican
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10258:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10233:
10231:
10227:
10217:
10213:
10212:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10199:
10195:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10161:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10056:Celtic tribes
10053:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10036:
10032:
10028:
10021:
10016:
10014:
10009:
10007:
10002:
10001:
9998:
9986:
9978:
9977:
9974:
9968:
9967:Gaelicisation
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9952:
9948:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9919:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9842:organisations
9838:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9808:
9805:
9802:
9798:
9794:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9756:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9742:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9686:
9684:
9682:
9678:
9675:
9671:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9649:
9645:
9643:
9642:
9638:
9636:
9635:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9619:
9615:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9526:Bardic poetry
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9506:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9480:
9474:
9473:GĂ idhealtachd
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9364:
9360:
9353:
9348:
9346:
9341:
9339:
9334:
9333:
9330:
9323:
9319:
9316:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9304:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9292:
9291:
9280:
9274:
9270:
9265:
9261:
9255:
9251:
9246:
9242:
9236:
9232:
9227:
9223:
9217:
9213:
9208:
9204:
9202:9780300115352
9198:
9194:
9189:
9185:
9183:9781902930138
9179:
9175:
9170:
9166:
9160:
9157:. Routledge.
9156:
9151:
9147:
9145:9780268008000
9141:
9137:
9136:
9130:
9126:
9120:
9117:. Routledge.
9116:
9111:
9107:
9102:
9098:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9081:
9077:
9071:
9067:
9062:
9058:
9056:9780851157474
9052:
9048:
9043:
9039:
9038:
9032:
9028:
9027:
9021:
9017:
9011:
9008:. Routledge.
9007:
9002:
8998:
8996:9780199226658
8992:
8988:
8983:
8979:
8978:
8972:
8968:
8962:
8958:
8953:
8949:
8943:
8939:
8934:
8930:
8924:
8920:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8901:
8896:
8892:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8875:
8871:
8865:
8861:
8856:
8852:
8846:
8842:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8824:. Routledge.
8823:
8818:
8814:
8808:
8805:. Routledge.
8804:
8799:
8795:
8789:
8785:
8780:
8776:
8770:
8766:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8722:
8717:
8713:
8707:
8703:
8698:
8694:
8688:
8684:
8679:
8675:
8669:
8665:
8660:
8656:
8651:
8647:
8641:
8637:
8636:
8630:
8626:
8620:
8616:
8611:
8607:
8601:
8597:
8592:
8588:
8582:
8578:
8573:
8569:
8563:
8559:
8554:
8550:
8544:
8540:
8535:
8531:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8512:
8510:9780521037167
8506:
8502:
8497:
8493:
8487:
8483:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8424:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8398:
8394:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8369:
8365:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8343:
8339:
8335:
8331:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8308:
8300:
8298:9781317332817
8294:
8290:
8289:
8281:
8266:
8260:
8256:
8255:
8247:
8239:
8233:
8227:, p. 26.
8226:
8225:Bradshaw 1993
8221:
8213:
8207:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8182:
8177:
8171:, p. 12.
8170:
8165:
8158:
8153:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8119:
8118:New Statesman
8115:
8109:
8101:
8095:
8089:, p. 65.
8088:
8083:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8057:
8051:
8043:
8039:
8033:
8025:
8021:
8015:
8007:
8000:
7992:
7985:
7977:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7948:
7940:
7933:
7925:
7918:
7916:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7890:
7883:
7875:
7868:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7834:
7827:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7802:
7801:MacManus 1921
7797:
7789:
7783:
7781:
7773:
7768:
7760:
7753:
7745:
7743:9781118499474
7739:
7735:
7734:
7726:
7718:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7697:, p. 72.
7696:
7691:
7683:
7678:
7677:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7657:, p. 73.
7656:
7651:
7644:
7639:
7632:
7627:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7601:
7595:
7579:
7575:
7569:
7558:
7552:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7515:
7508:
7502:
7486:
7480:
7478:
7461:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7440:
7436:
7430:
7411:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7368:
7365:
7360:
7345:. 30 May 2023
7344:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7311:
7296:
7289:
7270:
7263:
7257:
7238:
7231:
7225:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7191:
7187:
7181:
7173:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7129:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7103:
7094:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7036:
7032:
7026:
7020:, p. 95.
7019:
7014:
7007:
7002:
6994:
6988:
6980:
6974:
6967:
6966:Thornton 2003
6962:
6954:
6950:
6944:
6936:
6930:
6923:
6918:
6911:
6906:
6890:
6884:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6855:1-85791-037-0
6852:
6846:
6827:
6820:
6814:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6794:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6764:
6759:
6751:
6744:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6712:
6704:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6671:
6663:
6659:
6653:
6646:
6641:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6591:
6582:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6563:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6528:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6435:
6430:
6422:
6418:
6411:
6403:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6386:, p. 698
6385:
6380:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6346:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6256:
6255:
6247:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6200:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6167:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6149:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6126:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6100:. 30 May 2023
6099:
6095:
6089:
6085:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6054:Ewan Campbell
6051:
6050:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6029:
6022:
6021:White British
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5993:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5928:Protestantism
5924:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5851:Roman Britain
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5824:Monasterboice
5821:
5816:
5811:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5758:BrĂș na BĂłinne
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5606:Pre-Christian
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5570:
5566:
5565:GĂ idhealtachd
5562:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5509:GĂ idhealtachd
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5477:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5423:
5414:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5224:Irish dancing
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5098:Gaelicisation
5095:
5094:post-colonial
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5027:Isle of Lewis
5024:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4835:Anglo-Normans
4829:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4817:Ă Conchobhair
4814:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4760:Donnchad Donn
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4736:Niall GlĂșndub
4733:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4704:CĂĄin AdomnĂĄin
4700:
4696:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4635:Faroe Islands
4632:
4631:
4630:ĂslendingabĂłk
4626:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4607:
4606:Inis Cathaigh
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4582:Book of Kells
4579:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4520:
4516:
4515:Book of Kells
4511:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4480:River Shannon
4477:
4473:
4472:Fiacha Suidhe
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4355: Mainly
4348:
4345: Mainly
4338:
4335: Mainly
4329:
4325:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4263:Roman Britain
4260:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4190:Roman Britain
4187:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4122:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3997:national epic
3995:In their own
3990:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:French Empire
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3828:Great Britain
3821:
3820:The Emigrants
3817:
3812:
3808:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3756:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3702:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3659:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3616:
3603:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:Ethnic Scots
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:Ethnic Irish
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:insular Celts
3364:
3361:remains from
3360:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3018:Rex Scottorum
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2987:Hiberno-Latin
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Ancient Roman
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:GearĂłid Iarla
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:Archaic Welsh
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:GoĂdel/GaĂdel
2587:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:J. P. Mallory
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:Reconstructed
2016:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1845:Insular Celts
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:Indo-Iranians
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:Pontic Steppe
1497:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:Kurgan stelae
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:Pontic Steppe
1313:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:Proto-Iranian
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:Daco-Thracian
950:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
937:
931:
927:
923:
919:
916:
915:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:Reconstructed
903:
902:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
867:
863:
860:
856:
853:
849:
846:
842:
841:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
819:
813:
809:
808:
807:
804:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
780:
779:
776:
771:
767:
766:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
747:
743:
740:
736:
735:
734:
731:
729:
726:
721:
717:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
696:
692:
687:
686:
682:
678:
677:
674:
671:
670:
666:
662:
661:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
481:Anglo-Normans
477:
475:
471:
467:
464:. Meanwhile,
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Roman Britain
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:
317:
296:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
226:
222:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:United States
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
112:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
19425:
19395: /
19386: /
19377: /
19355:Homelessness
19274:
19242:Road bowling
19237:Martial arts
19184:Ulster Scots
19151:
19121:
19114:
19107:
19100:
19093:
19086:
19065:Mythological
19012:
18972:
18945:Ulster Scots
18905: /
18844:
18772:Three-in-One
18583:
18574:DĂĄil Ăireann
18573:
18563:
18521:Constitution
18410: /
18381:Architecture
18363: /
18236:Other topics
18217:Celtic Tiger
18202:The Troubles
18100: /
18091: /
18037: /
18033: /
17934: /
17922:Protohistory
17822:
17790:
17771:Ulster Cycle
17764:
17710:UĂ Blathmaic
17604:County Laois
17594:Hill of Tara
17570:
17563:
17556:
17549:
17542:
17535:
17500:Congal CĂĄech
17197:Cuile Toladh
16860:
16805:
16636:Ăengus Ollom
16355:UĂ DĂșnlainge
16158:
16113:Dysert O'Dea
16103:Cathair Cuan
16082:O'Dea Castle
16013:
16006:
15956:Brian BĂłruma
15570:MacConsidine
15374:Ulster Cycle
15338:
15316:Hill of Tara
15292:
15285:
15278:
15271:
15211:Conaire CĂłem
15196:Eterscél Mór
15166:Deda mac Sin
15161:Ailill Ărann
14942:Corcu LoĂgde
14855:Corcu Duibne
14521:
14448:Bat's Castle
14307:Ailill Aulom
14297:Nia Segamain
14108:Corcu LoĂgde
13734:Ulster Irish
13709:West Breifne
13704:East Breifne
13654:Ulster Cycle
13649:Fenian Cycle
13628:
13560:Hill of Tara
13536:
13529:
13522:
13382:Ănna Aignech
13152:MacGeoghegan
12906:UĂ Fiachrach
12681:
12175:Celts portal
12133:â in Spanish
11968:Arran Gaelic
11889:Proto-Celtic
11857:Bungi Creole
11756:Celtic unity
11692:Independence
11491:
11474:
11298:Gaelic music
11234:Celtic Dress
11183:High crosses
11173:Celtic cross
11151:Bell shrines
11082:Irish annals
10864:Neo-Druidism
10859:Celtic Wicca
10830:Celtic union
10794:Modern Celts
10685:Celtic women
10588:Celtic Rites
10537:Transylvania
10397:Ulster Scots
10267:Anglo-Celtic
10186:
10118:
10114:Celtiberians
10059:
10051:
10043:
10031:modern Celts
9951:Clan MacLeod
9893:ULTACH Trust
9774:Corcu LoĂgde
9646:
9641:Middle Irish
9639:
9632:
9625:
9588:Gaelic games
9539:Modern Irish
9503:
9448:Great Hunger
9358:
9268:
9249:
9230:
9211:
9192:
9173:
9154:
9134:
9114:
9105:
9085:
9065:
9046:
9036:
9025:
9005:
8986:
8976:
8956:
8937:
8918:
8899:
8879:
8859:
8840:
8821:
8802:
8783:
8767:. ABC-CLIO.
8764:
8747:
8743:
8720:
8701:
8682:
8663:
8654:
8634:
8614:
8595:
8576:
8557:
8538:
8519:
8500:
8481:
8462:
8442:
8422:
8402:
8382:
8362:
8353:Bibliography
8317:
8313:
8307:
8287:
8280:
8268:. Retrieved
8253:
8246:
8232:
8220:
8206:
8197:
8188:
8183:, p. 2.
8176:
8164:
8159:, p. 4.
8152:
8142:12 September
8140:. Retrieved
8135:
8126:
8117:
8108:
8094:
8082:
8073:
8064:
8050:
8042:The Scotsman
8041:
8032:
8024:the original
8014:
8005:
7999:
7990:
7984:
7957:
7947:
7938:
7932:
7923:
7888:
7882:
7873:
7867:
7855:. Retrieved
7851:the original
7841:
7832:
7826:
7817:
7808:
7796:
7767:
7758:
7752:
7732:
7725:
7690:
7675:
7650:
7638:
7626:
7616:
7612:
7607:
7599:
7594:
7582:. Retrieved
7578:the original
7568:
7551:
7543:the original
7533:
7521:. Retrieved
7514:the original
7501:
7489:. Retrieved
7464:. Retrieved
7460:the original
7439:the original
7429:
7417:. Retrieved
7410:the original
7397:
7382:
7377:
7359:
7347:. Retrieved
7342:
7319:
7310:
7298:. Retrieved
7288:
7276:. Retrieved
7269:the original
7256:
7244:. Retrieved
7237:the original
7224:
7212:. Retrieved
7208:the original
7198:
7190:the original
7180:
7143:
7140:PLOS Biology
7139:
7128:
7102:
7077:
7065:. Retrieved
7061:the original
7051:
7039:. Retrieved
7035:the original
7025:
7013:
7001:
6987:
6973:
6961:
6943:
6929:
6922:O'Duffy 2005
6917:
6905:
6893:. Retrieved
6883:
6871:. Retrieved
6861:
6845:
6833:. Retrieved
6826:the original
6813:
6802:
6793:
6782:
6758:
6749:
6743:
6731:. Retrieved
6727:the original
6722:The Scotsman
6720:
6711:
6684:
6680:
6670:
6652:
6640:
6601:
6534:
6504:. Retrieved
6500:the original
6493:
6484:
6473:
6464:
6453:
6434:O'Leary 2004
6429:
6416:
6410:
6384:O'Duffy 2005
6379:
6370:
6364:
6316:(1): 22â48.
6313:
6309:
6296:
6284:. Retrieved
6280:
6271:
6259:. Retrieved
6253:
6246:
6213:
6209:
6199:
6170:. Retrieved
6148:Osbourn 2006
6102:. Retrieved
6097:
6088:
6061:
6047:
6041:
6028:
5999:
5992:colonization
5986:
5965:
5936:sectarianism
5925:
5900:Laudabiliter
5898:
5872:
5847:Roman Empire
5834:
5828:
5804:Christianity
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5769:
5762:Hill of Tara
5742:The MorrĂgan
5723:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5637:polytheistic
5626:
5592:
5586:
5572:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5542:
5538:
5527:Leaving Cert
5516:
5514:
5507:
5489:
5483:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5435:
5403:Contemporary
5385:Roman script
5358:
5330:Proto-Celtic
5315:
5303:
5290:Manx English
5240:Gaelic games
5222:and dances (
5208:belted plaid
5183:
5177:
5173:
5155:
5132:
5125:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5035:
5015:fled Ireland
5003:
4956:
4935:
4906:
4894:Edward Bruce
4883:
4832:
4802:
4795:
4772:Brian BĂłruma
4729:
4702:
4692:
4653:
4646:
4628:
4627:such as the
4622:
4590:Clonmacnoise
4524:
4460:Corcu LoĂgde
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4365:Christianity
4363:
4277:founded the
4256:
4249:Roman Empire
4234:
4218:Three Collas
4183:
4176:
4173:King of Tara
4155:, including
4146:
4127:
4119:
4081:
4059:
4000:
3994:
3986:
3941:
3939:
3884:
3825:
3819:
3774:
3768:not recorded
3767:
3763:not recorded
3762:
3738:not recorded
3737:
3734:New Zealand
3723:not recorded
3722:
3680:not recorded
3679:
3637:not recorded
3636:
3563:
3561:dependencies
3553:not recorded
3552:
3548:not recorded
3547:
3543:not recorded
3542:
3538:not recorded
3537:
3517:Ethnic Manx
3512:
3504:
3496:
3438:
3411:
3408:Demographics
3371:proto-Celtic
3352:
3329:
3315:
3303:PLOS Biology
3288:
3264:
3254:
3216:
3142:
3117:
3111:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3016:, the Latin
3009:
2999:
2997:
2990:
2972:
2954:
2949:
2930:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2846:Corcu LoĂgde
2834:Ailill Ărann
2807:
2797:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2693:
2674:
2671:bardic poets
2668:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2642:'wild', and
2639:
2636:Proto-Celtic
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:John T. Koch
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2563:Edward Lhuyd
2558:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2402:Publications
2401:
2387:
2368:
2322:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:Paleo-Balkan
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2105:
2104:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2017:
2000:Greater Iran
1993:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1944:
1943:
1931:
1930:
1873:Paleo-Balkan
1838:Celtiberians
1817:
1816:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1701:
1700:
1688:
1687:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1651:
1621:
1620:
1563:
1562:
1540:
1539:
1502:
1501:
1464:
1463:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1425:
1413:
1412:
1354:BugâDniester
1318:
1317:
1183:Gothic Bible
1099:Proto-Baltic
1095:Proto-Slavic
1080:Proto-Italic
1076:Proto-Celtic
1039:
994:
982:Italo-Celtic
977:Indo-Hittite
967:Graeco-Aryan
940:Hypothetical
939:
904:
839:Paleo-Balkan
821:
778:Indo-Iranian
733:Balto-Slavic
706:
650:Manx culture
622:belted plaid
594:Christianity
535:
516:
478:
404:
294:
292:
281:
273:
265:
240:
237:Christianity
210:
202:
194:
186:
110:
76:
66:
50:Ethnic group
47:
19375:Place names
19252:Rugby union
19147:Anglo-Irish
19032:Instruments
18888:The Twelfth
18852:Set dancing
18652:LGBT rights
18558:LGBT rights
18488:Nationalism
18054:Black Death
17748:CĂș Chulainn
17680:Duibhthrian
17660:DĂĄl nAraidi
17655:DĂĄl mBuinne
17650:DĂĄl Fiatach
17618:Territories
17515:Mac Creiche
17350:Ollom Fotla
17340:Cermna Finn
17278:Corco Mruad
17163:MacShaffrey
17115:Ă Fearghail
17077:MacConneely
16922:DĂĄl nAraidi
16851:DĂĄl Cormaic
16831:Dindsenchas
16821:Heremonians
16742:Mullaghmast
16681:Cathair MĂłr
16651:Nuadu Necht
16502:UĂ Bairrche
16169:Heremonians
16128:Lough Raska
15916:Lugaid Mend
15863:DĂ©isi Muman
15786:O'Heffernan
15588:O'Muldowney
15499:Dalcassians
15379:SĂl Conairi
15354:Heremonians
15311:Caherconree
15201:Conaire MĂłr
15045:Clann Conla
14909:DĂĄl Fiatach
14835:O'Cullinane
14622:Dalcassians
14572:Leath Mogha
14557:Corca OĂche
14489:Mag Mucrama
14468:Ross Castle
14443:Lough Leane
14342:Ăengus Bolg
14239:UĂ LiathĂĄin
14229:Ua Laogaire
14191:UĂ Fidgenti
14141:O'Hennessey
14041:O'Callaghan
13935:O'Moriarity
13879:O'Callaghan
13689:TĂr Eoghain
13644:Heremonians
13555:Rathcroghan
13392:Eochu Airem
13322:O'Concannon
13297:O'Donnellan
13234:O'Mulrooney
13142:O'Melaghlin
13044:MacLoughlin
13014:O'Gallagher
12826:MacGeraghty
12811:O'Conor Roe
12806:O'Conor Don
12511:RĂĄth Chairn
12233:GaeltachtaĂ
12090:Trimarcisia
12075:GallĂłglaigh
11904:Celtiberian
11628:Isle of Man
11587:Nationalism
11476:Bataireacht
11395:Calan Gaeaf
11354:Isle of Man
11198:Leaf-crowns
11188:Insular art
11161:Dragonesque
11123:Isle of Man
10977:Nova Scotia
10930:Isle of Man
10854:Neopaganism
10598:Monasticism
10109:Caledonians
9943:NorseâGaels
9793:DĂĄl nAraidi
9778:DĂĄl Fiatach
9751:Dalcassians
9741:Clan Donald
9553:Gaelic type
9535:Early Irish
9040:. Hamilton.
9029:. B. Tooke.
8959:. Brandon.
8940:. Birlinn.
8862:. Sceptre.
8385:. Birlinn.
8366:. Penguin.
8136:BBCAlbaNews
8087:Tanner 2006
7643:Rankin 2002
7584:10 February
7466:11 December
7300:31 December
6895:27 November
6873:27 November
6009:White Irish
5944:Old English
5921:Franciscans
5907:the title "
5696:Dindsenchas
5681:"mythology"
5649:CĂș Chulainn
5218:, style of
5200:roundhouses
4995:Elizabeth I
4969:. In 1542,
4932:R. R. McIan
4884:In 1315, a
4879:gallowglass
4828:plantations
4809:Cistercians
4752:Northumbria
4748:Norse-Gaels
4684:Isle of Man
4656:Scandinavia
4641:before the
4594:Glendalough
4588:surviving.
4586:Tara Brooch
4578:insular art
4567:Carolingian
4519:Insular art
4464:Clann Conla
4287:Brycheiniog
4283:UĂ LiathĂĄin
4241:Greco-Roman
4169:Emain Macha
4165:Rathcroghan
4161:DĂșn Ailinne
4147:During the
4066:MĂl EspĂĄine
4039:Caspian Sea
4007:GoĂdel Glas
3983:GoĂdel Glas
3856:Northumbria
3836:DĂ©isi Muman
3832:UĂ LiathĂĄin
3788:16,318,487
3782:44,875,317
3477:Nova Scotia
3441:2022 census
3355:ancient DNA
3305:, were the
3201:SĂl Conairi
3189:DĂĄl nAraidi
3187:(including
3177:DĂĄl Fiatach
3171:(including
3147:(including
3130:Glendamnach
3057:Irish clans
2950:Druim Alban
2933:Scots Gaels
2914:settlers).
2912:New English
2744:Old English
2681:. Even the
2679:GoĂdel Glas
2652:weidh-n-jo-
2280:Continental
2273:Anglo-Saxon
1976:Middle Ages
1926:Middle Ages
1781:Indo-Aryans
1774:Indo-Aryans
1581:Bell Beaker
1576:Corded ware
1472:Corded ware
1361:Sredny Stog
1306:Archaeology
1086:Proto-Greek
1066:Proto-Norse
614:roundhouses
606:Insular art
586:Inscription
531:Australasia
454:Norse-Gaels
434:Isle of Man
419:traded with
413:in western
390:comprising
380:Isle of Man
346:Na GĂ idheil
262:Norse-Gaels
247:(historic:
164:New Zealand
72:Na GĂ idheil
19448:Categories
19276:ClĂĄirseach
19179:Travellers
19037:Rock music
19020:Folk music
18955:Literature
18757:Soda bread
18640:Government
18567:parliament
18564:Oireachtas
18541:Government
18481:Ideologies
18112:Penal Laws
18003:since 1922
17917:Prehistory
17765:Geographia
17763:Ptolemy's
17743:Red Branch
17589:Navan Fort
17565:Mesca Ulad
17529:Literature
17296:O'Flaherty
17291:O'Loughlin
17206:O'Colleran
17203:O'Tolleran
17195:Conmaicne
17187:O'Sullahan
17167:MacConnick
17141:MacMullock
17128:O'Hallissy
17105:MacRannall
17083:O'Cloherty
16788:Glenmalure
16747:Lyons Hill
16621:Ăgaine MĂłr
16492:O'Hennessy
16444:UĂ Failghe
16409:O'Finneran
16376:O'Cosgrave
16362:Fitzdermot
16052:Castlebawn
16000:Literature
15839:Mulholland
15725:MacInerney
15702:O'Hartigan
15687:O'Flattery
15623:O'Kelleher
15579:MacLysaght
15560:O'Lonergan
15540:O'Cosgrave
15394:Siol Alpin
15287:Mesca Ulad
15265:Literature
15136:O'Connolly
15084:O'Gloherny
14973:O'Hennessy
14960:O'Driscoll
14917:MacDonlevy
14787:MacQuarrie
14752:Mackintosh
14617:Ciannachta
14302:Mug Nuadat
14116:O'Driscoll
14037:O'Connelly
14033:O'Flahiffe
14019:O'Cannifee
14015:O'Coughlan
14011:O'Cahalane
13973:O'Donoghue
13950:O'Scannell
13889:O'Donoghue
13859:MacAuliffe
13809:EĂłganachta
13699:Tyrconnell
13694:Clandeboye
13606:Glentaisie
13516:Literature
13477:Colla Uais
13357:Ă Cuindlis
13352:O'Mulconry
13337:O'Mullally
13332:O'Naughton
13327:O'Duigenan
13302:O'Houlihan
13259:O'Hanratty
13244:O'Leighnin
13239:O'Monaghan
13229:MacDonnell
13194:MacCarroll
13181:Clan Colla
13074:O'Donnelly
13054:MacSweeney
12914:MacClellan
12896:O'Sheridan
12891:MacKiernan
12866:O'Flaherty
12841:O'Flanagan
12831:O'Finnerty
12672:Bean an tĂ
12516:Baile Ghib
12153:â in Italy
12055:Ceathairne
11919:Gallaecian
11549:Road bowls
11454:Eisteddfod
11422:Calan Awst
11418:Lughnasadh
11024:Literature
10887:definition
10710:Clan chief
10497:Roman Gaul
10488:Hen Ogledd
10214:including
10196:including
9761:EĂłganachta
9737:Clan Colla
9494:Brehon law
9443:Penal Laws
9433:Jacobitism
8181:Welch 1992
8169:Welch 1992
8157:Welch 1992
7772:Byrne 1973
7695:Byrne 1973
7655:Byrne 1973
7523:7 February
7491:7 February
7419:7 February
7343:www.cso.ie
7278:8 December
7246:6 February
7214:26 January
7067:29 January
7041:29 January
7018:Ellis 2002
7006:Ellis 2002
6910:Byrne 1973
6733:30 October
6210:Identities
6172:7 February
6098:www.cso.ie
6080:References
5946:") became
5932:Tridentine
5839:irreligion
5820:high cross
5785:TĂr na nĂg
5669:Lughnasadh
5470:(English:
5462:Gaeilgeoir
5268:See also:
5196:shanachies
5188:Brehon law
5158:Succession
5054:north west
4947:See also:
4615:High King
4555:Columbanus
4543:asceticism
4527:Golden Age
4452:EĂłganachta
4138:Bronze Age
4096:See also:
4086:Otherworld
4064:, sons of
3923:Birmingham
3919:Manchester
3893:, and the
3876:Icelanders
3872:Viking Age
3779:1,974,178
3691:Australia
3615:33,348,049
3585:4,446,000
3573:1,101,994
3531:3,969,319
3525:1,873,997
3359:Bronze Age
3212:MacDonalds
3205:Norse-Gael
3165:EĂłganachta
3153:Clan Colla
3114:EĂłganachta
3075:MacGregors
3046:Population
3001:Albannaich
2899:Seanghaill
2886:Ăireannach
2842:Mug Nuadat
2809:Geographia
2764:Old Celtic
2727:Geographia
2683:Gaelicised
2388:Institutes
2308:Lithuanian
2062:Indo-Aryan
2048:Historical
1982:Indo-Aryan
1939:Tocharians
1853:Cimmerians
1731:Bronze Age
1622:South Asia
1496:Bronze Age
1434:Afanasievo
1238:Mainstream
1002:Vocabulary
922:Sound laws
784:Indo-Aryan
602:Brehon law
582:shanachies
558:Otherworld
446:Viking Age
370:native to
245:Irreligion
19407:Squatting
19123:Fomorians
19052:Mythology
18922:Languages
18907:Halloween
18883:Bealtaine
18866:Festivals
18857:Stepdance
18762:Spice Bag
18747:Irish fry
18737:Colcannon
18712:Barmbrack
18635:Education
18593:President
18531:Education
18447:Transport
18422:Provinces
18344:Mountains
18319:Coastline
18291:Geography
18182:Civil War
18137:Tithe War
17796:Milesians
17675:DĂĄl Riata
17460:FindchĂłem
17445:Deichtine
17395:Airgetmar
17355:FĂnnachta
17315:O'Davoren
17311:MacCurtin
17304:O'Drennan
17265:O'Murtagh
17247:Ciarraige
17228:MacRourke
17179:MacMorrow
17154:MacGaynor
17150:MacCoogan
17138:O'Mulooly
17135:O'Curneen
17098:Magh RĂ©in
17096:Conmaicne
17080:O'Devaney
17058:Conmaicne
17037:MacCashin
17021:O'Manning
17005:O'Mulcahy
16991:O'Dowling
16914:and septs
16816:Milesians
16778:MĂłin MhĂłr
16601:O'Farrell
16510:MacGorman
16487:O'Holohan
16462:O'Dempsey
16424:O'Hartley
16319:and septs
16317:Kindreds
16189:Attacotti
16164:Milesians
16133:MĂłin MhĂłr
15829:Flannagan
15819:MacConroy
15755:O'Tubridy
15720:MacNamara
15716:O'Killeen
15682:MacDurkin
15677:MacClancy
15670:UĂ Caisin
15656:O'Scanlan
15628:O'Kennedy
15593:O'Brennan
15565:MacArthur
15555:O'Kearney
15349:Milesians
15103:O'Queally
15098:O'Brennan
15093:O'Carroll
15080:O'Coveney
15062:O'Horahan
15031:O'Henegan
15014:O'Dinneen
15001:O'Doughan
14932:O'Haughey
14899:O'Donnell
14894:MacDermot
14873:O'Connell
14830:O'Dowling
14825:O'Mulvany
14810:O'Donegan
14802:MĂșscraige
14782:Mackinnon
14742:MacGregor
14729:DĂĄl Riata
14721:and septs
14719:Kindreds
14562:Mug Ruith
14542:Deirgtine
14532:Milesians
14423:Knockainy
14362:MĂłr Muman
14312:Ăogan MĂłr
14257:O'Gleeson
14223:O'Connell
14219:O'Collins
14200:O'Donovan
14181:O'Collins
14176:O'Donovan
14161:O'Dinneen
14085:O'Gunning
14081:O'Kenealy
14077:O'Muldoon
14073:O'Kerwick
13997:O'Connell
13992:O'Donnell
13945:O'Carroll
13884:O'Dennehy
13818:and septs
13816:Kindreds
13679:Fermanagh
13674:AirgĂalla
13639:Milesians
13601:Knockavoe
13347:O'Kearney
13284:UĂ MhĂĄine
13219:MacDonald
13214:McCaffrey
13079:O'Gormley
13004:O'Doherty
12999:O'Donnell
12964:O'Gaughan
12944:MacFirbis
12886:MacGovern
12851:MacDonagh
12846:MacDermot
12798:UĂ BriĂșin
12789:Connachta
12781:and septs
12772:Connachta
12662:Connemara
12461:Waterford
12224:Gaeltacht
12085:Redshanks
12060:Ceithearn
11788:Brittonic
11780:Languages
11413:Calan Mai
11404:GƔyl Fair
11378:Festivals
11193:Interlace
10617:Mythology
10608:Practices
10520:Gallaecia
10134:Galatians
9888:Gael Linn
9801:CĂarraige
9797:Conmaicne
9770:DĂĄl Riata
9745:UĂ MhĂĄine
9729:Connachta
9711:Genealogy
9634:Old Irish
9468:Gaeltacht
9393:DĂĄl Riata
8756:0959-3632
8342:160384214
7613:The Celts
7349:27 August
7322:109-118.
6763:Koch 2004
6703:159844564
6681:Antiquity
6645:Koch 2004
6527:Koch 2004
6330:0306-5278
6238:143971850
6230:1070-289X
6104:27 August
6066:Irish Sea
5818:Medieval
5730:The Dagda
5725:aes sĂdhe
5713:Gaelachas
5685:holy book
5633:animistic
5539:Gaeltacht
5491:Gaeltacht
5365:Old Irish
5295:Emergence
5204:ringforts
5179:derbfhine
5166:chieftain
5133:The last
5122:Connemara
5103:Gaeltacht
5042:Irish Sea
4987:freeholds
4975:a Kingdom
4766:and took
4711:from the
4680:Waterford
4476:DĂĄl gCais
4454:based at
4436:mĂłr tĂșath
4434:formed a
4426:(plural:
4357:Brythonic
4328:The Isles
4295:DĂĄl Riata
4222:AirgĂalla
4206:Connachta
4062:Milesians
3935:Edinburgh
3915:Liverpool
3715:1,876,560
3701:2,087,800
3672:4,719,850
3658:4,354,155
3629:5,310,285
3453:Edinburgh
3402:MC1R gene
3394:blue eyes
3340:DĂĄl gCais
3285:in Europe
3197:DĂĄl Riata
3179:, etc.),
3173:DĂĄl Riata
3161:DĂĄl gCais
3159:, etc.),
3145:Connachta
3122:Ăogan MĂłr
3079:Victorian
3014:Duncan II
2937:DĂĄl Riata
2927:Scotland.
2908:Sacsanach
2894:Gaoidheal
2868:the name
2751:Old Norse
2675:Gaoidheal
2598:Gaoidheal
2586:Old Irish
2571:John Rhys
2517:Old Norse
2323:Practices
2142:Yarsanism
1952:Albanians
1932:East Asia
1919:Scythians
1911:Phrygians
1904:Paeonians
1897:Illyrians
1883:Thracians
1800:East Asia
1751:Armenians
1678:Hallstatt
1660:Chernoles
1601:Terramare
1591:Trzciniec
1558:Sintashta
1553:Andronovo
1454:CernavodÄ
1427:East Asia
1382:Khvalynsk
1122:Philology
1032:Particles
918:Phonology
859:Liburnian
834:Tocharian
829:Anatolian
798:Nuristani
691:Languages
656:Ethnonyms
634:festivals
632:, dance,
618:ringforts
554:venerated
550:many gods
548:who had
518:Gaeltacht
484:conquered
474:High King
472:, with a
444:. In the
411:DĂĄl Riata
366:) are an
172:Languages
156:Australia
19365:Monastic
19330:Calendar
19314:Shamrock
19309:Red Hand
19247:Rounders
18912:Wren Day
18846:Sean-nĂłs
18798:Guinness
18742:Drisheen
18618:Assembly
18600:Taxation
18503:Unionism
18470:Politics
18403:Counties
18147:Land War
18039:Clontarf
18035:Glenmama
17909:Timeline
17753:Uoluntii
17726:articles
17724:Related
17700:Na hArda
17690:Latharna
17625:Bairrche
17599:Rosnaree
17450:CĂșscraid
17345:Sobairce
17308:O'Melody
17183:MacShane
17176:MacLeavy
17172:O'Keegan
17147:O'Kearon
17144:O'Doonan
17119:O'Beglin
17111:O'Mulvey
17108:MacDorcy
17087:MacFolan
17033:O'Lennon
17029:O'Scurry
17001:O'Bergin
16949:McCartan
16944:Magennis
16939:MacGowan
16912:Kindreds
16799:articles
16797:Related
16773:Clontarf
16768:Glenmama
16467:Kavanagh
16419:O'Garvey
16414:O'Murphy
16399:Kinsella
16268:Category
16123:Knockdoe
16118:Glenmama
16108:Clontarf
15871:O'Phelan
15776:MacBrody
15771:O'Quilty
15730:O'Neilan
15707:O'Hickey
15661:O'Twomey
15652:O'Quirke
15643:O'Reagan
15638:O'Noonan
15618:O'Hurley
15608:O'Crotty
15583:MacMahon
15575:MacGrath
15550:MacGlynn
15533:O'Boland
15522:UĂ Bloid
15457:Category
15332:articles
15330:Related
15113:O'Broder
15108:MacBreen
15088:O'Dunphy
15075:O'Brophy
15071:O'Phelan
15058:O'Delany
15035:O'Kevane
15024:O'Cronin
15005:O'Dunlea
14996:O'Doheny
14992:O'Longan
14988:O'Twomey
14955:O'Downey
14950:O'Coffey
14922:MacNulty
14890:O'Baskin
14863:O'Falvey
14845:O'Quirke
14792:Paterson
14772:MacAulay
14757:MacLaren
14737:MacAlpin
14670:Category
14567:ClĂodhna
14537:Eberians
14515:articles
14513:Related
14327:Mongfind
14292:MuinemĂłn
14262:Mac TĂre
14247:O'Curran
14146:O'Cronin
14136:O'Connor
14098:Related
14025:O'Cronin
13983:O'Feehin
13980:O'Duggan
13968:O'Mahony
13940:MacAngus
13925:O'Cahill
13907:O'Keeffe
13767:Category
13669:Connacht
13622:articles
13402:Findemna
13317:O'Cleary
13312:O'Downey
13307:O'Madden
13274:O'Garvey
13264:O'Hanlon
13254:O'Boylan
13209:MacManus
13204:MacGuire
13199:MacMahon
13167:MacAuley
13157:O'Higgin
13147:O'Molloy
13120:UĂ NĂ©ill
13118:Southern
13099:O'Hamill
13084:O'Lunney
12980:UĂ NĂ©ill
12978:Northern
12954:O'Carney
12934:O'Cahill
12924:O'Cleary
12881:O'Malley
12876:O'Reilly
12871:O'Rourke
12861:O'Beirne
12856:MacManus
12779:Kindreds
12650:See also
12529:See also
12488:Leinster
12296:Connacht
12070:Gaesatae
11961:dialects
11924:Lepontic
11914:Galatian
11816:Goidelic
11666:Autonomy
11581:Politics
11534:Rounders
11386:Calendar
11359:Scotland
11344:Cornwall
11339:Brittany
11227:Clothing
11178:Knotwork
11156:Brooches
11128:Scotland
11113:Cornwall
11108:Brittany
10987:Y Wladfa
10942:Scotland
10906:Cornwall
10894:Brittany
10745:SeanchaĂ
10740:Tanistry
10700:Derbfine
10629:Scottish
10515:Brittany
10511:Domnonée
10507:Armorica
10502:Britonia
10484:Dumnonia
10459:DĂĄlriata
10144:Lepontii
10139:Helvetii
10124:Gallaeci
9985:Category
9947:UĂ Ămair
9824:Scottish
9733:UĂ NĂ©ill
9706:Nobility
9618:Language
9108:. Spain.
8334:20852924
7857:12 March
7387:Archived
7367:Archived
7172:20087410
6632:30007646
6506:14 April
6490:"Goidel"
6450:"Gaelic"
6353:Archived
6257:(Thesis)
6046:and the
5879:polygamy
5835:de facto
5779:Mag Mell
5601:Religion
5588:BBC Alba
5393:epitaphs
5250:Language
5184:FĂ©nechas
5174:tĂĄnaiste
5162:tanistry
5108:Misneach
5050:diaspora
4963:Stewarts
4961:and the
4943:Imperial
4909:the Pale
4843:Leinster
4815:and the
4813:Ă Briain
4792:Clontarf
4788:Glenmama
4776:Imperium
4740:UĂ Ămair
4695:Pictland
4676:Limerick
4492:UĂ NĂ©ill
4402:seanchaĂ
4390:aos dĂĄna
4383:and the
4337:Goidelic
4309:Medieval
4303:Hebrides
4301:and the
4291:Cornwall
4285:founded
4281:and the
4198:Agricola
4178:Lia FĂĄil
4149:Iron Age
4142:Iron Age
4121:Lia FĂĄil
4011:Scythian
3954:Scottish
3860:MacAngus
3858:and the
3834:and the
3801:Diaspora
3522:Ireland
3505:GĂ idhlig
3445:Hebrides
3434:Lowlands
3430:Scottish
3398:red hair
3336:UĂ NĂ©ill
3309:and the
3157:UĂ Maine
3149:UĂ NĂ©ill
2904:Nuaghail
2871:Hibernia
2822:ÎÎżÏ
ΔÏÎœÎżÎč
2771:*pi-wer-
2581:(1882).
2551:Gathelik
2534:DĂČmhnall
2522:Vestmenn
2512:Milesian
2507:Scotland
2369:Scholars
2267:Germanic
2238:Scottish
2203:Thracian
2197:Illyrian
2191:Albanian
2179:European
2172:Armenian
2156:Ossetian
2150:Scythian
2135:Yazidism
2085:Buddhism
2076:Hinduism
1967:Norsemen
1877:Anatolia
1794:Iranians
1787:Iranians
1768:Iron Age
1743:Hittites
1696:Colchian
1689:Caucasus
1647:Iron Age
1616:Lusatian
1611:Urnfield
1535:Srubnaya
1530:Poltavka
1520:Catacomb
1459:Cucuteni
1414:Caucasus
1231:Religion
1216:Homeland
1158:Behistun
1138:Linear B
1027:Numerals
1022:Pronouns
947:Balkanic
894:Thracian
887:Phrygian
880:Paeonian
866:Messapic
852:Illyrian
764:Hellenic
759:Germanic
728:Armenian
720:Albanian
714:Albanoid
665:a series
663:Part of
646:Scottish
574:Lughnasa
542:tanistry
527:Americas
496:Galloway
458:Pictland
438:in Wales
432:and the
430:Scotland
415:Scotland
378:and the
376:Scotland
359:Ny Gaeil
333:Na Gaeil
249:Paganism
231:Religion
82:Ny Gaeil
62:Na Gaeil
18:Gaidheal
19335:Castles
19262:Symbols
19232:Hurling
19217:Camogie
19116:Firbolg
19102:Immrama
19095:Echtrai
19025:session
19008:Ballads
18985:Theatre
18974:Gaeilge
18968:Fiction
18903:Samhain
18818:Whiskey
18692:Cuisine
18680:Culture
18630:Economy
18526:Economy
18334:Islands
18309:Climate
18302:Natural
17897:History
17857:Ireland
17758:Cruthin
17640:Cruthin
17490:CĂĄelbad
17375:Berngal
17360:SlĂĄnoll
17300:O'Deely
17269:O'Neide
17234:O'Toler
17231:O'Breen
17209:O'Moran
17159:O'Quinn
17132:O'Murry
17074:O'Kealy
17045:MacGing
17025:MacWard
17014:Soghain
16996:MacEvoy
16987:O'Lalor
16984:O'Doran
16981:O'Deevy
16977:O'Kelly
16756:Battles
16656:Cumhall
16584:O'Kealy
16552:O'Feary
16515:Kearney
16482:O'Dwyer
16472:Branagh
16457:O'Dunne
16371:O'Byrne
16366:O'Toole
16345:O'Kelly
16341:O'Tighe
16334:UĂ MĂĄil
16204:Thomond
16199:Munster
16143:Athenry
16138:Sulcoit
16091:Battles
15881:MacHugh
15834:Fenelon
15814:Faherty
15806:Delbhna
15791:O'Quinn
15750:Torrens
15740:O'Grady
15633:O'Meara
15613:O'Hogan
15603:O'Casey
15598:O'Brien
15545:Eustace
15409:Munster
15404:Osraige
15364:DĂĄirine
15321:Dundalk
15068:O'Kealy
15065:O'Brody
15028:O'Baire
15019:O'Feely
14983:O'Leary
14978:O'Leahy
14968:O'Flynn
14964:O'Fealy
14840:O'Flynn
14815:O'Furey
14777:MacAdam
14747:MacDuff
14642:Munster
14499:Callann
14482:Battles
14458:Carbery
14428:Ardmore
14208:O'Regan
14156:Dennehy
14131:O'Flynn
14121:O'Leary
14100:peoples
14069:O'Kirby
14064:O'Irwin
14047:O'Neill
14029:O'Flynn
14022:O'Bogue
13987:O'Leary
13930:O'Flynn
13719:Uisnech
13620:Related
13611:Kinsale
13589:Battles
13457:GrĂĄinne
13407:Clothru
13342:MacEgan
13292:O'Kelly
13269:O'Rogan
13249:O'Heany
13224:MacRory
13189:MacCann
13162:MacCary
13104:MacCaul
13094:O'Quinn
13089:O'Hagan
13069:O'Cahan
13064:MacEwen
13049:MacNeil
13039:O'Neill
13031:nEĂłgain
13019:Dunkeld
13009:O'Boyle
12991:Conaill
12959:O'Towey
12949:O'Coyne
12919:O'Heyne
12836:O'Teige
12438:MĂșscraĂ
12384:Munster
12267:Na Rosa
12258:Donegal
12123:Deities
12080:Hobelar
12042:Warfare
12005:Warfare
11939:Pictish
11934:Cumbric
11909:Gaulish
11881:Extinct
11801:Cornish
11599:history
11544:Hurling
11518:Ladies'
11509:Curling
11482:Camogie
11409:Beltane
11391:Samhain
11349:Ireland
11118:Ireland
11013:Culture
10982:England
10918:Ireland
10876:Nations
10775:Coinage
10765:Warfare
10658:Society
10649:Cornish
10639:British
10542:Galatia
10532:Balkans
10440:Studies
10177:Cornish
10172:Bretons
10149:Noricum
10104:Britons
10077:Peoples
9945:(incl.
9840:Related
9791:(incl.
9768:(incl.
9753:(incl.
9731:(incl.
7621:(2007).
7163:2799514
7134:2015).
7093:1380239
6835:28 June
6598:"Irish"
6056:of the
6007:basis.
5855:Patrick
5673:Samhain
5665:Beltane
5236:Ceilidh
5142:Culture
5114:), the
5008:, King
4764:Munster
4762:raided
4664:Rathlin
4660:Vikings
4639:Iceland
4598:Clonard
4547:Columba
4490:), the
4484:Thomond
4381:Finnian
4373:Patrick
4347:Pictish
4247:). The
4245:Ptolemy
4194:Tacitus
4136:of the
4092:Ancient
4078:Amergin
4055:Galicia
4051:BreogĂĄn
4043:Getulia
4035:Scythia
3965:History
3927:Cardiff
3911:Glasgow
3899:Oceania
3794:95,788
3785:62,199
3742:14,000
3648:Canada
3608:25,870
3597:38,108
3579:57,602
3567:64,916
3497:Gaeilge
3465:Donegal
3449:Glasgow
3346:, with
3311:Basques
3208:MacLeod
3073:of the
3032:Scottis
3022:David I
3010:Scottas
2969:Vikings
2961:Britons
2866:Ivernia
2862:Tacitus
2804:Ptolemy
2783:of the
2767:*Iveriu
2722:Ptolemy
2700:, then
2686:Normans
2626:Guoidel
2622:Guoidel
2559:Goidels
2301:Latvian
2259:Cornish
2129:Kurdish
2115:Persian
2107:Iranian
2099:Sikhism
2092:Jainism
2055:Hittite
1994:Iranian
1890:Dacians
1683:Jastorf
1606:Tumulus
1586:ĂnÄtice
1515:Yamnaya
1510:Chariot
1448:Usatovo
1389:Yamnaya
1226:Society
1210:Origins
1143:Rigveda
995:Grammar
822:Extinct
812:Romance
791:Iranian
588:in the
570:Beltane
562:Samhain
407:Ireland
372:Ireland
221:English
124:Ireland
19340:Cinema
19139:People
19088:Aos SĂ
19075:Ulster
19070:Fenian
19060:Cycles
18990:Triads
18980:Poetry
18963:Annals
18940:Shelta
18893:LĂșnasa
18873:Imbolc
18808:PoitĂn
18788:Coffee
18781:Drinks
18732:Coddle
18398:Cities
18349:Rivers
18339:Loughs
18024:Events
17882:topics
17874:topics
17860:topics
17801:Irians
17582:Places
17390:SĂrlĂĄm
17213:Martin
17123:Borden
16972:O'More
16964:LoĂgis
16763:Confey
16730:Places
16566:O'Duff
16535:Carney
16530:Mooney
16525:Hughes
16434:Morrow
16429:O'Ryan
16310:Laigin
16194:Aibell
16025:Places
15876:O'Bric
15849:Scully
15796:Perkin
15745:Stoney
15697:Harley
15536:Coombe
15529:Ahearn
15369:Darini
15359:Iverni
15304:Places
15191:CĂș RoĂ
14927:MacLea
14868:O'Shea
14767:Macnab
14762:Macfie
14712:Ărainn
14504:Dunboy
14416:Places
14337:Aimend
14287:Lugaid
14126:Coffey
13977:O'Long
13684:Ailech
13548:Places
13059:Lamont
13029:Cenél
12989:Cenél
12939:O'Dowd
12561:Antrim
12311:Galway
12243:Ulster
12118:Tribes
12065:Fianna
11852:Shelta
11796:Breton
11616:status
11554:Shinty
11529:Gouren
11493:Cnapan
11487:Cammag
11400:Imbolc
11323:Carnyx
11249:Tartan
11168:Carnyx
10935:Mannin
10911:Kernow
10899:Breizh
10769:Gaelic
10725:FĂĄinne
10670:Brehon
10644:Breton
10593:Druids
10447:Places
10154:Volcae
10099:Belgae
10060:·
10058:
10052:·
10050:
10044:·
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9807:Ulster
9799:, and
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9583:Am MĂČd
9563:FĂĄinne
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8270:2 July
8261:
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7740:
7435:"Manx"
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7160:
7090:
6891:. eDil
6889:"fĂan"
6869:. eDil
6867:"fine"
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6799:"Erse"
6779:"Scot"
6701:
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6540:"FĂ©ni"
6470:"Gael"
6328:
6286:2 July
6261:2 July
6236:
6228:
6070:Dunadd
5859:Briton
5797:immram
5791:echtra
5750:Brigid
5746:Aengus
5661:Imbolc
5547:and a
5288:, and
5262:, and
5064:Modern
4959:Tudors
4938:(1845)
4871:burghs
4837:. The
4672:Dublin
4602:Durrow
4456:Cashel
4440:cĂłiced
4432:tĂșatha
4428:tĂșatha
4377:DeclĂĄn
4371:slave
4359:areas.
4353:
4349:areas.
4343:
4339:areas.
4333:
4299:Argyll
4230:Ailech
4210:Ărainn
4130:Celtic
4108:, and
4047:Iberia
4037:, the
3956:, and
3907:Dublin
3903:London
3848:Argyll
3791:1,689
3758:(2006)
3755:12,792
3750:(2006)
3744:(2013)
3728:46,000
3718:(2011)
3710:(2001)
3704:(2011)
3696:(2011)
3694:1,895
3675:(2006)
3667:(2011)
3665:1,500
3661:(2006)
3653:(2011)
3651:7,500
3632:(2013)
3624:(2000)
3622:1,605
3618:(2013)
3610:(2000)
3599:(2011)
3593:(2000)
3591:1,689
3587:(2011)
3581:(2011)
3575:(2011)
3569:(2011)
3533:(2011)
3527:(2022)
3493:State
3485:Boston
3469:Galway
3457:Dublin
3357:found
3245:; the
3195:. The
3193:Ulster
3181:Laigin
3169:Ărainn
3071:tartan
3027:Inglis
2965:Angles
2959:, the
2877:Scotia
2854:Caesar
2826:Ărainn
2814:Iverni
2781:Ernmas
2740:Irisce
2718:Iverni
2663:Fenian
2657:Fianna
2316:Slavic
2295:Baltic
2245:Breton
2225:Celtic
2209:Dacian
2165:Others
1945:Europe
1818:Europe
1812:Yuezhi
1666:Europe
1653:Steppe
1564:Europe
1421:Maykop
1375:Samara
1331:Kurgan
1148:Avesta
930:Ablaut
926:Accent
873:Mysian
845:Dacian
806:Italic
754:Celtic
746:Slavic
739:Baltic
707:Extant
638:sports
636:, and
566:Imbolc
546:pagans
423:raided
282:·
280:
274:·
272:
266:·
264:
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241:·
239:
211:·
209:
207:Shelta
203:·
201:
195:·
193:
187:·
185:
148:Canada
77:·
75:
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19454:Gaels
19370:Names
19323:Other
19287:Flags
19199:Sport
19152:Gaels
19080:Kings
19014:CĂ©ilĂ
19000:Music
18935:Irish
18832:Dance
18793:Cream
18727:Champ
18722:Boxty
18645:local
18546:local
18432:Towns
18417:Ports
18374:Human
18329:Fauna
17791:Gaels
17705:Semne
17685:Eilne
17645:Cobha
17405:Macha
17041:Gilly
16954:Lynch
16905:Ulaid
16806:Gaels
16671:Oscar
16666:OisĂn
16520:Tracy
16404:Kehoe
16159:Gaels
15844:Logue
15824:Heney
15781:O'Dea
15692:Flood
15648:Power
15429:Ulaid
15339:Gaels
15118:O'Dea
15009:O'Hea
14820:O'Hea
14522:Gaels
14473:Beara
14204:O'Hea
14171:Irwin
14166:Leahy
14151:O'Hea
14007:O'Hea
13724:Brega
13629:Gaels
12682:Gaels
12502:Meath
12399:Kerry
12108:Lists
11929:Noric
11844:Mixed
11824:Irish
11806:Welsh
11470:Bando
11463:Sport
11364:Wales
11280:Music
11213:Torcs
11203:Mazes
11133:Wales
10959:Cymru
10954:Wales
10837:Music
10760:Vates
10755:TĂșath
10705:Druid
10634:Welsh
10624:Irish
10210:Scots
10192:Irish
10187:Gaels
10182:Welsh
10129:Gauls
10119:Gaels
10090:Names
10062:
10054:
10046:
10027:Celts
9938:Celts
9789:Ulaid
9755:DĂ©isi
9694:Kings
9681:Irish
9673:Clans
9654:Irish
9598:TĂșath
9489:Ogham
9359:Gaels
8338:S2CID
8330:JSTOR
7560:(PDF)
7517:(PDF)
7510:(PDF)
7413:(PDF)
7406:(PDF)
7272:(PDF)
7265:(PDF)
7240:(PDF)
7233:(PDF)
6829:(PDF)
6822:(PDF)
6699:S2CID
6628:JSTOR
6306:(PDF)
6234:S2CID
6128:(PDF)
5978:Notes
5770:sĂdhe
5738:Nuada
5629:pagan
5389:Ogham
5369:Irish
5310:ogham
5220:music
5029:with
4742:king
4648:papar
4643:Norse
4563:Latin
4559:Greek
4551:Aidan
4500:Brega
4488:Ulaid
4468:DĂ©isi
4444:tĂșath
4423:tĂșath
4275:DĂ©isi
4267:Picts
4258:Scoti
4031:Crete
4027:Egypt
4023:Scota
3979:Scota
3950:Irish
3931:Leeds
3844:Wales
3840:Dyfed
3775:Total
3685:4,725
3642:6,955
3513:Gaelg
3422:Irish
3383:Y-DNA
3307:Welsh
3299:Irish
3185:Ulaid
3118:clann
3097:septs
3093:fine.
3088:clann
3069:Clan
3036:Scots
2974:Scoti
2957:Picts
2918:Scots
2882:Scoti
2858:Pliny
2818:Greek
2793:FĂłdla
2789:Banba
2736:Irish
2708:Irish
2620:form
2610:Gaeil
2592:. In
2588:word
2528:Tadhg
2502:Scoti
2497:Latin
2495:. In
2492:Scots
2486:Irish
2287:Norse
2252:Welsh
2231:Irish
2220:Roman
2215:Greek
2070:Vedic
1962:Slavs
1957:Balts
1831:Gauls
1825:Celts
1807:Wusun
1702:India
1478:Baden
1178:Ogham
1153:Homer
1040:Other
1017:Nouns
1012:Verbs
770:Greek
642:Irish
630:music
590:ogham
538:clans
392:Irish
329:Irish
323:GAYLZ
295:Gaels
284:
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225:Scots
213:
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183:Irish
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19189:Yola
18803:Mist
18767:Stew
18700:Food
18354:list
16737:Naas
15712:Hogg
14552:Ăine
13714:Mide
13397:Medb
12429:Cork
12361:Mayo
12003:and
11829:Manx
11716:and
10947:Alba
10923:Ăire
10842:Rock
10750:Sept
10730:Fili
10665:Bard
10463:Alba
10205:Manx
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9949:and
9829:List
9721:List
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9547:Manx
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9273:ISBN
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9216:ISBN
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8467:ISBN
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8427:ISBN
8408:ISBN
8387:ISBN
8368:ISBN
8293:ISBN
8272:2017
8259:ISBN
8144:2014
7970:ISBN
7859:2020
7738:ISBN
7586:2015
7525:2015
7493:2015
7468:2014
7421:2015
7351:2023
7302:2014
7280:2014
7248:2015
7216:2015
7168:PMID
7069:2015
7043:2015
6897:2021
6875:2021
6851:ISBN
6837:2015
6735:2017
6556:ISBN
6508:2010
6326:ISSN
6288:2017
6263:2017
6226:ISSN
6174:2015
6106:2023
5930:and
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