269:
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85:
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43:
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specially designed cover over the opening. Some covers manipulate a mechanical switch while others allow magnets in the cover to align with magnets in the unit. Small slits in the cover allow water to flow through. Batch feed models are considered safer, since the top of the disposal is covered during operation, preventing foreign objects from falling in.
251:
The premise behind the proper use of a disposer is to effectively regard food scraps as liquid (averaging 70% water, like human waste), and use existing infrastructure (underground sewers and wastewater treatment plants) for its management. Modern wastewater plants are effective at processing organic
349:
Some other kinds of garbage disposal units are powered by water pressure, rather than electricity. Instead of the turntable and grind ring described above, this alternative design has a water-powered unit with an oscillating piston with blades attached to chop the waste into fine pieces. Because of
346:, the split-phase motor rotates in the opposite direction from the previous run each time it is started. This can clear minor jams, but is claimed to be unnecessary by some manufacturers: Since the early sixties, many disposal units have utilized swivel impellers which make reversing unnecessary.
330:
There are two main types of garbage disposers—continuous feed and batch feed. Continuous feed models are used by feeding in waste after being started and are more common. Batch feed units are used by placing waste inside the unit before being started. These types of units are started by placing a
528:
Most major cities banned garbage disposers after World War II, driven by worries that ground food would clog sewer pipes beneath their booming neighborhoods. ... But a series of studies from universities and the not completely disinterested plumbing industry showed that the additional waste from
322:
Inside the grinding chamber there is a rotating metal turntable onto which the food waste drops. Two swiveling and two fixed metal impellers mounted on top of the plate near the edge then fling the food waste against the grind ring repeatedly. Sharp cutting edges in the grind ring break down the
374:
This may result in higher costs for energy needed to supply oxygen in secondary operations. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in the food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running, as carbon may be deficient in that process. This increased
362:
that reaches the water treatment plant, which in turn increases the consumption of oxygen. Metcalf and Eddy quantified this impact as 0.04 pounds (18 g) of biochemical oxygen demand per person per day where disposers are used. An
Australian study that compared in-sink food processing to
215:
started to subsidize the purchase of garbage disposal units in 2005, in order to reduce the amount of waste going to landfill and the carbon footprint of garbage runs. However, the use of macerators was banned for non-household premises in
Scotland in 2016 in non-rural areas where food waste
386:
as compared to municipal sewage sludge. The value of the biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of food waste appears to exceed the cost of processing the food waste and disposing of the residual biosolids (based on a LAX Airport proposal to divert 8,000 tons/year of bulk food waste).
338:
inserted into the motor shaft from below. Especially hard objects accidentally or deliberately introduced, such as metal cutlery, can damage the waste disposal unit and become damaged themselves, although recent advances, such as swivel impellers, have been made to minimize such damage.
394:
in Los
Angeles, disposer use showed minimal to no impact on the total biosolids byproduct from sewage treatment and similarly minimal impact on handling processes as the high volatile solids destruction (VSD) from food waste yield a minimum amount of solids in residue.
319:, also known as series-wound motors, rotate at higher speeds, have high starting torque, and are usually lighter, but are noisier than induction motors, partially due to the higher speeds and partially because the commutator brushes rub on the slotted commutator.
227:
Food scraps range from 10% to 20% of household waste, and are a problematic component of municipal waste, creating public health, sanitation and environmental problems at each step, beginning with internal storage and followed by truck-based collection. Burned in
326:
Usually, there is a partial rubber closure, known as a splashguard, on the top of the disposal unit to prevent food waste from flying back up out of the grinding chamber. It may also be used to attenuate noise from the grinding chamber for quieter operation.
652:
455:
811:
402:, but only for a very short time, totaling approximately 3–4 kWh of electricity per household per year. Daily water usage varies, but is typically 1 US gallon (3.8 L) of water per person per day, comparable to an additional
314:
and have a range of starting torques, depending on the method of starting used. The added weight and size of induction motors may be of concern, depending on the available installation space and construction of the sink bowl.
656:
1235:
Rosenwinkel, K.-H. and D. Wendler. Institute for Water
Quality and Waste Management, University of Hanover (ISAH). "Influences of Food Waste Disposers on Sewerage System, Wastewater Treatment and Sludge
323:
waste until it is small enough to pass through openings in the ring. Sometimes the waste goes through a third stage where an undercutter disc further chops it, whereupon it is flushed down the drain.
192:
attempted a ban on the replacement and installation of garbage disposers, which also extended to outlying towns sharing the city's municipal sewage system, but rescinded the ban one month later.
185:
system. After a 21-month study with the NYC Department of
Environmental Protection, the ban was rescinded in 1997 by local law 1997/071, which amended section 24-518.1, NYC Administrative Code.
350:
this cutting action, they can handle fibrous waste. Water-powered units take longer than electric ones for a given amount of waste and need fairly high water pressure to function properly.
216:
collection is available, and banned in
Northern Ireland in 2017. They are expected to be banned for businesses in England and Wales in 2023. The intention is to reduce water use.
910:
2881:
836:
1333:
Karlberg, Tina and Erick Norin. VA-Forsk Report, 1999-9. "Food Waste
Disposers – Effects on Wastewater Treatment Plants. A Study from the Town of Surahammar".
1288:
Karlberg, Tina and Erik Norin. VA-Forsk Report, 1999-9. "Food Waste
Disposers – Effects on Wastewater Treatment Plants. A Study from the Town of Surahammar".
219:
Many other countries in Europe have banned or intend to ban macerators. The intention is to realise the resource value of food waste, and reduce sewer blockages.
64:
1163:
174:(garbage) into the system. InSinkErator spent considerable effort, and was highly successful in convincing many localities to rescind these prohibitions.
990:
785:
1297:
New York City
Department of Environmental Protection. June 1997. "The Impact of Food Waste Disposers in Combined Sewer Areas of New York City".
677:
963:
367:
found that while the in-sink disposer performed well with respect to climate change, acidification, and energy usage, it did contribute to
730:
334:
Waste disposal units may jam, but can usually be cleared either by forcing the turntable round from above or by turning the motor using a
519:
1113:
917:
51:
1361:
630:
942:
310:–1 hp) for a domestic unit, spins a circular turntable mounted horizontally above it. Induction motors rotate at 1,400–2,800
170:
In many cities in the United States in the 1930s and the 1940s, the municipal sewage system had regulations prohibiting placing
1279:
Hernanadez, Gerald L., Kenneth R. Redd, Wendy A. Wert, An Min Liu, and Tim Haug. "Hyperion
Advanced Digestion Pilot Program".
574:
3009:
2841:
599:
469:
3004:
379:
424:
177:
Many localities in the United States prohibited the use of disposers. For many years, garbage disposers were illegal in
1836:
2161:
1139:
861:
1253:
3019:
2891:
17:
378:
One result is larger amounts of solid residue from the waste-water treatment process. According to a study at the
1167:
391:
1091:
1480:
1354:
342:
Some higher-end units have an automatic reversing jam clearing feature. By using a slightly more complicated
208:
2994:
2452:
542:
453:, Hammes, John W., "Garbage disposal device", published 22 May 1933, issued 27 August 1935
2615:
2417:
1624:
375:
carbon serves as an inexpensive and continuous source of carbon necessary for biologic nutrient removal.
163:
Hammes' claim is disputed, as General Electric introduced a garbage disposal unit in 1935, known as the
2397:
2242:
2227:
987:
812:"Canteen waste | NetRegs | Environmental guidance for your business in Northern Ireland & Scotland"
450:
2502:
1308:
709:
232:
facilities, the high water-content of food scraps means that their heating and burning consumes more
2999:
2232:
1871:
1347:
136:
into pieces small enough—generally less than 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter—to pass through
2437:
2432:
2141:
2083:
2063:
1644:
685:
406:
flush. One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.
189:
56:
2958:
2901:
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2600:
1931:
1829:
1765:
1755:
738:
311:
200:
In the United States, 50% of homes had disposal units as of 2009, compared with only 6% in the
886:
495:
2943:
2896:
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2580:
2052:
1760:
1512:
364:
212:
1117:
967:
2642:
2211:
2119:
2021:
1210:
8:
3014:
2973:
2831:
2472:
2068:
1803:
1527:
1468:
1201:
Lundie, S.; Peters, G. (2005). "Life Cycle Assessment of Food Waste Management Options".
710:"Leo Hickman: Is it OK ... to use a food waste disposer | Money | The Guardian"
638:
429:
1214:
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2748:
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2550:
2447:
2427:
2322:
2297:
2098:
1991:
1861:
1718:
1659:
1542:
343:
653:"City of Raleigh | Council Approves Ban On New And Replacement Garbage Disposals"
2963:
2886:
2575:
2422:
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2327:
2307:
2272:
2125:
2088:
1986:
1822:
1676:
1619:
1431:
1414:
761:
550:
382:'s wastewater treatment plant funded by the EPA, food waste produces three times the
153:
753:
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125:
31:
1222:
578:
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1976:
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1502:
994:
316:
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117:
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1941:
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245:
201:
182:
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2201:
2093:
2073:
1901:
1896:
1639:
1562:
1552:
1436:
1421:
1164:"Trash-Talking The Garbage Disposal: Examination Of A Not So Green US Export"
1048:
911:"Greenhouse Gases and the Role of Composting: A Primer for Compost Producers"
765:
600:"The Impact of Food Waste Disposers in Combined Sewer Areas of New York City"
554:
178:
30:"Garbage disposal" redirects here. For the mass-scale disposal of waste, see
2846:
2763:
2703:
2682:
2677:
2590:
2565:
2507:
2487:
2477:
2462:
2402:
2387:
2357:
2342:
2277:
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2151:
2016:
1996:
1926:
1708:
1654:
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1458:
1448:
1441:
1399:
268:
157:
2791:
2768:
2743:
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2497:
2482:
2467:
2412:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2352:
2347:
2267:
2252:
2026:
1966:
1772:
1735:
1725:
1666:
1567:
1453:
1394:
1246:
284:
2851:
2738:
2718:
2605:
2570:
2532:
2527:
2372:
2247:
2011:
1971:
1649:
1604:
1594:
1577:
1572:
1487:
1463:
1426:
1070:"Noise from universal motors vs. induction motors at howstuffworks.com"
171:
133:
2882:
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
837:"Mandatory separate food waste segregation for all businesses in 2023"
2856:
2713:
2708:
2647:
2181:
2146:
2109:
1981:
1946:
1911:
1906:
1876:
1599:
1557:
1389:
398:
Power usage is typically 500–1,500 W, comparable to an electric
253:
149:
148:
The garbage disposal unit was invented in 1927 by John W. Hammes, an
887:"Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2009 Facts and Figures"
2922:
2610:
1956:
1936:
1891:
1866:
1845:
1698:
1609:
1532:
237:
137:
1339:
2861:
2758:
2667:
2555:
2457:
2287:
2191:
2171:
2047:
1745:
1671:
1584:
1409:
399:
335:
276:
241:
84:
42:
2948:
2657:
2625:
2131:
2104:
1961:
1951:
1629:
403:
383:
293:
257:
233:
156:. He applied for a patent in 1933 that was issued in 1935. His
892:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. December 2010
684:. Capitol Broadcasting Company. April 15, 2008. Archived from
2560:
2522:
2166:
2136:
1189:
Wastewater Engineering – Treatment, Disposal, and Reuse
2637:
2442:
2031:
1921:
1814:
1681:
121:
529:
ground food scraps would rarely harm a city sewage system.
520:"Only in New York: Garbage Disposers, Banned, Stir Debate"
778:
508:; see hand written note at top of page of archive edition
27:
Device that shreds food waste for disposal via plumbing
964:"Sumter Water & Wastewater Plants and Maintenance"
181:
because of a perceived threat of damage to the city's
88:
A garbage disposal unit installed under a kitchen sink
1114:"Magnet and induction motors in Commodore Disposers"
256:), with advanced facilities also capturing methane (
1092:"How to Fix a Stuck or Locked Up Garbage Disposal"
698:American Housing Survey (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009)
543:"Robert Cox; Popularized Use of Garbage Disposers"
496:"Kitchen Grinder for Waste Displaces Garbage Pail"
358:Kitchen waste disposal units increase the load of
2986:
731:"Water Canada – Everything but the Kitchen Sink"
160:company put his disposer on the market in 1940.
862:"5. Source Segregation and Separate Collection"
1089:
422:
1830:
1355:
1275:
1273:
916:. US Composting Council. 2008. Archived from
1200:
655:. Raleigh-nc.org. 2011-04-18. Archived from
1309:"Is it OK ... to use a food waste disposer"
707:
280:Top view of sink, with splash guard visible
1837:
1823:
1362:
1348:
1270:
1140:"New Garbage Disposal Runs on Water Power"
252:solids into fertilizer products (known as
943:"Food waste helps power wastewater plant"
506:(4), Hearst Magazines: 542, October 1935
283:
275:
267:
83:
67:of all important aspects of the article.
2892:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
1306:
828:
517:
353:
14:
2987:
1046:
540:
449:
63:Please consider expanding the lead to
1818:
1343:
834:
240:, food scraps decompose and generate
2842:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
1137:
1072:. Home.howstuffworks.com. 2000-04-01
940:
854:
751:
470:"General Electric History 1935–1945"
248:that contributes to climate change.
195:
36:
1369:
1191:. 3rd. Edition, Metcalf & Eddy.
1187:Tchobanoglous, G., F. Burton. 1991
380:East Bay Municipal Utility District
300:, usually rated at 250–750 W (
24:
678:"Disposals to Grind on in Raleigh"
577:. Insinkerator.com. Archived from
423:Denise DiFulco (August 23, 2007).
25:
3031:
2162:Push-to-pull compression fittings
518:Specter, Michael (22 June 1992).
41:
1327:
1307:Hickman, Leo (August 8, 2006).
1300:
1291:
1282:
1259:from the original on 2011-09-28
1239:
1229:
1194:
1181:
1156:
1131:
1106:
1083:
1062:
1040:
981:
956:
934:
903:
879:
804:
745:
723:
701:
692:
670:
645:
392:Hyperion sewage treatment plant
272:The parts of a garbage disposal
55:may be too short to adequately
1247:"P2RIC – This Domain for Sale"
1090:Solos, Heather (2 June 2010).
966:. Sumtersc.gov. Archived from
786:"Waste (Scotland) Regulations"
712:. London: Money.guardian.co.uk
623:
592:
575:"Insinkerator on its heritage"
567:
534:
511:
488:
462:
443:
416:
363:composting alternatives via a
65:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
1223:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.020
1203:Journal of Cleaner Production
754:"Going Global By Going Green"
409:
236:than it generates; buried in
209:Worcestershire County Council
2902:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
2453:Reduced pressure zone device
1844:
1166:. TreeHugger. Archived from
1116:. Joneca.com. Archived from
835:Jones, Cam (17 April 2023).
541:Oliver, Myrna (1999-06-24).
263:
222:
7:
3010:Products introduced in 1935
2897:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
2616:Instant hot water dispenser
2418:Piping and plumbing fitting
1625:Instant hot water dispenser
1049:"Garbage Disposal power on"
792:. North Lanarkshire Council
790:www.northlanarkshire.gov.uk
425:"Grist for the Daily Grind"
344:centrifugal starting switch
10:
3036:
3005:Waste treatment technology
2243:Backflow prevention device
2228:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
1138:Paul, Donna (1999-12-16).
941:Zito, Kelly (2009-07-24).
708:Leo Hickman (2006-08-21).
143:
29:
2936:
2910:
2870:
2815:
2777:
2696:
2541:
2503:Thermostatic mixing valve
2220:
2040:
1852:
1791:
1377:
993:November 9, 2016, at the
752:Brat, Ilan (2008-02-27).
371:and toxicity potentials.
260:) for energy production.
102:food waste disposer (FWD)
2233:Automatic bleeding valve
1872:Compatibility (chemical)
3020:20th-century inventions
2438:Pressure-balanced valve
2433:Pressure vacuum breaker
2142:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
2084:Drain-waste-vent system
2064:Chemical drain cleaners
1645:Laundry-folding machine
190:Raleigh, North Carolina
116:) is a device, usually
2959:Template:Public health
2631:water recycling shower
2601:Hot water storage tank
1932:Onsite sewage facility
631:"Local Law 71 of 1997"
289:
288:A modern disposal unit
281:
273:
89:
2944:Fire sprinkler system
2653:Tankless water heater
2596:Garbage disposal unit
2581:Electric water boiler
2053:British Standard Pipe
1513:Electric water boiler
988:Home Depot's web site
945:. Articles.sfgate.com
365:life-cycle assessment
287:
279:
271:
213:Herefordshire Council
188:In 2008, the city of
132:. The device shreds
94:garbage disposal unit
87:
2643:Storage water heater
2212:Water heat recycling
2120:National Pipe Thread
2022:Water supply network
641:on 15 November 2004.
354:Environmental impact
120:, installed under a
118:electrically powered
2995:American inventions
2974:Template:Wastewater
2832:Hydrostatic testing
2473:Rooftop water tower
2069:Compression fitting
1804:Appliance recycling
1528:Electric toothbrush
1215:2005JCPro..13..275L
758:Wall Street Journal
430:The Washington Post
124:between the sink's
98:waste disposal unit
2928:Waterborne disease
2827:Hydronic balancing
2586:Evaporative cooler
2551:Accessible bathtub
2448:Radiator (heating)
2428:Pressure regulator
2323:Double check valve
2298:Concentric reducer
2099:Garden Hose Thread
1992:Thermal insulation
1862:Air gap (plumbing)
1660:Robotic lawn mower
1543:Evaporative cooler
1037:, and 1 hp models.
816:www.netregs.org.uk
476:on 11 January 2016
390:In a study at the
290:
282:
274:
204:and 3% in Canada.
90:
2982:
2981:
2964:Template:Sewerage
2911:Health and safety
2887:NSF International
2697:Specialized tools
2576:Drinking fountain
2543:Plumbing fixtures
2423:Plug (sanitation)
2408:Nipple (plumbing)
2328:Eccentric reducer
2308:Coupling (piping)
2273:Chemigation valve
2126:Nominal Pipe Size
2089:Ductile iron pipe
1987:Thermal expansion
1812:
1811:
1432:Coffee percolator
1415:Immersion blender
547:Los Angeles Times
500:Popular Mechanics
196:Adoption and bans
154:Racine, Wisconsin
106:in-sink macerator
96:(also known as a
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3027:
2969:Template:Toilets
2734:Flare-nut wrench
2493:Submersible pump
2318:Dielectric union
2238:Automatic faucet
2197:Thread seal tape
2157:Plastic pipework
1917:Hydrostatic loop
1882:Drain (plumbing)
1839:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1620:Induction cooker
1590:Garbage disposer
1538:Espresso machine
1493:Electric blanket
1364:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
922:
915:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
891:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
832:
826:
825:
823:
822:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
749:
743:
742:
741:on 2 March 2016.
737:. Archived from
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
705:
699:
696:
690:
689:
674:
668:
667:
665:
664:
649:
643:
642:
637:. Archived from
627:
621:
620:
618:
617:
611:
605:. Archived from
604:
596:
590:
589:
587:
586:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
538:
532:
531:
515:
509:
507:
492:
486:
485:
483:
481:
472:. Archived from
466:
460:
459:
458:
454:
447:
441:
440:
438:
437:
420:
317:Universal motors
309:
308:
304:
110:garbage disposer
77:
74:
68:
45:
37:
32:waste management
21:
18:Garbage disposal
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3000:Home appliances
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2932:
2906:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2797:Pressure sensor
2779:
2773:
2749:Plumber's snake
2692:
2673:Water dispenser
2663:Washing machine
2537:
2363:Flushing trough
2313:Diaphragm valve
2303:Condensate pump
2283:Circulator pump
2263:Butterfly valve
2216:
2187:Solvent welding
2079:Crimp (joining)
2036:
2002:Trap (plumbing)
1977:Surface tension
1854:
1848:
1843:
1813:
1808:
1787:
1783:Washing machine
1778:Water dispenser
1704:Pressure cooker
1687:Convection oven
1615:Ice cream maker
1523:Electric shaver
1518:Electric heater
1503:Electric kettle
1385:Air conditioner
1373:
1371:Home appliances
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995:Wayback Machine
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970:on June 8, 2009
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635:nyccouncil.info
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230:waste-to-energy
225:
198:
146:
78:
72:
69:
62:
50:This article's
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35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3033:
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3017:
3012:
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2876:
2873:organizations
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2837:Leak detection
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2807:Water metering
2804:
2802:Water detector
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Plumber wrench
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
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2688:Water softener
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2518:Vacuum ejector
2515:
2513:Vacuum breaker
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
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2470:
2465:
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2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2338:Faucet aerator
2335:
2333:Expansion tank
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
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2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Sewage pumping
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2115:Leak detection
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Cast iron pipe
2056:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Venturi effect
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Sanitary sewer
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Drinking water
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1799:Appliance plug
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1751:Vacuum cleaner
1748:
1743:
1741:Television set
1738:
1733:
1731:Sewing machine
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:Crisper drawer
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1692:Microwave oven
1689:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
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1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1550:
1548:Food processor
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:Electric knife
1505:
1500:
1498:Electric drill
1495:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:Domestic robot
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:drying cabinet
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1405:Barbecue grill
1402:
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1387:
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1379:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1344:
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1299:
1290:
1281:
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1238:
1228:
1209:(3): 275–286.
1193:
1180:
1155:
1144:New York Times
1130:
1105:
1082:
1061:
1051:. Nettally.com
1039:
980:
955:
933:
902:
878:
853:
827:
803:
777:
744:
722:
700:
691:
688:on 2011-06-14.
669:
644:
622:
591:
566:
533:
524:New York Times
510:
487:
461:
442:
414:
413:
411:
408:
369:eutrophication
360:organic matter
355:
352:
336:hex-key wrench
298:electric motor
265:
262:
246:greenhouse gas
224:
221:
202:United Kingdom
197:
194:
145:
142:
80:
79:
59:the key points
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3032:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
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3006:
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2957:
2955:
2954:Template:HVAC
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Plumbing code
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:and standards
2869:
2863:
2860:
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2853:
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2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
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2824:
2822:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Control valve
2785:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Drain cleaner
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2689:
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2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Hose coupling
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
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2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Closet flange
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
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2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
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2256:
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2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Threaded pipe
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
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2148:
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2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Flare fitting
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Copper tubing
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
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1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Grade (slope)
1900:
1898:
1897:Friction loss
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
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1665:
1661:
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1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Kitchen stove
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
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1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
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1561:
1559:
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1555:
1554:
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1534:
1531:
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1526:
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1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:Clothes dryer
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Bread machine
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1330:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1274:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1170:on 2011-09-12
1169:
1165:
1159:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1120:on 2011-07-13
1119:
1115:
1109:
1094:. Home Ec 101
1093:
1086:
1071:
1065:
1050:
1043:
996:
992:
989:
984:
969:
965:
959:
944:
937:
923:on 2019-02-23
919:
912:
906:
888:
882:
867:
863:
857:
842:
838:
831:
817:
813:
807:
791:
787:
781:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
740:
736:
732:
726:
711:
704:
695:
687:
683:
679:
673:
659:on 2008-12-10
658:
654:
648:
640:
636:
632:
626:
612:on 2011-05-24
608:
601:
595:
581:on 2011-07-13
580:
576:
570:
556:
552:
548:
544:
537:
530:
525:
521:
514:
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501:
497:
491:
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419:
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231:
220:
217:
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210:
205:
203:
193:
191:
186:
184:
180:
179:New York City
175:
173:
168:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
86:
76:
66:
60:
58:
53:
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2847:Pipe marking
2820:and services
2816:Professions,
2764:Strap wrench
2704:Basin wrench
2683:Water heater
2678:Water filter
2595:
2591:Flush toilet
2566:Dehumidifier
2508:Trench drain
2488:Street elbow
2478:Safety valve
2463:Relief valve
2403:Needle valve
2388:Grinder pump
2358:Flow limiter
2343:Float switch
2278:Chopper pump
2258:Booster pump
2207:Tube bending
2152:Pipe support
2017:Water hammer
1997:Thermosiphon
1927:Neutral axis
1709:Refrigerator
1655:Riding mower
1635:Kitchen hood
1589:
1459:Dehumidifier
1449:Clothes iron
1400:Air purifier
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:The Guardian
1312:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1261:. Retrieved
1241:
1231:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:the original
1158:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:
1133:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:the original
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1064:
1053:. Retrieved
1047:Kirby Palm.
1042:
983:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
958:
947:. Retrieved
936:
925:. Retrieved
918:the original
905:
894:. Retrieved
881:
869:. Retrieved
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2792:Flow sensor
2780:and control
2778:Measurement
2769:Tap and die
2744:Pipe wrench
2729:Driving cap
2621:Laundry tub
2498:Tap (valve)
2483:Sewage pump
2468:Riser clamp
2413:Pinch valve
2383:Grease trap
2378:Globe valve
2368:Flushometer
2353:Floor drain
2348:Float valve
2268:Check valve
2253:Bleed screw
2027:Water table
1967:Storm sewer
1853:Fundamental
1773:Waffle iron
1736:Slow cooker
1726:Rice cooker
1667:Leaf blower
1454:Coffeemaker
1395:Air ioniser
1236:Digestion".
152:working in
3015:Food waste
2989:Categories
2852:Pipefitter
2739:Pipecutter
2719:Core drill
2606:Humidifier
2571:Dishwasher
2533:Zone valve
2528:Water tank
2373:Gate valve
2248:Ball valve
2221:Components
2041:Technology
2012:Wastewater
1972:Stormwater
1650:Lawn mower
1605:Humidifier
1595:Hair dryer
1573:Fan heater
1488:Deep fryer
1481:comparison
1464:Dishwasher
1427:Bug zapper
1263:2010-10-22
1174:2011-04-23
1149:2011-04-23
1124:2011-04-23
1076:2011-04-23
1055:2011-04-23
974:2011-04-23
949:2011-04-23
927:2019-02-23
896:2011-05-26
821:2024-09-04
771:2017-03-03
716:2011-04-23
663:2011-04-23
616:2011-04-23
585:2011-04-23
560:2018-07-23
451:US 2012680
436:2009-10-22
410:References
172:food waste
134:food waste
114:garburator
2871:Industry
2857:Pipelayer
2714:Borescope
2709:Blowtorch
2648:Sump pump
2182:Soldering
2147:Pipe dope
2110:Hydronics
1982:Tap water
1947:Sewer gas
1912:Heat trap
1907:Greywater
1877:Corrosion
1600:Hair iron
1563:bladeless
1390:Air fryer
766:0099-9660
555:0458-3035
264:Operation
254:biosolids
238:landfills
223:Rationale
165:Disposall
150:architect
73:July 2022
57:summarize
2937:See also
2923:Scalding
2611:Icemaker
2398:Manifold
1957:Sewerage
1937:Pressure
1892:Fuel gas
1867:Backflow
1855:concepts
1846:Plumbing
1792:See also
1699:Pie iron
1610:Icemaker
1533:Epilator
1315:. London
1254:Archived
991:Archived
682:WRAL.com
138:plumbing
128:and the
2862:Plumber
2818:trades,
2759:Plunger
2668:Washlet
2556:Bathtub
2458:Reducer
2288:Cistern
2192:Swaging
2172:Sealant
2048:Brazing
1766:robotic
1756:central
1746:Toaster
1672:Lighter
1585:Freezer
1568:ceiling
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2132:O-ring
2105:Gasket
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1952:Sewage
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796:7 June
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234:energy
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2122:(NPT)
2101:(GHT)
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1378:Types
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1100:2015
873:2023
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