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chosen before the project charter can be produced. Similarly, any large project involving subcontractors, for instance, a construction project, has a complex interplay between the main contractor (the project manager) and subcontractors, or among the subcontractors themselves, which typically has several decision points. For example, if there is an ambiguity in the contract between the contractor and subcontractor, each must decide how hard to push their case without jeopardizing the whole project, and thus their own stake in it. Similarly, when projects from competing organizations are launched, the marketing personnel have to decide what is the best timing and strategy to market the project, or its resultant product or service, so that it can gain maximum traction in the face of competition. In each of these scenarios, the required decisions depend on the decisions of other players who, in some way, have competing interests to the interests of the decision-maker, and thus can ideally be modeled using game theory.
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quantity but there is a high incentive to deviate and produce more, which decreases the market-clearing price. For example, firms may be tempted to deviate from the monopoly quantity if there is a low monopoly quantity and high price, with the aim of increasing production to maximize profit. However this option does not provide the highest payoff, as a firm's ability to maximize profits depends on its market share and the elasticity of the market demand. The
Cournot equilibrium is reached when each firm operates on their reaction function with no incentive to deviate, as they have the best response based on the other firms output. Within the game, firms reach the Nash equilibrium when the Cournot equilibrium is achieved.
4089:
significant number of his subjects. Sovereign control is instead explained by the recognition by each citizen that all other citizens expect each other to view the king (or other established government) as the person whose orders will be followed. Coordinating communication among citizens to replace the sovereign is effectively barred, since conspiracy to replace the sovereign is generally punishable as a crime. Thus, in a process that can be modeled by variants of the prisoner's dilemma, during periods of stability no citizen will find it rational to move to replace the sovereign, even if all the citizens know they would be better off if they were all to act collectively.
4118:
Warfare (ii) Information
Warfare (iii) Weapons Control Warfare, and (iv) Adversary Monitoring Warfare. Many of the problems studied are concerned with sensing and tracking, for example a surface ship trying to track a hostile submarine and the submarine trying to evade being tracked, and the interdependent decision making that takes place with regards to bearing, speed, and the sensor technology activated by both vessels. Ho et al provides a concise summary of the state-of-the-art with regards to the use of game theory in defence applications and highlights the benefits and limitations of game theory in the considered scenarios.
3556:. One important usage of it in the field of managerial economics is in analyzing strategic interactions between firms. For example, firms may be competing in a market with limited resources, and game theory can help managers understand how their decisions impact their competitors and the overall market outcomes. Game theory can also be used to analyze cooperation between firms, such as in forming strategic alliances or joint ventures. Another use of game theory in managerial economics is in analyzing pricing strategies. For example, firms may use game theory to determine the optimal
13453:
4259:. This is a situation in which an organism appears to act in a way that benefits other organisms and is detrimental to itself. This is distinct from traditional notions of altruism because such actions are not conscious, but appear to be evolutionary adaptations to increase overall fitness. Examples can be found in species ranging from vampire bats that regurgitate blood they have obtained from a night's hunting and give it to group members who have failed to feed, to worker bees that care for the queen bee for their entire lives and never mate, to
4301:, because (on average) an individual shares half of the alleles in its sibling's offspring. Ensuring that enough of a sibling's offspring survive to adulthood precludes the necessity of the altruistic individual producing offspring. The coefficient values depend heavily on the scope of the playing field; for example if the choice of whom to favor includes all genetic living things, not just all relatives, we assume the discrepancy between all humans only accounts for approximately 1% of the diversity in the playing field, a coefficient that was
4798:
2672:
72:
1600:
2240:
1656:
2317:
963:
15176:
14158:
13465:
4291:. The more closely related two organisms are causes the incidences of altruism to increase because they share many of the same alleles. This means that the altruistic individual, by ensuring that the alleles of its close relative are passed on through survival of its offspring, can forgo the option of having offspring itself because the same number of alleles are passed on. For example, helping a sibling (in diploid animals) has a coefficient of
899:
3327:
14147:
887:
3523:. A common assumption is that players act rationally. In non-cooperative games, the most famous of these is the Nash equilibrium. A set of strategies is a Nash equilibrium if each represents a best response to the other strategies. If all the players are playing the strategies in a Nash equilibrium, they have no unilateral incentive to deviate, since their strategy is the best they can do given what others are doing.
13489:
13477:
2306:
opponent's valuation of the object of negotiation, companies may be unaware of their opponent's cost functions, combatants may be unaware of their opponent's strengths, and jurors may be unaware of their colleague's interpretation of the evidence at trial. In some cases, participants may know the character of their opponent well, but may not know how well their opponent knows his or her own character.
2325:
probability of 1/2 (this evaluation comes from Player 1's experience probably: she faces players who want to date her half of the time in such a case and players who want to avoid her half of the time). Due to the probability involved, the analysis of this situation requires to understand the player's preference for the draw, even though people are only interested in pure strategic equilibrium.
2496:, in which offspring adopt their parents' strategies and parents who play more successful strategies (i.e. corresponding to higher payoffs) have a greater number of offspring. In the social sciences, such models typically represent strategic adjustment by players who play a game many times within their lifetime and, consciously or unconsciously, occasionally adjust their strategies.
2283:, which is a similar concept pertaining to the common knowledge of each player's sequence, strategies, and payoffs throughout gameplay. Complete information requires that every player know the strategies and payoffs available to the other players but not necessarily the actions taken, whereas perfect information is knowledge of all aspects of the game and players. Games of
2898:
other chooses the column. Each player has two strategies, which are specified by the number of rows and the number of columns. The payoffs are provided in the interior. The first number is the payoff received by the row player (Player 1 in our example); the second is the payoff for the column player (Player 2 in our example). Suppose that Player 1 plays
4101:
to settle disputes agreeably without resorting to fighting. Moreover, war may arise because of commitment problems: if two countries wish to settle a dispute via peaceful means, but each wishes to go back on the terms of that settlement, they may have no choice but to resort to warfare. Finally, war may result from issue indivisibilities.
3342:
assumptions made by game theorists are often violated when applied to real-world situations. Game theorists usually assume players act rationally, but in practice, human rationality and/or behavior often deviates from the model of rationality as used in game theory. Game theorists respond by comparing their assumptions to those used in
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plan to sentence both to two years in prison on a lesser charge but offer each prisoner a
Faustian bargain: If one of them confesses to the crime of the principal charge, betraying the other, they will be pardoned and free to leave while the other must serve the entirety of the sentence instead of just two years for the lesser charge.
2687:(or node) represents a point of choice for a player. The player is specified by a number listed by the vertex. The lines out of the vertex represent a possible action for that player. The payoffs are specified at the bottom of the tree. The extensive form can be viewed as a multi-player generalization of a
4724:
The "battle of the sexes" is a term used to describe the perceived conflict between men and women in various areas of life, such as relationships, careers, and social roles. This conflict is often portrayed in popular culture, such as movies and television shows, as a humorous or dramatic competition
4096:
is that public and open debate in democracies sends clear and reliable information regarding their intentions to other states. In contrast, it is difficult to know the intentions of nondemocratic leaders, what effect concessions will have, and if promises will be kept. Thus there will be mistrust and
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is that the latter considers the worst-case over a set of adversarial moves, rather than reasoning in expectation about these moves given a fixed probability distribution. The minimax approach may be advantageous where stochastic models of uncertainty are not available, but may also be overestimating
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means a strategic game with incomplete information. For a strategic game, decision makers are players, and every player has a group of actions. A core part of the imperfect information specification is the set of states. Every state completely describes a collection of characteristics relevant to the
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can be different for each firm and the firm's payoff is profit. The production costs are public information and the firm aims to find their profit-maximizing quantity based on what they believe the other firm will produce and behave like monopolies. In this game firms want to produce at the monopoly
4770:
The Trust Game is an experiment designed to measure trust in economic decisions. It is also called "the investment game" and is designed to investigate trust and demonstrate its importance rather than "rationality" of self-interest. The game was designed by Berg Joyce, John
Dickhaut and Kevin McCabe
4758:
One player, the proposer, is endowed with a sum of money. The proposer is tasked with splitting it with another player, the responder (who knows what the total sum is). Once the proposer communicates his decision, the responder may accept it or reject it. If the responder accepts, the money is split
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to the political process. In the
Downsian model, political candidates commit to ideologies on a one-dimensional policy space. Downs first shows how the political candidates will converge to the ideology preferred by the median voter if voters are fully informed, but then argues that voters choose to
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on reasoning about the structure of games of chance. Pascal argued for equal division when chances are equal while
Huygens extended the argument by considering strategies for a player who can make any bet with any opponent so long as its terms are equal. Huygens later published his gambling calculus
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Two members of a criminal gang, A and B, are arrested and imprisoned. Each prisoner is in solitary confinement with no means of communication with their partner. The principal charge would lead to a sentence of ten years in prison; however, the police do not have the evidence for a conviction. They
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However, game theory predicts that two countries may still go to war even if their leaders are cognizant of the costs of fighting. War may result from asymmetric information; two countries may have incentives to mis-represent the amount of military resources they have on hand, rendering them unable
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The extensive form can also capture simultaneous-move games and games with imperfect information. To represent it, either a dotted line connects different vertices to represent them as being part of the same information set (i.e. the players do not know at which point they are), or a closed line is
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An important subset of sequential games consists of games of perfect information. A game with perfect information means that all players, at every move in the game, know the previous history of the game and the moves previously made by all other players. An imperfect information game is played when
1923:
Cooperative game theory provides a high-level approach as it describes only the structure and payoffs of coalitions, whereas non-cooperative game theory also looks at how strategic interaction will affect the distribution of payoffs. As non-cooperative game theory is more general, cooperative games
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The
Bertrand competition assumes homogenous products and a constant marginal cost and players choose the prices. The equilibrium of price competition is where the price is equal to marginal costs, assuming complete information about the competitors' costs. Therefore, the firms have an incentive to
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In this game, there are two pure strategy Nash equilibria: one where both the players choose the same strategy and the other where the players choose different options. If the game is played in mixed strategies, where each player chooses their strategy randomly, then there is an infinite number of
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Piraveenan (2019) in his review provides several examples where game theory is used to model project management scenarios. For instance, an investor typically has several investment options, and each option will likely result in a different project, and thus one of the investment options has to be
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A prototypical paper on game theory in economics begins by presenting a game that is an abstraction of a particular economic situation. One or more solution concepts are chosen, and the author demonstrates which strategy sets in the presented game are equilibria of the appropriate type. Economists
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Since the decision to take a vaccine for a particular disease is often made by individuals, who may consider a range of factors and parameters in making this decision (such as the incidence and prevalence of the disease, perceived and real risks associated with contracting the disease, mortality
4117:
Game theory has been used extensively to model decision-making scenarios relevant to defence applications. Most studies that has applied game theory in defence settings are concerned with
Command and Control Warfare, and can be further classified into studies dealing with (i) Resource Allocation
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Game theory could also help predict a nation's responses when there is a new rule or law to be applied to that nation. One example is Peter John Wood's (2013) research looking into what nations could do to help reduce climate change. Wood thought this could be accomplished by making treaties with
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how human populations behave. Some scholars believe that by finding the equilibria of games they can predict how actual human populations will behave when confronted with situations analogous to the game being studied. This particular view of game theory has been criticized. It is argued that the
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which shows the players, strategies, and payoffs (see the example to the right). More generally it can be represented by any function that associates a payoff for each player with every possible combination of actions. In the accompanying example there are two players; one chooses the row and the
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For example, where Player 1 is unsure whether Player 2 would rather date her or get away from her, while Player 2 understands Player 1's preferences as before. To be specific, supposing that Player 1 believes that Player 2 wants to date her under a probability of 1/2 and get away from her under a
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Zero-sum games (more generally, constant-sum games) are games in which choices by players can neither increase nor decrease the available resources. In zero-sum games, the total benefit goes to all players in a game, for every combination of strategies, and always adds to zero (more informally, a
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then gets a payoff of "eight" (which in real-world terms can be interpreted in many ways, the simplest of which is in terms of money but could mean things such as eight days of vacation or eight countries conquered or even eight more opportunities to play the same game against other players) and
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One of the assumptions of the Nash equilibrium is that every player has correct beliefs about the actions of the other players. However, there are many situations in game theory where participants do not fully understand the characteristics of their opponents. Negotiators may be unaware of their
4728:
An example of the "battle of the sexes" can be seen in the portrayal of relationships in popular media, where men and women are often depicted as being fundamentally different and in conflict with each other. For instance, in some romantic comedies, the male and female protagonists are shown as
4088:
It has also been proposed that game theory explains the stability of any form of political government. Taking the simplest case of a monarchy, for example, the king, being only one person, does not and cannot maintain his authority by personally exercising physical control over all or even any
3613:
Sensible decision-making is critical for the success of projects. In project management, game theory is used to model the decision-making process of players, such as investors, project managers, contractors, sub-contractors, governments and customers. Quite often, these players have competing
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must be used. It involves working backward up the game tree to determine what a rational player would do at the last vertex of the tree, what the player with the previous move would do given that the player with the last move is rational, and so on until the first vertex of the tree is reached.
2139:
is used to represent sequential ones. The transformation of extensive to normal form is one way, meaning that multiple extensive form games correspond to the same normal form. Consequently, notions of equilibrium for simultaneous games are insufficient for reasoning about sequential games; see
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Game theory has multiple applications in the field of AI/ML. It is often used in developing autonomous systems that can make complex decisions in uncertain environment. Some other areas of application of game theory in AI/ML context are as follows - multi-agent system formation, reinforcement
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In the game, one player (the investor) is given a sum of money and must decide how much of it to give to another player (the trustee). The amount given is then tripled by the experimenter. The trustee then decides how much of the tripled amount to return to the investor. If the recipient is
1981:
A symmetric game is a game where each player earns the same payoff when making the same choice. In other words, the identity of the player does not change the resulting game facing the other player. Many of the commonly studied 2×2 games are symmetric. The standard representations of
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of certain types, including "loopy" games that may result in infinitely long sequences of moves. These methods address games with higher combinatorial complexity than those usually considered in traditional (or "economic") game theory. A typical game that has been solved this way is
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per the proposal; if the responder rejects, both players receive nothing. Both players know in advance the consequences of the responder accepting or rejecting the offer. The game demonstrates how social acceptance, fairness, and generosity influence the players decisions.
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is also used to refer to a practical approach developed by Nigel Howard, whereby a situation is framed as a strategic game in which stakeholders try to realize their objectives by means of the options available to them. Subsequent developments have led to the formulation of
2001:
have different strategies for each player. It is possible, however, for a game to have identical strategies for both players, yet be asymmetric. For example, the game pictured in this section's graphic is asymmetric despite having identical strategy sets for both players.
1924:
can be analyzed through the approach of non-cooperative game theory (the converse does not hold) provided that sufficient assumptions are made to encompass all the possible strategies available to players due to the possibility of external enforcement of cooperation.
2909:
When a game is presented in normal form, it is presumed that each player acts simultaneously or, at least, without knowing the actions of the other. If players have some information about the choices of other players, the game is usually presented in extensive form.
4252:, "paradoxically, it has turned out that game theory is more readily applied to biology than to the field of economic behaviour for which it was originally designed". Evolutionary game theory has been used to explain many seemingly incongruous phenomena in nature.
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about every action of earlier players; it might be very little knowledge. For instance, a player may know that an earlier player did not perform one particular action, while they do not know which of the other available actions the first player actually performed.
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2734:
has made their choice, the game is considered finished and each player gets their respective payoff, represented in the image as two numbers, where the first number represents Player 1's payoff, and the second number represents Player 2's payoff. Suppose that
2392:
has addressed both perfect and imperfect information games that have very complex combinatorial structures (like chess, go, or backgammon) for which no provable optimal strategies have been found. The practical solutions involve computational heuristics, like
4507:: what it means for a collective to have common beliefs or knowledge, and what are the consequences of this knowledge for the social outcomes resulting from the interactions of agents. Philosophers who have worked in this area include Bicchieri (1989, 1993),
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completely self interested, then he/she should return nothing. However that is not true as the experiment conduct. The outcome suggest that people are willing to place a trust, by risking some amount of money, in the belief that there would be reciprocity.
4311:
in the smaller field becomes 0.995. Similarly if it is considered that information other than that of a genetic nature (e.g. epigenetics, religion, science, etc.) persisted through time the playing field becomes larger still, and the discrepancies smaller.
3285:'s studies of animal behavior during the 1930s. This work predates the name "game theory", but it shares many important features with this field. The developments in economics were later applied to biology largely by John Maynard Smith in his 1982 book
3021:
Alternative game representation forms are used for some subclasses of games or adjusted to the needs of interdisciplinary research. In addition to classical game representations, some of the alternative representations also encode time related aspects.
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7749:
2484:
Evolutionary game theory studies players who adjust their strategies over time according to rules that are not necessarily rational or farsighted. In general, the evolution of strategies over time according to such rules is modeled as a
1790:
In 1994, John Nash was awarded the Nobel
Memorial Prize in the Economic Sciences for his contribution to game theory. Nash's most famous contribution to game theory is the concept of the Nash equilibrium, which is a solution concept for
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Other authors have attempted to use evolutionary game theory in order to explain the emergence of human attitudes about morality and corresponding animal behaviors. These authors look at several games including the prisoner's dilemma,
4991:, Brad, an inexperienced poker player, makes an irrational betting decision without realising and causes his opponent Harlan to deviate from his Nash Equilibrium strategy, resulting in a significant loss when Harlan loses the hand.
5435:
Nevertheless, the mathematical techniques used in game theory are geared to the achievement of a single goal: maximization of the 'security level', where the security level is the least amount a player can receive from a strategy
3441:
to the actions of the other players – provided they are in (the same) Nash equilibrium – playing a strategy that is part of a Nash equilibrium seems appropriate. This normative use of game theory has also come under criticism.
1295:, in which a participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by the losses and gains of the other participant. In the 1950s, it was extended to the study of non zero-sum games, and was eventually applied to a wide range of
4889:, in the sense that they can lead to subgame imperfect equilibria. The movie takes this idea one step further, with the Soviet Union irrevocably committing to a catastrophic nuclear response without making the threat public.
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of many species, in which a large number of prey animals attack a larger predator, seems to be an example of spontaneous emergent organization. Ants have also been shown to exhibit feed-forward behavior akin to fashion (see
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based on how they expect their competitors to respond to their pricing decisions. Overall, game theory serves as a useful tool for analyzing strategic interactions and decision making in the context of managerial economics.
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Some scholars see game theory not as a predictive tool for the behavior of human beings, but as a suggestion for how people ought to behave. Since a strategy, corresponding to a Nash equilibrium of a game constitutes one's
1810:. Aumann contributed more to the equilibrium school, introducing equilibrium coarsening and correlated equilibria, and developing an extensive formal analysis of the assumption of common knowledge and of its consequences.
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3366:, people regularly do not play Nash equilibria. There is an ongoing debate regarding the importance of these experiments and whether the analysis of the experiments fully captures all aspects of the relevant situation.
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present an apparent conflict between morality and self-interest, explaining why cooperation is required by self-interest is an important component of this project. This general strategy is a component of the general
4187:. In addition, the focus has been less on equilibria that correspond to a notion of rationality and more on ones that would be maintained by evolutionary forces. The best-known equilibrium in biology is known as the
3318:, represents the player's choices as metaphorical chemical reactant molecules called "knowlecules". Chemical game theory then calculates the outcomes as equilibrium solutions to a system of chemical reactions.
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old theory of utility (of money) as an independent discipline. This foundational work contains the method for finding mutually consistent solutions for two-person zero-sum games. Subsequent work focused primarily on
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Every extensive-form game has an equivalent normal-form game, however, the transformation to normal form may result in an exponential blowup in the size of the representation, making it computationally impractical.
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that warn group members of a predator's approach, even when it endangers that individual's chance of survival. All of these actions increase the overall fitness of a group, but occur at a cost to the individual.
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Piraveenan summarises that two-player games are predominantly used to model project management scenarios, and based on the identity of these players, five distinct types of games are used in project management.
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8111:
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In terms of types of games, both cooperative as well as non-cooperative, normal-form as well as extensive-form, and zero-sum as well as non-zero-sum are used to model various project management scenarios.
4526:. The hope was that rigorous mathematical analysis of game theory might help formalize the more imprecise philosophical discussions. However, this expectation was only materialized to a limited extent.
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4381:
The emergence of the
Internet has motivated the development of algorithms for finding equilibria in games, markets, computational auctions, peer-to-peer systems, and security and information markets.
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and 2007 television series, presents the main characters in each episode with a game or problem that is typically drawn from game theory, as demonstrated by the strategies applied by the characters.
2094:. It is possible to transform any constant-sum game into a (possibly asymmetric) zero-sum game by adding a dummy player (often called "the board") whose losses compensate the players' net winnings.
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learning, mechanism design etc. By using game theory to model the behavior of other agents and anticipate their actions, AI/ML systems can make better decisions and operate more effectively.
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Mean field game theory is the study of strategic decision making in very large populations of small interacting agents. This class of problems was considered in the economics literature by
10128:
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with a state variable such as the current strategy profile or how the game has been played in the recent past. Such rules may feature imitation, optimization, or survival of the fittest.
2345:. There is no unified theory addressing combinatorial elements in games. There are, however, mathematical tools that can solve some particular problems and answer some general questions.
1693:, applicable to a wider variety of games than the criterion proposed by von Neumann and Morgenstern. Nash proved that every finite n-player, non-zero-sum (not just two-player zero-sum)
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Chang, Sheryl L.; Piraveenan, Mahendra; Pattison, Philippa; Prokopenko, Mikhail (2020). "Game theoretic modelling of infectious disease dynamics and intervention methods: a review".
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4885:. For example, nuclear deterrence depends on the threat to retaliate catastrophically if a nuclear attack is detected. A game theorist might argue that such threats can fail to be
1583:
proved a minimax theorem for two-person zero-sum matrix games only when the pay-off matrix is symmetric and provided a solution to a non-trivial infinite game (known in English as
2123:(or dynamic games) are games where players do not make decisions simultaneously, and player's earlier actions affect the outcome and decisions of other players. This need not be
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rate, perceived and real risks associated with vaccination, and financial cost of vaccination), game theory has been used to model and predict vaccination uptake in a society.
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In cooperative game theory the characteristic function lists the payoff of each coalition. The origin of this formulation is in John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern's book.
2535:"). This player is not typically considered a third player in what is otherwise a two-player game, but merely serves to provide a roll of the dice where required by the game.
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for each player such that, when these strategies are employed, no player can profit by unilaterally deviating from their strategy. These equilibrium strategies determine an
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Individual decision problems with stochastic outcomes are sometimes considered "one-player games". They may be modeled using similar tools within the related disciplines of
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In biology, game theory has been used as a model to understand many different phenomena. It was first used to explain the evolution (and stability) of the approximate 1:1
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General models that include all elements of stochastic outcomes, adversaries, and partial or noisy observability (of moves by other players) have also been studied. The "
2413:
Much of game theory is concerned with finite, discrete games that have a finite number of players, moves, events, outcomes, etc. Many concepts can be extended, however.
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Khan, Faisal Shah; Solmeyer, Neal; Balu, Radhakrishnan; Humble, Travis S. (November 2018). "Quantum games: a review of the history, current state, and interpretation".
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Ultimatum game has a variant, that is the dictator game. They are mostly identical, except in dictator game the responder has no power to reject the proposer's offer.
2543:
extremely unlikely (but costly) events, dramatically swaying the strategy in such scenarios if it is assumed that an adversary can force such an event to happen. (See
2538:
For some problems, different approaches to modeling stochastic outcomes may lead to different solutions. For example, the difference in approach between MDPs and the
2333:
Games in which the difficulty of finding an optimal strategy stems from the multiplicity of possible moves are called combinatorial games. Examples include chess and
4208:) suggested that the 1:1 sex ratios are a result of evolutionary forces acting on individuals who could be seen as trying to maximize their number of grandchildren.
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4063:. In each of these areas, researchers have developed game-theoretic models in which the players are often voters, states, special interest groups, and politicians.
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interests, and sometimes their interests are directly detrimental to other players, making project management scenarios well-suited to be modeled by game theory.
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exemplifies a zero-sum game (ignoring the possibility of the house's cut), because one wins exactly the amount one's opponents lose. Other zero-sum games include
3294:
In addition to being used to describe, predict, and explain behavior, game theory has also been used to develop theories of ethical or normative behavior and to
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6774:
3270:. The use of game theory in the social sciences has expanded, and game theory has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well.
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of the cost function. It was shown that the modified optimization problem can be reformulated as a discounted differential game over an infinite time interval.
5574:. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians (1912) (in German). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 501–504. Archived from
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for each outcome. (Eric Rasmusen refers to these four "essential elements" by the acronym "PAPI".) A game theorist typically uses these elements, along with a
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in the biological sense. Evolutionary game theory includes both biological as well as cultural evolution and also models of individual learning (for example,
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to understand a large collection of economic behaviors, including behaviors of firms, markets, and consumers. The first use of game-theoretic analysis was by
1359:
in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields.
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1852:
were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design". In 2014, the Nobel went to game theorist
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Most cooperative games are presented in the characteristic function form, while the extensive and the normal forms are used to define noncooperative games.
2083:
has net results greater or less than zero. Informally, in non-zero-sum games, a gain by one player does not necessarily correspond with a loss by another.
1912:, which focuses on predicting which coalitions will form, the joint actions that groups take, and the resulting collective payoffs. It is different from
2699:
The game pictured consists of two players. The way this particular game is structured (i.e., with sequential decision making and perfect information),
1795:. A Nash equilibrium is a set of strategies, one for each player, such that no player can improve their payoff by unilaterally changing their strategy.
9162:
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4733:
Nash equilibria. However, in the context of the "battle of the sexes" game, the assumption is usually made that the game is played in pure strategies.
3302:, scholars have applied game theory to help in the understanding of good or proper behavior. Game-theoretic approaches have also been suggested in the
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theory, which analyzes optimal strategies for groups of individuals, presuming that they can enforce agreements between them about proper strategies.
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3577:. CIPS and TWS Partners have conducted a series of surveys designed to explore the understanding, awareness and application of game theory among
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the players do not know all moves already made by the opponent such as a simultaneous move game. Examples of perfect-information games include
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player such as their preferences and details about them. There must be a state for every set of features that some player believes may exist.
10101:
2624:
The games studied in game theory are well-defined mathematical objects. To be fully defined, a game must specify the following elements: the
10177:
4789:
The Cournot competition model involves players choosing quantity of a homogenous product to produce independently and simultaneously, where
4197:). Although its initial motivation did not involve any of the mental requirements of the Nash equilibrium, every ESS is a Nash equilibrium.
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5818:
4817:
deviate from the equilibrium because a homogenous product with a lower price will gain all of the market share, known as a cost advantage.
9783:
5356:
14844:
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9752:
4972:. At the beginning of the film she is seen in her NYU classroom playing a game of poker with her teaching assistant and wins the game by
2547:
for more discussion on this kind of modeling issue, particularly as it relates to predicting and limiting losses in investment banking.)
1345:
929:
861:
6509:
2115:
are games where both players move simultaneously, or instead the later players are unaware of the earlier players' actions (making them
10207:
Ben-David, S.; Borodin, A.; Karp, R.; Tardos, G.; Wigderson, A. (January 1994). "On the power of randomization in on-line algorithms".
8198:
8612:
14194:
14028:
11393:"Strategy-proofness and Arrow's conditions: Existence and correspondence theorems for voting procedures and social welfare functions"
10155:
4015:
2679:
The extensive form can be used to formalize games with a time sequencing of moves. Extensive form games can be visualised using game
1993:
The most commonly studied asymmetric games are games where there are not identical strategy sets for both players. For instance, the
1757:
1372:
10178:"An Analysis of the Applications of Networks in "Molly's Game" : Networks Course blog for INFO 2040/CS 2850/Econ 2040/SOC 2090"
13527:
7480:
2452:
5317:
11642:
11628:
8006:
6301:
5787:
5052: – an endgame situation where a player who is unable to win has the capacity to determine which player among others will win
1472:), which was written around 1564 but published posthumously in 1663, sketches some basic ideas on games of chance. In the 1650s,
9929:
6926:
Tomlin, C.J.; Lygeros, J.; Shankar Sastry, S. (July 2000). "A game theoretic approach to controller design for hybrid systems".
11711:
8634:
6022:
3934:
2531:
Stochastic outcomes can also be modeled in terms of game theory by adding a randomly acting player who makes "chance moves" ("
2131:
The difference between simultaneous and sequential games is captured in the different representations discussed above. Often,
11839:
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11453:
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7958:
7895:
7869:
7642:
7531:
7204:
7163:
7062:
Genesereth, Michael; Love, Nathaniel; Pell, Barney (15 June 2005). "General Game Playing: Overview of the AAAI Competition".
6680:
6655:
6619:
6591:
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6468:
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6315:
6282:
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with her boyfriend's disapproving mother Eleanor, losing the game to Eleanor on purpose but winning her approval as a result.
2090:
correspond to activities like theft and gambling, but not to the fundamental economic situation in which there are potential
1631:
1501:
1332:
10647:
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8187:
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between the genders. This conflict can be depicted in a game theory framework. This is an example of non-cooperative games.
14795:
13276:
12738:
8209:
5509:
4008:
3540:
3295:
11166:(1953), A Value for n-person Games, In: Contributions to the Theory of Games volume II, H. W. Kuhn and A. W. Tucker (eds.)
10060:
10008:
7388:
Velegol, Darrell; Suhey, Paul; Connolly, John; Morrissey, Natalie; Cook, Laura (17 October 2018). "Chemical Game Theory".
3585:
application of game theory to procurement activity has increased – at the time it was at 19% across all survey respondents
3373:, have turned to evolutionary game theory in order to resolve these issues. These models presume either no rationality or
14775:
14418:
8025:
6786:
Tagiew, Rustam (3 May 2011). "If more than Analytical Modeling is Needed to Predict Real Agents' Strategic Interaction".
3489:
7035:
5500:
Bellhouse, David R. (2015). "Le Her and Other Problems in Probability Discussed by Bernoulli, Montmort and Waldegrave".
5227:
For a more detailed discussion of the use of game theory in ethics, see the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy's entry
30:
This article is about the mathematical study of strategic behavior. For the mathematical study of sequential games, see
13421:
12906:
12555:
12090:
11888:
11765:
5070:
4904:, who described the band's name as alluding to "the study of calculating the most appropriate action given an adversary
2524:. Although these fields may have different motivators, the mathematics involved are substantially the same, e.g. using
1780:
1251:
10837:. Textbook suitable for undergraduates in applied fields; numerous examples, fewer formalisms in concept presentation.
6461:
A Game-Theoretical Approach to Markov Decision Processes, Stochastic Positional Games and Multicriteria Control Models
4872:, the character Carl Jenkins referred to his military intelligence assignment as being assigned to "games and theory".
4729:
having opposing views on love and relationships, and they have to overcome these differences in order to be together.
14879:
13493:
12374:
12193:
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4109:. However, he concluded that this idea could not work because it would create a prisoner's dilemma for the nations.
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15190:
14749:
14313:
12957:
11995:
9451:
Theory of Games as a Tool for the Moral Philosopher. An Inaugural Lecture Delivered in Cambridge on 2 December 1954
7444:
Kadane, Joseph B.; Larkey, Patrick D. (December 1983). "The Confusion of Is and Ought in Game Theoretic Contexts".
4706:(and therefore the best response to any possible opponent strategy), is to betray the other, which aligns with the
1614:
1197:
1165:
11779:
9832:
Aoki, Ryuta; Yomogida, Yukihito; Matsumoto, Kenji (January 2015). "The neural bases for valuing social equality".
4973:
2421:
is typically modeled with players' strategies being any non-negative quantities, including fractional quantities.
2243:
A game of imperfect information. The dotted line represents ignorance on the part of player 2, formally called an
2079:
Many games studied by game theorists (including the famed prisoner's dilemma) are non-zero-sum games, because the
1314:
Modern game theory began with the idea of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by
15228:
15097:
14477:
13371:
12464:
10240:
8515:"Game-theoretic model to examine the two tradeoffs in the acquisition of information for a careful balancing act"
6335:
4072:
3258:, game theory has been used to study a wide variety of human and animal behaviors. It was initially developed in
2654:
to the game—a stable state in which either one outcome occurs or a set of outcomes occur with known probability.
2378:
922:
10286:
Grim, Patrick; Kokalis, Trina; Alai-Tafti, Ali; Kilb, Nicholas; St Denis, Paul (2004), "Making meaning happen",
8368:
Fels, E. M. (1961). "Review of Strategy and Market Structure: Competition, Oligopoly, and the Theory of Games".
4500:
that define them as Nash equilibria that result from transforming a mixed-motive game into a coordination game.
2566:
These are games the play of which is the development of the rules for another game, the target or subject game.
14739:
13469:
12334:
12005:
11735:
8922:
Ho, Edwin; Rajagopalan, Arvind; Skvortsov, Alex; Arulampalam, Sanjeev; Piraveenan, Mahendra (28 January 2022).
5214:
4189:
3899:
3627:
1772:
1410:
1138:
17:
12173:
1806:
followed Nash, Selten, and Harsanyi as Nobel Laureates. Schelling worked on dynamic models, early examples of
14770:
14187:
12899:
12515:
11933:
11908:
11727:
11620:
7911:
Smith, Vernon L. (December 1992). "Game Theory and Experimental Economics: Beginnings and Early Influences".
5142:
4710:. However, both prisoners staying silent would yield a greater reward for both of them than mutual betrayal.
2934:
2244:
260:
10846:
Differential Games: A Mathematical Theory With Applications to Warfare and Pursuit, Control and Optimization
522:
13719:
13520:
13481:
12865:
12291:
12045:
12035:
11970:
11603:
10841:
9805:
Harsanyi, John C. (June 1961). "On the rationality postulates underlying the theory of cooperative games".
9555:
5147:
4386:
4052:
2684:
1865:
43:
9632:
7013:
Kearns, Michael; Littman, Michael L.; Singh, Satinder (7 March 2011). "Graphical Models for Game Theory".
15045:
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14013:
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13653:
13396:
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8690:
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5099:
4901:
4081:
remain rationally ignorant which allows for candidate divergence. Game theory was applied in 1962 to the
3346:. Thus while their assumptions do not always hold, they can treat game theory as a reasonable scientific
1792:
1745:
1570:
1349:
1319:
871:
91:
81:
8455:
4533:, some (most notably David Gauthier, Gregory Kavka, and Jean Hampton) authors have attempted to pursue
1681:'s investigations into game theory. RAND pursued the studies because of possible applications to global
14524:
14502:
13675:
13663:
13658:
13648:
12967:
12799:
12550:
12520:
12178:
12020:
12015:
11507:
Dolev, Shlomi; Panagopoulou, Panagiota N.; Rabie, Mikaël; Schiller, Elad M.; Spirakis, Paul G. (2011).
11253:
English translation: "On the Theory of Games of Strategy," in A. W. Tucker and R. D. Luce, ed. (1959),
9372:
7820:
6961:
Koller, Daphne; Pfeffer, Avi (July 1997). "Representations and solutions for game-theoretic problems".
5687:
5064:
5040:
3966:
3873:
2447:
theory. In particular, there are two types of strategies: the open-loop strategies are found using the
2365:
1460:
Discussions on the mathematics of games began long before the rise of modern mathematical game theory.
915:
865:
395:
385:
11610:
8736:
7275:
3007:. The function describes how much collective payoff a set of players can gain by forming a coalition.
1352:, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.
15233:
14618:
14093:
13618:
13569:
13381:
13353:
12990:
12835:
12758:
12494:
12050:
11975:
11832:
5125:
5019:
4959:
in a scene where he asks passengers in two different ferries to bomb the other one to save their own.
4056:
3155:
2975:
2398:
2349:
1749:
275:
31:
7220:
Bhat, Navin; Leyton-Brown, Kevin (11 July 2012). "Computing Nash Equilibria of Action-Graph Games".
4211:
Additionally, biologists have used evolutionary game theory and the ESS to explain the emergence of
2570:
seek to maximize the utility value of the rule set developed. The theory of metagames is related to
15223:
14455:
14180:
13759:
13628:
13426:
12850:
12583:
12469:
12266:
12060:
11878:
11739:
11445:
11392:
11005:
10994:
10314:
8522:
6998:
6852:; von Stengel, Bernhard (1994). "Fast algorithms for finding randomized strategies in game trees".
5263:
5137:
4964:
4869:
4855:
4570:
as providing an explanation for the emergence of attitudes about morality (see, e.g., Skyrms (
4473:
4174:
4106:
3961:
3919:
3723:
3716:
3469:
3359:
3338:
3299:
3263:
2479:
2467:
2463:
1898:
1807:
1784:
1559:
1520:
1368:
844:
582:
537:
390:
159:
103:
12653:
10093:
9867:
Berg, Joyce; Dickhaut, John; McCabe, Kevin (July 1995). "Trust, Reciprocity, and Social History".
7362:
7148:
2008 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control & Automation
5287:
Shapley, Lloyd S.; Shubik, Martin (1 January 1971). "Chapter 1, Introduction, The Use of Models".
4097:
unwillingness to make concessions if at least one of the parties in a dispute is a non-democracy.
3591:
70% of respondents say that they have "only a basic or a below basic understanding" of game theory
3281:
made game-theoretic kinds of statements, the use of game-theoretic analysis in biology began with
597:
14661:
14628:
14408:
14161:
14058:
14053:
14003:
13876:
13754:
13513:
13311:
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12940:
12855:
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12080:
11868:
11513:
Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS symposium on Principles of distributed computing
10808:
10609:
10508:
10487:
10269:
10065:
8145:
7998:
Vincent P. Crawford (1997). "Theory and Experiment in the Analysis of Strategic Interaction," in
6075:
5899:
5196:
5082:
5034:
4843:
4827:
4453:
4382:
4333:
4272:
4093:
3808:
3738:
3509:
2923:
2525:
2513:
2389:
2385:, which is concerned with estimating the computational difficulty of finding optimal strategies.
1876:
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1649:
1341:
1192:
547:
355:
345:
305:
295:
202:
125:
5841:
5810:
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on the part of players. Despite the name, evolutionary game theory does not necessarily presume
15105:
14988:
14734:
14703:
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12364:
12223:
12168:
12100:
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11990:
11918:
11701:
11539:
9775:
8474:
Martin Shubik (1978). "Game Theory: Economic Applications," in W. Kruskal and J.M. Tanur, ed.,
7187:
Tagiew, Rustam (2009). "On Multi-agent Petri Net Models for Computing Extensive Finite Games".
6993:
5188:
5104:
5007:
4748:
4371:
4367:
3501:
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2583:
2402:
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1626:
1327:
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717:
562:
300:
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197:
144:
10152:"Game theory in Crazy Rich Asians: explaining the Mahjong showdown between Rachel and Eleanor"
9744:
8322:
6500:
6307:
5715:
2443:. The problem of finding an optimal strategy in a differential game is closely related to the
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15138:
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14754:
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13724:
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13063:
12945:
12339:
12324:
11898:
11258:
11228:
9422:
Stalnaker, Robert (October 1996). "Knowledge, Belief and Counterfactual Reasoning in Games".
6015:
5683:
5675:
5632:
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5088:
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2009:
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851:
532:
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350:
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270:
265:
11787:
8318:
8195:
8033:
6542:
5630:(1928). "Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele" [On the Theory of Games of Strategy].
5601:
2972:
from the set of all possible coalitions of players to a set of payments, and also satisfies
1700:
Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which the concepts of the
15213:
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13993:
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8883:
6728:
6502:
Robust Planning in Domains with Stochastic Outcomes, Adversaries, and Partial Observability
5523:
5383:
5192:
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1030:
981:
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602:
424:
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280:
245:
149:
139:
86:
10151:
9329:(1989). "Self-Refuting Theories of Strategic Interaction: A Paradox of Common Knowledge".
9091:
7259:
7242:
6083:
8:
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14514:
14428:
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12236:
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12143:
12000:
11883:
11721:
10380:
9487:
6988:
Michael, Michael Kearns; Littman, Michael L. (2001). "Graphical Models for Game Theory".
6807:
5167:
5022: – Intentionality that occurs when two or more individuals undertake a task together
4969:
4784:
4481:
4256:
4234:
4223:
has provided insight into the evolution of communication among animals. For example, the
4163:
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3777:
3754:
3658:
3595:
3493:
3374:
3267:
3255:
2680:
2666:
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120:
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10883:
Game theory at work: how to use game theory to outthink and outmaneuver your competition
10420:
9524:
9026:
8949:
8887:
6242:
5527:
5387:
4488:. This later suggestion has been pursued by several philosophers since Lewis. Following
2558:(POSG), but few realistic problems are computationally feasible in POSG representation.
2439:
are continuous games where the evolution of the players' state variables is governed by
497:
15111:
14435:
14232:
13998:
13944:
13871:
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13739:
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10849:
10528:
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10400:
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10303:
10224:
9968:
9894:
Johnson, Noel D.; Mislin, Alexandra A. (October 2011). "Trust games: A meta-analysis".
9676:
9651:
9510:
9364:
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9326:
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9274:
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9057:
9003:
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8412:
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8283:
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7924:
7882:. Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications. Vol. 2. pp. 1091–1125.
7856:. Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications. Vol. 2. pp. 1055–1089.
7563:
7405:
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7169:
7014:
6943:
6875:
6827:
6787:
6759:
6701:
6097:
6089:
6012:
5954:
5867:"Cooperative Game Theory: Characteristic Functions, Allocations, Marginal Contribution"
5653:
5539:
5513:
5426:
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5013:
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6854:
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing – STOC '94
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3581:
professionals. Some of the main findings in their third annual survey (2019) include:
1889:
if the players are able to form binding commitments externally enforced (e.g. through
15180:
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14889:
14509:
14375:
14325:
14320:
14131:
14119:
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11019:
10957:
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10911:
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10853:
10830:
10812:
10800:
10786:
10765:
10745:
10717:
10694:
10655:
10608:
Consistent treatment of game types usually claimed by different applied fields, e.g.
10598:
10580:
10562:
10544:
10495:
10473:
10467:
10452:
10389:
10366:
10348:
10326:
10273:
10047:... is that the whole point of the doomsday machine is lost, if you keep it a secret!
10040:
9990:
9921:
9849:
9724:
9720:
9681:
9611:
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9403:
9376:
9350:
9307:
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9038:
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8899:
8895:
8659:"Applications of Game Theory in Project Management: A Structured Review and Analysis"
8588:
8493:
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Game theory evolving: a problem-centered introduction to modeling strategic behavior
10532:
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9236:
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7191:. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 244. Springer. pp. 243–254.
7173:
5543:
5357:"Book report: Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (von Neumann & Morgenstern)"
3604:
90% of respondents said that they do not have the software they need for their work.
3552:
Game theory also has an extensive use in a specific branch or stream of economics –
2147:
In short, the differences between sequential and simultaneous games are as follows:
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10997:(1838), "Recherches sur les principles mathematiques de la théorie des richesses",
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explores the relationship between extraterrestrial life, humanity, and game theory.
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solution to a two-person version of the card game, and the problem is now known as
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What is Mathematical Game Theory ?( #5) – Finale, summing up, and my own view
9951:
Spulber, Daniel F. (1995). "Bertrand Competition when Rivals' Costs are Unknown".
9532:
8335:
Bagwell, Kyle; Wolinsky, Asher (2002). "Game theory and industrial organization".
5464:
3460:. Applications include a wide array of economic phenomena and approaches, such as
1355:
Game theory was developed extensively in the 1950s, and was explicitly applied to
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allow players to choose a strategy from a continuous strategy set. For instance,
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which focuses on predicting individual players' actions and payoffs by analyzing
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developed a criterion for mutual consistency of players' strategies known as the
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11315:(1913), "Über eine Anwendung der Mengenlehre auf die Theorie des Schachspiels",
8429:
Martin Shubik (1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy," in
8206:
6583:
6385:
Petrosjan, L. A.; Murzov, N. V. (1966). "Game-theoretic problems of mechanics".
4271:. Altruists discriminate between the individuals they help and favor relatives.
3573:(CIPS) promotes knowledge and use of game theory within the context of business
2671:
1609:
Game theory emerged as a unique field when John von Neumann published the paper
15029:
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Dynamics of Rational Negotiation: Game Theory, Language Games and Forms of Life
10713:
10261:
10070:
9907:
9818:
9667:
9007:
8813:
8251:
7627:
Agent-Based Computational Economics: A Constructive Approach to Economic Theory
7043:. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
6849:
6638:
Aumann, Robert J.; Heifetz, Aviad (2002). "Chapter 43 Incomplete information".
6571:
5917:
5451:. Sarton Lecture, School of Architecture and Engineering, University of Ghent.
5422:
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4742:
4394:
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7347:
6810:(December 1973). "A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria".
6297:
5395:
4503:
Game theory has also challenged philosophers to think in terms of interactive
3601:
50% of respondents said that new or improved software solutions were desirable
3452:
Game theory is a major method used in mathematical economics and business for
1825:
were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics "for having laid the foundations of
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9776:"Battle of the Sexes – Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies for coordination"
9211:"Introduction to the Special Issue on Learning and Computational Game Theory"
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Not knowing the other and not knowing oneself, In every battle certain defeat
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Spieltheorie-Software.de: An application for Game Theory implemented in JAVA
11762:
11570:
11520:
11199:
9191:
7457:
4968:, the female lead Rachel Chu is a professor of economics and game theory at
4275:
explains the evolutionary rationale behind this selection with the equation
3354:. However, empirical work has shown that in some classic games, such as the
1720:
were developed. The 1950s also saw the first applications of game theory to
71:
15091:
15067:
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15015:
14996:
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9395:
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8732:
8546:"Options Games: Balancing the trade-off between flexibility and commitment"
7795:
7575:
7547:
4930:
4831:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4229:
4066:
Early examples of game theory applied to political science are provided by
3976:
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3684:
2486:
2459:
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can be reduced, however, to games of imperfect information by introducing "
1890:
1599:
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817:
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115:
35:
12891:
11752:
McKelvey, Richard D., McLennan, Andrew M., and Turocy, Theodore L. (2007)
9042:
8321:, and "Non-Cooperative Game Theory: A User's Guide Manual,' " ch. 11, pp.
7155:
6861:
3588:
65% of participants predict that use of game theory applications will grow
15059:
14859:
14744:
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14608:
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12108:
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11873:
11138:
10886:
8301:
8271:
8161:
8046:
Shubik, Martin (2002). "Chapter 62 Game theory and experimental gaming".
5775:
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1437:
Knowing the other and knowing oneself, In one hundred battles no danger,
1125:
792:
782:
572:
11817:
11740:
evidence on the accuracy of forecasts from game theory and other methods
10907:
Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations
9123:
Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations
8675:
8658:
8381:
8279:
6432:
4537:' project of deriving morality from self-interest. Since games like the
4492:
game-theoretic account of conventions, Edna Ullmann-Margalit (1977) and
3519:
This research usually focuses on particular sets of strategies known as
2316:
15152:
15039:
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13803:
13555:
13321:
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12995:
12474:
12128:
11704:— Introduction, worked examples, play online two-person zero-sum games.
11241:
10932:
10524:
10220:
9972:
9745:"Battle of the Sexes | History, Participants, & Facts | Britannica"
9342:
9139:
8848:
8827:
Fearon, James D. (1 January 1995). "Rationalist Explanations for War".
8416:
7812:
7782:
Nisan, Noam; Ronen, Amir (April 2001). "Algorithmic Mechanism Design".
7567:
7091:"Modeling shortest path games with Petri nets: a Lyapunov based theory"
6823:
5649:
4449:
4220:
4112:
3465:
2342:
1748:, which further refined the Nash equilibrium. Later he would introduce
1721:
1622:
1587:). Borel conjectured the non-existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in
1497:
1323:
1093:
1080:
1039:
702:
502:
11777:
Benjamin Moritz, Bernhard Könsgen, Danny Bures, Ronni Wiersch, (2007)
9474:
Kuhn, Steven T. (July 2004). "Reflections on Ethics and Game Theory".
9254:
8958:
7629:. Handbook of Computational Economics. Vol. 2. pp. 831–880.
5535:
5430:
5043: – negotiations between members of a household to reach decisions
4933:
explores elements of game theory in regard to cold war army exercises.
1534:
Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses
15053:
14854:
14805:
14788:
14726:
14708:
14482:
14396:
14114:
13881:
13798:
13793:
13606:
12379:
12299:
12123:
11718:— Syllabuses and lecture notes for game theory and political science.
11297:
10690:
10428:
9608:
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: Foundations and Modern Approaches
8226:
Camerer, Colin F.; Loewenstein, George; Rabin, Matthew, eds. (2011).
8084:
7593:
Psychological Pricing in Mergers & Acquisitions using Game Theory
6939:
6753:
6422:
6405:
6331:
5991:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 14–17.
5472:
Journal Électronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique
5037: – List of definitions of terms and concepts used in game theory
4943:
4912:
4893:
4747:
The ultimatum game is a game that has become a popular instrument of
4563:
4201:
3924:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3711:
3481:
3351:
3259:
3218:
3182:
2499:
2493:
2462:. In such games, the terminal time is a random variable with a given
2334:
1987:
1669:
appeared, and an experiment was undertaken by notable mathematicians
1440:
Not knowing the other and knowing oneself, One victory for one loss,
1356:
1276:
552:
483:
63:
10954:
Game Theory: A Nontechnical Introduction to the Analysis of Strategy
9964:
9606:
Albrecht, Stefano V.; Christianos, Filippos; Schäfer, Lukas (2024).
8408:
7600:
5563:Über eine Anwendung der Mengenlehre auf die Theorie des Schachspiels
5174:
in the late 1960s, it was not widely considered by economists until
3310:. Game-theoretic arguments of this type can be found as far back as
2458:
A particular case of differential games are the games with a random
1551:Über eine Anwendung der Mengenlehre auf die Theorie des Schachspiels
14941:
14874:
14810:
14623:
14601:
14497:
14445:
14203:
13906:
13901:
13776:
13225:
13144:
13071:
12814:
12314:
11659:— Comprehensive list of links to game theory information on the Web
11537:
10042:
Dr. Strangelove Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
9515:
8940:
7334:
Bruin, Boudewijn de (September 2005). "Game Theory in Philosophy".
6101:
5518:
5061: – Application of economic theory to analysis of legal systems
3763:
3728:
2567:
2257:
1569:
proved that the mathematical model had a winning strategy by using
1539:
Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth
977:
954:
10341:
Paradoxes of Rationality: Games, Metagames, and Political Behavior
8544:
Chevalier-Roignant, Benoît; Trigeorgis, Lenos (15 February 2012).
8395:
Reid, Gavin C. (1982). "Review of Market Structure and Behavior".
7943:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
7838:
7815:; Roughgarden, Tim; Tardos, Eva; Vazirani, Vijay V., eds. (2007).
7510:(1981). "Game Theory Models and Methods in Political Economy". In
7226:
7019:
6792:
6093:
5568:
On an Application of Set Theory to the Theory of the Game of Chess
3369:
Some game theorists, following the work of John Maynard Smith and
2765:
1556:
On an Application of Set Theory to the Theory of the Game of Chess
14894:
14688:
14681:
14546:
14342:
13960:
13859:
13771:
13505:
13010:
12535:
12525:
12203:
11754:
11673:— Lecture notes, interactive illustrations and other information.
11317:
Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Mathematicians
11226:
von Neumann, John (1928), "Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele",
10822:. Presents game theory in formal way suitable for graduate level.
10288:
Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence
9500:
8921:
7095:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
5449:
Pascal’s and Huygens’s game-theoretic foundations for probability
5409:
Martin, Brian (1978). "The Selective Usefulness of Game Theory".
5166:
Although common knowledge was first discussed by the philosopher
4981:
4868:
mentioned "games theory" and "theory of games". In the 1997 film
4336:. Also, game theory provides a theoretical basis to the field of
4267:
Evolutionary game theory explains this altruism with the idea of
4180:
3679:
3527:
3477:
3461:
3343:
3326:
2637:
2539:
1897:
if players cannot form alliances or if all agreements need to be
1764:
1697:
has what is now known as a Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies.
1524:
1509:
1448:
1420:
1304:
1271:
of strategic interactions. It has applications in many fields of
1066:
10125:"Poker and Game Theory Featured in Hit Film 'Crazy Rich Asians'"
9178:
Shoham, Yoav (August 2008). "Computer science and game theory".
8984:
8797:
6708:
6190:
5073: – Overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence
3534:
and business professors suggest two primary uses (noted above):
2893:
The normal (or strategic form) game is usually represented by a
2228:
1629:. Von Neumann's work in game theory culminated in his 1944 book
14869:
14821:
14590:
14146:
13935:
10577:
Unto others: the evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior
9304:
The Grammar of Society: the Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms
8644:, CIPS in conjunction with TWS Partners, accessed 11 April 2021
8609:"CIPS and TWS Partners promote game theory on the global stage"
8518:
8000:
Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications
7090:
4839:
4594:
4530:
4519:
4320:
Game theory has come to play an increasingly important role in
1505:
886:
39:
11506:
7811:
7114:"Games with Imperfectly Observable Actions in Continuous Time"
6508:(PhD dissertation). Carnegie Mellon University. pp. 3–4.
4287:
to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness
1908:
Cooperative games are often analyzed through the framework of
1496:
In 1713, a letter attributed to Charles Waldegrave, an active
14958:
14554:
13820:
13702:
13682:
12304:
11807:
What is Mathematical Game Theory (#4)-Many person game theory
11670:
9692:
7604:
7387:
6477:
6275:
Lessons in Play: In Introduction to Combinatorial Game Theory
5716:"What Were von Neumann and Morgenstern Trying to Accomplish?"
5107: – Self-interests causing depletion of a shared resource
4917:
4321:
3526:
The payoffs of the game are generally taken to represent the
3311:
2341:
may also have a strong combinatorial character, for instance
2272:
2261:
2073:
2061:
1280:
10652:
Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction
8543:
7426:
Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction
7316:
Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction
5945:
Chang, Kuang-Hua (2015). "Decisions in Engineering Design".
4332:. In addition, computer scientists have used games to model
2271:
Many card games are games of imperfect information, such as
14172:
13977:
11063:
9008:"The theory of games and the evolution of animal conflicts"
8337:
Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications Volume 3
8048:
Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications Volume 3
7146:
Tagiew, Rustam (December 2008). "Multi-Agent Petri-Games".
6925:
6640:
Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications Volume 3
6088:
Perfect information defined at 0:25, with academic sources
3608:
2880:
Normal form or payoff matrix of a 2-player, 2-strategy game
1223:
1179:
10206:
9605:
9145:
4480:. In addition, he first suggested that one can understand
14931:
10948:. A leading textbook at the advanced undergraduate level.
10285:
9260:
5745:
Von Neumann, Morgenstern, and the Creation of Game Theory
3792:
3689:
3626:
Government-sector–private-sector games (games that model
3500:; and across such broad areas as experimental economics,
2906:. Then Player 1 gets a payoff of 4, and Player 2 gets 3.
2636:
available to each player at each decision point, and the
2405:, which make games more tractable in computing practice.
15008:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
9652:"Applications of game theory in deep learning: a survey"
6844:
5476:
Electronic Journal of Probability History and Statistics
4695:
described the game in his 1993 book Prisoner's Dilemma:
34:. For the study of playing games for entertainment, see
11636:
Game Theory. Papers, Lecture Notes and much more stuff.
11635:
10865:
Maschler, Michael; Solan, Eilon; Zamir, Shmuel (2013),
10798:
9114:
8798:"It Takes Two: An Explanation for the Democratic Peace"
8225:
7601:
19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation
7189:
New Challenges in Computational Collective Intelligence
7033:
5096: – Identification, evaluation and control of risks
4468:
used game theory to develop a philosophical account of
1829:
theory". Myerson's contributions include the notion of
11509:"Rationality authority for provable rational behavior"
11370:
Game Theory for Business: A Primer in Strategic Gaming
11337:, "Manipulation of voting schemes: a general result",
11264:
10934:
Strategy: An Introduction to Game Theory (3rd edition)
8691:"What game theory tells us about politics and society"
7590:
Agarwal, N.; Zeephongsekul, P. (11–12 December 2011).
7276:"On economic applications of evolutionary game theory"
5373:
5316:
Neumann, John von; Morgenstern, Oskar (8 April 2007).
3547:
2060:
player benefits only at the equal expense of others).
11473:
11066:
Games and decisions: introduction and critical survey
11049:
Games and decisions: introduction and critical survey
9831:
6762:
6731:
6397:
6269:
6247:
Luck, logic, and white lies: the mathematics of games
5187:
Experimental work in game theory goes by many names,
5004: – Practical application of moral considerations
3388:
2978:
2937:
1763:
In the 1970s, game theory was extensively applied in
1591:, a conjecture that was proved false by von Neumann.
10730:
7589:
5115:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5054:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5045:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
5030:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
4908:... to give yourself the minimum amount of failure".
4834:, the life story of game theorist and mathematician
4179:
Unlike those in economics, the payoffs for games in
4113:
Use of game theory in defence science and technology
1625:, which became a standard method in game theory and
1326:, which became a standard method in game theory and
11666:— Lecture notes on Game Theory and Computer Science
10704:. Suitable for undergraduate and business students.
10621:
10559:
The stag hunt and the evolution of social structure
10313:
8990:
8652:
8650:
8256:"Advancing Beyond Advances in Behavioral Economics"
6364:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 106–118.
5722:. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 113–147.
5462:
3010:
1837:. Hurwicz introduced and formalized the concept of
1558:), which proved that the optimal chess strategy is
1344:of several players. The second edition provided an
11479:
10903:
10399:
9866:
9120:
8713:
8490:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
7974:Plott, Charles R.; Smith, Vernon L., eds. (2008).
7550:(Spring 1989). "The Theory of Business Strategy".
7061:
7012:
6768:
6744:
6714:
6612:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
6519:
6237:
6235:
6196:
6139:Mirman, Leonard J. (1989). "Perfect Information".
6044:Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications
6021:. UCLA Department of Mathematics. pp. 56–57.
5315:
4194:
3447:
3337:The primary use of game theory is to describe and
3204:subset of 2-person games of imperfect information
2999:
2964:
2931:Formally, a characteristic function is a function
2646:of their choosing, to deduce a set of equilibrium
2500:Stochastic outcomes (and relation to other fields)
2352:, which has developed novel representations, e.g.
2348:Games of perfect information have been studied in
1665:In 1950, the first mathematical discussion of the
11546:(June 2014), "Algorithms, games, and evolution",
10595:Game theory: decisions, interaction and evolution
10442:
7777:
7775:
7657:
6483:
5924:. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. p. 11.
4472:. In so doing, he provided the first analysis of
4245:to analyze fighting behavior and territoriality.
3564:
3187:deterministic n-person games, simultaneous moves
3168:deterministic n-person games, simultaneous moves
2451:while the closed-loop strategies are found using
1760:for their contributions to economic game theory.
1371:in 1999, and fifteen game theorists have won the
15205:
11116:(1950), "Equilibrium points in n-person games",
10707:
10061:"Star on hold: Faithful following, meager sales"
9575:"GAMES, game theory and artificial intelligence"
9272:
8767:"How game theory explains 'irrational' behavior"
8695:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8647:
7219:
7034:Leyton-Brown, Kevin; Tennenholtz, Moshe (2005).
6440:
6241:
6176:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 194–195.
6118:. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing. p. 4.
5768:
4121:
3314:. An alternative version of game theory, called
2408:
1870:
1562:. This paved the way for more general theorems.
11722:Websites on game theory and social interactions
11179:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
10971:
10472:(1st Anchor Books ed.). New York: Anchor.
9711:Rapoport, Anatol (1987). "Prisoner's Dilemma".
8924:"Game Theory in Defence Applications: A Review"
8334:
7390:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
6670:
6384:
6273:; Nowakowski, Richard J.; Wolfe, David (2007),
6232:
4603:
3571:Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply
2917:
2135:is used to represent simultaneous games, while
1594:
10731:Gaffal, Margit; Padilla Gálvez, Jesús (2014).
10462:. A modern introduction at the graduate level.
9204:
8452:A Game-Theoretic Approach to Political Economy
7772:
7305:
7303:
6987:
5682:. Vol. 4. Translated by Bargmann, Sonya.
5560:(1913). Hobson, E. W.; Love, A. E. H. (eds.).
4283:to the altruist must be less than the benefit
4248:According to Maynard Smith, in the preface to
2466:function. Therefore, the players maximize the
1639:. The second edition of this book provided an
1291:. Initially, game theory addressed two-person
14188:
13521:
12907:
11833:
11643:"Game Theory and Experimental Economics page"
11390:
11344:
11089:
10977:
9893:
9650:Hazra, Tanmoy; Anjaria, Kushal (March 2022).
9556:"'The Pandemic Is a Prisoner's Dilemma Game'"
9002:
7516:Handbook of Mathematical Economics, v. 1
7313:(2003). "1.1 What Is Game Theory Good For?".
6960:
6637:
6458:
5286:
4949:Joker, the prime antagonist in the 2008 film
4343:Separately, game theory has played a role in
4315:
4016:
3147:subset of n-person games, simultaneous moves
3058:subset of n-person games, simultaneous moves
2279:. Perfect information is often confused with
2229:Perfect information and imperfect information
1731:
1245:
923:
27:Mathematical models of strategic interactions
10999:Libraire des Sciences Politiques et Sociales
10575:Sober, Elliott; Wilson, David Sloan (1998),
9649:
9161:(2008). "Computer science and game theory".
8802:Journal of the European Economic Association
7807:
7805:
7443:
6330:
6228:. Oxford University Press. pp. 271–277.
6213:. Oxford University Press. pp. 271–272.
5778:(4 September 1997). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
5113: – non-zero-sum game thought experiment
4801:Equilibrium for Cournot quantity competition
4751:. An early description is by Nobel laureate
4595:Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
4448:Game theory has been put to several uses in
4354:, which has in the past been referred to as
2097:
1574:
1549:
1532:
12921:
11487:-person games in partition function form",
11463:
11225:
11018:
10634:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
10574:
9448:
8087:. "behavioural economics and game theory."
8013:. Cambridge. Reprinted in Colin F. Camerer
7300:
6893:Alur, Rajeev; Dill, David L. (April 1994).
6362:Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach
5670:
5626:
4579:
4328:. Several logical theories have a basis in
3321:
3249:
2554:" is considered to be partially observable
2473:
1859:
1613:in 1928. Von Neumann's original proof used
1565:In 1938, the Danish mathematical economist
14195:
14181:
13528:
13514:
12914:
12900:
11840:
11826:
11367:
11341:, Vol. 41, No. 4 (1973), pp. 587–601.
11039:
10904:Shoham, Yoav; Leyton-Brown, Kevin (2009),
10727:. Suitable for upper-level undergraduates.
10654:, Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 1–25,
10465:
10052:
9773:
9698:
9579:Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics
9121:Shoham, Yoav; Leyton-Brown, Kevin (2008).
9085:
9083:
8876:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
8737:"Game theory and the Cuban missile crisis"
8656:
8537:
8506:
8487:
7976:Handbook of Experimental Economics Results
7973:
7781:
7624:
7423:Camerer, Colin F. (2003). "Introduction".
6609:
6494:
6492:
6042:(1992). "Games with Perfect Information".
5839:
5603:Game theory applications in network design
4955:presents game theory concepts—notably the
4620:Standard prisoner's dilemma payoff matrix
4366:is a game-theoretic technique for proving
4183:are often interpreted as corresponding to
4085:during the presidency of John F. Kennedy.
4023:
4009:
2619:
2435:Differential games such as the continuous
2005:
1252:
1238:
930:
916:
11847:
11579:
11569:
11418:
11284:(3981), Princeton University Press: 172,
11208:
11198:
11147:
11137:
11004:
10687:Strategies and games: theory and practice
10253:The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
9675:
9590:
9514:
9421:
9363:
9325:
9298:
9226:
9055:
9049:
8967:
8957:
8939:
8795:
8674:
8574:
8250:
7802:
7583:
7258:
7225:
7018:
6997:
6910:
6806:
6791:
6431:
6421:
6406:"Evolutionary Game Theory: A Renaissance"
6353:
6038:
5864:
5517:
5499:
5250:
5248:
2958:
2589:
2377:. A related field of study, drawing from
2068:and most classical board games including
1927:
1391:
11391:Satterthwaite, Mark Allen (April 1975).
10910:, New York: Cambridge University Press,
10755:. Suitable for advanced undergraduates.
10407:(1973), "The logic of animal conflict",
10260:
10094:"Liar Game (manga) – Anime News Network"
10025:
9804:
9713:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
9710:
9630:
9164:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
8796:Levy, Gilat; Razin, Ronny (March 2004).
8512:
8476:International Encyclopedia of Statistics
8116:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
8080:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7754:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7747:
7723:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7689:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7667:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7481:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
7273:
7111:
7088:
6892:
6695:
6540:
5747:, New York: Cambridge University Press,
5710:
5678:. In Tucker, A. W.; Luce, R. D. (eds.).
5010: – Type of resource allocation game
4796:
4551:
3609:Use of game theory in project management
3325:
3223:n-person games of imperfect information
3111:n-person games of imperfect information
3075:2-person games of imperfect information
2711:(fair or unfair). Next in the sequence,
2670:
2315:
2238:
1654:
1598:
1402:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1318:. Von Neumann's original proof used the
11311:
11274:"Theory of games and economic behavior"
11169:
10993:
10759:
10739:
10708:Fernandez, L F.; Bierman, H S. (1998),
10642:
10597:, Undergraduate mathematics, Springer,
10122:
9950:
9553:
9157:
9080:
9056:Alexander, J. McKenzie (19 July 2009).
8575:Wilkinson, Nick (2005). "Game theory".
8174:
8140:
8106:
7713:
7679:
7546:
7422:
7309:
6498:
6489:
6306:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6303:Combinatorial Games: Tic-Tac-Toe Theory
6223:
6208:
5986:
5947:Design Theory and Methods Using CAD/CAE
5742:
5556:
5456:
5254:
4805:
4039:is focused in the overlapping areas of
2965:{\displaystyle v:2^{N}\to \mathbb {R} }
2764:drawn around them. (See example in the
1455:
14:
15206:
11755:Gambit: Software Tools for Game Theory
11694:Bruno Verbeek and Christopher Morris:
11436:
11064:R. Duncan Luce; Howard Raiffa (1989),
10951:
10930:
10880:
10840:
10827:Games, strategies, and decision making
10780:
10710:Game theory with economic applications
10627:
10556:
10538:
10492:Philosophica Essays for A.N. Whitehead
10338:
10249:
10058:
9572:
9394:
9249:
9177:
9089:
8917:
8915:
8913:
8826:
8488:Aumann, R. J.; Hart, S., eds. (1992).
8300:
8045:
7877:
7506:
7470:
7296:from the original on 11 February 2014.
7243:"Networks of Conflict and Cooperation"
7240:
7234:
7186:
7145:
6785:
6671:Fudenberg, Drew; Tirole, Jean (1991).
6633:
6631:
6610:Aumann, R. J.; Hart, S., eds. (1992).
6605:
6603:
6566:
6564:
6536:
6534:
6525:
6403:
6171:
6138:
5408:
5245:
4778:
4713:
4575:
4571:
4205:
3935:Forum (alternative dispute resolution)
2492:In biology, such models can represent
2328:
14176:
13509:
12895:
11821:
11803:What is Mathematical Game Theory (#3)
11799:What is Mathematical Game Theory (#2)
11442:The Dynamics of Rational Deliberation
11347:Strategy in Poker, Business & War
11026:, Blackwell (Yale U.P. in the U.S.),
10684:
10507:
10486:
10379:
10360:
10235:
10104:from the original on 25 November 2022
10006:
9554:Roberts, Siobhan (20 December 2020).
9400:The Dynamics of Rational Deliberation
8731:
8719:
8306:The Theory of Industrial Organization
7937:
7910:
7851:
7333:
7260:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102523
6570:
6359:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5944:
5354:
5319:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
5170:in his dissertation (and later book)
5067: – Doctrine of military strategy
4881:satirizes game theoretic ideas about
4820:
4608:
4578:) and Sober and Wilson (
4555:
4489:
4476:and employed it in analyzing play in
4465:
4461:
4457:
2424:
1767:, largely as a result of the work of
1632:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
1527:and presented a solution that is the
1333:Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
13476:
11734: (archived 11 April 2011) — See
11255:Contributions to the Theory of Games
11112:
10592:
10511:(1960), "Carnap and Logical Truth",
10363:Hobbesian Moral and Political Theory
10158:from the original on 5 November 2022
10149:
10131:from the original on 5 November 2022
9573:Hanley, John T. (14 December 2021).
9473:
8869:
8394:
8367:
8146:"Progress in Behavioral Game Theory"
7518:. 1. Vol. 1. pp. 285–330.
7360:
6812:International Journal of Game Theory
6446:
6378:
6296:
6249:. A K Peters, Ltd. pp. ix–xii.
6113:
6011:
5916:
5897:
5790:from the original on 18 January 2012
5774:
5680:Contributions to the Theory of Games
5676:"On the Theory of Games of Strategy"
5510:Institute of Mathematical Statistics
3650:
2691:. To solve any extensive form game,
1375:as of 2020, including most recently
1322:on continuous mappings into compact
13488:
11689:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
10045:. 29 January 1964. 51 minutes in.
9953:The Journal of Industrial Economics
9631:Parashar, Nilesh (15 August 2022).
9449:Braithwaite, Richard Bevan (1955).
9100:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
9066:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
8910:
8339:. Vol. 3. pp. 1851–1895.
8050:. Vol. 3. pp. 2327–2351.
7367:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
7241:Larson, Jennifer M. (11 May 2021).
6642:. Vol. 3. pp. 1665–1686.
6628:
6600:
6561:
6531:
5854:from the original on 18 April 2016.
5784:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5599:
5489:from the original on 20 August 2008
5122: – Argument in economic theory
3594:20% of participants had undertaken
3548:Application in managerial economics
3521:"solution concepts" or "equilibria"
3490:agent-based computational economics
3456:competing behaviors of interacting
3240:n-person games, simultaneous moves
3130:n-person games, simultaneous moves
2608:, in the engineering literature by
1311:in humans, animals, and computers.
24:
14084:Microfoundations of macroeconomics
13535:
11889:First-player and second-player win
11763:Open Course on Game Theory at Yale
11489:Naval Research Logistics Quarterly
10900:. Suitable for a general audience.
10742:Game theory for applied economists
10616:
10250:Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer (1930).
9786:from the original on 23 April 2023
9755:from the original on 23 April 2023
9488:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000035846.91195.cb
8870:Wood, Peter John (February 2011).
8777:from the original on 23 April 2023
8747:from the original on 24 April 2015
8701:from the original on 23 April 2023
8611:. 27 November 2020. Archived from
8431:Handbook of Mathematical Economics
7941:(2001). "Experimental Economics".
7925:10.1215/00182702-24-Supplement-241
7663:"computer science and game theory"
7247:Annual Review of Political Science
7112:Sannikov, Yuliy (September 2007).
6576:Game Theory and Economic Modelling
6515:from the original on 1 April 2011.
6028:from the original on 30 July 2004.
5989:Game Theory for Applied Economists
5971:
5955:10.1016/b978-0-12-398512-5.00002-5
5336:from the original on 28 March 2023
5297:from the original on 23 April 2023
5071:Outline of artificial intelligence
4518:The synthesis of game theory with
4496:(2006) have developed theories of
4035:The application of game theory to
3389:Prescriptive or normative analysis
2985:
2722:s move, can choose to play either
1986:, the prisoner's dilemma, and the
1833:, and an important graduate text:
1752:as well. In 1994 Nash, Selten and
1611:On the Theory of Games of Strategy
25:
15245:
11596:
11328:
11096:Evolution and the theory of games
10937:, New York: W.W. Norton and Co.,
10385:Convention: A Philosophical Study
10184:from the original on 8 April 2023
9656:Multimedia Tools and Applications
8991:Harper & Maynard Smith (2003)
7283:Journal of Evolutionary Economics
6698:Security Studies: an Introduction
5847:. University of Texas at Dallas.
5821:from the original on 1 April 2014
5260:Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict
4980:of the film, she plays a game of
4900:was founded by singer/songwriter
4736:
4720:Battle of the sexes (game theory)
4250:Evolution and the Theory of Games
4092:A game-theoretic explanation for
3639:Subcontractor–subcontractor games
3288:Evolution and the Theory of Games
3266:in 1838 with his solution of the
2703:"moves" first by choosing either
2660:
1835:Game Theory, Analysis of Conflict
15175:
15174:
14157:
14156:
14145:
13487:
13475:
13464:
13463:
13451:
11996:Coalition-proof Nash equilibrium
11795:What is Mathematical Game Theory
11664:Game Theory and Computer Science
10764:, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf,
10622:Textbooks and general literature
10541:Evolution of the social contract
10494:, Russel and Russel Publishers,
10170:
10150:Bean, Travis (8 February 2019).
10143:
10123:Chaffin, Sean (20 August 2018).
10116:
10086:
10033:
10019:
10000:
9979:
9944:
9932:from the original on 23 May 2021
9914:
9887:
9860:
9825:
9798:
9767:
9737:
9721:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1850-1
9704:
9643:
9624:
9599:
9566:
9547:
9494:
9467:
9442:
9415:
9388:
9357:
9319:
9292:
9266:
9243:
9198:
9171:
9151:
8996:
8896:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05891.x
8872:"Climate change and game theory"
8863:
8820:
8789:
8759:
8725:
8683:
8627:
8601:
8568:
8513:Christen, Markus (1 July 1998).
8481:
8468:
8444:
8423:
8388:
8361:
8328:
8294:
8244:
8228:Advances in Behavioral Economics
8219:
8150:Journal of Economic Perspectives
8019:Advances in Behavioral Economics
7729:from the original on 16 May 2013
7514:; Intriligator, Michael (eds.).
7133:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00795.x
6715:Shoham & Leyton-Brown (2008)
6277:, A K Peters Ltd, pp. 3–4,
6197:Shoham & Leyton-Brown (2008)
5808:
5221:
5085: – Risk management strategy
4378:, especially online algorithms.
4255:One such phenomenon is known as
3011:Alternative game representations
2294:
1589:finite two-person zero-sum games
961:
897:
885:
70:
13372:Computational complexity theory
11604:Introductory Game Theory Videos
10803:; Whinston, Michael D. (1995),
10490:(1967), "Truth by Convention",
10242:An Economic theory of Democracy
8313:and chapter-preview links, pp.
8168:
8134:
8100:
8072:
8039:
8021:, Princeton. 1986–2003 papers.
7992:
7967:
7931:
7904:
7845:
7750:"computing in mechanism design"
7741:
7707:
7673:
7651:
7618:
7540:
7500:
7464:
7437:
7429:. pp. 1–25. Archived from
7416:
7381:
7354:
7327:
7267:
7213:
7180:
7139:
7105:
7082:
7055:
7027:
7006:
6981:
6954:
6919:
6886:
6838:
6800:
6779:
6720:
6689:
6664:
6484:Osborne & Rubinstein (1994)
6452:
6337:Games, Puzzles, and Computation
6324:
6290:
6263:
6217:
6202:
6165:
6132:
6107:
6068:
6046:. Vol. 1. pp. 41–70.
6032:
6005:
5938:
5910:
5891:
5858:
5833:
5802:
5736:
5720:Toward a History of Game Theory
5704:
5664:
5620:
5593:
5550:
5202:
5181:
5160:
4585:
4073:An Economic Theory of Democracy
3448:Use of game theory in economics
3273:Although pre-twentieth-century
3037:
3000:{\displaystyle v(\emptyset )=0}
2379:computational complexity theory
1775:. In addition, the concepts of
1576:Applications aux Jeux de Hasard
1491:On Reasoning in Games of Chance
1415:Game-theoretic strategy within
172:Concepts, theory and techniques
14740:Right of way (property access)
12006:Evolutionarily stable strategy
11678:Graduate Course in Game Theory
11538:Chastain, Erick; Livnat, Adi;
11099:, Cambridge University Press,
10869:, Cambridge University Press,
10785:, Princeton University Press,
10744:, Princeton University Press,
10637:, vol. 2, pp. 460–82
10561:, Cambridge University Press,
10543:, Cambridge University Press,
10365:. Princeton University Press.
10059:Guzman, Rafer (6 March 1996).
9896:Journal of Economic Psychology
9807:Journal of Conflict Resolution
9503:Journal of Biological Dynamics
9306:, Cambridge University Press,
9125:. Cambridge University Press.
9015:Journal of Theoretical Biology
8317:, "General Organization," pp.
8260:Journal of Economic Literature
8230:. Princeton University Press.
7951:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02232-4
7484:(2nd ed.). Archived from
7319:. pp. 5–7. Archived from
6499:McMahan, Hugh Brendan (2006).
6459:Lozovanu, D; Pickl, S (2015).
6226:An Introduction to Game Theory
6211:An Introduction to Game Theory
6082:. 2 March 2017. Archived from
5718:. In Weintraub, E. Roy (ed.).
5493:
5441:
5402:
5376:Quantum Information Processing
5367:
5348:
5322:. Princeton University Press.
5309:
5280:
5215:Journal of Economic Literature
5079: – Paradox in game theory
4452:. Responding to two papers by
4195:Maynard Smith & Price 1973
4190:evolutionarily stable strategy
3900:Alternative dispute resolution
3636:Contractor–subcontractor games
3565:Use of game theory in business
2988:
2982:
2954:
2771:
2683:(as pictured here). Here each
1787:were introduced and analyzed.
1773:evolutionarily stable strategy
1500:and uncle to British diplomat
1411:International relations theory
38:. For the YouTube series, see
13:
1:
11934:Simultaneous action selection
11467:; Lucas, William F. (1963), "
10007:Singh, Simon (14 June 1998).
9774:Athenarium (12 August 2020).
9533:10.1080/17513758.2020.1720322
9273:Ullmann-Margalit, E. (1977),
9090:Okasha, Samir (3 June 2003).
8657:Piraveenan, Mahendra (2019).
8550:The European Financial Review
8478:, v. 2, pp. 372–78.
8439:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
8345:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03012-6
8056:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03025-4
7888:10.1016/S1574-0005(05)80063-3
7862:10.1016/S1574-0005(05)80062-1
7635:10.1016/S1574-0021(05)02016-2
7552:The RAND Journal of Economics
7524:10.1016/S1573-4382(81)01011-4
7365:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
6975:10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00023-4
6648:10.1016/S1574-0005(02)03006-0
6052:10.1016/S1574-0005(05)80006-2
5447:Shafer, G. (2018, December).
5238:
5143:List of emerging technologies
4765:
4400:
4122:Use of game theory in biology
4078:Hotelling firm location model
3642:Games involving other players
2766:imperfect information section
2453:Bellman's Dynamic Programming
2409:Discrete and continuous games
1871:Cooperative / non-cooperative
1615:Brouwer's fixed-point theorem
1571:Brouwer's fixed point theorem
1275:, and is used extensively in
14202:
12866:List of games in game theory
12046:Quantal response equilibrium
12036:Perfect Bayesian equilibrium
11971:Bayes correlated equilibrium
11412:10.1016/0022-0531(75)90050-2
11345:McDonald, John (1950–1996),
10989:, Princeton University Press
10972:Historically important texts
10825:Joseph E. Harrington (2008)
10579:, Harvard University Press,
10466:Poundstone, William (1993).
10300:10.1080/09528130412331294715
10026:Heinlein, Robert A. (1959),
10009:"Between Genius and Madness"
9922:"Cournot (Nash) Equilibrium"
9846:10.1016/j.neures.2014.10.020
9633:"What is Game Theory in AI?"
9402:, Harvard University Press,
9369:Rationality and Coordination
9035:10.1016/0022-5193(74)90110-6
8585:10.1017/CBO9780511810534.015
7913:History of Political Economy
7854:Chapter 30 Voting procedures
7197:10.1007/978-3-642-03958-4_21
6912:10.1016/0304-3975(94)90010-8
6899:Theoretical Computer Science
6895:"A theory of timed automata"
6704:: Routledge. pp. 55–56.
6149:10.1007/978-1-349-20181-5_22
5463:Bellhouse, David R. (2007),
5148:List of games in game theory
4604:Well known examples of games
4387:algorithmic mechanism design
4193:(ESS), first introduced in (
2918:Characteristic function form
2561:
2449:Pontryagin maximum principle
1866:List of games in game theory
1595:Birth and early developments
1330:. His paper was followed by
44:Game theory (disambiguation)
7:
15046:Two Treatises of Government
14029:Civil engineering economics
14014:Statistical decision theory
13654:Income elasticity of demand
12335:Optional prisoner's dilemma
12066:Self-confirming equilibrium
11788:Stochastic Two-Player Games
11629:History of Game Theory Page
11616:Encyclopedia of Mathematics
11261:Princeton University Press.
10740:Gibbons, Robert D. (1992),
10325:, Oxford University Press,
9869:Games and Economic Behavior
9279:, Oxford University Press,
8370:Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv
7784:Games and Economic Behavior
7361:Ross, Don (10 March 2006).
6584:10.1093/0198283814.001.0001
6578:. Oxford University Press.
6334:; Demaine, Erik D. (2009),
6209:Osborne, Martin J. (2000).
5840:Chandrasekaran, Ramaswamy.
5600:Kim, Sungwook, ed. (2014).
5465:"The Problem of Waldegrave"
5120:Wilson doctrine (economics)
5100:Self-confirming equilibrium
5028: – term in game theory
5016: – Game theory paradox
4995:
3633:Contractor–contractor games
3628:public–private partnerships
3350:akin to the models used by
1914:non-cooperative game theory
1641:axiomatic theory of utility
1487:De ratiociniis in ludo aleæ
1320:Brouwer fixed-point theorem
10:
15250:
13664:Price elasticity of supply
13659:Price elasticity of demand
13649:Cross elasticity of demand
13422:Films about mathematicians
12800:Principal variation search
12516:Aumann's agreement theorem
12179:Strategy-stealing argument
12091:Trembling hand equilibrium
12021:Markov perfect equilibrium
12016:Mertens-stable equilibrium
11400:Journal of Economic Theory
11364:. A layman's introduction.
10987:Values of Non-Atomic Games
10361:Kavka, Gregory S. (1986).
10200:
9908:10.1016/j.joep.2011.05.007
9819:10.1177/002200276100500205
9668:10.1007/s11042-022-12153-2
9373:Cambridge University Press
9058:"Evolutionary Game Theory"
8829:International Organization
8814:10.1162/154247604323015463
7821:Cambridge University Press
7625:Tesfatsion, Leigh (2006).
6696:Williams, Paul D. (2013).
6224:Osborne, Martin J (2020).
6116:Game Theory: Third Edition
5922:Game Theory: Third Edition
5688:Princeton University Press
5423:10.1177/030631277800800103
5065:Mutual assured destruction
5041:Intra-household bargaining
4809:
4782:
4740:
4717:
4612:
4316:Computer science and logic
4172:
3967:Peace and conflict studies
3874:Mutual assured destruction
3014:
2921:
2886:
2664:
2593:
2477:
2428:
2399:artificial neural networks
2366:sometimes non-constructive
2320:Example of a Bayesian game
2298:
2232:
2101:
2052:
1974:
1874:
1863:
1746:subgame perfect equilibria
1732:Prize-winning achievements
1504:, analyzed a game called "
1408:
1401:
1395:
1386:
29:
15170:
14967:
14769:
14649:
14542:
14535:
14384:
14341:
14286:
14210:
14140:
14107:
13986:
13543:
13445:
13395:
13352:
13262:
13224:
13191:
13143:
13115:
13062:
13009:
12991:Philosophy of mathematics
12966:
12931:
12836:Combinatorial game theory
12823:
12782:
12564:
12508:
12495:Princess and monster game
12290:
12192:
12099:
12051:Quasi-perfect equilibrium
11976:Bayesian Nash equilibrium
11957:
11856:
11745:15 September 2019 at the
11368:Papayoanou, Paul (2010),
10952:McCain, Roger A. (2010).
10881:Miller, James H. (2003),
10877:. Undergraduate textbook.
10685:Dutta, Prajit K. (1999),
10610:Markov decision processes
9592:10.1108/JDAL-10-2021-0011
9436:10.1017/S0266267100004132
9228:10.1007/s10994-007-0770-1
9180:Communications of the ACM
8841:10.1017/s0020818300033324
8433:, v. 1, pp. 285–330
7852:Brams, Steven J. (1994).
7748:Sandholm, Tuomas (2008).
7348:10.1007/s11245-005-5055-3
7274:Friedman, Daniel (1998).
6675:. MIT Press. p. 67.
6404:Newton, Jonathan (2018).
5842:"Cooperative Game Theory"
5606:. IGI Global. p. 3.
5411:Social Studies of Science
5396:10.1007/s11128-018-2082-8
5126:Compositional game theory
5020:Collective intentionality
4838:was turned into the 2001
4439:
4241:Biologists have used the
4221:other communication games
4160:
4057:positive political theory
3427:
2878:
2730:(accept or reject). Once
2526:Markov decision processes
2350:combinatorial game theory
2098:Simultaneous / sequential
2044:
1990:are all symmetric games.
1966:
1781:trembling hand perfection
1758:Economics Nobel Laureates
1750:trembling hand perfection
1685:. Around this same time,
1508:". Waldegrave provided a
1480:developed the concept of
32:Combinatorial game theory
15098:The Great Transformation
14456:Labor theory of property
13720:Income–consumption curve
13427:Recreational mathematics
12851:Evolutionary game theory
12584:Antoine Augustin Cournot
12470:Guess 2/3 of the average
12267:Strictly determined game
12061:Satisfaction equilibrium
11879:Escalation of commitment
11709:Game Theory and Politics
11446:Harvard University Press
10781:Gintis, Herbert (2000),
10760:Gibbons, Robert (2001),
10098:www.animenewsnetwork.com
9989:, Simon & Schuster.
9424:Economics and Philosophy
8112:"behavioral game theory"
7880:Chapter 31 Social choice
7402:10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03835
7089:Clempner, Julio (2006).
7076:10.1609/aimag.v26i2.1813
6172:Mirman, Leonard (1989).
6114:Owen, Guillermo (1995).
5987:Gibbons, Robert (1992).
5753:10.1017/CBO9780511778278
5743:Leonard, Robert (2010),
5290:Game Theory in Economics
5264:Harvard University Press
5153:
5138:List of cognitive biases
4856:military science fiction
4372:computational complexity
4334:interactive computations
4175:Evolutionary game theory
4107:greenhouse gas emissions
4105:other nations to reduce
3962:Non-aggression principle
3920:Conflict style inventory
3724:Nonviolent Communication
3496:, mechanism design, and
3470:mergers and acquisitions
3360:guess 2/3 of the average
3322:Description and modeling
3300:economics and philosophy
3264:Antoine Augustin Cournot
3250:General and applied uses
2902:and that Player 2 plays
2760:gets a payoff of "two".
2612:, and by mathematicians
2480:Evolutionary game theory
2474:Evolutionary game theory
2468:mathematical expectation
2464:probability distribution
2437:pursuit and evasion game
1860:Different types of games
1808:evolutionary game theory
1798:In 2005, game theorists
1521:Antoine Augustin Cournot
1373:Nobel Prize in economics
1369:evolutionary game theory
1336:(1944), co-written with
160:JEL classification codes
15219:Artificial intelligence
14667:Forest-dwelling (India)
14629:restraint on alienation
14409:Common good (economics)
14054:Industrial organization
13312:Mathematical statistics
13302:Mathematical psychology
13272:Engineering mathematics
13206:Algebraic number theory
12856:Glossary of game theory
12455:Stackelberg competition
12081:Strong Nash equilibrium
11714:20 October 2006 at the
11571:10.1073/pnas.1406556111
11540:Papadimitriou, Christos
11521:10.1145/1993806.1993858
11419:Siegfried, Tom (2006),
11200:10.1073/pnas.39.10.1095
10809:Oxford University Press
10762:A Primer in Game Theory
10758:Published in Europe as
10631:(1987), "game theory",
10593:Webb, James N. (2007),
10449:A course in game theory
10270:Oxford University Press
9192:10.1145/1378704.1378721
9146:Ben-David et al. (1994)
8028:18 January 2012 at the
7919:(Supplement): 241–282.
7817:Algorithmic Game Theory
7458:10.1287/mnsc.29.12.1365
6963:Artificial Intelligence
6928:Proceedings of the IEEE
6547:(4th ed.). Wiley.
6541:Rasmusen, Eric (2007).
5786:. Stanford University.
5197:behavioural game theory
5083:Precautionary principle
5035:Glossary of game theory
4383:Algorithmic game theory
4356:games with moving costs
3809:International relations
3739:Speaking truth to power
3530:of individual players.
3510:industrial organization
2924:Cooperative game theory
2715:, who has now observed
2620:Representation of games
2616:and Jean-Michel Lasry.
2520:(with uncertainty) and
2514:artificial intelligence
2390:artificial intelligence
2006:Zero-sum / non-zero-sum
1910:cooperative game theory
1877:Cooperative game theory
1839:incentive compatibility
1470:Book on Games of Chance
1419:dates back at least to
1367:for his application of
346:Industrial organization
203:Computational economics
15229:Mathematical economics
15106:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
14880:Primitive accumulation
14735:Right of way (transit)
14520:Tragedy of the commons
14402:fictitious commodities
13458:Mathematics portal
13307:Mathematical sociology
13287:Mathematical economics
13282:Mathematical chemistry
13211:Analytic number theory
13092:Differential equations
12881:Tragedy of the commons
12861:List of game theorists
12841:Confrontation analysis
12551:Sprague–Grundy theorem
12071:Sequential equilibrium
11991:Correlated equilibrium
11696:Game Theory and Ethics
11501:10.1002/nav.3800100126
11481:
11423:, Joseph Henry Press,
10557:Skyrms, Brian (2004),
10539:Skyrms, Brian (1996),
10339:Howard, Nigel (1971),
9881:10.1006/game.1995.1027
9276:The Emergence of Norms
8450:Martin Shubik (1987).
8180:Behavioral Game Theory
7945:. pp. 5100–5108.
7878:Moulin, Hervé (1994).
7796:10.1006/game.1999.0790
7719:"revelation principle"
6770:
6746:
6360:Jones, M. Tim (2008).
5811:"Non-Cooperative Game"
5229:game theory and ethics
5189:experimental economics
5105:Tragedy of the commons
5008:Bandwidth-sharing game
4802:
4397:with economic theory.
4389:combine computational
3429:The prisoner's dilemma
3334:
3304:philosophy of language
3001:
2966:
2676:
2675:An extensive form game
2596:Mean field game theory
2590:Mean field game theory
2584:confrontation analysis
2441:differential equations
2403:reinforcement learning
2321:
2285:incomplete information
2248:
1928:Symmetric / asymmetric
1777:correlated equilibrium
1662:
1627:mathematical economics
1606:
1575:
1550:
1533:
1453:
1392:Game-theoretic thought
1328:mathematical economics
198:Experimental economics
42:. For other uses, see
15159:The Wealth of Nations
15139:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
15131:The Ethics of Liberty
14024:Engineering economics
13619:Cost–benefit analysis
13437:Mathematics education
13367:Theory of computation
13087:Hypercomplex analysis
12654:Jean-François Mertens
11768:3 August 2010 at the
11685:Review Of Game Theory
11602:James Miller (2015):
11482:
11229:Mathematische Annalen
11011:Mathematical Psychics
11006:Edgeworth, Francis Y.
10931:Watson, Joel (2013),
9985:Nasar, Sylvia (1998)
9834:Neuroscience Research
9102:. Stanford University
9092:"Biological Altruism"
9068:. Stanford University
8640:11 April 2021 at the
8201:26 March 2023 at the
8094:7 August 2017 at the
7369:. Stanford University
7156:10.1109/CIMCA.2008.15
6862:10.1145/195058.195451
6771:
6747:
6745:{\displaystyle 2^{N}}
6544:Games and Information
5865:Brandenburger, Adam.
5684:Princeton, New Jersey
5633:Mathematische Annalen
5218:classification codes.
5178:'s work in the 1970s.
5089:Quantum refereed game
4800:
4376:randomized algorithms
4347:; in particular, the
3884:Nuclear proliferation
3506:information economics
3329:
3308:philosophy of science
3002:
2967:
2674:
2339:imperfect information
2337:. Games that involve
2319:
2242:
1793:non-cooperative games
1658:
1643:, which reincarnated
1602:
1435:
1207:Business Model Canvas
1184:Managerial grid model
1121:Competitive advantage
15022:Progress and Poverty
14356:Common-pool resource
13841:Price discrimination
13735:Intertemporal choice
13417:Informal mathematics
13297:Mathematical physics
13292:Mathematical finance
13277:Mathematical biology
13216:Diophantine geometry
12783:Search optimizations
12659:Jennifer Tour Chayes
12546:Revelation principle
12541:Purification theorem
12480:Nash bargaining game
12445:Bertrand competition
12430:El Farol Bar problem
12395:Electronic mail game
12360:Lewis signaling game
11904:Hierarchy of beliefs
11773:videos of the course
11728:Conflict Forecasting
11515:. pp. 289–290.
11471:
11139:10.1073/pnas.36.1.48
11014:, London: Kegan Paul
10995:Cournot, A. Augustin
10956:. World Scientific.
10805:Microeconomic theory
10443:Osborne, Martin J.;
9453:. University Press.
8579:. pp. 331–381.
8577:Managerial Economics
8462:29 June 2011 at the
8397:The Economic Journal
8272:10.1257/jel.44.3.694
8162:10.1257/jep.11.4.167
8009:1 April 2012 at the
7150:. pp. 130–135.
6856:. pp. 750–759.
6808:Rosenthal, Robert W.
6760:
6729:
6340:, A K Peters, Ltd.,
6143:. pp. 194–198.
5780:"Prisoner's Dilemma"
5193:behavioral economics
4812:Bertrand competition
4806:Bertrand Competition
4749:economic experiments
4708:sure-thing principle
4568:Nash bargaining game
4548:political philosophy
4360:request-answer games
4213:animal communication
4083:Cuban Missile Crisis
4061:social choice theory
3950:Paradox of tolerance
3554:Managerial Economics
3502:behavioral economics
3316:chemical game theory
2976:
2935:
2281:complete information
1881:Non-cooperative game
1695:non-cooperative game
1456:Mathematical origins
1297:behavioral relations
1216:Strategic Grid Model
1156:Frameworks and tools
1031:Rita Gunther McGrath
982:Strategic management
425:Social choice theory
15145:The Social Contract
14833:population transfer
14750:prior-appropriation
14429:homestead principle
14152:Business portal
14089:Operations research
13916:Substitution effect
13432:Mathematics and art
13342:Operations research
13097:Functional analysis
12831:Bounded rationality
12450:Cournot competition
12400:Rock paper scissors
12375:Battle of the sexes
12365:Volunteer's dilemma
12237:Perfect information
12164:Dominant strategies
12001:Epsilon-equilibrium
11884:Extensive-form game
11707:Marek M. Kaminski:
11562:2014PNAS..11110620C
11556:(29): 10620–10623,
11290:1946Natur.157..172R
11191:1953PNAS...39.1095S
11130:1950PNAS...36...48N
11091:Maynard Smith, John
11062:reprinted edition:
10421:1973Natur.246...15S
10401:Maynard Smith, John
10319:Maynard Smith, John
10266:Morals by agreement
9525:2020JBioD..14...57C
9365:Bicchieri, Cristina
9327:Bicchieri, Cristina
9300:Bicchieri, Cristina
9207:Littman, Michael L.
9027:1974JThBi..47..209M
9004:Maynard Smith, John
8950:2022Senso..22.1032H
8888:2011NYASA1219..153W
8697:. 4 December 2018.
8676:10.3390/math7090858
8615:on 27 November 2020
8212:4 July 2013 at the
8190:14 May 2011 at the
8122:on 23 November 2011
8036:, Princeton, ch. 12
7760:on 23 November 2011
7695:on 23 November 2011
7396:(41): 13593–13607.
6700:(second ed.).
6174:Perfect Information
6086:on 28 October 2021.
6080:PBS Infinite Series
6013:Ferguson, Thomas S.
5949:. pp. 39–101.
5898:Shor, Mike (2006).
5640:] (in German).
5638:Mathematical Annals
5528:2015arXiv150401950B
5502:Statistical Science
5388:2018QuIP...17..309K
4970:New York University
4785:Cournot competition
4779:Cournot Competition
4714:Battle of the sexes
4621:
4550:(for examples, see
4338:multi-agent systems
4257:biological altruism
4235:Butterfly Economics
4070:. In his 1957 book
3879:Nuclear disarmament
3778:Conflict escalation
3755:Conflict management
3659:Conflict resolution
3596:on-the-job training
3494:general equilibrium
3375:bounded rationality
3256:applied mathematics
3231:Action graph games
3138:Local effect games
2667:Extensive form game
2606:Robert W. Rosenthal
2510:operations research
2419:Cournot competition
2368:) proof methods to
2329:Combinatorial games
2235:Perfect information
2209:Extensive-form game
2181:of opponent's move?
2163:Normally denoted by
2125:perfect information
1706:extensive form game
1635:, co-authored with
1579:and earlier notes,
1573:. In his 1938 book
1560:strictly determined
1531:of the game in his
1466:Liber de ludo aleae
1340:, which considered
1269:mathematical models
1193:Growth–share matrix
1137: •
1130:Performance effects
1128: •
1119: •
1092: •
1083: •
1076:Alfred Thayer Mahan
1074: •
1065: •
1063:Carl von Clausewitz
1056: •
1047: •
1038: •
1029: •
1007: •
998: •
989: •
980: •
892:Business portal
213:Operations research
193:National accounting
15125:Murray N. Rothbard
14436:Free-rider problem
13730:Indifference curve
13698:Goods and services
13639:Economies of scope
13634:Economies of scale
13377:Numerical analysis
12986:Mathematical logic
12981:Information theory
12810:Paranoid algorithm
12790:Alpha–beta pruning
12669:John Maynard Smith
12500:Rendezvous problem
12340:Traveler's dilemma
12330:Gift-exchange game
12325:Prisoner's dilemma
12242:Large Poisson game
12209:Bargaining problem
12114:Backward induction
12086:Subgame perfection
12041:Proper equilibrium
11611:"Games, theory of"
11477:
11270:Morgenstern, Oskar
11242:10.1007/bf01448847
11175:"Stochastic Games"
11070:Dover Publications
11020:Farquharson, Robin
10850:Dover Publications
10801:Mas-Colell, Andreu
10525:10.1007/BF00485423
10469:Prisoner's Dilemma
10256:. Clarendon Press.
10245:, New York: Harper
10221:10.1007/BF01294260
10073:on 6 November 2013
10013:The New York Times
9749:www.britannica.com
9701:, pp. 8, 117.
9560:The New York Times
9343:10.1007/BF00184816
9261:Grim et al. (2004)
9159:Halpern, Joseph Y.
8735:(1 January 2001).
7685:"mechanism design"
7446:Management Science
7037:Local-Effect Games
6824:10.1007/BF01737559
6766:
6742:
6463:. Springer, Cham.
6271:Albert, Michael H.
5690:. pp. 13–42.
5650:10.1007/BF01448847
5111:Traveler's dilemma
5077:Parrondo's paradox
5050:Kingmaker scenario
5026:Core (game theory)
5014:Chainstore paradox
4957:prisoner's dilemma
4916:, a 2005 Japanese
4866:Robert A. Heinlein
4821:In popular culture
4803:
4693:William Poundstone
4619:
4615:Prisoner's dilemma
4609:Prisoner's dilemma
4539:prisoner's dilemma
4522:was championed by
4478:coordination games
4215:. The analysis of
3997:Track II diplomacy
3945:Prisoner's dilemma
3915:Conflict continuum
3910:Conflict avoidance
3695:Dispute resolution
3335:
3298:such behavior. In
3237:graphs, functions
3127:graphs, functions
2997:
2962:
2693:backward induction
2677:
2614:Pierre-Louis Lions
2522:multi-agent system
2425:Differential games
2395:alpha–beta pruning
2322:
2249:
2142:subgame perfection
2113:Simultaneous games
2088:constant-sum games
1997:and similarly the
1968:An asymmetric game
1831:proper equilibrium
1769:John Maynard Smith
1667:prisoner's dilemma
1663:
1645:Daniel Bernoulli's
1607:
1517:Waldegrave problem
1361:John Maynard Smith
1222: •
1218: •
1209: •
1200: •
1191: •
1182: •
1173: •
1171:Balanced scorecard
1164: •
1139:Generic strategies
1000:Strategic thinking
996:Strategic planning
223:Industrial complex
218:Middle income trap
15201:
15200:
15112:What Is Property?
14905:human trafficking
14890:Regulatory taking
14765:
14764:
14510:Right to property
14170:
14169:
14132:Political economy
13931:Supply and demand
13811:Pareto efficiency
13503:
13502:
13102:Harmonic analysis
12889:
12888:
12795:Aspiration window
12764:Suzanne Scotchmer
12719:Oskar Morgenstern
12614:Donald B. Gillies
12556:Zermelo's theorem
12485:Induction puzzles
12440:Fair cake-cutting
12415:Public goods game
12345:Coordination game
12219:Intransitive game
12149:Forward induction
12031:Pareto efficiency
12011:Gibbs equilibrium
11981:Berge equilibrium
11929:Simultaneous game
11649:on 15 August 2000
11530:978-1-4503-0719-2
11480:{\displaystyle n}
11465:Thrall, Robert M.
11455:978-0-674-21885-7
11430:978-0-309-10192-9
11383:978-0-9647938-7-3
11360:978-0-393-31457-1
11266:von Neumann, John
11185:(10): 1095–1100.
11106:978-0-521-28884-2
11079:978-0-486-65943-5
11033:978-0-631-12460-3
10963:978-981-4289-65-8
10944:978-0-393-91838-0
10917:978-0-521-89943-7
10896:978-0-07-140020-6
10875:978-1-108-49345-1
10859:978-0-486-40682-4
10818:978-0-19-507340-9
10799:Green, Jerry R.;
10792:978-0-691-00943-8
10771:978-0-7450-1159-2
10751:978-0-691-00395-5
10723:978-0-201-84758-1
10700:978-0-262-04169-0
10661:978-0-691-09039-9
10604:978-1-84628-423-6
10586:978-0-674-93047-6
10568:978-0-521-53392-8
10550:978-0-521-55583-8
10501:978-0-8462-0970-6
10458:978-0-262-65040-3
10445:Rubinstein, Ariel
10394:978-0-631-23257-5
10372:978-0-691-02765-4
10354:978-0-262-58237-7
10347:: The MIT Press,
10332:978-0-19-852685-8
10279:978-0-19-824992-4
10127:. PokerNews.com.
10028:Starship Troopers
9928:. 18 April 2013.
9730:978-1-349-95121-5
9617:978-0-262-04937-5
9460:978-0-521-11351-9
9409:978-0-674-21885-7
9382:978-0-521-57444-0
9313:978-0-521-57372-6
9286:978-0-19-824411-0
9132:978-1-139-47524-2
8959:10.3390/s22031032
8594:978-0-521-81993-0
8499:978-0-444-89427-4
8354:978-0-444-89428-1
8237:978-1-4008-2911-8
8176:Camerer, Colin F.
8142:Camerer, Colin F.
8108:Camerer, Colin F.
8065:978-0-444-89428-1
7985:978-0-08-088796-8
7960:978-0-08-043076-8
7897:978-0-444-89427-4
7871:978-0-444-89427-4
7715:Myerson, Roger B.
7681:Myerson, Roger B.
7659:Joseph Y. Halpern
7644:978-0-444-51253-6
7533:978-0-444-86126-9
7472:Aumann, Robert J.
7452:(12): 1365–1379.
7311:Camerer, Colin F.
7206:978-3-642-03957-7
7165:978-0-7695-3514-2
6769:{\displaystyle N}
6682:978-0-262-06141-4
6657:978-0-444-89428-1
6621:978-0-444-89427-4
6593:978-0-19-828381-2
6554:978-1-4051-3666-2
6470:978-3-319-11832-1
6387:Litovsk. Mat. Sb.
6371:978-0-7637-7337-3
6347:978-1-56881-322-6
6317:978-0-521-46100-9
6284:978-1-56881-277-9
6256:978-1-56881-210-6
6183:978-1-349-20181-5
6158:978-0-333-49537-7
6125:978-0-12-531151-9
6061:978-0-4448-8098-7
5964:978-0-12-398512-5
5931:978-0-12-531151-9
5879:on 29 August 2017
5762:978-0-521-56266-9
5729:978-0-8223-1253-6
5672:von Neumann, John
5628:von Neumann, John
5613:978-1-4666-6051-9
5536:10.1214/14-STS469
5329:978-0-691-13061-3
5256:Myerson, Roger B.
5059:Law and economics
4987:In the 2017 film
4965:Crazy Rich Asians
4962:In the 2018 film
4883:deterrence theory
4861:Starship Troopers
4704:dominant strategy
4690:
4689:
4524:R. B. Braithwaite
4446:
4445:
4345:online algorithms
4279:, where the cost
4277:c < b × r
4171:
4170:
4076:, he applies the
4045:political economy
4037:political science
4033:
4032:
3905:Anti-war movement
3869:Nuclear blackmail
3773:Communal violence
3651:Political science
3514:political economy
3434:
3433:
3379:natural selection
3247:
3246:
3195:Continuous games
2885:
2884:
2628:of the game, the
2579:metagame analysis
2545:Black swan theory
2431:Differential game
2226:
2225:
2104:Simultaneous game
2051:
2050:
1973:
1972:
1726:political science
1677:, as part of the
1637:Oskar Morgenstern
1425:military strategy
1404:Military strategy
1342:cooperative games
1338:Oskar Morgenstern
1262:
1261:
1144:Mission statement
991:Strategic studies
987:Military strategy
940:
939:
16:(Redirected from
15241:
15234:John von Neumann
15178:
15177:
15082:John Stuart Mill
15002:Friedrich Engels
14983:Frédéric Bastiat
14976:
14828:Forced migration
14796:Collectivization
14540:
14539:
14419:First possession
14392:Bundle of rights
14197:
14190:
14183:
14174:
14173:
14160:
14159:
14150:
14149:
13892:Returns to scale
13750:Market structure
13530:
13523:
13516:
13507:
13506:
13491:
13490:
13479:
13478:
13467:
13466:
13456:
13455:
13387:Computer algebra
13362:Computer science
13082:Complex analysis
12916:
12909:
12902:
12893:
12892:
12876:Topological game
12871:No-win situation
12769:Thomas Schelling
12749:Robert B. Wilson
12709:Merrill M. Flood
12679:John von Neumann
12589:Ariel Rubinstein
12574:Albert W. Tucker
12425:War of attrition
12385:Matching pennies
12026:Nash equilibrium
11949:Mechanism design
11914:Normal-form game
11869:Cooperative game
11842:
11835:
11828:
11819:
11818:
11786:Antonin Kucera:
11761:Benjamin Polak:
11700:Elmer G. Wiens:
11680:(lecture notes).
11658:
11656:
11654:
11645:. Archived from
11624:
11592:
11583:
11573:
11534:
11503:
11486:
11484:
11483:
11478:
11458:
11433:
11421:A Beautiful Math
11415:
11397:
11386:
11363:
11324:
11308:
11298:10.1038/157172a0
11257:, v. 4, p.
11252:
11222:
11212:
11202:
11173:(October 1953).
11160:
11151:
11141:
11109:
11082:
11055:
11036:
11024:Theory of Voting
11015:
11001:
10990:
10967:
10947:
10927:
10926:
10924:
10899:
10862:
10821:
10795:
10774:
10754:
10736:
10726:
10703:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10664:, archived from
10638:
10629:Aumann, Robert J
10607:
10589:
10571:
10553:
10535:
10504:
10483:
10461:
10439:
10429:10.1038/246015a0
10405:Price, George R.
10387:
10376:
10357:
10335:
10310:
10282:
10257:
10246:
10232:
10194:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10174:
10168:
10167:
10165:
10163:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10109:
10090:
10084:
10082:
10080:
10078:
10069:. Archived from
10056:
10050:
10049:
10037:
10031:
10030:
10023:
10017:
10016:
10004:
9998:
9987:A Beautiful Mind
9983:
9977:
9976:
9948:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9937:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9891:
9885:
9884:
9864:
9858:
9857:
9829:
9823:
9822:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9771:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9760:
9741:
9735:
9734:
9715:. pp. 1–5.
9708:
9702:
9696:
9690:
9689:
9679:
9662:(6): 8963–8994.
9647:
9641:
9640:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9603:
9597:
9596:
9594:
9570:
9564:
9563:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9518:
9498:
9492:
9491:
9471:
9465:
9464:
9446:
9440:
9439:
9419:
9413:
9412:
9392:
9386:
9385:
9361:
9355:
9354:
9323:
9317:
9316:
9296:
9290:
9289:
9270:
9264:
9258:
9252:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9230:
9215:Machine Learning
9202:
9196:
9195:
9175:
9169:
9168:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9136:
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9096:Zalta, Edward N.
9087:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9062:Zalta, Edward N.
9053:
9047:
9046:
9012:
9000:
8994:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8971:
8961:
8943:
8919:
8908:
8907:
8867:
8861:
8860:
8824:
8818:
8817:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8752:
8733:Brams, Steven J.
8729:
8723:
8717:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8706:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8654:
8645:
8631:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8620:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8552:. Archived from
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8521:. Archived from
8510:
8504:
8503:
8485:
8479:
8472:
8466:
8448:
8442:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8403:(365): 200–202.
8392:
8386:
8385:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8332:
8326:
8309:
8298:
8292:
8291:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8223:
8217:
8183:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8118:. Archived from
8104:
8098:
8083:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8043:
8037:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7939:Smith, Vernon L.
7935:
7929:
7928:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7875:
7849:
7843:
7842:
7809:
7800:
7799:
7790:(1–2): 166–196.
7779:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7756:. Archived from
7745:
7739:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7691:. Archived from
7677:
7671:
7670:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7598:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7280:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7217:
7211:
7210:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7127:(5): 1285–1329.
7118:
7109:
7103:
7102:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7042:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6969:(1–2): 167–215.
6958:
6952:
6951:
6940:10.1109/5.871303
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6724:
6718:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6635:
6626:
6625:
6607:
6598:
6597:
6568:
6559:
6558:
6538:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6507:
6496:
6487:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6425:
6423:10.3390/g9020031
6401:
6395:
6394:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6332:Hearn, Robert A.
6328:
6322:
6321:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6243:Jörg Bewersdorff
6239:
6230:
6229:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6206:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6111:
6105:
6087:
6076:"Infinite Chess"
6072:
6066:
6065:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6020:
6009:
6003:
6002:
5984:
5969:
5968:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5900:"Symmetric Game"
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5878:
5872:. Archived from
5871:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5846:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5712:Mirowski, Philip
5708:
5702:
5701:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5580:
5573:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5521:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5469:
5460:
5454:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5252:
5232:
5225:
5219:
5206:
5200:
5185:
5179:
5164:
5116:
5055:
5046:
5031:
4907:
4870:of the same name
4844:A Beautiful Mind
4622:
4618:
4474:common knowledge
4454:W.V.O. Quine
4405:
4393:and analysis of
4391:algorithm design
4326:computer science
4310:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4278:
4225:mobbing behavior
4126:
4094:democratic peace
4025:
4018:
4011:
3655:
3654:
3558:pricing strategy
3393:
3176:Game Petri-nets
3066:Sequential form
3025:
3024:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2889:Normal-form game
2874:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2836:
2830:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2798:
2788:
2776:
2721:
2644:solution concept
2572:mechanism design
2540:minimax solution
2415:Continuous games
2150:
2149:
2121:Sequential games
2092:gains from trade
2066:matching pennies
2010:
1932:
1903:credible threats
1850:Lloyd S. Shapley
1827:mechanism design
1800:Thomas Schelling
1785:common knowledge
1742:solution concept
1691:Nash equilibrium
1683:nuclear strategy
1679:RAND Corporation
1671:Merrill M. Flood
1650:cooperative game
1604:John von Neumann
1578:
1567:Frederik Zeuthen
1553:
1536:
1529:Nash equilibrium
1502:James Waldegrave
1451:
1417:recorded history
1381:Robert B. Wilson
1363:was awarded the
1350:expected utility
1346:axiomatic theory
1316:John von Neumann
1289:computer science
1267:is the study of
1254:
1247:
1240:
1085:Adrian Slywotzky
972:Analysis methods
965:
942:
941:
932:
925:
918:
904:Money portal
902:
901:
900:
890:
889:
386:Natural resource
178:Economic systems
74:
51:
50:
21:
15249:
15248:
15244:
15243:
15242:
15240:
15239:
15238:
15224:Formal sciences
15204:
15203:
15202:
15197:
15166:
14970:
14969:
14963:
14913:husband-selling
14850:Illegal logging
14845:Illegal fishing
14774:
14761:
14672:Freedom to roam
14645:
14558:(agrarian land)
14531:
14488:Property rights
14380:
14337:
14299:Estate (landed)
14282:
14206:
14201:
14171:
14166:
14144:
14136:
14103:
13982:
13624:Deadweight loss
13561:Consumer choice
13539:
13534:
13504:
13499:
13450:
13441:
13391:
13348:
13327:Systems science
13258:
13254:Homotopy theory
13220:
13187:
13139:
13111:
13058:
13005:
12976:Category theory
12962:
12927:
12920:
12890:
12885:
12819:
12805:max^n algorithm
12778:
12774:William Vickrey
12734:Reinhard Selten
12689:Kenneth Binmore
12604:David K. Levine
12599:Daniel Kahneman
12566:
12560:
12536:Negamax theorem
12526:Minimax theorem
12504:
12465:Diner's dilemma
12320:All-pay auction
12286:
12272:Stochastic game
12224:Mean-field game
12195:
12188:
12159:Markov strategy
12095:
11961:
11953:
11924:Sequential game
11909:Information set
11894:Game complexity
11864:Congestion game
11852:
11846:
11770:Wayback Machine
11747:Wayback Machine
11732:Wayback Machine
11726:Kesten Green's
11716:Wayback Machine
11652:
11650:
11641:
11609:
11599:
11544:Vazirani, Umesh
11531:
11472:
11469:
11468:
11456:
11431:
11395:
11384:
11361:
11331:
11107:
11080:
11041:Luce, R. Duncan
11034:
10974:
10964:
10945:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10897:
10860:
10819:
10793:
10772:
10752:
10724:
10701:
10671:
10669:
10662:
10624:
10619:
10617:Further reading
10605:
10587:
10569:
10551:
10502:
10480:
10459:
10415:(5427): 15–18,
10373:
10355:
10333:
10280:
10262:Gauthier, David
10203:
10198:
10197:
10187:
10185:
10176:
10175:
10171:
10161:
10159:
10148:
10144:
10134:
10132:
10121:
10117:
10107:
10105:
10092:
10091:
10087:
10076:
10074:
10057:
10053:
10039:
10038:
10034:
10024:
10020:
10005:
10001:
9984:
9980:
9965:10.2307/2950422
9949:
9945:
9935:
9933:
9920:
9919:
9915:
9892:
9888:
9865:
9861:
9830:
9826:
9803:
9799:
9789:
9787:
9772:
9768:
9758:
9756:
9743:
9742:
9738:
9731:
9709:
9705:
9699:Poundstone 1993
9697:
9693:
9648:
9644:
9629:
9625:
9618:
9604:
9600:
9571:
9567:
9552:
9548:
9499:
9495:
9472:
9468:
9461:
9447:
9443:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9393:
9389:
9383:
9362:
9358:
9324:
9320:
9314:
9297:
9293:
9287:
9271:
9267:
9259:
9255:
9248:
9244:
9203:
9199:
9176:
9172:
9167:(2nd ed.).
9156:
9152:
9144:
9140:
9133:
9119:
9115:
9105:
9103:
9088:
9081:
9071:
9069:
9054:
9050:
9010:
9001:
8997:
8989:
8985:
8920:
8911:
8868:
8864:
8825:
8821:
8794:
8790:
8780:
8778:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8750:
8748:
8730:
8726:
8718:
8714:
8704:
8702:
8689:
8688:
8684:
8655:
8648:
8642:Wayback Machine
8632:
8628:
8618:
8616:
8607:
8606:
8602:
8595:
8573:
8569:
8559:
8557:
8556:on 20 June 2013
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8511:
8507:
8500:
8486:
8482:
8473:
8469:
8464:Wayback Machine
8449:
8445:
8428:
8424:
8409:10.2307/2232276
8393:
8389:
8366:
8362:
8355:
8333:
8329:
8299:
8295:
8252:Fudenberg, Drew
8249:
8245:
8238:
8224:
8220:
8214:Wayback Machine
8205:(+), and ch. 1
8203:Wayback Machine
8192:Wayback Machine
8173:
8169:
8139:
8135:
8125:
8123:
8105:
8101:
8096:Wayback Machine
8078:
8077:
8073:
8066:
8044:
8040:
8030:Wayback Machine
8017:., ed. (2003).
8011:Wayback Machine
7997:
7993:
7986:
7972:
7968:
7961:
7936:
7932:
7909:
7905:
7898:
7872:
7850:
7846:
7831:
7810:
7803:
7780:
7773:
7763:
7761:
7746:
7742:
7732:
7730:
7712:
7708:
7698:
7696:
7678:
7674:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7623:
7619:
7609:
7607:
7596:
7588:
7584:
7545:
7541:
7534:
7505:
7501:
7491:
7489:
7469:
7465:
7442:
7438:
7433:on 14 May 2011.
7421:
7417:
7386:
7382:
7372:
7370:
7359:
7355:
7332:
7328:
7323:on 14 May 2011.
7308:
7301:
7293:
7278:
7272:
7268:
7239:
7235:
7218:
7214:
7207:
7185:
7181:
7166:
7144:
7140:
7116:
7110:
7106:
7087:
7083:
7060:
7056:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7032:
7028:
7011:
7007:
6986:
6982:
6959:
6955:
6924:
6920:
6891:
6887:
6872:
6850:Megiddo, Nimrod
6843:
6839:
6805:
6801:
6784:
6780:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6736:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6713:
6709:
6694:
6690:
6683:
6669:
6665:
6658:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6572:Kreps, David M.
6569:
6562:
6555:
6539:
6532:
6524:
6520:
6512:
6505:
6497:
6490:
6482:
6478:
6471:
6457:
6453:
6445:
6441:
6402:
6398:
6383:
6379:
6372:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6295:
6291:
6285:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6240:
6233:
6222:
6218:
6207:
6203:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6170:
6166:
6159:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6112:
6108:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6037:
6033:
6025:
6018:
6010:
6006:
5999:
5985:
5972:
5965:
5943:
5939:
5932:
5918:Owen, Guillermo
5915:
5911:
5904:Game Theory.net
5896:
5892:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5851:
5844:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5822:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5709:
5705:
5698:
5669:
5665:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5598:
5594:
5584:
5582:
5581:on 31 July 2020
5578:
5571:
5555:
5551:
5498:
5494:
5486:
5467:
5461:
5457:
5446:
5442:
5407:
5403:
5372:
5368:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5330:
5314:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5285:
5281:
5274:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5235:
5226:
5222:
5207:
5203:
5186:
5182:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5114:
5094:Risk management
5053:
5044:
5029:
4998:
4952:The Dark Knight
4939:The Dark Forest
4936:The 2008 novel
4923:The 1974 novel
4905:
4878:Dr. Strangelove
4823:
4814:
4808:
4787:
4781:
4768:
4745:
4739:
4722:
4716:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4617:
4611:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4552:Gauthier (1986)
4544:social contract
4486:signaling games
4403:
4395:complex systems
4364:Yao's principle
4352:-server problem
4351:
4318:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:Hamilton's rule
4243:game of chicken
4217:signaling games
4177:
4124:
4115:
4029:
3957:Liaison officer
3864:Nuclear warfare
3848:Multilateralism
3788:Just war theory
3653:
3611:
3567:
3550:
3450:
3391:
3383:fictitious play
3371:George R. Price
3324:
3268:Cournot duopoly
3254:As a method of
3252:
3120:Graphical games
3092:2-person games
3048:Congestion game
3019:
3013:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2957:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2891:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2805:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2781:
2774:
2750:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2710:
2706:
2669:
2663:
2622:
2610:Peter E. Caines
2602:Boyan Jovanovic
2598:
2592:
2564:
2556:stochastic game
2533:moves by nature
2516:, particularly
2512:, and areas of
2506:decision theory
2502:
2482:
2476:
2445:optimal control
2433:
2427:
2411:
2383:game complexity
2354:surreal numbers
2331:
2303:
2297:
2289:moves by nature
2245:information set
2237:
2231:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2182:
2180:
2179:Prior knowledge
2172:Payoff matrices
2119:simultaneous).
2110:
2108:Sequential game
2102:Main articles:
2100:
2057:
2046:A zero-sum game
2008:
1979:
1930:
1918:Nash equilibria
1895:non-cooperative
1883:
1875:Main articles:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1740:introduced his
1738:Reinhard Selten
1734:
1710:fictitious play
1597:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1309:decision making
1299:. It is now an
1285:systems science
1258:
1229:
1228:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1135:Core competency
1112:
1104:
1103:
1099:Henry Mintzberg
1045:Candace A. Yano
1036:Bruce Henderson
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:Decision theory
973:
936:
898:
896:
884:
877:
876:
847:
837:
836:
835:
834:
598:von Böhm-Bawerk
486:
475:
474:
236:
228:
227:
183:Economic growth
173:
165:
164:
106:
104:classifications
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15247:
15237:
15236:
15231:
15226:
15221:
15216:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15195:
15194:
15193:
15183:
15171:
15168:
15167:
15165:
15164:
15163:
15162:
15150:
15149:
15148:
15136:
15135:
15134:
15122:
15117:
15116:
15115:
15103:
15102:
15101:
15089:
15084:
15079:
15078:
15077:
15065:
15064:
15063:
15051:
15050:
15049:
15037:
15032:
15030:Garrett Hardin
15027:
15026:
15025:
15013:
15012:
15011:
14999:
14994:
14993:
14992:
14979:
14977:
14965:
14964:
14962:
14961:
14956:
14955:
14954:
14949:
14944:
14939:
14929:
14928:
14927:
14922:
14921:
14920:
14915:
14907:
14902:
14892:
14887:
14882:
14877:
14872:
14867:
14862:
14857:
14852:
14847:
14842:
14841:
14840:
14835:
14825:
14818:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14801:Eminent domain
14798:
14793:
14792:
14791:
14784:Bioprospecting
14780:
14778:
14776:redistribution
14767:
14766:
14763:
14762:
14760:
14759:
14758:
14757:
14752:
14742:
14737:
14732:
14731:
14730:
14718:
14713:
14712:
14711:
14706:
14701:
14691:
14686:
14685:
14684:
14674:
14669:
14664:
14659:
14653:
14651:
14647:
14646:
14644:
14643:
14642:
14641:
14636:
14631:
14626:
14621:
14611:
14606:
14605:
14604:
14594:
14587:
14582:
14581:
14580:
14575:
14570:
14560:
14552:
14543:
14537:
14533:
14532:
14530:
14529:
14528:
14527:
14517:
14512:
14507:
14506:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14485:
14480:
14478:Natural rights
14475:
14470:
14469:
14468:
14458:
14453:
14448:
14443:
14438:
14433:
14432:
14431:
14426:
14416:
14411:
14406:
14405:
14404:
14394:
14388:
14386:
14382:
14381:
14379:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14358:
14353:
14347:
14345:
14339:
14338:
14336:
14335:
14334:
14333:
14323:
14318:
14317:
14316:
14306:
14301:
14296:
14290:
14288:
14284:
14283:
14281:
14280:
14275:
14270:
14265:
14260:
14255:
14250:
14245:
14240:
14235:
14230:
14225:
14220:
14214:
14212:
14208:
14207:
14200:
14199:
14192:
14185:
14177:
14168:
14167:
14165:
14164:
14154:
14141:
14138:
14137:
14135:
14134:
14129:
14127:Macroeconomics
14124:
14123:
14122:
14111:
14109:
14105:
14104:
14102:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13990:
13988:
13984:
13983:
13981:
13980:
13975:
13974:
13973:
13968:
13958:
13953:
13952:
13951:
13942:
13928:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13864:
13863:
13862:
13857:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13826:Price controls
13818:
13813:
13808:
13807:
13806:
13801:
13796:
13791:
13790:
13789:
13784:
13774:
13769:
13768:
13767:
13762:
13747:
13745:Market failure
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13711:
13710:
13705:
13695:
13690:
13685:
13680:
13679:
13678:
13668:
13667:
13666:
13661:
13656:
13651:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13616:
13615:
13614:
13609:
13604:
13599:
13598:
13597:
13587:
13582:
13572:
13563:
13558:
13553:
13547:
13545:
13541:
13540:
13537:Microeconomics
13533:
13532:
13525:
13518:
13510:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13497:
13485:
13473:
13461:
13446:
13443:
13442:
13440:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13413:
13412:
13405:Mathematicians
13401:
13399:
13397:Related topics
13393:
13392:
13390:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13374:
13369:
13364:
13358:
13356:
13350:
13349:
13347:
13346:
13345:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13332:Control theory
13324:
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13268:
13266:
13260:
13259:
13257:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13230:
13228:
13222:
13221:
13219:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13197:
13195:
13189:
13188:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13149:
13147:
13141:
13140:
13138:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13121:
13119:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13109:
13107:Measure theory
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13068:
13066:
13060:
13059:
13057:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13015:
13013:
13007:
13006:
13004:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12972:
12970:
12964:
12963:
12961:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12949:
12948:
12943:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12919:
12918:
12911:
12904:
12896:
12887:
12886:
12884:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12827:
12825:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12786:
12784:
12780:
12779:
12777:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12739:Robert Axelrod
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12714:Olga Bondareva
12711:
12706:
12704:Melvin Dresher
12701:
12696:
12694:Leonid Hurwicz
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12656:
12651:
12646:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12629:Harold W. Kuhn
12626:
12621:
12619:Drew Fudenberg
12616:
12611:
12609:David M. Kreps
12606:
12601:
12596:
12594:Claude Shannon
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12570:
12568:
12562:
12561:
12559:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12531:Nash's theorem
12528:
12523:
12518:
12512:
12510:
12506:
12505:
12503:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12390:Ultimatum game
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12370:Dollar auction
12367:
12362:
12357:
12355:Centipede game
12352:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12310:Infinite chess
12307:
12302:
12296:
12294:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12284:
12279:
12277:Symmetric game
12274:
12269:
12264:
12262:Signaling game
12259:
12257:Screening game
12254:
12249:
12247:Potential game
12244:
12239:
12234:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12200:
12198:
12190:
12189:
12187:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12174:Mixed strategy
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12105:
12103:
12097:
12096:
12094:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12056:Risk dominance
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11967:
11965:
11955:
11954:
11952:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11899:Graphical game
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11860:
11858:
11854:
11853:
11845:
11844:
11837:
11830:
11822:
11814:
11813:
11791:
11784:
11775:
11759:
11750:
11724:
11719:
11705:
11698:
11692:
11681:
11676:Jim Ratliff's
11674:
11671:GameTheory.net
11667:
11660:
11638:
11634:David Levine:
11632:
11625:
11607:
11598:
11597:External links
11595:
11594:
11593:
11535:
11529:
11504:
11495:(4): 281–298,
11476:
11460:
11459:
11454:
11434:
11429:
11416:
11406:(2): 187–217.
11388:
11382:
11365:
11359:
11342:
11330:
11329:Other material
11327:
11326:
11325:
11313:Zermelo, Ernst
11309:
11262:
11236:(1): 295–320,
11223:
11171:Shapley, L. S.
11167:
11161:
11110:
11105:
11086:
11085:
11084:
11083:
11078:
11057:
11056:
11045:Raiffa, Howard
11037:
11032:
11016:
11002:
10991:
10983:Shapley, L. S.
10973:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10962:
10949:
10943:
10928:
10916:
10901:
10895:
10878:
10863:
10858:
10838:
10823:
10817:
10796:
10791:
10778:
10777:
10776:
10770:
10750:
10737:
10728:
10722:
10714:Addison-Wesley
10705:
10699:
10682:
10668:on 14 May 2011
10660:
10648:"Introduction"
10644:Camerer, Colin
10640:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10603:
10590:
10585:
10572:
10567:
10554:
10549:
10536:
10519:(4): 350–374,
10505:
10500:
10484:
10478:
10463:
10457:
10440:
10397:
10396:(2002 edition)
10377:
10371:
10358:
10353:
10336:
10331:
10323:Animal signals
10311:
10294:(4): 209–243,
10283:
10278:
10258:
10247:
10237:Downs, Anthony
10233:
10202:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10169:
10142:
10115:
10085:
10051:
10032:
10018:
9999:
9978:
9943:
9913:
9902:(5): 865–889.
9886:
9875:(1): 122–142.
9859:
9824:
9813:(2): 179–196.
9797:
9766:
9736:
9729:
9703:
9691:
9642:
9623:
9616:
9598:
9585:(2): 114–130.
9565:
9546:
9493:
9466:
9459:
9441:
9430:(2): 133–163.
9414:
9408:
9387:
9381:
9356:
9337:(1–2): 69–85.
9318:
9312:
9291:
9285:
9265:
9253:
9242:
9205:Littman, Amy;
9197:
9170:
9150:
9138:
9131:
9113:
9079:
9048:
9021:(1): 209–221.
8995:
8983:
8909:
8882:(1): 153–170.
8862:
8835:(3): 379–414.
8819:
8788:
8758:
8724:
8712:
8682:
8646:
8626:
8600:
8593:
8567:
8536:
8525:on 24 May 2013
8505:
8498:
8480:
8467:
8443:
8422:
8387:
8360:
8353:
8327:
8293:
8266:(3): 694–711.
8243:
8236:
8218:
8167:
8133:
8099:
8071:
8064:
8038:
7991:
7984:
7966:
7959:
7930:
7903:
7896:
7870:
7844:
7829:
7801:
7771:
7740:
7706:
7672:
7650:
7643:
7617:
7582:
7539:
7532:
7512:Arrow, Kenneth
7508:Shubik, Martin
7499:
7488:on 15 May 2011
7463:
7436:
7415:
7380:
7353:
7342:(2): 197–208.
7326:
7299:
7266:
7233:
7212:
7205:
7179:
7164:
7138:
7104:
7081:
7054:
7026:
7005:
6999:10.1.1.22.5705
6980:
6953:
6934:(7): 949–970.
6918:
6905:(2): 183–235.
6885:
6870:
6846:Koller, Daphne
6837:
6799:
6778:
6765:
6739:
6735:
6719:
6707:
6688:
6681:
6663:
6656:
6627:
6620:
6599:
6592:
6560:
6553:
6530:
6518:
6488:
6476:
6469:
6451:
6439:
6396:
6389:(in Russian).
6377:
6370:
6352:
6346:
6323:
6316:
6289:
6283:
6262:
6255:
6245:(2005). "31".
6231:
6216:
6201:
6189:
6182:
6164:
6157:
6131:
6124:
6106:
6067:
6060:
6040:Mycielski, Jan
6031:
6004:
5997:
5970:
5963:
5937:
5930:
5909:
5890:
5857:
5832:
5815:GameTheory.net
5801:
5767:
5761:
5735:
5728:
5703:
5696:
5663:
5644:(1): 295–320.
5619:
5612:
5592:
5558:Zermelo, Ernst
5549:
5492:
5455:
5440:
5401:
5366:
5355:Nisan (2020).
5347:
5328:
5308:
5279:
5272:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5220:
5201:
5180:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5108:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5005:
5002:Applied ethics
4997:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4985:
4976:; then in the
4960:
4947:
4934:
4921:
4909:
4890:
4875:The 1964 film
4873:
4852:
4822:
4819:
4810:Main article:
4807:
4804:
4783:Main article:
4780:
4777:
4767:
4764:
4743:Ultimatum game
4741:Main article:
4738:
4737:Ultimatum game
4735:
4718:Main article:
4715:
4712:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4613:Main article:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4444:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4385:and within it
4349:
4330:game semantics
4317:
4314:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4261:vervet monkeys
4173:Main article:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4053:war bargaining
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3937:
3932:
3930:Family therapy
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3717:Party-directed
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3598:in game theory
3592:
3589:
3586:
3566:
3563:
3549:
3546:
3498:voting systems
3486:social network
3449:
3446:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3362:game, and the
3356:centipede game
3332:centipede game
3323:
3320:
3279:Charles Darwin
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3012:
3009:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2922:Main article:
2919:
2916:
2887:Main article:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2862:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2824:
2811:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2748:
2740:
2727:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2665:Main article:
2662:
2661:Extensive form
2659:
2621:
2618:
2594:Main article:
2591:
2588:
2563:
2560:
2501:
2498:
2478:Main article:
2475:
2472:
2429:Main article:
2426:
2423:
2410:
2407:
2330:
2327:
2299:Main article:
2296:
2293:
2233:Main article:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:Strategic game
2216:
2214:
2212:Extensive game
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2167:Decision trees
2164:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2137:extensive form
2099:
2096:
2053:Main article:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1995:ultimatum game
1977:Symmetric game
1975:Main article:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1901:(e.g. through
1899:self-enforcing
1872:
1869:
1861:
1858:
1815:Leonid Hurwicz
1733:
1730:
1714:repeated games
1675:Melvin Dresher
1617:on continuous
1596:
1593:
1513:mixed strategy
1457:
1454:
1445:
1430:The Art of War
1398:The Art of War
1396:Main article:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1365:Crafoord Prize
1293:zero-sum games
1273:social science
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1213:
1211:Kraljic matrix
1204:
1202:MECE principle
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1117:Business model
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1072:Julian Corbett
1069:
1060:
1051:
1049:C. K. Prahalad
1042:
1033:
1027:Michael Porter
1023:
1021:Major thinkers
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
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957:
951:
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938:
937:
935:
934:
927:
920:
912:
909:
908:
907:
906:
894:
879:
878:
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874:
869:
859:
854:
848:
843:
842:
839:
838:
833:
832:
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815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
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755:
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710:
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560:
555:
550:
545:
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505:
500:
495:
489:
488:
487:
481:
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477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
391:Organizational
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
237:
235:By application
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
128:
123:
118:
113:
107:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
89:
84:
76:
75:
67:
66:
60:
59:
26:
18:Game-theoretic
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15246:
15235:
15232:
15230:
15227:
15225:
15222:
15220:
15217:
15215:
15212:
15211:
15209:
15192:
15189:
15188:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:Categories:
15173:
15172:
15169:
15161:
15160:
15156:
15155:
15154:
15151:
15147:
15146:
15142:
15141:
15140:
15137:
15133:
15132:
15128:
15127:
15126:
15123:
15121:
15120:David Ricardo
15118:
15114:
15113:
15109:
15108:
15107:
15104:
15100:
15099:
15095:
15094:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15087:Elinor Ostrom
15085:
15083:
15080:
15076:
15075:
15071:
15070:
15069:
15066:
15062:
15061:
15057:
15056:
15055:
15052:
15048:
15047:
15043:
15042:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15031:
15028:
15024:
15023:
15019:
15018:
15017:
15014:
15010:
15009:
15005:
15004:
15003:
15000:
14998:
14995:
14991:
14990:
14986:
14985:
14984:
14981:
14980:
14978:
14974:
14966:
14960:
14957:
14953:
14950:
14948:
14945:
14943:
14940:
14938:
14935:
14934:
14933:
14930:
14926:
14923:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14910:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14897:
14896:
14893:
14891:
14888:
14886:
14885:Privatization
14883:
14881:
14878:
14876:
14873:
14871:
14868:
14866:
14865:Legal plunder
14863:
14861:
14858:
14856:
14853:
14851:
14848:
14846:
14843:
14839:
14836:
14834:
14831:
14830:
14829:
14826:
14824:
14823:
14819:
14817:
14816:Expropriation
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14790:
14787:
14786:
14785:
14782:
14781:
14779:
14777:
14772:
14768:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14747:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14736:
14733:
14729:
14728:
14724:
14723:
14722:
14719:
14717:
14714:
14710:
14707:
14705:
14702:
14700:
14697:
14696:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14683:
14680:
14679:
14678:
14675:
14673:
14670:
14668:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14654:
14652:
14648:
14640:
14637:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14625:
14622:
14620:
14617:
14616:
14615:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14603:
14600:
14599:
14598:
14595:
14593:
14592:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14571:
14569:
14566:
14565:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14557:
14553:
14551:
14550:(watercourse)
14549:
14545:
14544:
14541:
14538:
14534:
14526:
14523:
14522:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14513:
14511:
14508:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14493:primogeniture
14491:
14490:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14473:Legal plunder
14471:
14467:
14464:
14463:
14462:
14459:
14457:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14447:
14444:
14442:
14439:
14437:
14434:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14424:appropriation
14422:
14421:
14420:
14417:
14415:
14414:Excludability
14412:
14410:
14407:
14403:
14400:
14399:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14389:
14387:
14383:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14352:
14349:
14348:
14346:
14344:
14340:
14332:
14329:
14328:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14315:
14312:
14311:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14291:
14289:
14285:
14279:
14276:
14274:
14271:
14269:
14266:
14264:
14261:
14259:
14256:
14254:
14251:
14249:
14246:
14244:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14215:
14213:
14209:
14205:
14198:
14193:
14191:
14186:
14184:
14179:
14178:
14175:
14163:
14155:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14142:
14139:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14121:
14118:
14117:
14116:
14113:
14112:
14110:
14106:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14059:Institutional
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14004:Computational
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13991:
13989:
13985:
13979:
13976:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13963:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13950:
13949:Law of supply
13946:
13943:
13941:
13940:Law of demand
13937:
13934:
13933:
13932:
13929:
13927:
13926:Social choice
13924:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13911:Excess supply
13908:
13905:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13897:Risk aversion
13895:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13831:Price ceiling
13829:
13827:
13824:
13823:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13788:
13787:Complementary
13785:
13783:
13780:
13779:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13758:
13757:
13756:
13753:
13752:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13700:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13689:
13686:
13684:
13681:
13677:
13674:
13673:
13672:
13669:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13646:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13613:
13610:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13596:
13593:
13592:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13577:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13570:non-convexity
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13548:
13546:
13542:
13538:
13531:
13526:
13524:
13519:
13517:
13512:
13511:
13508:
13496:
13495:
13486:
13484:
13483:
13474:
13472:
13471:
13462:
13460:
13459:
13454:
13448:
13447:
13444:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13411:
13408:
13407:
13406:
13403:
13402:
13400:
13398:
13394:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13359:
13357:
13355:
13354:Computational
13351:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13329:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13269:
13267:
13265:
13261:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13231:
13229:
13227:
13223:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13202:
13199:
13198:
13196:
13194:
13193:Number theory
13190:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13150:
13148:
13146:
13142:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13125:Combinatorics
13123:
13122:
13120:
13118:
13114:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13077:Real analysis
13075:
13073:
13070:
13069:
13067:
13065:
13061:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13012:
13008:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12973:
12971:
12969:
12965:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12938:
12937:
12934:
12933:
12930:
12925:
12917:
12912:
12910:
12905:
12903:
12898:
12897:
12894:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12828:
12826:
12824:Miscellaneous
12822:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12759:Samuel Bowles
12757:
12755:
12754:Roger Myerson
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12744:Robert Aumann
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12699:Lloyd Shapley
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12684:Kenneth Arrow
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12664:John Harsanyi
12662:
12660:
12657:
12655:
12652:
12650:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12634:Herbert Simon
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12571:
12569:
12563:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12507:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12435:Fair division
12433:
12431:
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12410:Dictator game
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12297:
12295:
12293:
12289:
12283:
12282:Zero-sum game
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12252:Repeated game
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12231:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12197:
12191:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12169:Pure strategy
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12134:De-escalation
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12106:
12104:
12102:
12098:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12076:Shapley value
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11960:
11956:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11944:Succinct game
11942:
11940:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11861:
11859:
11855:
11851:
11843:
11838:
11836:
11831:
11829:
11824:
11823:
11820:
11816:
11812:
11808:
11804:
11800:
11796:
11792:
11789:
11785:
11782:
11781:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11767:
11764:
11760:
11757:
11756:
11751:
11748:
11744:
11741:
11737:
11733:
11729:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11717:
11713:
11710:
11706:
11703:
11699:
11697:
11693:
11690:
11686:
11682:
11679:
11675:
11672:
11668:
11665:
11661:
11648:
11644:
11639:
11637:
11633:
11630:
11627:Paul Walker:
11626:
11622:
11618:
11617:
11612:
11608:
11605:
11601:
11600:
11591:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11563:
11559:
11555:
11551:
11550:
11545:
11541:
11536:
11532:
11526:
11522:
11518:
11514:
11510:
11505:
11502:
11498:
11494:
11490:
11474:
11466:
11462:
11461:
11457:
11451:
11447:
11443:
11439:
11438:Skyrms, Brian
11435:
11432:
11426:
11422:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11405:
11401:
11394:
11389:
11385:
11379:
11375:
11374:Probabilistic
11371:
11366:
11362:
11356:
11352:
11348:
11343:
11340:
11336:
11335:Allan Gibbard
11333:
11332:
11322:
11318:
11314:
11310:
11307:
11303:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11287:
11283:
11279:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11251:
11247:
11243:
11239:
11235:
11231:
11230:
11224:
11220:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11192:
11188:
11184:
11180:
11176:
11172:
11168:
11165:
11164:Shapley, L.S.
11162:
11159:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11131:
11127:
11123:
11119:
11115:
11111:
11108:
11102:
11098:
11097:
11092:
11088:
11087:
11081:
11075:
11071:
11067:
11061:
11060:
11059:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11035:
11029:
11025:
11021:
11017:
11013:
11012:
11007:
11003:
11000:
10996:
10992:
10988:
10984:
10980:
10979:Aumann, R. J.
10976:
10975:
10965:
10959:
10955:
10950:
10946:
10940:
10936:
10935:
10929:
10919:
10913:
10909:
10908:
10902:
10898:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10879:
10876:
10872:
10868:
10864:
10861:
10855:
10851:
10847:
10843:
10842:Isaacs, Rufus
10839:
10836:
10835:0-7167-6630-2
10832:
10828:
10824:
10820:
10814:
10810:
10806:
10802:
10797:
10794:
10788:
10784:
10779:
10773:
10767:
10763:
10757:
10756:
10753:
10747:
10743:
10738:
10734:
10729:
10725:
10719:
10715:
10711:
10706:
10702:
10696:
10692:
10688:
10683:
10680:
10667:
10663:
10657:
10653:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10636:
10635:
10630:
10626:
10625:
10611:
10606:
10600:
10596:
10591:
10588:
10582:
10578:
10573:
10570:
10564:
10560:
10555:
10552:
10546:
10542:
10537:
10534:
10530:
10526:
10522:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10503:
10497:
10493:
10489:
10485:
10481:
10479:0-385-41580-X
10475:
10471:
10470:
10464:
10460:
10454:
10451:, MIT Press,
10450:
10446:
10441:
10438:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10422:
10418:
10414:
10410:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10395:
10391:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10374:
10368:
10364:
10359:
10356:
10350:
10346:
10343:, Cambridge,
10342:
10337:
10334:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10316:
10315:Harper, David
10312:
10309:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10289:
10284:
10281:
10275:
10271:
10267:
10263:
10259:
10255:
10254:
10248:
10244:
10243:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10226:
10222:
10218:
10214:
10210:
10205:
10204:
10183:
10179:
10173:
10157:
10153:
10146:
10130:
10126:
10119:
10103:
10099:
10095:
10089:
10072:
10068:
10067:
10062:
10055:
10048:
10044:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10022:
10014:
10010:
10003:
9996:
9995:0-684-81906-6
9992:
9988:
9982:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9947:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9917:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9890:
9882:
9878:
9874:
9870:
9863:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9828:
9820:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9801:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9770:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9740:
9732:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9695:
9687:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9646:
9638:
9634:
9627:
9619:
9613:
9610:. MIT Press.
9609:
9602:
9593:
9588:
9584:
9580:
9576:
9569:
9561:
9557:
9550:
9542:
9538:
9534:
9530:
9526:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9497:
9489:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9470:
9462:
9456:
9452:
9445:
9437:
9433:
9429:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9396:Skyrms, Brian
9391:
9384:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9360:
9352:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9336:
9332:
9328:
9322:
9315:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9295:
9288:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9269:
9262:
9257:
9251:
9250:Skyrms (1996)
9246:
9238:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9201:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9174:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9154:
9147:
9142:
9134:
9128:
9124:
9117:
9101:
9097:
9093:
9086:
9084:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9052:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9016:
9009:
9005:
8999:
8992:
8987:
8979:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8951:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8918:
8916:
8914:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8866:
8858:
8854:
8850:
8846:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8830:
8823:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8792:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8746:
8742:
8741:Plus Magazine
8738:
8734:
8728:
8721:
8716:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8686:
8677:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8653:
8651:
8643:
8639:
8636:
8633:CIPS (2021),
8630:
8614:
8610:
8604:
8596:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8571:
8555:
8551:
8547:
8540:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8509:
8501:
8495:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8471:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8454:. MIT Press.
8453:
8447:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8391:
8383:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8364:
8356:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8331:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8307:
8303:
8297:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8247:
8239:
8233:
8229:
8222:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8171:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8151:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8103:
8097:
8093:
8090:
8086:
8081:
8075:
8067:
8061:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8042:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7995:
7987:
7981:
7977:
7970:
7962:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7907:
7899:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7873:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7848:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7830:9780521872829
7826:
7822:
7818:
7814:
7808:
7806:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7778:
7776:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7710:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7676:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7654:
7646:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7621:
7606:
7602:
7595:
7594:
7586:
7577:
7573:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7548:Shapiro, Carl
7543:
7535:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7487:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7476:"game theory"
7473:
7467:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7440:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7419:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7384:
7368:
7364:
7363:"Game Theory"
7357:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7330:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7261:
7256:
7253:(1): 89–107.
7252:
7248:
7244:
7237:
7228:
7223:
7216:
7208:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7161:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7142:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7115:
7108:
7101:(3): 387–397.
7100:
7096:
7092:
7085:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7039:
7038:
7030:
7021:
7016:
7009:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6984:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6957:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6922:
6913:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6889:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6871:0-89791-663-8
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6841:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6794:
6789:
6782:
6763:
6755:
6737:
6733:
6723:
6717:, p. 35.
6716:
6711:
6703:
6699:
6692:
6684:
6678:
6674:
6667:
6659:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6634:
6632:
6623:
6617:
6613:
6606:
6604:
6595:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6565:
6556:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6537:
6535:
6527:
6526:Howard (1971)
6522:
6511:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6480:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6443:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6381:
6373:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6327:
6319:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6293:
6286:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6258:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6227:
6220:
6212:
6205:
6199:, p. 60.
6198:
6193:
6185:
6179:
6175:
6168:
6160:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6071:
6063:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6024:
6017:
6016:"Game Theory"
6014:
6008:
6000:
5998:0-691-04308-6
5994:
5990:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5966:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5941:
5933:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5699:
5697:0-691-07937-4
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5623:
5615:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5596:
5577:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5496:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5417:(1): 85–110.
5416:
5412:
5405:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5361:lesswrong.com
5358:
5351:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5312:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5273:9780674341166
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5244:
5230:
5224:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5177:
5176:Robert Aumann
5173:
5169:
5163:
5159:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:Russell Crowe
4846:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4828:the 1998 book
4825:
4824:
4818:
4813:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:marginal cost
4786:
4776:
4772:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4753:John Harsanyi
4750:
4744:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4680:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4637:
4632:
4624:
4623:
4616:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4535:Thomas Hobbes
4532:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4274:
4270:
4269:kin selection
4265:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:Anthony Downs
4064:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:public choice
4046:
4042:
4041:fair division
4038:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:Peacebuilding
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Peace process
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:De-escalation
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:Collaborative
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:fair division
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:best response
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3364:dictator game
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3333:
3330:A four-stage
3328:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:Ronald Fisher
3280:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:Type of games
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3017:Succinct game
3008:
2994:
2991:
2979:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2844:chooses
2840:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2718:
2714:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2689:decision tree
2686:
2682:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:gold standard
2548:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:combinatorial
2356:, as well as
2355:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:Bayesian game
2307:
2302:
2301:Bayesian game
2295:Bayesian game
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2219:
2218:Strategy game
2215:
2210:
2206:
2204:Also known as
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2158:Simultaneous
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:Furthermore,
2084:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2055:Zero-sum game
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1999:dictator game
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:). A game is
1892:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:Alvin E. Roth
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:Roger Myerson
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:Robert Aumann
1801:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1718:Shapley value
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1621:into compact
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1546:Ernst Zermelo
1542:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1523:considered a
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:umbrella term
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:PEST analysis
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:Ansoff matrix
1172:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
988:
985:
983:
979:
976:
975:
969:
968:
964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
952:
948:
944:
943:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
895:
893:
888:
883:
882:
881:
880:
873:
870:
867:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
841:
840:
831:
830:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:de Mandeville
491:
490:
485:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
422:
421:Public choice
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Participation
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Institutional
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Expeditionary
304:
302:
299:
297:
296:Environmental
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
232:
231:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
169:
168:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
132:
129:
127:
126:International
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:Branches and
99:
98:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
77:
73:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
15186:Property law
15157:
15143:
15129:
15110:
15096:
15092:Karl Polanyi
15072:
15068:Marcel Mauss
15058:
15044:
15035:David Harvey
15020:
15016:Henry George
15006:
14997:Ronald Coase
14987:
14972:
14918:wife selling
14900:bride buying
14838:repatriation
14820:
14771:Disposession
14725:
14614:Property law
14589:
14585:Forest types
14555:
14547:
14536:Applications
14466:rent-seeking
14451:Gift economy
14440:
14309:Intellectual
14094:Optimization
14079:Mathematical
14043:
14039:Experimental
14034:Evolutionary
14019:Econometrics
13877:Public goods
13851:Price system
13846:Price signal
13760:Monopolistic
13629:Distribution
13544:Major topics
13492:
13480:
13468:
13449:
13382:Optimization
13336:
13244:Differential
13168:Differential
13135:Order theory
13130:Graph theory
13034:Group theory
12729:Peyton Young
12724:Paul Milgrom
12639:Hervé Moulin
12579:Amos Tversky
12521:Folk theorem
12232:-player game
12229:
12154:Grim trigger
11849:
11815:
11778:
11753:
11688:
11662:Adam Kalai:
11653:13 September
11651:. Retrieved
11647:the original
11614:
11553:
11547:
11512:
11492:
11488:
11441:
11420:
11403:
11399:
11369:
11351:W. W. Norton
11346:
11339:Econometrica
11338:
11320:
11316:
11281:
11277:
11254:
11233:
11227:
11182:
11178:
11124:(1): 48–49,
11121:
11117:
11095:
11068:, New York:
11065:
11051:, New York:
11048:
11023:
11010:
10998:
10986:
10953:
10933:
10921:, retrieved
10906:
10885:, New York:
10882:
10866:
10848:, New York:
10845:
10826:
10804:
10782:
10761:
10741:
10732:
10709:
10686:
10670:, retrieved
10666:the original
10651:
10633:
10594:
10576:
10558:
10540:
10516:
10512:
10509:Quine, W.v.O
10491:
10488:Quine, W.v.O
10468:
10448:
10412:
10408:
10384:
10381:Lewis, David
10362:
10340:
10322:
10291:
10287:
10265:
10252:
10241:
10212:
10209:Algorithmica
10208:
10186:. Retrieved
10172:
10160:. Retrieved
10154:. Colossus.
10145:
10133:. Retrieved
10118:
10106:. Retrieved
10097:
10088:
10075:. Retrieved
10071:the original
10064:
10054:
10046:
10041:
10035:
10027:
10021:
10012:
10002:
9986:
9981:
9956:
9952:
9946:
9934:. Retrieved
9925:
9916:
9899:
9895:
9889:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9837:
9833:
9827:
9810:
9806:
9800:
9788:. Retrieved
9779:
9769:
9757:. Retrieved
9748:
9739:
9712:
9706:
9694:
9659:
9655:
9645:
9636:
9626:
9607:
9601:
9582:
9578:
9568:
9559:
9549:
9509:(1): 57–89.
9506:
9502:
9496:
9479:
9475:
9469:
9450:
9444:
9427:
9423:
9417:
9399:
9390:
9368:
9359:
9334:
9330:
9321:
9303:
9294:
9275:
9268:
9256:
9245:
9221:(1–2): 3–6.
9218:
9214:
9200:
9186:(8): 74–79.
9183:
9179:
9173:
9163:
9153:
9141:
9122:
9116:
9104:. Retrieved
9099:
9070:. Retrieved
9065:
9051:
9018:
9014:
8998:
8986:
8931:
8927:
8879:
8875:
8865:
8832:
8828:
8822:
8805:
8801:
8791:
8779:. Retrieved
8770:
8761:
8749:. Retrieved
8740:
8727:
8720:Downs (1957)
8715:
8703:. Retrieved
8694:
8685:
8666:
8662:
8629:
8617:. Retrieved
8613:the original
8603:
8576:
8570:
8558:. Retrieved
8554:the original
8549:
8539:
8527:. Retrieved
8523:the original
8508:
8492:. Elsevier.
8489:
8483:
8475:
8470:
8451:
8446:
8430:
8425:
8400:
8396:
8390:
8373:
8369:
8363:
8336:
8330:
8308:. MIT Press.
8305:
8302:Tirole, Jean
8296:
8263:
8259:
8246:
8227:
8221:
8182:. Princeton.
8179:
8170:
8153:
8149:
8136:
8124:. Retrieved
8120:the original
8115:
8102:
8079:
8074:
8047:
8041:
8018:
8014:
7999:
7994:
7978:. Elsevier.
7975:
7969:
7942:
7933:
7916:
7912:
7906:
7879:
7853:
7847:
7816:
7787:
7783:
7762:. Retrieved
7758:the original
7753:
7743:
7731:. Retrieved
7722:
7709:
7697:. Retrieved
7693:the original
7688:
7675:
7666:
7653:
7626:
7620:
7608:. Retrieved
7592:
7585:
7555:
7551:
7542:
7515:
7502:
7490:. Retrieved
7486:the original
7479:
7466:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7431:the original
7425:
7418:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7371:. Retrieved
7366:
7356:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7321:the original
7315:
7286:
7282:
7269:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7215:
7188:
7182:
7147:
7141:
7124:
7121:Econometrica
7120:
7107:
7098:
7094:
7084:
7067:
7063:
7057:
7045:. Retrieved
7036:
7029:
7008:
6989:
6983:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6931:
6927:
6921:
6902:
6898:
6888:
6853:
6840:
6818:(1): 65–67.
6815:
6811:
6802:
6781:
6752:denotes the
6722:
6710:
6697:
6691:
6672:
6666:
6639:
6614:. Elsevier.
6611:
6575:
6543:
6521:
6501:
6479:
6460:
6454:
6442:
6433:10419/179191
6413:
6409:
6399:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6361:
6355:
6336:
6326:
6302:
6298:Beck, József
6292:
6274:
6265:
6246:
6225:
6219:
6210:
6204:
6192:
6173:
6167:
6140:
6134:
6115:
6109:
6084:the original
6079:
6070:
6043:
6034:
6007:
5988:
5946:
5940:
5921:
5912:
5903:
5893:
5881:. Retrieved
5874:the original
5860:
5835:
5825:15 September
5823:. Retrieved
5814:
5809:Shor, Mike.
5804:
5792:. Retrieved
5783:
5776:Kuhn, Steven
5770:
5744:
5738:
5719:
5706:
5679:
5666:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5622:
5602:
5595:
5583:. Retrieved
5576:the original
5567:
5562:
5552:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5458:
5448:
5443:
5434:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5360:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5318:
5311:
5299:. Retrieved
5289:
5282:
5259:
5223:
5213:
5204:
5199:are several.
5183:
5171:
5162:
5131:
5130:
4989:Molly's Game
4963:
4950:
4937:
4931:Len Deighton
4924:
4911:
4902:Scott Miller
4886:
4876:
4859:
4842:
4832:Sylvia Nasar
4815:
4788:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4746:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4598:
4589:
4586:Epidemiology
4560:
4556:Kavka (1986)
4528:
4517:
4511:(1990), and
4505:epistemology
4502:
4498:social norms
4490:Lewis (1969)
4484:in terms of
4466:Lewis (1969)
4447:
4440:
4380:
4368:lower bounds
4359:
4355:
4342:
4319:
4266:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4230:Paul Ormerod
4210:
4199:
4188:
4178:
4161:
4116:
4103:
4099:
4091:
4087:
4071:
4065:
4034:
3977:Peace treaty
3939:
3828:Brinkmanship
3685:Conciliation
3645:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3568:
3551:
3541:prescriptive
3539:
3535:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3451:
3444:
3435:
3428:
3368:
3336:
3293:
3286:
3272:
3253:
3083:Timed games
3020:
2930:
2927:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2879:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2795:
2785:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2716:
2712:
2700:
2698:
2678:
2656:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2599:
2576:
2565:
2549:
2537:
2530:
2503:
2491:
2487:Markov chain
2483:
2460:time horizon
2457:
2434:
2412:
2388:Research in
2387:
2347:
2332:
2323:
2308:
2304:
2270:
2250:
2146:
2130:
2116:
2111:
2087:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2045:
1992:
1980:
1967:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1894:
1891:contract law
1886:
1884:
1843:
1834:
1812:
1797:
1789:
1762:
1735:
1699:
1664:
1630:
1610:
1608:
1564:
1555:
1543:
1538:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1423:'s guide on
1414:
1377:Paul Milgrom
1354:
1331:
1313:
1307:of rational
1264:
1263:
1220:Strategy map
1090:Sharon Oster
1058:Liddell Hart
1008:
862:Publications
827:
450:Sociological
423: /
321:Geographical
301:Evolutionary
276:Digitization
241:Agricultural
207:
145:Mathematical
116:Econometrics
48:
36:Game studies
15214:Game theory
15060:Das Kapital
14947:progressive
14937:inheritance
14860:Land reform
14634:real estate
14609:Land tenure
14597:Inheritance
14525:anticommons
14461:Law of rent
14441:Game theory
14371:Information
14351:Common land
14248:Cooperative
14044:Game theory
14009:Development
13956:Uncertainty
13836:Price floor
13816:Preferences
13755:Competition
13725:Information
13688:Externality
13671:Equilibrium
13612:Transaction
13590:Opportunity
13551:Aggregation
13494:WikiProject
13337:Game theory
13317:Probability
13054:Homological
13044:Multilinear
13024:Commutative
13001:Type theory
12968:Foundations
12924:mathematics
12846:Coopetition
12649:Jean Tirole
12644:John Conway
12624:Eric Maskin
12420:Blotto game
12405:Pirate game
12214:Global game
12184:Tit for tat
12119:Bid shading
12109:Appeasement
11959:Equilibrium
11939:Solved game
11874:Determinacy
11857:Definitions
11850:game theory
11793:Yu-Chi Ho:
11702:Game Theory
11669:Mike Shor:
11640:Alvin Roth:
10887:McGraw-Hill
10867:Game Theory
10735:. Springer.
10679:Description
10215:(1): 2–14.
10108:25 November
10066:Pacific Sun
9959:(1): 1–11.
9482:(1): 1–44.
8934:(3): 1032.
8808:(1): 1–29.
8663:Mathematics
8635:Game Theory
8456:Description
8311:Description
8185:Description
8023:Description
7813:Nisan, Noam
7562:: 125–137.
7064:AI Magazine
6992:: 253–260.
6673:Game Theory
6447:Webb (2007)
6141:Game Theory
5382:(11): 309.
5168:David Lewis
4898:Game Theory
4847:, starring
4206:Fisher 1930
3992:Rule of man
3987:Peacemaking
3940:Game theory
3818:Appeasement
3734:Negotiation
3700:Rule of law
3675:Arbitration
3666:Nonviolence
3579:procurement
3575:procurement
3536:descriptive
3488:formation,
3482:oligopolies
3385:dynamics).
3275:naturalists
2772:Normal form
2652:equilibrium
2630:information
2518:AI planning
2401:trained by
2370:solve games
2254:tic-tac-toe
2133:normal form
2117:effectively
1887:cooperative
1854:Jean Tirole
1819:Eric Maskin
1623:convex sets
1585:Blotto game
1581:Émile Borel
1519:. In 1838,
1493:) in 1657.
1482:expectation
1433:, he wrote
1324:convex sets
1265:Game theory
1166:Five forces
1126:Value chain
1054:Jim Collins
1009:Game theory
698:von Neumann
351:Information
291:Engineering
271:Development
266:Demographic
208:Game theory
150:Methodology
15208:Categories
15191:by country
15153:Adam Smith
15040:John Locke
14704:indigenous
14699:aboriginal
14619:alienation
14314:indigenous
14304:Intangible
14218:Collective
14074:Managerial
13994:Behavioral
13867:Production
13804:Oligopsony
13644:Elasticity
13556:Budget set
13322:Statistics
13201:Arithmetic
13163:Arithmetic
13029:Elementary
12996:Set theory
12490:Trust game
12475:Kuhn poker
12144:Escalation
12139:Deterrence
12129:Cheap talk
12101:Strategies
11919:Preference
11848:Topics of
11683:Don Ross:
11114:Nash, John
10672:9 February
10162:5 November
10135:5 November
9780:Athenarium
9516:1901.04143
9331:Erkenntnis
8941:2111.01876
8751:31 January
8669:(9): 858.
8156:(4): 172.
7839:2007014231
7764:5 December
7610:3 February
7047:3 February
6393:: 423–433.
6102:1510.08155
5519:1504.01950
5239:References
5172:Convention
4892:The 1980s
4766:Trust game
4566:, and the
4470:convention
4450:philosophy
4401:Philosophy
4202:sex ratios
3843:Deterrence
3466:bargaining
3406:Cooperate
3398:Cooperate
3352:physicists
3201:functions
3144:functions
3089:functions
3055:functions
3015:See also:
2648:strategies
2397:or use of
2343:backgammon
2193:Time axis?
2155:Sequential
1885:A game is
1864:See also:
1722:philosophy
1716:, and the
1548:published
1409:See also:
1094:Chris Zook
1081:J.C. Wylie
1040:Gary Hamel
857:Economists
728:Schumacher
633:Schumpeter
603:von Wieser
523:von Thünen
484:economists
460:Statistics
455:Solidarity
376:Managerial
341:Humanistic
336:Historical
281:Ecological
246:Behavioral
140:Mainstream
15054:Karl Marx
14855:Land Back
14806:Enclosure
14789:biopiracy
14727:Bergregal
14709:squatting
14483:Ownership
14397:Commodity
14376:Knowledge
14287:By nature
14243:Customary
14233:Community
14115:Economics
13987:Subfields
13882:Rationing
13799:Oligopoly
13794:Monopsony
13782:Bilateral
13715:Household
13566:Convexity
13249:Geometric
13239:Algebraic
13178:Euclidean
13153:Algebraic
13049:Universal
12674:John Nash
12380:Stag hunt
12124:Collusion
11621:EMS Press
11250:122961988
10829:, Worth,
10691:MIT Press
9840:: 33–40.
9351:120848181
9106:3 January
9072:3 January
8771:MIT Sloan
8560:3 January
8376:: 12–14.
8089:Abstract.
8085:Faruk Gul
7492:22 August
7410:105204747
7373:21 August
7289:: 14–53.
7227:1207.4128
7070:(2): 62.
7020:1301.2281
6994:CiteSeerX
6832:121904640
6793:1105.0558
6754:power set
6416:(2): 31.
6094:1302.4377
5794:3 January
5658:122961988
5585:29 August
5512:: 26–39.
4944:Liu Cixin
4926:Spy Story
4913:Liar Game
4894:power pop
4854:The 1959
4836:John Nash
4826:Based on
4771:in 1995.
4755:in 1961.
4564:stag hunt
4513:Stalnaker
4494:Bicchieri
4441:Stag hunt
4164:hawk-dove
3925:Democracy
3838:Diplomacy
3833:Ceasefire
3823:Armistice
3747:Workplace
3712:Mediation
3478:duopolies
3472:pricing,
3296:prescribe
3260:economics
3219:Petri net
3183:Petri net
3072:matrices
2986:∅
2955:→
2743:and then
2577:The term
2568:Metagames
2562:Metagames
2494:evolution
2362:algebraic
1988:stag hunt
1844:In 2012,
1813:In 2007,
1736:In 1965,
1687:John Nash
1660:John Nash
1544:In 1913,
1357:evolution
1277:economics
773:Greenspan
738:Samuelson
718:Galbraith
688:Tinbergen
628:von Mises
623:Heckscher
583:Edgeworth
401:Personnel
361:Knowledge
326:Happiness
316:Financial
286:Education
261:Democracy
155:Political
121:Heterodox
64:Economics
15181:Property
15074:The Gift
14973:key work
14968:Scholars
14952:property
14909:spousal
14875:Poaching
14811:Eviction
14755:riparian
14716:Littoral
14624:easement
14602:executor
14573:literary
14498:usufruct
14446:Georgism
14326:Tangible
14321:Personal
14228:Communal
14211:By owner
14204:Property
14162:Category
14108:See also
13999:Business
13971:Marginal
13966:Expected
13907:Shortage
13902:Scarcity
13777:Monopoly
13683:Exchange
13595:Implicit
13585:Marginal
13470:Category
13226:Topology
13173:Discrete
13158:Analytic
13145:Geometry
13117:Discrete
13072:Calculus
13064:Analysis
13019:Abstract
12958:Glossary
12941:Timeline
12815:Lazy SMP
12509:Theorems
12460:Deadlock
12315:Checkers
12196:of games
11963:concepts
11766:Archived
11743:Archived
11712:Archived
11590:24979793
11440:(1990),
11306:29754824
11272:(1944),
11219:16589380
11158:16588946
11093:(1982),
11047:(1957),
11022:(1969),
11008:(1881),
10985:(1974),
10844:(1999),
10646:(2003),
10533:46979744
10513:Synthese
10447:(1994),
10383:(1969),
10321:(2003),
10264:(1986),
10239:(1957),
10229:26771869
10182:Archived
10156:Archived
10129:Archived
10102:Archived
9936:20 April
9930:Archived
9854:25452125
9790:23 April
9784:Archived
9759:23 April
9753:Archived
9686:35496996
9541:31996099
9476:Synthese
9398:(1990),
9367:(1993),
9302:(2006),
9237:22635389
9209:(2007).
9006:(1974).
8978:35161778
8904:21332497
8857:38573183
8781:23 April
8775:Archived
8745:Archived
8705:23 April
8699:Archived
8638:Archived
8619:20 April
8460:Archived
8382:40434883
8304:(1988).
8280:30032349
8254:(2006).
8210:Archived
8199:Archived
8188:Archived
8178:(2003).
8144:(1997).
8126:4 August
8110:(2008).
8092:Archived
8026:Archived
8007:Archived
7733:4 August
7727:Archived
7717:(2008).
7699:4 August
7683:(2008).
7661:(2008).
7576:10296625
7474:(2008).
7291:Archived
7174:16679934
6702:Abingdon
6574:(1990).
6510:Archived
6300:(2008).
6023:Archived
5920:(1995).
5883:14 April
5849:Archived
5819:Archived
5788:Archived
5714:(1992).
5674:(1959).
5544:59066805
5484:archived
5340:23 April
5334:Archived
5301:23 April
5295:Archived
5258:(1991).
4996:See also
4974:bluffing
4887:credible
4851:as Nash.
4670:betrays
4640:betrays
4546:view in
4515:(1999).
3764:Violence
3729:Pacifism
3462:auctions
3454:modeling
3277:such as
2842:Player 1
2806:chooses
2804:Player 1
2794:chooses
2792:Player 2
2784:chooses
2782:Player 2
2758:Player 2
2753:Player 1
2747:chooses
2745:Player 2
2739:chooses
2737:Player 1
2732:Player 2
2717:Player 1
2713:Player 2
2701:Player 1
2574:theory.
2455:method.
2258:checkers
1771:and his
1754:Harsanyi
1619:mappings
1498:Jacobite
1464:'s work
1446:—
1303:for the
1111:Concepts
978:Strategy
955:Strategy
947:a series
945:Part of
866:journals
852:Glossary
803:Stiglitz
768:Rothbard
748:Buchanan
733:Friedman
723:Koopmans
713:Leontief
693:Robinson
578:Marshall
482:Notable
430:Regional
406:Planning
381:Monetary
311:Feminist
256:Cultural
251:Business
56:a series
54:Part of
14989:The Law
14895:Slavery
14721:Mineral
14689:Hunting
14682:pannage
14677:Grazing
14662:Fishing
14548:Acequia
14515:Rivalry
14503:women's
14361:Digital
14343:Commons
14278:Unowned
14253:Private
14120:Applied
14099:Welfare
13961:Utility
13921:Surplus
13860:Pricing
13772:Duopoly
13765:Perfect
13708:Service
13676:General
13580:Average
13482:Commons
13264:Applied
13234:General
13011:Algebra
12936:History
12567:figures
12350:Chicken
12204:Auction
12194:Classes
11730:at the
11687:in the
11623:, 2001
11581:4115542
11558:Bibcode
11323:: 501–4
11286:Bibcode
11210:1063912
11187:Bibcode
11149:1063129
11126:Bibcode
10923:8 March
10437:4224989
10417:Bibcode
10308:5737352
10201:Sources
10188:8 April
10077:25 July
9973:2950422
9677:9039031
9521:Bibcode
9098:(ed.).
9064:(ed.).
9043:4459582
9023:Bibcode
8969:8838118
8946:Bibcode
8928:Sensors
8884:Bibcode
8849:2706903
8417:2232276
8288:3490729
8196:preview
8082:. 2008.
8034:preview
8004:206–242
7568:2555656
6948:1844682
6880:1893272
5524:Bibcode
5478:],
5436:choice.
5384:Bibcode
5212:of the
4982:mahjong
4647:silent
4645:A stays
4635:silent
4633:B stays
4482:meaning
4456: (
4370:on the
4324:and in
4306:⁄
4296:⁄
4185:fitness
4181:biology
4156:60, 60
4153:40, 80
4145:80, 40
4142:20, 20
3856:Nuclear
3798:studies
3680:Auction
3528:utility
3423:-5, −5
3420:0, −10
3417:Defect
3412:-10, 0
3409:-1, −1
3401:Defect
3344:physics
2639:payoffs
2634:actions
2626:players
2528:(MDP).
2081:outcome
1984:chicken
1765:biology
1756:became
1525:duopoly
1510:minimax
1478:Huygens
1462:Cardano
1449:Sun Tzu
1421:Sun Tzu
1387:History
1305:science
1067:Sun Tzu
872:Schools
864: (
823:Piketty
818:Krugman
683:Kuznets
673:Kalecki
648:Polanyi
538:Cournot
533:Bastiat
518:Ricardo
508:Malthus
498:Quesnay
470:Welfare
440:Service
111:Applied
87:Outline
82:History
14870:Piracy
14822:Farhud
14650:Rights
14591:Huerta
14563:Estate
14385:Theory
14366:Global
14268:Social
14258:Public
14223:Common
13945:Supply
13936:Demand
13872:Profit
13740:Market
13602:Social
13183:Finite
13039:Linear
12946:Future
12922:Major
11736:Papers
11588:
11578:
11527:
11452:
11427:
11380:
11357:
11304:
11278:Nature
11248:
11217:
11207:
11156:
11146:
11103:
11076:
11030:
10960:
10941:
10914:
10893:
10873:
10856:
10833:
10815:
10789:
10768:
10748:
10720:
10697:
10658:
10601:
10583:
10565:
10547:
10531:
10498:
10476:
10455:
10435:
10409:Nature
10392:
10369:
10351:
10329:
10306:
10276:
10227:
9993:
9971:
9852:
9727:
9684:
9674:
9637:Medium
9614:
9539:
9457:
9406:
9379:
9349:
9310:
9283:
9235:
9129:
9041:
8976:
8966:
8902:
8855:
8847:
8591:
8529:1 July
8519:INSEAD
8496:
8415:
8380:
8351:
8323:423–59
8315:vii–ix
8286:
8278:
8234:
8062:
8002:, pp.
7982:
7957:
7894:
7868:
7837:
7827:
7641:
7574:
7566:
7530:
7408:
7203:
7172:
7162:
6996:
6990:In UAI
6946:
6878:
6868:
6830:
6679:
6654:
6618:
6590:
6551:
6467:
6368:
6344:
6314:
6281:
6253:
6180:
6155:
6122:
6058:
5995:
5961:
5928:
5759:
5726:
5694:
5656:
5610:
5570:]
5542:
5431:284857
5429:
5326:
5270:
5210:JEL:C7
5195:, and
4978:climax
4906:
4858:novel
4840:biopic
4531:ethics
4520:ethics
4509:Skyrms
4059:, and
3512:, and
3458:agents
3034:Means
2895:matrix
2685:vertex
2277:bridge
2264:, and
2040:–2, 2
2029:3, −3
2026:–1, 1
1821:, and
1704:, the
1506:le her
1474:Pascal
808:Thaler
788:Ostrom
783:Becker
778:Sowell
758:Baumol
663:Myrdal
658:Sraffa
653:Frisch
643:Knight
638:Keynes
613:Fisher
608:Veblen
593:Pareto
573:Menger
568:George
563:Jevons
558:Walras
548:Gossen
416:Public
411:Policy
366:Labour
331:Health
188:Market
40:MatPat
14959:Theft
14745:Water
14639:title
14568:legal
14556:Ejido
14294:Croft
14273:State
14238:Crown
14064:Labor
14049:Green
13821:Price
13703:Goods
13693:Firms
13410:lists
12953:Lists
12926:areas
12305:Chess
12292:Games
11396:(PDF)
11302:S2CID
11246:S2CID
11053:Wiley
10529:S2CID
10433:S2CID
10304:S2CID
10225:S2CID
9969:JSTOR
9511:arXiv
9347:S2CID
9233:S2CID
9094:. In
9060:. In
9011:(PDF)
8936:arXiv
8853:S2CID
8845:JSTOR
8413:JSTOR
8378:JSTOR
8284:S2CID
8276:JSTOR
8015:et al
7605:Perth
7597:(PDF)
7564:JSTOR
7560:Wiley
7558:(1).
7406:S2CID
7336:Topoi
7294:(PDF)
7279:(PDF)
7222:arXiv
7170:S2CID
7117:(PDF)
7041:(PDF)
7015:arXiv
6944:S2CID
6876:S2CID
6828:S2CID
6788:arXiv
6513:(PDF)
6506:(PDF)
6410:Games
6098:arXiv
6090:arXiv
6026:(PDF)
6019:(PDF)
5877:(PDF)
5870:(PDF)
5852:(PDF)
5845:(PDF)
5654:S2CID
5636:[
5579:(PDF)
5572:(PDF)
5566:[
5540:S2CID
5514:arXiv
5508:(1).
5487:(PDF)
5482:(2),
5474:[
5468:(PDF)
5427:JSTOR
5154:Notes
5132:Lists
4918:manga
4896:band
4435:2, 2
4432:2, 0
4429:Hare
4424:0, 2
4421:3, 3
4418:Stag
4413:Hare
4410:Stag
4322:logic
4150:Dove
4139:Hawk
4134:Dove
4131:Hawk
3892:Other
3348:ideal
3339:model
3312:Plato
3234:2012
3215:2008
3212:PNSI
3198:2007
3179:2006
3164:logic
3160:2005
3141:2003
3124:2001
3107:logic
3103:1997
3100:Gala
3086:1994
3069:1994
3052:1973
3042:Time
3031:Year
3028:Name
2796:Right
2720:'
2681:trees
2381:, is
2364:(and
2273:poker
2262:chess
2074:chess
2062:Poker
2037:0, 0
1962:1, 2
1959:0, 0
1951:0, 0
1948:1, 2
1427:. In
1281:logic
845:Lists
813:Hoppe
798:Lucas
763:Solow
753:Arrow
743:Simon
708:Lange
703:Hicks
678:Röpke
668:Hayek
618:Pigou
588:Clark
503:Smith
465:Urban
445:Socio
435:Rural
135:Macro
131:Micro
92:Index
14942:poll
14925:wage
14694:Land
14578:real
14331:real
14263:Self
13978:Wage
13887:Rent
13855:Free
13607:Sunk
13575:Cost
13568:and
11986:Core
11738:for
11655:2003
11586:PMID
11525:ISBN
11450:ISBN
11425:ISBN
11378:ISBN
11355:ISBN
11215:PMID
11154:PMID
11101:ISBN
11074:ISBN
11028:ISBN
10958:ISBN
10939:ISBN
10925:2016
10912:ISBN
10891:ISBN
10871:ISBN
10854:ISBN
10831:ISBN
10813:ISBN
10787:ISBN
10766:ISBN
10746:ISBN
10718:ISBN
10695:ISBN
10674:2011
10656:ISBN
10599:ISBN
10581:ISBN
10563:ISBN
10545:ISBN
10496:ISBN
10474:ISBN
10453:ISBN
10390:ISBN
10367:ISBN
10349:ISBN
10327:ISBN
10274:ISBN
10190:2023
10164:2022
10137:2022
10110:2022
10079:2018
9991:ISBN
9938:2021
9926:OECD
9850:PMID
9792:2023
9761:2023
9725:ISBN
9682:PMID
9612:ISBN
9537:PMID
9455:ISBN
9404:ISBN
9377:ISBN
9308:ISBN
9281:ISBN
9127:ISBN
9108:2013
9074:2013
9039:PMID
8974:PMID
8900:PMID
8880:1219
8783:2023
8753:2016
8707:2023
8621:2023
8589:ISBN
8562:2013
8531:2012
8494:ISBN
8349:ISBN
8232:ISBN
8207:link
8128:2011
8060:ISBN
7980:ISBN
7955:ISBN
7892:ISBN
7876:and
7866:ISBN
7835:LCCN
7825:ISBN
7766:2011
7735:2011
7701:2011
7639:ISBN
7612:2023
7572:PMID
7528:ISBN
7494:2011
7375:2008
7201:ISBN
7160:ISBN
7049:2023
6866:ISBN
6677:ISBN
6652:ISBN
6616:ISBN
6588:ISBN
6549:ISBN
6465:ISBN
6366:ISBN
6342:ISBN
6312:ISBN
6310:–3.
6279:ISBN
6251:ISBN
6178:ISBN
6153:ISBN
6120:ISBN
6096:and
6056:ISBN
5993:ISBN
5959:ISBN
5926:ISBN
5885:2020
5827:2016
5796:2013
5757:ISBN
5724:ISBN
5692:ISBN
5608:ISBN
5587:2019
5342:2023
5324:ISBN
5303:2023
5268:ISBN
4702:The
4582:)).
4580:1998
4576:2004
4572:1996
4554:and
4462:1967
4458:1960
4358:and
4219:and
4166:game
4162:The
3569:The
3538:and
3306:and
3226:Yes
3207:Yes
3095:Yes
2904:Left
2846:Down
2786:Left
2632:and
2604:and
2360:and
2275:and
2106:and
2072:and
1879:and
1848:and
1802:and
1783:and
1724:and
1702:core
1673:and
1476:and
1379:and
1287:and
1224:VRIO
1180:OGSM
1162:SWOT
829:more
553:Marx
543:Mill
528:List
14932:Tax
14657:Air
14069:Law
12565:Key
11576:PMC
11566:doi
11554:111
11517:doi
11497:doi
11408:doi
11294:doi
11282:157
11259:42.
11238:doi
11234:100
11205:PMC
11195:doi
11144:PMC
11134:doi
10521:doi
10425:doi
10413:246
10296:doi
10217:doi
9961:doi
9904:doi
9877:doi
9842:doi
9815:doi
9717:doi
9672:PMC
9664:doi
9587:doi
9529:doi
9484:doi
9480:141
9432:doi
9339:doi
9223:doi
9188:doi
9031:doi
8964:PMC
8954:doi
8892:doi
8837:doi
8810:doi
8671:doi
8581:doi
8435:doi
8405:doi
8341:doi
8319:5–6
8268:doi
8158:doi
8052:doi
7947:doi
7921:doi
7884:doi
7858:doi
7792:doi
7631:doi
7520:doi
7454:doi
7398:doi
7344:doi
7255:doi
7193:doi
7152:doi
7129:doi
7072:doi
6971:doi
6936:doi
6907:doi
6903:126
6858:doi
6820:doi
6756:of
6644:doi
6580:doi
6428:hdl
6418:doi
6145:doi
6048:doi
5951:doi
5749:doi
5646:doi
5642:100
5532:doi
5419:doi
5392:doi
5208:At
4942:by
4929:by
4864:by
4830:by
4674:−10
4662:−10
4558:).
4529:In
4464:),
4374:of
4238:).
4232:'s
4204:. (
3793:War
3690:Law
3243:No
3190:No
3171:No
3156:GDL
3150:No
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