1108:
45:
962:
543:
366:
1038:
of a GABA-A receptor thus leads to efflux of Cl ions from the cell (that is, a depolarizing current). The differential gradient of chloride in immature neurons was shown to be primarily due to the higher concentration of NKCC1 co-transporters relative to KCC2 co-transporters in immature cells. GABAergic interneurons mature faster in the hippocampus and the GABA machinery appears earlier than glutamatergic transmission. Thus, GABA is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter in many regions of the brain before the
54:
1706:
1798:
819:
1437:(HGH). GABA directly injected to the brain has been reported to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the production of growth hormone, depending on the physiology of the individual. Consequently, considering the potential biphasic effects of GABA on growth hormone production, as well as other safety concerns, its usage is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.
1015:
ions across the membrane of the cell. Whether this chloride flow is depolarizing (makes the voltage across the cell's membrane less negative), shunting (has no effect on the cell's membrane potential), or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing (makes the cell's membrane more negative) depends on the direction of
1037:
GABA is an inhibitory transmitter in the mature brain; its actions were thought to be primarily excitatory in the developing brain. The gradient of chloride was reported to be reversed in immature neurons, with its reversal potential higher than the resting membrane potential of the cell; activation
1024:
of the cell's membrane. Shunting inhibition can "override" the excitatory effect of depolarising GABA, resulting in overall inhibition even if the membrane potential becomes less negative. It was thought that a developmental switch in the molecular machinery controlling the concentration of chloride
3361:
Ben-Othman N, Vieira A, Courtney M, Record F, Gjernes E, Avolio F, Hadzic B, Druelle N, Napolitano T, Navarro-Sanz S, Silvano S, Al-Hasani K, Pfeifer A, Lacas-Gervais S, Leuckx G, Marroquí L, Thévenet J, Madsen OD, Eizirik DL, Heimberg H, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Mansouri A, Collombat P (2017).
1261:
calculations. In the solid state, an extended conformation is found, with a trans conformation at the amino end and a gauche conformation at the carboxyl end. This is due to the packing interactions with the neighboring molecules. In solution, five different conformations, some folded and some
1266:
effects. The conformational flexibility of GABA is important for its biological function, as it has been found to bind to different receptors with different conformations. Many GABA analogues with pharmaceutical applications have more rigid structures in order to control the binding better.
1299:
1195:
Experiments on mice have shown that hypothyroidism induced by fluoride poisoning can be halted by administering GABA. The test also found that the thyroid recovered naturally without further assistance after the fluoride had been expelled by the GABA.
8384:
1016:
the flow of chloride. When net chloride flows out of the cell, GABA is depolarising; when chloride flows into the cell, GABA is inhibitory or hyperpolarizing. When the net flow of chloride is close to zero, the action of GABA is shunting.
8203:
3729:
Xiang YY, Wang S, Liu M, Hirota JA, Li J, Ju W, Fan Y, Kelly MM, Ye B, Orser B, O'Byrne PM, Inman MD, Yang X, Lu WY (July 2007). "A GABAergic system in airway epithelium is essential for mucus overproduction in asthma".
1256:
depends on its environment. In the gas phase, a highly folded conformation is strongly favored due to the electrostatic attraction between the two functional groups. The stabilization is about 50 kcal/mol, according to
1471:(as it has both a primary amine and a carboxylic acid functional group), it is rarely referred to as such in the professional, scientific, or medical community. By convention the term "amino acid", when used without a
8830:
8208:
8780:
7695:
8941:
7720:
8933:
8860:
8835:
1285:
In 1959, it was shown that at an inhibitory synapse on crayfish muscle fibers GABA acts like stimulation of the inhibitory nerve. Both inhibition by nerve stimulation and by applied GABA are blocked by
5243:
Mihic SJ, Ye Q, Wick MJ, Koltchine VV, Krasowski MD, Finn SE, Mascia MP, Valenzuela CF, Hanson KK, Greenblatt EP, Harris RA, Harrison NL (1997). "Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABA
1001:, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts. In addition to fast-acting phasic inhibition, small amounts of extracellular GABA can induce slow timescale tonic inhibition on neurons.
8253:
8903:
7135:
8840:
7734:
5301:
Boehm SL, Ponomarev I, Jennings AW, Whiting PJ, Rosahl TW, Garrett EM, Blednov YA, Harris RA (2004). "γ-Aminobutyric acid a receptor subunit mutant mice: New perspectives on alcohol actions".
8845:
3009:
Obrietan K, Gao XB, Van Den Pol AN (August 2002). "Excitatory actions of GABA increase BDNF expression via a MAPK-CREB-dependent mechanism—a positive feedback circuit in developing neurons".
4880:
Pinna G, Costa E, Guidotti A (June 2006). "Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine stereospecifically and selectively increase brain neurosteroid content at doses that are inactive on 5-HT reuptake".
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
3320:
Purwana I, Zheng J, Li X, Deurloo M, Son DO, Zhang Z, Liang C, Shen E, Tadkase A, Feng ZP, Li Y, Hasilo C, Paraskevas S, Bortell R, Greiner DL, Atkinson M, Prud'homme GJ, Wang Q (2014).
8850:
8825:
9365:
4423:"The influence of GABA on the synthesis of N-acetylserotonin, melatonin, O-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophol and O-acetyl-5-methoxytryptophol in the pineal gland of the male Wistar rat"
8627:
8642:
6557:
9507:
8908:
8775:
7690:
7660:
9681:
8855:
8888:
4078:
Sequerra, E. B.; Gardino, P.; Hedin-Pereira, C.; de Mello, F. G. (2007-05-11). "Putrescine as an important source of GABA in the postnatal rat subventricular zone".
6255:
1459:) in rats. It is thus suspected that GABA is involved in the synthesis of melatonin and thus might exert regulatory effects on sleep and reproductive functions.
9896:
9859:
9358:
2915:"GABA expression dominates neuronal lineage progression in the embryonic rat neocortex and facilitates neurite outgrowth via GABA(A) autoreceptor/Cl channels"
9911:
9548:
9422:
9257:
8928:
8873:
7525:
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Ben-Ari Y, Gaiarsa JL, Tyzio R, Khazipov R (October 2007). "GABA: a pioneer transmitter that excites immature neurons and generates primitive oscillations".
4702:
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3154:
Rorsman P, Berggren PO, Bokvist K, Ericson H, Möhler H, Ostenson CG, Smith PA (1989). "Glucose-inhibition of glucagon secretion involves activation of GABA
8138:
3847:
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3212:
Soltani N, Qiu H, Aleksic M, Glinka Y, Zhao F, Liu R, Li Y, Zhang N, Chakrabarti R, Ng T, Jin T, Zhang H, Lu WY, Feng ZP, Prud'homme GJ, Wang Q (2011).
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Szabadics J, Varga C, Molnár G, Oláh S, Barzó P, Tamás G (January 2006). "Excitatory effect of GABAergic axo-axonic cells in cortical microcircuits".
9351:
9331:
8727:
8374:
8334:
7530:
5587:
1716:
1153:
GABA can promote the replication and survival of β-cells and also promote the conversion of α-cells to β-cells, which may lead to new treatments for
8068:
1410:
drugs), or increase the available amount of GABA, typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety, and anti-convulsive effects (with equivalent efficacy to
8587:
3929:
W. G. Van der Kloot; J. Robbins (1959). "The effects of GABA and picrotoxin on the junctional potential and the contraction of crayfish muscle".
1433:, can be reached by drugs such as systemically injected GABA. At least one study suggests that orally administered GABA increases the amount of
2012:
5874:
Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Xu B, Bose J, Kaur S, Conn V, Domingos P, Ullah S, Wege S, Shabala S, Feijó JA, Ryan PR, Gilliham M, Gillham M (2015).
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1020:
has no direct effect on the membrane potential of the cell; however, it reduces the effect of any coincident synaptic input by reducing the
8394:
8158:
5100:
1535:
592:
9848:
9522:
9502:
9320:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
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Koh, Wuhyun; Kwak, Hankyul; Cheong, Eunji; Lee, C. Justin (2023-07-26). "GABA tone regulation and its cognitive functions in the brain".
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1107:
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3446:
Yang H, Xing R, Liu S, Yu H, Li P (2016). "γ-Aminobutyric acid ameliorates fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in male
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3800:"GAD isoforms exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in the developing mouse lens: correlation with Dlx2 and Dlx5"
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5858:
5585:
Jira, Reinhard; Kopp, Erwin; McKusick, Blaine C.; Röderer, Gerhard; Bosch, Axel; Fleischmann, Gerald. "Chloroacetaldehydes".
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2570:
2537:
2204:
2069:
1049:
In the developmental stages preceding the formation of synaptic contacts, GABA is synthesized by neurons and acts both as an
1021:
414:
8692:
1479:. GABA is not an alpha amino acid, meaning the amino group is not attached to the alpha carbon. Nor is it incorporated into
6836:
4673:
Herd MB, Belelli D, Lambert JJ (October 2007). "Neurosteroid modulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors".
891:
in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the
8757:
1383:
9665:
4464:"Sexually dimorphic modulation of GABA(A) receptor currents by melatonin in rats gonadotropin–releasing hormone neurons"
9906:
5604:
2083:
1160:
Alongside GABAergic mechanisms, GABA has also been detected in other peripheral tissues including intestines, stomach,
9343:
3680:
Bhandage AK, Jin Z, Korol SV, Shen Q, Pei Y, Deng Q, Espes D, Carlsson PO, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Birnir B (April 2018).
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8810:
7430:
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2223:
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1735:
1206:
immune responses and promote "regulatory" immune responses, such that GABA administration has been shown to inhibit
6213:
1777:
1637:
3095:"Adult and embryonic GAD transcripts are spatiotemporally regulated during postnatal development in the rat brain"
839:
9891:
9881:
6711:
5876:"GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters"
5751:
Awad R, Muhammad A, Durst T, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT (August 2009). "Bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (
2631:
Marín O, Rubenstein JL (November 2001). "A long, remarkable journey: tangential migration in the telencephalon".
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Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review
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Kwakowsky A, Schwirtlich M, Zhang Q, Eisenstat DD, Erdélyi F, Baranyi M, Katarova ZD, Szabó G (December 2007).
2225:"Cryo-EM structure of the benzodiazepine-sensitive α1β1γ2S tri-heteromeric GABAA receptor in complex with GABA"
763:
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6805:
6291:
2823:"GABA itself promotes the developmental switch of neuronal GABAergic responses from excitation to inhibition"
1330:
1756:
9834:
9397:
9313:
7155:
7130:
6770:
6645:
6264:
5984:
Park DH, Mirabella R, Bronstein PA, Preston GM, Haring MA, Lim CK, Collmer A, Schuurink RC (October 2010).
1990:
1969:
1275:
In 1883, GABA was first synthesized, and it was first known only as a plant and microbe metabolic product.
1029:
and adult stages. As the brain develops into adulthood, GABA's role changes from excitatory to inhibitory.
500:
361:
5379:"The anti-convulsant stiripentol acts directly on the GABA(A) receptor as a positive allosteric modulator"
2913:
Maric D, Liu QY, Maric I, Chaudry S, Chang YH, Smith SV, Sieghart W, Fritschy JM, Barker JL (April 2001).
8717:
6368:
1868:
521:
9901:
6704:
5071:"Neurosteroids — Endogenous Regulators of Seizure Susceptibility and Role in the Treatment of Epilepsy"
950:
722:
53:
1763:
1139:. The β-cells secrete GABA along with insulin and the GABA binds to GABA receptors on the neighboring
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9107:
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2774:"Differential response of cortical plate and ventricular zone cells to GABA as a migration stimulus"
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Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Xu B (2016). "γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in plants".
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3633:"Oral GABA treatment downregulates inflammatory responses in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis"
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Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders".
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8339:
7268:
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6800:
6660:
6650:
6573:
5428:"Bicuculline and gabazine are allosteric inhibitors of channel opening of the GABAA receptor"
2587:
2444:"The role and the mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid during central nervous system development"
2194:
1592:
1371:
1213:
In 2018, GABA has shown to regulate secretion of a greater number of cytokines. In plasma of
946:
709:
31:
4749:"Characterization of brain neurons that express enzymes mediating neurosteroid biosynthesis"
4747:
Agís-Balboa RC, Pinna G, Zhubi A, Maloku E, Veldic M, Costa E, Guidotti A (September 2006).
4638:
3533:"Different subtypes of GABA-A receptors are expressed in human, mouse and rat T lymphocytes"
2554:
1355:, but more current research describes the notion as being unclear pending further research.
1228:. The system is activated by exposure to allergens and may participate in the mechanisms of
9759:
9062:
8582:
8218:
7729:
7195:
7170:
6790:
6785:
6670:
6459:
6077:
5887:
5488:
5256:
5197:
5041:
4760:
4711:
4048:
3544:
3225:
3214:"GABA exerts protective and regenerative effects on islet beta cells and reverses diabetes"
3167:
3108:
2346:
2295:
1434:
1399:
509:
183:
9691:
1116:
8:
9696:
9632:
9112:
9092:
8576:
8213:
7917:
7739:
7630:
6619:
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3229:
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3112:
2350:
2299:
542:
365:
283:
227:
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7973:
7935:
7459:
7175:
7016:
6995:
6944:
6194:
6169:
6151:
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6065:
5966:
5908:
5875:
5823:
5780:
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2224:
2170:
2143:
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1928:
1690:
1560:
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1207:
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are ligand-activated chloride channels: when activated by GABA, they allow the flow of
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7585:
6985:
6959:
6685:
6593:
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5854:
5815:
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5682:
5678:
5647:
5600:
5559:
5551:
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5511:
5476:
5457:
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5394:
5357:
5347:
5318:
5272:
5225:
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5152:
5078:
5057:
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4971:
4934:
4897:
4860:
4831:
4788:
4727:
4690:
4686:
4650:
4611:
4562:
4552:
4510:
4485:
4444:
4403:
4344:
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4095:
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2983:
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2887:
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5020:
4983:
4946:
4872:
4574:
4356:
4115:
3977:
3833:
3432:
2899:
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9744:
9553:
9406:
9386:
9047:
8800:
8458:
8258:
8188:
8023:
7921:
7753:
7634:
7389:
7346:
7140:
6727:
6451:
6189:
6181:
6146:
6138:
6093:
6085:
6038:
6001:
5948:
5940:
5903:
5895:
5846:
5827:
5807:
5764:
5725:
5674:
5637:
5592:
5543:
5506:
5496:
5447:
5439:
5398:
5390:
5339:
5310:
5284:
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5215:
5205:
5144:
5077:(4th ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
5049:
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4813:
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4768:
4739:
4719:
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4623:
4601:
4544:
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4434:
4393:
4383:
4334:
4295:
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4222:
4187:
4150:
4142:
4087:
4044:
3996:
3957:
3856:
3811:
3759:
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3701:
3693:
3652:
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3552:
3517:
3497:
3455:
3412:
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3333:
3292:
3284:
3243:
3233:
3175:
3126:
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3065:
3057:
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2995:
2975:
2934:
2926:
2879:
2856:
2834:
2793:
2785:
2744:
2736:
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2687:
2676:"GABA and glutamate depolarize cortical progenitor cells and inhibit DNA synthesis"
2660:
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2595:
2500:
2463:
2455:
2397:
2354:
2323:
2303:
2254:
2236:
2165:
2155:
2113:
1995:
1663:
1476:
1127:
Besides the nervous system, GABA is also produced at relatively high levels in the
1084:
866:
698:
615:
155:
71:
6042:
5716:
receptors are involved in behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)".
5596:
5030:"Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor"
4372:"United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Safety Review of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)"
4299:
4178:
Foster AC, Kemp JA (February 2006). "Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics".
3273:"γ-Aminobutyric acid regulates both the survival and replication of human β-cells"
3195:
2144:"Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior"
1770:
973:
neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate.
9734:
8559:
8468:
8433:
8101:
8083:
8008:
7965:
7828:
7341:
6373:
6333:
5811:
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5148:
4339:
4322:
3648:
3557:
3121:
1659:
1341:
1181:
1161:
1065:
998:
392:
6233:
4930:
4548:
4480:
4463:
3697:
3608:
3591:
473:
9637:
9578:
9568:
9543:
9477:
9142:
9037:
8087:
7957:
7852:
7778:
7743:
7403:
7021:
6964:
6929:
6795:
6531:
6437:
6281:
5850:
5070:
4753:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4323:"Growth hormone isoform responses to GABA ingestion at rest and after exercise"
4191:
4035:
Krantis, Anthony (2000-12-01). "GABA in the
Mammalian Enteric Nervous System".
3380:
3363:
2504:
2401:
2002:
1572:
1544:
1367:
1092:
1061:
also contribute greatly to building up the GABAergic cortical cell population.
1004:
940:
927:
881:
810:
7949:
5944:
5314:
4893:
3459:
3022:
2459:
1731:
796:
9921:
9875:
9784:
9764:
9716:
9655:
9645:
9467:
9052:
8742:
8549:
8437:
8418:
8354:
8281:
8193:
8143:
8109:
8072:
8033:
7983:
7823:
7818:
7808:
7772:
7675:
7610:
7560:
7509:
7453:
7394:
7321:
7036:
6765:
6680:
6497:
6142:
5555:
4099:
4056:
3961:
2409:
2250:
2160:
1999:
1980:
1975:
1898:
1682:
1650:
1646:
1403:
1379:
920:
687:
677:
354:
5210:
5053:
4773:
3322:"GABA promotes human β-cell proliferation and modulates glucose homeostasis"
3238:
2358:
9749:
9447:
9009:
8980:
8974:
8785:
8572:
8535:
8531:
8453:
8349:
8037:
8012:
7988:
7710:
7515:
7422:
7375:
7355:
7210:
7077:
7000:
6902:
6590:
6525:
6396:
6203:
6160:
6107:
6050:
6015:
5962:
5917:
5819:
5776:
5737:
5708:
Dimitrijevic N, Dzitoyeva S, Satta R, Imbesi M, Yildiz S, Manev H (2005). "
5686:
5651:
5520:
5501:
5412:
5361:
5322:
5229:
5166:
5082:
4975:
4938:
4901:
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4792:
4731:
4694:
4615:
4566:
4489:
4439:
4422:
4407:
4348:
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4269:
4234:
4199:
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4107:
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4018:
3969:
3825:
3751:
3715:
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3617:
3576:
3509:
3467:
3389:
3347:
3306:
3257:
3140:
3079:
3030:
2987:
2963:
2948:
2848:
2758:
2652:
2617:
2529:
The
Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle: Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Homeostasis
2512:
2477:
2417:
2366:
2268:
2179:
1854:
1580:
1548:
1414:
based on studies of mice). Many of the substances below are known to cause
1203:
9538:
9427:
9017:
6862:
6409:
6404:
5563:
5461:
5276:
5139:
Vanlersberghe, C; Camu, F (2008). "Etomidate and Other Non-Barbiturates".
5061:
5012:
4448:
3424:
3187:
2964:"Excitatory actions of gaba during development: the nature of the nurture"
2891:
2807:
2701:
2553:
Purves D, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Augustine GJ, Lamantia AS, eds. (2007).
2315:
2125:
9813:
9805:
9583:
9262:
9187:
9122:
8961:
8898:
8805:
8747:
8657:
8527:
8518:
8478:
8133:
8128:
8117:
8113:
8063:
8053:
7940:
7925:
7907:
7802:
7768:
7625:
7575:
7555:
7505:
7200:
6872:
6775:
6639:
6299:
6089:
5986:"Mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase genes in plants or
5143:. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 182. pp. 267–82.
4590:"How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates"
4261:
2674:
LoTurco JJ, Owens DF, Heath MJ, Davis MB, Kriegstein AR (December 1995).
2281:
1955:
of tomatoes. Evidence also suggests a role in cell signalling in plants.
1686:
1605:
1588:
1556:
1540:
1523:
1411:
1333:
neurotransmitter) into GABA (the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter).
1221:
are increased and of those, 16 are inhibited by GABA in the cell assays.
1199:
899:
8273:
6223:
6170:"Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies"
4723:
3046:"GABA regulates stem cell proliferation before nervous system formation"
2772:
Behar TN, Schaffner AE, Scott CA, O'Connell C, Barker JL (August 1998).
2241:
1951:
GABA is also found in plants. It is the most abundant amino acid in the
343:
9774:
9769:
9738:
9724:
9706:
9588:
9497:
9457:
9432:
9382:
9147:
9057:
8966:
8956:
8815:
8632:
8622:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8564:
8543:
8513:
8448:
8428:
8422:
8324:
8291:
8285:
8277:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8153:
8105:
8078:
8043:
8018:
7877:
7872:
7866:
7813:
7762:
7758:
7645:
7500:
7242:
7150:
7031:
7026:
7008:
6954:
6735:
6675:
6606:
6503:
6423:
6358:
6304:
5953:
5899:
5642:
5621:
5534:
Whitwam, J. G.; Amrein, R. (1995-01-01). "Pharmacology of flumazenil".
5426:
Ueno, S; Bracamontes, J; Zorumski, C; Weiss, DS; Steinbach, JH (1997).
5098:
4388:
4146:
3816:
3799:
3271:
Tian J, Dang H, Chen Z, Guan A, Jin Y, Atkinson MA, Kaufman DL (2013).
2007:
1906:
1902:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1858:
1734:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
1642:
1617:
1468:
1441:
1337:
1322:
1287:
1245:
1225:
1143:
863:
646:
404:
374:
314:
7190:
6185:
6029:
Bouché N, Fromm H (March 2004). "GABA in plants: just a metabolite?".
5338:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 54. Elsevier. pp. 171–203.
5028:
Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul SM (May 1986).
4606:
4589:
3338:
3321:
3288:
2594:. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 71. pp. 27–62.
1351:
Historically it was thought that exogenous GABA did not penetrate the
1111:
mRNA expression of the embryonic variant of the GABA-producing enzyme
9711:
9573:
9512:
9282:
9277:
9267:
9227:
9172:
9157:
9137:
9132:
9117:
8913:
8883:
8790:
8770:
8765:
8617:
8539:
8473:
8443:
8414:
8344:
8329:
8296:
8263:
8027:
8003:
7961:
7953:
7912:
7902:
7886:
7882:
7858:
7843:
7838:
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7715:
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7655:
7640:
7615:
7595:
7550:
7259:
7063:
6969:
6882:
6601:
6520:
6515:
6273:
5768:
4541:
GABAA Receptors and the
Diversity in their Structure and Pharmacology
4506:
The Brain, the
Nervous System, and Their Diseases [3 volumes]
3948:
Petroff OA (December 2002). "GABA and glutamate in the human brain".
3179:
2644:
2307:
2075:
1914:
1910:
1880:
1862:
1838:
1630:
1568:
1527:
1472:
1456:
1445:
1307:
1263:
1173:
1132:
1054:
1050:
1043:
970:
954:
6696:
6066:"Does GABA Act as a Signal in Plants?: Hints from Molecular Studies"
5334:
Receptor
Subunit Selectivity of Alcohol Actions". In Enna SJ (ed.).
5029:
4856:
4077:
1298:
1224:
In 2007, an excitatory GABAergic system was described in the airway
1087:. GABA can influence the development of neural progenitor cells via
809:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
9523:
9492:
9472:
9462:
9272:
9202:
9192:
9152:
9127:
9067:
8970:
8878:
8752:
8682:
8637:
8568:
8508:
8493:
8408:
8369:
8268:
8148:
8057:
7997:
7977:
7969:
7862:
7848:
7832:
7782:
7680:
7670:
7650:
7620:
7604:
7495:
7180:
7044:
6949:
6760:
6537:
6491:
3743:
3099:
2979:
1985:
1952:
1842:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1694:
1609:
1584:
1564:
1515:
1480:
1375:
1366:
enzymes catalyze the conversion of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and
1249:
1218:
1202:
express receptors for GABA and administration of GABA can suppress
1154:
1147:
1136:
1026:
1012:
434:
334:
5268:
3797:
1278:
In 1950, GABA was discovered as an integral part of the mammalian
250:
9563:
9452:
9177:
9162:
9072:
8985:
8712:
8672:
8667:
8592:
8503:
8483:
8399:
8048:
7788:
7704:
7685:
7520:
7380:
7296:
6892:
6877:
6867:
6857:
6810:
6780:
6625:
6383:
2017:
1613:
1576:
1177:
1169:
1128:
1073:
667:
460:
8228:
8223:
5707:
4919:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
2771:
2141:
9602:
9487:
9437:
9042:
7993:
7896:
7600:
6887:
6815:
6387:
6345:
5099:
Toraskar, Mrunmayee; Pratima R.P. Singh; Shashank Neve (2010).
1678:
1311:
1233:
1229:
1165:
986:
982:
877:
870:
294:
121:
5755:
L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity".
5027:
3360:
2552:
2196:
Generalized Non-Convulsive Epilepsy: Focus on GABA-B Receptors
100:
9087:
8737:
8463:
8313:
7929:
7545:
7109:
6915:
6589:
5983:
5300:
4641:
Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects
3928:
3153:
1189:
1185:
1112:
1099:, causing cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, limiting growth.
994:
990:
484:
274:
240:
6208:
Clinical disorders known to affect inherited GABA metabolism
5425:
4420:
3995:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 160. pp. 9–19.
3590:
Tian J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Chau CH, Dang HN, Kaufman DL (2004).
1025:
inside the cell changes the functional role of GABA between
526:
112:
9182:
8995:
8677:
8647:
8389:
8379:
8319:
8309:
8305:
7892:
5329:
5073:. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al. (eds.).
4746:
4370:
Oketch-Rabah HA, Madden EF, Roe AL, Betz JM (August 2021).
3876:
Molecular Orbital Calculations for Amino Acids and Peptides
2869:
2490:
1674:
1519:
425:
170:
106:
91:
86:
8693:
5179:
3093:
Popp A, Urbach A, Witte OW, Frahm C (2009). Reh TA (ed.).
2192:
1192:, albeit at much lower levels than in neurons or β-cells.
8097:
5845:. Vol. 79. New Jersey: Humana Press. p. 91–96.
4701:
4543:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 79. pp. 1–34.
4369:
4321:
Powers ME, Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Borst SE (January 2008).
2193:
Marescaux, C.; Vergnes, M.; Bernasconi, R. (2013-03-08).
1927:
of GABA and can be converted into GABA by the actions of
1214:
164:
161:
141:
135:
124:
80:
77:
9666:
5750:
4990:
2336:
1252:
group deprotonated and the amino group protonated). Its
5930:
3682:"+ T Cells and Is Immunosuppressive in Type 1 Diabetes"
3211:
2723:
Haydar TF, Wang F, Schwartz ML, Rakic P (August 2000).
2722:
2381:
27:
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
9019:
7477:
6167:
5797:
5186:: adult RNA interference and pharmacological evidence"
4461:
4320:
3993:
Gaba and the Basal Ganglia - from Molecules to Systems
3990:
3530:
3008:
2820:
2673:
993:
and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain
6168:
Parviz M, Vogel K, Gibson KM, Pearl PL (2014-11-25).
4581:
4462:
Sato S, Yinc C, Teramoto A, Sakuma Y, Kato M (2008).
4285:
4131:"The Metabolism and Functions of γ-Aminobutyric Acid"
3319:
3043:
969:
Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called
138:
127:
103:
5242:
4421:
Balemans MG, Mans D, Smith I, Van Benthem J (1983).
4247:
3897:
3895:
3679:
3483:
3092:
2912:
2588:"The role of GABA in the early neuronal development"
2561:(4th ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. pp.
953:
that open or close ion channels via intermediaries (
167:
144:
118:
109:
9528:
Tooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
5873:
5622:"Sleep circuitry and the hypnotic mechanism of GABA
5584:
4799:
4663:
3630:
3488:receptors mediate inhibition of T cell responses".
2821:Ganguly K, Schinder AF, Wong ST, Poo M (May 2001).
2222:
2218:
2216:
413:
158:
132:
115:
97:
94:
83:
74:
5834:
4879:
4672:
4212:
3840:
3728:
3484:Tian J, Chau C, Hales TG, Kaufman DL (1999). "GABA
2525:
2067:
1495:receptor ligands are shown in the following table
1057:(acting on nearby cells) signalling mediator. The
7314:
6263:
5536:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
5138:
4630:
3908:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 106.
3892:
2546:
2526:Schousboe, Arne; Sonnewald, Ursula (2016-11-25).
1329:. This process converts glutamate (the principal
9873:
5477:"Absinthe and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors"
3270:
2387:
2213:
1232:. GABAergic systems have also been found in the
566:InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
472:
9612:
7334:
7258:
7118:
6124:
4587:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4526:
3901:
3589:
3479:
3477:
3207:
3205:
2630:
2585:
2286:GABA receptor confers insecticide resistance".
1530:, piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (partial agonist)
965:Release, Reuptake, and Metabolism Cycle of GABA
576:InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
226:
5840:
5588:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
4842:
3531:Mendu SK, Bhandage A, Jin Z, Birnir B (2012).
2437:
2435:
2013:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
1730:Please review the contents of the section and
997:. In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as
9897:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
9359:
7438:
6712:
6249:
5533:
5180:Dzitoyeva S, Dimitrijevic N, Manev H (2003).
5068:
4953:
4281:
4279:
3445:
1374:and glutamate. Succinic semialdehyde is then
1239:
7452:
6395:
6057:
6022:
5924:
5867:
5791:
5744:
5701:
5658:
5291:
5173:
4523:
4363:
4241:
4206:
4171:
3984:
3941:
3846:
3624:
3583:
3524:
3474:
3354:
3313:
3264:
3202:
3086:
3037:
3002:
2955:
2906:
2814:
2716:
2624:
2579:
2484:
1150:(which would counteract insulin's effects).
1115:in a coronal brain section of a one-day-old
1102:
692:247.9 °C (478.2 °F; 521.0 K)
682:203.7 °C (398.7 °F; 476.8 K)
9375:
7454:
6028:
5236:
5075:Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
4802:"Neurosteroid access to the GABAA receptor"
4414:
4327:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
3631:Tian J, Yong J, Dang H, Kaufman DL (2011).
3396:
3147:
2863:
2765:
2667:
2432:
2330:
2103:
1146:(α-cells) and inhibits them from secreting
1064:GABA regulates the proliferation of neural
9366:
9352:
8702:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
7445:
7431:
7251:
6719:
6705:
6256:
6242:
5664:
4538:
4314:
4276:
4177:
4122:
3905:The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology
3772:
3766:
3722:
3044:Wang DD, Kriegstein AR, Ben-Ari Y (2008).
2275:
2099:
2097:
2095:
541:
364:
322:
9860:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
7368:
6193:
6150:
6097:
6005:
5952:
5907:
5641:
5510:
5500:
5451:
5402:
5219:
5209:
4916:
4825:
4782:
4772:
4636:
4605:
4479:
4438:
4397:
4387:
4338:
4154:
4128:
3815:
3791:
3705:
3656:
3607:
3566:
3556:
3402:
3379:
3337:
3296:
3247:
3237:
3130:
3120:
3069:
2938:
2838:
2797:
2748:
2691:
2467:
2258:
2240:
2199:. Springer Science & Business Media.
2169:
2159:
508:
9912:Biology of obsessive–compulsive disorder
9760:Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium)
9671:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase
9407:
5474:
3849:Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM
1677:contains GABAergic compounds, including
1297:
1106:
960:
6127:"A half century of γ-aminobutyric acid"
6063:
5619:
4502:
4034:
3947:
2961:
2092:
1467:Although in chemical terms, GABA is an
537:
450:
342:
14:
9874:
9027:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
7485:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
5376:
5297:Source unclear. One of the following:
4956:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
4049:10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.6.284
1091:(BDNF) expression. GABA activates the
355:
9347:
7426:
6726:
6700:
6237:
4588:Löscher, W.; Rogawski, M. A. (2012).
4468:The Journal of Physiological Sciences
4030:
4028:
3902:Roth RJ, Cooper JR, Bloom FE (2003).
3873:
3775:The Leydig cell in health and disease
2071:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
569:Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
302:
282:
9332:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
6224:List of GABA neurons on NeuroLex.org
4427:Reproduction, Nutrition, Development
4129:Bown AW, Shelp BJ (September 1997).
2592:GABA in Autism and Related Disorders
2441:
2137:
2135:
2061:
1807:Other GABAergic modulators include:
1699:
1601:Orthosteric (competitive) Antagonist
1425:In general, GABA does not cross the
1302:GABAergic neurons which produce GABA
1032:
977:are a typical example of inhibitory
9448:Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886)
7728:Positive modulators (abridged; see
6214:Gamma-aminobutyric acid MS Spectrum
5578:
4645:(7th ed.). Elsevier. pp.
4503:Hellier, Jennifer L. (2014-12-16).
1384:succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1306:GABA is primarily synthesized from
1262:extended, are found as a result of
933:in which the receptor is part of a
914:
579:Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYAC
463:
433:
24:
5630:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
5548:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04374.x
5444:10.1523/jneurosci.17-02-00625.1997
4092:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.062
4025:
3417:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01882.x
2931:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-07-02343.2001
2790:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06378.1998
2741:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-15-05764.2000
1486:
1336:GABA can also be synthesized from
1079:GABA also regulates the growth of
25:
9938:
9263:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
8761:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
7556:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
6118:
2132:
2042:Template:GABA receptor modulators
1119:, with the highest expression in
1089:brain-derived neurotrophic factor
876:. Its principal role is reducing
6125:Smart TG, Stephenson FA (2019).
6007:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04327.x
5679:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002
5395:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.004
4687:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.007
3062:10.1111/j.1535-7511.2008.00270.x
2068:Haynes, William M., ed. (2016).
1796:
1704:
817:
803:12,680 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
633:
627:
154:
70:
52:
43:
9617:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
8555:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
5977:
5613:
5527:
5468:
5419:
5370:
5132:
5092:
4675:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
4496:
4455:
4071:
3922:
3867:
3673:
3439:
2519:
2030:
1483:as are many alpha-amino acids.
1393:
1293:
1076:and the formation of synapses.
989:activation at synapses between
813:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
6965:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
5108:Deccan Journal of Pharmacology
5069:Reddy DS, Rogawski MA (2012).
4818:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4173-05.2005
3158:-receptor chloride channels".
2586:Jelitai M, Madarasz E (2005).
2186:
1972:(GABA-transaminase) deficiency
1732:add the appropriate references
1666:, which then acts via the GABA
1638:Negative allosteric modulators
1591:, and anaesthetics (including
1536:Positive allosteric modulators
1390:as a usable source of energy.
1053:(acting on the same cell) and
869:in the developmentally mature
764:Occupational safety and health
662:white microcrystalline powder
636:
621:
13:
1:
9927:Non-proteinogenic amino acids
9835:Receptor/signaling modulators
9314:Receptor/signaling modulators
8469:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
6265:Non-proteinogenic amino acids
6174:Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy
6064:Roberts MR (September 2007).
6043:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.006
5620:Lu, J.; Greco, M. A. (2006).
5597:10.1002/14356007.a06_527.pub2
5344:10.1016/S1054-3589(06)54008-6
5101:"STUDY OF GABAERGIC AGONISTS"
4968:10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00503-3
4300:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.511
4227:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01807-1
4001:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60002-2
3502:10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00264-1
2840:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00341-5
2600:10.1016/S0074-7742(05)71002-3
2054:
1358:
9917:Peripherally selective drugs
9853:receptor positive modulators
9325:receptor positive modulators
7833:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
6219:Scholarpedia article on GABA
5812:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.072
5730:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.016
5481:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
5190:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
5149:10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_13
5005:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90202-Q
4845:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
4340:10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b518
3861:10.1016/0166-1280(88)80084-8
3649:10.3109/08916934.2011.571223
3558:10.1371/journal.pone.0042959
3218:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3122:10.1371/journal.pone.0004371
2962:Ben-Ari Y (September 2002).
2884:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90505-F
2693:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90008-X
2118:10.1016/0028-3908(71)90013-X
1991:Giant depolarizing potential
1970:4-aminobutyrate transaminase
1946:
1869:GABA transaminase inhibitors
1658:GABAergic pro-drugs include
1475:, refers specifically to an
1462:
1406:(known as GABA analogues or
880:excitability throughout the
7:
9380:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid
6558:List of abiotic amino acids
6369:Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
5990:reduce bacterial virulence"
5432:The Journal of Neuroscience
4931:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.11.001
4806:The Journal of Neuroscience
4549:10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.003
4481:10.2170/physiolsci.rp006208
3773:Payne AH, Hardy MH (2007).
3698:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.019
3609:10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.5298
2390:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1958:
1717:reliable medical references
951:G protein-coupled receptors
909:
785:or concentration (LD, LC):
10:
9943:
8524:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
5377:Fisher JL (January 2009).
5114:(2): 56–69. Archived from
4192:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.005
3381:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.002
2505:10.1152/physrev.00017.2006
2402:10.1038/s41583-023-00724-7
1662:, which is metabolised to
1270:
1244:GABA is found mostly as a
1240:Structure and conformation
1210:in several animal models.
29:
9907:Glycine receptor agonists
9826:
9804:
9797:
9682:3-Hydrazinopropionic acid
9664:
9610:
9601:
9521:
9405:
9396:
9305:
9008:
8691:
7475:
7466:
7307:
7295:
7241:
7218:
7209:
7108:
7085:
7076:
7056:
6978:
6937:
6928:
6901:
6850:
6824:
6771:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
6766:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
6753:
6744:
6734:
6634:
6582:
6566:
6550:
6472:
6450:
6422:
6382:
6343:
6318:
6290:
6271:
5945:10.1007/s00018-016-2415-7
5315:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.023
4894:10.1007/s00213-005-0213-2
3460:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.041
3023:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.1005
2460:10.1007/s12264-008-0109-3
1723:or relies too heavily on
1103:Beyond the nervous system
807:
781:
761:
756:
608:
588:
553:
210:
194:
182:
60:
51:
42:
9842:GABA receptor modulators
9628:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
9412:Tooltip GABA transporter
8073:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
6955:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
6143:10.1177/2398212819858249
5851:10.1385/0-89603-448-8:91
5303:Biochemical Pharmacology
5247:and glycine receptors".
3962:10.1177/1073858402238515
2442:Li K, Xu E (June 2008).
2161:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01520
2023:
1851:GABA reuptake inhibitors
1627:(e.g., channel blocker)
1625:Uncompetitive antagonist
935:ligand-gated ion channel
6328:gamma-Aminobutyric acid
5591:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
5475:Olsen RW (April 2000).
5211:10.1073/pnas.0830111100
5054:10.1126/science.2422758
4774:10.1073/pnas.0606544103
3239:10.1073/pnas.1102715108
2359:10.1126/science.1121325
1431:periventricular nucleus
1386:and as such enters the
1370:(α-ketoglutarate) into
1315:glutamate decarboxylase
1217:patients, levels of 26
919:Two general classes of
856:gamma Aminobutyric acid
452:gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
18:Gamma-aminobutyric acid
9892:GABA receptor agonists
9882:Inhibitory amino acids
8952:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
8499:Morphine-3-glucuronide
8159:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
8044:Retigabine (ezogabine)
7390:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
6991:N-Methylphenethylamine
6567:Engineered amino acids
6510:Dihydroxyphenylglycine
6432:2-Aminoisobutyric acid
5502:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4417
2046:GABAA receptor#Ligands
2040:ligands are listed at
1965:3-Aminoisobutyric acid
1941:metabolic intermediate
1933:aldehyde dehydrogenase
1563:(i.e., z-drugs, e.g.,
1346:aldehyde dehydrogenase
1303:
1280:central nervous system
1124:
979:central nervous system
966:
947:metabotropic receptors
874:central nervous system
8340:Chlorophenylsilatrane
7131:2-AGE (noladin ether)
6574:Expanded genetic code
4215:Trends Pharmacol. Sci
1925:biochemical precursor
1593:volatile anaesthetics
1400:allosteric modulators
1372:succinic semialdehyde
1301:
1236:and in the eye lens.
1110:
1022:electrical resistance
964:
32:Gaba (disambiguation)
9290:Negative modulators:
9170:Positive modulators:
9063:Arbaclofen placarbil
8949:Negative modulators:
8798:Positive modulators:
8583:Pregnenolone sulfate
8219:17-Phenylandrostenol
8201:Negative modulators:
8086:constituents (e.g.,
8056:constituents (e.g.,
7918:Neuroactive steroids
7895:constituents (e.g.,
7631:Neuroactive steroids
7342:Carbon monoxide (CO)
6460:Carboxyglutamic acid
6137:: 2398212819858249.
6090:10.4161/psb.2.5.4335
5988:Pseudomonas syringae
5800:Neuroscience Letters
4440:10.1051/rnd:19830114
4262:10.1056/NEJMra021261
1998:, a GABA deficiency
1937:γ-aminobutyraldehyde
1549:neuroactive steroids
1512:Orthosteric Agonist
1435:human growth hormone
1321:(the active form of
1068:, the migration and
1059:ganglionic eminences
201:3-Carboxypropylamine
197:γ-Aminobutanoic acid
188:4-Aminobutanoic acid
184:Preferred IUPAC name
38:γ-Aminobutyric acid
30:For other uses, see
9549:Chicago sky blue 6B
9423:4-Aminovaleric acid
8879:Gabazine (SR-95531)
8869:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
8577:dihydropicrotoxinin
8302:Bicyclic phosphates
8214:11-Ketoprogesterone
8149:Gabazine (SR-95531)
7974:pyrazolopyrimidines
7347:Hydrogen sulfide (H
7201:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
6620:Aminolevulinic acid
6551:Abiotic amino acids
6486:Aminolevulinic acid
6480:4-Aminobenzoic acid
6310:Diaminopimelic acid
6292:bacterial cell wall
6082:2007PlSiB...2..408R
5933:Cell. Mol. Life Sci
5892:2015NatCo...6.7879R
5843:Polyamine Protocols
5753:Melissa officinalis
5493:2000PNAS...97.4417O
5261:1997Natur.389..385M
5202:2003PNAS..100.5485D
5046:1986Sci...232.1004D
4765:2006PNAS..10314602A
4724:10.1038/nature05324
4716:2006Natur.444..486H
4180:Curr Opin Pharmacol
3549:2012PLoSO...742959M
3230:2011PNAS..10811692S
3172:1989Natur.341..233R
3113:2009PLoSO...4.4371P
2351:2006Sci...311..233S
2300:1993Natur.363..449F
2242:10.7554/eLife.39383
1893:Melissa officinalis
1518:, GABA, gaboxadol (
1427:blood–brain barrier
1416:anterograde amnesia
1353:blood–brain barrier
1319:pyridoxal phosphate
1208:autoimmune diseases
1121:subventricular zone
1018:Shunting inhibition
893:blood–brain barrier
860:γ-Aminobutyric acid
699:Solubility in water
654: g·mol
264:Beilstein Reference
199:4-Aminobutyric acid
39:
8400:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
7946:Nonbenzodiazepines
7404:Sulfur dioxide (SO
7315:Cholinergic system
7017:Phenylethanolamine
6996:N-Methyltryptamine
6960:NAS (normelatonin)
6747:inhibitory systems
6745:Major excitatory /
6686:Dehydroamino acids
6646:Encoded (proteins)
6131:Brain Neurosci Adv
6070:Plant Signal Behav
5900:10.1038/ncomms8879
5643:10.5664/jcsm.26527
5141:Modern Anesthetics
4882:Psychopharmacology
4389:10.3390/nu13082742
4147:10.1104/pp.115.1.1
3817:10.1002/dvdy.21361
3374:(1–2): 73–85.e11.
2968:Nat. Rev. Neurosci
2633:Nat. Rev. Neurosci
1929:aldehyde reductase
1815:receptor ligands.
1691:dihydromethysticin
1561:nonbenzodiazepines
1455:(the precursor of
1440:GABA enhances the
1420:retrograde amnesia
1398:Drugs that act as
1304:
1125:
1072:the elongation of
975:Medium spiny cells
967:
889:dietary supplement
887:GABA is sold as a
840:Infobox references
777:Irritant, Harmful
738:4.031 (carboxyl; H
37:
9902:Gamma-Amino acids
9869:
9868:
9822:
9821:
9793:
9792:
9755:Valproate pivoxil
9719:
9692:γ-Acetylenic-GABA
9597:
9596:
9341:
9340:
9301:
9300:
9223:2-Hydroxysaclofen
9004:
9003:
8894:Isonipecotic acid
8259:Anabolic steroids
8229:α5IA (LS-193,268)
8139:Dihydrosecurinine
8024:Pyrazolopyridines
7793:potassium bromide
7791:compounds (e.g.,
7754:Anabolic steroids
7732:for a full list):
7586:Isonipecotic acid
7420:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7364:
7363:
7356:Nitric oxide (NO)
7330:
7329:
7303:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7072:
7071:
6986:3-Iodothyronamine
6924:
6923:
6728:Neurotransmitters
6694:
6693:
6656:Non-proteinogenic
6615:
6614:
6594:citric acid cycle
6546:
6545:
6468:
6467:
6446:
6445:
6418:
6417:
6354:ADDA (amino acid)
6320:neurotransmitters
6186:10.3233/PEP-14097
5860:978-0-89603-448-8
5718:Eur. J. Pharmacol
5383:Neuropharmacology
5353:978-0-12-032957-1
5255:(6649): 385–389.
5158:978-3-540-72813-9
4656:978-0-12-088397-4
4607:10.1111/epi.12025
4516:978-1-61069-338-7
4010:978-0-444-52184-2
3915:978-0-19-514008-8
3885:978-0-8176-3893-1
3874:Sapse AM (2000).
3784:978-1-58829-754-9
3339:10.2337/db14-0153
3289:10.2337/db13-0931
2572:978-0-87893-697-7
2539:978-3-319-45096-4
2345:(5758): 233–235.
2206:978-3-7091-9206-1
2106:Neuropharmacology
2078:. pp. 5–88.
2074:(97th ed.).
1921:4-Amino-1-butanol
1805:
1804:
1781:
1656:
1655:
1388:citric acid cycle
1364:GABA transaminase
1259:quantum chemistry
1135:(β-cells) of the
1085:neural stem cells
1033:Brain development
848:Chemical compound
846:
845:
522:CompTox Dashboard
252:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
9934:
9802:
9801:
9745:Sodium valproate
9717:
9672:
9668:
9640:
9618:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9529:
9525:
9413:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9381:
9377:
9368:
9361:
9354:
9345:
9344:
9048:4-Fluorophenibut
9028:
9024:
9015:
9014:
8884:Gaboxadol (THIP)
8801:Allopregnanolone
8703:
8699:
8434:Fluoroquinolones
8189:Thiocolchicoside
8009:Piperidinediones
7966:imidazopyridines
7922:allopregnanolone
7829:Dihydroergolines
7744:drinking alcohol
7635:allopregnanolone
7551:Gaboxadol (THIP)
7486:
7482:
7473:
7472:
7456:
7447:
7440:
7433:
7424:
7423:
7395:Nitrous oxide (N
7366:
7365:
7335:Gasotransmitters
7332:
7331:
7312:
7311:
7302:
7256:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7216:
7215:
7151:Anandamide (AEA)
7119:Endocannabinoids
7116:
7115:
7083:
7082:
6970:Serotonin (5-HT)
6935:
6934:
6754:Glutamate system
6751:
6750:
6742:
6741:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6587:
6586:
6470:
6469:
6452:clotting factors
6448:
6447:
6420:
6419:
6393:
6392:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6235:
6234:
6210:
6197:
6164:
6154:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6031:Trends Plant Sci
6026:
6020:
6019:
6009:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5956:
5939:(9): 1577–1603.
5928:
5922:
5921:
5911:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5769:10.1002/ptr.2712
5748:
5742:
5741:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5514:
5504:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5455:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5406:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5326:
5309:(8): 1581–1602.
5295:
5289:
5288:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5223:
5213:
5196:(9): 5485–5490.
5177:
5171:
5170:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5120:
5105:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5065:
5040:(4753): 1004–7.
5024:
4987:
4950:
4913:
4876:
4839:
4829:
4812:(50): 11605–13.
4796:
4786:
4776:
4743:
4698:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4644:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4609:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4536:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4483:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4342:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4158:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4032:
4023:
4022:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3819:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3777:. Humana Press.
3770:
3764:
3763:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3560:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3332:(12): 4197–205.
3317:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3180:10.1038/341233a0
3151:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3124:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2942:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2878:(1–2): 150–154.
2867:
2861:
2860:
2842:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2752:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2695:
2686:(6): 1287–1298.
2671:
2665:
2664:
2645:10.1038/35097509
2628:
2622:
2621:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2499:(4): 1215–1284.
2488:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2308:10.1038/363449a0
2294:(6428): 449–51.
2279:
2273:
2272:
2262:
2244:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2101:
2090:
2089:
2065:
2048:
2034:
1996:Spastic diplegia
1800:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1739:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1664:trichloroethanol
1501:Activity at GABA
1498:
1497:
1477:alpha amino acid
1453:-acetylserotonin
1248:(i.e., with the
1066:progenitor cells
999:chandelier cells
915:Neurotransmitter
902:form of GABA is
867:neurotransmitter
830:
824:
821:
820:
745:10.556 (amino; H
653:
638:
635:
629:
623:
616:Chemical formula
546:
545:
530:
528:
512:
476:
465:
454:
437:
417:
393:Gmelin Reference
376:
368:
357:
346:
326:
306:
286:
254:
230:
205:Piperidinic acid
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
56:
47:
40:
36:
21:
9942:
9941:
9937:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9932:
9931:
9872:
9871:
9870:
9865:
9852:
9818:
9789:
9735:Rosmarinic acid
9670:
9660:
9638:
9616:
9593:
9527:
9517:
9411:
9392:
9379:
9372:
9342:
9337:
9324:
9297:
9026:
9023:
9000:
8728:Homohypotaurine
8701:
8697:
8687:
8560:Phenylsilatrane
8102:chloral hydrate
8069:Sulfonylalkanes
7958:cyclopyrrolones
7779:Benzodiazepines
7531:Dihydromuscimol
7484:
7481:
7462:
7451:
7421:
7412:
7407:
7398:
7384:
7360:
7350:
7326:
7283:
7229:
7205:
7096:
7068:
7052:
6974:
6930:Biogenic amines
6920:
6897:
6846:
6820:
6746:
6730:
6725:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6671:Secondary amino
6630:
6611:
6578:
6562:
6542:
6464:
6442:
6414:
6378:
6374:Quisqualic acid
6339:
6334:Quisqualic acid
6314:
6286:
6267:
6262:
6121:
6116:
6115:
6062:
6058:
6027:
6023:
5982:
5978:
5929:
5925:
5872:
5868:
5861:
5839:
5835:
5796:
5792:
5749:
5745:
5715:
5706:
5702:
5663:
5659:
5625:
5618:
5614:
5607:
5583:
5579:
5532:
5528:
5473:
5469:
5424:
5420:
5375:
5371:
5354:
5333:
5296:
5292:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5178:
5174:
5159:
5137:
5133:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5089:
4857:10.1038/nrn1703
4759:(39): 14602–7.
4710:(7118): 486–9.
4668:
4664:
4657:
4635:
4631:
4586:
4582:
4559:
4537:
4524:
4517:
4501:
4497:
4460:
4456:
4419:
4415:
4368:
4364:
4319:
4315:
4284:
4277:
4256:(21): 2110–24.
4250:N. Engl. J. Med
4246:
4242:
4211:
4207:
4176:
4172:
4127:
4123:
4076:
4072:
4033:
4026:
4011:
3989:
3985:
3946:
3942:
3927:
3923:
3916:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3872:
3868:
3845:
3841:
3810:(12): 3532–44.
3796:
3792:
3785:
3771:
3767:
3727:
3723:
3678:
3674:
3629:
3625:
3602:(8): 5298–304.
3588:
3584:
3529:
3525:
3490:J. Neuroimmunol
3487:
3482:
3475:
3444:
3440:
3401:
3397:
3359:
3355:
3318:
3314:
3269:
3265:
3224:(28): 11692–7.
3210:
3203:
3166:(6239): 233–6.
3157:
3152:
3148:
3091:
3087:
3042:
3038:
3011:J. Neurophysiol
3007:
3003:
2960:
2956:
2911:
2907:
2868:
2864:
2819:
2815:
2784:(16): 6378–87.
2770:
2766:
2735:(15): 5764–74.
2721:
2717:
2672:
2668:
2629:
2625:
2610:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2524:
2520:
2489:
2485:
2440:
2433:
2386:
2382:
2335:
2331:
2280:
2276:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2191:
2187:
2140:
2133:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
1961:
1949:
1814:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1740:
1729:
1725:primary sources
1709:
1705:
1669:
1660:chloral hydrate
1545:benzodiazepines
1504:
1494:
1489:
1487:GABAergic drugs
1465:
1396:
1361:
1342:diamine oxidase
1296:
1273:
1242:
1182:urinary bladder
1162:fallopian tubes
1105:
1096:
1070:differentiation
1035:
1008:
944:
931:
917:
912:
904:γ-aminobutyrate
862:) is the chief
849:
842:
837:
836:
835: ?)
826:
822:
818:
814:
800:
794:
774:
752:
748:
741:
731:
701:
672:1.11 g/mL
651:
641:
632:
626:
618:
604:
601:
596:
595:
584:
581:
580:
577:
571:
570:
567:
561:
560:
549:
531:
524:
515:
495:
479:
466:
440:
420:
407:
395:
386:
349:
329:
309:
289:
266:
257:
244:
233:
220:
206:
204:
202:
200:
198:
190:
189:
157:
153:
131:
90:
73:
69:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9940:
9930:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9887:GABA analogues
9884:
9867:
9866:
9864:
9863:
9856:
9850:
9845:
9838:
9831:
9827:
9824:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9816:
9810:
9808:
9806:Antivitamin B6
9799:
9795:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9778:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9675:
9673:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9658:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9635:
9630:
9621:
9619:
9605:
9599:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9579:Nipecotic acid
9576:
9571:
9569:N-Butyric acid
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9544:Bafilomycin A1
9541:
9532:
9530:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9478:Nipecotic acid
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9416:
9414:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9371:
9370:
9363:
9356:
9348:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9328:
9322:
9317:
9310:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9286:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9216:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9143:Sodium oxybate
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9038:1,4-Butanediol
9031:
9029:
9021:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8945:
8944:
8939:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8819:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8794:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8706:
8704:
8695:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8431:
8426:
8412:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8282:cephalosporins
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8122:
8121:
8091:
8088:valerenic acid
8081:
8076:
8066:
8061:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8034:Quinazolinones
8031:
8021:
8016:
8006:
8001:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7890:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7856:
7853:mefenamic acid
7846:
7841:
7836:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7796:
7786:
7776:
7766:
7756:
7751:
7737:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7503:
7498:
7489:
7487:
7479:
7470:
7464:
7463:
7450:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7427:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7401:
7396:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7378:
7372:
7370:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7318:
7316:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7300:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7253:
7246:
7239:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7122:
7120:
7113:
7106:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7042:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7022:Phenethylamine
7019:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6932:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6851:Glycine system
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6796:Kynurenic acid
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6748:
6739:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6701:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6532:Hydroxyproline
6529:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6483:
6476:
6474:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6438:Enduracididine
6435:
6428:
6426:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6401:
6399:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6350:
6348:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6331:
6324:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6282:Hydroxyproline
6278:
6276:
6269:
6268:
6261:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6180:(4): 217–227.
6165:
6120:
6119:External links
6117:
6114:
6113:
6056:
6021:
5976:
5923:
5866:
5859:
5833:
5790:
5763:(8): 1075–81.
5743:
5724:(3): 246–252.
5713:
5700:
5673:(11): 731–43.
5657:
5636:(2): S19–S26.
5623:
5612:
5606:978-3527306732
5605:
5577:
5526:
5467:
5418:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5352:
5331:
5327:
5290:
5244:
5235:
5172:
5157:
5131:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5066:
5025:
4988:
4951:
4914:
4877:
4840:
4797:
4744:
4699:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4629:
4580:
4557:
4522:
4515:
4495:
4474:(5): 317–322.
4454:
4413:
4362:
4313:
4294:(2): 511–607.
4275:
4240:
4205:
4170:
4121:
4086:(2): 489–493.
4070:
4043:(6): 284–290.
4024:
4009:
3983:
3956:(6): 562–573.
3950:Neuroscientist
3940:
3921:
3914:
3891:
3884:
3878:. Birkhäuser.
3866:
3839:
3790:
3783:
3765:
3744:10.1038/nm1604
3721:
3672:
3623:
3582:
3523:
3485:
3473:
3438:
3395:
3353:
3312:
3283:(11): 3760–5.
3263:
3201:
3155:
3146:
3085:
3036:
3017:(2): 1005–15.
3001:
2980:10.1038/nrn920
2974:(9): 728–739.
2954:
2925:(7): 2343–60.
2905:
2872:Neurosci. Lett
2862:
2813:
2764:
2715:
2666:
2639:(11): 780–90.
2623:
2608:
2578:
2571:
2545:
2538:
2518:
2483:
2454:(3): 195–200.
2431:
2396:(9): 523–539.
2380:
2329:
2274:
2212:
2205:
2185:
2131:
2112:(1): 103–108.
2091:
2085:978-1498754286
2084:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:Many more GABA
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:neuropathology
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1948:
1945:
1918:
1917:
1899:GABA analogues
1896:
1866:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1835:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1712:
1710:
1703:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1464:
1461:
1404:GABA receptors
1395:
1392:
1368:2-oxoglutarate
1360:
1357:
1295:
1292:
1272:
1269:
1241:
1238:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1034:
1031:
1006:
959:
958:
942:
938:
929:
916:
913:
911:
908:
882:nervous system
847:
844:
843:
838:
816:
815:
811:standard state
808:
805:
804:
801:
792:
790:
787:
786:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
759:
758:
754:
753:
751:
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
733:
729:
719:
718:
715:
706:
705:
702:
697:
694:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
670:
664:
663:
660:
656:
655:
649:
643:
642:
639:
630:
624:
619:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
603:
602:
599:
591:
590:
589:
586:
585:
583:
582:
578:
575:
574:
572:
568:
565:
564:
556:
555:
554:
551:
550:
548:
547:
534:
532:
520:
517:
516:
514:
513:
505:
503:
497:
496:
494:
493:
489:
487:
481:
480:
478:
477:
469:
467:
459:
456:
455:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
430:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
410:
408:
403:
400:
399:
396:
391:
388:
387:
385:
384:
380:
378:
370:
369:
359:
351:
350:
348:
347:
339:
337:
331:
330:
328:
327:
319:
317:
311:
310:
308:
307:
299:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
279:
277:
271:
270:
267:
262:
259:
258:
256:
255:
247:
245:
238:
235:
234:
232:
231:
223:
221:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:
203:Piperidic acid
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
180:
179:
67:
66:Pronunciation
63:
62:
58:
57:
49:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9939:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9862:
9861:
9857:
9855:
9854:
9846:
9844:
9843:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9832:
9829:
9828:
9825:
9815:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9800:
9796:
9786:
9785:3-Methyl-GABA
9783:
9780:
9779:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9765:Valproic acid
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9740:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9669:
9663:
9657:
9656:3-Methyl-GABA
9654:
9651:
9650:
9647:
9646:Semicarbazide
9644:
9642:
9641:-Allylglycine
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9615:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9600:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9526:
9520:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9468:Ibotenic acid
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9410:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9388:
9384:
9378:
9369:
9364:
9362:
9357:
9355:
9350:
9349:
9346:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9327:
9326:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9304:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9167:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9053:Aceburic acid
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9025:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9007:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8743:Ibotenic acid
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8700:
8690:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8588:Propybicyphat
8586:
8584:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8550:Oenanthotoxin
8548:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8459:Iomazenil (I)
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8438:ciprofloxacin
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8424:
8420:
8419:amentoflavone
8416:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8355:Cyclothiazide
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8315:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8283:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8144:Famiraprinium
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8111:
8110:diethyl ether
8107:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8089:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8059:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7984:Norfluoxetine
7982:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7894:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7824:Clomethiazole
7822:
7820:
7819:Chlormezanone
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7809:Carbamazepine
7807:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7774:
7773:phenobarbital
7770:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7676:Quisqualamine
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7611:Methylglyoxal
7609:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7561:Ibotenic acid
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7511:
7510:phenobarbital
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7483:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7448:
7443:
7441:
7436:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7409:
7402:
7400:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7323:
7322:Acetylcholine
7320:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7310:
7308:Miscellaneous
7306:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7240:
7225:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7211:Neurosteroids
7208:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7078:Neuropeptides
7075:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6823:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6722:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6681:D-amino acids
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6583:Intermediates
6581:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6498:Penicillamine
6496:
6494:(insectiside)
6493:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6397:Beta-peptides
6394:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6342:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6266:
6259:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6245:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6000:(2): 318–30.
5999:
5995:
5991:
5989:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5757:Phytother Res
5754:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5616:
5608:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5487:(9): 4417–8.
5486:
5482:
5478:
5471:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5438:(2): 625–34.
5437:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5269:10.1038/38738
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5121:on 2013-10-16
5117:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4999:(5): 759–65.
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4925:(2): 169–92.
4924:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4888:(3): 362–72.
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4851:(7): 565–75.
4850:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4558:9780128104132
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4433:(1): 151–60.
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4333:(1): 104–10.
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:(10): 491–3.
4220:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:Plant Physiol
4132:
4125:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3643:(6): 465–70.
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3543:(8): e42959.
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3448:Life Sciences
3442:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:(2): 363–72.
3410:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:Epilepsy Curr
3047:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2833:(4): 521–32.
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2609:9780123668721
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:Neurosci Bull
2445:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:Front Psychol
2145:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:neuromuscular
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:GABA receptor
1979:
1977:
1976:GABA analogue
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1939:(GABAL) as a
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1837:Antagonists:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1794:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748: –
1747:
1743:
1742:Find sources:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:This section
1711:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:dihydrokavain
1680:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1651:amentoflavone
1648:
1647:oenanthotoxin
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:succinic acid
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1044:glutamatergic
1041:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
963:
956:
952:
948:
945:
939:
936:
932:
926:
925:
924:
922:
921:GABA receptor
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
872:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
841:
834:
829:
812:
806:
802:
798:
789:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
770:
766:
765:
760:
755:
744:
737:
736:
734:
728:
724:
721:
720:
716:
714:
713:
708:
707:
704:130 g/100 ml
703:
700:
696:
695:
691:
689:
688:Boiling point
686:
685:
681:
679:
678:Melting point
676:
675:
671:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
650:
648:
645:
644:
620:
617:
613:
612:
607:
598:
597:
594:
587:
573:
563:
562:
559:
552:
544:
540:
539:DTXSID6035106
536:
535:
533:
523:
519:
518:
511:
507:
506:
504:
502:
499:
498:
491:
490:
488:
486:
483:
482:
475:
471:
470:
468:
462:
458:
457:
453:
449:
447:
444:
443:
436:
432:
431:
429:
427:
424:
423:
416:
412:
411:
409:
406:
402:
401:
397:
394:
390:
389:
382:
381:
379:
377:
372:
371:
367:
363:
360:
358:
356:ECHA InfoCard
353:
352:
345:
341:
340:
338:
336:
333:
332:
325:
321:
320:
318:
316:
313:
312:
305:
301:
300:
298:
296:
293:
292:
285:
281:
280:
278:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
261:
260:
253:
249:
248:
246:
242:
237:
236:
229:
225:
224:
222:
219:
215:
214:
209:
193:
185:
181:
175:
149:
68:
65:
64:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
9858:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9781:
9750:Valnoctamide
9720:-Cycloserine
9678:
9652:
9624:
9558:
9535:
9419:
9330:
9319:
9312:
9289:
9220:Antagonists:
9219:
9169:
9034:
9010:Metabotropic
8981:Pregnanolone
8975:picrotoxinin
8948:
8934:
8861:
8831:(S)-4-ACPBPA
8826:(S)-2-MeGABA
8823:Antagonists:
8822:
8797:
8786:Thiomuscimol
8758:
8709:
8573:picrotoxinin
8536:enzalutamide
8532:bicalutamide
8454:Golexanolone
8350:Cloflubicyne
8200:
8126:Antagonists:
8125:
8038:methaqualone
8013:glutethimide
7989:Petrichloral
7950:β-carbolines
7769:Barbiturates
7727:
7711:Thiomuscimol
7516:Beta-Alanine
7506:Barbiturates
7496:(+)-Catechin
7492:
7376:Acetaldehyde
7045:
7037:
7009:
7001:
6979:Trace amines
6638:
6591:Mitochondria
6526:Homocysteine
6506:(Alzheimers)
6488:(metabolism)
6207:
6177:
6173:
6134:
6130:
6076:(5): 408–9.
6073:
6069:
6059:
6037:(3): 110–5.
6034:
6030:
6024:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5979:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5883:
5879:
5869:
5842:
5836:
5806:(2): 124–8.
5803:
5799:
5793:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5721:
5717:
5709:
5703:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5633:
5629:
5615:
5586:
5580:
5539:
5535:
5529:
5484:
5480:
5470:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5389:(1): 190–7.
5386:
5382:
5372:
5335:
5306:
5302:
5293:
5252:
5248:
5238:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5175:
5140:
5134:
5123:. Retrieved
5116:the original
5111:
5107:
5094:
5074:
5037:
5033:
4996:
4992:
4962:(1): 35–43.
4959:
4955:
4922:
4918:
4885:
4881:
4848:
4844:
4809:
4805:
4756:
4752:
4707:
4703:
4681:(1): 20–34.
4678:
4674:
4665:
4640:
4632:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4540:
4509:. ABC-CLIO.
4505:
4498:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4291:
4288:Physiol. Rev
4287:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4083:
4080:Neuroscience
4079:
4073:
4040:
4036:
3992:
3986:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3904:
3875:
3869:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3774:
3768:
3738:(7): 862–7.
3735:
3731:
3724:
3689:
3686:eBioMedicine
3685:
3675:
3640:
3637:Autoimmunity
3636:
3626:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3493:
3489:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3408:
3405:J. Neurochem
3404:
3398:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3221:
3217:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3107:(2): e4371.
3104:
3098:
3088:
3056:(5): 137–9.
3053:
3049:
3039:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2591:
2581:
2557:Neuroscience
2556:
2548:
2532:. Springer.
2528:
2521:
2496:
2493:Physiol. Rev
2492:
2486:
2451:
2447:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2232:
2228:
2195:
2188:
2151:
2147:
2109:
2105:
2070:
2063:
2032:
1950:
1935:(ALDH) with
1919:
1892:
1855:deramciclane
1806:
1784:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1741:
1721:verification
1714:
1672:
1657:
1581:methaqualone
1541:Barbiturates
1490:
1466:
1450:
1439:
1424:
1407:
1397:
1394:Pharmacology
1362:
1350:
1335:
1305:
1294:Biosynthesis
1284:
1277:
1274:
1254:conformation
1243:
1223:
1212:
1204:inflammatory
1200:Immune cells
1198:
1194:
1159:
1152:
1126:
1078:
1063:
1048:
1036:
1003:
985:, mediating
968:
949:, which are
918:
903:
897:
886:
859:
855:
851:
850:
782:
773:Main hazards
762:
726:
711:
485:RTECS number
211:Identifiers
195:Other names
9814:Ginkgotoxin
9782:Activators:
9679:Inhibitors:
9653:Activators:
9625:Inhibitors:
9584:Valinomycin
9536:Inhibitors:
9483:NNC 05-2090
9420:Inhibitors:
9398:Transporter
9293:Compound 14
9123:Lesogaberan
8962:Loreclezole
8899:Loreclezole
8836:(S)-4-ACPCA
8816:Lanthanides
8806:Alphaxolone
8748:Isoguvacine
8658:Terbequinil
8528:apalutamide
8519:Nicardipine
8479:Laudanosine
8286:carbapenems
8278:penicillins
8134:Coriamyrtin
8129:Bicuculline
8118:sevoflurane
8114:paraldehyde
8064:Stiripentol
7941:Niacinamide
7926:cholesterol
7908:Loreclezole
7803:meprobamate
7759:Avermectins
7626:Nefiracetam
7591:Kojic amine
7581:Isomuscimol
7576:Isoguvacine
7381:Ammonia (NH
7252:Nucleosides
7012:-Octopamine
7004:-Octopamine
6916:T-HCA (GHC)
6873:Hypotaurine
6825:GABA system
6776:Glutathione
6676:Imino acids
6640:Amino acids
6500:(chelation)
6300:Lanthionine
5954:2440/124330
4382:(8): 2742.
4186:(1): 7–17.
3931:Experientia
3855:: 125–140.
3692:: 283–294.
3496:(1): 21–8.
2919:J. Neurosci
2778:J. Neurosci
2729:J. Neurosci
1715:needs more
1687:methysticin
1606:bicuculline
1589:stiripentol
1557:niacinamide
1524:isoguvacine
1412:lamotrigine
1317:(GAD) with
1144:alpha cells
1131:-producing
923:are known:
900:carboxylate
797:median dose
783:Lethal dose
767:(OHS/OSH):
659:Appearance
609:Properties
362:100.000.235
284:CHEBI:16865
9876:Categories
9775:Vigabatrin
9770:Valpromide
9739:lemon balm
9725:Phenelzine
9707:Gabaculine
9589:Vigabatrin
9554:Evans blue
9498:SKF-89976A
9458:Gabaculine
9433:Arecaidine
9390:modulators
9383:metabolism
9148:SKF-97,541
9058:Arbaclofen
8967:Picrotoxin
8957:Bilobalide
8633:Suritozole
8623:Sarmazenil
8608:Ro 19-4603
8603:Ro 15-4513
8598:Radequinil
8565:Picrotoxin
8544:nilutamide
8514:Naltrexone
8449:Furosemide
8429:Flumazenil
8423:oroxylin A
8415:Flavonoids
8395:Etbicyphat
8325:Bilobalide
8292:Basmisanil
8179:Sinomenine
8174:Securinine
8169:Pitrazepin
8154:Hydrastine
8106:chloroform
8079:Topiramate
8019:Propanidid
7883:Imidazoles
7878:Flupirtine
7873:Fluoxetine
7867:hispidulin
7859:Flavonoids
7814:Chloralose
7799:Carbamates
7763:ivermectin
7701:Terpenoids
7646:PF-6372865
7501:Bamaluzole
7468:Ionotropic
7460:modulators
7369:Candidates
7243:Nucleobase
7032:Tryptamine
7027:Synephrine
6938:Monoamines
6903:GHB system
6736:Amino acid
6666:Glucogenic
6607:Citrulline
6534:(collagen)
6504:Norleucine
6424:Antibiotic
6364:thialysine
6359:Canavanine
6305:Norleucine
5880:Nat Commun
5710:Drosophila
5184:Drosophila
5125:2019-04-01
4141:(1): 1–5.
4037:Physiology
3596:J. Immunol
2565:, box 6D.
2284:Drosophila
2235:: e39383.
2055:References
2008:Spasticity
1931:(ALR) and
1907:gabapentin
1903:pregabalin
1889:lemon balm
1885:vigabatrin
1877:phenelzine
1873:gabaculine
1859:hyperforin
1818:Agonists:
1757:newspapers
1673:The plant
1670:receptor.
1643:furosemide
1618:flumazenil
1469:amino acid
1442:catabolism
1359:Metabolism
1338:putrescine
1331:excitatory
1323:vitamin B6
1288:picrotoxin
1246:zwitterion
1226:epithelium
1133:beta cells
1117:Wistar rat
1046:synapses.
1040:maturation
955:G proteins
864:inhibitory
647:Molar mass
600:NCCCC(=O)O
510:2ACZ6IPC6I
405:IUPHAR/BPS
315:ChemSpider
239:3D model (
218:CAS Number
9712:Isoniazid
9574:Nigericin
9539:β-Alanine
9513:Tiagabine
9503:SNAP-5114
9428:β-Alanine
9387:transport
9283:SKF-97541
9278:SCH-50911
9268:Phaclofen
9253:CGP-64213
9248:CGP-55845
9243:CGP-54626
9238:CGP-52432
9233:CGP-46381
9228:CGP-35348
9198:CGP-13501
9173:ADX-71441
9158:Tolgabide
9138:Progabide
9133:Picamilon
9118:Isovaline
9035:Agonists:
8937:-3-ACPBPA
8914:SKF-97541
8864:-3-ACPBPA
8791:Tolgabide
8771:Progabide
8766:Picamilon
8710:Agonists:
8618:RO4938581
8613:RO4882224
8540:flutamide
8474:L-655,708
8444:Flurothyl
8345:Cicutoxin
8330:Bupropion
8297:Bemegride
8274:β-Lactams
8264:Amiloride
8094:Volatiles
8028:etazolate
8004:Phenytoin
7962:zopiclone
7954:abecarnil
7913:Monastrol
7903:Lanthanum
7887:etomidate
7849:Fenamates
7844:Etifoxine
7839:Etazepine
7716:Tolgabide
7666:Progabide
7656:Picamilon
7641:Org 20599
7616:Monastrol
7596:L-838,417
7493:Agonists:
7260:Adenosine
7064:Histamine
7048:-Tyramine
7040:-Tyramine
6883:Sarcosine
6863:β-Alanine
6858:α-Alanine
6661:Ketogenic
6651:Essential
6602:Ornithine
6521:Norvaline
6516:Sarcosine
6410:β-Leucine
6405:β-Alanine
6274:cell wall
5667:CNS Drugs
5556:0515-2720
4600:: 12–25.
4594:Epilepsia
4376:Nutrients
4100:0306-4522
4057:1548-9213
2426:260201740
2410:1471-003X
2251:2050-084X
2076:CRC Press
1947:In plants
1915:progabide
1911:picamilon
1881:valproate
1863:tiagabine
1839:phaclofen
1787:June 2015
1631:cicutoxin
1569:etomidate
1528:progabide
1473:qualifier
1463:Chemistry
1457:melatonin
1446:serotonin
1408:GABAergic
1308:glutamate
1264:solvation
1219:cytokines
1174:testicles
1081:embryonic
1055:paracrine
1051:autocrine
1009:receptors
971:GABAergic
871:mammalian
492:ES6300000
383:200-258-6
375:EC Number
9830:See also
9493:Riluzole
9473:Muscimol
9463:Guvacine
9309:See also
9273:Saclofen
9208:rac-BHFF
9203:GS-39783
9193:CGP-7930
9153:SL 75102
9128:Phenibut
9083:Gabamide
9068:Baclofen
8971:picrotin
8924:SR-95813
8919:SR-95318
8841:2-MeTACA
8753:Muscimol
8683:ZK-93426
8653:TCS-1105
8638:TB-21007
8569:picrotin
8509:Naloxone
8494:Morphine
8489:MaxiPost
8409:fipronil
8405:Fiproles
8375:(+)-DMBB
8370:Dieldrin
8269:Anisatin
8184:SR-42641
8084:Valerian
8058:baicalin
8054:Skullcap
7998:propofol
7978:zaleplon
7970:zolpidem
7863:apigenin
7783:diazepam
7740:Alcohols
7681:SL-75102
7671:Propofol
7651:Phenibut
7621:Muscimol
7605:honokiol
7571:iso-THIP
7566:iso-THAZ
7541:Gabamide
7457:receptor
7299:-derived
7245:-derived
7226:instead.
7181:Oleamide
7112:-derived
7093:instead.
6950:Dopamine
6761:Agmatine
6738:-derived
6538:Hypusine
6492:Canaline
6204:25485164
6161:32166183
6108:19704616
6051:15003233
6016:21070411
5971:19475505
5963:27838745
5918:26219411
5886:: 7879.
5820:21296127
5785:23127112
5777:19165747
5738:16129424
5695:34322458
5687:12383029
5652:17557503
5572:24494744
5542:: 3–14.
5521:10781032
5413:18585399
5362:17175815
5323:17175815
5230:12692303
5167:18175096
5083:22787590
5021:12626366
4984:11605131
4976:11750861
4947:36197603
4939:15694225
4902:16432684
4873:12596378
4865:15959466
4836:16354918
4793:16984997
4732:17108970
4695:17531325
4616:23205959
4575:41704867
4567:28528665
4490:18834560
4408:34444905
4357:24907247
4349:18091016
4308:10221989
4270:12761368
4235:11583788
4200:16377242
4165:12223787
4116:43003476
4108:17395389
4065:11390928
4019:17499106
3978:84891972
3970:12467378
3834:24188696
3826:17969168
3804:Dev. Dyn
3752:17589520
3732:Nat. Med
3716:29627388
3667:21604972
3618:15470076
3577:22927941
3537:PLOS ONE
3510:10227421
3468:26724496
3433:86144218
3390:27916274
3348:25008178
3326:Diabetes
3307:23995958
3277:Diabetes
3258:21709230
3141:19190758
3100:PLoS ONE
3080:18852839
3031:12163549
2988:12209121
2949:11264309
2900:30672030
2849:11371348
2759:10908617
2653:11715055
2618:16512345
2513:17928584
2478:18500393
2418:37495761
2375:40744562
2367:16410524
2269:30044221
2180:26500584
2154:: 1520.
1986:GABA tea
1959:See also
1953:apoplast
1843:saclofen
1832:phenibut
1824:propofol
1820:baclofen
1695:yangonin
1610:gabazine
1585:propofol
1565:zolpidem
1516:Muscimol
1481:proteins
1376:oxidized
1327:cofactor
1310:via the
1250:carboxyl
1155:diabetes
1148:glucagon
1137:pancreas
1097:receptor
1074:neurites
1027:neonatal
1013:chloride
910:Function
878:neuronal
757:Hazards
335:DrugBank
304:ChEMBL96
9564:Glycine
9453:EF-1502
9178:BHF-177
9163:Tolibut
9073:BL-1020
8986:ROD-188
8851:4-ACPAM
8846:3-APMPA
8713:BL-1020
8673:U-93631
8668:Thujone
8593:PWZ-029
8567:(i.e.,
8526:(e.g.,
8504:MRK-016
8484:Lindane
8436:(e.g.,
8417:(e.g.,
8407:(e.g.,
8276:(e.g.,
8254:β-EMGBL
8164:PHP-501
8100:(e.g.,
8071:(e.g.,
8049:ROD-188
8036:(e.g.,
8026:(e.g.,
8011:(e.g.,
7996:(e.g.,
7994:Phenols
7976:(e.g.,
7968:(e.g.,
7960:(e.g.,
7952:(e.g.,
7948:(e.g.,
7920:(e.g.,
7885:(e.g.,
7861:(e.g.,
7851:(e.g.,
7831:(e.g.,
7801:(e.g.,
7789:Bromide
7781:(e.g.,
7771:(e.g.,
7761:(e.g.,
7742:(e.g.,
7735:α-EMTBL
7705:borneol
7703:(e.g.,
7686:Taurine
7633:(e.g.,
7603:(e.g.,
7601:Lignans
7521:BL-1020
7508:(e.g.,
7297:Vitamin
7191:RVD-Hpα
7146:AA-5-HT
6893:Taurine
6878:Proline
6868:Glycine
6811:Proline
6781:Glycine
6626:Cystine
6622:(5-ALA)
6528:(heart)
6384:Medical
6336:(toxic)
6195:4256671
6152:7058221
6099:2634229
6078:Bibcode
5994:Plant J
5909:4532832
5888:Bibcode
5828:8303292
5564:8693922
5489:Bibcode
5462:8987785
5453:6573228
5404:2665930
5285:4393717
5277:9311780
5257:Bibcode
5198:Bibcode
5062:2422758
5042:Bibcode
5034:Science
5013:2160838
4910:7799814
4827:6726021
4784:1600006
4761:Bibcode
4740:4382394
4712:Bibcode
4624:4675696
4449:6844712
4399:8399837
3760:2461757
3707:5952354
3658:5787624
3568:3424250
3545:Bibcode
3518:3006821
3454:: 1–7.
3425:2405103
3298:3806626
3249:3136292
3226:Bibcode
3188:2550826
3168:Bibcode
3132:2629816
3109:Bibcode
3071:2566617
2996:8116740
2940:6762405
2892:8390627
2857:8615968
2808:9698329
2799:6793175
2750:3823557
2710:1366263
2702:8845153
2661:5604192
2469:5552538
2347:Bibcode
2339:Science
2324:4334499
2316:8389005
2296:Bibcode
2260:6086659
2171:4594160
2126:5569303
2044:and at
2018:Taurine
1771:scholar
1736:removed
1614:thujone
1577:ethanol
1573:alcohol
1507:Ligand
1325:) as a
1271:History
1178:kidneys
1170:ovaries
1129:insulin
983:insects
937:complex
833:what is
831: (
723:Acidity
668:Density
652:103.121
461:PubChem
344:DB02530
269:906818
228:56-12-2
178:(GABA)
9667:GABA-T
9603:Enzyme
9488:NO-711
9438:CI-966
9213:KK-92A
9043:3-APPA
8811:ATHDOC
8365:DHEA-S
8204:1,3M1B
7936:Niacin
7897:kavain
7262:system
7136:2-ALPI
7057:Others
6888:Serine
6816:Serine
6512:(DHPG)
6482:(PABA)
6388:Health
6346:toxins
6344:human
6330:(GABA)
6272:Plant
6202:
6192:
6159:
6149:
6106:
6096:
6049:
6014:
5969:
5961:
5916:
5906:
5857:
5826:
5818:
5783:
5775:
5736:
5693:
5685:
5650:
5626:drugs"
5603:
5570:
5562:
5554:
5519:
5509:
5460:
5450:
5411:
5401:
5360:
5350:
5321:
5283:
5275:
5249:Nature
5228:
5221:154371
5218:
5165:
5155:
5081:
5060:
5019:
5011:
4993:Neuron
4982:
4974:
4945:
4937:
4908:
4900:
4871:
4863:
4834:
4824:
4791:
4781:
4738:
4730:
4704:Nature
4693:
4653:
4649:–302.
4622:
4614:
4573:
4565:
4555:
4513:
4488:
4447:
4406:
4396:
4355:
4347:
4306:
4268:
4233:
4198:
4163:
4156:158453
4153:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4063:
4055:
4017:
4007:
3976:
3968:
3912:
3882:
3832:
3824:
3781:
3758:
3750:
3714:
3704:
3665:
3655:
3616:
3575:
3565:
3516:
3508:
3466:
3431:
3423:
3388:
3346:
3305:
3295:
3256:
3246:
3196:699135
3194:
3186:
3160:Nature
3139:
3129:
3078:
3068:
3029:
2994:
2986:
2947:
2937:
2898:
2890:
2855:
2847:
2806:
2796:
2757:
2747:
2708:
2700:
2680:Neuron
2659:
2651:
2616:
2606:
2569:
2536:
2511:
2476:
2466:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2373:
2365:
2322:
2314:
2288:Nature
2267:
2257:
2249:
2203:
2178:
2168:
2124:
2082:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1746:"GABA"
1744:
1679:kavain
1553:niacin
1312:enzyme
1234:testis
1230:asthma
1184:, the
1166:uterus
995:glands
991:nerves
987:muscle
828:verify
825:
717:−3.17
593:SMILES
435:D00058
398:49775
295:ChEMBL
61:Names
9798:Other
9524:VIAAT
9103:GHBAL
9088:GABOB
8991:THDOC
8935:trans
8929:TPMPA
8904:P4MPA
8856:4-GBA
8738:GABOB
8464:IPTBO
8314:IPTBO
8249:β-CCP
8244:β-CCM
8239:β-CCE
8234:β-CCB
8194:Tutin
8098:gases
7930:THDOC
7546:GABOB
7171:NAGly
7110:Lipid
6945:6-OHM
6837:GABOB
6642:types
6473:Other
6434:(AIB)
5967:S2CID
5824:S2CID
5781:S2CID
5691:S2CID
5568:S2CID
5512:34311
5281:S2CID
5119:(PDF)
5104:(PDF)
5017:S2CID
4980:S2CID
4943:S2CID
4906:S2CID
4869:S2CID
4736:S2CID
4620:S2CID
4571:S2CID
4353:S2CID
4112:S2CID
3974:S2CID
3937:: 36.
3830:S2CID
3756:S2CID
3514:S2CID
3429:S2CID
3192:S2CID
2992:S2CID
2896:S2CID
2853:S2CID
2706:S2CID
2657:S2CID
2422:S2CID
2371:S2CID
2320:S2CID
2229:eLife
2024:Notes
1923:is a
1778:JSTOR
1764:books
1448:into
1378:into
1190:liver
1186:lungs
1141:islet
1123:(svz)
1113:GAD67
558:InChI
275:ChEBI
241:JSmol
9922:GABA
9849:GABA
9697:AOAA
9687:DABA
9633:AAOA
9559:GABA
9508:TACA
9443:DABA
9385:and
9376:GABA
9321:GABA
9258:DAVA
9188:BSPP
9183:BHFF
9078:GABA
9020:GABA
8996:Zinc
8942:ZAPA
8889:I4AA
8874:DAVA
8781:TAMP
8776:TACA
8733:GABA
8723:CAMP
8718:CACA
8694:GABA
8678:Zinc
8663:TETS
8648:TBPS
8643:TBOB
8575:and
8390:EBOB
8385:DMPC
8380:DMCM
8360:DHEA
8335:CHEB
8320:BIDN
8310:TBPO
8306:TBPS
8224:α3IA
8209:3M2B
7893:Kava
7748:2M2B
7730:here
7721:ZAPA
7696:TAMP
7691:TACA
7536:GABA
7526:DAVA
7478:GABA
7455:GABA
7224:here
7222:See
7166:NADA
7141:2-OG
7126:2-AG
7091:here
7089:See
6832:GABA
6806:NAAG
6791:GSSG
6786:GSNO
6200:PMID
6157:PMID
6104:PMID
6047:PMID
6012:PMID
5959:PMID
5914:PMID
5855:ISBN
5816:PMID
5773:PMID
5734:PMID
5712:GABA
5683:PMID
5648:PMID
5601:ISBN
5560:PMID
5552:ISSN
5517:PMID
5458:PMID
5409:PMID
5358:PMID
5348:ISBN
5336:GABA
5319:PMID
5273:PMID
5226:PMID
5163:PMID
5153:ISBN
5079:PMID
5058:PMID
5009:PMID
4972:PMID
4935:PMID
4898:PMID
4861:PMID
4832:PMID
4789:PMID
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