77:
3122:
3129:
1153:
2381:
1706:
8683:
1045:
1453:
1001:
between 973 and 1200 by Paul Martin-Dubost, and another similar statue is dated 12th century by
Pratapaditya Pal. Ganesha has the head of an elephant and a big belly. This statue has four arms, which is common in depictions of Ganesha. He holds his own broken tusk in his lower-right hand and holds a delicacy, which he samples with his trunk, in his lower-left hand. The motif of Ganesha turning his trunk sharply to his left to taste a sweet in his lower-left hand is a particularly archaic feature. A more primitive statue in one of the
1137:
2630:
1874:
1571:
2022:
9677:
3104:
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10114:
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2806:) asked Ganesha to serve as his scribe to transcribe the poem as he dictated it to him. Ganesha agreed but only on the condition that Vyasa recites the poem uninterrupted, that is, without pausing. The sage agreed but found that to get any rest he needed to recite very complex passages so Ganesha would have to ask for clarifications. The story is not accepted as part of the original text by the editors of the critical edition of the
10148:
3111:
1247:
10165:
3005:—and their dating relative to one another—has sparked academic debate. Both works were developed over time and contain age-layered strata. Anita Thapan reviews comment about dating and provide her own judgment. "It seems likely that the core of the Ganesha Purana appeared around the twelfth and thirteenth centuries", she says, "but was later interpolated." Lawrence W. Preston considers the most reasonable date for the
9087:
10062:
2771:) and holding a corn-sheaf, a sugar cane, and a club, is so characteristic of the Puranic Ganapati that Heras says "we cannot resist to accept his full identification with this Vedic Dantin". However, Krishan considers these hymns to be post-Vedic additions. Thapan reports that these passages are "generally considered to have been interpolated". Dhavalikar says, "the references to the elephant-headed deity in the
975:
10074:
10131:
3093:
1756:
2968:
2090:
3347:. Jain ties with the trading community support the idea that Jainism took up Ganesha worship as a result of commercial connections and influence of Hinduism. The earliest known Jain Ganesha statue dates to about the 9th century. A 15th-century Jain text lists procedures for the installation of its images. Images of Ganesha appear in some Jain temples of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
1493:, the Lord of Obstacles, both of a material and spiritual order. He is popularly worshipped as a remover of obstacles, though traditionally he also places obstacles in the path of those who need to be checked. Hence, he is often worshipped by the people before they begin anything new. Paul Courtright says that Ganesha's
993:. Unlike those of some deities, representations of Ganesha show wide variations and distinct patterns changing over time. He may be portrayed standing, dancing, heroically taking action against demons, playing with his family as a boy, sitting down on an elevated seat, or engaging in a range of contemporary situations.
2810:, in which the twenty-line story is relegated to a footnote in an appendix. The story of Ganesha acting as the scribe occurs in 37 of the 59 manuscripts consulted during the preparation of the critical edition. Ganesha's association with mental agility and learning is one reason he is shown as scribe for
3161:
Ganesha was particularly worshipped by traders and merchants, who went out of India for commercial ventures. From approximately the 10th century onwards, new networks of exchange developed including the formation of trade guilds and a resurgence of money circulation. During this time, Ganesha became
2898:
corpus. Brown notes while the
Puranas "defy precise chronological ordering", the more detailed narratives of Ganesha's life are in the late texts, c. 600–1300. Yuvraj Krishan says that the Puranic myths about the birth of Ganesha and how he acquired an elephant's head are in the later Puranas, which
2531:
religion from the
Dravidian or aboriginal populations of India as part of the process that produced Hinduism out of the interactions of the Aryan and non-Aryan populations. There is no independent evidence for an elephant cult or a totem; nor is there any archaeological data pointing to a tradition
2459:. Other recent discoveries, such as one from Ramgarh Hill, are also dated to the 4th or 5th century. An independent cult with Ganesha as the primary deity was well established by about the 10th century. Narain summarises the lack of evidence about Ganesha's history before the 5th century as follows:
2410:
coins from the 1st century BCE has been proposed by some scholars to be "incipient
Ganesha", but this has been strongly contested. Others have suggested Ganesha may have been an emerging deity in India and southeast Asia around the 2nd century CE based on the evidence from archaeological excavations
1888:
Ganesha is worshipped on many religious and secular occasions; especially at the beginning of ventures such as buying a vehicle or starting a business. K.N Soumyaji says, "there can hardly be a home which does not house an idol of
Ganapati. ... Ganapati, being the most popular deity in India,
1071:
beheaded him when
Ganesha came between Shiva and Parvati. Shiva then replaced Ganesha's original head with that of an elephant. Details of the battle and where the replacement head came from vary from source to source. Another story says that Ganesha was created directly by Shiva's laughter. Because
3283:
which deal with
Ganesha. In these texts, which are Indian texts preserved in Tibetan translation, Ganapati is depicted as a wealth deity which can also grant worldly pleasures like sex and food. He is also depicted as a protector from negative forces, demons, and sickness. In these tantric Buddhist
2463:
What is inscrutable is the somewhat dramatic appearance of Gaṇeśa on the historical scene. His antecedents are not clear. His wide acceptance and popularity, which transcend sectarian and territorial limits, are indeed amazing. On the one hand, there is the pious belief of the orthodox devotees in
1000:
by the 6th century. The 13th century statue pictured is typical of
Ganesha statuary from 900 to 1200, after Ganesha had been well-established as an independent deity with his own sect. This example features some of Ganesha's common iconographic elements. A virtually identical statue has been dated
1024:
The influence of this old constellation of iconographic elements can still be seen in contemporary representations of
Ganesha. In one modern form, the only variation from these old elements is that the lower-right hand does not hold the broken tusk but is turned towards the viewer in a gesture of
1169:
The number of
Ganesha's arms varies; his best-known forms have between two and sixteen arms. Many depictions of Ganesha feature four arms, which is mentioned in Puranic sources and codified as a standard form in some iconographic texts. His earliest images had two arms. Forms with 14 and 20 arms
2422:
Ganesha appeared in his classic form as a clearly-recognizable deity with well-defined iconographic attributes in the early 4th to 5th centuries CE. Some of the earliest known Ganesha images include two images found in eastern Afghanistan. The first image was discovered in the ruins north of
1537:
is an active noun that is variously translated as intelligence, wisdom, or intellect. The concept of buddhi is closely associated with the personality of Ganesha, especially in the Puranic period, when many stories stress his cleverness and love of intelligence. One of Ganesha's names in the
1063:, has five elephant heads, and other less-common variations in the number of heads are known. While some texts say that Ganesha was born with an elephant head, he acquires the head later in most stories. The most recurrent motif in these stories is that Ganesha was created by
2119:). As the god of transitions, he is placed at the doorway of many Hindu temples to keep out the unworthy, which is analogous to his role as Parvati's doorkeeper. In addition, several shrines are dedicated to Ganesha himself, of which the Ashtavinayak (Sanskrit: अष्टविनायक;
2033:
An annual festival honours Ganesha for ten days, starting on Ganesha Chaturthi, which typically falls in late August or early September. The festival begins with people bringing in clay idols of Ganesha, symbolising the god's visit. The festival culminates on the day of
2524:
tradition.... These historical locations are intriguing to be sure, but the fact remains that they are all speculations, variations on the Dravidian hypothesis, which argues that anything not attested to in the Vedic and Indo-European sources must have come into
3224:, Afghanistan had close cultural ties with India, and the adoration of both Hindu and Buddhist deities was practised. Examples of sculptures from the 5th to the 7th centuries have survived, suggesting that the worship of Ganesha was then in vogue in the region.
1351:. Martin-Dubost says that the rat began to appear as the principal vehicle in sculptures of Ganesha in central and western India during the 7th century; the rat was always placed close to his feet. The mouse as a mount first appears in written sources in the
1752:, Skanda was an important martial deity from about 500 BCE to about 600 CE, after which worship of him declined significantly. As Skanda fell, Ganesha rose. Several stories tell of sibling rivalry between the brothers and may reflect sectarian tensions.
3048:
Puranas) which deal at length with Ganesha. While the kernel of the text must be old, it was interpolated until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions. Another highly regarded scripture in the
5707:
3956:
1892:
Ganesha is a non-sectarian deity. Hindus of all denominations invoke him at the beginning of prayers, important undertakings, and religious ceremonies. Dancers and musicians, particularly in southern India, begin art performances such as the
3200:
Among the Indonesian, who predominantly profess Muslim faith, Ganesha is not worshipped, but seen as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom and education. Many Indonesian public universities feature Ganesha's likeness in their grounds or logo.
2916:
concentrate on an unexpectedly limited number of incidents. These incidents are mainly three: his birth and parenthood, his elephant head, and his single tusk. Other incidents are touched on in the texts, but to a far lesser
942:. The earliest images and mention lists Ganesha as a major deity in present-day Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam dating to the 7th and 8th centuries, and these mirror Indian examples of the 5th century or earlier. In
2673:, according to commentators. While this verse doubtless refers to Brahmanaspati, it was later adopted for worship of Ganesha and is still used today. In rejecting any claim that this passage is evidence of Ganesha in the
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were composed of c. 600 onwards. He elaborates on the matter to say that references to Ganesha in the earlier Puranas, such as the Vayu and Brahmanda Puranas, are later interpolations made during the 7th-10th centuries.
2482:
by the 6th century, states Brown, and his artistic images in temple setting as "remover of obstacles" in South Asia appear by about 400 CE. He is, states Bailey, recognised as goddess Parvati's son and integrated into
1748:, who is also called Skanda and Murugan. Regional differences dictate the order of their births. In northern India, Skanda is generally said to be the elder, while in the south, Ganesha is considered the firstborn. In
1410:
as well as desire". Along these lines, Michael Wilcockson says it symbolises those who wish to overcome desires and be less selfish. Krishan notes that the rat is destructive and a menace to crops. The Sanskrit word
1221:
Ganesha is often described as red in colour. Specific colours are associated with certain forms. Many examples of color associations with specific meditation forms are prescribed in the Sritattvanidhi, a treatise on
453:
Ganesha is mentioned in Hindu texts between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE, and a few Ganesh images from the 4th and 5th centuries CE have been documented by scholars. Hindu texts identify him as the son of
1056:
Ganesha has been represented with the head of an elephant since the early stages of his appearance in Indian art. Puranic myths provide many explanations for how he got his elephant head. One of his popular forms,
1740:
Parvati, in another he appeared mysteriously and was discovered by Shiva and Parvati or he was born from the elephant headed goddess Malini after she drank Parvati's bath water that had been thrown in the river.
1079:(One Tusked), referring to his single whole tusk, the other being broken. Some of the earliest images of Ganesha show him holding his broken tusk. The importance of this distinctive feature is reflected in the
445:
of intellect and wisdom. As the god of beginnings, he is honoured at the start of rites and ceremonies. Ganesha is also invoked during writing sessions as a patron of letters and learning. Several texts relate
1089:
is Ekadanta. Ganesha's protruding belly appears as a distinctive attribute in his earliest statuary, which dates to the Gupta period (4th to 6th centuries). This feature is so important that according to the
3539:, although among the latest deities to be admitted to the Brahmanic pantheon, was, and still is, the most universally adored of all the Hindu gods and his image is found in practically every part of India."
3302:
Today in Buddhist Thailand, Ganesha is also regarded as a remover of obstacles, and as the god of success. Thailand regards Ganesha mainly as the god of arts and academics. The belief was initiated by King
1500:
Krishan notes that some of Ganesha's names reflect shadings of multiple roles that have evolved over time. Dhavalikar ascribes the quick ascension of Ganesha in the Hindu pantheon, and the emergence of the
2056:. Because of Ganesha's wide appeal as "the god for Everyman", Tilak chose him as a rallying point for Indian protest against British rule. Tilak was the first to install large public images of Ganesha in
2605:
and in Buddhist Tantras. Krishan is one of the academics who accept this view, stating flatly of Ganesha, "He is a non-Vedic god. His origin is to be traced to the four Vināyakas, evil spirits, of the
4618:. Miniature of Nurpur school, circa 1810. Museum of Chandigarh. For this image see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 64, which describes it as follows: "On a terrace leaning against a thick white bolster,
3824:
1683:
at the base of the spine ." Thus, Ganesha has a permanent abode in every being at the Muladhara. Ganesha holds, supports and guides all other chakras, thereby "governing the forces that propel the
2548:
Thapan's book on the development of Ganesha devotes a chapter to speculations about the role elephants had in early India but concludes that "although by the second century CE the elephant-headed
1865:, the goddess of satisfaction. This story has no Puranic basis, but Anita Raina Thapan and Lawrence Cohen cite Santoshi Ma's cult as evidence of Ganesha's continuing evolution as a popular deity.
2579:. Brown notes that this seal indicates the sacredness of elephants before Vedic period. One theory of the origin of Ganesha is that he gradually came to prominence in connection with the four
1673:
means "base, foundation". The muladhara chakra is the principle on which the manifestation or outward expansion of primordial Divine Force rests. This association is also attested to in the
1005:
with this general form has been dated to the 7th century. Details of the other hands are difficult to make out on the statue shown. In the standard configuration, Ganesha typically holds an
3169:
and took their culture, including Ganesha, with them. Statues of Ganesha are found throughout the region, often beside Shiva sanctuaries. The forms of Ganesha found in the Hindu art of the
2945:. Adi Shankara instituted the tradition primarily to unite the principal deities of these five major sects on an equal status. This formalised the role of Ganesha as a complementary deity.
1439:(village deity) who later rose to greater prominence. Martin-Dubost notes a view that the rat is a symbol suggesting that Ganesha, like the rat, penetrates even the most secret places.
2419:. These figures are small, with an elephant head, two arms, and chubby physique. The earliest Ganesha icons in stone were carved in Mathura during Kushan times (2nd–3rd centuries CE).
1889:
is worshipped by almost all castes and in all parts of the country". Devotees believe that if Ganesha is propitiated, he grants success, prosperity and protection against adversity.
2063:
Today, Hindus across India celebrate the Ganapati festival with great fervour, though it is most popular in the state of Maharashtra. The festival also assumes huge proportions in
4624:
is seated on a bed of pink lotus petals arranged on a low seat to the back of which is fixed a parasol. The elephant-faced god, with his body entirely red, is dressed in a yellow
2514:
Courtright reviews various speculative theories about the early history of Ganesha, including supposed tribal traditions and animal cults, and dismisses all of them in this way:
3214:
3158:
Commercial and cultural contacts extended India's influence in Western and Southeast Asia. Ganesha is one of a number of Hindu deities who consequently reached foreign lands.
2478:
The evidence for more ancient Ganesha, suggests Narain, may reside outside Brahmanic or Sanskritic traditions, or outside geocultural boundaries of India. Ganesha appears in
2451:. This is dated to the 5th century. An early iconic image of Ganesha with elephant head, a bowl of sweets and a goddess sitting in his lap has been found in the ruins of the
5729:
This work is reproduced and described in Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 51, which describes it as follows: "This square shaped miniature shows us in a Himalayan landscape the god
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show specific regional influences. The spread of Hindu culture throughout Southeast Asia established Ganesha worship in modified forms in Burma, Cambodia, and Thailand. In
9442:
3319:
where he focused on his academic and literary works. His personal belief regarding Ganesha as the god of arts formally became prominent following the establishment of the
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were a group of four troublesome demons who created obstacles and difficulties but who were easily propitiated. The name Vināyaka is a common name for Ganesha both in the
1767:
Ganesha's marital status, the subject of considerable scholarly review, varies widely in mythological stories. One pattern of myths identifies Ganesha as an unmarried
3193:
were practised side by side, and mutual influences can be seen in the iconography of Ganesha in the region. In Thailand, Cambodia, and among the Hindu classes of the
2474:
deity" before the fourth to fifth century A.D. ... n my opinion, indeed there is no convincing evidence of the existence of this divinity prior to the fifth century.
5759:
with four arms with a red body and naked, adorned only with jewels, tiny anklets and a golden chain around his stomach, a necklace of pearls, bracelets and armlets."
2470:
explanations contained in the confusing, but nonetheless interesting, mythology. On the other hand, there are doubts about the existence of the idea and the icon of
1785:(prosperity); these qualities are personified as goddesses, said to be Ganesha's wives. He also may be shown with a single consort or a nameless servant (Sanskrit:
1170:
appeared in Central India during the 9th and the 10th centuries. The serpent is a common feature in Ganesha iconography and appears in many forms. According to the
5685:
Tantra Unveiled: Seducing the Forces of Matter & Spirit By Rajmani Tigunait; Contributor Deborah Willoughby; Published 1999; Himalayan Institute Press; p. 83;
2052:
and the non-Brahmins and find an appropriate context in which to build a new grassroots unity between them" in his nationalistic strivings against the British in
2609:(7th–4th century BCE) who cause various types of evil and suffering". Depictions of elephant-headed human figures, which some identify with Ganesha, appear in
583:, Ganesha's father. The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the
3213:
are among three local governments that include Ganesha in their regency/city official seals. Indonesia is the only country who featured Ganesha on her bill (
4324:
6330:; Edited By Eleanor Zelliot, Maxine Berntsen, pp. 76–94 ("The Ganesh Festival in Maharashtra: Some Observations" by Paul B. Courtright); 1988; SUNY Press;
3814:
9984:
3162:
the principal deity associated with traders. The earliest inscription invoking Ganesha before any other deity is associated with the merchant community.
2443:, has an inscription on Ganesha pedestal that has helped date it to the 5th century. Another Ganesha sculpture is embedded in the walls of Cave 6 of the
1562:
can mean "fond of", and in a marital context it can mean "lover" or "husband", so the name may mean either "Fond of Intelligence" or "Buddhi's Husband".
5579:
I.46, v. 5 of the Ganesha Sahasranama section in GP-1993, Sharma edition. It appears in verse 10 of the version as given in the Bhaskararaya commentary.
1773:. This view is common in southern India and parts of northern India. Another popularly-accepted mainstream pattern associates him with the concepts of
9786:
8933:
2718:(3rd century BCE), invokes Ganesha while preparing the invitation to the three Tamil Kingdoms for giving away in marriage of Angavay and Sangavay of
4640:
counts on his rosary in his lower right hand; his two upper hands brandish an axe and an elephant goad; his fourth hand holds the broken left tusk."
9959:
9944:
9808:
5647:
3248:, but also as a Hindu demon form with the same name. His image appears in Buddhist sculptures during the late Gupta period. As the Buddhist god
10250:
9969:
2048:
transformed this annual Ganesha festival from private family celebrations into a grand public event. He did so "to bridge the gap between the
9894:
9889:
9874:
9760:
6960:
2, 3, 4, 5. Second Revised Edition; Edited and Revised by Ravi Prakash Arya and K. L. Joshi. (Parimal Publications: Delhi, 2001). (Vol. II);
3024:
was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha. She bases her reasoning on the fact that, among other internal evidence, the
2044:) are immersed in the most convenient body of water. Some families have a tradition of immersion on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, or 7th day. In 1893,
5484:
4515:
4358:
Buddha in the Crown : Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka
7070:
9, 10. Second Revised Edition; Edited and Revised by Ravi Prakash Arya and K.L. Joshi. (Parimal Publications: Delhi, 2001). (Vol. IV);
2890:
A Ganesha-centric Panchayatana: Ganesha (centre) with Shiva (top left), Devi (top right), Vishnu (bottom left) and Surya (bottom right).
2261:
1431:(impediment) that needed to be overcome. According to this theory, showing Ganesha as master of the rat demonstrates his function as
2125:; lit. "eight Ganesha (shrines)") in Maharashtra are particularly well known. Located within a 100-kilometer radius of the city of
3260:
Ganapati, was popular in northern India, later adopted in Nepal, and then in Tibet. In Nepal, the Hindu form of Ganesha, known as
2779:
have been proven to be very late interpolations, and thus are not very helpful for determining the early formation of the deity".
579:
when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaṇas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of
6567:
3323:. Today, Ganesha is depicted both in the seal of the Fine Arts Department, and Thailand's first prominent fine arts academy; the
3020:, which he dates between 1100 and 1400. However, Phyllis Granoff finds problems with this relative dating and concludes that the
2921:
Ganesha's rise to prominence was codified in the 9th century when he was formally included as one of the five primary deities of
433:
head and four arms. He is widely revered, more specifically, as the remover of obstacles and bringer of good luck; the patron of
7252:
2617:
as early as the 2nd century. According to Ellawala, the elephant-headed Ganesha as lord of the Ganas was known to the people of
9449:
1186:) wrapped around the stomach as a belt, held in a hand, coiled at the ankles, or as a throne. Upon Ganesha's forehead may be a
183:
8926:
8454:
5174:
5147:
3967:हवामहे कविं कवीनामुपमश्रवस्तमम् । ज्येष्ठराजं ब्रह्मणां ब्रह्मणस्पत आ नः शृण्वन्नूतिभिः सीद सादनम् ॥१॥; For translation, see
10220:
5969:, that is, an unmarried deity; but legend gave him two consorts, personifications of Wisdom (Buddhi) and Success (Siddhi)."
4239:
3688:, Vigna means obstacles Nasha means destroy. These ideas are so common that Courtright uses them in the title of his book,
10102:
8595:
2129:, each of the eight shrines celebrates a particular form of Ganapati, complete with its own lore. The eight shrines are:
1029:). The same combination of four arms and attributes occurs in statues of Ganesha dancing, which is a very popular theme.
6027:
For a review of associations with Buddhi, Siddhi, Riddhi, and other figures, and the statement "In short the spouses of
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8520:
8498:
8436:
8376:
8356:
8302:
8275:
8254:
8226:
8203:
8182:
8151:
8132:
7959:
Wilkinson, Christopher. "The Tantric Ganesa: Text Preserved in the Tibetan Canon." in Brown, Robert L. (editor) (1991)
6765:
6224:
For worship of Ganesha by "followers of all sects and denominations, Saivites, Vaisnavites, Buddhists, and Jainas" see
5868:
4366:
4333:, pp. 176, 182, Note: some scholars suggest adoption of Ganesha by the late 6th century CE, see p. 192 footnote 7.
4271:
4233:
4041:
of the Gangā. Therefore he is said to have two mothers—Pārvati and Gangā and hence called dvaimātura and also Gāngeya."
3771:
3741:
3121:
2994:
Ganesha is worshipped as one of the five principle deities along with Siva, Vishnu, the Sun, Ganesha, and the Goddess.
1465:
3295:, the earliest known stone statue of Ganesha carries an inscription dated to 531. In Japan, where Ganesha is known as
1911:(Om, salutation to the Illustrious Ganesha) are often used. One of the most famous mantras associated with Ganesha is
8823:
8622:
8400:
8113:
2881:
1696:
447:
4416:, for a richly illustrated collection of studies on specific aspects of Ganesha with a focus on art and iconography.
10260:
8919:
4452:
4410:, pp. 87–100, for a survey of iconography with emphasis on developmental themes, well-illustrated with plates.
3066:
is part of the Puranic literature, and is a litany of a thousand names and attributes of Ganesha. Each name in the
2241:
2933:) system among orthodox Brahmins of the Smarta tradition. This worship practice invokes the five deities Ganesha,
1736:
texts give different versions about his birth. In some he was created by Parvati, or by Shiva or created by Shiva
10285:
8757:
5442:, p. 73. For mention of the interpretation that "the rat is 'the animal that finds its way to every place,'"
5007:, p. 202. For the text of a stone inscription dated 1470 identifying Ganesha's sacred thread as the serpent
3320:
2380:
2177:
2134:
5860:
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
4873:
For history and prevalence of forms with various arms and the four-armed form as one of the standard types see:
10280:
10275:
10270:
7941:
7075:
6965:
6335:
5690:
5621:
2562:. There is no evidence of a deity by this name having an elephant or elephant-headed form at this early stage.
2233:
1675:
1593:(Om is his form), when identified with Ganesha, refers to the notion that he personifies the primal sound. The
1461:
484:
7064:. Sanskrit text, English translation, notes, and index of verses. Parimal Sanskrit Series No. 45. Volume IV:
5121:
Sharma (1993 edition of Ganesha Purana) I.46.15. For the name Bhālacandra appearing in the Ganesha Sahasranama
3009:
to be between 1100 and 1400, which coincides with the apparent age of the sacred sites mentioned by the text.
6954:. Sanskrit text, English translation, notes, and index of verses. Parimal Sanskrit Series No. 45. Volume II:
5588:
Sharma edition, GP-1993 I.46, verses 204–206. The Bailey edition uses a variant text, and where Sharma reads
4455:
of Art that is dated as c. 12th century. Pal shows an example of this form dated c. 13th century on p. viii.
3458:"Ganesha getting ready to throw his lotus. Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi. In the
2575:(c. 2300 BCE - 2000 BCE) depicts 4 animals including an elephant around a deity who is claimed by some to be
1631:
Some devotees see similarities between the shape of Ganesha's body in iconography and the shape of Om in the
1266:
2165:
7564:) becoming "the major deities" in general, and their listing as Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, Surya, and Ganesha.
6371:, p. 225 For Tilak's role in converting the private family festivals to a public event in support of
4860:
For an iconographic chart showing number of arms and attributes classified by source and named form, see:
10235:
9270:
8639:
7645:
Preston, Lawrence W., "Subregional Religious Centers in the History of Maharashtra: The Sites Sacred to
3407:
3401:
1394:
The mouse is interpreted in several ways. According to Grimes, "Many, if not most of those who interpret
1038:
809:) (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hinduism as the master and remover of obstacles (
323:
10120:
2669:, but in neither case does it refer to the modern Ganesha. The term appears in RV 2.23.1 as a title for
10295:
10265:
10052:
8722:
3153:
3128:
2225:
1152:
749:
s and in Buddhist Tantras. This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in
423:
85:
4572:, pp. 22–23. For an example of a large image of this type being carried in a festival procession.
4525:
2518:
In this search for a historical origin for Gaṇeśa, some have suggested precise locations outside the
35:
31:
4628:
and a yellow scarf fringed with blue. Two white mice decorated with a pretty golden necklace salute
3476:
throws his lotus at him. Unable to bear the fragrance of the divine flower, the demon surrenders to
9390:
9226:
8900:
8782:
8772:
4287:
Brown, Robert L. (1987), "A Note on the Recently Discovered Gaṇeśa Image from Palembang, Sumatra",
2765:
explicitly establishes this identification. The description of Dantin, possessing a twisted trunk (
2281:
2249:
2154:
2146:
2080:
1705:
1072:
Shiva considered Ganesha too alluring, he gave him the head of an elephant and a protruding belly.
43:
8682:
3794:
and their relationship to the wide geographic dispersion of Ganesha worship, see: Chapter 6, "The
76:
10245:
10225:
10034:
8752:
8717:
6500:
5605:
4546:
Catlin, Amy; "Vātāpi Gaṇapatim": Sculptural, Poetic, and Musical Texts in the Hymn to Gaṇeśa" in
3166:
2307:(Vigneshvara) with or without a temple to house it in. At entrances of villages and forts, below
1369:
includes a meditation verse on Ganesha that describes the mouse appearing on his flag. The names
1044:
17:
6077:
and the identification of those goddesses with one another, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
3590:, pp. 175–187. For a review of Ganesha's geographic spread and popularity outside of India.
470:
tradition of Hinduism, Ganesha is the Supreme Being. The principal texts on Ganesha include the
10215:
10210:
9630:
8813:
8392:
8101:
6757:
5488:
3733:
3316:
3280:
2962:
2715:
2130:
1595:
1366:
251:
6641:
5858:
3311:
who was devoted to Ganesha personally. He even built a Ganesha shrine at his personal palace,
1759:
Ganesha with consorts Riddhi and Siddhi (spiritual power), Painting titled "Riddhi Siddhi" by
10290:
10230:
10205:
10137:
9462:
9435:
8615:
7434:
9427:
7090:), sit down among the companies (of the worshippers), they call you the most sage of sages".
6685:"A Unique Early Historic Terracotta Ganesa Image from Pal, District Aurangabad, Maharashtra"
6594:
King Khingala. For photograph of statue and details of inscription, see: Dhavalikar, M.K., "
10255:
10195:
10039:
9397:
9205:
8667:
8001:[Ganesh was not the god of art. King Vajiravudh was the one who made him be one.].
3324:
3312:
3291:
Ganesha also appears in China and Japan in forms that show distinct regional character. In
422:
worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends
4992:("Who has a serpent around his neck"), which refers to this standard iconographic element.
4903:
In Jainism" that the presence of only two arms on a Ganesha image points to an early date.
3070:
conveys a different meaning and symbolises a different aspect of Ganesha. Versions of the
2910:
Above all, one cannot help being struck by the fact that the numerous stories surrounding
8:
10240:
9999:
9605:
9320:
9075:
8844:
8818:
8727:
8712:
8465:
7120:
5613:
3233:
3062:
2903:
1700:
1546:
1427:(stealing, robbing). It was essential to subdue the rat as a destructive pest, a type of
1387:
1159:
1143:
867:
419:
214:
9480:
2060:, and he established the practice of submerging all the public images on the tenth day.
10200:
9765:
9625:
9532:
8787:
8334:
7244:
6750:
6623:
6372:
4314:
4037:
out of her bodily impurities but which became endowed with life after immersion in the
3819:
3726:
2407:
2158:
2035:
1599:
attests to this association. Chinmayananda translates the relevant passage as follows:
1402:
875:
6571:
6033:
are the personifications of his powers, manifesting his functional features...", see:
2351:
is invariably seen." Ganesha temples have also been built outside of India, including
9949:
9610:
9258:
8762:
8574:
8516:
8494:
8450:
8432:
8414:
8396:
8372:
8352:
8298:
8271:
8250:
8222:
8199:
8178:
8147:
8128:
8109:
7937:
7071:
6961:
6761:
6331:
5864:
5686:
5617:
5170:
5143:
4362:
4267:
4229:
3767:
3757:
3737:
2930:
2872:
is also believed to be an interpolation and does not appear in the critical edition.
2711:
literature often quotes the Rigvedic verses to give Vedic respectability to Ganesha.
2138:
1972:
1223:
519:
363:
112:
9954:
7352:
Rocher, Ludo "Ganesa's Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". Brown, pp. 71–72.
5453:"Lord of Removal of Obstacles", a common name, appears in the title of Courtright's
3285:
1531:
Ganesha is considered to be the Lord of letters and learning. In Sanskrit, the word
10190:
10029:
10019:
9645:
9615:
9507:
9190:
8702:
8657:
8608:
8326:
8091:
7122:
Tamil Wisdom; Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages, and Selections from their writings
6653:
4304:
4296:
3910:
is interpreted in this metaphysical sense by Bhāskararāya in his commentary on the
3276:
2821:
2364:
2173:
2026:
1964:
1857:
1840:(profit). In northern Indian variants of this story, the sons are often said to be
1717:
1523:(obstacle-averter). However, both functions continue to be vital to his character.
1486:
1206:
mark as well as a crescent moon on the forehead. A distinct form of Ganesha called
1136:
1112:
1021:) in the other upper arm. In rare instances, he may be depicted with a human head.
1014:
947:
915:
897:
760:
430:
270:
162:
39:
5720:
7. 'You have a permanent abode (in every being) at the place called "Muladhara"'..
4891:, p. 89, For two-armed forms as an earlier development than four-armed forms.
4397:, for a comprehensive review of iconography abundantly illustrated with pictures.
1178:
around his neck. Other depictions of snakes include use as a sacred thread (IAST:
10090:
10078:
9989:
9974:
9688:
9537:
9416:
9145:
9130:
8954:
8890:
8539:
Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta 'khadyota' vārtika sahita
8386:
8366:
8346:
8265:
8172:
8105:
8095:
7998:
6399:, p. 9. For Ganesha's appeal as "the god for Everyman" as a motivation for Tilak.
5361:
Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta 'khadyota' vārtika sahita
5164:
5137:
4721:
For creation of Ganesha from Shiva's laughter and subsequent curse by Shiva, see
4356:
4261:
3960:
3761:
3343:, for whom he appears to have taken over certain functions of the god of wealth,
3267:
Ganapati (also known as Vinayaka in Buddhism) was adopted as a deity into Indian
3139:(clockwise from top) Ganesha in Tibet (as Maharakta), Nepal, Thailand, Japan (as
2976:
2629:
2590:
2444:
2416:
2193:
1760:
589:" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements.
442:
403:
96:
8426:
8270:, SUNY Series in Religious Studies, Albany: State University of New York Press,
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
3339:
does not mention the worship of Ganesha. However, Ganesha is worshipped by some
2820:
in this interpolation. Richard L. Brown dates the story to the 8th century, and
2172:, Binkhambi Ganesh mandir in Kolhapur, Jai Vinayak temple in Jaigad, Ratnagiri,
1946:. Because of his identification with the color red, he is often worshipped with
9600:
9579:
9512:
9044:
8808:
8803:
8707:
8127:(Fourth revised and enlarged ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
7632:
For a review of major differences of opinions between scholars on dating, see:
5322:
4959:
4949:
4845:, p. 200, For a description of how a variant of this story is used in the
4263:
The Lovelorn Ghost and the Magical Monk: Practicing Buddhism in Modern Thailand
3308:
3210:
2958:
2954:
2614:
2572:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2386:
2352:
2237:
2229:
2181:
2097:
In Hindu temples, Ganesha is depicted in various ways: as a subordinate deity (
2045:
1992:
1947:
1679:. Courtright translates this passage as follows: "You continually dwell in the
1648:
1636:
1540:
1175:
1081:
979:
829:
821:
478:
472:
274:
245:
239:
108:
4098:
These ideas are so common that Courtright uses them in the title of his book,
3994:
vināyako vighnarājadvaimāturagaṇādhipāḥ – apyekadantaherambalambodaragajānanāḥ
1873:
1793:). Another pattern connects Ganesha with the goddess of culture and the arts,
10184:
9964:
9919:
9655:
9569:
9522:
9381:
8942:
8744:
8652:
8418:
8191:
6695:
4038:
3381:
2670:
2415:
images of Ganesha are from 1st century CE found in Ter, Pal, Verrapuram, and
2269:
2253:
2221:
1862:
1684:
1680:
1353:
1102:(Great Belly). Both names are Sanskrit compounds describing his belly (IAST:
639:, it is uncertain that the Vedic term referred specifically to Ganesha. The
466:
tradition, but he is a pan-Hindu god found in its various traditions. In the
407:
171:
124:
7385:
were consulted for the reconstruction of the critical edition. The story of
6657:
4223:
3596:, pp. 37–38, For discussion of the spread of Ganesha worship to Nepal,
2824:
concludes that it was known as early as c. 900, but it was not added to the
10066:
9883:
9879:
9858:
9650:
9620:
9595:
9574:
9564:
9548:
9527:
8767:
8672:
8647:
6917:
For a discussion of early depiction of elephant-headed figures in art, see
6614:
Dhavalikar, M. K. (1971), "A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan",
6008:
For discussion on celibacy of Ganesha, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
5374:
3284:
sources, Ganesha is generally presented as an emanation of the Bodhisattva
2926:
2787:
2761:). These names are suggestive of Ganesha, and the 14th-century commentator
2456:
2289:
2164:
There are many other important Ganesha temples at the following locations:
2142:
2084:
2021:
1894:
1824:
1769:
1570:
1049:
1002:
938:
is Khanet (can be transliterated as Ganet), or the more official title of
755:
703:(one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and
335:
30:"Vinayaka", "Ganapati", and "Lambodara" redirect here. For other uses, see
9086:
8911:
8557:
8544:
8537:
8530:
8509:
8468:
8312:
8214:
7684:
7665:
7646:
7610:
7604:
7558:
7544:
7537:
7513:
7470:
7438:
7428:
7422:
7393:
7386:
7379:
7362:
7332:
7323:
7317:
7300:
7212:
7206:
7200:
7193:
7185:
7169:
7163:
7148:
7142:
7136:
7100:
7079:
7065:
7058:
7038:
7023:
7013:
6975:
6969:
6955:
6948:
6595:
6585:
6445:
6412:
6309:
6303:
6157:
6135:
6116:
6097:
6078:
6055:
6048:
6028:
6009:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5964:
5958:
5933:
5823:
5781:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5522:
5455:
5433:
5372:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5258:
5249:
5063:
5051:
5021:
5008:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4963:
4898:
4799:
4763:
4635:
4629:
4619:
4613:
4401:
4192:
4160:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4130:
4123:
4079:
4032:
4024:
4005:
3992:
3986:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3873:
3846:
3795:
3788:
3702:
3643:
3534:
3528:
3516:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3255:
3249:
3243:
2911:
2862:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2828:
some 150 years later. Winternitz also notes that a distinctive feature in
2811:
2801:
2773:
2766:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2657:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2465:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2309:
2301:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2001:
1978:
1957:
1951:
1940:
1922:
1914:
1904:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1798:
1787:
1660:
1587:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1421:
1413:
1403:
1395:
1379:
1371:
1302:
1212:
1191:
1180:
1122:
1116:
says that Ganesha has the name Lambodara because all the universes (i.e.,
1104:
923:
811:
803:
785:
768:
744:
733:
709:
675:
667:
655:
619:
611:
600:
584:
570:
560:
532:
376:
172:
163:
154:
139:
10024:
9994:
9979:
9676:
9640:
9584:
9491:
9458:
9374:
9349:
9290:
9064:
8946:
7341:, pp. 56–57. For Dhavilkar's views on Ganesha's in early Literature.
6893:
6591:
6253:
applies to all regional varieties of cakes or sweets offered to Ganesha.
4937:, pp. 50–53, For an overview of snake images in Ganesha iconography.
3721:
3292:
3194:
3170:
3067:
2829:
2792:
2783:
2639:
2395:
2299:
T. A. Gopinatha notes, "Every village however small has its own image of
2169:
2053:
1804:
1749:
1086:
750:
233:
62:
7248:
7099:
For use of RV verses in recent Ganapatya literature, see Rocher, Ludo. "
6627:
5521:
For Dhavilkar's views on Ganesha's shifting role, see Dhavalikar, M.K. "
3815:"Lord Ganesha – Symbolic description of Lord Ganesha | – Times of India"
3103:
1452:
9802:
9781:
9754:
9726:
9559:
9542:
9517:
9502:
9496:
9356:
9285:
8999:
8467:
The Nāmalingānuśāsana (Amarakosha) of Amarasimha: with the Commentary (
8338:
6752:
The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation
6431:
For Ganesh Chaturthi as the most popular festival in Maharashtra, see:
4442:, p. 213. In the upper right corner, the statue is dated as (973–1200).
4318:
3304:
2723:
2690:
2610:
2412:
2316:
2265:
2257:
2245:
1987:
1878:
1861:
shows Ganesha married to Riddhi and Siddhi and having a daughter named
1853:
1632:
990:
641:
10154:
6318:)., "Festivals and Sacred Days", in: Bhattacharyya, volume IV, p. 483.
5092:
as prescribing the crescent for decoration of the forehead of Ganesha
4931:, p. 202, For an overview of snake images in Ganesha iconography.
4309:
4085:
sites and a description of pilgrimage practices related to them, see:
3664:
India - Mahabharata. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India)
2886:
1435:(Lord of Obstacles) and gives evidence of his possible role as a folk
429:
Although Ganesha has many attributes, he is readily identified by his
9939:
9899:
9731:
9665:
9635:
9589:
9476:
9344:
9275:
9165:
9108:
9024:
8869:
8849:
8697:
6689:
Kala, the Journal of Indian Art History Congress, Vol XI. (2006–2007)
6074:
4520:
3601:
3385:
3268:
3197:
in Vietnam, Ganesha was mainly thought of as a remover of obstacles.
3186:
2983:
2730:
2708:
2634:
2618:
2580:
2508:
2500:
2293:
2285:
2224:. Prominent Ganesha temples in southern India include the following:
2197:
1794:
1745:
1656:
1321:
1187:
1117:
983:
963:
943:
885:
might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the
625:, meaning "ruler" or "lord". Though the earliest mention of the word
411:
312:
210:
104:
66:
9924:
8330:
6865:
Rocher, Ludo. "Gaṇeśa's Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".
6115:
For discussion of the Kala Bou, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
5774:, pp. 7–14. For a summary of Puranic variants of birth stories.
5402:
A Student's Guide to AS Religious Studies for the OCR Specification,
4897:, p. 103 Maruti Nandan Tiwari and Kamal Giri say in "Images of
4490:
4300:
3642:
For Ganesha's role as an eliminator of obstacles, see commentary on
2495:
1365:, where Ganesha uses it as his vehicle in his last incarnation. The
496:
Ganesha has been ascribed many other titles and epithets, including
10085:
10009:
10004:
9934:
9929:
9685:
9486:
9411:
9367:
9339:
9309:
9295:
9215:
9175:
9160:
9019:
8962:
8885:
8854:
8777:
8732:
7298:, pp. 12–15. For arguments documenting interpolation into the
7232:
6684:
5716:, p. 127, In Chinmayananda's numbering system this is part of
4451:
Pal, p. vi. The picture on this page depicts a stone statue in the
3597:
3391:
3296:
3239:
3217:, between 1998 and 2008), although it is no longer in circulation.
3206:
3190:
3144:
3140:
3110:
2922:
2665:
2484:
2217:
2150:
1337:
1333:
1246:
935:
871:
716:
463:
434:
351:
188:
10171:
6134:
For statement regarding sons, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
6096:
For associations with Lakshmi see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
3092:
1807:). He is also associated with the goddess of luck and prosperity,
1619:. You are fire and air . You are the sun and the moon . You are
10014:
9720:
9660:
9554:
9361:
9334:
9195:
9170:
9150:
9118:
9113:
9103:
9029:
9009:
8994:
8989:
8864:
8662:
5102:
I.14, which includes a meditation form with the moon on forehead.
3953:
3340:
3336:
3261:
2972:
2895:
2213:
2185:
2049:
1882:
1816:
1808:
1733:
1729:
1713:
1620:
1554:. This name also appears in a list of 21 names at the end of the
1341:
1064:
1059:
1006:
695:
635:
455:
438:
298:
206:
153:
100:
81:
5780:, pp. 41–82. Chapter 2, "Stories of Birth According to the
974:
9711:
9701:
9696:
9305:
9300:
9265:
9253:
9243:
9210:
9200:
9135:
9054:
9034:
8972:
8967:
7086:
6731:
6729:
5388:
For a review of different interpretations, and quotation, see:
3344:
3202:
3182:
2934:
2762:
2719:
2436:
2391:
2273:
2209:
2205:
2189:
2064:
2057:
2009:
1977:
1898:
1812:
1652:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1579:
1533:
1285:
1262:
1251:
1226:. For example, white is associated with his representations as
1193:
1094:, two different incarnations of Ganesha use names based on it:
959:
955:
331:
327:
221:
134:
2335:(Shiva) and also in separate shrines specially constructed in
1218:; "Moon on the Forehead") includes that iconographic element.
10096:
9716:
9457:
9329:
9248:
9180:
9140:
9125:
9049:
9014:
8977:
8895:
8859:
6584:
The inscription says that this "great and beautiful image of
6328:
The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra
4625:
4568:
photograph 9, "Ganesh images being taken for immersion", in:
4122:
For Krishan's views on Ganesha's dual nature see his quote: "
3221:
2942:
2797:
2755:), "elephant-faced" (Hastimukha), and "with a curved trunk" (
2694:
2644:
2576:
2479:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2399:
2356:
2277:
2201:
2040:
1935:
1931:
1725:
1709:
1623:. You are (the three worlds) Bhuloka , Antariksha-loka , and
1616:
1612:
1348:
1329:
1313:
1273:
1068:
1026:
1018:
1010:
997:
580:
459:
415:
292:
226:
196:
8571:
Understanding Gaṇapati: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult
8551:. Source text with a commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.
6971:
gaṇānāṃ tvā gaṇapatiṃ havāmahe kaviṃ kavīnāmupamaśravastamam
6726:
6676:
5656:, p. 127, In Chinmayananda's numbering system, this is
3935:
2435:. It is dated to the 4th century. The second image found in
1755:
1328:. Jain depictions of Ganesha show his vahana variously as a
60:
God of New Beginnings, Wisdom and Luck; Remover of Obstacles
9280:
9220:
9185:
9155:
9095:
9069:
9059:
9039:
8984:
8839:
5635:, pp. 60–70p. discusses Ganesha as "Buddhi's Husband".
5118:, p. 81 For Bhālacandra as a distinct form worshipped.
4578:, p. 25, For two similar statues about to be immersed.
3666:. United States Educational Foundation in India. p. 4.
3489:
3178:
3174:
2938:
2504:
2126:
2068:
1297:
920:
886:
630:
565:), meaning a 'group, multitude, or categorical system' and
555:
527:
514:
371:
8600:
7732:
3916:. See in particular commentary on verse 6 including names
2967:
2089:
1716:
giving a bath to Ganesha. Kangra miniature, 18th century.
1037:
For thirty-two popular iconographic forms of Ganesha, see
846:). A. K. Narain differentiates these terms by saying that
8165:. Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture.
6980:, chief leader of the (heavenly) bands; a sage of sages."
3872:
For the derivation of the name and relationship with the
3057:, was probably composed during the 16th or 17th century.
1497:
and his raison d'être is to create and remove obstacles.
8144:
Ganeśapurāna: Introduction, translation, notes and index
7999:"พระคเณศไม่ใช่เทพศิลปะ รัชกาลที่ 6 ทรงทำให้เป็นเทพศิลปะ"
7963:
pp. 235-274. State University of New Ytrrk Pre'ss,Albany
7720:
6928:
4986:
around the belly and for the name in his sahasranama as
2455:
in Madhya Pradesh, and this is dated to the 5th-century
2071:, and in the surrounding belt of Ashtavinayaka temples.
1938:. He is often shown carrying a bowl of sweets, called a
7866:
4595:, pp. 41–64. For many examples of Ganesha dancing.
1582:
1128:) of the past, present, and future are present in him.
192:
7435:
the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
7118:
4259:
3890:
3888:
3521:
is often said to be the most worshipped god in India."
1276:(shrew) in five of them, a lion in his incarnation as
1238:
is visualised as blue during meditation in that form.
10050:
7556:, p. 470. Volume VI. For the "five" divinities (
7081:
ni ṣu sīda gaṇapate gaṇeṣu tvāmāhurvipratamaṃ kavīnām
6798:
6410:
For Tilak as the first to use large public images in
4601:, p. 183 For the popularity of the dancing form.
4361:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6, 100, 180–181.
1558:
that Ganesha says are especially important. The word
645:, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of
7902:
7890:
7878:
7816:
7792:
7377:
For a statement that "Fifty-nine manuscripts of the
6642:"On the so-called earliest representation of Ganesa"
5558:
4336:
3442:
3440:
2860:
that are regarded as interpolations. A reference to
1985:(the fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of
1968:) and other materials are also used in his worship.
6786:
6774:
6391:
The Legacy of G.S. Ghurye: A Centennial Festschrift
5438:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature", in:
3885:
3264:, is popular; he has five heads and rides a lion.
3242:Buddhism, not only in the form of the Buddhist god
2836:is their omission of this Ganesha legend. The term
2319:) trees ... in a niche ... in temples of
1267:the eight incarnations of Ganesha described in the
8249:(1992 reprint ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7653:Images of Maharashtra: A Regional Profile of India
6749:
5932:For a review, see: Cohen, Lawrence. "The Wives of
4732:
4354:
3725:
3482:." For quotation of description of the work, see:
3464:(VII, 70), in order to kill the demon of egotism (
3425:
3279:pantheon. There are thirty texts contained in the
1724:Though Ganesha is popularly held to be the son of
1347:Ganesha is often shown riding on or attended by a
874:tooth or tusk". Anita Raina Thapan notes that the
7217:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature" in
7105:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature" in
5131:
5129:
3437:
2948:
2902:In his survey of Ganesha's rise to prominence in
2532:prior to what we can already see in place in the
1744:The family includes his brother, the god of war,
1627:. You are Om. (That is to say, You are all this).
1198:), which consists of three horizontal lines. The
1085:, which states that the name of Ganesha's second
743:is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the
10182:
7672:Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research Institute
7475:and translation as "Creator of Obstacles", see:
7437:(1898:382). Citation provided by Rocher, Ludo. "
5883:For a summary of variant names for Skanda, see:
5257:Maruti Nandan Tiwari and Kamal Giri, "Images of
5019:, p. 92. For the snake as a common type of
4031:, 1999, p. 6): "Pārvati who created an image of
2398:, and once displayed at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath,
2093:The Morgaon temple, the chief Ashtavinyak temple
2007:(fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of
8488:
8292:
7518:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".
7443:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".
7043:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".
7018:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".
6054:(servant), see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of
5957:, p. 33. "According to ancient tradition,
5926:
5896:
5248:, p. 348. For the Ganesha Purana story of
4266:. Columbia University Press. pp. 156–157.
3555:
3495:
3299:, the Ganesha cult was first mentioned in 806.
3254:, he is often shown dancing. This form, called
2749:(10.1), appeal to a deity as "the tusked one" (
2707:)." However, Rocher notes that the more recent
2556:form exists it cannot be presumed to represent
2487:theology by early centuries of the common era.
996:Ganesha images were prevalent in many parts of
402:, is one of the best-known and most worshipped
5126:
4491:"Adi Vinayaka - The Primordial Form of Ganesh"
4400:Chapter X, "Development of the Iconography of
4100:Ganesha: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings
3963:, Hymn 2.23.1, Wikisource, Quote: गणानां त्वा
3766:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 30–31.
3690:Ganesha: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings
2677:, Ludo Rocher says that it "clearly refers to
2105:); as a deity related to the principal deity (
1098:(Pot Belly, or, literally, Hanging Belly) and
854:means a "noble child". He adds that the words
796:
778:
726:
594:
9443:
8927:
8616:
8564:, Vārānasi: Chowkhambā Sanskrit Series Office
8528:
8384:
8247:Gaṇeśa: A Monograph on the Elephant-Faced God
8190:
8160:
7984:
7972:
7858:
7553:
7456:For interpolations of the term vināyaka see:
7112:
6747:
6315:
6278:
6266:
6254:
5777:
5713:
5653:
5426:
5339:
5327:
5300:
5285:
5201:
5189:
5162:
5004:
4955:
4928:
4914:
4562:
4439:
4394:
4179:
4118:
4116:
3929:
3879:
3607:
3561:
3483:
2929:popularised the "worship of the five forms" (
2703:', translated "Lord of the companies (of the
2406:An elephant–headed anthropomorphic figure on
929:
905:
8449:. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House.
8310:
7316:*Thapan, p. 101. For interpolation into the
7289:
6918:
6896:, Saivism and other Minor Sects. p. 147–148.
6639:
6225:
6183:
5225:
5169:. Franco-Indian Research. pp. 412–416.
4974:, pp. 51–52. For the story of wrapping
4968:around the neck and use of a serpent-throne.
3851:: A Protohistory of the Idea and the Icon".
3661:
3081:
2689:only". Equally clearly, the second passage (
2624:
2113:); or as the principal deity of the temple (
1815:region, links Ganesha with the banana tree,
1288:, the divine serpent, in his incarnation as
491:
27:Hindu god of new beginnings, wisdom and luck
8941:
8425:Metcalf, Thomas R.; Metcalf, Barbara Daly,
8022:
8020:
7996:
7936:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers: p. 76.
7552:Bhattacharyya, S., "Indian Hymnology", in:
5983:or orthodox traditional religious beliefs,
5850:
5695:
5098:, pp. 198–199. For the translation of
2655:The title "Leader of the group" (Sanskrit:
1811:. Another pattern, mainly prevalent in the
841:
9450:
9436:
8934:
8920:
8623:
8609:
8424:
8211:
8198:, Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust,
7714:
7532:
6816:
6613:
6451:
6346:
5701:
5509:
5371:, 1991). Source text with a commentary by
5135:
4381:
4113:
4107:
2971:8th-century Ganesha statue in Cham Museum
1603:(O Lord Ganapati!) You are (the Trimurti)
1574:Ganesha, Chola period, early 13th century.
1400:'s mouse, do so negatively; it symbolizes
1261:The earliest Ganesha images are without a
553:is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words
414:sect. His depictions are found throughout
75:
8507:Saraswati, Swami Tattvavidananda (2004),
8506:
8388:Gaṇeśa, the Enchanter of the Three Worlds
8351:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers,
8239:, Colombo: Department of Cultural Affairs
7833:
7831:
7230:
7165:tát púruṣâya vidmahe vakratuṇḍāya dhîmahi
5166:Gaṇeśa, the Enchanter of the Three Worlds
4308:
4092:
4061:
4059:
3662:DeVito, Carole; DeVito, Pasquale (1994).
3649:
3378:For the human-headed form of Ganesha in:
2894:Stories about Ganesha often occur in the
1828:says that Ganesha had begotten two sons:
8325:(4), Artibus Asiae Publishers: 285–301,
8234:
8177:, Albany: State University of New York,
8017:
7368:Vol. 1 Part 2. Critical edition, p. 884.
6934:
6501:"Major Ganesha Temples around the world"
5357:see v. 6. For Ākhuketana see v. 67. In:
3720:
3682:
3586:Chapter XVII, "The Travels Abroad", in:
2966:
2885:
2790:. A late interpolation to the epic poem
2628:
2494:
2390:, a 7th-century marble Ganesha found in
2379:
2088:
2029:during the festival of Ganesha Chaturthi
2020:
1872:
1868:
1754:
1704:
1569:
1526:
1245:
1048:A typical four-armed form. Miniature of
1043:
973:
450:associated with his birth and exploits.
8344:
8219:: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings
8026:
7500:
7476:
7457:
7400:
7295:
6905:
6711:, pp. 19–21, chapter by AK Narain.
6554:
6542:
6463:
6212:
6200:
6034:
5972:
5857:Melton, J. Gordon (13 September 2011).
5681:
5679:
5632:
5460:: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings
5413:
5239:
5213:
4971:
4934:
4888:
4874:
4407:
4167:
4050:
3756:
3732:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2256:which is a town named after Ganesha in
1995:(Ganesha's birthday) celebrated on the
1473:
14:
10183:
8568:
8554:
8364:
8293:Khokar, Ashish; Saraswati, S. (2005),
8263:
8141:
8074:
8062:
8050:
8038:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7828:
7786:
7774:
7738:
7726:
7702:
7633:
7615:tradition and the relationship of the
7600:
7580:
6922:
6859:
6828:
6804:
6525:
6487:
6432:
6419:
6368:
6290:
6237:
6169:
5884:
5856:
5670:
5389:
5245:
5095:
4842:
4476:See photograph 2, "Large Ganesh", in:
4210:
4065:
4056:
4000:
3968:
3941:
3801:
3786:For history of the development of the
3613:
3604:, Java, Bali, Borneo, China, and Japan
2490:
1930:Devotees offer Ganesha sweets such as
1690:
1234:(Ganapati Who Releases from Bondage).
575:), meaning 'lord or master'. The word
9431:
8915:
8604:
8444:
8283:
8244:
8221:, New York: Oxford University Press,
8170:
8083:
7920:
7908:
7896:
7884:
7872:
7852:
7837:
7822:
7810:
7798:
7762:
7750:
7690:
7519:
7488:
7444:
7391:acting as the scribe for writing the
7338:
7274:
7255:from the original on 1 February 2016.
7218:
7125:. London: Wesleyan Conference Office.
7106:
7044:
7028:is a variant name for Brahamanaspati.
7019:
6992:
6866:
6840:
6792:
6780:
6735:
6720:
6708:
6682:
6670:
6601:
6475:
6396:
6362:
6163:
6141:
6122:
6103:
6084:
6061:
6015:
5954:
5939:
5908:
5844:
5841:Brahmavaivarta Purana, Ganesha Khanda
5771:
5753:balances with her left hand the baby
5552:
5540:
5528:
5439:
5279:
5264:
5115:
5081:
5039:
5016:
4894:
4861:
4805:
4786:
4769:
4750:
4738:
4726:
4709:
4697:
4685:
4673:
4661:
4649:
4634:by joining their tiny feet together.
4598:
4547:
4464:
4427:
4342:
4330:
4286:
4242:from the original on 10 February 2010
4198:
4128:has a dual nature; as Vināyaka, as a
3852:
3827:from the original on 15 November 2020
3708:
3676:
3593:
3587:
3567:
3524:
3512:
3446:
3431:
3395:
2370:
2367:), and in several western countries.
1971:Festivals associated with Ganesh are
1578:Ganesha is identified with the Hindu
934:). The widespread name of Ganesha in
914:
10103:
8408:
8161:Bhattacharyya, Haridas, ed. (1956).
8122:
7997:วัฒนะมหาตม์, กิตติ (November 2011).
6998:
6756:. Oxford University Press. pp.
5747:. Seated comfortably on the meadow,
5676:
5564:
5471:
5254:with the peacock mount (GP I.84.2–3)
4822:
4781:"Ganesha in Indian Plastic Art" and
4086:
3894:
3858:
3619:
3350:
2651:to Ganesha, who serves as the scribe
2411:in Mathura and outside India. First
2016:
1927:, Salutation to the Lord of Hosts).
1158:Ganesha in Bronze from 13th century
1032:
820:A prominent name for Ganesha in the
8493:, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications,
8463:
8371:, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications,
8090:
7946:
7586:
5920:
5485:"Ganesha: The Remover of Obstacles"
5061:) I.46.1. For Ganesa visualized as
4592:
4575:
4569:
4477:
4413:
3982:
2844:is found in some recensions of the
2375:
1464:The central icon of Ganesha at the
1025:protection or fearlessness (Abhaya
24:
8413:, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan,
8411:Temples and Legends of Maharashtra
2683:—who is the deity of the hymn—and
2538:literature and the iconography of
2464:Gaṇeśa's Vedic origins and in the
2242:Puliakulam Munthi Vinayagar Temple
1466:Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati temple
1280:, a peacock in his incarnation as
1162:, depicting Ganesha with four arms
978:A 13th-century statue of Ganesha,
546:) is often added before his name.
25:
10307:
10251:Mythological human–animal hybrids
8589:
8573:. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.
8125:The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
7535:, p. 163) For Dating of the
7084:; "Lord of the companies (of the
6046:For single consort or a nameless
5604:Practical Sanskrit Dictionary By
5318:Brahmananda Purana Lalitamahatmya
5088:I.14.21–25 and For a citation to
4524:. 10 October 2003. Archived from
2882:Mythological anecdotes of Ganesha
2875:
2729:Two verses in texts belonging to
2168:in Mumbai, Ganpatipule temple at
1697:Mythological anecdotes of Ganesha
1507:, to this shift in emphasis from
1419:(mouse) is derived from the root
1146:, depicting Ganesha with two arms
633:2.23.1 of the 2nd-millennium BCE
10163:
10146:
10129:
10112:
10084:
10072:
10060:
9675:
9085:
8681:
8068:
8056:
8044:
8032:
7990:
7978:
7966:
7926:
7914:
7843:
7804:
7780:
7768:
7756:
7744:
7708:
7696:
7677:
7658:
7639:
7626:
7594:
7569:
7525:
7506:
7494:
7482:
7463:
7450:
7415:
7406:
7399:occurs in 37 manuscripts", see:
7371:
7355:
7346:
7310:
7280:
7268:
7259:
7224:
7177:
7156:
7129:
7093:
7050:
7031:
7006:
6983:
6940:
6911:
6899:
6886:
6874:
6846:
6834:
6822:
6810:
6741:
6714:
6664:
6633:
6607:
6578:
6560:
6548:
6531:
6519:
6493:
6481:
6469:
6457:
6438:
6425:
6404:
6380:
6352:
6340:
6321:
6296:
6284:
6272:
6260:
6243:
6231:
6218:
6206:
6189:
6177:
6147:
6128:
6109:
6090:
6073:For associations with Śarda and
6067:
6040:
6021:
6002:
5945:
5914:
5902:
5890:
5877:
5833:
5816:
5807:
5791:
5762:
5723:
5663:
5638:
5626:
5598:
5582:
5570:
5462:. For equivalent Sanskrit names
5084:, p. 81. For a citation to
4228:, Yangon: Dunwoody Press, 1993,
3357:
3271:Buddhism and Ganapati (Tibetan:
3127:
3120:
3109:
3102:
3091:
3032:as one of the four Puranas (the
2997:The date of composition for the
2786:literature that is dated to the
2621:in the early pre-Christian era.
1897:dance with a prayer to Ganesha.
1451:
1151:
1135:
8515:, Delhi: D.K. Printworld Ltd.,
8288:, Delhi: Indological Book House
8174:Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God
8003:ศิลปวัฒนธรรม (Arts and Culture)
7934:Chanting the Names of Manjushri
7119:Edward Jewitt Robinson (1873).
6172:, p. 15–16, 230, 239, 242, 251.
6156:Cohen, Lawrence. "The Wives of
5735:sweetly pouring water from his
5546:
5534:
5515:
5503:
5477:
5447:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5382:
5345:
5333:
5306:
5293:
5272:
5231:
5219:
5207:
5195:
5183:
5156:
5107:
5074:
5032:
4997:
4942:
4920:
4908:
4880:
4867:
4854:
4828:
4811:
4792:
4775:
4756:
4744:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4606:
4583:
4553:
4540:
4508:
4483:
4470:
4458:
4445:
4433:
4421:
4387:
4375:
4348:
4280:
4260:Justin Thomas McDaniel (2013).
4253:
4216:
4204:
4185:
4173:
4071:
4044:
4016:
3985:, p. 8 for source text of
3974:
3947:
3900:
3866:
3839:
3807:
3780:
3750:
3714:
3695:
3670:
3655:
3372:
2796:(1.1.75–79) says that the sage
2782:Ganesha does not appear in the
2343:temples ... the figure of
1651:, Ganesha resides in the first
1642:
989:Ganesha is a popular figure in
870:signify "tooth or tusk", also "
8489:Ramachandra Rao, S.K. (1992),
8464:Oka, Krishnaji Govind (1913),
8368:Mythical Animals in Indian Art
8311:Krishan, Yuvraj (1981–1982), "
8237:Social History of Early Ceylon
8163:The Cultural Heritage of India
7576:
4864:, pp. 191–195 Appendix I.
3636:
3627:
3582:
3575:
3551:
3544:
3508:
3501:
3452:
3227:
2949:Second Millenium CE Scriptures
2925:. The 9th-century philosopher
2499:9th-century Ganesha Statue in
2234:Rockfort Ucchi Pillayar Temple
1174:, Ganesha wrapped the serpent
1142:6th-century Ganesha Statue in
1067:using clay to protect her and
969:
410:and is the Supreme God in the
13:
1:
8348:Gaṇeśa: Unravelling An Enigma
8053:, p. 151, 158, 162, 164, 253.
7603:, pp. 196–197. Addresses the
7265:Taittiriya Aranyaka, X, 1, 5.
6640:Bopearachchi, Osmund (1993).
6539:Elements of Hindu Iconography
6302:For the fourth waxing day in
5487:. 31 May 2016. Archived from
5404:by Michael Wilcockson, p. 117
5046:with three horizontal lines.
3012:R.C. Hazra suggests that the
2714:The Sangam period Tamil poet
1975:or Vināyaka chaturthī in the
1934:and small sweet balls called
1190:or the sectarian mark (IAST:
868:Dravidian family of languages
512:. The Hindu title of respect
8901:Ganesha at Wikimedia Commons
8569:Thapan, Anita Raina (1997).
8385:Martin-Dubost, Paul (1965),
8212:Courtright, Paul B. (1985),
8123:Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965).
7078:(Set). RV 10.112.9 (10092)
5163:Martin-Dubost, Paul (1997).
5057:in: Sharma (1993 edition of
3707:: The Idea and the Icon" in
3419:
3335:The canonical literature of
2868:("Creator of Obstacles") in
2697:, who is given the epithet '
2568:had yet to make his debut."
1322:four incarnations of Ganesha
1075:Ganesha's earliest name was
609:, is a compound composed of
348:Japanese Buddhist equivalent
7:
10221:Elephants in Indian culture
8630:
8596:Ganesh: Symbol and presence
8558:
8555:Śāstri, Hargovinda (1978),
8545:
8538:
8531:
8510:
8476:, Poona: Law Printing Press
8469:
8365:Murthy, K. Krishna (1985),
8313:
8215:
7685:
7666:
7647:
7611:
7605:
7559:
7545:
7538:
7514:
7471:
7439:
7429:
7423:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7363:
7333:
7324:
7318:
7301:
7213:
7207:
7201:
7199:10.1 and identification by
7194:
7186:
7170:
7164:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7101:
7080:
7066:
7059:
7039:
7024:
7014:
6976:
6970:
6956:
6949:
6596:
6586:
6568:"Ganesha Temples worldwide"
6446:
6413:
6310:
6308:being dedicated to Ganesa (
6304:
6158:
6136:
6117:
6098:
6079:
6056:
6049:
6029:
6010:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5965:
5959:
5934:
5897:Khokar & Saraswati 2005
5863:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 325–.
5824:
5782:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5669:For examples of both, see:
5523:
5456:
5434:
5373:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5326:2.134–136 are provided by:
5259:
5250:
5064:
5052:
5022:
5009:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4964:
4899:
4800:
4764:
4636:
4630:
4620:
4614:
4402:
4355:John Clifford Holt (1991).
4193:
4161:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4080:
4033:
4025:
4006:
3993:
3987:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3874:
3847:
3796:
3789:
3728:An Introduction to Hinduism
3703:
3644:
3535:
3529:
3517:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3408:Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple
3402:Nandrudayan Vinayaka Temple
3256:
3250:
3244:
2912:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2812:
2802:
2774:
2767:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2722:in marriage to the King of
2699:
2685:
2679:
2658:
2601:
2595:
2585:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2540:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2466:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2310:
2302:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2002:
1991:(August/September) and the
1979:
1958:
1952:
1941:
1923:
1915:
1905:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1799:
1788:
1661:
1588:
1518:
1510:
1503:
1442:
1422:
1414:
1404:
1396:
1385:(rat-banner) appear in the
1380:
1372:
1303:
1213:
1192:
1181:
1123:
1105:
1039:Thirty-two forms of Ganesha
924:
812:
804:
786:
769:
745:
734:
710:
676:
673:(one who has two mothers),
668:
656:
620:
612:
601:
585:
571:
561:
533:
377:
173:
164:
155:
140:
10:
10312:
8445:Nagar, Shanti Lal (1992).
8428:A Concise History of India
8395:: Franco-Indian Research,
8393:the University of Michigan
8297:, New Delhi: Rupa and Co,
8267:Ganapati: Song of the Self
8102:the University of Michigan
7231:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2001).
6418:(pavilions or tents) see:
5975:, p. 63. "... in the
5368:Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī
5299:See note on figure 43 in:
5136:Civarāman̲, Akilā (2014).
4225:Myanmar-English Dictionary
3330:
3231:
3154:Ganesha in world religions
3151:
3028:specifically mentions the
2952:
2906:, Ludo Rocher notes that:
2879:
2078:
2074:
1877:Ganesha worshipped in the
1694:
1241:
1036:
950:Buddhists, he is known as
893:means "a young elephant".
86:National Museum, New Delhi
29:
9912:
9867:
9840:
9817:
9795:
9774:
9747:
9740:
9684:
9673:
9469:
9407:
9318:
9236:
9094:
9083:
8953:
8878:
8832:
8796:
8743:
8690:
8679:
8638:
8005:(in Thai) (November 2011)
7693:, pp. 94–95, note 2.
7205:in his commentary on the
6974:| 2.23.1; "We invoke the
6600:: Myth and Reality", in:
6590:" was consecrated by the
4516:"Vinayaka in unique form"
4453:Los Angeles County Museum
4197:: The Idea and the Icon".
3275:) remains a deity in the
3082:Beyond India and Hinduism
2986:tradition founded in the
2625:Vedic and epic literature
954:, and revered along with
930:
906:
842:
833:
797:
779:
764:
727:
715:), having the face of an
595:
523:
492:Etymology and other names
367:
347:
342:
319:
308:
285:
280:
266:
258:
232:
220:
202:
182:
149:
133:
119:
92:
74:
58:
53:
36:Ganapati (disambiguation)
32:Vinayaka (disambiguation)
9391:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
8491:The Compendium on Gaṇeśa
8345:Krishan, Yuvraj (1999),
8264:Grimes, John A. (1995),
7961:Studies of an Asian God,
7651:", in: N.K. Wagle, ed.,
7543:and its connection with
6968:(Set). RV 2.23.1 (2222)
6541:, p. 47–48 as quoted in
6450:in a Regional Setting".
3470:) who had attacked him,
3215:20 thousand denomination
3053:tradition, the Sanskrit
2250:Karpaga Vinayagar Temple
2216:and Dhundiraj Temple in
2081:List of Ganapati temples
1669:means "original, main";
693:(one who has one tusk),
44:Ganesha (disambiguation)
10261:Names of God in Sikhism
10035:Shwe Kyunbin Maunghnama
9859:Shwesitthin Myinbyushin
8286:The Problem of Ganapati
7337:: Myth and reality" in
7171:tán no dántî pracodáyāt
7150:tán no dántî pracodáyāt
6658:10.3406/topoi.1993.1479
5606:Arthur Anthony McDonell
5527:: Myth and reality" in
5142:. Giri Trading Agency.
4958:, p. 202. For the
4077:For the history of the
4029:: Unravelling an Enigma
3959:2 February 2017 at the
3167:Maritime Southeast Asia
1781:(spiritual power), and
1013:in one upper arm and a
617:, meaning "group", and
143:Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ
10286:Mythological elephants
9631:Pareinma Shin Mingaung
9538:Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin
8814:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
8171:Brown, Robert (1991),
8097:Ganesh, the Benevolent
7211:, see: Rocher, Ludo, "
6921:, pp. 287–290 or
6748:Raman Sukumar (2003).
6738:, pp. 50–55, 120.
6646:Topoi. Orient-Occident
3944:, pp. 17–19, 201.
3600:, Tibet, Burma, Siam,
3317:Nakhon Pathom Province
3281:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3220:Before the arrival of
3143:) and coat of arms of
3055:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
2979:
2963:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
2919:
2891:
2663:) occurs twice in the
2652:
2546:
2511:
2476:
2403:
2094:
2030:
2025:Street festivities in
1885:
1764:
1721:
1676:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
1629:
1596:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
1575:
1515:(obstacle-creator) to
1367:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
1258:
1053:
986:
900:, Ganesha is known as
850:means a "child" while
485:Ganapati Atharvasirsha
424:to Jains and Buddhists
252:Ganapati Atharvashirsa
10281:Elephants in Buddhism
10276:Elephants in Hinduism
10271:Buddhism and Hinduism
9775:Ayeyarwady Delta nats
9463:Burmese folk religion
8745:Ashtavinayaka Temples
8562:with Hindi commentary
8314:The Origins of Gaṇeśa
8245:Getty, Alice (1936).
8142:Bailey, Greg (1995).
7932:Wayman, Alex (2006).
7403:, p. 31, note 4.
6347:Metcalf & Metcalf
4989:Sarpagraiveyakāṅgādaḥ
4382:Metcalf & Metcalf
3386:Koothanur, Tamil Nadu
3152:Further information:
2970:
2953:Further information:
2908:
2889:
2880:Further information:
2632:
2516:
2498:
2461:
2383:
2092:
2079:Further information:
2024:
2013:(January/February)."
1876:
1869:Worship and festivals
1846:(auspiciousness) and
1758:
1708:
1601:
1573:
1565:
1527:Buddhi (Intelligence)
1320:uses a mouse, in the
1249:
1232:Rina-Mochana-Ganapati
1047:
977:
916:[məhàpèiɰ̃né]
141:Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ
10040:Pyelepyin Maunghnama
9855:Shwepyay Myinbyushin
9827:Pale Yin (Amay Pale)
8668:Uchchhishta Ganapati
8447:The Cult of Vinayaka
8235:Ellawala, H (1969),
8192:Chinmayananda, Swami
7421:Winternitz, Moriz. "
7319:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā
7302:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā
7233:"Sugarcane Gaṇapati"
7187:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā
7144:hastimukhāya dhîmahi
7138:tát karāţāya vidmahe
6683:Kumar, Ajit (2007).
6574:on 17 December 2007.
6199:, p. 1 as quoted in
5741:on the head of baby
5592:, Bailey translates
5216:, pp. 47–48, 78
5069:(having three eyes).
4980:around the neck and
4011:versified as 1.1.38.
3633:Martin-Dubost, p. 2.
3556:Ramachandra Rao 1992
3496:Ramachandra Rao 1992
3325:Silpakorn University
3321:Fine Arts Department
3313:Sanam Chandra Palace
2816:'s dictation of the
2737:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā
2637:I manuscript of the
2427:along with those of
2359:(including the four
2327:(Vishnu) as well as
2166:Siddhivinayak temple
1474:Removal of obstacles
1265:(mount/vehicle). Of
1144:Badami caves temples
386:, and also known as
84:miniature, c. 1730.
10000:Four Heavenly Kings
9606:Shwe Hpyin Naungdaw
8845:Consorts of Ganesha
8819:Ganesha Sahasranama
8713:Sankashti Chaturthi
8409:Mate, M.S. (1962),
7741:, pp. 258–269.
7325:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka
7237:East and West, Rome
7195:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka
6125:, pp. 124–125.
6106:, pp. 132–135.
6087:, pp. 131–132.
6018:, pp. 126–129.
5614:Motilal Banarsidass
5612:); Published 2004;
5288:, pp. 231–244.
5267:, pp. 101–102.
4817:For translation of
4798:Granoff, Phyllis. "
4762:Granoff, Phyllis. "
4550:, pp. 146, 150
4110:, pp. 156, 213
3804:, pp. 176–213.
3238:Ganesha appears in
3234:Ganesha in Buddhism
3165:Hindus migrated to
3072:Ganesha Sahasranama
3063:Ganesha Sahasranama
2904:Sanskrit literature
2832:manuscripts of the
2745:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka
2491:Possible influences
1701:Consorts of Ganesha
1691:Family and consorts
1556:Ganesha Sahasranama
1547:Ganesha Sahasranama
1388:Ganesha Sahasranama
1160:Vijayanagara Empire
1052:school (circa 1810)
966:and other deities.
426:and beyond India.
420:Hindu denominations
215:Sankashti Chaturthi
10236:Jain minor deities
9805:(Nankaraing Medaw)
9766:Taungdaw Thakhinma
9626:Htibyuhsaung Medaw
8833:Associated deities
8549:: Prācya Prakāśana
8470:Amarakoshodghāṭana
8295:Ganesha-Karttikeya
8284:Heras, H. (1972),
8084:General references
7985:Martin-Dubost 1997
7973:Martin-Dubost 1997
7859:Martin-Dubost 1965
7683:Phyllis Granoff, "
7554:Bhattacharyya 1956
7331:Dhavalikar, M.K. "
7135:The verse : "
6604:, pp. 50, 63.
6373:Indian nationalism
6316:Bhattacharyya 1956
6279:Martin-Dubost 1965
6267:Martin-Dubost 1965
6255:Martin-Dubost 1965
6197:Concept of Ganesha
5942:, pp. 115–140
5778:Martin-Dubost 1965
5714:Chinmayananda 1987
5654:Chinmayananda 1987
5491:on 31 October 2019
5427:Martin-Dubost 1965
5340:Martin-Dubost 1997
5328:Martin-Dubost 1997
5301:Martin-Dubost 1997
5286:Martin-Dubost 1965
5202:Martin-Dubost 1997
5192:, pp. 224–228
5190:Martin-Dubost 1997
5139:Sri Ganesha Purana
5005:Martin-Dubost 1965
4956:Martin-Dubost 1965
4929:Martin-Dubost 1965
4915:Martin-Dubost 1965
4725:23.17 as cited in
4565:, pp. 197–198
4563:Martin-Dubost 1965
4440:Martin-Dubost 1997
4395:Martin-Dubost 1965
4180:Martin-Dubost 1965
3930:Śāstri Khiste 1991
3880:Martin-Dubost 1965
3855:, pp. 21–22.
3820:The Times of India
3610:, pp. 311–320
3608:Martin-Dubost 1997
3562:Martin-Dubost 1997
3484:Martin-Dubost 1997
3016:is older than the
2980:
2892:
2775:Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā
2726:(pp. 57–59).
2693:.112.9) refers to
2653:
2512:
2404:
2371:Rise to prominence
2095:
2038:, when the idols (
2036:Ananta Chaturdashi
2031:
1956:) or red flowers.
1886:
1765:
1722:
1576:
1377:(mouse-mount) and
1359:Brahmananda Purana
1259:
1054:
987:
338:in some traditions
63:The Supreme Being
10296:Children of Shiva
10266:Hindu given names
10048:
10047:
9985:Pakhan U Min Gyaw
9950:U Din Kyaw Khaung
9908:
9907:
9852:Kanni Myinbyushin
9849:Yamma Myinbyushin
9611:Shwe Hpyin Nyidaw
9470:Official pantheon
9425:
9424:
8909:
8908:
8797:Legends and Texts
8511:Gaṇapati Upaniṣad
8473:) of Kshīrasvāmin
8456:978-81-7076-044-3
8106:Marg Publications
8092:Pal, Pratapaditya
7875:, pp. 37–45.
7729:, pp. 21–22.
7689:as Metaphor", in
7664:R.C. Hazra, "The
7636:, pp. 30–33.
7469:For reference to
7290:Krishan 1981–1982
6919:Krishan 1981–1982
6881:Aitareya Brāhmana
6226:Krishan 1981–1982
6184:Krishan 1981–1982
5989:is a bachelor or
5847:, pp. 11–13.
5594:Granter-of-lakhs.
5263:In Jainism", in:
5226:Krishan 1981–1982
5176:978-81-900184-3-2
5149:978-81-7950-629-5
3954:Rigveda Mandala 2
3913:gaṇeśasahasranāma
3845:* Narain, A. K. "
3645:Gaṇapati Upaniṣad
3598:Chinese Turkestan
3473:Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja
3351:Explanatory notes
3074:are found in the
2931:Panchayatana puja
2565:Gaṇapati-Vināyaka
2559:Gaṇapati-Vināyaka
2017:Ganesha Chaturthi
1973:Ganesha Chaturthi
1803:(particularly in
1357:and later in the
1272:, Ganesha uses a
1236:Ekadanta-Ganapati
1224:Hindu iconography
1033:Common attributes
605:), a synonym for
357:
356:
113:Panchayatana puja
16:(Redirected from
10303:
10176:
10168:
10167:
10166:
10159:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10142:
10134:
10133:
10132:
10125:
10117:
10116:
10115:
10105:
10089:
10088:
10077:
10076:
10075:
10065:
10064:
10063:
10056:
10030:Kayin Maunghnama
9868:Five Mother nats
9843:White Horse nats
9745:
9744:
9679:
9646:Myaukhpet Shinma
9616:Mintha Maungshin
9508:Taungoo Mingaung
9452:
9445:
9438:
9429:
9428:
9089:
8936:
8929:
8922:
8913:
8912:
8703:Ganesh Chaturthi
8685:
8658:Haridra Ganapati
8625:
8618:
8611:
8602:
8601:
8584:
8565:
8561:
8550:
8548:
8541:
8534:
8525:
8513:
8503:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8472:
8460:
8441:
8421:
8405:
8381:
8361:
8341:
8316:
8307:
8289:
8280:
8260:
8240:
8231:
8218:
8208:
8196:Glory of Ganesha
8187:
8166:
8157:
8146:. Harrassowitz.
8138:
8119:
8078:
8072:
8066:
8060:
8054:
8048:
8042:
8036:
8030:
8024:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7976:
7970:
7964:
7957:
7944:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7864:
7847:
7841:
7835:
7826:
7820:
7814:
7808:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7778:
7772:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7724:
7718:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7681:
7675:
7669:
7662:
7656:
7650:
7643:
7637:
7630:
7624:
7614:
7608:
7598:
7592:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7562:
7548:
7541:
7539:pañcāyatana pūjā
7529:
7523:
7517:
7510:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7486:
7480:
7474:
7467:
7461:
7454:
7448:
7442:
7432:
7426:
7419:
7413:
7410:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7383:
7375:
7369:
7366:
7359:
7353:
7350:
7344:
7336:
7327:
7321:
7314:
7308:
7304:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7197:
7189:
7181:
7175:
7173:
7167:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7146:
7140:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7116:
7110:
7104:
7097:
7091:
7083:
7069:
7062:
7054:
7048:
7042:
7035:
7029:
7027:
7017:
7010:
7004:
6987:
6981:
6979:
6973:
6959:
6952:
6944:
6938:
6932:
6926:
6925:, pp. 31–32
6915:
6909:
6903:
6897:
6890:
6884:
6878:
6872:
6850:
6844:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6755:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6724:
6718:
6712:
6706:
6693:
6692:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6661:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6622:(3/4): 331–336,
6611:
6605:
6599:
6589:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6570:. Archived from
6564:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6537:T.A. Gopinatha;
6535:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6507:. 31 August 2022
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6473:
6467:
6461:
6455:
6449:
6442:
6436:
6429:
6423:
6416:
6408:
6402:
6384:
6378:
6356:
6350:
6344:
6338:
6325:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6281:, pp. 95–99
6276:
6270:
6264:
6258:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6229:
6222:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6193:
6187:
6181:
6175:
6161:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6094:
6088:
6082:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6052:
6044:
6038:
6032:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6006:
6000:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5968:
5962:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5854:
5848:
5843:, 10.8–37, see:
5837:
5831:
5827:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5805:
5795:
5789:
5785:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5727:
5721:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5683:
5674:
5673:, pp. 79–80
5667:
5661:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5602:
5596:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5481:
5475:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5437:
5423:
5417:
5416:, pp. 49–50
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5310:
5304:
5297:
5291:
5276:
5270:
5262:
5253:
5242:, pp. 48–49
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5133:
5124:
5111:
5105:
5078:
5072:
5067:
5055:
5036:
5030:
5025:
5012:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4967:
4946:
4940:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4902:
4884:
4878:
4871:
4865:
4858:
4852:
4832:
4826:
4821:as "belly" see:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4790:
4779:
4773:
4772:, pp. 92–94
4767:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4719:
4713:
4712:, pp. 77–78
4707:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4623:
4617:
4610:
4604:
4587:
4581:
4557:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4405:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4312:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4164:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4111:
4102:. For the name
4096:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4014:
4009:
3996:
3990:
3978:
3972:
3971:, pp. 17–19
3951:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3883:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3850:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3823:. 4 April 2019.
3811:
3805:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3758:Vasudha, Narayan
3754:
3748:
3747:
3731:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3699:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3625:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3520:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3413:
3376:
3364:
3361:
3277:Tibetan Buddhist
3259:
3253:
3247:
3131:
3124:
3113:
3106:
3095:
2915:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2822:Moriz Winternitz
2815:
2805:
2777:
2770:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2661:
2607:Mānavagŗhyasūtra
2604:
2598:
2588:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2469:
2376:First appearance
2365:Kathmandu Valley
2349:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2313:
2305:
2200:; Baidyanath in
2176:in Maharashtra;
2124:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2027:Hyderabad, India
2005:
1982:
1965:Cynodon dactylon
1961:
1955:
1944:
1926:
1919:Ganapataye Namah
1918:
1908:
1881:celebrations in
1858:Jai Santoshi Maa
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1802:
1791:
1718:Allahabad Museum
1664:
1591:
1521:
1513:
1506:
1455:
1425:
1417:
1407:
1399:
1383:
1375:
1308:uses a peacock,
1306:
1257:the rat, c. 1820
1228:Heramba-Ganapati
1216:
1197:
1184:
1155:
1139:
1126:
1113:Brahmanda Purana
1108:
1060:Heramba-Ganapati
933:
932:
927:
919:), derived from
918:
913:
909:
908:
898:Burmese language
845:
844:
835:
815:
807:
800:
799:
789:
782:
781:
772:
766:
748:
737:
730:
729:
713:
679:
671:
659:
623:
615:
604:
598:
597:
588:
574:
564:
536:
525:
382:), also spelled
380:
369:
271:Ganesh Chaturthi
176:
167:
158:
145:
79:
51:
50:
40:Lambodara (film)
21:
10311:
10310:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10302:
10301:
10300:
10181:
10180:
10179:
10169:
10164:
10162:
10152:
10147:
10145:
10135:
10130:
10128:
10124:from Wiktionary
10118:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10104:sister projects
10101:at Knowledge's
10095:
10083:
10073:
10071:
10061:
10059:
10051:
10049:
10044:
9990:Shinma Aungphyu
9975:Mogaung Kyawzwa
9904:
9863:
9842:
9836:
9818:Nine Towns nats
9813:
9791:
9787:Kwin Paing Ahpo
9770:
9736:
9680:
9671:
9465:
9461:and spirits of
9456:
9426:
9421:
9417:Hindu mythology
9403:
9314:
9232:
9090:
9081:
8949:
8940:
8910:
8905:
8891:Hindu mythology
8874:
8828:
8824:Ganesha stories
8792:
8739:
8723:Beyond Hinduism
8718:Ganesha Temples
8686:
8677:
8634:
8629:
8592:
8587:
8581:
8529:Śāstri Khiste,
8523:
8501:
8479:
8477:
8457:
8439:
8403:
8379:
8359:
8331:10.2307/3249845
8305:
8278:
8257:
8229:
8206:
8185:
8154:
8135:
8116:
8086:
8081:
8073:
8069:
8061:
8057:
8049:
8045:
8037:
8033:
8025:
8018:
8008:
8006:
7995:
7991:
7983:
7979:
7971:
7967:
7958:
7947:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7915:
7907:
7903:
7895:
7891:
7883:
7879:
7871:
7867:
7848:
7844:
7836:
7829:
7821:
7817:
7809:
7805:
7797:
7793:
7785:
7781:
7773:
7769:
7761:
7757:
7749:
7745:
7737:
7733:
7725:
7721:
7715:Courtright 1985
7713:
7709:
7701:
7697:
7682:
7678:
7663:
7659:
7644:
7640:
7631:
7627:
7599:
7595:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7533:Courtright 1985
7530:
7526:
7512:Rocher, Ludo. "
7511:
7507:
7499:
7495:
7487:
7483:
7472:Vighnakartṛīṇām
7468:
7464:
7455:
7451:
7420:
7416:
7411:
7407:
7376:
7372:
7360:
7356:
7351:
7347:
7315:
7311:
7285:
7281:
7273:
7269:
7264:
7260:
7243:(3/4): 379–84.
7229:
7225:
7182:
7178:
7161:
7157:
7134:
7130:
7117:
7113:
7098:
7094:
7055:
7051:
7037:Rocher, Ludo. "
7036:
7032:
7012:Rocher, Ludo. "
7011:
7007:
6988:
6984:
6945:
6941:
6933:
6929:
6916:
6912:
6904:
6900:
6891:
6887:
6879:
6875:
6851:
6847:
6839:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6817:Courtright 1985
6815:
6811:
6803:
6799:
6791:
6787:
6779:
6775:
6768:
6746:
6742:
6734:
6727:
6719:
6715:
6707:
6696:
6681:
6677:
6669:
6665:
6638:
6634:
6612:
6608:
6583:
6579:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6553:
6549:
6536:
6532:
6524:
6520:
6510:
6508:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6486:
6482:
6474:
6470:
6462:
6458:
6452:Courtright 1985
6443:
6439:
6430:
6426:
6409:
6405:
6385:
6381:
6357:
6353:
6345:
6341:
6326:
6322:
6311:Gaṇeśa-caturthī
6301:
6297:
6289:
6285:
6277:
6273:
6265:
6261:
6248:
6244:
6236:
6232:
6223:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6195:K.N. Somayaji,
6194:
6190:
6182:
6178:
6152:
6148:
6133:
6129:
6114:
6110:
6095:
6091:
6072:
6068:
6045:
6041:
6026:
6022:
6007:
6003:
5950:
5946:
5931:
5927:
5919:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5895:
5891:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5855:
5851:
5839:For summary of
5838:
5834:
5821:
5817:
5812:
5808:
5796:
5792:
5767:
5763:
5728:
5724:
5712:
5708:
5702:Courtright 1985
5700:
5696:
5684:
5677:
5668:
5664:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5603:
5599:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5520:
5516:
5510:Courtright 1985
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5452:
5448:
5432:Rocher, Ludo. "
5424:
5420:
5412:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5387:
5383:
5350:
5346:
5338:
5334:
5311:
5307:
5298:
5294:
5277:
5273:
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5177:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5134:
5127:
5112:
5108:
5079:
5075:
5037:
5033:
5002:
4998:
4962:references for
4947:
4943:
4925:
4921:
4913:
4909:
4885:
4881:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4855:
4833:
4829:
4816:
4812:
4797:
4793:
4780:
4776:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4696:
4692:
4684:
4680:
4672:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4611:
4607:
4588:
4584:
4558:
4554:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4301:10.2307/3351212
4285:
4281:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4236:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4191:Narain, A. K. "
4190:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:, p. viii)
4162:paurāṇic devatā
4121:
4114:
4108:Courtright 1985
4097:
4093:
4089:, pp. 1–25
4076:
4072:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4045:
4021:
4017:
3979:
3975:
3961:Wayback Machine
3952:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3932:, pp. 7–8.
3905:
3901:
3893:
3886:
3871:
3867:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3722:Gavin D., Flood
3719:
3715:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3660:
3656:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3333:
3236:
3230:
3189:, Hinduism and
3156:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3084:
2992:Mudgala Purana,
2977:Central Vietnam
2965:
2951:
2884:
2878:
2864:Vighnakartṛīṇām
2731:Black Yajurveda
2627:
2591:Hindu mythology
2493:
2445:Udayagiri Caves
2417:Chandraketugarh
2378:
2373:
2363:shrines in the
2208:, Dholaka, and
2109:parivāra-devatã
2087:
2077:
2019:
1871:
1761:Raja Ravi Varma
1703:
1693:
1645:
1568:
1529:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1250:Ganesha on his
1244:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1042:
1035:
972:
940:Phra Phi Khanet
911:
681:(equivalent to
661:(equivalent to
538:; also spelled
494:
304:
177:(elephant goad)
142:
128:
127:(with parents)
88:
70:
61:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10309:
10299:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10246:Knowledge gods
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10226:Abundance gods
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10178:
10177:
10160:
10158:from Wikiquote
10143:
10126:
10097:
10094:
10093:
10081:
10069:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9960:Lay Kyun Maung
9957:
9952:
9947:
9945:Koe Thein Shin
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9916:
9914:
9910:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9877:
9871:
9869:
9865:
9864:
9862:
9861:
9856:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9844:
9838:
9837:
9835:
9834:
9831:
9828:
9825:
9821:
9819:
9815:
9814:
9812:
9811:
9806:
9799:
9797:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9789:
9784:
9778:
9776:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9751:
9749:
9742:
9738:
9737:
9735:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9693:
9691:
9682:
9681:
9674:
9672:
9670:
9669:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9601:Mandalay Bodaw
9598:
9593:
9587:
9582:
9580:Medaw Shwezaga
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9546:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9473:
9471:
9467:
9466:
9455:
9454:
9447:
9440:
9432:
9423:
9422:
9420:
9419:
9414:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9386:
9385:
9371:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9326:
9324:
9316:
9315:
9313:
9312:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9246:
9240:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9122:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9100:
9098:
9092:
9091:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9079:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8959:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8939:
8938:
8931:
8924:
8916:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8882:
8880:
8876:
8875:
8873:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8836:
8834:
8830:
8829:
8827:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8809:Mudgala Purana
8806:
8804:Ganesha Purana
8800:
8798:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8749:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8730:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8708:Ganesh Jayanti
8705:
8700:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8687:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8644:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8628:
8627:
8620:
8613:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8591:
8590:External links
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:978-8173041952
8579:
8566:
8552:
8526:
8522:978-8124602652
8521:
8504:
8500:978-8170308287
8499:
8486:
8461:
8455:
8442:
8438:978-0521630276
8437:
8422:
8406:
8401:
8382:
8378:978-0391032873
8377:
8362:
8358:978-8120814134
8357:
8342:
8308:
8304:978-8129107763
8303:
8290:
8281:
8277:978-0791424407
8276:
8261:
8256:978-8121503778
8255:
8242:
8232:
8228:978-0195057423
8227:
8209:
8205:978-8175973589
8204:
8188:
8184:978-0791406571
8183:
8168:
8158:
8153:978-3447036474
8152:
8139:
8134:978-8120805675
8133:
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8080:
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7901:
7889:
7877:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7856:
7842:
7840:, p. 182.
7827:
7815:
7803:
7791:
7779:
7767:
7765:, p. 174.
7755:
7743:
7731:
7719:
7717:, p. 252.
7707:
7695:
7676:
7674:(1951); 79–99.
7657:
7638:
7625:
7621:Mudgala Purana
7617:Ganesha Purana
7593:
7591:
7590:
7584:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7524:
7505:
7493:
7481:
7462:
7449:
7433:". Journal of
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7306:
7293:
7279:
7267:
7258:
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7176:
7155:
7128:
7111:
7092:
7060:Ṛgveda Saṃhitā
7049:
7030:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6996:
6982:
6950:Ṛgveda Saṃhitā
6946:Wilson, H. H.
6939:
6937:, p. 159.
6927:
6910:
6898:
6885:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6863:
6845:
6833:
6821:
6809:
6797:
6785:
6773:
6767:978-0198026730
6766:
6740:
6725:
6713:
6694:
6675:
6673:, pp. 6–7
6663:
6652:(2): 425–453.
6632:
6606:
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6437:
6424:
6403:
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6400:
6394:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6366:
6351:
6339:
6320:
6295:
6283:
6271:
6269:, p. 369.
6259:
6257:, p. 204.
6242:
6230:
6217:
6205:
6203:, pp. 2–3
6188:
6186:, pp. 1–3
6176:
6174:
6173:
6167:
6166:, p. 130.
6146:
6144:, p. 130.
6127:
6108:
6089:
6066:
6064:, p. 115.
6039:
6020:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5970:
5944:
5925:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5887:, p. 300.
5876:
5870:978-1598842050
5869:
5849:
5832:
5815:
5806:
5800:IV. 17.47–57.
5790:
5788:
5787:
5775:
5761:
5722:
5706:
5704:, p. 253.
5694:
5675:
5662:
5646:
5644:Grimes, p. 77.
5637:
5625:
5597:
5581:
5577:Ganesha Purana
5569:
5567:, p. 703.
5557:
5545:
5533:
5514:
5502:
5476:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5429:, p. 231
5418:
5406:
5394:
5381:
5344:
5342:, p. 232.
5332:
5330:, p. 231.
5323:Ganesha Purana
5305:
5303:, p. 144.
5292:
5290:
5289:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5255:
5243:
5230:
5218:
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5194:
5182:
5175:
5155:
5148:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5100:Ganesha Purana
5086:Ganesha Purana
5073:
5071:
5070:
5059:Ganesha Purana
5042:, p. 81.
5031:
5029:
5028:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4969:
4960:Ganesha Purana
4950:Ganesha Purana
4941:
4939:
4938:
4932:
4919:
4917:, p. 120.
4907:
4905:
4904:
4892:
4879:
4866:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4847:Mudgala Purana
4840:
4827:
4810:
4804:as Metaphor".
4791:
4774:
4768:as Metaphor".
4755:
4743:
4731:
4714:
4702:
4690:
4678:
4666:
4654:
4642:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4573:
4566:
4552:
4539:
4507:
4482:
4469:
4457:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4411:
4386:
4374:
4368:978-0195362466
4367:
4347:
4345:, p. 190.
4335:
4323:
4295:(43): 95–100,
4279:
4273:978-0231153775
4272:
4252:
4235:978-1881265474
4234:
4215:
4203:
4184:
4182:, p. 367.
4172:
4112:
4091:
4070:
4055:
4043:
4015:
4013:
4012:
3998:
3973:
3946:
3934:
3899:
3897:, p. 395.
3884:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3861:, p. 395.
3838:
3806:
3779:
3773:978-1435856202
3772:
3749:
3743:978-0521438780
3742:
3736:–18, 110–113.
3713:
3701:Narain, A.K. "
3694:
3681:
3669:
3654:
3650:Saraswati 2004
3648:, verse 12 in
3635:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:, pp. 2–3
3617:
3611:
3605:
3591:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3533:, Lord of the
3522:
3500:
3488:
3451:
3436:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3389:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:Bombay edition
3355:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3332:
3329:
3309:Chakri dynasty
3293:northern China
3286:Avalokitesvara
3232:Main article:
3229:
3226:
3211:Kediri Regency
3138:
3137:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:Ganesha Purana
3030:Ganesha Purana
3026:Mudgala Purana
3022:Mudgala Purana
3018:Ganesha Purana
3014:Mudgala Purana
3007:Ganesha Purana
3003:Mudgala Purana
2999:Ganesha Purana
2988:Ganesha Purana
2959:Mudgala Purana
2955:Ganesha Purana
2950:
2947:
2877:
2876:Puranic period
2874:
2856:Anuśāsanaparva
2647:narrating the
2626:
2623:
2573:Pashupati seal
2492:
2489:
2453:Bhumara Temple
2449:Madhya Pradesh
2441:Gardez Ganesha
2387:Gardez Ganesha
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2353:Southeast Asia
2254:Pillaiyarpatti
2238:Tiruchirapalli
2230:Andhra Pradesh
2182:Madhya Pradesh
2076:
2073:
2046:Lokmanya Tilak
2018:
2015:
1993:Ganesh Jayanti
1948:red sandalwood
1870:
1867:
1750:northern India
1692:
1689:
1649:Kundalini yoga
1644:
1641:
1567:
1564:
1541:Ganesha Purana
1528:
1525:
1475:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1363:Ganesha Purana
1326:Ganesha Purana
1324:listed in the
1269:Mudgala Purana
1243:
1240:
1200:Ganesha Purana
1172:Ganesha Purana
1157:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1092:Mudgala Purana
1082:Mudgala Purana
1034:
1031:
971:
968:
822:Tamil language
493:
490:
479:Mudgala Purana
473:Ganesha Purana
408:Hindu pantheon
355:
354:
349:
345:
344:
340:
339:
321:
317:
316:
310:
306:
305:
303:
302:
296:
289:
287:
283:
282:
278:
277:
275:Ganesh Jayanti
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
246:Mudgala Purana
240:Ganesha Purana
236:
230:
229:
224:
218:
217:
204:
200:
199:
186:
180:
179:
151:
147:
146:
137:
131:
130:
129:• Svānandaloka
121:
117:
116:
109:Saguna Brahman
94:
90:
89:
80:
72:
71:
59:
56:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10308:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10216:Commerce gods
10214:
10212:
10211:Buddhist gods
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10175:from Wikidata
10174:
10173:
10161:
10157:
10156:
10144:
10140:
10139:
10127:
10123:
10122:
10110:
10109:
10106:
10100:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10080:
10070:
10068:
10058:
10057:
10054:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10025:Mani Maykhala
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9965:Ma Ngwe Taung
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9930:Beikthano Nat
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9920:Shin Upagutta
9918:
9917:
9915:
9913:Miscellaneous
9911:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9885:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9866:
9860:
9857:
9854:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9839:
9832:
9829:
9826:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9816:
9810:
9809:Ko Aung Naing
9807:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9794:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9773:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9756:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9746:
9743:
9739:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9722:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9694:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9678:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9570:Minye Aungdin
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9550:
9547:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9523:Shwe Nawrahta
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9460:
9453:
9448:
9446:
9441:
9439:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9406:
9400:
9399:
9395:
9393:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9383:
9382:Bhagavad Gita
9379:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9332:
9331:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9317:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9237:Other deities
9235:
9229:
9228:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9088:
9078:
9077:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8943:Hindu deities
8937:
8932:
8930:
8925:
8923:
8918:
8917:
8914:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8877:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8795:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8746:
8742:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8684:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8653:Bala Ganapati
8651:
8649:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8626:
8621:
8619:
8614:
8612:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8582:
8576:
8572:
8567:
8563:
8560:
8553:
8547:
8542:
8540:
8533:
8527:
8524:
8518:
8514:
8512:
8505:
8502:
8496:
8492:
8487:
8475:
8474:
8471:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8448:
8443:
8440:
8434:
8430:
8429:
8423:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8407:
8404:
8402:9788190018432
8398:
8394:
8390:
8389:
8383:
8380:
8374:
8370:
8369:
8363:
8360:
8354:
8350:
8349:
8343:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8320:
8319:Artibus Asiae
8315:
8309:
8306:
8300:
8296:
8291:
8287:
8282:
8279:
8273:
8269:
8268:
8262:
8258:
8252:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8230:
8224:
8220:
8217:
8210:
8207:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8180:
8176:
8175:
8169:
8167:Four volumes.
8164:
8159:
8155:
8149:
8145:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8126:
8121:
8117:
8115:9788185026312
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8089:
8088:
8076:
8071:
8064:
8059:
8052:
8047:
8040:
8035:
8028:
8023:
8021:
8004:
8000:
7993:
7986:
7981:
7974:
7969:
7962:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7929:
7922:
7917:
7911:, p. 40.
7910:
7905:
7899:, p. 38.
7898:
7893:
7887:, p. 37.
7886:
7881:
7874:
7869:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7834:
7832:
7825:, p. 52.
7824:
7819:
7812:
7807:
7801:, p. 55.
7800:
7795:
7788:
7783:
7776:
7771:
7764:
7759:
7752:
7747:
7740:
7735:
7728:
7723:
7716:
7711:
7704:
7699:
7692:
7687:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7667:Gaṇeśa Purāṇa
7661:
7654:
7649:
7642:
7635:
7629:
7622:
7618:
7613:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7572:
7563:
7561:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7542:
7540:
7534:
7528:
7521:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7497:
7490:
7485:
7479:, p. 29.
7478:
7473:
7466:
7460:, p. 29.
7459:
7453:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7425:
7418:
7409:
7402:
7398:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7382:
7374:
7367:
7365:
7358:
7349:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7320:
7313:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7294:
7292:, p. 290
7291:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7276:
7271:
7262:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7227:
7221:, p. 70.
7220:
7215:
7209:
7203:
7198:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7166:
7162:The verse: "
7159:
7151:
7145:
7139:
7132:
7124:
7123:
7115:
7108:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7088:
7082:
7077:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7056:Wilson, H.H.
7053:
7046:
7041:
7034:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7009:
7000:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6978:
6977:Brahmaṇaspati
6972:
6967:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:
6943:
6936:
6935:Ellawala 1969
6931:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6907:
6902:
6895:
6889:
6882:
6877:
6868:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6825:
6818:
6813:
6807:, p. ix.
6806:
6801:
6794:
6789:
6782:
6777:
6769:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6753:
6744:
6737:
6732:
6730:
6722:
6717:
6710:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6690:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6667:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6616:East and West
6610:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6581:
6573:
6569:
6563:
6556:
6551:
6544:
6540:
6534:
6527:
6522:
6506:
6505:Tamil Minutes
6502:
6496:
6489:
6484:
6477:
6472:
6465:
6460:
6454:, p. 202–247.
6453:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6428:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6389:Momin, A.R.,
6388:
6387:
6383:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6365:, p. 9).
6364:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6324:
6317:
6312:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6287:
6280:
6275:
6268:
6263:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6239:
6234:
6228:, p. 285
6227:
6221:
6214:
6209:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6185:
6180:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6070:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:
6043:
6037:, p. 62.
6036:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6012:
6005:
5996:
5994:
5987:
5982:
5980:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5923:, p. 38.
5922:
5917:
5911:, p. 79.
5910:
5905:
5898:
5893:
5886:
5880:
5872:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5853:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5829:
5826:
5819:
5810:
5803:
5802:Matsya Purana
5799:
5794:
5784:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5672:
5666:
5659:
5655:
5650:
5641:
5634:
5629:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5578:
5573:
5566:
5561:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5518:
5512:, p. 136
5511:
5506:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5474:, p. 136
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5450:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5403:
5398:
5392:, p. 86.
5391:
5385:
5377:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5336:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5314:Matsya Purana
5312:Citations to
5309:
5302:
5296:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5227:
5222:
5215:
5210:
5204:, p. 228
5203:
5198:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5132:
5130:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5068:
5066:
5060:
5056:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4945:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4916:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4877:, p. 89.
4876:
4870:
4863:
4857:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4825:, p. 268
4824:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4729:, p. 77.
4728:
4724:
4723:Varaha Purana
4718:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4687:
4682:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4609:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4543:
4528:on 1 May 2015
4527:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4496:
4495:agasthiar.org
4492:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4467:, p. 176
4466:
4461:
4454:
4448:
4441:
4436:
4430:, p. 175
4429:
4424:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4384:, p. vii
4383:
4378:
4370:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4039:sacred waters
4035:
4030:
4027:
4019:
4010:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3889:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3685:
3678:
3673:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3646:
3639:
3630:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3537:
3531:
3527:, p. 1 "
3526:
3523:
3519:
3515:, p. 1 "
3514:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3486:, p. 73.
3485:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3461:Mudgalapurāṇa
3455:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3434:, p. 58.
3433:
3428:
3424:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3382:Adhi Vinayaka
3380:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3130:
3123:
3112:
3105:
3094:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2671:Brahmanaspati
2668:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2633:17th-century
2631:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Uttar Pradesh
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2101:pãrśva-devatã
2091:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2028:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:raktachandana
1949:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1895:Bharatanatyam
1890:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1834:(safety) and
1832:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1777:(intellect),
1776:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1685:wheel of life
1682:
1681:sacral plexus
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:According to
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1589:oṃkārasvarūpa
1584:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:Matsya Purana
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1202:prescribes a
1201:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
992:
985:
981:
976:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
926:
925:Mahā Wināyaka
922:
917:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
839:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
814:
808:
806:
794:
790:
788:
776:
773:). The names
771:
762:
758:
757:
753:known as the
752:
747:
742:
738:
736:
724:
720:
718:
714:
712:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
678:
672:
670:
664:
660:
658:
652:
648:
644:
643:
638:
637:
632:
628:
624:
622:
616:
614:
608:
603:
592:
587:
582:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
557:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
535:
529:
521:
517:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
489:
487:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
379:
373:
365:
361:
353:
350:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
300:
297:
294:
291:
290:
288:
284:
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
253:
248:
247:
242:
241:
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
187:
185:
181:
178:
175:
169:
166:
160:
157:
152:
148:
144:
138:
136:
132:
126:
125:Mount Kailash
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
73:
68:
64:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10291:Liminal gods
10231:Fortune gods
10206:Creator gods
10170:
10153:
10141:from Commons
10136:
10119:
10098:
9970:Medaw Lay Ba
9925:Shin Thiwali
9884:Amay Yay Yin
9706:
9651:Anauk Mibaya
9621:Htibyuhsaung
9596:Maung Minbyu
9575:Shwe Sitthin
9565:Tabinshwehti
9549:Maungminshin
9528:Aungzwamagyi
9499:(Naga Medaw)
9396:
9389:
9380:
9373:
9366:
9291:Gramadevatas
9225:
9074:
9004:
8673:Adi Vinayaka
8648:Mahaganapati
8631:
8570:
8556:
8536:
8508:
8490:
8480:14 September
8478:, retrieved
8466:
8446:
8427:
8410:
8387:
8367:
8347:
8322:
8318:
8294:
8285:
8266:
8246:
8236:
8213:
8195:
8173:
8162:
8143:
8124:
8096:
8070:
8058:
8046:
8034:
8027:Krishan 1999
8007:. Retrieved
8002:
7992:
7980:
7968:
7960:
7933:
7928:
7916:
7904:
7892:
7880:
7868:
7845:
7818:
7806:
7794:
7782:
7770:
7758:
7746:
7734:
7722:
7710:
7705:, pp. 30–33.
7698:
7679:
7671:
7660:
7652:
7641:
7628:
7620:
7616:
7596:
7571:
7557:
7536:
7527:
7508:
7501:Krishan 1999
7496:
7484:
7477:Krishan 1999
7465:
7458:Krishan 1999
7452:
7417:
7412:Brown, p. 4.
7408:
7401:Krishan 1999
7392:
7378:
7373:
7361:
7357:
7348:
7312:
7299:
7296:Krishan 1999
7282:
7270:
7261:
7240:
7236:
7226:
7192:
7184:
7183:For text of
7179:
7158:
7131:
7121:
7114:
7109:, p. 70
7095:
7085:
7057:
7052:
7033:
7008:
7001:, p. 1.
6995:, p. 3.
6985:
6947:
6942:
6930:
6913:
6906:Krishan 1999
6901:
6892:Bhandarkar.
6888:
6880:
6876:
6855:
6848:
6843:, p. 33
6836:
6824:
6812:
6800:
6795:, p. 8.
6788:
6783:, p. 2.
6776:
6751:
6743:
6716:
6688:
6678:
6666:
6649:
6645:
6635:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6587:Mahāvināyaka
6580:
6572:the original
6562:
6557:, p. 147–158
6555:Krishan 1999
6550:
6543:Krishan 1999
6538:
6533:
6521:
6509:. Retrieved
6504:
6495:
6490:, p. 110–112
6483:
6471:
6464:Krishan 1999
6459:
6440:
6427:
6411:
6406:
6390:
6382:
6354:
6342:
6327:
6323:
6298:
6286:
6274:
6262:
6250:
6245:
6240:, p. 27
6233:
6220:
6215:, p. 38
6213:Krishan 1999
6208:
6201:Krishan 1999
6196:
6191:
6179:
6149:
6130:
6111:
6092:
6069:
6047:
6042:
6035:Krishan 1999
6023:
6004:
5990:
5976:
5973:Krishan 1999
5947:
5928:
5916:
5904:
5892:
5879:
5859:
5852:
5840:
5835:
5822:
5818:
5813:Linga Purana
5809:
5801:
5798:Shiva Purana
5797:
5793:
5764:
5725:
5717:
5709:
5697:
5665:
5657:
5649:
5640:
5633:Krishan 1999
5628:
5609:
5600:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5576:
5572:
5560:
5555:, p. 5.
5548:
5536:
5531:, p. 49
5517:
5505:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:the original
5479:
5467:
5463:
5454:
5449:
5421:
5414:Krishan 1999
5409:
5401:
5397:
5384:
5379:in Sanskrit.
5375:Bhāskararāya
5358:
5354:Mūṣakavāhana
5347:
5335:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5295:
5274:
5240:Krishan 1999
5233:
5228:, p. 49
5221:
5214:Krishan 1999
5209:
5197:
5185:
5165:
5158:
5138:
5109:
5099:
5090:Padma Purana
5089:
5085:
5076:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5043:
5034:
5027:for Ganesha.
5023:yajñyopavīta
5020:
4999:
4972:Krishan 1999
4948:
4944:
4935:Krishan 1999
4922:
4910:
4889:Krishan 1999
4882:
4875:Krishan 1999
4869:
4856:
4846:
4836:
4830:
4818:
4813:
4808:, p. 76
4794:
4789:, p. 78
4782:
4777:
4758:
4753:, p. 29
4746:
4741:, p. 1.
4734:
4722:
4717:
4705:
4700:, p. 77
4693:
4688:, p. 76
4681:
4676:, p. 78
4669:
4657:
4652:, p. 77
4645:
4608:
4585:
4555:
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4526:the original
4519:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4494:
4485:
4480:, p. 16
4472:
4460:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4408:Krishan 1999
4389:
4377:
4357:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4262:
4255:
4246:20 September
4244:, retrieved
4224:
4218:
4213:, p. 62
4206:
4201:, p. 25
4187:
4175:
4168:Krishan 1999
4159:
4151:
4137:
4129:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4081:aṣṭavināyaka
4078:
4073:
4068:, p. 20
4051:Krishan 1999
4046:
4023:
4022:Y. Krishan,
4018:
4004:
4003:for text of
3976:
3964:
3949:
3937:
3907:
3902:
3868:
3841:
3829:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3787:
3782:
3762:
3752:
3727:
3716:
3711:, p. 27
3697:
3689:
3684:
3679:, p. 58
3672:
3663:
3657:
3652:, p. 80
3638:
3629:
3616:, p. 13
3577:
3546:
3503:
3498:, p. 6.
3491:
3454:
3449:, p. 5.
3427:
3398:, p. 10
3384:temple near
3374:
3359:
3334:
3301:
3290:
3272:
3266:
3237:
3219:
3199:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3147:, Indonesia.
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2927:Adi Shankara
2920:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2830:South Indian
2825:
2817:
2807:
2791:
2788:Vedic period
2781:
2772:
2742:
2741:(2.9.1) and
2734:
2728:
2713:
2704:
2674:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2638:
2606:
2570:
2549:
2547:
2517:
2513:
2477:
2471:
2462:
2457:Gupta period
2421:
2405:
2385:
2360:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2290:Bhadrachalam
2266:Pazhavangadi
2262:Kottarakkara
2192:and Raipur (
2163:
2122:aṣṭavināyaka
2106:
2098:
2096:
2085:Ashtavinayak
2062:
2039:
2032:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1939:
1929:
1912:
1902:
1891:
1887:
1856:
1825:Shiva Purana
1823:
1821:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1743:
1737:
1723:
1720:, New Delhi.
1674:
1670:
1666:
1646:
1643:First chakra
1630:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1577:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1516:
1508:
1499:
1494:
1491:Vighnaharta)
1490:
1483:
1480:Vighneshvara
1479:
1477:
1437:grāma-devatā
1436:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1373:Mūṣakavāhana
1370:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1208:Bhalachandra
1207:
1203:
1199:
1182:yajñyopavīta
1179:
1171:
1168:
1121:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1058:
1055:
1023:
1003:Ellora Caves
995:
988:
951:
939:
901:
895:
890:
882:
881:in the name
878:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
837:
825:
819:
810:
802:
793:Vighneshvara
792:
784:
774:
770:aṣṭavināyaka
756:Ashtavinayak
754:
740:
732:
722:
721:
708:
704:
700:
694:
690:
686:
682:
674:
666:
662:
654:
650:
646:
640:
634:
629:is found in
626:
618:
610:
606:
590:
576:
566:
554:
550:
548:
543:
539:
531:
513:
509:
506:Vighneshvara
505:
501:
497:
495:
483:
477:
471:
467:
452:
428:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
359:
358:
250:
244:
238:
48:
10256:Wisdom gods
10196:Animal gods
10121:Definitions
9995:Ma Phae Wah
9980:Mya Nan Nwe
9895:Myauk Medaw
9890:Taung Medaw
9880:Anauk Medaw
9875:Ashay Medaw
9841:Lord of the
9824:Ko Myo Shin
9761:Koyin Maung
9707:Maha Peinne
9668:(Ma Hnelay)
9641:Min Kyawzwa
9585:Maung Po Tu
9492:Hnamadawgyi
9375:Mahabharata
9286:Kuladevatas
9065:Vishvakarma
8532:Baṭukanātha
8075:Thapan 1997
8063:Murthy 1985
8051:Thapan 1997
8039:Thapan 1997
7813:, p. 55–66.
7787:Thapan 1997
7775:Thapan 1997
7739:Bailey 1995
7727:Grimes 1995
7703:Thapan 1997
7634:Thapan 1997
7606:pañcāyatana
7601:Thapan 1997
7581:Grimes 1995
7560:pañcādevatā
7430:Mahābhārata
7395:Mahābhārata
7364:Mahābhārata
7047:, p. 69–70.
6923:Murthy 1985
6869:, p. 70–72.
6860:Thapan 1997
6829:Thapan 1997
6805:Bailey 1995
6723:, p. 4
6545:, p. 2
6526:Murthy 1985
6488:Grimes 1995
6433:Thapan 1997
6420:Thapan 1997
6369:Thapan 1997
6291:Thapan 1997
6238:Grimes 1995
6170:Thapan 1997
5966:Brahmacārin
5885:Thapan 1997
5671:Grimes 1995
5590:Buddhipriya
5543:, p. 6
5464:Vighneśvara
5390:Grimes 1995
5320:XXVII, and
5282:. Preface.
5251:Mayūreśvara
5246:Bailey 1995
5096:Bailey 1995
4843:Thapan 1997
4664:, p. 3
4612:Four-armed
4500:28 December
4211:Thapan 1997
4154:vighnahartā
4140:vighnakartā
4132:grāmadevatā
4066:Thapan 1997
4053:, p. 6
4001:Śāstri 1978
3969:Grimes 1995
3942:Grimes 1995
3882:, p. 2
3802:Thapan 1997
3614:Thapan 1997
3570:, p. 1
3564:, p. 1
3558:, p. 1
3273:tshogs bdag
3228:In Buddhism
3171:Philippines
3068:sahasranama
2834:Mahabharata
2826:Mahabharata
2818:Mahabharata
2808:Mahabharata
2793:Mahabharata
2784:Indian epic
2724:Tirucovalur
2649:Mahabharata
2640:Mahabharata
2396:Afghanistan
2347:Vighneśvara
2303:Vighneśvara
2170:Ganpatipule
2054:Maharashtra
1942:modakapātra
1863:Santoshi Ma
1852:. The 1975
1805:Maharashtra
1770:brahmachari
1763:(1848–1906)
1585:. The term
1552:Buddhipriya
1519:vighnahartā
1511:vighnakartā
1484:Vighnaraja,
1478:Ganesha is
1433:Vigneshvara
1304:Mayūreśvara
1214:bhālacandra
1118:cosmic eggs
1087:incarnation
970:Iconography
952:Gana deviyo
902:Maha Peinne
805:vighneśvara
751:Maharashtra
343:Equivalents
93:Affiliation
10241:Hindu gods
10185:Categories
10155:Quotations
10020:Wathondare
9803:Bago Medaw
9782:U Shin Gyi
9757:(Me Wunna)
9755:Popa Medaw
9741:Other nats
9727:Thuyathadi
9721:Paramethwa
9560:Nyaunggyin
9551:(Shin Byu)
9545:(Shin Nyo)
9543:Taungmagyi
9518:Thandawgan
9503:Thonbanhla
9497:Shwe Nabay
9357:Upanishads
9276:Gandharvas
9000:Dattatreya
8788:Ranjangaon
7975:, p. 311.
7942:8120816536
7921:Nagar 1992
7909:Getty 1936
7897:Getty 1936
7885:Getty 1936
7873:Getty 1936
7853:Nagar 1992
7838:Brown 1991
7823:Getty 1936
7811:Getty 1936
7799:Getty 1936
7763:Nagar 1992
7751:Nagar 1992
7691:Brown 1991
7549:Brahmins.
7520:Brown 1991
7489:Brown 1991
7445:Brown 1991
7339:Brown 1991
7275:Heras 1972
7219:Brown 1991
7191:2.9.1 and
7107:Brown 1991
7076:8171101380
7045:Brown 1991
7020:Brown 1991
6993:Nagar 1992
6966:8171101380
6894:Vaisnavism
6867:Brown 1991
6841:Brown 1991
6793:Brown 1991
6781:Brown 1991
6736:Brown 1991
6721:Nagar 1992
6709:Brown 1991
6671:Brown 1991
6602:Brown 1991
6528:, p. 91–92
6511:22 October
6476:Brown 1991
6397:Brown 1991
6363:Brown 1991
6336:088706664X
6164:Brown 1991
6142:Brown 1991
6123:Brown 1991
6104:Brown 1991
6085:Brown 1991
6062:Brown 1991
6016:Brown 1991
5993:brahmacārī
5955:Getty 1936
5940:Brown 1991
5909:Brown 1991
5845:Nagar 1992
5772:Nagar 1992
5691:0893891584
5622:8120820002
5608:; p. 187 (
5553:Nagar 1992
5541:Brown 1991
5529:Brown 1991
5468:Vighnarāja
5440:Brown 1991
5280:Nagar 1992
5265:Brown 1991
5116:Nagar 1992
5082:Nagar 1992
5040:Nagar 1992
5017:Nagar 1992
4895:Brown 1991
4862:Nagar 1992
4806:Brown 1991
4787:Nagar 1992
4770:Brown 1991
4751:Heras 1972
4739:Getty 1936
4727:Brown 1991
4710:Brown 1991
4698:Brown 1991
4686:Brown 1991
4674:Nagar 1992
4662:Brown 1991
4650:Nagar 1992
4599:Brown 1991
4548:Brown 1991
4465:Brown 1991
4428:Brown 1991
4343:Brown 1991
4331:Brown 1991
4310:1813/53865
4199:Brown 1991
3925:Gaṇakrīḍaḥ
3919:Gaṇeśvaraḥ
3853:Brown 1991
3831:4 November
3797:Gāṇapatyas
3709:Brown 1991
3677:Heras 1972
3602:Indo-China
3594:Getty 1936
3588:Nagar 1992
3568:Brown 1991
3525:Getty 1936
3513:Brown 1991
3447:Getty 1936
3432:Heras 1972
3396:Brown 1991
3305:Vajiravudh
3209:City, and
3044:, and the
2848:Śāntiparva
2768:vakratuṇḍa
2758:Vakratuṇḍa
2643:depicting
2611:Indian art
2413:terracotta
2408:Indo-Greek
2317:Sacred fig
2258:Tamil Nadu
2246:Coimbatore
2159:Ranjangaon
2003:śuklapakṣa
1988:Bhadrapada
1980:śuklapakṣa
1879:Durga Puja
1854:Hindi film
1695:See also:
1633:Devanāgarī
1625:Swargaloka
1615:. You are
1504:Ganapatyas
1381:Ākhuketana
1340:, ram, or
1310:Dhumraketu
1290:Vighnaraja
1278:Vakratunda
1124:brahmāṇḍas
991:Indian art
944:Sri Lankan
912:pronounced
843:பிள்ளையார்
798:विघ्नेश्वर
765:अष्टविनायक
669:Dvaimātura
657:Vighnarāja
642:Amarakosha
441:; and the
10201:Arts gods
9955:Lawka Nat
9940:Bo Bo Gyi
9900:Amay Gyan
9796:Bago nats
9748:Popa nats
9697:Beikthano
9666:Shin Nemi
9636:Min Sithu
9590:Yun Bayin
9533:Ngazishin
9477:Thagyamin
9296:Rakshasas
9166:Mahavidya
9109:Saraswati
9096:Goddesses
9025:Kartikeya
8870:Kartikeya
8850:Vinayakas
8758:Siddhatek
8698:Ganapatya
8419:776939647
8077:, p. 158.
8065:, p. 122.
8041:, p. 157.
8029:, p. 121.
7987:, p. 313.
7923:, p. 185.
7861:, p. 311.
7855:, p. 175.
7789:, p. 152.
7777:, p. 170.
7753:, p. 175.
7655:. p. 103.
7583:, p. 162.
7503:, p. 103.
7491:, p. 183.
7381:Ādiparvan
7025:Bṛhaspati
7022:, p. 69.
6999:Mate 1962
6908:, p. vii.
6819:p. 10–11.
6435:, p. 226.
6422:, p. 225.
6349:, p. 150.
6249:The term
6075:Sarasvati
5830:23.18–59.
5738:kamaṇḍalu
5718:upamantra
5658:upamantra
5565:Apte 1965
5495:29 August
5472:Mate 1962
5065:trinetraṁ
4849:2.56.38–9
4839:2.3.42.34
4823:Apte 1965
4521:The Hindu
4289:Indonesia
4144:, and as
4104:Vighnesha
4087:Mate 1962
4007:Amarakośa
3988:Amarakośa
3906:The word
3895:Apte 1965
3859:Apte 1965
3790:gāṇapatya
3620:Apte 1965
3420:Citations
3269:Vajrayana
3187:Indochina
3051:Ganapatya
3038:Brahmanda
2984:Ganapatya
2937:, Shiva,
2870:Vanaparva
2709:Ganapatya
2686:Bṛhaspati
2680:Bṛhaspati
2635:Rajasthan
2619:Sri Lanka
2596:Vināyakas
2586:Vināyakas
2581:Vinayakas
2528:Brāhmaṇic
2521:Brāhmaṇic
2509:Indonesia
2501:Prambanan
2294:Telangana
2286:Karnataka
2226:Kanipakam
2198:Rajasthan
2135:Siddhatek
2058:pavilions
1997:cathurthī
1906:Gaṇeshāya
1795:Sarasvati
1746:Kartikeya
1662:mūlādhāra
1657:Muladhara
1655:, called
1639:scripts.
1294:Mohotkata
1188:third eye
1096:Lambodara
984:Karnataka
948:Sinhalese
931:မဟာဝိနာယက
907:မဟာပိန္နဲ
883:Pillaiyar
876:root word
852:pillaiyar
838:Pillaiyar
775:Vighnesha
701:Lambodara
677:Gaṇādhipa
663:Vighnesha
549:The name
510:Pillaiyar
468:Ganapatya
448:anecdotes
412:Ganapatya
400:Pillaiyar
396:Lambodara
315:(brother)
313:Kartikeya
281:Genealogy
267:Festivals
211:Wednesday
105:Ganapatya
67:Ganapatya
10091:Religion
10079:Hinduism
10010:Bhummaso
10005:Akathaso
9935:Ponmagyi
9732:Thukanda
9592:(Mekuti)
9487:Mahagiri
9412:Hinduism
9368:Ramayana
9310:Yakshini
9216:Shashthi
9176:Matrikas
9161:Mahadevi
8963:Trimurti
8886:Hinduism
8879:See also
8855:Vinayaki
8778:Lenyadri
8733:Kangiten
8728:Buddhism
8559:Amarkoṣa
8546:Vārāṇasī
8535:(1991),
8194:(1987),
8094:(1995).
7619:and the
7589:, p. ix.
7587:Pal 1995
7522:, p. 73.
7447:, p. 80.
7277:, p. 28.
7253:Archived
7249:29757520
7208:āraṇyaka
7067:Maṇḍalas
6957:Maṇḍalas
6883:, I, 21.
6831:, p. 75.
6691:: 89–91.
6628:29755703
6414:maṇḍapas
6393:, p. 95.
6314:) see: (
5921:Oka 1913
5804:154.547.
5316:260.54,
4593:Pal 1995
4576:Pal 1995
4570:Pal 1995
4532:30 April
4478:Pal 1995
4414:Pal 1995
4240:archived
4136:, he is
3991:1.38 as
3983:Oka 1913
3957:Archived
3825:Archived
3763:Hinduism
3760:(2009).
3724:(1996).
3467:Mamāsura
3392:Cambodia
3297:Kangiten
3251:Vināyaka
3245:Vināyaka
3240:Mahayana
3207:Salatiga
3191:Buddhism
3145:Salatiga
3141:Kangiten
3001:and the
2990:and the
2923:Smartism
2840:vināyaka
2716:Avvaiyar
2700:gaṇapati
2675:Rig Veda
2666:Rig Veda
2659:gaṇapati
2485:Shaivism
2361:Vinayaka
2282:Idagunji
2270:Kasargod
2218:Varanasi
2151:Lenyadri
2116:pradhāna
2050:Brahmins
1903:Om Shri
1901:such as
1544:and the
1443:Features
1405:tamoguṇa
1397:Gaṇapati
1338:tortoise
1334:elephant
1318:Gajanana
1120:; IAST:
1100:Mahodara
1077:Ekadanta
982:-style,
946:, among
936:Thailand
872:elephant
787:vighneśa
741:Binayaka
735:vināyaka
723:Vinayaka
717:elephant
711:gajānana
705:Gajanana
691:Ekadanta
683:Ganapati
651:Vinayaka
627:Ganapati
602:gaṇapati
591:Ganapati
520:Sanskrit
498:Ganapati
482:and the
464:Shaivism
439:sciences
431:elephant
392:Vinayaka
388:Ganapati
364:Sanskrit
352:Kangiten
336:celibate
309:Siblings
301:(mother)
295:(father)
189:Swastika
10191:Ganesha
10099:Ganesha
10053:Portals
10015:Yokkaso
9833:Hkuntha
9830:Hkuncho
9661:Shingwa
9656:Shingon
9555:Shindaw
9513:Mintara
9362:Puranas
9350:Atharva
9319:Texts (
9306:Yakshas
9301:Vahanas
9271:Dikpāla
9244:Apsaras
9196:Rukmini
9171:Matangi
9119:Parvati
9114:Lakshmi
9104:Tridevi
9030:Krishna
9010:Hanuman
9005:Ganesha
8995:Chandra
8990:Ashvins
8865:Parvati
8753:Morgaon
8691:Worship
8663:Heramba
8632:Ganesha
8339:3249845
7609:in the
7427:in the
6466:, p. 92
6140:", in:
6121:", in:
6102:", in:
6083:", in:
6060:", in:
6014:", in:
5783:Purāṇas
5750:Pārvatī
5470:, see:
5053:dhyānam
4406:", in:
4319:3351212
4106:, see:
3878:, see:
3479:Gaṇeśha
3337:Jainism
3331:Jainism
3307:of the
3262:Heramba
3046:Mudgala
3042:Ganesha
2982:In the
2917:extent.
2896:Puranic
2615:coinage
2602:Purāṇas
2535:Purāṇic
2467:Purāṇic
2214:Gujarat
2186:Jodhpur
2131:Morgaon
2075:Temples
1999:of the
1962:grass (
1950:paste (
1899:Mantras
1883:Cologne
1817:Kala Bo
1809:Lakshmi
1734:Puranic
1730:Parvati
1714:Parvati
1621:Brahman
1487:Marathi
1342:peacock
1312:uses a
1296:uses a
1242:Vahanas
1210:(IAST:
1110:). The
1065:Parvati
980:Hoysala
896:In the
891:pillaka
866:in the
780:विघ्नेश
761:Marathi
696:Heramba
687:Ganesha
647:Ganesha
636:Rigveda
607:Ganesha
551:Ganesha
502:Ganpati
462:of the
456:Parvati
406:in the
404:deities
360:Ganesha
320:Consort
299:Parvati
286:Parents
207:Tuesday
184:Symbols
168:(noose)
101:Brahman
82:Basohli
54:Ganesha
18:Ganpati
9702:Byamma
9266:Devata
9259:Danava
9254:Daitya
9249:Asuras
9211:Shakti
9201:Sanjna
9191:Rohini
9151:Shachi
9136:Chhaya
9055:Varuna
9045:Shasta
9035:Kubera
8973:Vishnu
8968:Brahma
8577:
8519:
8497:
8453:
8435:
8417:
8399:
8375:
8355:
8337:
8301:
8274:
8253:
8225:
8216:Gaṇeśa
8202:
8181:
8150:
8131:
8112:
8009:26 May
7940:
7686:Gaṇeśa
7648:Gaṇeśa
7623:to it.
7612:Smārta
7546:Smārta
7515:Gaṇeśa
7440:Gaṇeśa
7424:Gaṇeśa
7388:Gaṇeśa
7334:Gaṇeśa
7247:
7214:Gaṇeśa
7202:Sāyaṇa
7102:Gaṇeśa
7087:Maruts
7074:
7040:Gaṇeśa
7015:Gaṇeśa
6964:
6856:Passim
6764:
6626:
6597:Gaņeśa
6478:, p. 3
6447:Gaṇeśa
6334:
6293:p. 215
6251:modaka
6159:Gaṇeśa
6137:Gaṇeśa
6118:Gaṇeśa
6099:Gaṇeśa
6080:Gaṇeśa
6057:Gaṇeśa
6030:Gaṇeśa
6011:Gaṇeśa
5986:Gaṇeśa
5979:smārta
5963:was a
5960:Gaṇeśa
5935:Gaṇeśa
5867:
5828:Purana
5825:Varāha
5756:Gaņeśa
5744:Gaṇeśa
5689:
5620:
5616:Publ;
5524:Gaṇeśa
5457:Gaṇeśa
5435:Gaṇeśa
5260:Gaṇeśa
5173:
5146:
5044:tilaka
4977:Vāsuki
4965:Vāsuki
4900:Gaṇeśa
4837:Br. P.
4801:Gaṇeśa
4783:Passim
4765:Gaṇeśa
4637:Gaṇeśa
4631:Gaṇeśa
4621:Gaṇeśa
4615:Gaṇeśa
4403:Gaṇeśa
4365:
4317:
4270:
4232:
4194:Gaṇeśa
4150:he is
4147:Gaṇeśa
4125:Gaṇeśa
4034:Gaṇeśa
4026:Gaṇeśa
3965:गणपतिं
3848:Gaṇeśa
3800:" in:
3770:
3740:
3704:Gaṇeśa
3530:Gaṇeśa
3518:Gaṇeśa
3394:, see
3345:Kubera
3203:Blitar
3183:Borneo
3181:, and
3040:, the
3036:, the
3034:Brahma
2973:Danang
2961:, and
2941:, and
2935:Vishnu
2913:Gaṇeśa
2763:Sayana
2752:Dantiḥ
2720:Ceylon
2705:Maruts
2593:, the
2589:). In
2541:Gaṇeśa
2439:, the
2437:Gardez
2392:Gardez
2311:pīpaḹa
2288:; and
2280:, and
2274:Kerala
2232:; the
2210:Valsad
2206:Baroda
2190:Nagaur
2178:Ujjain
2065:Mumbai
2041:murtis
1936:laddus
1932:modaka
1813:Bengal
1783:Riddhi
1779:Siddhi
1775:Buddhi
1732:, the
1671:adhara
1653:chakra
1613:Mahesa
1611:, and
1609:Vishnu
1605:Brahma
1580:mantra
1534:buddhi
1495:dharma
1429:vighna
1415:mūṣaka
1316:, and
1286:Shesha
1284:, and
1282:Vikata
1263:vahana
1255:mūṣaka
1252:vahana
1204:tilaka
1194:tilaka
1176:Vasuki
1050:Nurpur
964:Skanda
960:Vishnu
956:Buddha
862:, and
848:pillai
834:பிள்ளை
826:Pillai
813:vighna
791:) and
746:Purāṇa
728:विनायक
508:, and
476:, the
384:Ganesh
378:Gaṇeśa
332:Siddhi
328:Riddhi
324:Buddhi
259:Gender
174:aṅkuśa
156:Paraśu
150:Weapon
135:Mantra
42:, and
10138:Media
10067:India
9717:Thiwa
9712:Sandi
9686:Hindu
9481:Śakra
9345:Yajur
9330:Vedas
9181:Radha
9146:Ganga
9141:Durga
9131:Bhumi
9126:Aditi
9050:Surya
9015:Indra
8978:Shiva
8947:texts
8896:Modak
8860:Shiva
8773:Theur
8768:Mahad
8640:Forms
8335:JSTOR
7245:JSTOR
6760:–68.
6624:JSTOR
6592:Shahi
6305:Māgha
5610:priya
4819:Udara
4626:dhoti
4315:JSTOR
3875:gaṇas
3536:Gaṇas
3341:Jains
3257:Nṛtta
3222:Islam
3195:Chams
2943:Surya
2813:Vyāsa
2803:Vyāsa
2798:Vyasa
2695:Indra
2691:RV 10
2645:Vyasa
2577:Shiva
2552:yakṣa
2480:China
2433:Shiva
2429:Surya
2425:Kabul
2400:Kabul
2357:Nepal
2323:Viṣṇu
2278:Hampi
2202:Bihar
2196:) in
2147:Theur
2143:Mahad
2010:magha
1959:Dūrvā
1921:(Om,
1909:Namah
1849:Lābha
1843:Śubha
1837:Lābha
1831:Kşema
1800:Śarda
1726:Shiva
1710:Shiva
1637:Tamil
1617:Indra
1560:priya
1349:mouse
1330:mouse
1314:horse
1274:mouse
1106:udara
1069:Shiva
1027:mudra
1019:noose
1015:pasha
1009:or a
998:India
889:word
879:pille
860:pella
856:pallu
836:) or
830:Tamil
739:) or
596:गणपति
586:Gaṇas
581:Shiva
544:Shree
460:Shiva
416:India
293:Shiva
234:Texts
227:Mouse
222:Mount
197:Modak
159:(axe)
120:Abode
10172:Data
9689:nats
9459:Nats
9398:more
9340:Sama
9321:list
9281:Gana
9227:more
9221:Sita
9206:Sati
9186:Rati
9156:Kali
9076:more
9070:Yama
9060:Vayu
9040:Rama
9020:Kama
8985:Agni
8955:Gods
8945:and
8840:Gana
8783:Ozar
8763:Pali
8575:ISBN
8517:ISBN
8495:ISBN
8482:2007
8451:ISBN
8433:ISBN
8415:OCLC
8397:ISBN
8373:ISBN
8353:ISBN
8299:ISBN
8272:ISBN
8251:ISBN
8223:ISBN
8200:ISBN
8179:ISBN
8148:ISBN
8129:ISBN
8110:ISBN
8011:2020
7938:ISBN
7849:In:
7322:and
7286:In:
7072:ISBN
6989:In:
6962:ISBN
6852:In:
6762:ISBN
6513:2022
6386:In:
6358:In:
6332:ISBN
6153:In:
6050:daşi
5951:In:
5899:p.4.
5865:ISBN
5768:In:
5732:Śiva
5687:ISBN
5618:ISBN
5497:2019
5466:and
5351:For
5171:ISBN
5144:ISBN
5049:the
5010:Śeṣa
4983:Śeṣa
4589:In:
4559:In:
4534:2015
4502:2017
4363:ISBN
4268:ISBN
4248:2010
4230:ISBN
4166:." (
4158:, a
3928:in:
3922:and
3908:gaṇa
3833:2020
3768:ISBN
3738:ISBN
3288:.
3179:Bali
3175:Java
3060:The
2939:Devi
2852:and
2613:and
2571:The
2505:Java
2472:this
2431:and
2384:The
2339:Śiva
2331:Śiva
2248:and
2194:Pali
2157:and
2155:Ozar
2139:Pali
2127:Pune
2083:and
2069:Pune
1822:The
1789:daşi
1728:and
1712:and
1699:and
1667:Mula
1635:and
1361:and
1298:lion
1230:and
1011:goad
921:Pali
887:Pali
864:pell
685:and
631:hymn
621:pati
613:gaṇa
577:gaṇa
567:isha
562:gaṇa
556:gana
528:IAST
524:श्री
515:Shri
458:and
443:deva
437:and
435:arts
398:and
372:IAST
368:गणेश
330:and
262:Male
165:pāśa
97:Deva
9335:Rig
8327:doi
8317:",
7670:",
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