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The Indus-Ganga belt is the world's most extensive expanse of uninterrupted alluvium formed by the deposition of silt by the numerous rivers. The plains are flat and mostly treeless, making it conducive for irrigation through canals. The area is also rich in ground water sources. The plains are the
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India. The plains encompass an area of 700,000 km (270,000 sq mi) and vary in width through their length by several hundred kilometres. The major rivers of this system are the Ganga and the Indus along with their tributaries;
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Until recent history, the open grasslands of the Indus-Ganga Plain were inhabited by several large species of animal. The open plains were home to large numbers of herbivores which included all three of the Asian rhinoceros
1332:, Princeton University Press, p. 68: "Aryavarta ... is defined by Manu as extending from the Himalayas in the north to the Vindhyas of Central India in the south and from the sea in the west to the sea in the east."
430:
The defeat of the
Rajputs marks a watershed moment in medieval India's history, as it not only shattered Rajput power in the Indo-Gangetic Plain but also firmly established a Muslim presence by the 13th century.
867:). The open grasslands were in many ways similar to the landscape of modern Africa. Gazelle, buffalo, rhinos, elephants, lions, and hippo roamed the grasslands as they do in Africa today. Large herds of
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Clusters of yellow lights on the Indo-Gangetic Plain reveal numerous cities large and small in this photograph of northern India and northern
Pakistan, seen from the northwest. The orange line is the
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The main source of rainfall is the southwest monsoon which is normally sufficient for general agriculture. The many rivers flowing out of the
Himalayas provide water for major irrigation works.
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is a region of porous ground consisting of boulders and pebbles that have washed down from the mountains. It is not suitable for crops and is forested. The streams disappear underground here.
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Following the battle the Delhi
Sultanate became prominent in the region, and collapse of organised Rajput resistance in northern India led to Muslim control of the region within a generation.
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The area constitutes the land between the
Brahmaputra River and the Aravalli Range. The Ganga and other rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara and the Chambal River flow through the area.
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Because it is not fully possible to define the boundaries of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, it is also difficult to give an exact list of which administrative areas are part of the plain.
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Ojha, Narendra; Sharma, Amit; Kumar, Manish; Girach, Imran; Ansari, Tabish U.; Sharma, Som K.; Singh, Narendra; Pozzer, Andrea; Gunthe, Sachin S. (3 April 2020).
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Farming on the Indus-Ganga Plain primarily consists of rice and wheat grown in crop rotation. Other crops include maize, millets, barley, sugarcane, and cotton.
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world's most intensely farmed areas. The main crops grown are rice and wheat that are grown in rotation. Others include maize, sugarcane and cotton.
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Sustaining 9% to 14% of the global population across various studies, the Indo-Gangetic plains rank among the world's most densely populated areas.
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Shihabuddin returned, and in spite of being outnumbered, decisively defeated the Rajput
Confederacy of Prithviraj on the same battlefield, in the
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are more verdant than the middle Ganga plain. The lower Ganga is centered in West Bengal, from which it flows into
Bangladesh. After joining the
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Due to a rapidly growing population (as well as other factors), this area is considered at high risk for water shortages in the future.
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1544:"Seasonal distribution and drivers of surface fine particulate matter and organic aerosol over the Indo-Gangetic Plain"
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2007:
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The name 'Hindustan' (हिन्दुस्तान) is
Persian; it means literally 'country of the Hindus/Indians'. Its first member,
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A part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain over
Northern, Central and Eastern India as well as its neighbouring countries
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The Indus–Ganga plains, also known as the "Great Indian Plains", are large floodplains of the Indus, Ganga and
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1611:"On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter"
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deposited across the region by the two river systems. The southern edge of the plain is marked by the
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Mogno, Caterina; Palmer, Paul I.; Knote, Christoph; Yao, Fei; Wallington, Timothy J. (20 July 2021).
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779:, making the plain one of the most intensely farmed areas of the world. Even rural areas here are
423:. Prithviraj fled the battleground, but was captured near the battle site and executed. Malesi, a
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1311:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.
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Taneja, Garima; Pal, Barun Deb; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Aggarwal, Pramod K.; Tyagi, N. K. (2014).
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rivers and encompasses a number of large urban areas. The plain is bounded on the north by the
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Farmers preferences for climate-smart agriculture: An assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
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hunt for termites in both of these areas. In the Ganges there were large concentrations of
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of Jaipur, led a last stand for the
Rajputs against the Ghurids after Prithviraj escaped.
8:
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So many large animals would have supported a large population of predators as well.
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and horses lived alongside several species of wild cattle including the now-extinct
513:, tongues of land that extend to where the tributaries meet. Close to the rivers is
462:, causing the perception that the Indo-Gangetic Plain appears to be continuous from
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1985:
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Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective
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controlling fish stocks and the occasional migrating herd crossing the river.
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408:, unified several Rajput states and decisively defeated the invading army of
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land of new alluvium that is subject to flooding. Above the flood limit,
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Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)
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as a separate caste also emerged in Indian social structure around the
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In the 12th century, much of the Indo-Gangetic Plain was ruled by the
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along the foothills of the Himalayas. The rivers encompassed are the
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1471:"Indo-Gangetic plains: Geography, Facts, Divisions and Importance"
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The areas that are completely or more than half in the plain are:
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river systems. They run parallel to the Himalaya mountains, from
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and Epic eras of Indian history, this region was referred to as "
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The annual rainfall increases from west towards the east. The
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370:. The term "Hindustani" is also used to refer to the people,
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subdivide the Indo-Gangetic Plain into several parts: the
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grazing on the riverbanks along with extinct species of
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would have hunted large game on the open plains, while
995:(Only southern fringes of the country bordering India)
883:. In the forested areas there were several species of
1608:
366:
The term was later used to refer to the whole of the
336:)". The region is also referred to historically as "
182:, including most of modern-day northern and eastern
1541:
634:Roughly, the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1514:
3837:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
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1454:
1442:
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1406:
1394:
525:land is older alluvium deposited in the middle
302:centers in the Indo-Gangetic plain. During the
1701:
1418:
934:would stalk prey in the surrounding woods and
351:(हिन्दु), was borrowed from the Sanskrit word
320:(2.22), 'Aryavarta' is "the tract between the
3395:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
2713:
2194:
1738:
404:In 1191, the Rajput king of Ajmer and Delhi,
450:The Indo-Gangetic Plain is divided into two
3359:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
2208:
970:
649:in eastern Pakistan and northwestern India;
3354:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
2720:
2706:
2201:
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1745:
1731:
477:A thin strip between the foothills of the
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1236:Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests,
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2727:
1508:
1305:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.).
617:
441:
250:are located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
141:
133:
3385:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
1515:Ramaswamy R Iyer, ed. (11 April 2009).
1268:. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. p. 2.
663:in southern Pakistan and western India;
488:Below the Bhabar lie the grasslands of
14:
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1796:National Geological Monuments of India
1752:
1489:
1465:
1463:
2701:
2182:
1726:
1304:
1521:. SAGE Publications. pp. 542–.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3380:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
1498:"Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands"
1495:Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C. (2001).
1460:
1056:and the southern fringes bordering
24:
3364:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
359:is a cognate of the Sanskrit word
25:
4398:
4089:Dehradun–Haridwar–Rishikesh Metro
3390:Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
3195:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
3190:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
1551:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
1238:Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
1070:(3 southernmost districts of the
802:in the east and draining most of
727:region is spread across southern
630:Doab in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
3856:Monuments of National Importance
1278:
1143:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
1006:(The southern fringes bordering
393:and many petty Rajput kingdoms.
202:, the region is named after the
34:
27:Geographical plain in South Asia
3871:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
1671:
1602:
1535:
1367:. Indian Melody. Archived from
1242:Northwestern thorn scrub forest
45:needs additional citations for
4128:Institutes of higher education
1319:
1298:
1272:
1255:
953:
381:. Most prominent of them were
355:(सिन्धु) m./f. 'river', while
328:ranges, from the Eastern Sea (
13:
1:
3160:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
2868:Provincial Armed Constabulary
2477:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
2143:World Heritage Sites in India
1248:
374:, and culture of the region.
226:. Many developed cities like
3795:Parliamentary constituencies
3731:Community Development Blocks
3227:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
2068:Biogeographic classification
1365:"Hindustani Classical Music"
499:The many tributaries of the
437:
258:The region is known for the
7:
2863:Fire and Emergency Services
2531:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2124:National monuments of India
1708:(3rd ed.). Har-Anand.
1518:Water and the Laws in India
1281:"Indus Valley Civilization"
1222:
1123:Udham Singh Nagar districts
552:. The Brahmaputra rises in
10:
4403:
1635:10.1038/s41598-020-62710-8
1345:. CIA – The World Factbook
1285:World History Encyclopedia
675:Rohilkhand (Katehr) Plains
253:
4259:
4207:
4164:
4155:
4145:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
4059:
4004:
3955:
3879:
3861:State Protected Monuments
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2900:Provincial Forest Service
2895:Provincial Police Service
2885:Public Service Commission
2808:
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2006:
1944:
1824:
1806:Sacred mountains of India
1788:
1760:
1684:Military History of India
1572:10.5194/acp-21-10881-2021
294:– all of which had their
260:Indus Valley civilisation
162:, is a 700-thousand
2935:Leader of the Opposition
2890:Provincial Civil Service
1702:Satish Chandra (2006) .
971:Administrative divisions
849:
712:in India and Bangladesh;
222:. On the west rises the
160:North Indian River Plain
3783:Assembly constituencies
3165:North-Western Provinces
2858:Disaster Response Force
2138:Indian-origin religions
2129:National parks of India
1874:Highest point by states
1475:General Knowledge Today
568:, before crossing into
548:, both rivers form the
421:Second Battle of Tarain
194:and southern plains of
4135:Awards and decorations
4123:School Education Board
3708:Municipal Corporations
3017:Khasa Janapada kingdom
2541:Atolls of the Maldives
2319:Chittagong Hill Tracts
2016:States and territories
1811:Sacred rivers of India
1801:Sacred groves of India
1504:. World Wildlife Fund.
1502:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1308:India through the ages
987:Chittagong Hill Tracts
775:. The soil is rich in
631:
507:divide the plain into
447:
414:First Battle of Tarain
387:Gahadavals Or Rathores
363:(स्थान) n. 'a place'.
332:) to the Western Sea (
151:
139:
3788:Former constituencies
3766:2016 political crisis
3751:Coolie-Begar movement
1105:Hanumangarh districts
656:in southern Pakistan;
621:
445:
412:near Tarroari in the
340:" or the Land of the
148:India–Pakistan border
145:
137:
69:"Indo-Gangetic Plain"
4382:Plains of Bangladesh
4029:Association football
4022:Women's cricket team
3222:Rampur Tiraha firing
2918:Legislative Assembly
2826:Council of Ministers
2756:(summer); judicial:
2158:Environment of India
1455:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1443:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1431:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1407:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
1395:Jadunath Sarkar 1960
558:Yarlung Zangbo River
544:, a distributary of
198:. Also known as the
158:, also known as the
54:improve this article
4034:Men's football team
3832:World Heritage Site
3800:Rajya Sabha members
2680: /
2417:Indo-Gangetic plain
2350:Balochistan Plateau
1687:. Orient Longmans.
1627:2020NatSR..10.5862O
1563:2021ACP....2110881M
1557:(14): 10881–10909.
1419:Satish Chandra 2006
1371:on 11 December 2007
1133:Chitrakoot division
865:Sumatran rhinoceros
703:North Bengal plains
622:Area depicting the
534:Lower Ganges Plains
481:and the plain, the
368:Indian subcontinent
190:, virtually all of
180:Indian subcontinent
156:Indo-Gangetic Plain
138:Indo-Gangetic Plain
4372:Plains of Pakistan
4017:Men's cricket team
3972:Govind Pashu Vihar
3756:Statehood movement
3703:Urban Local Bodies
3126:Anglo-Nepalese War
3007:Uttarakuru kingdom
2329:Gandhamardan Hills
2299:Sulaiman Mountains
1754:Geography of India
1615:Scientific Reports
1409:, pp. 32, 34.
1206:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
796:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
717:Brahmaputra Valley
632:
560:and flows through
448:
406:Prithviraj Chauhan
276:Pushyabhuti Empire
186:, most of eastern-
152:
140:
4354:
4353:
4255:
4254:
4199:Udham Singh Nagar
4140:Uttarakhand Ratna
4084:Char Dham Railway
4079:Char Dham Highway
4000:
3999:
3992:Valley of Flowers
3805:Lok Sabha members
3739:
3738:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3532:
3531:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3335:
3334:
3274:Garhwal Himalayas
3235:
3234:
3208:
3207:
3131:Treaty of Sugauli
2984:
2983:
2878:Police Department
2873:Forest Department
2663:
2662:
2437:Indus River Delta
2176:
2175:
1715:978-81-241-1064-5
1528:978-81-321-0424-7
1445:, pp. 36–37.
1421:, pp. 25–26.
1068:Jammu and Kashmir
1041:(Almost entirely)
1030:(Almost entirely)
1004:Arunachal Pradesh
857:Indian rhinoceros
792:Jammu and Kashmir
781:densely populated
689:Purvanchal Plains
668:Ganga-Yamuna Doab
562:Arunachal Pradesh
410:Shihabuddin Ghori
383:Chauhans of Ajmer
200:Indus–Ganga Plain
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4394:
4162:
4161:
3925:Kedarnath Temple
3913:Badrinath Temple
3901:Yamunotri Temple
3822:
3821:
3683:
3682:
3569:
3568:
3541:
3540:
3524:Scheduled Tribes
3519:Scheduled Castes
3511:Scheduled Tribes
3507:Scheduled Castes
3427:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3344:
3343:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3200:United Provinces
3146:
3145:
3022:Himalaya kingdom
2995:
2994:
2773:
2772:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2457:Coromandel Coast
2380:Pothohar Plateau
2304:Toba Kakar Range
2233:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2168:Tourism in India
2163:History of India
2153:Culture of India
2148:Climate of India
2021:Autonomous areas
1775:Geology of India
1747:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1698:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1574:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1279:Mark, Joshua J.
1276:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1186:Cholistan desert
1086:Chambal division
1050:Himachal Pradesh
944:mugger crocodile
920:Asiatic cheetahs
869:Indian elephants
861:Javan rhinoceros
399:Ghurid invasions
314:). According to
284:Delhi Sultanates
176:northern regions
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4377:Plains of Nepal
4367:Plains of India
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4262:
4251:
4203:
4151:
4106:Kumaoni cuisine
4062:
4055:
4046:Olympic Stadium
4041:Cricket Stadium
3996:
3958:
3951:
3882:
3875:
3811:
3776:Local elections
3761:Chipko movement
3735:
3714:
3677:
3658:
3610:
3560:
3528:
3510:
3508:
3501:
3463:
3421:
3399:
3368:
3331:
3298:
3269:Great Himalayas
3254:
3244:
3242:
3231:
3214:
3204:
3181:
3174:
3170:Agra Presidency
3151:
3141:
3135:
3092:Katyuri dynasty
3075:Garhwal Kingdom
3067:
3061:
3052:Kuninda Kingdom
3027:Parvata kingdom
3012:Paurava kingdom
2999:
2980:
2939:
2906:
2838:Chief Secretary
2804:
2762:
2744:: legislative:
2735:
2726:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2596:
2545:
2519:
2486:
2405:
2384:
2338:
2289:Anaimalai Hills
2229:
2213:
2207:
2177:
2172:
2112:
2103:Protected Areas
2050:
2002:
1966:Northeast India
1940:
1934:Western Coastal
1929:Eastern Coastal
1894:Mountain passes
1820:
1816:Stones of India
1784:
1756:
1751:
1716:
1695:
1679:Jadunath Sarkar
1674:
1669:
1668:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1513:
1509:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1273:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1225:
1214:Peshawar Valley
1194:(Excluding the
1141:(Excluding the
1131:(Excluding the
985:(Excluding the
973:
956:
852:
798:in the west to
466:in the west to
452:drainage basins
440:
425:Kachwaha Rajput
310:" (Land of the
256:
224:Iranian Plateau
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4387:Plains of Asia
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4051:Sports College
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3844:Ramsar Wetland
3841:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3676:Administrative
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3469:Tibeto-Burmans
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Mountain peaks
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3114:Gorkha Kingdom
3111:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3087:Kumaon Kingdom
3084:
3083:
3082:
3080:Panwar dynasty
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:Kirata kingdom
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2821:Chief Minister
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2742:State capitals
2740:
2737:
2736:
2725:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2684:27.25°N 80.5°E
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Mysore Plateau
2367:
2365:Ladakh Plateau
2362:
2360:Deccan Plateau
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Cardamom Hills
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Himachal Range
2276:
2274:Shivalik Hills
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2249:Aravalli Range
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:Nature worship
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2046:Municipalities
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Extreme points
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1601:
1534:
1527:
1507:
1488:
1477:. 3 April 2016
1459:
1457:, pp. 38.
1447:
1435:
1433:, pp. 37.
1423:
1411:
1399:
1382:
1356:
1334:
1318:
1297:
1271:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1210:Derajat region
1203:
1189:
1175:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1156:Nepalese Terai
1148:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1108:
1101:Sri Ganganagar
1094:
1089:
1084:Including the
1078:Madhya Pradesh
1075:
1072:Jammu Division
1065:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1011:
996:
990:
972:
969:
955:
952:
916:striped hyenas
851:
848:
721:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
474:in the east.
439:
436:
292:Maratha Empire
255:
252:
220:Deccan Plateau
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
18:Gangetic Plain
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4399:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4258:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Tehri Garhwal
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Pauri Garhwal
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3616:Tibeto-Burman
3613:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Sivalik Hills
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Raika Kingdom
3107:
3105:
3104:Khasa Kingdom
3102:
3098:
3097:Chand dynasty
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3047:Kushan Empire
3045:
3043:
3042:Maurya Empire
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:Chief Justice
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:Coastal India
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Rann of Kutch
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Satpura Range
2262:
2260:
2259:Vindhya Range
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Eastern Ghats
2242:
2240:
2239:Western Ghats
2237:
2232:
2231:Mount Everest
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:Geography of
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1998:Central India
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Indo-Gangetic
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1694:9780861251551
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1397:, p. 32.
1396:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:Kirthar Range
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:Kacchi Plains
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:Uttar Pradesh
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:encompassing
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
968:
965:
962:
959:
951:
949:
948:river dolphin
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Bengal tigers
925:
924:Asiatic lions
921:
917:
913:
909:
908:Indian wolves
904:
902:
898:
897:water buffalo
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
847:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:eastern India
734:
730:
726:
718:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
686:
683:
679:
676:
672:
669:
665:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:Punjab Plains
644:
642:in the north;
641:
637:
636:
635:
629:
625:
620:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
523:
518:
517:
512:
511:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
444:
435:
432:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:Bay of Bengal
327:
323:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Mughal Empire
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Kushan Empire
265:
264:Maurya Empire
261:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:encompassing
173:
169:
166:(172-million-
165:
161:
157:
149:
144:
136:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3942:Panch Prayag
3849:Asan Barrage
3412:Demographics
3327:Ganges Basin
3303:
3213:Contemporary
3119:Shah dynasty
3057:Gupta Empire
3037:Nanda Empire
2757:
2751:
2745:
2665:
2651:Southeastern
2646:Southwestern
2626:Northeastern
2616:Northwestern
2447:Ganges Delta
2442:Ganges Basin
2432:Indus Valley
2422:Punjab plain
2416:
2355:Chota Nagpur
2334:Lushai Hills
2008:Subdivisions
1923:
1780:Indian Plate
1770:Fossil Parks
1704:
1683:
1672:Bibliography
1618:
1614:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1554:
1550:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1474:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1337:
1329:
1326:Michael Cook
1321:
1307:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1264:
1257:
1228:Ecoregions:
1115:Terai Region
1054:Una district
1022:Barak Valley
977:
974:
966:
963:
960:
957:
905:
901:hippopotamus
853:
845:
841:
785:
723:The fertile
722:
719:in the east.
710:Ganges Delta
696:Bihar Plains
682:Awadh Plains
654:Sindh Plains
640:Jammu Plains
633:
574:
550:Ganges Delta
538:Assam Valley
531:
520:
514:
508:
498:
487:
476:
449:
433:
429:
418:
403:
376:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
346:
315:
272:Gupta Empire
257:
199:
159:
155:
153:
131:
116:
110:January 2016
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4316:Pithoragarh
4237:Rudraprayag
4194:Pithoragarh
3977:Jim Corbett
3937:Panch Kedar
3932:Sapta Badri
3431:Indo-Aryans
3215:Uttarakhand
3142:Uttarakhand
2966:Bar Council
2911:Legislature
2853:Departments
2753:Bhararisain
2733:Uttarakhand
2689:27.25; 80.5
2687: /
2592:Afghanistan
2536:Lakshadweep
2401:Thar Desert
2396:Thal Desert
2284:Khasi Hills
2056:Environment
1976:South India
1954:North India
1621:(1): 5862.
1375:14 December
1349:14 December
1200:Thar desert
1180:(Excluding
1168:Balochistan
1139:West Bengal
1111:Uttarakhand
1082:Gird Region
1018:Brahmaputra
954:Agriculture
936:sloth bears
788:Brahmaputra
661:Indus Delta
577:geographers
546:Brahmaputra
527:Pleistocene
505:Ganga river
501:Indus river
456:Delhi Ridge
385:along with
334:Arabian Sea
296:demographic
280:Pala Empire
4361:Categories
4247:Uttarkashi
4070:Transport
3982:Nanda Devi
3634:Chaudangsi
3573:Indo-Aryan
3340:Ecoregions
3253:Geological
2971:Lok Adalat
2951:High Court
2768:Government
2750:(winter);
2582:Bangladesh
2550:By country
2508:West Coast
2503:East Coast
2467:Sundarbans
2324:Naga Hills
2314:Hindu Kush
2269:Garo Hills
2211:South Asia
2078:Biospheres
2073:Ecoregions
1993:West India
1971:East India
1914:Waterfalls
1249:References
1182:Salt Range
1034:Chandigarh
983:Bangladesh
597:Rohilkhand
570:Bangladesh
401:of India.
192:Bangladesh
170:) fertile
80:newspapers
4336:Mussoorie
4326:New Tehri
4306:Rishikesh
4184:Champawat
4179:Bageshwar
4157:Districts
4118:Education
3920:Kedarnath
3908:Badrinath
3896:Yamunotri
3825:Monuments
3771:Elections
3693:Districts
3678:divisions
3537:Languages
3497:Banrawats
3449:Jaunsaris
3439:Garhwalis
3347:Highlands
3262:Mountains
3241:Geography
2976:Lokayukta
2944:Judiciary
2809:Executive
2577:Sri Lanka
2309:Karakoram
2225:Himalayas
2218:Mountains
2031:Districts
2026:Divisions
1986:Southeast
1981:Southwest
1959:Northwest
1909:Volcanoes
1889:Mountains
1826:Landforms
1643:2045-2322
1589:237688850
1581:1680-7316
1097:Rajasthan
877:antelopes
615:regions.
479:Himalayas
460:sea level
438:Geography
338:Hindustan
317:Manusmṛti
308:Aryavarta
300:political
244:Islamabad
212:Himalayas
4331:Nainital
4321:Srinagar
4311:Ramnagar
4296:Rudrapur
4291:Kashipur
4281:Haldwani
4276:Haridwar
4271:Dehradun
4227:Haridwar
4222:Dehradun
4189:Nainital
4074:Airports
3967:Gangotri
3957:National
3891:Gangotri
3881:Chardham
3744:Politics
3726:Parganas
3591:Jaunsari
3581:Garhwali
3556:Sanskrit
3544:Official
3477:Bhotiyas
3444:Kumaonis
3373:Lowlands
3255:features
3140:Colonial
3068:kingdoms
3066:Medieval
3000:kingdoms
2848:Agencies
2831:Cabinets
2816:Governor
2759:Nainital
2747:Dehradun
2636:Southern
2631:Littoral
2621:Northern
2587:Maldives
2562:Pakistan
2410:Lowlands
2343:Plateaus
2254:Nilgiris
2117:See also
2108:Wildlife
1869:Glaciers
1789:Heritage
1681:(1960).
1661:32246046
1328:(2014),
1290:22 April
1223:See also
1212:and the
1198:and the
1163:Pakistan
1119:Haridwar
932:leopards
885:wild pig
873:gazelles
804:Northern
771:and the
733:northern
715:and the
536:and the
503:and the
391:Varanasi
324:and the
322:Himalaya
216:alluvium
206:and the
188:Pakistan
4301:Kotdwar
4286:Roorkee
4217:Chamoli
4209:Garhwal
4113:Economy
4101:Cuisine
4012:Cricket
3883:circuit
3866:Temples
3817:Tourism
3698:Tehsils
3639:Darmiya
3629:Byangsi
3596:Bangani
3586:Kumaoni
3482:Shaukas
3289:Bugyals
3245:ecology
3150:Company
2998:Ancient
2990:History
2930:Speaker
2923:History
2843:Gazette
2777:Symbols
2675:80°30′E
2672:27°15′N
2611:Central
2524:Islands
2389:Deserts
2093:Forests
2060:climate
1946:Regions
1904:Valleys
1879:Islands
1839:Borders
1834:Beaches
1762:Geology
1652:7125076
1623:Bibcode
1594:20 June
1559:Bibcode
1343:"India"
1062:Haryana
1045:Haryana
940:gharial
893:muntjac
881:aurochs
829:Chambal
808:Eastern
745:Chambal
581:Gujarat
556:as the
454:by the
379:Rajputs
326:Vindhya
254:History
248:Karachi
236:Kolkata
178:of the
94:scholar
4341:Almora
4263:cities
4174:Almora
4166:Kumaon
4063:topics
4005:Sports
3987:Rajaji
3947:Gomukh
3624:Rongpo
3565:Spoken
3459:Tharus
3454:Buksas
3422:groups
3420:Ethnic
3312:Bhabar
3304:Plains
2961:Judges
2790:Emblem
2641:Island
2603:region
2572:Bhutan
2515:Makran
2491:Coasts
2482:Makran
2462:Konkan
2098:Issues
2036:Cities
1919:Plains
1899:Rivers
1854:Desert
1849:Canals
1844:Coasts
1712:
1691:
1659:
1649:
1641:
1587:
1579:
1525:
1481:30 May
1178:Punjab
1092:Punjab
1058:Punjab
993:Bhutan
912:dholes
837:Chenab
833:Sutlej
817:Yamuna
773:Yamuna
769:Sutlej
767:, the
763:, the
759:, the
755:, the
751:, the
749:Chenab
747:, the
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589:Punjab
542:Jamuna
522:bangar
516:khadar
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395:Rajput
361:sthāna
353:sindhu
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312:Aryans
286:, the
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208:Ganges
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4261:Major
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4061:Other
3959:parks
3719:Rural
3686:Urban
3649:Rawat
3606:Tharu
3601:Buksa
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3180:Crown
2800:Motto
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2375:Malwa
2088:Flora
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1585:S2CID
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