Galápagos Islands

75: 3907: 1557: 3747: 3976: 3184: 2107: 1205: 4069: 3587: 2158:) for days, and dense fog conceals the islands. During the warm season from December to May, the average sea and air temperatures rise to around 25 °C (77 °F), there is no wind at all, and the sun shines apart from sporadic strong downpours. Weather also changes as altitude increases on the larger islands. Temperature decreases gradually with altitude, while precipitation increases due to the condensation of moisture from clouds on the slopes. This pattern of generally wet highlands and drier lowlands affects the plant life on the larger islands. The vegetation in the highlands tends to be green and lush, with tropical woodland in places. The lowland areas tend to have arid and semi-arid vegetation, with many thorny shrubs and cacti and areas of barren volcanic rock. 2075: 8389: 4513:) attacks small Galápagos tortoises when they leave the nest, so in Pinzón they stopped the reproduction for a period of more than 50 years; only adults were found on that island. Also, where the black rat is found, the endemic rat has disappeared. Cattle and donkeys eat all the available vegetation and compete with native species for scarce water. In 1959, fishermen introduced one male and two female goats to Pinta island; by 1973, the National Park service estimated the population of goats to be over 30,000 individuals. Goats were also introduced to Marchena in 1967 and to Rabida in 1971. A goat eradication program, however, cleared the goats from Pinta and Santiago and most of the goat population from Isabela, and, by 2006, all 4044: 4016: 3223: 4083: 1759: 3665:. Ecuadorian laws provided all colonists with the possibility of receiving twenty hectares each of free land, the right to maintain their citizenship, freedom from taxation for the first ten years in Galápagos, and the right to hunt and fish freely on all uninhabited islands where they might settle. The first European colonists to arrive were Norwegians who settled briefly on Floreana, before moving on to San Cristobal and Santa Cruz. A few years later, other colonists from Europe, America and Ecuador started arriving on the islands, seeking a simpler life. Descendants of the Norwegian Kastdalen family and the German Angermeyer still live on the islands. 3921: 1610:– It bears the name of the convent of Rábida, where Columbus left his son during his voyage to the Americas. It has an area of 4.95 km (1.91 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 367 m (1,204 ft). The high amount of iron contained in the lava at Rábida gives it a distinctive red colour. White-cheeked pintail ducks live in a saltwater lagoon close to the beach, where brown pelicans and boobies have built their nests. Until recently, flamingos were also found in the lagoon, but they have since moved on to other islands, likely due to a lack of food on Rábida. Nine species of finches have been reported in this island. 878: 7553: 4055: 3949:

boats for rudimentary cruising with guests. These vessels were the main source of overnight accommodations in the Galápagos. Today there are about 85 yachts and ships equipped for overnight guests. In 2006 the Baltra military governed island, was opened up to limited overnight camping. Baltra also requires permits by the military government for overnight stays on the beach. Other inhabited islands also allow camping on the beaches designated as "recreational" use to the locals. All of these camping permits are limited to number of people and nights, with most nights not to exceed three.

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Skjølsvold's archaeological sites rejected their conclusions. They found that—at all locations excavated by the 1952 survey—artifacts of Indian and European origin were interspersed without the distinct spatial or stratigraphic arrangement that would be expected from independent sequential deposition. (Heyerdahl and Skjølsvold had noted this in their original report while ignoring its implications.) Radiocarbon dates from the sites placed them in the post-Spanish era and preliminary paleoenvironmental analysis showed no disturbance older than 500 years

1355:, who sponsored the voyage of Columbus. Fernandina has an area of 642 km (248 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 1,494 m (4,902 ft). This is the youngest and westernmost island. On 13 May 2005, a new, very eruptive process began on this island, when an ash and water vapor cloud rose to a height of 7 km (23,000 ft) and lava flows descended the slopes of the volcano on the way to the sea. Punta Espinosa is a narrow stretch of land where hundreds of marine iguanas gather, largely on black lava rocks. The famous 1012:. For instance, Isabela Island includes six major volcanoes, Ecuador, Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negra and Cerro Azul, with most recent eruptions ranging from 1813 to 2008. The neighboring islands of Santiago and Fernandina last erupted in 1906 and 2009, respectively. Overall, the nine active volcanoes in the archipelago have erupted 24 times between 1961 and 2011. The shape of these volcanoes is tall and rounded as opposed wide and smooth in the Hawaiian Islands. The Galápagos's shape is due to the pattern of radial and circumferential 3709: 1194: 4644:

Galapagos and created a wildlife catastrophe. The 1997–98 El Niño adversely affected wildlife in the waters surrounding the islands, as the waters were 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than normal. Corals and barnacles suffered, hammerhead sharks were driven away, and most of the island's seabirds failed to breed in 1997–98. The mortality rate of marine iguanas rose as the green algae they feed on was replaced by inedible red algae. During the 1982–83 El Niño, 70% of the marine iguanas starved to death because of this.

3400: 2797: 1615: 3075: 4110: 7591: 2988: 3059: 9011: 1147:(IHO) considers them wholly within the South Pacific Ocean, however. The Galápagos Archipelago consists of 7,880 km (3,040 sq mi) of land spread over 45,000 km (17,000 sq mi) of ocean. The largest of the islands, Isabela, measures 2,250 square miles (5,800 km) and makes up close to three-quarters of the total land area of the Galápagos. Volcán Wolf on Isabela is the highest point, with an elevation of 1,707 m (5,600 ft) 1690: 3208: 9035: 7675: 4095: 4684: 7723: 7541: 1236:. Private planes flying to Galápagos must fly to Baltra, as it is the only airport with facilities for private planes. On arriving in Baltra, all visitors are immediately transported by bus to one of two docks. The first dock is located in a small bay, where the boats cruising Galápagos await passengers. The second is a ferry dock, which connects Baltra to the island of Santa Cruz. During the 1940s, scientists decided to move 70 of Baltra's 7746: 204: 7193: 7565: 4670: 3763: 9023: 1494: 7731: 4030: 4503:

and iguanas. Pigs are even more harmful, covering larger areas and destroying the nests of tortoises, turtles and iguanas, as well as eating the animals' native food. Pigs also knock down vegetation in their search for roots and insects. This problem abounds in Cerro Azul volcano and Isabela, and in Santiago, pigs may be the cause of the disappearance of the land iguanas that were so abundant when Darwin visited. The

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of the tortoise hunters had a narrow escape and had to run a gauntlet of fire to get back to the ship. Soon almost the entire island was in flames. Crewmembers reported that after a day of sailing away they could still see the flames against the horizon. One crewmember who returned to the Galápagos several years afterward described the entire island as still a blackened wasteland.

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of whaleships to exploit the new whaling ground and the Galápagos Islands became a frequent stop for the whalers both before and after visiting what came to be known as the Offshore Grounds. This led to the establishment in the Galápagos Islands of a kind of unofficial "post office" where whaleships stopped to pick up and drop off letters as well as for provisioning and repairing.

2131:, a rise in sea level, greater wave action, and a depletion of nutrients in the water. This cycle can greatly affect the precipitation from one year to another. At Charles Darwin Station, the precipitation during the month of March in the particularly wet year of 1969 was 249.0 mm (9.80 in), but during March 1970 the next year it was only 1.2 mm (0.047 in). 1725:. The Highlands of Santa Cruz offer exuberant flora, and are famous for the lava tunnels. Large tortoise populations are found here. Black Turtle Cove is a site surrounded by mangroves, which sea turtles, rays and small sharks sometimes use as a mating area. Cerro Dragón, known for its flamingo lagoon, is also located here, and along the trail one may see land iguanas foraging. 2001:- One of the most recognizable of the Galapagos Islands, Sombrero Chino name means "Chinese Hat." It's easy to see why: this islet off of Santiago is shaped like an old-fashioned Chinaman's hat, a gently sloping cone rising out of the clear Galapagos water. Because of its distinctive shape, Sombrero Chino has fascinated visitors as long as they have been coming to Galapagos. 3525:) used as a coloring agent. After the assassination of Valdizán by some of his workers, Cobos brought from the continent to San Cristóbal Island a group of more than a hundred workers, and tried his luck at planting sugar cane. He ruled his plantation with an iron hand, which led to his assassination in 1904. In 1897, Antonio Gil began another plantation on Isabela Island. 4656: 1321:, but unsuccessfully. Española's steep cliffs serve as the perfect runways for these birds, which take off for their ocean feeding grounds near the mainland of Ecuador and Peru. Española has two visitor sites. Gardner Bay is a swimming and snorkelling site, and offers a great beach. Punta Suarez has migrant, resident, and endemic wildlife, including brightly colored 4499:, knowing that British pirates ate the goats that they themselves had released in the islands, ordered dogs to be freed there to eliminate the goats. Also, when colonization of Floreana by José de Villamil failed, he ordered the goats, donkeys, cattle and other animals from the farms in Floreana be transferred to other islands for the purpose of later colonization. 1075: 1091: 1903:- A small island of the coast of Santa Cruz. It is an island group composed of two crescent-shaped islets—North Guy Fawkes I. (I. Guy Fawkes Norte) and South Guy Fawkes I. (I. Guy Fawkes Sud)—and two rocks located northwest of Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos Archipelago in Ecuador. The group is uninhabited but sometimes visited by scuba divers. 3443:, primarily a geologist at the time, was struck by the many volcanic features they saw, later referring to the archipelago as "that land of craters". His study of several volcanic formations over the five weeks he stayed in the islands led to several important geological discoveries, including the first correct explanation for how volcanic 1305:. It has an area of 60 km (23 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 206 metres (676 ft). Española is the oldest island at around 3.5 million years, and the southernmost in the group. Due to its remote location, Española has a large number of endemic species. It has its own species of lava lizard, mockingbird, and 1777:– Its name is equivalent to Saint James in English; it is also known as San Salvador, after the first island discovered by Columbus in the Caribbean Sea. This island has an area of 585 km (226 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 907 m (2,976 ft). Marine iguanas, sea lions, fur seals, land and sea turtles, 3673:. After the war, the facilities were given to the government of Ecuador. Today, the island continues as an official Ecuadorian military base. The foundations and other remains of the US base can still be seen as one crosses the island. In 1946, a penal colony was established on Isabela Island, but it was suspended in 1959. 2043:- Eden Island is a sliver of volcanic rock located along the northwest shore of the large Santa Cruz Island. Isla El Edén measures less than 2,000 square feet in diameter. Despite its small size of .01 square miles, it exhibits three distinct landscapes. One is flat, arid and barren. In the middle is a 233 foot cliff. 4150:(CDF) was founded the same year. The core responsibility of CDF, an international nongovernmental organization (NGO) constituted in Belgium, is to conduct research and provide the research findings to the government for effective management of Galápagos. CDF's research efforts began with the establishment of the 1291:, a natural rock arch which would at one time have been part of this larger structure, are located less than a kilometre from the main Darwin Island, and it was a landmark well known to the island's few visitors. It collapsed in May 2021. The two remaining stumps are now nicknamed the "Pillars of Evolution". 4502:

Non-native goats, pigs, dogs, rats, cats, mice, sheep, horses, donkeys, cows, poultry, ants, cockroaches, and some parasites inhabit the islands today. Dogs and cats attack the tame birds and destroy the nests of birds, land tortoises, and marine turtles. They sometimes kill small Galápagos tortoises

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Introduced plants and animals, such as feral goats, cats, and cattle, brought accidentally or willingly to the islands by humans, represent the main threat to Galápagos. Quick to reproduce and with no natural predators, these alien species decimated the habitats of native species. The native animals,

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Though the first protective legislation for the Galápagos was enacted in 1930 and supplemented in 1936, it was not until the late 1950s that positive action was taken to control what was happening to the native flora and fauna. In 1955, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature organized

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Until 1969 the only way to visit was on a private or chartered vessel. There was no regular air service until Forrest Nelson's Hotel Galápagos began the first organized tours in April 1969. Soon other travel companies brought in tour ships and yachts, and local fishermen began converting their wooden

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out of Nantucket stopped at the Galápagos for these purposes on its way to the Offshore Grounds. On Colnett's Charles Island, while most of the crew were hunting tortoises one crewmember, English boatsteerer Thomas Chappel—for reasons still unclear—lit a fire which quickly burned out of control. Some

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In late June 2018, Sierra Negra, one of five volcanoes on Isabela and one of the most active in the Galapagos archipelago, began erupting for the first time since 2005. Lava flows made their way to the coastline, prompting the evacuation of about fifty nearby residents and restricting tourist access.

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In 1959, approximately 1,000 to 2,000 people called the islands their home. In 1972 a census in the archipelago recorded a population of 3,488. By the 1980s, this number had risen to more than 15,000 people, and in 2010 there were 25,124 people in the Galápagos. 2021 projected population was 40,685.

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was established in 1959, with tourism starting to expand in the 1960s, imposing several restrictions upon the human population already living on the island. However, opportunities in the tourism, fishing, and farming industries attracted a mass of poor fishermen and farmers from mainland Ecuador. In

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of others during some seasons. During March 1969, the precipitation over Charles Darwin Station on the southern coast of Santa Cruz was 249.0 mm (9.80 in), while on nearby Baltra Island the precipitation during the same month was only 137.6 mm (5.42 in). This is because Baltra is

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activities, in addition to other problems of development. The most pressing threat to the Marine Reserve comes from local, mainland and foreign fishing targeting marine life illegally within the Reserve, such as sharks (hammerheads and other species) for their fins, and the harvest of sea cucumbers

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under Captain George Washington Gardner discovered a "mother lode" of sperm whales some thousand miles west of the South American coast approximately at the equator. He returned to Nantucket in 1820 with more than 2,000 barrels of sperm whale oil and the news of his discovery. This led to an influx

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flute and shards from more than 130 pieces of ceramics, later identified as pre-Incan. However, no remains of graves, ceremonial vessels, or buildings have ever been found, suggesting no permanent settlement occurred before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. A 2016 reanalysis of Heyerdahl and

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has adversely affected the marine ecosystem. In January 2001, an oil slick from a stranded tanker threatened the islands, but winds and shifting ocean currents helped disperse the oil before much damage was done. The devastating El Niño of 1982–83 saw almost six times as much rain as normal in the

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A satellite map of chlorophyll and phytoplankton concentration (top) paired with a map of oceanic surface temperatures at the same time (bottom). The thriving populations represented by green and yellow in the upper map correlate to areas of higher surface temperatures represented by yellow in the

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stayed in the archipelago for less than two weeks in 1888, but managed to stop at eight different islands. The ship's naturalists and crew gathered specimens at each anchorage, concentrating on birds, reptiles, and fish. The landfalls included the abandoned settlement on Charles Island, where the

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killed and captured thousands of the Galápagos tortoises to extract their fat. The tortoises could be kept on board ship as a means of providing of fresh protein, as these animals could survive for several months on board without any food or water. The hunting of the tortoises was responsible for

1258:– Bartolomé Island is a volcanic islet just off the east coast of Santiago Island in the Galápagos Islands group. it is one of the younger islands in the Galápagos archipelago. This island, and neighbouring Sulivan Bay on Santiago (James) island, are named after lifelong friend of Charles Darwin, 4628:

The islands' biodiversity is under threat from several sources. The human population is growing at a rate of 8% per year (1995). Introduced species have caused damage, and in 1996 a US$ 5 million, five-year eradication plan commenced in an attempt to rid the islands of introduced species such as

3396:—renamed Bolivia—and leaving Lawson as its mayor. Gen. Villamil's successors—incompetent, strict, or both—prompted a bloody uprising in 1841 that caused most settlers to return to the mainland. Villamil returned to try to rebuild afterwards but was unsuccessful and abandoned the attempt in 1848. 1007:

prior to eruption. Sierra Negra on Isabela Island experienced a 240 cm (94 in) uplift between 1992 and 1998, most recent eruption in 2005, while Fernandina on Fernandina Island indicated an uplift of 90 cm (35 in), most recent eruption in 2009. Alcedo on Isabela Island had an

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There are over 700 introduced plant species today. There are only 500 native and endemic species. This difference is creating a major problem for the islands and the natural species that inhabit them. These plants have invaded large areas and eliminated endemic species in the humid zones of San

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During World War II, Ecuador authorized the United States to establish a naval base in Baltra Island, and radar stations in other strategic locations. Baltra was established as a United States Army Air Force base. Baltra was given the name of "Beta Base" along with "Alpha Base" in Nicaragua and

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may have been growing in the Galápagos prior to 1535. This opens a direction for future research which might "constitute a strong line of evidence for accidental or deliberate landfall in the Galápagos by a Polynesian vessel", although the report noted current scholarship finds no evidence that

1596:– Named after the Pinta caravel, it has an area of 60 km (23 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 777 m (2,549 ft). Sea lions, Galápagos hawks, giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and dolphins can be seen here. Pinta Island was home to the last remaining Pinta tortoise, called 3455:

were unrelated to each other and did not bother labelling them by island. Acting as governor of the islands while Villamil was on the mainland, Nicholas Lawson met Darwin and the British crew, mentioning in passing that the tortoises of the different islands could be easily identified by their

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For a long time during the early 1900s and at least through 1929, a cash-strapped Ecuador had reached out for potential buyers of the islands to alleviate financial troubles at home. The US had repeatedly expressed its interest in buying the islands for military use as they were positioned

1572:. It has an area of 1.9 km (0.73 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 28 m (92 ft). This island is home to a large population of blue-footed boobies and swallow-tailed gulls. It hosts one of the largest populations of frigate birds. It was formed from geological uplift. 3952:

Land based hotels are opening on the inhabited islands of San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Floreana and Isabela. By 2012, more than half the visitors to Galápagos made their tours using day boats and these small hotels. Restaurants, easy access and economy make this an attractive travel option.

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Mosquera is also home to one of the largest colonies of sea lions in the Galapagos, and there have been occasional orca whale sightings around the islet. As is usual in the archipelago, the islet is shared by many seabirds, marine iguanas, blue-footed boobies and Sally Lightfoot crabs.

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Most of the Galápagos is covered in semi-desert vegetation, including shrublands, grasslands, and dry forest. A few of the islands have high-elevation areas with cooler temperatures and higher rainfall, which are home to humid-climate forests and shrublands, and montane grasslands

2963:, suggesting no evidence from the survey that the islands were visited prior to their Spanish discovery in 1535. The authors suggested that native artifacts found by Heyerdahl and Skjølsvold had probably been brought as mementos or souvenirs at the time of Spanish occupation. 2065:- Corona Del Diablo, also known as the Devil's Crown, located off of Floreana Island, not far from the shore, is a ring of uneven rocks that stick out of the water. Its name comes from the fact that it looks almost like an uncomfortable crown, that only the devil could wear. 3149:, whose remains scattered pottery around the islands. Publishing the first thorough chart of the islands, Cowley coined the English names for 16 of the islands, chiefly honoring English royalty, nobles, and Jamaican officials of the era who might provide future patronage. 1862:

plants, which form a reddish carpet on top of the lava formations. Iguanas (land, marine and some hybrids of both species) are abundant, and large numbers of birds can be observed from the cliffs at the southern part of the island, including tropic birds and swallow-tailed

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abound. At the skirts and calderas of the volcanoes of Isabela, land iguanas and Galápagos tortoises can be observed, as well as Darwin finches, Galápagos hawks, Galápagos doves and very interesting lowland vegetation. The third-largest human settlement of the archipelago,

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the 1990s and 2000s, violent confrontations between parts of the local population and the Galápagos National Park Service occurred, including capturing and killing giant tortoises and holding staff of the Galápagos National Park Service hostage to obtain higher annual

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of their eras continued to be used for the major islands until recently and are still used for many of the smaller islets. The Spanish names have varied over time, but the current official names have gradually supplanted the English ones for most of the major islands.

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In the 1920s and 1930s, a small wave of European settlers arrived in the islands. There occurred a series of unsolved disappearances on the island of Floreana in the 1930s among the largely European expatriate residents at the time, which prompted the movies

1082: 1098: 3669:"Gamma Base" in Salinas (continental Ecuador). The Crews stationed at Baltra and the aforementioned locations established a geographic triangle of protection in charge of patrolling the Pacific for enemy submarines, and also provided protection for the 4578:

out of season. Development threatens both land and sea species. The growth of both the tourism industry and local populations fuelled by high birth rates and illegal immigration threaten the wildlife of the Archipelago. The grounding of the oil tanker

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ship's captain report "great numbers of cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, sheep and hots were running wild" where native species once flourished, and a new sugarcane plantation and cattle ranch on Chatham Island that also encroached on wild habitat.

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on Santa Cruz Island in 1964. During the early years, conservation programs, such as eradication of introduced species and protection of native species, were carried out by research station personnel. Now much of that work is accomplished by the

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There are only 116 visitor sites in the Galápagos: 54 land sites and 62 scuba-diving or snorkeling sites. Small groups are allowed to visit in 2- to 4-hour shifts only, to limit impact on the area. All groups are accompanied by licensed guides.

2027:.Visually striking, the two rocks of Leon Dormindo, which means "Sleeping Lion," soar to some 450 feet (140 meters) into the air. The mild current between the two rocks creates a hotbed habitat for an extremely diverse group of fish and mammals. 3371:

the islands with their families. They were joined in October by additional artisans and farmers, bringing the population to about 120, at which point Villamil was formally made the area's first governor. Villamil's lieutenant governor was the

2017:- It is a group of seven small islets to the south of the bay of Puerto Villamil in the island of Isabela, that forms part of the archipelago and national park of the Galapagos Islands, including administratively in the Province Of Galapagos. 3435:. It reached the Galápagos on 15 September 1835 and—while surveying its islands, channels, and bays—the captain and others on the crew observed the geology, plants, and wildlife on Floreana, Isabela, and Santiago before continuing on their 1985:- Isla Tortuga is unique as the island is in the shape of a crescent. The island is actually a collapsed volcano that is a nesting location for a variety of seabirds such as Frigatebirds and the elusive Red-Billed Tropicbird, among others. 1830:– A small island directly north of Santa Cruz and directly west of Baltra, this very inaccessible island appears, though unnamed, on Ambrose Cowley's 1684 chart. It is important as the location of multidecade finch population studies by 4178:. This was later extended in December 2001 to include the marine reserve. In July 2010, the World Heritage Committee agreed to remove the Galápagos Islands from its list of precious sites endangered by environmental threats or overuse. 1115:

The islands are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 973 km (605 mi) off the west coast of South America. The majority of islands are also more broadly part of the South Pacific. The closest land mass is that of mainland

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and the headquarters of the Galápagos National Park Service are located here. The GNPS and CDRS operate a tortoise breeding centre here, where young tortoises are hatched, reared, and prepared to be reintroduced to their natural

1228:– Baltra is a small flat island located near the centre of the Galápagos. It was created by geological uplift. The island is very arid, and vegetation consists of salt bushes, prickly pear cacti and palo santo trees. Until 1986, 1578:– Named after the Pinzón brothers, captains of the Pinta and Niña caravels, it has an area of 18 km (6.9 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 458 m (1,503 ft) and has no permanent population. Home to giant 2942:, had visited the archipelago. There is, however, little evidence for this and many experts consider it a far-fetched legend, especially since the Incas were not typically a seafaring people. A 1952 archaeological survey by 1973:- Mosquera is one of the smallest islands in the archipelago. Located between North Seymour and Baltra Islands, it consists of many coral reefs, making it a great site for practicing snorkel and observing the marine life. 1711:

after her visit there in 1812. It has an area of 986 km (381 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 864.5 m (2,836 ft). Santa Cruz hosts the largest human population in the archipelago, the town of

1781:, dolphins and sharks are found here. Pigs and goats, which were introduced by humans to the islands and have caused great harm to the endemic species, have been eradicated (pigs by 2002; goats by the end of 2006). 1637:. It has an area of 558 km (215 sq mi) and its highest point rises to 730 m (2,400 ft). This is the first island in the Galápagos Archipelago Charles Darwin visited during his voyage on the 1415:. It has an area of 173 km (67 sq mi) and a maximum elevation of 640 m (2,100 ft). It is one of the islands with the most interesting human history, and one of the earliest to be inhabited. 2911:—were all uninhabited when discovered by Europeans, with no evidence to indicate any prehistoric human activity. The easternmost oceanic island in the South Pacific that was discovered with a human population was 1031:

for Fernandina, 0.65 Ma for Isabela, 1.10 Ma for Santiago, 1.7 Ma for Santa Cruz, 2.90 Ma for Santa Fe, and 3.2 Ma for San Cristobal. The calderas on Sierra Negra and Alcedo have active

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situation of Chile was expected to drastically change when the Panama Canal opened. Another benefit would be to widen the security radius of Chile. Chile was alarmed by the United States plans to establish a

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as part of a breeding and repopulation project, and in the 1990s, land iguanas were reintroduced to Baltra. As of 1997, scientists counted 97 iguanas living on Baltra; 13 of which had hatched on the islands.

1453:, Italy, the birthplace of Christopher Columbus. It has an area of 14 km (5.4 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 76 m (249 ft). This island is formed by the remaining edge of a large 4569:

The fast-growing poultry industry on the inhabited islands has been cause for concern from local conservationists, who fear domestic birds could introduce disease into the endemic wild bird populations.

1521:. With an area of 4,640 km (1,790 sq mi), it is the largest island of the Galápagos. Its highest point is Volcán Wolf, with an altitude of 1,707 m (5,600 ft). The island's 5979:

Nickerson, T. (c. 1876) Account of the Ship Essex Sinking, 1819–1821. Holograph ms. in the Thomas Nickerson Collection, 1819–1876, Folder 1. Nantucket, Massachusetts: Nantucket Historical Society.

3945:). Private aircraft must use Baltra as it is the airport equipped with overnight plane accommodations. Seymour Airport on Baltra was recently renovated (2012–2013) to accommodate larger planes. 1435:

that served as a post office, mail could be picked up and delivered to its destinations, mainly Europe and the United States, by ships on their way home. At the "Devil's Crown", an underwater

1044:. Fernandina has also been the most active volcano since 1790, with recent eruptions in 1991, 1995, 2005, and 2009, and the entire surface has been covered in numerous flows since 4.3 74: 6244:

Fischer, Ferenc (1999). "¿La guantánamo del océano pacífico? la rivalidad de los EE.UU., Alemania, Japón, y Chile por la adquisición de las islas galápagos antes de la I guerra mundial".

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operating in the Pacific. Colnett improved upon Cowley's chart, coining additional names although accidentally transferring Cowley's Charles Island from Española to Floreana. Whalers and

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uplift of greater than 90 cm, most recent eruption in 1993. Additional characteristics of the Galápagos Archipelago are closer volcano spacing, smaller volcano sizes, and larger

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The islands are found at the coordinates 1°40'N–1°36'S, 89°16'–92°01'W. Straddling the equator, islands in the chain are located in both the northern and southern hemispheres, with

3331:—renamed "Floriana" in the president's honour—early the next year. Hernández conducted a formal ceremony of annexation on Floreana on 12 February 1832, now celebrated locally as 3175:

greatly diminishing, and in some cases eliminating, certain species. Along with whalers came the fur-seal hunters, who brought the population of this animal close to extinction.

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for strategic reasons and lieutenant Gregorio Santa Cruz argued in 1903 that possessing an island in equatorial waters, like the Galápagos, would be of great benefit since the

1283:– This island is named after Charles Darwin. It has an area of 1.1 km (0.42 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 168 metres (551 ft). Here fur seals, frigates, 7452:, a comprehensive monograph by a former officer of the Galápagos National Park financed by the World Wildlife Fund and the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands 3256:

on the Floreana from 1807 to 1809. According to later accounts, Watkins managed to survive by hunting, growing vegetables and trading with visiting whalers before stealing a

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Lundh, Jacob (1995). "A brief account of some early inhabitants of Santa Cruz Island." In Noticias de Galápagos No. 55. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands.

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shape is the product of the merging of six large volcanoes into a single land mass. On this island, Galápagos penguins, flightless cormorants, marine iguanas, pelicans and

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There is also a large range in precipitation from one place to another and across the islands' two main seasons. The archipelago is mainly characterized by a mixture of a

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goats, rats, deer, and donkeys. Except for the rats, the project was essentially completed in 2006. Rats have only been eliminated from the smaller Galápagos Islands of

3029:. They found the islands they visited uninhabited and so arid and barren that two men and ten horses died for lack of fresh water and the rest were forced to subsist on 5698: 6722:

Heyerdahl, Thor; & Skjolsvold, Arne (1956). "Archaeological Evidence of Pre-Spanish Visits to the Galápagos Islands", Memoirs 12, Society for American Archaeology.

3456:

different shells. By the end of his voyage, Darwin was beginning to wonder if the distribution of the mockingbirds and the tortoises might "undermine the stability of

8388: 4919: 1166:(a tectonic plate), which is moving east/southeast, diving under the South American Plate at a rate of about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) per year. It is also atop the 3641:. Ecuador's staunch resistance to a US purchase or bases in the islands can be credited to Chilean diplomacy, which in turn was informally backed on this issue by 1244:

as part of an experiment. This move proved unexpectedly useful when the native iguanas became extinct on Baltra as a result of the island's military occupation in

1181:, are still being formed. In April 2009, lava from the volcanic island Fernandina started flowing both towards the island's shoreline and into the center caldera. 3518: 7122: 6840: 1731:– Named after a city in Spain, it has an area of 24 km (9.3 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 259 m (850 ft). Santa Fe hosts a forest of 6667: 5109:

Kurz, Mark; Rowland, Scott; Curtice, Joshua; Saal, Alberto; Naumann, Terry (2014). Harpp, Karen; Mittelstaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Graham, David (eds.).

4599:

decided to remove the Galápagos Islands from the list because the Committee found significant progress had been made by Ecuador in addressing these problems.

2152:

from June to November, the temperature near the sea is around 22 °C (72 °F), a steady cool wind blows from south and southeast, frequent drizzles (

1998: 1803:, frigatebirds, Nazca and red-footed boobies, marine iguanas, sharks, whales, dolphins and swallow-tailed gulls can be seen. The most famous resident is the 9118: 6549: 4799: 3514: 1866: 1027:, while those on the east are shorter, older, lack calderas, and have a more diverse composition. The ages of the islands, from west to east are 0.05 7208: 7148: 4524:

Six species of small non-native vertebrates have established self-sufficient populations in Galápagos and may become invasive: Fowler's snouted tree frog

9108: 3906: 2062: 1988: 120: 4978:

Mittlestaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Harpp, Karen; Graham, David (2014). Harpp, Karen; Mittelstaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Graham, David (eds.).

3460:". Upon his return to England, analysis of the bird specimens he had collected showed that what had appeared to be many different species were actually 3183: 4129:, in cooperation with the government of Ecuador, sent another expedition to study the conservation situation and choose a site for a research station. 3697: 5507: 5111:

Eruption Rates for Fernandina Volcano: A New Chronology at the Galapagos Hotspot Center, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

7812: 6261:

La creación de un área de influencia en América del Sur. Las relaciones políticas, económicas y militares de Chile con Ecuador y Paraguay (1883–1914)

5425:

Vinueza, L.; Branch, G.; Branch, M.; Bustamante, R. (2006). "Top-down herbivory and bottom-up El Niño effects on Galápagos rocky-shore communities".

2975:

Pacific islands beyond Easter Island "play a 'stepping stone' role in the interaction between Amerindians or Polynesians in prehistory". The lack of

999:

leading to eruptions forming the Galápagos Platform. Fernandina and Isabela in particular are aligned along these weaknesses. Lacking a well-defined

5244: 3033:. The ship left them unclaimed and unsettled. Berlanga, however, wrote a brief account of the islands, their condition, and their main wildlife for 2040: 1938: 1918: 6693: 1738:, which are the largest of the archipelago, and Palo Santo. Weathered cliffs provide a haven for swallow-tailed gulls, red-billed tropic birds and 5135: 1970: 1912: 1040:

2 km (1.2 mi) below the caldera. The caldera on Fernandina experienced the largest basaltic volcano collapse in history, with the 1968

7639: 7506: 7447: 4777: 2074: 2020: 2004: 1604:

on Santa Cruz Island, where scientists attempted to breed from him. However, Lonesome George died in June 2012 without producing any offspring.

8060: 3392:

in March 1833, violence and costs began to rise. Villamil was faced with bankruptcy by 1837 and resigned his post, founding a colony of 21 on

1556: 1540:– Named after Fray Antonio Marchena, it has an area of 130 km (50 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 343 m (1,125 ft). 6990: 2052: 2046: 2030: 1928: 1906: 1850:. It has an area of 0.13 km (0.050 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 23 m (75 ft). The flora of South Plaza includes 5086:

Plate Tectonics, Evolution, and the Survival of Species: A Modern Day Hotspot, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

1016:, radial on the flanks, but circumferential near the caldera summits. It is the circumferential fissures which give rise to stacks of short 1023:

The volcanoes at the west end of the archipelago are in general, taller, younger, have well developed calderas, and are mostly composed of

356: 7126: 6836: 6127: 3746: 1232:

was the only airport serving the Galápagos. Now, there are two airports which receive flights from the continent; the other is located on

6299:[Chilean territorial imagination and the apotheosis of the Chilean Navy between 1888–1940. A different view of "natural" limits] 3642: 9078: 7213: 4702: 6214: 5031:

Geist, Dennis; Bergantz, George; Chadwick, William (2014). Harpp, Karen; Mittelstaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Graham, David (eds.).

2106: 1704:– Given the name of the Holy Cross in Spanish. It was originally named Norfolk Island by Cowley, but renamed after the British frigate 569:, led the push to colonize and settle the islands, gradually supplanting the English names of the major islands with Spanish ones. The 1785:

and Galápagos hawks are usually seen, as well as a colony of fur seals. At Sulivan Bay, a recent (around 100 years ago) pahoehoe

8311: 5739: 4625:

by the New7Wonders of Nature Foundation. As of February 2009, the archipelago was ranked first in Group B, the category for islands.

3827: 3613:

and Chile also expressed interest in establishing bases in the islands at the turn of the century. Chile had previously acquired the

1201:

The 18 main islands (each having a land area at least 1 km) of the archipelago (with their English names) shown alphabetically:

4697: 9113: 3975: 3799: 1177:

While the older islands have disappeared below the sea as they moved away from the mantle plume, the youngest islands, Isabela and

6626: 1204: 1411:, during whose administration the government of Ecuador took possession of the archipelago. It is also called Santa Maria, after 1144: 987:

The Galápagos Archipelago is characterized by numerous contemporaneous volcanoes, some with plume magma sources, others from the

3007: 9083: 7102: 6522: 6045: 6024: 5697:; Stothert, Karen; Martinsson-Wallin, Helene; Wallin, Paul; Flett, Iona; Haberle, Simon; Heijnis, Henk; Rhodes, Edward (2016). 6811: 6137: 3863:, the mixed descendants of Spanish colonists and indigenous Native Americans, who arrived mainly in the last century from the 3806: 2166:

located behind Santa Cruz when the prevailing winds are southerly, causing more moisture to fall on the Santa Cruz highlands.

9088: 7805: 7393: 7334: 6639: 5796: 5581: 3359:) in the island's highlands. The initial colonists who joined him were Ecuadorian soldiers—chiefly political prisoners—whose 8230: 3780: 3094:

in 1593. Until the early 19th century, the archipelago was often used as a hideout by (mostly English) pirates who attacked

924: 7822: 6965: 3586: 2950:

and other artifacts from several sites on the islands that they claimed suggested visitation by South Americans during the

6297:"La imaginación territorial chilena y la apoteosis de la armada de chile 1888–1940. Otra mirada a los límites 'Naturales'" 4068: 1498: 1287:, swallow-tailed gulls, sea lions, whales, marine turtles, and red-footed and Nazca boobies can be seen. The remnants of 1174:, creating volcanoes. The first islands formed here at least 8 million and possibly up to 90 million years ago. 9098: 8758: 2880: 2123:

brings cold water to them, causing frequent drizzles during most of the year. The weather is regularly influenced by the

531:

the existing ecosystems of several islands. British sailors were chiefly responsible for exploring and mapping the area.

492: 3813: 3727: 8936: 7632: 7271: 6473: 6379: 3700:

insures the deal, which per Reuters was "in the works for more than a year", predating UBS takeover of Credit Suisse.

3432: 981: 8053: 5813: 4521:

had been eliminated from Santiago and Isabela, the largest islands with the worst problems due to non-native mammals.

3003: 9123: 7465: 7292: 7237: 6941: 6924:

Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. (2018). "The Hitchhiker Wave: Non-native Small Terrestrial Vertebrates in the Galapagos".

6671: 6282: 6167: 5517: 5464: 5145: 5118: 5093: 5068: 5040: 5012: 4987: 3846: 3528:

Over the course of a whole year, from September 1904, an expedition of the Academy of Sciences of California, led by

2555: 1634: 764: 34: 2564:

The following table for the especially wet year of 1969 shows the variation of precipitation in different places of

2094:(bottom). The color scale goes from blue at the lowest concentrations to red at the highest. Currents that normally 662:

does not change the name's pronunciation but moves the stress from the 3rd syllable to the 2nd.) It is usually read

9051: 7798: 7313: 4592: 3795: 3298: 3107: 551: 8253: 8165: 7376: 7368: 4717: 4043: 4023: 3895: 3464:

displaying developments unique to the islands. The voyage became crucial in Darwin's development of his theory of

2821: 2565: 1701: 1213: 449: 7521:, a memoir written by the matriarch of the first family to successfully inhabit Floreana, settling there in 1932. 6432: 6338: 5061:

Contrasting Volcanism in Hawai'i and the Galapagos, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

4151: 3871:. Some descendants of the early European and American colonists on the islands also still remain on the islands. 3552:. Another expedition from that Academy was done in 1932 (Templeton Crocker Expedition) to collect insects, fish, 1799:. It has an area of 1.3 km (0.50 sq mi) and a maximum altitude of 253 m (830 ft). Here, 1427:, a sea bird which spends most of its life away from land, is found here. At Post Office Bay, where 19th-century 1249: 465: 8956: 7053:"World Heritage Committee inscribes the Tombs of Buganda Kings (Uganda) and removes Galápagos Islands (Ecuador)" 6341:[The expansion (1885–1918) of the German military model and its survival (1919–1933) in Latin America]. 6086: 5276:"Using stylized agent-based models for population–environment research: a case study from the Galápagos Islands" 1921:- Also known as Champion island, this islet is 1.64 kilometers in length and is one of the last refuges of the 9093: 7152: 6599: 5660: 4015: 3784: 3294: 2967: 1302: 857: 547: 8397: 8328: 8177: 6195: 2808: 1774: 1767: 1313:

exhibit a distinctive red coloration change between the breeding season. Española is the only place where the

8485: 8304: 7625: 6312: 6296: 5765: 4082: 3496: 9073: 8124: 8046: 4166:, second in size only to Australia's Great Barrier Reef. In 1990, the archipelago became a whale sanctuary. 3887: 3222: 2034: 1992: 1890: 1514: 453: 59: 8243: 5005:

Galapagos and Easter: A Tale of Two Hotspots, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

4420:

Cristobal, Floreana, Isabela and Santa Cruz. Some of the most harmful introduced plants are the guayaba or

4075: 3302: 597:, the airport modernized in the 2010s, using recycled materials for any expansion and shifting entirely to 555: 8841: 5942: 5852: 4246: 2800: 5890: 4935: 3414: 3235: 2143: 1518: 1269:. Today Sulivan Bay is often misspelled Sullivan Bay. This island is one of the few that are home to the 976:

on the west and is bounded by the Cocos Ridge and Carnegie Ridge in the east. Furthermore, the Galápagos

960:

in the region include the Northern Galápagos Volcanic Province between the archipelago and the Galápagos

932:

has been continuous on the Galápagos Islands for at least 20 million years, and perhaps even longer. The

882: 646:, however, it is now also used to describe the islands' large tortoises. The islands' name is pronounced 532: 8273: 5221: 5168: 4836: 1758: 481: 8658: 7531: 7229: 6222: 1506: 913: 5876: 4707: 4603: 4595:

because of threats posed by invasive species, unbridled tourism and overfishing. On 29 July 2010, the

4156: 3970: 3676: 477: 9103: 8698: 7969: 7486: 6112: 5548: 4368: 4162:

In 1986, the 70,000 square kilometers (27,000 sq mi) of ocean surrounding the islands was declared a

4147: 3627: 3568: 3153: 2927: 2855: 1717: 1601: 1159: 1063: 1004: 561:

in 1830, formally occupied and claimed the islands on 12 February 1832 while the voyage was ongoing.

30: 8010: 7594: 6459: 6407: 5564: 5084:

Merlen, Godfrey (2014). Harpp, Karen; Mittelstaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Graham, David (eds.).

5059:

Poland, Michael (2014). Harpp, Karen; Mittelstaedt, Eric; d'Ozouville, Noemi; Graham, David (eds.).

4876: 3920: 3820: 2904: 496: 456:, the three most populated islands in the chain. The Galápagos are famous for their large number of 9039: 8297: 8020: 6339:"La expansión (1885–1918) del modelo militar alemán y su pervivencia (1919–1933) en América Latina" 4596: 4273: 3474: 3245: 2135: 1831: 1705: 1128: 1041: 334: 4518: 3938: 1747: 1682: 1237: 877: 9027: 8931: 6732: 6264: 4924: 4544: 4538: 4526: 4292: 3773: 3735: 3655: 3166:

described the flora and fauna of Galápagos and suggested the islands could be used as a base for

3115: 3067: 2128: 1678: 1583: 1067: 843: 631: 231: 8593: 8553: 8159: 7372: 6928:. Social and Ecological Interactions in the Galapagos Islands. Springer, Cham. pp. 95–139. 3891: 3504: 2174: 2024: 1626: 1619: 1233: 445: 83: 8984: 8946: 8941: 8924: 8678: 8015: 5559: 5364: 4610:, 25 youngsters, 9 males and 6 females) were killed at the Galápagos Islands nature reserve on 4550: 4374:

which is sometimes called the "vampire finch" for its blood-sucking habits, and the tool-using

3521:

tried a new colonization, beginning the exploitation of a type of lichen found in the islands (

3385: 3095: 2102:

oceans. The same currents are strengthened by La Niña, resulting in an explosion of ocean life.

1743: 1352: 6959: 6159: 6152: 6066: 6001: 4920:

Americae sive Novi Orbis Nova Descriptio [New Description of America or the New World]

4566:

holds feral populations, which may have self-sufficient populations, but evidence is unclear.

8351: 8005: 7874: 5900: 5699:"Reconsidering Precolumbian Human Colonization in the Galápagos Islands, Republic of Ecuador" 4622: 4138: 4114: 3696:". It will sell 2035 and 2040 bonds for Galapagos conservation at a reduced issue price. The 3336: 2999:

European discovery of the Galápagos Islands is recorded occurring on 10 March 1535, when the

2908: 2900: 2835:

on the islands, including 90 species of ferns. About 180 vascular plant species are endemic.

1342: 6046:

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Darwin_in_Gal%C3%A1pagos/MiRTI6lBRnAC?hl=en&pg=PA116

6025:

https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Darwin_in_Gal%C3%A1pagos/MiRTI6lBRnAC?hl=en&pg=PA115

5955: 5862: 5780: 4948: 4722: 4384: 4226: 4087: 4054: 4019: 3966: 3723: 3717: 2843: 1763: 1674: 1587: 1579: 1372: 1368: 1306: 612: 429: 221: 55: 8859: 8781: 8771: 8718: 8713: 8653: 8518: 8455: 8378: 8368: 8136: 7879: 7557: 6767: 6350: 6218: 5192: 4480: 4279: 4195: 3693: 3660: 3489: 3393: 3321: 2876: 2851: 2049:- Albany Rock is a small crescent shaped islet located in the northwest of Santiago Island. 2014: 1942: 1922: 1670: 1565: 1408: 1356: 1241: 1148: 890: 826: 508: 488: 8558: 5338: 4712: 4307: 4058: 3327:'s support, sent Col. Ignacio Hernández with a dozen craftsmen to begin the settlement on 3010: 1457:

that is submerged. Its nickname of "the bird island" is clearly justified. At Darwin Bay,

1360: 1270: 1167: 8: 8974: 8743: 8508: 7363: 4364: 4269: 4171: 3452: 3407: 3199:

is the largest living species of tortoise, hunted to near extinction during the islands'

3131: 2847: 1782: 1654: 1545: 1482: 1462: 1330: 1259: 1143:, the northernmost one, are spread out over a distance of 220 km (137 mi). The 830: 512: 433: 296: 8089: 6771: 5460: 4062: 3324: 3309: 3272:

on the Ecuadorian mainland. Watkins was the only one of the six to survive the journey.

3211: 2804: 1807:, which feeds partly on blood pecked from other birds, and is only found on this island. 1404: 1255: 562: 8989: 8979: 8904: 8899: 8796: 8643: 8588: 8445: 8220: 8025: 7617: 7491: 7345: 6447: 6395: 5721: 5630: 5587: 5442: 5407: 5300: 5275: 5273: 5033:

Galapagos Magma Chambers, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

4732: 4532: 4072: 3731: 3638: 3614: 3171: 3119: 2931: 2099: 1870: 1837: 1424: 1412: 1013: 643: 594: 441: 388: 92: 79: 8100: 5788: 4037: 3726:, established by presidential decree on 18 February 1973 during the administration of 1960: 1294: 1132: 8909: 8874: 8708: 8648: 8638: 8598: 8533: 8106: 7928: 7583: 7500: 7461: 7441: 7414: 7389: 7288: 7267: 7233: 6937: 6906: 6865: 6785: 6709: 6635: 6278: 6191: 6163: 5792: 5759: 5725: 5656: 5577: 5513: 5305: 5245:"Galapagos Volcanoes Keep Erupting Around One Of The World's Most Incredible Islands" 5141: 5114: 5089: 5064: 5036: 5008: 4983: 4846: 4820: 4793: 4556: 4349: 4297: 4288: 4175: 4009: 3750: 3572: 3469: 3421: 3364: 3160: 3043: 3035: 3018: 2951: 2920: 2892: 2139: 1952: 1900: 1722: 1669:. The largest freshwater lake in the archipelago, Laguna El Junco, is located in the 1569: 1348: 1334: 1178: 1108: 1024: 977: 973: 902: 865: 850: 578: 473: 8263: 7612: 7099: 6901: 6888: 6694:"The islands that once inspired Charles Darwin struggle to adapt to the coronavirus" 5446: 4330: 4185: 4033: 3320:

could occupy them. He formed the Galapagos Settlement Company in mid-1831 and, with

3316:, led the push to colonize and settle the islands before Ecuador's neighbors or the 1847: 1193: 511:

various pirates used the Galápagos as a base for raiding Spanish shipping along the

8914: 8613: 8498: 8356: 7864: 7846: 6982: 6961: 6929: 6896: 6775: 6697: 5713: 5569: 5434: 5399: 5295: 5287: 4915: 4727: 4661: 4580: 4474: 4416:

lacking natural predators on the islands, are defenseless to introduced predators.

4375: 4304:, popular among visitors for their large blue feet which they show off in courtship 3937:

Options for air travel to the Galápagos are limited to two islands: San Cristobal (

3708: 3692:

In May 2023, Credit Suisse said it would buy Ecuador's debt of $ 1.6 billion in a "

3436: 3373: 3047: 3022: 2992: 2120: 1432: 1326: 1288: 861: 759: 749: 710: 665: 648: 639: 628: 616: 598: 528: 401: 8153: 8141: 7601: 7074: 5488: 5331: 4634: 4630: 3332: 2979:

on the islands seems to have limited visits and settlement, if any ever occurred.

1607: 1575: 8919: 8854: 8738: 8573: 8568: 8523: 8513: 8503: 8420: 8341: 8320: 8210: 8205: 8171: 8130: 8118: 8112: 7661: 7354: 7282: 7261: 7223: 7106: 6986: 6574: 5694: 5606: 4778:"Welcome to Ecuador – Geography | Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility" 4574: 4496: 4317: 4259: 4100: 4047: 3942: 3924: 3883: 3606: 3590: 3576: 3508: 3427:

was undertaken to better survey the coasts and harbours of South America for the

3388:. Haven of Peace was originally successful and peaceful but, after being named a 3328: 3317: 3313: 3227: 3215: 3091: 2916: 1876: 1728: 1630: 1597: 1590:, the island has no visitor facilities and a permit is required for legal visits. 1537: 1531: 1526: 1502: 1446: 1400: 1392: 1318: 1314: 1229: 1217: 1033: 961: 704: 622: 574: 566: 417: 413: 6933: 6277:

See Michael Morris, "The Strait of Magellan", Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1989,

9015: 8879: 8831: 8786: 8748: 8703: 8603: 8543: 8493: 8425: 8346: 8238: 7964: 7901: 7889: 7831: 7569: 7545: 7358: 7302: 6550:"Ecuador frees cash for Galapagos conservation with $ 1.6 billion bond buyback" 6082: 5717: 4689: 4675: 4492: 4453: 4163: 4133: 3482: 3440: 3424: 3381: 3231: 3111: 3103: 3063: 3000: 2960: 2943: 2888: 2832: 1956: 1894: 1541: 1310: 1284: 1197:

Satellite photo of the Galápagos islands overlaid with the names of the islands

1037: 917: 898: 837: 504: 461: 272: 8278: 7322: 5781: 5591: 5291: 4109: 3399: 3074: 1897:

to describing this islet (which he calls "Rock Rodondo") and the view from it.

1614: 1345:, Galápagos hawks, three species of Darwin's finches, and the waved albatross. 1124: 187: 9067: 8994: 8826: 8816: 8811: 8801: 8791: 8776: 8693: 8663: 8633: 8618: 8608: 8583: 8578: 8475: 8450: 8410: 8405: 8373: 8336: 8094: 8083: 7774: 7738: 7707: 7685: 7666: 7204: 7199: 6973: 6910: 6422: 6373: 5512:. University of the South Pacific. Institute of Pacific Studies. p. 13. 4584:

in 2001 and the subsequent oil spill brought this threat to world attention.

4396: 4342: 4216: 4143: 3999: 3979: 3928: 3879: 3646: 3618: 3610: 3360: 3305: 3163: 3079: 2912: 2884: 2859: 2437: 2095: 2083: 1804: 1650: 1436: 1322: 1280: 1225: 1209: 1140: 1105: 1052: 992: 988: 853: 589:, its facilities were transferred to Ecuador. With the growing importance of 570: 558: 425: 135: 122: 108: 6481: 5880: 4142:, the Ecuadorian government declared 97.5% of the archipelago's land area a 1154:

The group consists of 18 main islands, 3 smaller islands, and 107 rocks and

1120:, the country to which they belong, 926 km (500 nmi) to the east. 8884: 8766: 8688: 8683: 8668: 8548: 8538: 8465: 8460: 8435: 8361: 8268: 8258: 8215: 8200: 8147: 7946: 7884: 7869: 7016: 6789: 5309: 4980:

Introduction, in The Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences

4611: 4514: 4254: 3911: 3681: 3670: 3634: 3602: 3580: 3428: 3389: 3340: 3249: 3157: 3099: 3014: 2987: 2896: 2008: 1886: 1880: 1827: 1820: 1796: 1713: 1693: 1593: 1478: 1465:, the only nocturnal species of gull in the world, can be seen. Red-footed 1274: 1245: 1171: 933: 847: 791:) from sailors' difficulty with the winds and currents around them; as the 586: 582: 7790: 7590: 3058: 2796: 495:

of South America reached the islands before their accidental discovery by

8969: 8964: 8894: 8869: 8864: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8673: 8628: 8623: 8563: 8528: 8470: 8440: 8430: 8415: 8248: 8183: 6866:"Project Isabela: When Slaughtering 250,000 Goats Meant Saving A Species" 6431:] (in Norwegian). Translated by Horneman, Friedel; Bowman, Robert I. 4469: 4402: 4118: 3989: 3622: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3448: 3265: 2976: 2955: 2939: 2162: 2079: 1792: 1751: 1642: 1458: 1338: 1163: 996: 969: 965: 953: 945: 937: 516: 500: 409: 4890: 4621:

The Galápagos Islands were short-listed as a candidate to be one of the

4159:

Service using the research findings and methodologies developed by CDF.

3335:

or the Day of the Province. (Darwin's birthday was the same day, as was

3207: 3138:

as they raided Peruvian shipping. One cargo captured that year was 7–8

2011:

and share a lot of similarities, as both are tuff cones devoid of trees.

1689: 542:

was part of an extensive British survey of the coasts of South America.

8849: 8806: 7938: 7680: 7248: 5693: 4465: 4437: 4209: 4204: 4094: 3533: 3529: 3403: 3344: 3139: 3083: 3030: 1739: 1263: 590: 536: 9010: 7310:

Archaeological Evidence of Pre-Spanish Visits to the Galápagos Islands

6960:

Carr, Lindsey A; Stier, Adrian C; Fietz, Katharina; Montero, Ignacio;

6668:"Galápagos no longer on List of World Heritage in Danger – News Watch" 5573: 5411: 5390:

McEwen, Alec (July 1988). "The English Place-Names of the Galápagos".

4977: 4640: 2124: 2091: 2087: 1489:

with Nazca and red-footed boobies. There is a large Palo Santo forest.

909: 8821: 7835: 7052: 6634:(in Spanish). Puerto Ayora: Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos. 4859: 4683: 4504: 4353: 4338: 4325: 3864: 3631: 3532:, stayed in the Galápagos collecting scientific material on geology, 3500: 3465: 3377: 3269: 3253: 3146: 2935: 1934: 1028: 1017: 1000: 957: 929: 840: 524: 520: 469: 264: 8038: 7613:

Galápagos geology, with general information on the Galápagos Islands

7030: 6780: 6755: 6215:"May Sell Galapagos; Ecuador Needs Money, Wants Rid of Key to Canal" 5438: 5195:

The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015

3762: 3503:

group for specimens; this included Wreck Bay on Chatham Island (now

964:(GSC) 200 km (120 mi) to the north at the boundary of the 7956: 7839: 7175:

The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather guide

6246:

El modelo militar prusiano y las fuerzas armadas de Chile 1885–1945

5549:"East of Easter: Traces of human impact in the far-eastern Pacific" 5403: 5204: 4615: 4607: 4230: 4125:

a fact-finding mission to the Galápagos. Two years later, in 1957,

3451:

differed between islands, though he thought the birds now known as

3257: 3026: 2947: 2839: 2831:) at the highest elevations. There are about 500 species of native 2056: 1964: 1915:- This island is near Floreana and has a length of 3.06 kilometers. 1858: 1846:) – It is named in honor of a former president of Ecuador, General 1800: 1778: 1549: 1522: 1416: 1380: 1273:

which is the only wild penguin species to live on the equator. The

1248:. During the 1980s, iguanas from North Seymour were brought to the 949: 886: 654: 457: 346: 8289: 7198:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

4780:(in Spanish). 1 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015 3481:

The Englishman William Gurney became mayor of a new settlement on

1493: 1170:, a place where the Earth's crust is being melted from below by a 7979: 7751: 7722: 7564: 4669: 4562: 4429: 4360: 4029: 3868: 3860: 3545: 3457: 3347:.) Villamil arrived in September and established Haven of Peace ( 3291: 3261: 3200: 3167: 1852: 1732: 1486: 1454: 1428: 1419:

and green sea turtles nest (December to May) on this island. The

1364: 1117: 1009: 894: 543: 421: 392:

Location of the Galápagos Islands relative to continental Ecuador

209: 7339:

Charles Darwin's Zoology Notes & Specimen Lists from H.M.S.

4356:, the first species Darwin noticed to vary from island to island 2891:

Pacific islands in the same general area as Galápagos—including

1931:- This small islet is one of the many islets of Floreana island. 1681:, which lies at the southern tip of the island, and is close to 1395:, formerly used by sailors to pass messages to any passing ships 615:, which were more plentiful at the time of their discovery. The 7920: 7856: 7578: 5666: 4588: 4488: 4461: 4167: 4126: 3995: 3630:

base in the Galápagos Islands since it would mean that Chile's

3557: 3541: 3143: 1735: 635: 6248:(in Spanish). Pécs, Hungary: University Press. pp. 71–87. 6154:

Evolution's Workshop: God and Science on the Galápagos Islands

5321: 5319: 4573:

The Galápagos marine sanctuary is under threat from a host of

4005: 1889:– An islet approximately 25 km (16 mi) northwest of 1816: 7997: 6523:"Credit Suisse buys Ecuador bonds for Galapagos conservation" 5424: 4445: 4421: 3461: 3368: 3090:

The first English captain to visit the Galápagos Islands was

1646: 1466: 1450: 1440: 1155: 1136: 725: 276: 6670:. Blogs.nationalgeographic.com. 29 July 2010. Archived from 5842: 5840: 5838: 4824: 1909:- This small island near to Santiago is largely uninhabited. 1485:

are also in sight. Prince Philip's Steps is a bird-watching

1387: 1297:– Its name was given in honor of Spain. It also is known as 811:) following their settlement by Ecuador in 1832; and as the 7487:"To Protect Galápagos, Ecuador Limits a Two-Legged Species" 6889:"Non-native small terrestrial vertebrates in the Galapagos" 5740:"The History of the Galápagos Islands & Charles Darwin" 5316: 5113:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 41–44, 49. 3444: 3078:

A manuscript map of the islands from the charts drafted by

2971: 1893:. Herman Melville devotes the third and fourth sketches of 1786: 1474: 1470: 1376: 1102: 1049: 1045: 944:) has given rise to a 3-kilometre-thick platform under the 737: 731: 716: 692: 686: 671: 601:

sources to handle its roughly 300,000 visitors each year.

4932:, reprinted in Latin and translation copiously thereafter. 3244:

The first known permanent human resident on Galápagos was

889:

reveals features usually difficult to spot, including the

476:. All of these islands are protected as part of Ecuador's 5835: 4982:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 1–3, 42. 4735:, author of various books featuring the Galápagos Islands 4394:

Two endemic genera of cacti, each with a single species:

4391:, closely related to the California sea lion, but smaller 4272:, the cause of environmental battles with fishermen over 3070:

in 1684, the source of many of the islands' English names

1544:

and sea lions inhabit this island, and it is home to the

941: 758:("Islands of the Turtles") on the map of the Americas in 752:. The name is first attested as the Spanish/Latin hybrid 734: 713: 689: 680: 668: 7647: 6624: 2127:

events, which occur every 3 to 7 years and bring warmer

6966:"Illegal shark fishing in the Galápagos Marine Reserve" 6926:

Understanding Invasive Species in the Galapagos Islands

6263:(Ph.D.) (in Spanish). instituto de estudios avanzados, 5035:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 56–57. 5007:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 27–29. 4752:

The Galapagos are 7,880 square kilometers in land area.

3118:

thoroughly mapped the islands in 1684 while sailing on

3025:—drifted off course while his ship was becalmed in the 2146:

in the northwest. During the rainy season known as the

1629:– It bears the name of the patron saint of seafarers, " 1560:

North Seymour Island with Daphne Island in the distance

7403:

Perry, Roger (1984), "The Islands and Their History",

7367:, vol. 3, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, pp. 7167: 5947: 5945: 5222:"A Brief Introduction to the Geology of the Galápagos" 5108: 5063:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 5–21. 984:

while the Easter Hotspot is on the southern boundary.

7529: 5906: 5030: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4940: 4938: 4898: 4863: 2119:

Although the islands are located on the equator, the

740: 695: 659: 503:

on the islands seems to have limited settlement. The

499:

in 1535. If some visitors did arrive, poor access to

6600:"Información de interés para la llegada a las islas" 5930: 5631:"EASTER ISLAND HISTORY | Imagina Easter Island" 5088:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 122. 4651: 3268:

five of its crew as his "slaves", and navigating to

3042:

The Galápagos Islands first appeared on the maps of

2811:

in the background and a ferry on the right for scale

1317:

nests. Some of the birds have attempted to breed on

995:. The GSC caused structural weaknesses in this thin 728: 722: 683: 677: 7301: 5961: 5672: 5224:. Cornell University Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 4606:official Victor Carrion announced 53 sea lions (13 3859:The largest ethnic group is composed of Ecuadorian 3787:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2862:, which evolved to adapt to islands' environments. 2098:phytoplankton reverse during El Niño, resulting in 1795:– This island was named after the German geologist 1645:, sea lions, giant tortoises, blue- and red-footed 1534:, is located at the southeastern tip of the island. 719: 674: 507:similarly ignored the islands, although during the 6606:(in Spanish). Gobierno de la República del Ecuador 6151: 5918: 4954: 4090:resting on a park bench in Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 3960: 3734:, each covering groups of islands. The capital is 3698:U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 424:900 km (560 mi) west of the mainland of 54:"Galápagos" redirects here. For the province, see 7249:"Darwin and the Galapagos: Evolution of a Legacy" 7017:"China's Outlaw Fishermen. Le Monde Diplomatique" 6648: 5213: 4487:Many species were introduced to the Galápagos by 4266:, an endemic species of snake with two subspecies 2838:The islands are well known for their distinctive 611:The Galápagos or Galapagos Islands are named for 9065: 7455: 7141: 6923: 6886: 6503:Stutz, Bruce D. (1995). "The Sea Cucumber War". 5339:"Galapagos Islands: Erosion fells Darwin's Arch" 5002: 4798:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3495:, a Navy-crewed research vessel assigned to the 1568:– Its name was given after an English nobleman, 7517:Floreana: A Woman's Pilgrimage to the Galápagos 7259: 7119:"Post-Rat Eradication and Monitoring on Pinzón" 6753: 6041: 6020: 5814:"Los Tesoros Escondidos de las Islas Galapagos" 5509:Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West 5325: 5174:. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953 3439:expedition on 20 October. The young naturalist 2033:- This small island is very small, located off 881:A photograph of the Galápagos Islands from the 6887:Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F (22 February 2018). 6332: 6330: 6081: 6077: 6075: 5746:. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 5398:(2). The Royal Geographical Society: 234–242. 5205:Pearson, David L.; David W. Middleton (1999). 1036:. The Sierra Negra fault is associated with a 777:The islands were also previously known as the 8305: 8054: 7806: 7633: 7416:Journal of a Cruise Made to the Pacific Ocean 7263:Darwin in Galápagos: Footsteps to a New World 6466: 5783:Galápagos: The Islands that Changed the World 5608:Comparative Ethnographical Studies - Volume 9 4238: 3354: 3348: 2153: 2147: 1841: 1277:is another animal that resides on the island. 820: 806: 796: 786: 620: 7217:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 7075:"BBC NEWS, Sea lions massacred in Galápagos" 5604: 5546: 5499: 5219: 4930:(in Latin), Antwerp: Gilles Coppens de Diest 3062:The chart of the Galápagos published by the 885:in October 2020. North is to the right. The 436:, with a population of slightly over 33,000 7820: 6955: 6953: 6859: 6857: 6831: 6829: 6548:Campos, Rodrigo; Jones, Marc (5 May 2023). 6547: 6327: 6158:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 6072: 4831:, Puerto Ayora: Galápagos Conservancy, 2023 4508: 4243:in Spanish, it gave the name to the islands 4098: 3983: 3194: 3188: 980:is at the northern boundary of the Pacific 972:. This spreading center truncates into the 769: 753: 15: 9109:States and territories established in 1973 9022: 8312: 8298: 8061: 8047: 7813: 7799: 7640: 7626: 7505:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7446:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6294: 6037: 6035: 6033: 5611:. The University of California. p. 24 3722:The islands are administered as Ecuador's 91: 73: 16: 9119:Tourist attractions in Galápagos Province 7266:, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 6900: 6779: 6716: 6190: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5874: 5563: 5299: 5054: 5052: 4146:, excepting areas already colonised. The 3847:Learn how and when to remove this message 3098:carrying gold, silver, and supplies from 2887:ever made it to the islands is disputed. 1941:, this island is another place where the 581:to protect the western approaches of the 487:Thus far, there is no firm evidence that 51:Ecuadorian archipelago and protected area 7842:, sorted by country, from north to south 7353: 7225:Ecology and Evolution: Islands of Change 7111: 7100:New 7 Wonders of the World: Live Ranking 6950: 6854: 6826: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5936: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5505: 5209:(3rd ed.). Berkeley: Ulysses Press. 5207:The New Key to Ecuador and the Galápagos 5169:"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" 5026: 5024: 4914: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4703:List of animals in the Galápagos Islands 4410: 4108: 4093: 4081: 4067: 4053: 4042: 4028: 4014: 4004: 3994: 3974: 3919: 3905: 3745: 3707: 3662:The Galápagos Affair: Satan Came to Eden 3585: 3567: 3398: 3221: 3206: 3182: 3073: 3057: 2986: 2966:A 2008 report by archeologists from the 2795: 2105: 2073: 1815: 1757: 1688: 1613: 1600:. He was moved from Pinta Island to the 1555: 1492: 1401:Floreana (Charles or Santa María) Island 1386: 1203: 1192: 1089: 1073: 1062: 908: 876: 856:in 1793. The names they chose to honour 387: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 7514: 7474: 7407:, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 1–14 7320: 6336: 6243: 6030: 5951: 5858: 5811: 5778: 5133: 4944: 4903:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022 4842: 3575:visiting U.S. servicemen at Beta Base ( 3499:, briefly touched eight islands in the 3343:in 1542, celebrated on the mainland as 2078:Satellite maps of the concentration of 1145:International Hydrographic Organization 825:) in 1892 upon the quadricentennial of 658:by locals. (The accent over the second 171:27,191 km (10,499 sq mi) 14: 9066: 7484: 7412: 7332: 7327:, Calgary: University of Calgary Press 7260:Grant, K. Thalia; et al. (2009), 7014: 6756:"Invasive species: The 18-km rat trap" 6149: 6133: 6051: 6007: 5924: 5912: 5875:Civallero, Edgardo (1 December 2021), 5846: 5483: 5481: 5389: 5083: 5077: 5058: 5049: 4875:(in Spanish) (23rd ed.), Madrid: 4698:List of birds of the Galápagos Islands 4614:, with their heads caved in. In 2001, 1351:– The name was given in honor of King 1048:. The western volcanoes have numerous 653: 8293: 8068: 8042: 7794: 7621: 7431: 7402: 7383: 7280: 7246: 6654: 6502: 6258: 6062: 5997: 5982: 5967: 5885:, Brussels: Charles Darwin Foundation 5533: 5021: 4965: 4806: 3730:. The province is divided into three 3507:) on 4 April and Charles Island (now 2982: 2055:- It is one of the many islands near 1775:Santiago (San Salvador, James) Island 1673:of San Cristóbal. The capital of the 1058: 991:, possibly due to the young and thin 647: 9046: 7655: 7648:Places adjacent to Galápagos Islands 7221: 6863: 6202:, New York: United Feature Syndicate 5896: 5655:. Avalon Travel Publishing. p. 200. 5623: 5242: 4223:, the only iguana feeding in the sea 4170:recognized the islands in 1978 as a 3785:adding citations to reliable sources 3756: 3339:'s arrival at the headwaters of the 2870: 1633:". Its English name was given after 1517:– This island was named in honor of 1220:is the waterway between the islands. 1162:. The archipelago is located on the 638:", the meaning it still has in most 8319: 7458:Galápagos: Die Verwunschenen Inseln 7434:Galápagos, Archipiélago del Ecuador 6628:Historia humana. Isla San Cristóbal 6625:Maldonado, R.; Llerena, E. (2019). 6113:"The Norwegian Who Inspired Darwin" 5478: 5255:from the original on 12 August 2018 4746: 4591:put the Galápagos Islands on their 4372:Geospiza difficilis septentrionalis 3878:Five of the islands are inhabited: 3367:in exchange for their agreement to 1696:, the largest town in the Galápagos 440:. The province is divided into the 48: 7456:Müller, Bodo; et al. (2003), 7425: 6733:"Feral dogs and cats in Galápagos" 6515: 6087:"VQR – Confessions of a Darwinist" 5003:Harpp, Karen; et al. (2014). 4869:Dictionary of the Spanish Language 4865:Diccionario de la Lengua Española 4495:quoted documents that mention the 4314:, the only living tropical penguin 2161:Some islands also fall within the 1003:, the islands have a high rate of 925:Volcanoes of the Galápagos Islands 49: 9135: 7525: 7388:, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 7359:Encantadas or the Enchanted Isles 6996:from the original on 9 April 2013 6382:from the original on 20 July 2011 6371: 6337:Fischer, Ferenc (21 April 2008). 5787:. Yale University Press. p. 5633:. Imaginarapanui.com. 6 June 2013 5547:Flett, Iona; et al. (2008). 5465:World Meteorological Organization 5140:. Moon Publications. p. 43. 3753:on a Galápagos beach in the 1920s 3275:In 1818, the Nantucket whaleship 3218:and first governor of the islands 2970:stated that certain Asia–Pacific 2556:World Meteorological Organization 1702:Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island 1635:William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham 1158:. The islands are located at the 1086:An animated tour of the Galápagos 982:Large Low Shear Velocity Province 905:. More details via click-through. 765:Theater of the Lands of the World 9045: 9034: 9033: 9021: 9009: 8387: 7760: 7744: 7729: 7721: 7714: 7695: 7673: 7589: 7577: 7563: 7551: 7539: 7485:Romero, Simon (4 October 2009), 7314:Society for American Archaeology 7191: 7149:"Galapagos: El Niño and La Niña" 6420: 6265:Universidad de Santiago de Chile 5274:Miller, B.; et al. (2010). 4682: 4668: 4654: 4593:List of World Heritage in Danger 4478:) trees and the elephant grass, 4276:of this expensive Asian delicacy 3761: 3086:in 1793, adding additional names 3017:to adjudicate a dispute between 2926:In 1572, the Spanish chronicler 1879:– A small islet used mostly for 1811: 709: 664: 652:in most dialects of Spanish but 202: 9114:World Heritage Sites in Ecuador 9079:Landforms of Galápagos Province 7602:"Galápagos Islands xeric scrub" 7287:, London: Headline Publishing, 7183: 7093: 7067: 7045: 7031:"World Heritage in Danger List" 7023: 7015:Urbina, Ian (1 November 2020). 7008: 6917: 6902:10.7287/peerj.preprints.26563v1 6880: 6796: 6754:Nicholls, Henry (15 May 2013). 6747: 6725: 6686: 6660: 6618: 6592: 6567: 6541: 6496: 6414: 6365: 6288: 6271: 6252: 6237: 6207: 6184: 6143: 6105: 5973: 5868: 5805: 5772: 5732: 5687: 5678: 5645: 5598: 5558:. ANU Press. pp. 281–300. 5489:"Galápagos Islands xeric scrub" 5453: 5418: 5383: 5357: 5267: 5236: 5220:White, W. M. (2 October 1997). 5198: 5186: 5161: 5127: 5102: 4996: 4971: 4152:Charles Darwin Research Station 4132:In 1959, the centenary year of 3961:Environmental protection policy 3772:needs additional citations for 3741: 3687: 3563: 3283:In October 1820, the whaleship 3178: 1718:Charles Darwin Research Station 1602:Charles Darwin Research Station 1413:one of the caravels of Columbus 1379:flows can be compared, and the 1250:Charles Darwin Research Station 1208:From an aircraft flying out of 1188: 1131:being directly on the equator. 836:The islands were mapped by the 8937:South American–Antarctic Ridge 7321:Jackson, Michael Hume (1993), 6575:"Ecuador Population 2021/2022" 4908: 4883: 4852: 4770: 3712:The flag of Galápagos Province 3447:is formed. Darwin noticed the 2968:Australian National University 2815: 1955:, there are two places called 1627:San Cristóbal (Chatham) Island 1509:, the largest of the Galapagos 1349:Fernandina (Narborough) Island 1262:, who was a lieutenant aboard 1256:Bartolomé (Bartholomew) Island 527:introduced during this period 13: 1: 9084:Biosphere reserves of Ecuador 7761: 7696: 7333:Keynes, Richard, ed. (2000), 6735:. Petsaspests.blogspot.com.es 6313:University of Santiago, Chile 6295:Garay Vera, Cristián (2011). 6115:. ThorNews. 11 September 2015 6091:The Virginia Quarterly Review 5605:Nordenskiöld, Erland (1931). 4759: 4718:Galápagos Islands xeric scrub 4400:, the candelabra cactus, and 3637:would be within the range of 3605:. Besides the United States, 3497:United States Fish Commission 3053: 2822:Galápagos Islands xeric scrub 2023:- This island is located off 1991:- This is a small island off 1260:Sir Bartholomew James Sulivan 1226:Baltra (South Seymour) Island 936:beneath the east-ward moving 9089:Surfing locations in Ecuador 8889: 7730: 7715: 7597:travel guide from Wikivoyage 7380:, as "Salvator R. Tarnmoor". 7348:: Cambridge University Press 7324:Galapagos: A Natural History 6987:10.1016/j.marpol.2012.12.005 5369:Galapagos Conservation Trust 5280:Population & Environment 4764: 4359:Thirteen endemic species of 4345:) and "environmental police" 4181:Noteworthy species include: 2923:rather than South American. 1869:- This island lies north of 1729:Santa Fe (Barrington) Island 1473:, lava gulls, tropic birds, 774:), first published in 1570. 7: 7405:Key Environments: Galápagos 7284:My Family and the Galapagos 6934:10.1007/978-3-319-67177-2_7 4647: 4324:, the only living tropical 3703: 3601:strategically guarding the 2995:'s 1570 map of the Americas 2991:Detail of the Galápagos on 2510:Average precipitation days 2366:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2226:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2144:tropical rainforest climate 2082:(representing abundance of 1959:. There is one island near 1750:are often seen, as well as 1519:Queen Isabella I of Castile 1449:– The name is derived from 1359:inhabit this island, as do 1127:and Volcán Ecuador on Isla 1070:centered over the Galápagos 883:International Space Station 179:1,707 m (5600 ft) 10: 9140: 9099:Pacific islands of Ecuador 8890:Galápagos Spreading Center 7177:(2010). Abington: Helicon. 6429:The Dream of the Galapagos 6375:Galápagos: A Brief History 6150:Larson, Edward J. (2001). 5718:10.7183/1045-6635.27.2.169 5673:Heyerdahl & al. (1956) 5243:Mack, Eric (2 July 2018). 4618:killed 35 male sea lions. 4548:, Peters' leaf-toed gecko 3964: 3715: 3152:In 1793, during the early 2946:and Arne Skjølsvold found 2865: 2819: 2791: 2553: 2172: 2069: 1949:Gardner Island (Galapagos) 1657:. Its vegetation includes 1515:Isabela (Albemarle) Island 922: 872: 803:Archipelago of the Equator 655:[ˈihlahɣaˈlapaɣoh] 649:[ˈislasɣaˈlapaɣos] 297:UNESCO World Heritage Site 60:Galápagos (disambiguation) 53: 9003: 8955: 8840: 8757: 8484: 8396: 8385: 8327: 8229: 8193: 8076: 7996: 7978: 7955: 7937: 7919: 7855: 7829: 7653: 7515:Wittmer, Margret (1961), 7247:Grant, K. Thalia (2009), 6868:. All That Is Interesting 5812:Latorre, Octavio (1995). 5779:Stewart, Paul D. (2006). 5764:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5461:"San Cristobal-Galapagos" 5292:10.1007/s11111-010-0110-4 4900:Oxford English Dictionary 4369:sharp-beaked ground finch 4148:Charles Darwin Foundation 3901: 3234:'s survey of the islands 3154:French Revolutionary Wars 2928:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa 2771: 2509: 2435: 2365: 2295: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 1538:Marchena (Bindloe) Island 1325:, Española lava lizards, 1281:Darwin (Culpepper) Island 1160:Galapagos Triple Junction 1111:reflecting on the islands 382: 378: 370: 362: 352: 342: 327: 319: 311: 303: 294: 290: 286: 263: 258: 250: 242: 237: 227: 217: 198: 193: 183: 175: 167: 159: 151: 114: 104: 99: 90: 72: 9124:Tropical Eastern Pacific 6964:; Bruno, John F (2013). 6474:"Galápagos Conservation" 5706:Latin American Antiquity 5506:Crocombe, R. G. (2007). 5392:The Geographical Journal 4739: 4597:World Heritage Committee 4554:, and smooth-billed ani 4264:Pseudalsophis biserialis 3728:Guillermo Rodríguez Lara 3475:On the Origin of Species 3472:, presented in the 1859 2136:tropical savanna climate 2129:sea surface temperatures 1832:Peter and Rosemary Grant 1383:forests can be observed. 1139:of the archipelago, and 1042:phreatomagmatic eruption 952:. Besides the Galápagos 808:Archipiélago del Ecuador 755:Insulae de los Galopegos 606: 497:Bishop Tomás de Berlanga 460:, which were studied by 31:latest accepted revision 8932:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge 7475:Quammen, David (1996), 7214:Encyclopædia Britannica 7173:"Galápagos Islands" in 7055:. UNESCO World Heritage 7033:. UNESCO World Heritage 6259:Tapia, Claudio (2009). 5134:Stanley, David (1979). 4925:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 4708:Galápagos National Park 4604:Galápagos National Park 4545:Gonatodes caudiscutatus 4539:Lepidodactylus lugubris 4527:Scinax quinquefasciatus 4403:Brachycereus nesioticus 4397:Jasminocereus thouarsii 4293:magnificent frigatebird 4251:Chelonia mydas agassisi 4221:Amblyrhynchus cristatus 4157:Galápagos National Park 4078:offshore of the islands 3971:Galápagos National Park 3736:Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 3677:Galápagos National Park 3656:The Empress of Floreana 3433:Hydrographic Department 3116:William Ambrosia Cowley 3096:Spanish treasure fleets 3068:William Ambrosia Cowley 2954:. The group located an 1679:Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 1584:Chelonoidis duncanensis 1548:, an animal endemic to 1447:Genovesa (Tower) Island 1319:Genovesa (Tower) Island 1212:(on the right) and the 1068:Orthographic projection 844:William Ambrosia Cowley 798:Archipiélago de Ecuador 771:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 478:Galápagos National Park 232:Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 8985:Pacific-Farallon Ridge 8957:Ancient oceanic ridges 8947:Southwest Indian Ridge 8942:Southeast Indian Ridge 8679:Philippine Mobile Belt 8011:Juan Fernández Islands 7608:. World Wildlife Fund. 7606:Terrestrial Ecoregions 7479:, New York: Touchstone 7305:; et al. (1956), 7222:Benz, Richard (2000), 6042:Grant & al. (2009) 6021:Grant & al. (2009) 5653:Moon Galápagos Islands 5495:. World Wildlife Fund. 5493:Terrestrial Ecoregions 5326:Grant & al. (2009) 5137:South Pacific Handbook 4821:"History of Galápagos" 4551:Phyllodactylus reissii 4509: 4354:Galápagos mockingbirds 4253:, a subspecies of the 4247:Galápagos green turtle 4239: 4205:Galápagos land iguanas 4200:Myiarchus magnirostris 4121: 4106: 4099: 4091: 4079: 4065: 4051: 4040: 4026: 4012: 4002: 3992: 3985:Pelecanus occidentalis 3984: 3934: 3917: 3754: 3713: 3597: 3583: 3410: 3386:Nicholas Oliver Lawson 3384:sailor and shipwright 3355: 3349: 3241: 3219: 3204: 3195: 3189: 3187:A Galápagos tortoise ( 3087: 3071: 2996: 2905:Juan Fernández Islands 2856:Galápagos lava lizards 2812: 2154: 2148: 2116: 2103: 1963:, and one island near 1842: 1823: 1770: 1697: 1622: 1608:Rábida (Jervis) Island 1576:Pinzón (Duncan) Island 1561: 1510: 1396: 1353:Ferdinand II of Aragon 1343:red-billed tropicbirds 1295:Española (Hood) Island 1221: 1198: 1112: 1087: 1071: 920: 906: 822:Archipiélago del Colón 821: 807: 797: 787: 770: 754: 621: 405: 393: 259:Additional information 176:Highest elevation 58:. For other uses, see 9094:Ecoregions of Ecuador 8006:Desventuradas Islands 7875:Revillagigedo Islands 7386:The Galapagos Islands 7384:Perry, Roger (1972), 7281:Halls, Monty (2020), 7123:Galapagos Conservancy 6864:John (5 March 2015). 6841:Galapagos Conservancy 6808:Galapagos Conservancy 5823:(in Spanish) (55): 66 5821:Noticias de Galapagos 5427:Ecological Monographs 4623:New7Wonders of Nature 4533:Hemidactylus frenatus 4530:, common house gecko 4411:Environmental threats 4380:Camarhynchus pallidus 4343:top of the food chain 4312:Spheniscus mendiculus 4284:Phalacrocorax harrisi 4190:Zenaida galapagoensis 4139:The Origin of Species 4115:scalloped hammerheads 4112: 4097: 4085: 4071: 4057: 4046: 4032: 4018: 4008: 3998: 3978: 3939:San Cristóbal Airport 3923: 3909: 3749: 3711: 3589: 3571: 3560:, birds, and plants. 3415:second voyage of HMS 3402: 3337:Francisco de Orellana 3312:, the founder of the 3310:Gen. José de Villamil 3225: 3212:Gen. José de Villamil 3210: 3186: 3077: 3061: 2990: 2852:flightless cormorants 2799: 2142:, transitioning to a 2109: 2077: 1819: 1789:flow can be observed. 1761: 1692: 1683:San Cristóbal Airport 1675:province of Galápagos 1659:Calandrinia galapagos 1617: 1559: 1527:Sally Lightfoot crabs 1496: 1443:formations are found. 1403:– It was named after 1390: 1375:. Different types of 1357:flightless cormorants 1207: 1196: 1101: 1085: 1066: 912: 880: 613:their giant tortoises 565:, the founder of the 420:, located around the 391: 8860:Central Indian Ridge 8160:San Cristóbal Island 8137:North Seymour Island 7586:at Wikimedia Commons 7477:The Song of the Dodo 7432:Black, Juan (1973), 7335:"June – August 1836" 6424:Drømmen om Galápagos 6351:University of Warsaw 6219:The Pittsburgh Press 5193:"Galápagos Islands." 4602:On 28 January 2008, 4481:Pennisetum purpureum 4367:. Among them is the 4337:, the islands' main 4322:Phoebastria irrorata 4280:Flightless cormorant 4196:Galápagos flycatcher 3781:improve this article 3694:Debt-for-nature swap 3505:San Cristóbal Island 3394:Indefatigable Island 3295:won its independence 3172:maritime fur traders 2177:, 1981–2010 normals 2175:San Cristóbal Island 2015:Las Tintoreras Islet 1943:Floreana mockingbird 1923:Floreana mockingbird 1793:Wolf (Wenman) Island 1665:, and trees such as 1655:swallow-tailed gulls 1641:. This island hosts 1620:San Cristóbal Island 1594:Pinta (Louis) Island 1566:North Seymour Island 1546:Marchena lava lizard 1463:swallow-tailed gulls 1409:President of Ecuador 1331:swallow-tailed gulls 1303:Viscount Samuel Hood 1242:North Seymour Island 1234:San Cristóbal Island 817:Columbus Archipelago 585:in the 1930s. After 548:won its independence 509:Golden Age of Piracy 84:San Cristóbal Island 8975:Kula-Farallon Ridge 7847:continental islands 7436:(in Spanish), Quito 7413:Porter, D. (1822), 7357:(March–May 1854), " 7129:on 18 December 2016 7105:5 July 2009 at the 6962:Gallagher, Austin J 6772:2013Natur.497..306N 6579:www.populationu.com 6484:on 3 September 2011 6433:Grøndahl & Sønn 5877:"Pirates and Jelly" 5849:, pp. 234–236. 4389:Zalophus wollebaeki 4385:Galápagos sea lions 4363:, popularly called 4335:Buteo galapagoensis 4172:World Heritage Site 4073:Bottlenose dolphins 3796:"Galápagos Islands" 3751:Ecuadorian children 3615:Straits of Magellan 3579:) on Baltra during 3523:Roccella portentosa 3519:Manuel Julián Cobos 3406:'s illustration of 2842:species, including 2296:Daily mean °C (°F) 1999:Isla Sombrero Chino 1663:Lecocarpus darwinii 1588:Galápagos sea lions 1580:Galápagos tortoises 1391:The Post Barrel on 1373:Galápagos fur seals 1369:Galápagos sea lions 1335:blue-footed boobies 1240:to the neighboring 1216:(on the left), the 1135:, the southernmost 846:in 1684 and by the 793:Ecuador Archipelago 573:built the islands' 466:inspired his theory 434:Republic of Ecuador 254:3/km (8/sq mi) 132: / 69: 21:Page version status 9016:Geology portal 8990:Pacific-Kula Ridge 8980:Mid-Labrador Ridge 8905:Mid-Atlantic Ridge 8900:Juan de Fuca Ridge 8221:South Plaza Island 7519:, Travel Book Club 7492:The New York Times 7460:(in German), BLV, 7155:on 9 November 2018 6804:"Invasive Species" 6192:Roosevelt, Eleanor 5744:Quasar Expeditions 5556:Islands of Inquiry 4733:Johanna Angermeyer 4723:Galápagos Province 4517:pigs, donkeys and 4450:Ochroma pyramidale 4442:Cinchona pubescens 4227:Galápagos tortoise 4174:and in 1985, as a 4136:'s publication of 4122: 4107: 4092: 4088:Galápagos sea lion 4080: 4066: 4052: 4041: 4027: 4020:Galápagos tortoise 4013: 4003: 3993: 3967:Galápagos wildlife 3935: 3918: 3755: 3724:Galápagos Province 3718:Galápagos Province 3714: 3639:United States Navy 3635:northern provinces 3598: 3584: 3411: 3369:permanently settle 3242: 3220: 3205: 3128:Bachelor's Delight 3088: 3072: 2997: 2983:European discovery 2932:Topa Inca Yupanqui 2881:indigenous peoples 2813: 2117: 2104: 2007:- It is very near 1871:South Plaza Island 1867:North Plaza Island 1838:South Plaza Island 1824: 1771: 1764:Galápagos fur seal 1698: 1623: 1582:of the subspecies 1562: 1511: 1397: 1361:Galápagos penguins 1307:Galápagos tortoise 1222: 1199: 1113: 1088: 1072: 1059:Physical geography 921: 907: 897:of La Cumbre, the 644:Ecuadorian Spanish 493:indigenous peoples 430:Galápagos Province 394: 343:Reference no. 184:Highest point 80:Galapagos sea lion 67: 56:Galápagos Province 27: 9074:Galápagos Islands 9061: 9060: 8875:East Pacific Rise 8287: 8286: 8166:Santa Cruz Island 8107:Fernandina Island 8070:Galápagos Islands 8036: 8035: 8021:Alejandro Selkirk 7988:Galápagos Islands 7929:Clipperton Island 7850: 7788: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7727:Galápagos Islands 7595:Galapagos Islands 7582:Media related to 7395:978-0-396-06576-0 7209:Galapagos Islands 7081:. 29 January 2008 6837:"Project Isabela" 6766:(7449): 306–308. 6710:Los Angeles Times 6641:978-9942-944-06-1 6343:Revista del CESLA 6285:, pages 62 and 63 6225:. 21 January 1929 6194:(28 March 1944), 5798:978-0-300-12230-5 5651:Cho, Lisa (2005) 5583:978-1-921313-89-9 4916:Ortelius, Abraham 4713:Galápagos hotspot 4536:, mourning gecko 4519:non-sterile goats 4406:, the lava cactus 4308:Galápagos penguin 4298:Blue-footed booby 4289:Great frigatebird 4235:Chelonoidis nigra 4229:(Galápagos giant 4176:biosphere reserve 4059:Galápagos penguin 4048:Waved albatrosses 4024:Santa Cruz Island 4010:Blue-footed booby 3933: 3916: 3857: 3856: 3849: 3831: 3596: 3593:of the Galápagos 3573:Eleanor Roosevelt 3470:natural selection 3214:, founder of the 3193:) on Santa Cruz. 3190:Chelonoidis nigra 3044:Gerardus Mercator 3019:Francisco Pizarro 3011:Tomás de Berlanga 2952:pre-Columbian era 2871:Pre-Columbian era 2789: 2788: 2566:Santa Cruz Island 2561: 2560: 2173:Climate data for 2140:semi-arid climate 2114: 2063:Corona Del Diablo 1989:Isla Los Hermanos 1953:Galapagos Islands 1901:Guy Fawkes Island 1570:Lord Hugh Seymour 1327:hood mockingbirds 1271:Galápagos penguin 1168:Galápagos hotspot 1109:Gene Carl Feldman 1099: 1083: 1025:tholeiitic basalt 974:East Pacific Rise 958:tectonic features 903:Fernandina Island 474:natural selection 464:in the 1830s and 439: 398:Galápagos Islands 386: 385: 338: 307:Galápagos Islands 68:Galápagos Islands 39:19 September 2024 18: 9131: 9104:Seabird colonies 9049: 9048: 9037: 9036: 9025: 9024: 9014: 9013: 8915:Kolbeinsey Ridge 8391: 8314: 8307: 8300: 8291: 8290: 8090:Bartolomé Island 8063: 8056: 8049: 8040: 8039: 7909: 7897: 7865:Guadalupe Island 7844: 7834:located between 7815: 7808: 7801: 7792: 7791: 7764: 7763: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7733: 7732: 7726: 7725: 7718: 7717: 7699: 7698: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7656: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7619: 7618: 7609: 7593: 7581: 7568: 7567: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7535: 7520: 7510: 7504: 7496: 7480: 7470: 7451: 7445: 7437: 7419: 7408: 7398: 7379: 7364:Putnam's Monthly 7355:Melville, Herman 7349: 7328: 7316: 7297: 7276: 7255: 7242: 7218: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7178: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7151:. Archived from 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7125:. Archived from 7115: 7109: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7012: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6970: 6957: 6948: 6947: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6904: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6861: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6833: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6810:. Archived from 6800: 6794: 6793: 6783: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6729: 6723: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6707: 6705: 6698:Associated Press 6690: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6674:on 28 April 2012 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6633: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6604:galapagos.gob.ec 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6480:. Archived from 6470: 6464: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6451: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6399: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6372:Lundh, Jacob P. 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6334: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6305:Revista enfoques 6302: 6292: 6286: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6211: 6205: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6157: 6147: 6141: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6093:. pp. 32–53 6079: 6070: 6060: 6049: 6039: 6028: 6018: 6005: 5995: 5980: 5977: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5949: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5904: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5872: 5866: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5818: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5786: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5763: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5703: 5695:Anderson, Atholl 5691: 5685: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5567: 5553: 5544: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5365:"Isabela Island" 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5314: 5313: 5303: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5056: 5047: 5046: 5028: 5019: 5018: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4952: 4942: 4933: 4931: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4856: 4850: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4817: 4804: 4803: 4797: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4774: 4753: 4750: 4692: 4687: 4686: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4664: 4662:Geography portal 4659: 4658: 4657: 4560:. Domestic fowl 4512: 4475:Ricinus communis 4434:Persea americana 4376:woodpecker finch 4365:Darwin's finches 4242: 4192:, two subspecies 4104: 4063:Bartolomé Island 3987: 3931: 3914: 3852: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3789: 3765: 3757: 3594: 3453:Darwin's finches 3408:Darwin's finches 3358: 3352: 3325:Juan José Flores 3318:European empires 3198: 3192: 3048:Abraham Ortelius 3038: 3023:Diego de Almagro 2993:Abraham Ortelius 2919:are known to be 2805:Bartolomé Island 2571: 2570: 2170: 2169: 2157: 2151: 2121:Humboldt Current 2112: 1845: 1744:Santa Fe species 1425:Galápagos petrel 1405:Juan José Flores 1100: 1084: 962:Spreading Center 824: 810: 800: 790: 788:Islas Encantadas 773: 760:Abraham Ortelius 757: 750:American English 747: 746: 743: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 657: 651: 626: 599:renewable energy 563:José de Villamil 437: 428:. They form the 414:volcanic islands 332: 323:vii, viii, ix, x 208: 206: 205: 147: 146: 144: 143: 142: 137: 136:0.500°S 90.500°W 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 95: 77: 70: 66: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9057: 9008: 8999: 8951: 8925:Reykjanes Ridge 8910:Knipovich Ridge 8855:Carlsberg Ridge 8836: 8753: 8659:North Galápagos 8480: 8392: 8383: 8352:Indo-Australian 8323: 8321:Tectonic plates 8318: 8288: 8283: 8225: 8211:Nameless Island 8206:Isla Guy Fawkes 8189: 8178:Santiago Island 8172:Santa Fe Island 8168:(Indefatigable) 8131:Marchena Island 8119:Genovesa Island 8113:Floreana Island 8101:Española Island 8072: 8067: 8037: 8032: 8016:Robinson Crusoe 7992: 7974: 7951: 7933: 7915: 7903: 7891: 7851: 7843: 7832:Oceanic islands 7825: 7823:Pacific islands 7819: 7789: 7784: 7745: 7743: 7734: 7720: 7683: 7674: 7672: 7664: 7662:Central America 7649: 7646: 7600: 7574: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7540: 7538: 7530: 7528: 7498: 7497: 7468: 7439: 7438: 7428: 7426:Further reading 7423: 7396: 7303:Heyerdahl, Thor 7295: 7274: 7240: 7207:, ed. (1911). " 7203: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7181: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7107:Wayback Machine 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7034: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7013: 7009: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6968: 6958: 6951: 6944: 6922: 6918: 6893:PeerJ Preprints 6885: 6881: 6871: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6835: 6834: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6781:10.1038/497306a 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6721: 6717: 6703: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6653: 6649: 6642: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6455: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6437: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6403: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6385: 6383: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6335: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6276: 6272: 6257: 6253: 6242: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6196:"28 March 1944" 6189: 6185: 6170: 6148: 6144: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6085:(Spring 2006). 6080: 6073: 6061: 6052: 6040: 6031: 6019: 6008: 5996: 5983: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5950: 5943: 5937:Melville (1854) 5935: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5911: 5907: 5895: 5891: 5873: 5869: 5857: 5853: 5845: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5777: 5773: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5747: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5701: 5692: 5688: 5683: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5603: 5599: 5584: 5565:10.1.1.593.8988 5551: 5545: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5487: 5486: 5479: 5469: 5467: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5439:10.1890/04-1957 5423: 5419: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5317: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5218: 5214: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5082: 5078: 5071: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5029: 5022: 5015: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4976: 4972: 4964: 4955: 4943: 4936: 4913: 4909: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4841: 4837: 4819: 4818: 4807: 4791: 4790: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4575:illegal fishing 4497:Viceroy of Peru 4426:Psidium guajava 4413: 4318:Waved albatross 4260:Galápagos racer 4101:Grapsus grapsus 4038:Española Island 3973: 3963: 3943:Seymour Airport 3925:Seymour Airport 3904: 3853: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3790: 3788: 3778: 3766: 3744: 3720: 3706: 3690: 3628:Guantanamo-like 3591:Admiralty chart 3577:Seymour Airport 3566: 3509:Floreana Island 3437:round-the-world 3361:death sentences 3314:Ecuadorian Navy 3252:sailor who was 3246:Patrick Watkins 3228:Admiralty chart 3216:Ecuadorian Navy 3181: 3092:Richard Hawkins 3082:of the British 3056: 3034: 2985: 2917:Rapa Nui people 2873: 2868: 2844:giant tortoises 2833:vascular plants 2824: 2818: 2794: 2785:2656.4 mm 2782:1901.7 mm 2578: 2562: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2072: 1877:Nameless Island 1814: 1768:Santiago Island 1653:, dolphins and 1649:, tropicbirds, 1631:St. Christopher 1598:Lonesome George 1542:Galapagos hawks 1532:Puerto Villamil 1503:Puerto Villamil 1393:Floreana Island 1315:waved albatross 1230:Seymour Airport 1218:Itabaca Channel 1191: 1149:above sea level 1133:Española Island 1090: 1074: 1061: 927: 875: 779:Enchanted Isles 712: 708: 705:British English 667: 663: 627:derives from a 609: 567:Ecuadorian Navy 533:Darwin's voyage 529:greatly damaged 458:endemic species 418:Eastern Pacific 406:Islas Galápagos 299: 282: 213: 203: 201: 141:-0.500; -90.500 140: 138: 134: 131: 126: 123: 121: 119: 118: 86: 63: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 9137: 9127: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9043: 9031: 9019: 9004: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8961: 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8880:Explorer Ridge 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8842:Oceanic ridges 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8772:Bellingshausen 8769: 8763: 8761: 8759:Ancient plates 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8719:South Sandwich 8716: 8714:South Bismarck 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8654:North Bismarck 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8594:Juan Fernández 8591: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8490: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8402: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8379:South American 8376: 8371: 8369:North American 8366: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8317: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8294: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8264:Volcán Ecuador 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8239:Alcedo Volcano 8235: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8157: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8125:Isabela Island 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8087: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8066: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8043: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8008: 8002: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7984: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7970:Gorgona Island 7967: 7965:Malpelo Island 7961: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7925: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7899: 7887: 7882: 7872: 7867: 7861: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7818: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7795: 7786: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7735: 7713: 7711: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7670: 7659: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7598: 7587: 7573: 7572: 7560: 7548: 7527: 7526:External links 7524: 7523: 7522: 7512: 7482: 7472: 7466: 7453: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7410: 7400: 7394: 7381: 7351: 7330: 7318: 7299: 7293: 7278: 7273:978-0691142104 7272: 7257: 7253:World Heritage 7244: 7238: 7232:: NSTA Press, 7219: 7205:Chisholm, Hugh 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7166: 7140: 7110: 7092: 7066: 7044: 7022: 7007: 6949: 6942: 6916: 6879: 6853: 6825: 6814:on 7 June 2016 6795: 6746: 6724: 6715: 6685: 6659: 6647: 6640: 6617: 6591: 6566: 6540: 6514: 6495: 6465: 6456:|website= 6413: 6404:|website= 6364: 6345:(in Spanish). 6326: 6307:(in Spanish). 6287: 6270: 6251: 6236: 6206: 6183: 6168: 6142: 6126: 6104: 6083:Niles Eldredge 6071: 6050: 6029: 6006: 5981: 5972: 5960: 5952:Jackson (1993) 5941: 5929: 5917: 5915:, p. 237. 5905: 5889: 5867: 5859:Jackson (1993) 5851: 5834: 5804: 5797: 5771: 5731: 5712:(2): 169–183. 5686: 5677: 5665: 5644: 5622: 5597: 5592:j.ctt24h8gp.20 5582: 5532: 5518: 5498: 5477: 5452: 5433:(1): 111–131. 5417: 5404:10.2307/633849 5382: 5371:. 21 June 2016 5356: 5330: 5315: 5286:(4): 279–287. 5266: 5235: 5212: 5197: 5185: 5160: 5146: 5126: 5119: 5101: 5094: 5076: 5069: 5048: 5041: 5020: 5013: 4995: 4988: 4970: 4953: 4945:Jackson (1993) 4934: 4907: 4882: 4851: 4843:Jackson (1993) 4835: 4805: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4690:Oceania portal 4679: 4676:Islands portal 4665: 4649: 4646: 4557:Crotophaga ani 4542:, dwarf gecko 4493:Thor Heyerdahl 4472:, higuerilla ( 4454:hill raspberry 4412: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4392: 4382: 4357: 4346: 4331:Galápagos hawk 4328: 4315: 4305: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4267: 4257: 4244: 4224: 4214: 4202: 4193: 4186:Galápagos dove 4164:marine reserve 4134:Charles Darwin 4034:Galápagos dove 3962: 3959: 3941:) and Baltra ( 3910:Water taxi in 3903: 3900: 3855: 3854: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3743: 3740: 3716:Main article: 3705: 3702: 3689: 3686: 3565: 3562: 3511:) on 8 April. 3488:In April 1888 3483:Chatham Island 3468:of species by 3441:Charles Darwin 3425:Robert FitzRoy 3329:Charles Island 3180: 3177: 3055: 3052: 2984: 2981: 2961:before present 2944:Thor Heyerdahl 2909:Revillagigedos 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2860:marine iguanas 2820:Main article: 2817: 2814: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779:469.7 mm 2777: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767:175.3 mm 2765: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2753:172.7 mm 2751: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2725:282.6 mm 2723: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2697:135.6 mm 2695: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2683:271.8 mm 2681: 2680:147.3 mm 2678: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2669:309.8 mm 2667: 2666:214.6 mm 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2655:166.4 mm 2653: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2641:666.7 mm 2639: 2638:920.8 mm 2636: 2635:249.0 mm 2633: 2629: 2628: 2627:117.0 mm 2625: 2624:155.2 mm 2622: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2613:172.6 mm 2611: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577:Charles Darwin 2575: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2168: 2113:(2 March 2009) 2071: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2028: 2018: 2012: 2002: 1996: 1986: 1983:Tortuga Island 1975: 1974: 1968: 1957:Gardner Island 1946: 1935:Enderby Island 1932: 1926: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1895:The Encantadas 1884: 1874: 1864: 1848:Leónidas Plaza 1843:Isla Plaza Sur 1835: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1790: 1783:Darwin finches 1756: 1755: 1726: 1687: 1686: 1651:marine iguanas 1612: 1611: 1605: 1591: 1573: 1554: 1553: 1535: 1491: 1490: 1483:Darwin finches 1444: 1385: 1384: 1346: 1323:marine iguanas 1311:marine iguanas 1292: 1285:marine iguanas 1278: 1253: 1190: 1187: 1060: 1057: 918:Spot Satellite 916:seen from the 899:shield volcano 874: 871: 866:naval officers 634:word meaning " 608: 605: 505:Spanish Empire 482:Marine Reserve 462:Charles Darwin 384: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 354: 350: 349: 344: 340: 339: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 283: 281: 280: 269: 267: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 199: 196: 195: 194:Administration 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 116: 112: 111: 106: 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7811: 7809: 7804: 7802: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7775:Pacific Ocean 7772: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7753: 7741: 7740: 7739:Pacific Ocean 7736: 7728: 7724: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7708:Pacific Ocean 7705: 7704: 7701: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7686:Pacific Ocean 7682: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7667:Pacific Ocean 7663: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7643: 7638: 7636: 7631: 7629: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7614: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7558:Latin America 7549: 7547: 7537: 7536: 7533: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7502: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7467:3-86108-909-2 7463: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7443: 7435: 7430: 7429: 7418: 7417: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7294:9781472268815 7290: 7286: 7285: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7239:9780873551830 7235: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7220: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7200:public domain 7189: 7188: 7176: 7170: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7108: 7104: 7101: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7054: 7048: 7032: 7026: 7018: 7011: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6974:Marine Policy 6967: 6963: 6956: 6954: 6945: 6943:9783319671765 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6867: 6860: 6858: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6830: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6734: 6728: 6719: 6711: 6700:. 11 May 2020 6699: 6695: 6689: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6656: 6651: 6643: 6637: 6630: 6629: 6621: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6483: 6479: 6478:galapagos.com 6475: 6469: 6461: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6421:Hoff, Stein. 6417: 6409: 6397: 6381: 6377: 6376: 6368: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6331: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6283:0-7923-0181-1 6280: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6255: 6247: 6240: 6224: 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5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5386: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5345:. 18 May 2021 5344: 5340: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5320: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5223: 5216: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5170: 5164: 5149: 5147:9780918373298 5143: 5139: 5138: 5130: 5122: 5120:9781118852415 5116: 5112: 5105: 5097: 5095:9781118852415 5091: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5070:9781118852415 5066: 5062: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5042:9781118852415 5038: 5034: 5027: 5025: 5016: 5014:9781118852415 5010: 5006: 4999: 4991: 4989:9781118852415 4985: 4981: 4974: 4968:, p. 10. 4967: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4827:Official site 4826: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4795: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4749: 4745: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4728:Darwin's Arch 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4680: 4677: 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4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4103: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4007: 4001: 4000:Marine iguana 3997: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3980:Brown pelican 3977: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3908: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3892:San Cristóbal 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3851: 3848: 3840: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: – 3797: 3793: 3792:Find sources: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3770:This article 3768: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3643:Great Britain 3640: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3619:Easter Island 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3515:José Valdizán 3512: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3484: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333:Galápagos Day 3330: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3306:Gran Colombia 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3230:drafted from 3229: 3224: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3164:James Colnett 3162: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3080:James Colnett 3076: 3069: 3065: 3060: 3051: 3050:around 1570. 3049: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2994: 2989: 2980: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934:, the second 2933: 2930:claimed that 2929: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2913:Easter Island 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901:Desventuradas 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2885:South America 2882: 2878: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801:Pinnacle Rock 2798: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2764:84.1 mm 2763: 2761:15.7 mm 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2750:52.8 mm 2749: 2747:11.0 mm 2746: 2743: 2742: 2739:96.5 mm 2738: 2736:22.6 mm 2735: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2722:90.9 mm 2721: 2719:18.5 mm 2718: 2715: 2714: 2711:89.5 mm 2710: 2708:13.7 mm 2707: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2694:42.2 mm 2693: 2691:12.0 mm 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2677:16.8 mm 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2663:31.4 mm 2662: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2652:79.5 mm 2651: 2649:68.5 mm 2648: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2621:16.8 mm 2620: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2610:78.0 mm 2609: 2607:23.0 mm 2606: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2438:precipitation 2434: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2108: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084:phytoplankton 2081: 2076: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025:San Cristobal 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1972: 1971:Mosqua Island 1969: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1937:- Besides of 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1913:Isla Caldwell 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1812:Minor islands 1806: 1805:vampire finch 1802: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1709: 1708:Indefatigable 1703: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643:frigate birds 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499:Wall of Tears 1495: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479:storm petrels 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437:volcanic cone 1434: 1433:wooden barrel 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1339:Nazca boobies 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1309:. Española's 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289:Darwin's Arch 1286: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1210:Baltra Island 1206: 1202: 1195: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141:Darwin Island 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1107: 1106:oceanographer 1104: 1069: 1065: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:fault systems 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 993:oceanic crust 990: 989:asthenosphere 985: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 919: 915: 911: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 870: 867: 863: 859: 858:British kings 855: 854:James Colnett 852: 849: 845: 842: 839: 834: 832: 828: 823: 818: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 780: 775: 772: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 745: 706: 700: 661: 656: 650: 645: 641: 637: 633: 630: 625: 624: 618: 614: 604: 602: 600: 596: 595:local economy 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 575:first airport 572: 571:United States 568: 564: 560: 559:Gran Colombia 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 540: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446:San Cristóbal 443: 435: 431: 427: 426:South America 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 390: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366:2001 and 2003 365: 361: 358: 357:South America 355: 351: 348: 345: 341: 336: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 304:Official name 302: 298: 293: 289: 285: 278: 274: 271: 270: 268: 266: 262: 257: 253: 249: 246:33,042 (2020) 245: 241: 236: 233: 230: 226: 223: 220: 216: 212: 211: 197: 192: 189: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 160:Major islands 158: 154: 152:Total islands 150: 145: 117: 113: 110: 109:Pacific Ocean 107: 103: 98: 94: 89: 85: 81: 76: 71: 65: 61: 57: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 9050: 9038: 9026: 9007: 8885:Gakkel Ridge 8797:Intermontane 8589:Juan de Fuca 8446:New Hebrides 8398:Minor plates 8329:Major plates 8274:Sierra Negra 8269:Roca Redonda 8259:Daphne Major 8216:Roca Redonda 8201:Daphne Major 8174:(Barrington) 8148:Pinta Island 8109:(Narborough) 8086:(S. Seymour) 8077:Main islands 8069: 7987: 7947:Cocos Island 7905: 7893: 7885:Roca Partida 7870:Rocas Alijos 7773: 7737: 7719: 7706: 7684: 7665: 7605: 7516: 7490: 7476: 7457: 7433: 7415: 7404: 7385: 7362: 7342: 7338: 7323: 7309: 7306: 7283: 7262: 7252: 7224: 7212: 7184:Bibliography 7174: 7169: 7157:. Retrieved 7153:the original 7143: 7131:. Retrieved 7127:the original 7113: 7095: 7083:. Retrieved 7078: 7069: 7057:. Retrieved 7047: 7035:. Retrieved 7025: 7010: 6998:. Retrieved 6978: 6972: 6925: 6919: 6892: 6882: 6870:. Retrieved 6844:. Retrieved 6816:. Retrieved 6812:the original 6807: 6798: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6737:. Retrieved 6727: 6718: 6708:– via 6702:. Retrieved 6688: 6676:. Retrieved 6672:the original 6662: 6655:Grant (2009) 6650: 6627: 6620: 6608:. Retrieved 6603: 6594: 6582:. Retrieved 6578: 6569: 6557:. Retrieved 6553: 6543: 6531:. Retrieved 6529:. 5 May 2023 6526: 6517: 6508: 6504: 6498: 6488:22 September 6486:. Retrieved 6482:the original 6477: 6468: 6436:. Retrieved 6428: 6423: 6416: 6384:. Retrieved 6374: 6367: 6355:. Retrieved 6346: 6342: 6317:. Retrieved 6308: 6304: 6290: 6273: 6260: 6254: 6245: 6239: 6227:. Retrieved 6223:United Press 6209: 6199: 6186: 6175: 6173: 6153: 6145: 6129: 6117:. Retrieved 6107: 6095:. Retrieved 6090: 6063:Halls (2020) 5998:Halls (2020) 5975: 5968:Perry (1972) 5963: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5892: 5882:Galapagueana 5881: 5870: 5854: 5825:. Retrieved 5820: 5807: 5782: 5774: 5748:. Retrieved 5743: 5734: 5709: 5705: 5689: 5680: 5668: 5652: 5647: 5635:. Retrieved 5625: 5613:. Retrieved 5607: 5600: 5555: 5523:. Retrieved 5508: 5501: 5492: 5468:. Retrieved 5455: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5395: 5391: 5385: 5373:. Retrieved 5368: 5359: 5347:. Retrieved 5342: 5333: 5283: 5279: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5248: 5238: 5226:. Retrieved 5215: 5206: 5200: 5188: 5176:. Retrieved 5163: 5151:. Retrieved 5136: 5129: 5110: 5104: 5085: 5079: 5060: 5032: 5004: 4998: 4979: 4973: 4966:Perry (1984) 4928: 4923: 4910: 4899: 4892: 4891:"Galapagos, 4885: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4854: 4838: 4828: 4825: 4782:. 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The 501:fresh water 489:Polynesians 410:archipelago 188:Volcán Wolf 139: / 115:Coordinates 9068:Categories 8850:Aden Ridge 8699:Seychelles 8614:Madagascar 8499:Aegean Sea 8456:Philippine 8357:Australian 8244:Cerro Azul 8150:(Abingdon) 7939:Costa Rica 7906:Santa Rosa 7681:Costa Rica 7495:, New York 7308:Memoir 12: 7159:9 November 6739:8 November 6136:, p. 6065:, p. 6044:, p. 6023:, p. 6000:, p. 5954:, p. 5899:, p. 5861:, p. 5661:163121151X 5574:1885/38139 5525:24 January 5470:23 January 5153:1 February 4947:, p. 4860:"galápago" 4845:, p. 4760:References 4468:, lemon), 4466:grapefruit 4438:cascarilla 4210:Conolophus 4113:School of 3965:See also: 3896:Santa Cruz 3837:April 2023 3807:newspapers 3534:entomology 3530:Rollo Beck 3345:Amazon Day 3266:impressing 3132:John Eaton 3084:Royal Navy 3054:Pirate era 2921:Polynesian 2907:, and the 2893:Clipperton 2716:September 2111:lower map 2090:(top) and 1740:shearwater 1618:Sunset on 1421:patapegada 1214:Santa Cruz 1179:Fernandina 1018:lava flows 923:See also: 591:ecotourism 525:brown rats 450:Santa Cruz 371:Endangered 328:Designated 243:Population 8739:Trobriand 8644:Niuafo’ou 8599:Kerguelen 8574:Halmahera 8569:Greenland 8554:Galápagos 8524:Capricorn 8514:Banda Sea 8504:Anatolian 8421:Caribbean 8342:Antarctic 8254:La Cumbre 8231:Volcanoes 8162:(Chatham) 8133:(Bindloe) 8115:(Charles) 7894:San Tomás 7836:Polynesia 7584:Galapagos 7346:Cambridge 7230:Arlington 6911:2167-9843 6458:ignored ( 6448:cite book 6406:ignored ( 6396:cite book 6353:: 135–160 6176:Albatross 5726:132688162 5637:5 January 5560:CiteSeerX 5259:12 August 4918:(1570), " 4765:Citations 4587:In 2007, 4505:black rat 4464:(orange, 4339:scavenger 4326:albatross 3501:Galapagos 3492:Albatross 3490:USS 3485:in 1844. 3466:evolution 3374:Norwegian 3356:de la Paz 3322:President 3308:in 1830. 3270:Guayaquil 3226:The 1841 3147:marmalade 3120:John Cook 3036:Charles V 2948:potsherds 2936:Sapa Inca 2758:December 2744:November 2618:February 2593:6 m 2590:Altitude 2574:Location 2096:fertilize 2086:) during 1951:- In the 1801:fur seals 1779:flamingos 1742:petrels. 1671:highlands 1417:Flamingos 1005:inflation 1001:rift zone 950:seamounts 930:Volcanism 841:buccaneer 642:. 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