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1722:(Taboots) into river or ocean. The Hindus expanded their own Ganesh processions by walking through the streets, joyfully dancing and reciting their scriptural verses and ended their procession with a ceremonial immersion of Ganesh. The colonial British government attempted to introduce procession licence, to Muslims only, which Hindu leaders presented as evidence of discriminatory oppression by the Muslims and the British. The Hindu leaders such as Tilak defied any attempts to selectively stop the Hindu congregational gathering and processions associated with Ganesh Chaturthi. The right to organise processions and immersion rituals of Tazia by Muslims, and Ganesh by Hindus, have remained a religious and equal rights issue ever since, particularly when the religious calendars overlap.
872:(lit. "immersion") takes places, when the Ganesha images are immersed in a river, sea or water body. On the last day, the devotees come out in processions carrying the idols of Ganesha, culminating in immersion. It is believed that the god who comes to the earthly realm on Ganesh Chaturthi, returns to his celestial abode after immersion. The celebration of Ganesh Chaturthi also denotes the significance of the cycle of birth, life and death. It is believed that when the idol of the Ganesha is taken out for immersion, it also takes away with it the various obstacles of the house and these obstacles are destroyed along with the immersion. Every year, people wait with great anticipation to celebrate the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi.
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pressure from the Indian Muslim community. Tilak believed that this effectively blocked the public assembly of Hindus whose religion did not mandate daily prayers or weekly gatherings, and he leveraged this religious exemption to make Ganesh
Chaturthi to circumvent the British colonial law on large public assembly. He was the first to install large public images of Ganesha in pavilions in
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area), Detroit
Metropolitan area-Wayne State university, Mauritius, Malaysia and Singapore. The Mauritius festival dates back to 1896, and the Mauritian government has made it a public holiday. In Malaysia and Singapore, the festival is more commonly known as Vinayagar Chaturthi because of the large
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had repeatedly taken sides and not treated Hindus fairly because Hindus were not well organised. In Tilak's estimate, Ganesha worship and processions were already popular in rural and urban Hindu populations, across social castes and classes in Baroda, Gwalior, Pune and most of the
Maratha region in
592:
I followed with the greatest curiosity crowds who carried in procession an infinite number of idols of the God Ganesh. Each little quarter of the town, each family with its adherents, each little street corner I may almost say, organizes a procession of its own, and the poorest may be seen carrying
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The transformation of Ganesh
Chaturthi into a major annual religious and politically significant procession event started in 1894. According to Aslam Syed, the Ganesh Murti immersion ritual in the western states of India may have grown because the annual gathering and procession by Shia Muslims on
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The Madras High Court ruled in 2004 that immersion of Ganesh idols is unlawful because it incorporates chemicals that pollute the sea water. In Goa the sale of plaster-of-Paris
Ganesha idols has been banned by the state government and celebrants are encouraged to buy traditional, artisan-made clay
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Public celebrations of the festival are popular and are organized by local youth groups, neighborhood associations, or groups of tradespeople. Funds for the public festival are collected from members of the association arranging the celebration, local residents and businesses. The Ganesh idols and
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items or accessories a few days in advance and booking the Ganesh murti as early as a month beforehand (from local artisans). The murti is brought home either a day before or on the day of the Ganesh
Chaturthi itself. Families decorate a small, clean portion of the house with flowers and other
624:
Other scholars state that the
British Empire, after 1870 out of fear of seditious assemblies, had passed a series of ordinances that banned public assembly for social and political purposes of more than 20 people in British India, but exempted religious assembly for Friday mosque prayers under
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The festival features cultural activities such as singing, theatre and orchestral performances and community activities such as free medical checkups, blood-donation sites and donations to the poor. Ganesh
Chaturthi, in addition to its religious aspects, is an important economic activity in
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Due to environmental concerns, a number of families now avoid bodies of water and let the clay Murtis disintegrate in a barrel of water at home. After a few days, the clay is spread in the garden. In some cities a public, eco-friendly process is used for the immersion.
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617:, and dedicated his efforts to launch the annual domestic festival into a large, well-organised public event. Tilak recognised Ganesh's appeal as "the god for everybody", and according to Robert Brown, he chose Ganesha as the god that bridged "the gap between
533:, in particular, profusely praise him. Beyond textual interpretations, archaeological and epigraphical evidence suggest Ganesha had become popular, was revered before the 8th century CE and numerous images of him are traceable to the 7th century or earlier.
588:. Indian freedom fighter Lokmanya Tilak, championed it as a means to circumvent the colonial British government ban on Hindu gatherings through its anti-public assembly legislation in 1892. Lokmanya Tilak started the festival in Pune and Girgaon, Mumbai.
681:(leaves used for worshiping Ganesha or other gods), a picture is drawn on paper or small silver idols. In some households Ganesha idols are hidden, a feature unique to Ganesh Chaturthi in Goa due to a ban on clay Ganesha idols and festivals by the
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had banned Hindu festivals, and Hindus who did not convert to
Christianity were severely restricted. However, Hindu Goans continued to practice their religion despite the restrictions. Many families worship Ganesha in the form of
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Kolte, R.R., Kulkarni, R.S., Shinde, P.V., Padvekar, H.K., Magadum, V.G. and Apate, S.A., Studies on the ethnomedicinal plants used on the occasion of festivals with special reference to
Ratnagiri district from Maharashtra state
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According to Richard Cashman, Tilak recruited and passionately committed himself to god Ganesha after the 1893 Hindu-Muslim communal violence in Bombay and the Deccan riots, when he felt that the British India government under
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idols have been banned by the state government, but violations of this rule are often reported. Idols are also made of coconuts and other organic products. They are worshipped for several days in pandals and immersed in the
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in Maharashtra usually begins with "Padya pooja" or worshipping the feet of Ganesh. The Murtis are brought to "pandals" on the day or a day before the festival begins. The pandals have elaborate decoration and lighting.
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the 18th century. In 1893, Tilak helped expand Ganesh Chaturthi festival into a mass community event and a hidden means for political activism, intellectual discourse, poetry recitals, plays, concerts, and folk dances.
416:, in Maharashtra in the year 1893. It was a means to form a "Hindu nationalist identity" and rebel against British rule. Reading of texts, feasting, athletic and martial arts competitions are held at public venues.
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Panchakajjaya is an offering made to Lord Ganesh during this festival in parts of Karnataka. It is a mixture of desiccated coconut, roasted Bengal gram powder, sugar, ghee, and sesame. Different versions of
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colourful items before installing the idol. When the Murti is installed, it and its shrine are decorated with flowers and other materials. On the day of the festival, The ceremonial installation of the clay
1112:. Many artists, industries, and businesses earn a significant amount of their living from the festival, which is a stage for budding artists. Members of other religions also participate in the celebration.
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on a simple plank their little idol or of paper m├вch├й... A crowd, more or less numerous, accompanies the idol, clapping hands and raises cries of joy, while a little orchestra generally precedes the idol.
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903:(idol) is done along with chants of holy mantras and puja including bhajans during a certain auspicious period of the day. The Murti is worshipped in the morning and evening with offerings of flowers,
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and the Gauri festival, the former is observed with a fast by women on the day before Ganesh Chaturthi whilst the latter by the installation of Murtis of Gauris. In some communities such as the
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which literally means "guardian of the multitudes", referred specifically to later era Ganesh, nor do the Vedic texts mention Ganesh Chaturthi. It appears in post-Vedic texts such as the
412:
Although the origin of Ganesh Chaturthi remains unknown, it became increasingly popular after a public celebration was initiated by the prominent Anti-Colonial Freedom Fighter, Lokamanya
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as "the seer among the seers, abounding beyond measure in food presiding among the elders and being the lord of an invocation", while the shloka in mandala 10 states that without
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2967:... ready for delivery tomorrow to an 80-feet tall Ganesh Murti put up by Visakha Integrated Social Welfare Association supported by NRIs at the Gajuwaka area in Visakhapatnam.
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is a dumpling made from rice or wheat flour, stuffed with grated coconut, jaggery, dried fruits and other condiments and steamed or fried. Another popular sweet dish is the
892:, Ganesh Chaturthi is known as Ganeshotsav. Families install small clay Murtis for worship during the festival. At home, the festival preparation includes purchases such as
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was allowed by the colonial British government in the 19th and early 20th century, and after the ritual mourning of the death of the 7th century Imam, they would immerse
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The Philadelphia Ganesh Festival is one of the most popular celebrations of Ganesh Chaturthi in North America, and it is also celebrated in Canada (particularly in the
171:
A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
309:
The festival celebrates Ganesha as the God of New Beginnings and the Remover of Obstacles as well as the god of wisdom and intelligence and is observed throughout the
603:
According to others such as Kaur, the festival became a public event later, in 1892 when Bhausaheb Laxman Javale (also known as Bhau Rangari), installed the first
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993:(an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum) are played during the rituals. The harvest festival, Navyachi Pancham, is celebrated the next day; freshly harvested
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will be celebrated for 21 days starting from Vinayaka Chavithi day. The processional deity of Vinayaka (Ganesh) will be taken in a procession on different
169:. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.
136:
is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements:
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The date for the festival is usually decided by the presence of Chaturthi Thithi. The festival is held during "Bhadrapada Madyahanaa Purvabaddha". If the
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2069:рд╣рд╡рд╛рдорд╣реЗ рдХрд╡рд┐рдВ рдХрд╡реАрдирд╛рдореБрдкрдорд╢реНрд░рд╡рд╕реНрддрдордореН ред рдЬреНрдпреЗрд╖реНрдард░рд╛рдЬрдВ рдмреНрд░рд╣реНрдордгрд╛рдВ рдмреНрд░рд╣реНрдордгрд╕реНрдкрдд рдЖ рдирдГ рд╢реГрдгреНрд╡рдиреНрдиреВрддрд┐рднрд┐рдГ рд╕реАрдж рд╕рд╛рджрдирдореН реерезрее; For translation, see Grimes (1995), pp. 17тАУ19
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accompanying Musti are installed in temporary shelters, known as mandaps or pandals. Public preparations begin months in advance. The making of the
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1231:-based organisation, celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi for the first time in London in 2005 at the Vishwa Hindu Temple; and the idol was immersed in the
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Although it is unknown when (or how) Ganesh Chaturthi was first observed, the festival has been publicly celebrated in Pune since the era of King
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Courtright, Paul B. (28 February 1988). "The Ganesh Festival in Maharashtra: Some Observations". In Zelliot, Eleanor; Berntsen, Maxine (eds.).
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In India, Ganesh Chaturthi is primarily celebrated at home and in public by local community groups in the central and western states of
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is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting, then immersed in a nearby body of water such as a river or sea, called
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Modaka are sweet dumplings, the traditional offerings and prasada in Ganesh Chaturthi. Left: steamed with fillings, Right: Fried
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begins at night on the previous day and gets over by morning on next day, then the next day is observed as Vinayaka Chaturthi.
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816:(Jaswand) flowers are offered to the idol. Depending on the region and time zone, the ceremony commences with hymns from the
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3221:"Ganesh Chaturthi 2020: Puja Vidhi, Shubh Muhurat, Fasting, Vrat Katha and Ganpati Visarjan information тАУ Times of India"
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It is thought as many as 18,000 people attended from across Essex, Kent, Middlesex, London, the Midlands and even India.
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precedes Ganesh Chaturthi, and people across the state wish each other well. In Andhra Pradesh, Ganesh Murtis of clay (
469:"nothing nearby or afar is performed without you", according to Michael. However, it is uncertain that the Vedic term
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Basu, Helene (2018). "Gujarat". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.).
2097:(1954), The meaning of Ganapati, The Adyar library bulletin X V III. Madras: The Sanvi!! Adyar Library, pp. 110тАУ11
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and modaks (jaggery and coconut flakes wrapped in rice flour dumplings). The worship ends with the singing of an
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In Pakistan, Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations are conducted by the Shri Maharashtra Panchayat, an organisation for
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in the 18th century were devotees of Ganesha and started as a public Ganesh festival in their capital city of
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as it is believed to be a favourite of Lord Ganesha. The festival ends on the tenth day after start, when the
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607:(public) Ganesha idol in Pune. In 1893, the Indian freedom fighter Lokmanya Tilak praised the celebration of
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99 thoughts on Ganesh : [stories, symbols and rituals of India's beloved elephant-headed deity]
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2082:рддреНрд╡рд╛рдорд╛рд╣реБрд░реНрд╡рд┐рдкреНрд░рддрдордВ рдХрд╡реАрдирд╛рдореН ред рдиgdрдЛрддреЗ рддреНрд╡рддреНрдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрддреЗ рдХрд┐рдВ рдЪрдирд╛рд░реЗ рдорд╣рд╛рдорд░реНрдХрдВ рдордШрд╡рдЮреНрдЪрд┐рддреНрд░рдорд░реНрдЪ реерепрее тАУ Rigveda 10.112.9;
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idols. Recent initiatives to produce traditional clay Ganesh idols in Hyderabad have been sponsored by the
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2888:"Chaurchan Festival 2021 : рдмрд┐рд╣рд╛рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдЧрдгреЗрд╢ рдЪрддреБрд░реНрдереА рдХреЛ рдордирд╛рдИ рдЬрд╛рддреА рдЪреМрд░рдЪрди рдкреВрдЬрд╛, рдЬрд╛рдирд┐рдП рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЪрдВрджреНрд░ рджреЛрд╖"
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1490:. Environmental concern is also making people in Gujarat to opt for Ganesh Idols made with a mixture of
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Bal Gangadhar Tilak: A Narrative and Interpretative Review of His Life, Career and Contemporary Events
1731:"Gaс╣Зe┼Ыacat┼лrth─л has only recently gained some significance and is celebrated mostly in the big cities"
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is sung. Family traditions differ about when to end the celebration. Domestic celebrations end after
272:(temporary stages). Observances include chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts, such as prayers and
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and non-Brahmins", thereby building a grassroots unity across them to oppose British colonial rule.
540:, dated between the 5th and 8th-century show Ganesha reverentially seated with major Hindu goddess (
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409:. In the Gregorian calendar, Ganesh Chaturthi falls between 22 August and 20 September every year.
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5 and 7, & 9, 11 days after the start and 21 days after the start only in some regions of India
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to invite Ganesh like a guest. This is followed by the 16-step Shodashopachara ritual, (Sanskrit:
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Handbook of Religion and the Asian City: Aspiration and Urbanization in the Twenty-First Century
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Sohoni, Ashutosh (2011). "Ganesh Temple at Tasgaon: Apotheosis of Maratha Temple Architecture".
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is conducted. Communities who ordinarily eat seafood refrain from doing so during the festival.
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Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Volume 2
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2861:"рдЪреМрд░рдЪрди рдХреЗ рджрд┐рди рдХреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИ рд╢реНрд░рд╛рдкрд┐рдд рдЪрдВрджреНрд░ рдХреА рдкреВрдЬрд╛, рдЬрд╛рдирд┐рдпреЗ рдорд╣рддреНрддреНрд╡, рдХрдерд╛ рдФрд░ рд╢реБрдн рдореБрд╣реВрд░реНрдд | Jansatta"
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1433:(a cooked rice flour and jaggery mixture) are offered to Ganesh. These offerings are known as
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In preparation for the festival, artisans create clay models of Ganesha for sale. The images (
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3775:"рдЕрдлреНрд░реАрдХрд╛ рдХреЗ рдШрд╛рдирд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд░ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд╡рд┐рд░рд╛рдЬрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдЧрдгрдкрддрд┐, 50 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд╕реЗ рдзреВрдордзрд╛рдо рд╕реЗ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ 'рдмрдкреНрдкрд╛ рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрд╡рд╛рдЧрдд'"
3271:"Tv9 Gujarat тАУ Hindu-Muslim celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi together, Ahmedabad". TV9 (Gujarati).
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3971:"Ganesh Chaturthi 2020: Artists make eco-friendly cow dung 'Vedic' Ganpati idols in Gujarat"
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Performative Politics and the Cultures of Hinduism: Public Uses of Religion in Western India
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from the daily prayers, that are distributed from the pandal to the community, include
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and clay. These are marketed as "Vedic Ganesh idols" by the organization making them.
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268:(devotional representations of a deity) privately in homes and publicly on elaborate
3990:"Eco-friendly 'Ganesh Visarjan' save water and soil from getting polluted in Indore"
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A devotee carries a box of Ganesha Murthi into the North Sea at Clacton-on-Sea, UK.
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1977:"Ganesh Chaturthi тАУ CONCURSO FOTOGR├БFICO: MIGRACIONES INTERNACIONALES Y FRONTERAS"
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Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz.
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Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: district gazetteer, Volume 1
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2794:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp.
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and Parab or Parva ("auspicious celebration"); it begins on the third day of the
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in composition and taste but in a semicircular shape. This sweet meal is called
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A domestic celebration of Ganesh during Ganesh Chaturthi in a Maharashtrian home
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Though not alluding to the classical form of Ganapati, the earliest mention of
349:. Ganesh Chaturthi is also observed by the Hindu diaspora elsewhere such as in
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Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius
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3131:
Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Directorate of Archives, Archaeology, and Museum.
1153:
6205:
5948:
5868:
5843:
5700:
5695:
5580:
5525:
5229:
4894:
4833:
4823:
4738:
4622:
4582:
4537:
3868:
3389:
2672:
2398:
2228:
1141:
1097:
986:
833:
523:
517:
461:
2.23.1, as well as in shloka 10.112.9. Both of these shlokas imply a role of
402:
82:
Chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts, prayers, processions, idol immersion
3586:"Liverpool Echo: Latest Liverpool and Merseyside news, sports and what's on"
1828:
1255:, in the North Sea at Clacton-on-Sea, and Caldecotte Lake in Milton Keynes.
842:
is performed with friends and family, typically in the morning and evening.
6072:
5863:
5787:
5782:
5767:
5545:
5509:
5494:
5150:
5025:
5015:
4879:
4808:
4783:
4773:
4728:
4212:
1681:
1457:
1448:
1248:
1232:
783:
537:
475:
398:
246:
236:
226:
216:
5673:
2537:
536:
For example, carvings at Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples such as at the
6140:
5978:
5943:
5933:
5928:
5888:
5627:
5575:
5530:
5010:
4969:
4818:
4753:
4642:
4527:
4482:
4367:
4362:
4324:
4068:
2951:"Andhra laddu-maker eyes to break own Guinness Record with 8000 kg laddu"
1642:
1236:
1005:
970:
947:
889:
742:
706:
581:
577:
491:
354:
314:
256:
1200:
Ganesha Murthi are carried out into the North Sea at Clacton-on-Sea, UK.
5983:
5908:
5731:
5595:
5585:
5020:
4788:
4647:
4632:
4627:
4497:
4096:
3876:
3844:
3604:"Colourful Hindu celebrations with public procession return to seaside"
1081:
974:
825:
738:
338:
5058:
2236:
6135:
6119:
5923:
5746:
5659:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5504:
4798:
4763:
4743:
4697:
4662:
4532:
4522:
3950:
3246:"Kolhapur Muslims mark Ganesh festival with Hindu brothers in mosque"
3106:"Traditions from all over Maharashtra merge to welcome Gauri in Pune"
2204:
1612:
1423:
1352:
1252:
1177:
1101:
1093:
955:
757:
734:
726:
718:
394:
386:
370:
362:
350:
330:
322:
212:
4088:
1028:
6160:
5622:
5600:
5550:
5235:
4989:
4924:
4864:
4733:
4707:
4687:
4657:
4602:
4462:
4301:
4258:
4253:
3860:
2083:
1715:
1491:
1435:
1228:
1227:
population living there. The Hindu Culture and Heritage Society, a
1124:
1077:
990:
813:
618:
382:
366:
30:
4597:
3946:"Ganesha immersion: temple's awareness campaign finds many takers"
3629:
1188:
on these days amidst large number of pilgrims across the country.
1039:
6165:
6150:
5938:
5565:
5442:
4175:
2062:
1657:
1597:
1535:
GSB Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav Samiti Shree Ram Mandir, Wadala Mumbai
1380:
1340:
1259:
1109:
1105:
981:
and Shiva are worshipped by women, who fast. Instruments such as
978:
817:
799:
769:
714:
693:
682:
561:
512:
449:
438:
306:. In Mumbai alone, around 150,000 murtis are immersed annually.
280:
262:. The festival is marked with the installation of Lord Ganesha's
259:
98:
Varies depending on lunar cycle as per Hindu calendar or Panchang
3829:. Goa, Daman and Diu (India). Gazetteer Dept. 1979. p. 258.
3461:
2790:
The Myth of the Lokamanya Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
2757:
The Myth of the Lokamanya Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
2724:
The Myth of the Lokamanya Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
2574:
The Myth of the Lokamanya Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
2369:
The Myth of the Lokamanya Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
584:
until its revival by Indian freedom fighter and social reformer
6114:
6082:
6025:
5918:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5654:
5649:
5555:
5535:
5499:
5176:
5145:
4667:
4492:
4487:
4281:
4114:
3653:
2636:
Indian Secularism: A Social and Intellectual History, 1890тАУ1950
1848:
1552:
1160:
a procession marches from the Pazhavangadi Ganapathi Temple to
1145:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1033:
982:
829:
746:
698:
569:
552:
541:
458:
406:
378:
358:
326:
269:
3536:"Thousands turn out for Hindu Festival at Shoebury East Beach"
3158:
3156:
2779:
2455:
Metcalf, Thomas R.; Metcalf, Barbara Daly (26 November 2001).
1292:
6155:
6145:
5858:
4994:
4712:
4702:
4672:
4567:
4562:
4557:
3845:"Ritual as Language: The Case of South Indian Food Offerings"
2179:
The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra
1951:"Festivals, Cultural Events and Public Holidays in Mauritius"
1582:
1392:
1308:
1131:
in the Tamil calendar. The idols are usually made of clay or
1089:
1052:
913:
908:
899:
847:
808:
765:
750:
346:
295:
290:
274:
264:
63:
2981:"What is the story behind the tradition of Ganesh visarjan?"
2547:
Understanding Ga┼Жapati: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult
2454:
2100:
2046:
2044:
5570:
5155:
4828:
4587:
4507:
4195:
3153:
1627:
1567:
1452:
1065:
1044:
951:
390:
1418:(a jaggery-, black pepper- and cardamom-flavoured drink),
1391:
in Goa and is synonymous with Ganesh festival amongst the
2404:
India: rebellion to republic, selected writings 1857тАУ1990
2124:
2112:
2041:
959:
722:
342:
3511:"Karachi celebrates Ganeshotsav with much zest and zeal"
950:, Ganeshotsav also incorporates other festivals, namely
3654:
Kalyana Ramanathan; Indira Kannan (11 September 2010).
2606:
Aslam Syed (2014). David Jones; Michele Marion (eds.).
1904:
The Divine Hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in Central India
1220:
515:
in the form of "god of success, obstacle remover". The
3326:"Idol makers in Madurai take to eco-friendly Ganeshas"
2609:
The Dynamics of Cultural Counterpoint in Asian Studies
2282:
2182:. State University of New York Press. pp. 76тАУ94.
640:
Why shouldn't we convert the large religious festivals
576:
during the month of Bhadrapad. After the start of the
3907:
3375:
2535:
For Tilak as the first to use large public images in
697:
Artist preparing Ganesha's image for the festival in
4155:
2171:
2169:
1932:
1671:
1443:
traditionally holds 21 pieces of the sweet. In Goa,
2699:. University of California Press. pp. 95тАУ100.
2515:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 9.
2487:
The Legacy of G.S. Ghurye: A Centennial Festschrift
2341:
Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia
1469:are made. Roasted Bengal gram, green gram, roasted
997:is brought home from the fields (or temples) and a
4067:
4022:(1992 reprint ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3681:"Mauritius takes the day off for Ganesh Chaturthi"
2787:
2754:
2752:
2721:
2719:
2692:
2571:
2569:
2456:
2366:
2364:
1901:
1869:
1829:"Ganesh Chaturthi 2019 in India тАУ Dates & Map"
1780:. Oxford University Press. pp. 82, 254, 458.
864:On the last day of the festival, the tradition of
479:and thereafter ancient Sanskrit texts such as the
2999:"Essential Guide to the Ganesh Festival in India"
2166:
1881:
6203:
3135:. Panaji-Goa: The Directorate, 1984. p. 94.
2248:
2246:
2065:, shloka 2.23.1, Wikisource, Quote: рдЧрдгрд╛рдирд╛рдВ рддреНрд╡рд╛
1899:
1807:. Oxford University Press. pp. 68тАУ69, 132.
965:In Goa, Ganesh Chaturthi is known as Chavath in
629:, and other celebratory events at the festival.
5798:International Society for Krishna Consciousness
3716:. University of California Press. p. 153.
3022:. New Delhi: Mittal publications. p. 144.
2661:"HC's 2-hour immersion breather for home Pujas"
1773:
3306:. India Today. Headlines Today. 24 August 2009
3304:"Hindu, Muslim families celebrate Ganesh Puja"
2632:
2333:
2331:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1307:The primary sweet dish during the festival is
5458:
5074:
4446:
4141:
4020:Gaс╣Зe┼Ыa: A Monograph on the Elephant-Faced God
3801:"Ganesh Chaturthi festival fervour grips Goa"
3411:"Raid against idols made of plaster of paris"
2397:
2337:
2256:Gane┼Ыa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings
2243:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2020:
1997:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
1953:. Mauritius Tourism Authority. Archived from
1939:. Editions de l'Oc├йan Indien. pp. 21тАУ22.
1855:. University of Illinois Press. p. 332.
1769:
1767:
1414:(steamed, coarsely ground rice-flour balls),
917:in honour of Ganesh, other Gods and Saints.
189:
3509:Sutar, Kamlesh Damodar (13 September 2016).
3145:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3049:. Arlington, MA: Arun Shanbag. p. 163.
2639:. Indiana University Press. pp. 58тАУ61.
2278:
2276:
2259:. Oxford University Press. pp. 230тАУ37.
2205:"The Changing Character of a Hindu Festival"
1800:
1191:
836:are chanted. In Maharashtra as well as Goa,
313:by Hindus, especially in the states such as
55:Chavithi, Chouthi, Ganeshotsav, Gauri Ganesh
3839:
3112:. No. 30 August 2017. HT Media Limited
2761:. University of California Press. pp.
2728:. University of California Press. pp.
2463:. Cambridge University Press. p. 150.
2328:
1844:
1842:
1745:
1523:A Ganesh idol in a home during the festival
1115:In Tamil Nadu, the festival, also known as
5465:
5451:
5081:
5067:
4453:
4439:
4148:
4134:
3897:. BBC News тАУ South Asia. 8 September 2004.
2605:
2578:. University of California Press. p.
2373:. University of California Press. p.
2252:
2175:
2136:
2014:
1993:
1849:Patrick Taylor; Frederick I. Case (2013).
1764:
196:
182:
29:
3709:
3476:
3069:
3019:Festivals In Indian Society (2 Vols. Set)
2601:
2599:
2543:(pavilions or tents) see: Thapan, p. 225.
2273:
3910:"Goa bans plaster of Paris Ganesh idols"
3908:Special Correspondent (29 August 2013).
3376:Special Correspondent (24 August 2017).
1839:
1777:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets
1203:
1195:
1038:
1027:
879:
692:
551:
423:
5088:
4065:
3745:"Hindus celebrate Vinayagar Chathurthi"
3378:"Plaster of Paris Ganesha idols banned"
3076:. Mumbai: Jaico Pub House. p. 61.
3042:
2847:Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online
2785:
2202:
2130:
2118:
2050:
1852:The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions
1508:Cultural depictions of Ganesh Chaturthi
1480:
1167:
928:", composed by the 17th-century saint,
875:
688:
428:Ganesha, Basohli miniature, circa 1730.
6204:
5413:
5208:Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce
5116:Indian National Congress - Freedom Era
4036:
3182:
3015:
2885:
2596:
2544:
2299:
2147:
2106:
2056:
1908:. Columbia University Press. pp.
1804:A Historical Dictionary of Indian Food
1488:Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board
1239:. Another celebration, organised by a
1219:Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated in the
1016:) are usually worshipped at home with
668:In Goa, Ganesh Chaturthi predates the
635:God Ganesh: political obstacle remover
5446:
5062:
4434:
4129:
4056:
4017:
3928:"The Environmentally Friendly Ganesh"
3819:
3508:
3009:
2510:
2483:
1893:
1887:
1875:
1023:
47:Vinayaka Chaturthi, Vinayaka Chavithi
5401:
3988:Zha, Bagish K. (20 September 2013).
3968:
3630:"Ganesh Utsav Samithi Milton Keynes"
3103:
2978:
2844:
2812:
2427:
2152:. Cosmo Publications. p. 2514.
1123:, falls on the fourth day after the
6186:Bengali Hindu mythology and culture
3987:
3891:"Ganesha immersions ruled unlawful"
3793:
3634:Ganesh Utsav Samithi, Milton Keynes
3484:"All set for Kanipakam temple fest"
3188:
2434:. Permanent Black. pp. 38тАУ48.
2027:. Penguin Books. pp. 143тАУ146.
13:
5472:
3751:. 9 September 2013. Archived from
851:s) range in size from 20 mm (
14:
6268:
4107:
4069:"The Origin of the Ganapati Cult"
3046:Prarthana: A Book of Hindu Psalms
2549:. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.
2490:. Popular Prakashan. p. 95.
798:, process) during which coconut,
5828:Yogoda Satsanga Society of India
5672:
5424:
5412:
5400:
5389:
5388:
5039:
5038:
4461:
4415:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4395:
4394:
4157:Festivals in the Sindhi calendar
4113:
3954:. 11 August 2006. Archived from
3841:Ferro-Luzzi, Gabriella Eichinger
3568:"River marks religious ceremony"
3436:"Ganesh Chaturthi Pooja Rituals"
2308:(1). Informa UK Limited: 51тАУ73.
1761:, Encyclop├жdia Britannica (2014)
1759:Ganesh Chaturthi: Hindu Festival
1690:Cultural depictions of elephants
1674:
1649:
1634:
1619:
1604:
1589:
1574:
1559:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1402:In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
1291:
1282:
768:which is related to Ganesha and
4468:Festivals in the Hindu calendar
4061:, Delhi: Indological Book House
4011:
3981:
3969:Sahu, Manish (21 August 2020).
3962:
3938:
3920:
3901:
3883:
3833:
3767:
3737:
3703:
3673:
3647:
3622:
3596:
3578:
3560:
3528:
3502:
3446:
3428:
3403:
3369:
3343:
3318:
3296:
3264:
3238:
3213:
3124:
3097:
3063:
3036:
2991:
2979:Sahu, Manish (21 August 2020).
2972:
2943:
2930:
2905:
2879:
2853:
2838:
2746:
2713:
2686:
2653:
2626:
2563:
2529:
2513:Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God
2504:
2477:
2448:
2421:
2391:
2358:
2293:
2283:Trimbak Vishnu Parvate (1958).
2196:
2088:
2072:
1987:
1969:
1943:
1725:
1707:
1263:Tamil-speaking Hindu minority.
1174:Varasidhi Vinayaka Swamy Temple
5778:Brahmo Conference Organisation
5141:Nationalist Movements in India
3574:. BBC News. 14 September 2008.
3191:"Bringing the local beat back"
2612:. SUNY Press. pp. 97тАУ98.
1926:
1821:
1794:
1243:group, has been celebrated in
1152:, which falls in the month of
1148:the festival is also known as
786:ceremony, a priest performs a
749:and in North eastern state of
1:
5344:Shrimadh Bhagvad Gita Rahasya
3781:(in Hindi). 11 September 2019
2955:Daily News and Analysis India
2820:"Of fervour & Traditions"
2344:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 178тАУ80.
2289:. Navajivan. pp. 96тАУ102.
2221:10.1525/aa.1954.56.1.02a00070
2078:Sanskrit Original: рдирд┐ рд╖реБ рд╕реАрдж
1994:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002).
1933:Ramesh Dutt Ramdoyal (1990).
1738:
642:into mass political rallies?
6217:Religious festivals in India
5954:Swami Vivekananda's Birthday
5330:The Arctic Home in the Vedas
5293:Tilak Maharashtra University
5106:Indian Independence Movement
3164:"Ganesh Chaturhi or Chovoth"
2886:Rajesh (10 September 2021).
2786:Cashman, Richard I. (1975).
2545:Thapan, Anita Raina (1997).
2407:. Stirling. pp. 40тАУ41.
2314:10.1080/02666030.2011.556011
2253:Courtright, Paul B. (1985).
2000:. Rosen. pp. 237, 697.
1270:celebrate Ganesh Chaturthi.
685:as part of the Inquisition.
7:
5813:Self-Realization Fellowship
5213:Kirti M. Doongursee College
4346:Hyderabad Literary Festival
3710:Eisenlohr, Patrick (2006).
3608:Clacton and Frinton Gazette
3454:"OM GAM: GANAPATHAYE NAMAH"
3070:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2011).
2753:Richard I. Cashman (1975).
2720:Richard I. Cashman (1975).
2693:Peter van der Veer (2015).
2570:Richard I. Cashman (1975).
2538:
2365:Richard I. Cashman (1975).
1667:
989:(рддрд╛рд│(taal) in Konkani) and
920:In Maharashtra the Marathi
725:and the southern states of
564:(1630тАУ1680, founder of the
547:
247:
237:
227:
217:
10:
6273:
5136:Kesari (Marathi newspaper)
5121:All India Home Rule League
4040:Ganapati: Song of the Self
3197:. The Goan. Archived from
2459:A Concise History of India
1981:investigacion.cchs.csic.es
1501:
907:(strands of young grass),
760:festival is celebrated in
453:. It appears twice in the
436:
432:
419:
6178:
6128:
6107:
6100:
6060:
6039:
6008:
6001:
5836:
5755:
5719:
5688:
5681:
5670:
5518:
5487:
5480:
5384:
5353:
5321:
5313:Tilak Smarak Ranga Mandir
5303:Tilak Nagar metro station
5285:
5244:
5221:
5185:
5164:
5096:
5034:
5003:
4978:
4950:Shravana Putrada Ekadashi
4847:
4721:
4611:
4546:
4475:
4390:
4376:
4354:
4341:Sindh Literature Festival
4333:
4315:
4163:
2511:Brown, Robert L. (1991).
1900:Lawrence A. Babb (1975).
1192:Celebration outside India
1180:, Andhra Pradesh, annual
1144:the following Sunday. In
278:(fasting). Offerings and
177:
125:
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
70:
59:
51:
43:
28:
23:
6252:Hindu festivals in Nepal
6247:Hindu festivals in India
6237:Festivals in Maharashtra
5361:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
5277:Vishnushastri Chiplunkar
5262:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
5193:Deccan Education Society
5111:Indian National Congress
4779:Kashmiri Hindu festivals
4383:List of Sindhi festivals
4359:Sindhi Muslims Holidays
4037:Grimes, John A. (1995),
3440:ganeshchaturthigifts.com
3162:
2203:Barnouw, Victor (1954).
2150:The Indian Encyclopaedia
1774:Darra Goldstein (2015).
1700:
1273:
595:тАУ Angelo de Gubernatis,
511:appears in the medieval
16:Hindu religious festival
5773:Bharat Sevashram Sangha
5308:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
4915:Pausha Putrada Ekadashi
4066:Michael, S. M. (1983).
4059:The Problem of Ganapati
2633:Shabnum Tejani (2008).
2428:Kaur, Raminder (2003).
2209:American Anthropologist
2148:Kapoor, Subodh (2002).
1477:) or aval can be used.
609:Sarvajanik Ganesh Utsav
6242:Festivals in Telangana
6191:Bengali Hindu diaspora
5879:Dhamrai Jagannath Roth
5267:Vasudev Balwant Phadke
5131:Sarvajanik Ganeshotsav
4420:Sindhi Hindu festivals
4077:Asian Folklore Studies
3043:Shanbag, Arun (2007).
2338:Christian Roy (2005).
2109:, pp. 17тАУ19, 201.
2021:Royina Grewal (2009).
1936:Festivals of Mauritius
1611:Immersion of idols in
1209:
1201:
1047:
1036:
885:
822:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
741:and eastern states of
702:
645:
601:
557:
530:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
429:
148:(lunar fortnight) and
6232:September observances
6052:Rabindra Nritya Natya
4018:Getty, Alice (1936).
3807:. PTI. 29 August 2014
3104:Bari, Prachi (2017).
3016:Sharma, Usha (2008).
2826:. TOI. 29 August 2008
2484:Momin, A. R. (1996).
1801:K. T. Achaya (2001).
1268:ethnic African Hindus
1207:
1199:
1042:
1031:
926:Sukhakarta Dukhaharta
883:
696:
632:
590:
555:
437:Further information:
427:
385:, other parts of the
5818:Sri Aurobindo Ashram
5371:Subhash Chandra Bose
5298:Tilak Maidan Stadium
5272:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
4269:Diyari - Laxmi Pooja
4122:at Wikimedia Commons
3849:Current Anthropology
3464:on 25 September 2015
1695:1994 plague in India
1481:Environmental impact
1168:At prominent temples
1150:Lamboodhara Piranalu
876:Domestic celebration
689:Celebration in India
128:Hindu festival dates
5090:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4935:Sankashti Chaturthi
4920:Prabodhini Ekadashi
4693:Sajibu Nongma Panba
4513:Krishna Janmashtami
4287:Krishna Janmashtami
4234:Krishna Janmashtami
4218:Gogio - Nag Panchmi
4171:Sindhi Cultural Day
3749:The Malaysian Times
3656:"Non-resident gods"
3610:. 14 September 2023
3252:. 18 September 2010
3170:. Government of Goa
2957:. 16 September 2015
2913:"Rituals Explained"
2302:South Asian Studies
2024:The Book of Ganesha
1032:Ganesh Visarjan in
414:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
375:Trinidad and Tobago
311:Indian subcontinent
243:Vinayagar Chaturthi
122:
6227:August observances
6068:Vaishnava Padavali
5203:Willingdon College
4981:Balinese festivals
4960:Varuthini Ekadashi
4955:Vaikuntha Ekadashi
4900:Naraka Chaturdashi
4870:Ananta Chaturdashi
4275:Guru Nanak Jayanti
4057:Heras, H. (1972),
3994:The Times of India
3958:on 13 August 2006.
3934:. 21 October 2011.
3805:The Indian Express
3691:on 5 December 2017
3542:. 1 September 2009
3490:. 4 September 2016
3415:The Times of India
3357:. 6 September 2018
3330:The Times of India
3225:The Times of India
3189:Singbal, Anwesha.
2917:thehindutemple.org
2824:The Times of India
2667:. 7 October 2016.
2665:The Times of India
2133:, pp. 109тАУ10.
2121:, pp. 107тАУ09.
2053:, pp. 99тАУ102.
1957:on 20 January 2012
1596:Immersion in sea,
1210:
1202:
1162:Shankumugham Beach
1158:Thiruvananthapuram
1121:Pillayar Chaturthi
1117:Vinayaka Chaturthi
1048:
1037:
1024:Public celebration
886:
832:(prayer) from the
703:
652:, 8 September 1896
611:in his newspaper,
558:
486:Yajnavalkya Smriti
481:Vajasaneyi Samhita
430:
304:Ananta Chaturdashi
248:Vin─Бyagar Caturth─л
223:Vinayaka Chaturthi
120:
6199:
6198:
6174:
6173:
6096:
6095:
6088:Hungry generation
6031:Bishnupur gharana
5997:
5996:
5808:Ramakrishna Order
5668:
5667:
5440:
5439:
5376:Chapekar brothers
5257:Bipin Chandra Pal
5198:Fergusson College
5126:Swadeshi movement
5056:
5055:
4794:Mahalakshmi Vrata
4638:Chaitra Navaratri
4549:Harvest festivals
4428:
4427:
4118:Media related to
3755:on 29 August 2017
3660:Business Standard
3540:Southend Standard
3458:Ganeshotsavam.org
3284:Missing or empty
3201:on 26 August 2014
3168:goatourism.gov.in
3083:978-81-8495-152-3
3056:978-0-9790081-0-8
3029:978-81-8324-113-7
2772:978-0-520-02407-6
2739:978-0-520-02407-6
2706:978-0-520-96108-1
2646:978-0-253-22044-8
2619:978-1-4384-5191-6
2589:978-0-520-02407-6
2582:with footnote 1.
2497:978-81-7154-831-6
2441:978-81-7824-047-3
2384:978-0-520-02407-6
2351:978-1-57607-089-5
2266:978-0-19-503572-8
2189:978-1-4384-2477-4
2159:978-81-7755-257-7
2063:Rigveda Mandala 2
2034:978-0-14-306760-3
2007:978-0-8239-3179-8
1919:978-0-231-08387-4
1862:978-0-252-09433-0
1814:978-0-19-565868-2
1787:978-0-19-931361-7
1641:Juinagarcha-Raja
1439:, and a plate of
1014:Siddhi Vinayakudu
1004:In Karnataka the
756:On the same day,
648:тАФLokmanya Tilak,
627:Bombay Presidency
233:Vinayaka Chavithi
228:Vin─Бyaka Caturth─л
221:), also known as
206:
205:
118:
117:
6264:
6105:
6104:
6016:Rabindra Sangeet
6006:
6005:
5944:Jagaddhatri Puja
5904:Vishwakarma Puja
5899:Ganesh Chaturthi
5849:Rabindra Jayanti
5803:Matua Mahasangha
5763:Adi Brahmo Samaj
5711:Matuasmritokotha
5686:
5685:
5676:
5485:
5484:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5431:Wikisource texts
5428:
5416:
5415:
5404:
5403:
5392:
5391:
5337:The Orion (book)
5083:
5076:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5047:
5042:
5041:
4982:
4945:Shayani Ekadashi
4910:Nirjala Ekadashi
4875:Ashadhi Ekadashi
4860:Amalaka Ekadashi
4615:
4550:
4503:Ganesh Chaturthi
4469:
4465:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4432:
4431:
4418:
4417:
4410:Sindhi festivals
4408:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4240:Ganesh Chaturthi
4150:
4143:
4136:
4127:
4126:
4120:Ganesh Chaturthi
4117:
4100:
4074:
4071:
4062:
4053:
4033:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3687:. Archived from
3685:aglobalworld.com
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3460:. Archived from
3450:
3444:
3443:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2865:www.jansatta.com
2857:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2760:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2577:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2541:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2372:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2076:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1907:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1835:. 17 March 2023.
1825:
1819:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1711:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1563:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1397:Konkani diaspora
1295:
1286:
1137:Plaster of Paris
1127:in the month of
1043:Ganpati idol in
1018:plaster of Paris
1012:) and turmeric (
1010:Matti Vinayakudu
945:
944:
940:
937:
860:
859:
855:
788:Prana Pratishtha
653:
447:is found in the
250:
240:
238:Vin─Бyaka Cavith─л
230:
220:
209:Ganesh Chaturthi
198:
191:
184:
123:
121:Explanatory note
119:
66:around the world
60:Observed by
33:
24:Ganesh Chaturthi
21:
20:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6257:Hindu holy days
6212:Hindu festivals
6202:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6170:
6124:
6092:
6056:
6035:
5993:
5974:Maha Shivaratri
5959:Makar Sankranti
5854:Akshaya Tritiya
5832:
5823:Vedanta Society
5793:Gaudiya Mission
5751:
5715:
5677:
5664:
5514:
5476:
5471:
5441:
5436:
5380:
5349:
5317:
5281:
5252:Lala Lajpat Rai
5240:
5217:
5181:
5160:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5057:
5052:
5046:Hindu festivals
5045:
5030:
4999:
4980:
4974:
4965:Vasant Panchami
4885:Kamada Ekadashi
4855:Akshaya Tritiya
4843:
4839:Vaikasi Visakam
4804:Panguni Uthiram
4769:Karthika Deepam
4759:Hanuman Jayanti
4722:Other festivals
4717:
4683:Pahela Baishakh
4653:Mesha Sankranti
4614:New year's days
4613:
4607:
4578:Makar Sankranti
4573:Maghe Sankranti
4548:
4542:
4518:Maha Shivaratri
4476:Major festivals
4471:
4467:
4459:
4429:
4424:
4386:
4372:
4350:
4334:Literary Events
4329:
4317:Sindhi New Year
4311:
4307:Hanuman Jayanti
4297:Makar Sankranti
4292:Maha Shivaratri
4254:Navratra Starts
4164:Major festivals
4159:
4154:
4110:
4089:10.2307/1178368
4072:
4051:
4030:
4014:
4009:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3986:
3982:
3967:
3963:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3906:
3902:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3838:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3355:The News Minute
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3161:
3154:
3138:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3110:Hindustan Times
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3014:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2977:
2973:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2336:
2329:
2298:
2294:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2251:
2244:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2146:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2077:
2073:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1847:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1626:Celebration in
1624:
1615:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1549:Lalbaugcha Raja
1545:
1536:
1533:
1524:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1483:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1245:Southend-on-Sea
1194:
1170:
1026:
942:
938:
935:
933:
878:
866:Ganesh visarjan
857:
853:
852:
828:and the Ganesh
777:Chaturthi Thiti
691:
674:Goa Inquisition
655:
647:
644:
641:
594:
550:
441:
435:
422:
218:Gaс╣Зe┼Ыa Caturth─л
202:
173:
172:
142:(lunar month),
129:
39:
36:Lalbaugcha Raja
17:
12:
11:
5:
6270:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6047:Gaudiya Nritya
6043:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6021:Shyama Sangeet
6018:
6012:
6010:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5969:Saraswati Puja
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5884:Jhulan Purnima
5881:
5876:
5874:Ambubachi Mela
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Buddho Purnima
5856:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5690:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5541:Baishya Kapali
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5474:Bengali Hindus
5470:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5447:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5422:
5410:
5398:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5366:Mahatma Gandhi
5363:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4973:
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4967:
4962:
4957:
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4947:
4942:
4940:Sharad Purnima
4937:
4932:
4930:Rishi Panchami
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4905:Narali Purnima
4902:
4897:
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4890:Kartik Purnima
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4857:
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4678:Pana Sankranti
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4400:Sindhi Culture
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4209:Chaliho Starts
4207:
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4186:Basant Panchmi
4183:
4181:Makar Sankrant
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4108:External links
4106:
4105:
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4102:Alternate Link
4063:
4054:
4049:
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4029:978-8121503778
4028:
4013:
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3980:
3975:hindustantimes
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3932:chakranews.com
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3861:10.1086/201930
3855:(3): 507тАУ514.
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2095:Alain Dani├йlou
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1547:Procession of
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1461:) is popular.
1383:), similar to
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1214:Maharashtrians
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1006:Gowri festival
977:. On this day
930:Samarth Ramdas
877:
874:
812:grass and red
731:Andhra Pradesh
711:Madhya Pradesh
690:
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638:
631:
597:Bombay Gazette
586:Lokmanya Tilak
566:Maratha Empire
549:
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335:Andhra Pradesh
319:Madhya Pradesh
302:on the day of
253:Hindu festival
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5844:Poila Baisakh
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5230:Bhagavad Gita
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5211:
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4911:
4908:
4906:
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4895:Naga Panchami
4893:
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4888:
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4834:Tulasi Vivaha
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:Savitri Vrata
4822:
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4817:
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4810:
4807:
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4755:
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4750:
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4740:
4739:Datta Jayanti
4737:
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4623:Balipratipada
4621:
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4610:
4604:
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4583:Makaravilakku
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4538:Vijayadashami
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4283:
4280:
4278:Geeta Jayanti
4277:
4274:
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4268:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Navratra Ends
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4244:Shradh Starts
4243:
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4128:
4121:
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4112:
4111:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:(1): 91тАУ116.
4082:
4078:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4052:
4050:0-7914-2440-5
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3723:9780520248793
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3590:liverpoolecho
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2805:0-520-02407-9
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2556:81-7304-195-4
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2522:0-7914-0657-1
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2399:Robin Jeffrey
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1896:
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1878:, p. 58.
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1467:panchakajjaya
1462:
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1319:and Konkani,
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1222:
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1182:brahmotsavams
1179:
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834:Narada Purana
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524:Narada Purana
520:
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518:Skanda Purana
514:
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6101:Folk culture
6073:Mangal-Kavya
5914:Lakshmi Puja
5898:
5788:Gaudiya Math
5783:Brahmo Samaj
5768:Ananda Marga
5546:Baishya Saha
5430:
5417:
5406:
5393:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5228:
5151:Purna Swaraj
5130:
5043:
5026:Dakshinayana
5016:Pitru Paksha
5004:Holy periods
4880:Guru Purnima
4809:Pargat Diwas
4784:Lakshmi Puja
4774:Karva Chauth
4729:Aadi Perukku
4502:
4325:Chetri Chand
4239:
4221:Chaliho Ends
4215:Guru Purnima
4213:Guru Purnima
4080:
4076:
4058:
4039:
4019:
4012:Bibliography
3997:. Retrieved
3993:
3983:
3974:
3964:
3956:the original
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3852:
3848:
3835:
3826:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3804:
3795:
3783:. Retrieved
3778:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3753:the original
3748:
3739:
3727:. Retrieved
3712:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3689:the original
3684:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:
3649:
3639:27 September
3637:. Retrieved
3633:
3624:
3614:27 September
3612:. Retrieved
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3551:
3546:25 September
3544:. Retrieved
3539:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3514:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3487:
3478:
3468:17 September
3466:. Retrieved
3462:the original
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3420:11 September
3418:. Retrieved
3414:
3405:
3395:11 September
3393:. Retrieved
3381:
3371:
3361:11 September
3359:. Retrieved
3354:
3345:
3335:11 September
3333:. Retrieved
3329:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3298:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3249:
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3199:the original
3195:thegoan.net/
3194:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3167:
3132:
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3109:
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3072:
3065:
3045:
3038:
3018:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2974:
2966:
2961:25 September
2959:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2932:
2922:21 September
2920:. Retrieved
2916:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2864:
2855:
2846:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2789:
2781:
2756:
2748:
2723:
2715:
2695:
2688:
2678:13 September
2676:. Retrieved
2664:
2655:
2635:
2628:
2608:
2573:
2565:
2546:
2536:
2531:
2512:
2506:
2486:
2479:
2458:
2450:
2430:
2423:
2403:
2393:
2368:
2360:
2340:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2285:
2255:
2215:(1): 74тАУ86.
2212:
2208:
2198:
2178:
2149:
2131:Michael 1983
2126:
2119:Michael 1983
2114:
2102:
2090:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2051:Michael 1983
2023:
2016:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:the original
1945:
1935:
1928:
1903:
1895:
1890:, p. 5.
1883:
1871:
1851:
1832:
1823:
1803:
1796:
1776:
1727:
1719:
1709:
1682:India portal
1496:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1449:Goan version
1444:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1388:
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1368:
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1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1265:
1257:
1249:River Mersey
1233:River Thames
1218:
1216:in Karachi.
1211:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1149:
1133:papier-m├вch├й
1120:
1116:
1114:
1058:
1049:
1013:
1009:
1003:
964:
921:
919:
912:
898:
887:
869:
865:
863:
846:
844:
837:
807:
803:
795:
791:
784:consecration
781:
776:
774:
772:(Moon God).
755:
704:
678:
667:
658:
656:
649:
646:
639:
634:
633:
623:
612:
608:
604:
602:
596:
591:
559:
556:Ganesh Agman
538:Ellora Caves
535:
528:
522:
516:
508:
504:
500:
496:
490:
484:
480:
476:Grhya Sutras
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
448:
444:
442:
411:
399:South Africa
308:
299:
289:
279:
273:
263:
255:birthday of
242:
232:
222:
208:
207:
165:
159:
156:
150:
144:
138:
131:
79:Celebrations
18:
5979:Dol Purnima
5934:Shakta Rash
5929:Bhai Phonta
5889:Janmashtami
5576:Gandhabanik
5097:Life events
5011:Chaturmasya
4970:Vat Purnima
4819:Ratha-Yatra
4754:Gowri Habba
4749:Gaura Parva
4643:Cheti Chand
4528:Rama Navami
4483:Ayudha Puja
4368:Eid al-Adha
4363:Eid al-Fitr
4272:Gop Ashtami
4250:Shradh Ends
4236:Janmashtami
3999:12 February
3811:27 November
3520:18 December
3515:India Today
3494:7 September
3310:9 September
3256:9 September
2892:Live Cities
2107:Grimes 1995
2080:рдЧрдгрдкрддреЗ рдЧрдгреЗрд╖реБ
1643:Navi Mumbai
1357:kozhukattai
1237:Putney Pier
971:lunar month
948:Maharashtra
890:Maharashtra
743:West Bengal
707:Maharashtra
662:Lord Harris
582:Maharashtra
578:British Raj
492:Mahabharata
355:New Zealand
315:Maharashtra
260:Lord Ganesh
257:Hindu deity
52:Also called
6206:Categories
6129:Folk dance
6061:Literature
5909:Durga Puja
5732:Kartabhaja
5596:Kansabanik
5419:Wikiquotes
5354:Influenced
5245:Associates
5222:Influences
5165:Philosophy
5021:Uttarayana
4789:Kumbh Mela
4648:Gudi Padwa
4633:Bisu Parba
4628:Bohag Bihu
4498:Durga Puja
4266:Dhan Teras
4247:Mahalaxmi
4206:Akhan Teej
4203:Ram Navami
3759:14 October
3729:14 October
3665:14 October
3286:|url=
2867:(in Hindi)
2084:Wikisource
1961:28 January
1888:Getty 1936
1876:Heras 1972
1739:References
1345:kozhakatta
1266:In Ghana,
1082:Aurangabad
975:Bhadrapada
958:, and the
870:nimajjanam
826:Upanishads
764:region of
739:Tamil Nadu
605:sarvajanik
501:Ganesvaras
457:, once in
339:Tamil Nadu
166:p┼лrс╣Зim─Бnta
6136:Raibenshe
6120:Sholapith
5964:Maghotsab
5924:Kali Puja
5837:Festivals
5747:Vaishnava
5633:Namasudra
5591:Kaibartya
5505:Bhadralok
5186:Education
4848:Holy days
4799:Mahamaham
4764:Kali Puja
4744:Dhanteras
4698:Sankranti
4663:Jur Sital
4533:Thaipusam
4523:Navaratri
4355:Holy days
4191:Shivratri
3951:The Hindu
3914:The Hindu
3895:bbc.co.uk
3869:0011-3204
3572:bbc.co.uk
3390:0971-751X
3382:The Hindu
3230:22 August
3205:23 August
3174:23 August
3141:cite book
3116:28 August
3089:29 August
3003:TripSavvy
2897:28 August
2871:28 August
2830:23 August
2673:0971-8257
2322:154444431
2229:0002-7294
1613:Bengaluru
1471:chana dal
1431:chalividi
1420:vadapappu
1412:vundrallu
1353:Malayalam
1253:Liverpool
1178:Kanipakam
1102:Bangalore
1094:Hyderabad
1020:Murti's.
956:Chitpavan
952:Hartalika
758:Chaurchan
735:Telangana
727:Karnataka
719:Rajasthan
672:era. The
395:Mauritius
387:Caribbean
371:Sri Lanka
363:Singapore
351:Australia
331:Telangana
323:Karnataka
300:visarjana
111:Frequency
106:27 August
74:Religious
6161:Gombhira
6108:Folk art
6078:Panchali
5864:Shashthi
5706:Panchali
5682:Religion
5638:Namassej
5623:Mahishya
5606:Kayastha
5601:Karmakar
5551:Barujibi
5395:Category
5236:Hinduism
5172:Swadeshi
4990:Galungan
4925:Pradosha
4865:Amavasya
4734:Bhaubeej
4708:Vaisakhi
4688:Puthandu
4658:Mha Puja
4603:Shakrain
4302:Navratri
3843:(1977).
3779:Zee News
3277:cite web
3250:Oneindia
2849:. Brill.
2539:maс╣Зс╕Нapas
2401:(1990).
1716:Muharram
1668:See also
1492:cow dung
1436:naivedya
1422:(soaked
1395:and the
1377:karjikai
1349:modakkam
1241:Gujarati
1229:Southall
1186:vahanams
1135:, since
1125:new moon
1078:Kolhapur
991:pakhavaj
814:hibiscus
796:Upachara
619:Brahmins
548:Festival
527:and the
497:Ganapati
495:mention
489:and the
471:Ganapati
467:Ganapati
463:Ganapati
445:Ganapati
383:Suriname
367:Malaysia
288:such as
251:), is a
38:, Mumbai
6222:Ganesha
6166:Kavigan
6151:Dhamail
6002:Culture
5939:Nabanna
5616:Maulika
5566:Chunaru
5561:Brahmin
5481:Society
5407:Commons
4282:Diyarri
4263:Dashero
4230:Thadadi
4227:Teejadi
4224:Rakhadi
4200:Dhudiyo
4176:Lal Loi
4097:1178368
3877:2741405
3785:4 April
1833:rove.me
1658:Belgaum
1598:Chennai
1502:Gallery
1427:lentils
1416:panakam
1381:Kannada
1373:karanji
1361:modagam
1341:Kannada
1321:modakam
1317:Marathi
1260:Toronto
1223:by the
1154:Chingam
1110:Kurnool
1106:Chennai
983:ghumots
979:Parvati
967:Konkani
941:⁄
909:karanji
856:⁄
818:Rigveda
800:jaggery
792:Shodash
782:In the
770:Chandra
762:Mithila
715:Gujarat
683:Jesuits
670:Kadamba
599:(1886)
568:). The
562:Shivaji
513:Puranas
505:Vinayak
455:Rigveda
450:Rigveda
439:Ganesha
433:Ganesha
420:History
281:prasada
270:pandals
6179:Others
6115:Dhokra
6083:Kallol
6026:Kirtan
5919:Diwali
5756:Orders
5742:Shakta
5737:Shaiva
5727:Brahmo
5701:Chandi
5655:Shunri
5650:Sadgop
5643:Avarna
5536:Baidya
5519:Castes
5500:Bangal
5488:Groups
5286:Legacy
5177:Swaraj
5146:Swaraj
4668:Navreh
4593:Pongal
4493:Diwali
4488:Chhath
4095:
4047:
4026:
3875:
3867:
3720:
3695:29 May
3388:
3080:
3053:
3026:
2802:
2769:
2736:
2703:
2671:
2643:
2616:
2586:
2553:
2519:
2494:
2467:
2438:
2411:
2381:
2348:
2320:
2263:
2237:664633
2235:
2227:
2186:
2156:
2067:рдЧрдгрдкрддрд┐рдВ
2031:
2004:
1916:
1859:
1811:
1784:
1553:Mumbai
1475:putani
1447:and a
1429:) and
1337:kadubu
1333:modaka
1329:Telugu
1325:kudumu
1146:Kerala
1086:Indore
1074:Nashik
1070:Nagpur
1062:Mumbai
1034:Mumbai
830:stotra
824:, the
820:, the
804:modaks
794:, 16;
747:Odisha
699:Margao
650:Kesari
614:Kesari
570:Peshwa
542:Shakti
509:Ganesh
483:, the
459:shloka
407:Europe
405:, and
401:, the
379:Guyana
359:Canada
327:Odisha
286:sweets
265:murtis
160:am─Бnta
114:Annual
64:Hindus
6156:Alkap
6146:Paika
6141:Chhau
6040:Dance
6009:Music
5989:Gajan
5894:Bhadu
5720:Sects
5689:Books
5628:Malla
5611:Kulin
5556:Bauri
5531:Bagdi
5526:Aguri
5510:Ghoti
5322:Books
4995:Nyepi
4713:Vishu
4703:Ugadi
4673:Nyepi
4598:Pusn├в
4568:Maghi
4563:Lohri
4558:Bhogi
4377:Lists
4093:JSTOR
4073:(PDF)
3873:JSTOR
2798:тАУ91.
2765:тАУ77.
2732:тАУ73.
2318:S2CID
2233:JSTOR
1912:тАУ63.
1720:Tazia
1701:Notes
1583:Surat
1458:sanna
1445:modak
1441:modak
1425:moong
1408:laddu
1404:modak
1393:Goans
1389:Nevri
1385:modak
1369:modak
1367:). A
1365:Tamil
1313:modak
1309:modak
1274:Foods
1156:. In
1129:─Аvaс╣Зi
1090:Surat
1053:Murti
995:paddy
922:aarti
914:aarti
905:durva
900:murti
848:Murti
839:aarti
809:durva
766:Bihar
751:Assam
701:, Goa
679:patri
347:Nepal
296:Murti
291:modak
275:vrata
241:) or
231:) or
151:tithi
145:pakс╣гa
5984:Holi
5660:Yogi
5586:Hari
5495:Babu
5156:Pune
4829:Teej
4588:Onam
4508:Holi
4196:Holi
4045:ISBN
4024:ISBN
4001:2014
3865:ISSN
3813:2015
3787:2020
3761:2015
3731:2015
3718:ISBN
3697:2017
3667:2015
3641:2023
3616:2023
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