227:
Ganga Rani made both her sons
Tribhuvana and Trailokya the co-kings of Bhaktapur. Ganga Rani was first a regent for her two sons, but later became the co-ruler or ruling queen of Bhaktapur. She is credited with unifying the kingdom under a single monarch by seizing powers from the
752:
424:
system, the latter of which she built one in each of the city's district. Historian
Shrestha theorizes because during her rule, Ganga Rani was believed to have constructed many of the city's
870:
1098:
260:
believe her to be the founder of their city, although the antiquity of the city can be dated before her reign. She is also credited with fortifying the city of
1295:
1146:
1104:
1342:
1171:
1177:
926:
1409:
478:
1439:
1424:
374:
believe that Ganga Rani was born on the city and even today there exists a home where she is believed to have been born.
640:
567:
1434:
692:
665:
707:
416:
who only weighed 11 grams (or one tola) and therefore could walk on water. Tula Rani is believed to have created a
722:
1429:
1404:
220:
and later as the ruler who in
October 1558 took control of the throne and alongside her two sons co-ruled the
1419:
935:
296:
919:
590:
615:
1086:
316:
1414:
1235:
1193:
490:
307:
posits was either a dating error or the scribe was referring to her donation during her reign.
912:
1364:
1306:
1223:
284:
253:
221:
131:
100:
37:
798:
8:
1259:
1229:
1205:
1163:
1042:
408:) was inspired by Ganga Rani. According to the local folklore, Tula Rani was a queen of
1283:
1271:
1247:
1211:
1152:
1140:
1116:
826:
413:
1376:
1122:
1031:
830:
818:
149:
1352:
1187:
1181:
1080:
1025:
1019:
1013:
945:
810:
333:
114:
542:
283:
723) around which time she must have either abdicated or died. There is one other
1370:
1338:
1289:
1265:
1199:
1134:
1110:
1074:
977:
895:
505:
371:
367:
344:
300:
257:
154:
96:
77:
65:
1241:
1128:
1068:
965:
264:. The locals believed her to be a pious leader. She was referred to as "Ganga
1398:
1382:
1358:
1320:
1277:
1007:
989:
971:
822:
799:"काठमाडौं उपत्यकाका ऐतिहासिक राजकुलो Kathmandu Upatyakako Aaitihasik Rajkulo"
782:
Kashajoo, Satya Shila (March 2015). "Lu-hitis (Golden Spouts) of
Bhaktapur".
575:
188:
104:
845:
1332:
1253:
1092:
1001:
995:
983:
959:
814:
440:
436:
425:
421:
291:
792) which mentions Ganga Rani's donation of 3 sq km of land for funding a
288:
280:
272:
233:
229:
217:
142:
55:
1326:
1217:
1062:
1056:
1050:
401:
382:
352:
249:
201:
167:
1314:
904:
730:
661:
448:
347:, a woman is chosen as a surrogate for Ganga Rani, locally referred as
304:
897:
Medieval Nepal: A history of the three kingdoms, 1520 A.D. to 1768 A.D
452:
409:
363:
340:
320:
276:
245:
29:
953:
444:
359:
324:
265:
568:"'राजा' समेत हुन मान्दैनथे भक्तपुरे, उल्टै विस्थापित हुनुपर्थ्याे"
875:
854:
750:
429:
417:
241:
183:
725:[the festival of Mahalaxmi and Mahabhairava at Lubhu].
327:
271:
Her last reference found till date is from an inscription at a
261:
237:
668:[Documents relating to the Balkumari Temple of Thimi]
432:
that fed them, the folklore of Tula Rani was inspired by her.
377:
Historian
Purushottam Shrestha theorizes that the folklore of
292:
118:
236:. During her reign, the Kingdom of Banepa, which included
439:
is credited with improving the annual spring festival of
873:[some events related to the festival of Biska].
645:(in Newari). Lalitapur, Nepal: Lumanti Dabu. p. 3.
522:
852:[Some opinions on the festival of Biska].
751:Madhyapur Thimi ya kala sanskriti (16 June 2013).
666:"Thimi Balkumāri mandira sambhandhit kehi kāgajāt"
216:was a queen of Bhaktapur first as the consort of
1396:
443:, including introducing the chariot festival of
481:[Diksha Ceremony at the Taleju Temple]
844:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (13 April 2020).
370:, more so than any other ruler. The locals of
920:
358:Ganga Rani is highly eulogized in the local
355:: भसारे), who formally starts the festival.
566:Dhaubhadel, Om Prasad (26 September 2021).
390:
927:
913:
868:
691:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (July 2004).
660:
565:
871:"बिस्केट जात्रासँग जोडिएका केही टिपोटहरू"
642:Sakva Vajrayogini Ya Shanti Svasti Saphoo
934:
843:
796:
781:
690:
618:[The fabric industry of Lubhu].
547:Itihasaa: Encyclopedia of Nepali History
510:Itihasaa: Encyclopedia of Nepali History
315:The priests of the Taleju Temple at the
869:Dhaubhadel, Om Prasad (15 April 2018).
797:Parajuli, Sandhya Khanal (2019-12-02).
723:"सुनको थालमा महालक्ष्मी–महाभैरव जात्रा"
540:
503:
1397:
720:
638:
476:
174:Sri Sri Jaya Ganga Rani Devi Thakurini
908:
893:
777:
775:
773:
528:
339:During the annual spring festival of
656:
654:
652:
588:
790:
13:
837:
770:
332:which eulogize Ganga Rani and her
14:
1451:
649:
593:[The carnival of Lubhu].
420:that brought water to the city's
887:
862:
744:
714:
684:
753:""Ganga Rani's Home in Thimi""
632:
608:
595:nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com
582:
559:
534:
497:
470:
1:
1280:(King of Bhaktapur) 1762–1763
721:Khadka, Bikash (2 May 2017).
616:"लुभूको कपडा उद्योगको भविष्य"
458:
310:
1410:16th-century Nepalese people
1286:(King of Kantipur) 1763–1764
1274:(King of Kantipur) 1760–1761
1244:(King of Kantipur) 1717–1722
1190:(King of Kantipur) 1609–1619
489:(in Nepali). Vol. 288.
463:
7:
1440:16th-century women monarchs
1425:16th-century queens regnant
1220:(Purandara Malla) 1706–1709
900:. Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
729:(in Nepali). Archived from
639:Singha, Tulasi Lal (2016).
574:(in Nepali). Archived from
435:Ganga Rani and her husband
10:
1456:
894:Regmi, Dili Raman (1966).
1435:16th-century women rulers
1305:
1180:(installed by his father
1162:
1041:
944:
708:Department of Archaeology
182:
173:
166:
162:
148:
138:
125:
92:
88:
71:
61:
51:
43:
36:
26:
21:
541:Pokhrel, Aupson (2023).
504:Pokhrel, Aupson (2023).
479:"Talejuma diksha pratha"
1087:Lakshmi Narasimha Malla
848:biksah bare yek bichara
477:Dhaubhadel, Om Prasad.
295:for the maintenance of
224:for a significant time.
1236:Riddhi Narasimha Malla
1194:Siddhi Narasimha Malla
1063:Amara (Narendra) Malla
815:10.3126/nc.v13i0.27499
693:"Dumajudevi–Bhaktapur"
543:"King Trailokya Malla"
323:still annually recite
1430:16th-century nobility
1405:People from Bhaktapur
1099:Chakravartendra Malla
252:was annexed into the
109:according to folklore
47:October 1558 - ?
1420:16th-century royalty
1365:Jagat Prakasha Malla
1296:Teja Narasimha Malla
1224:Vira Narasimha Malla
937:Malla dynasty rulers
784:Tribhuvan University
733:on 29 September 2024
706:. Kathmandu, Nepal:
285:palm leaf manuscript
254:Kingdom of Bhaktapur
222:Kingdom of Bhaktapur
101:Kingdom of Bhaktapur
1260:Rajya Prakash Malla
1242:Mahindrasimha Malla
1230:Vira Mahindra Malla
1206:Yoga Narendra Malla
1147:Jyoti Prakash Malla
129:sometime after 1601
1284:Jaya Prakash Malla
1272:Jaya Prakash Malla
1248:Yoga Prakash Malla
1212:Loka Prakash Malla
1153:Jaya Prakash Malla
1141:Jaya Prakash Malla
1117:Parthibendra Malla
1105:Mahipatendra Malla
38:Queen of Bhaktapur
16:Queen of Bhaktapur
1392:
1391:
1377:Bhupatindra Malla
1123:Bhupalendra Malla
589:Shrestha, Purna.
493:. pp. 21–23.
400:queen weighing a
387:𑐟𑐸𑐮𑐵 𑐬𑐵𑐣𑐷
206:𑐐𑑄𑐐𑐵 𑐬𑐵𑐣𑐷
195:
194:
178:
177:
1447:
1353:Jagajjyoti Malla
1343:Tribhuvana Malla
1188:Shivasimha Malla
1081:Shivasimha Malla
1020:Jayadharma Malla
1014:Jayasthiti Malla
946:Kathmandu Valley
938:
929:
922:
915:
906:
905:
901:
881:
880:
866:
860:
859:
841:
835:
834:
803:Nepalese Culture
794:
788:
787:
779:
768:
767:
765:
764:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
718:
712:
711:
697:
688:
682:
681:
671:
658:
647:
646:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
586:
580:
579:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
538:
532:
526:
520:
519:
517:
516:
501:
495:
494:
484:
474:
447:and his consort
414:Licchavi Dynasty
407:
404:
398:
395:
392:
388:
334:tutelary goddess
303:which Historian
297:Balkumari temple
256:. The locals of
207:
164:
163:
158:Tribhuvana Malla
115:Bagmati Province
110:
19:
18:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1371:Jitamitra Malla
1339:Trailokya Malla
1301:
1290:Dal Mardan Shah
1266:Vishvajit Malla
1200:Srinivasa Malla
1172:Purandara Simha
1158:
1135:Jagajjaya Malla
1111:Nripendra Malla
1075:Sadashiva Malla
1037:
978:Jayasimha Malla
940:
936:
933:
890:
885:
884:
867:
863:
842:
838:
795:
791:
780:
771:
762:
760:
749:
745:
736:
734:
719:
715:
695:
689:
685:
669:
659:
650:
637:
633:
624:
622:
614:
613:
609:
600:
598:
587:
583:
578:on 11 May 2024.
564:
560:
551:
549:
539:
535:
527:
523:
514:
512:
502:
498:
482:
475:
471:
466:
461:
405:
399:
396:
393:
386:
313:
287:dated to 1672 (
279:dated to 1601 (
273:Buddhist temple
205:
157:
155:Trailokya Malla
130:
112:
108:
82:Tribhuvan Malla
78:Trailokya Malla
66:Trailokya Malla
17:
12:
11:
5:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1184:) c. 1600–1609
1178:Harihara Simha
1175:
1168:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1129:Bhaskara Malla
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1069:Mahendra Malla
1066:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
966:Jayadeva Malla
963:
957:
950:
948:
942:
941:
932:
931:
924:
917:
909:
903:
902:
889:
886:
883:
882:
861:
836:
789:
769:
743:
713:
683:
648:
631:
607:
581:
558:
533:
531:, p. 210.
521:
496:
468:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
312:
309:
230:cadet branches
212:also known as
208: ), or
193:
192:
186:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
170:
160:
159:
152:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
127:
123:
122:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
34:
33:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1415:Malla dynasty
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1384:
1383:Ranajit Malla
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:Naresha Malla
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:Bhuwana Malla
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:Ranajit Malla
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1032:Yakshya Malla
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:Jayarjunadeva
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:Jayanandadeva
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:Jayabhimadeva
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
930:
925:
923:
918:
916:
911:
910:
907:
899:
898:
892:
891:
878:
877:
872:
865:
857:
856:
851:
849:
840:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
785:
778:
776:
774:
758:
754:
747:
732:
728:
724:
717:
709:
705:
702:(in Nepali).
701:
700:Ancient Nepal
694:
687:
679:
676:(in Nepali).
675:
674:Ancient Nepal
667:
663:
657:
655:
653:
644:
643:
635:
621:
617:
611:
596:
592:
591:"लुभू जात्रा"
585:
577:
573:
569:
562:
548:
544:
537:
530:
525:
511:
507:
500:
492:
488:
480:
473:
469:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:former palace
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Ganga Mahrani
203:
199:
191:(by marriage)
190:
187:
185:
181:
172:
169:
165:
161:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:(Present day
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
81:
79:
76:
75:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
35:
32:
31:
25:
20:
1346:
1333:Vishva Malla
1254:Vishnu Malla
1174:c. 1580–1600
1093:Pratap Malla
1034:c. 1428–1482
1028:c. 1408–1428
1022:c. 1395–1408
1016:c. 1382–1395
1010:c. 1361–1382
1004:c. 1348–1361
1002:Jayarajadeva
998:c. 1320–1344
996:Jayari Malla
992:c. 1308–1320
986:c. 1274–1308
984:Ananta Malla
980:c. 1271–1274
974:c. 1258–1271
968:c. 1255–1258
962:c. 1216–1255
960:Abhaya Malla
956:c. 1201–1216
954:Aridev Malla
896:
888:Bibliography
879:(in Nepali).
874:
864:
858:(in Nepali).
853:
847:
839:
806:
802:
792:
783:
761:. Retrieved
756:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
726:
716:
703:
699:
686:
677:
673:
664:(May 2006).
641:
634:
623:. Retrieved
619:
610:
599:. Retrieved
594:
584:
576:the original
571:
561:
550:. Retrieved
546:
536:
524:
513:. Retrieved
509:
506:"Ganga Rani"
499:
486:
472:
437:Vishva Malla
434:
430:canal system
378:
376:
357:
348:
338:
328:
314:
270:
234:Yaksha Malla
225:
218:Vishva Malla
213:
209:
197:
196:
143:Vishva Malla
56:Vishva Malla
27:
1349:) 1560–1613
1327:Prana Malla
1218:Indra Malla
1057:Surya Malla
1051:Ratna Malla
1026:Jyoti Malla
759:(in Nepali)
597:(in Nepali)
572:Deshsanchar
441:Biska Jatra
412:during the
383:Nepal Bhasa
353:Nepal Bhasa
202:Nepal Bhasa
168:Regnal name
72:Co-ruler(s)
52:Predecessor
1399:Categories
1347:Ganga Rani
1315:Raya Malla
1182:Shivasimha
763:2024-09-29
737:2024-09-29
727:News Nepal
662:Yogesh Raj
625:2024-05-11
601:2024-05-11
552:2024-04-22
529:Regmi 1966
515:2024-04-22
459:References
449:Bhadrakali
311:In Culture
214:Ganga Devi
198:Ganga Rani
22:Ganga Devi
1385:1722–1769
1379:1696–1722
1373:1673–1696
1367:1644–1673
1361:1637–1644
1355:1613–1637
1335:1547–1560
1329:1519–1547
1323:1505–1519
1317:1482–1509
1307:Bhaktapur
1298:1765–1768
1292:1764–1765
1268:1758–1760
1262:1745–1758
1256:1729–1745
1250:1722–1729
1238:1715–1717
1232:1709–1715
1214:1705–1706
1208:1685–1705
1202:1661–1685
1196:1620–1661
1155:1750–1768
1149:1746–1750
1143:1736–1746
1137:1722–1736
1131:1700–1722
1125:1687–1700
1119:1680–1687
1113:1674–1680
1095:1641–1674
1089:1619–1641
1083:1583–1619
1077:1574–1583
1071:1560–1574
1065:1530–1560
1059:1520–1530
1053:1482–1520
831:214298969
823:2091-1165
809:: 29–42.
491:Bhaktapur
487:Bhaktapur
464:Citations
453:Bhaktapur
410:Bhaktapur
389:
379:Tulā Rāni
364:Bhaktapur
341:Mahalaxmi
321:Bhaktapur
277:Bhaktapur
246:Dhulikhel
132:Bhaktapur
62:Successor
30:Bhaktapur
28:Queen of
1164:Lalitpur
1043:Kantipur
757:Facebook
445:Bhairava
360:folklore
325:Sanskrit
266:Maharani
876:Majdoor
855:Majdoor
394:
349:bhasare
329:stotras
242:Panauti
184:Dynasty
134:, Nepal
1341:(with
829:
821:
620:Aviyan
262:Sankhu
238:Banepa
139:Spouse
827:S2CID
710:: 29.
696:(PDF)
670:(PDF)
483:(PDF)
418:canal
372:Thimi
368:Thimi
345:Lubhu
301:Thimi
293:Guthi
258:Lubhu
189:Malla
150:Issue
119:Nepal
105:Nepal
97:Thimi
44:Reign
1345:and
1226:1709
1107:1670
1101:1669
819:ISSN
428:and
426:hiti
422:hiti
402:tola
391:lit.
366:and
250:Nala
126:Died
93:Born
811:doi
704:156
678:160
451:in
362:of
343:in
319:of
305:Raj
299:in
275:in
268:".
232:of
1401::
825:.
817:.
807:13
805:.
801:.
772:^
755:.
698:.
672:.
651:^
570:.
545:.
508:.
485:.
455:.
385::
336:.
289:NS
281:NS
248:,
244:,
240:,
204::
117:,
103:,
99:,
928:e
921:t
914:v
850:"
846:"
833:.
813::
786:.
766:.
740:.
680:.
628:.
604:.
555:.
518:.
406:'
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381:(
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200:(
121:)
111:)
107:(
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