155:
2536:
568:
700:
2548:
433:
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285:
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28:
817:
683:, which produced greens and later potatoes, that were an important part of the family diet. Originally "exotic" plants, like turnips, onions, potatoes and rhubarb were exclusive to physic gardens, prized for their medicinal and nutritional value, and then were adopted by the upper classes, but gradually spread out to the gardens of ordinary people. This process was encouraged by figures such as
244:
remodelled the gardens at
Holyrood again in 1536, employing the Frenchman Bertrand Gallotre at both Holyrood and Stirling. At Holyrood the ditches surrounding the gardens were improved and the ponds drained. Archaeological remains indicate there were sophisticated formal gardens. John Morrison became
865:
Gardening began to be a major pursuit of the working and middle classes in the twentieth century. In the inter-war period there was a concerted attempt to encourage working-class men to abandon their traditional leisure activities in favour of activity in the garden, which was often given over to
780:
in
Glasgow and the Public Park, Dumfirmline. James Whitton became director of public parks in Glasgow and played a leading role in the development of parks towards the end of the century. The mild climate and soils of western Scotland facilitated the creation of special plantsman's gardens at
115:
In the eighteenth century there was a reaction against the "absolutism" and "popery" of the French court and a retreat from the expense of maintaining large formal gardens. The move to a less formal landscape of parklands and irregular clumps of planting, associated in
England with
644:(1754) and the reputation of Scottish gardeners in managing greenhouses, hot walls and the cultivation of fruit trees meant that they began to be in demand in England. At the end of eighteenth century there began to be a reaction to the English style of garden, influenced by
861:
were founded in 1931. The
National Trust owns and maintains many major gardens, particularly those associated with palaces, castles and estate houses. The Scotland's Gardens scheme opens gardens not normally seen by the public, using the proceeds to fund charities.
874:
were seen as one solution and by 1939 there were over 20,000 in
Scotland. It was among the middle classes that domestic gardening took off in this period, fuelled by horticultural shows, open gardens, items in newspapers and increasing use of landscape features.
582:
In the eighteenth century there was a reaction against the "absolutism" and "popery" of the French court and a retreat from the expense of maintaining large formal gardens. Less symmetrical layouts became common with the development of the "natural" style of the
127:
In the early twentieth century
Scottish plant collectors continued to be highly active. Gardening began to be a major pursuit of the working and middle classes in the twentieth century. Some major planned gardens were created in the twentieth century including
249:(1561–67), there was an emphasis on herbs and vegetables. The ponds may have been permanently drained in this period and the monastic areas were planted with trees to make orchards and pleasant walking areas. Similar landscaping is also found at
609:(1689–1748), which combined formality with undulating ground. Adam laid down that "the rising and falling of the ground are to be humoured and make the greatest Beauteys in gardens". Adam's work included the landscaped park and avenue at
396:
from the 1620s (now destroyed). She had inventories made of the trees and walks. The planting probably reflected other gardens in
Edinburgh, but also would have responded to her experience of English gardens and the style of her cousin
757:(1843–1932) and the Edinburgh-based Frances Hope (d. 1880), arguing for informal flower-based gardens, had begun to dominate. They resulted in a revival of the seventeenth-century mixed flower and kitchen garden, as carried out at
628:(1716–1783), was dominated in Scotland by his followers, Robert Robinson and Thomas White senior and junior. From 1770 and 1809 the Whites were involved in the planning of over 70 estate gardens in Scotland, including those at
276:, which had gardens and avenues surrounding it. The gardens at Kinloss were improved by William Luban of Dieppe after his arrival in Scotland in 1540 and four years later he created the garden around the new palace at Beauly.
726:(1783–1843), the most prolific gardening author of the century in Britain, and were highly influential throughout the world. By 1850 ambitious formal gardens had been recreated at Drummond Castle, Dunrobin and Drumlandrig.
813:(1873–1932) undertook seven expeditions to Western China between 1904 and 1932, bringing back over 30,000 botanical specimens. Other major figures in the field included Euan Cox (1893–1977) and George Sheriff (1898–1967).
479:(c. 1630–1710) put Scotland at the forefront of European garden design. He lowered garden walls to incorporate the surrounding countryside into the vista. This allowed a focus on significant landscape features such as
878:
In the post-war period there were increasing numbers of people who possessed gardens. This resulted in increased information on gardening on radio and TV. In 1978 the BBC began to broadcast
866:
vegetable growing. Gardens were a deliberate part of the council housing schemes of the period, although the high density housing used in
Scotland meant that there was less provision on the
884:, filmed in Scotland and aimed at the owners of suburban semi-detached houses. The twentieth and twenty-first centuries saw a huge increase in do-it-yourself gardening books and magazines.
120:, was dominated in Scotland by his followers, Robert Robinson and Thomas White senior and junior. New ideas about gardening developed in the nineteenth century including the writings of
714:(1752–1818) were highly influential in the return of the formal garden near to the major house. His sons were directly involved in the restructuring of the landscape at
448:
Gardening books from the continent and
England became widely available in this period and the first gardening book was published in Scotland. This was John Reid's,
898:
722:'s dislike of the sweeping away of the old formal gardens was also influential in creating an emphasis on preservation and restoration. His ideas were taken up by
84:
at their royal palaces. Members of the nobility and gentry followed suit. From the late sixteenth century, the landscaping of many estate houses was influenced by
1504:
2184:
679:, it was often a small drystone enclosure known as a planticrue, which was particularly used for the growing of cabbages, and in the lowlands it was a
2576:
1610:
413:
meant that French styles were particularly important in
Scotland, although adapted for the Scottish climate. From the late seventeenth century the
382:
may have been because of a change of attitudes to smells, with the walls helping to intensify the scent of the herbs and flowers that grew there.
527:
style gardens in Scotland: it included canals, parterres, statues and ornamental trees. Common features in gardens of this period were elaborate
209:
in the mid-sixteenth century. The gardens of castles and estate houses were often surrounded by defensive walls and they sometimes adjoined a
181:(521–597). By the late Middle Ages gardens, or yards, around medieval abbeys, castles and houses were formal and in the European tradition of
213:. Urban houses had gardens as part of burgage plots that stretched behind houses, often used to produce vegetables such as kale and beans.
1378:
516:
240:. A "Queen's Garden" was created there in 1511. The gardens at both Stirling and Holyrood were overseen by a priest, Sir John Sharp.
2373:
1497:
335:
1357:
Physicians and Surgeons in Glasgow, 1599–1858: the History of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Volume 1
1292:
R. A. Doghson, "Everyday structures, rhythms and spaces of the Scottish countryside", in E. A. Foyster and C. A. Whatley, eds,
1252:
Physicians and Surgeons in Glasgow, 1599–1858: The History of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Volume 1
496:
299:(c. 1565–1614) from the 1590s, which depict abbeys, castles and estate houses surrounded by greenery, earthworks, orchards and
363:
1490:
17:
322:. By the end of the seventeenth century there were at least 141 formal gardens and orchards in Scotland. The gardens of
358:
was surrounded by orchards, herbs and flowers. The best surviving garden from the early seventeenth century is that at
245:
the chief gardener of the south side of the palace in 1546 and remained there until 1598. During the personal reign of
1334:
S. Nenadic, "Necessities: food and clothing in the long eighteenth century", in E. A. Foyster and C. A. Whatley, eds,
1858:
1280:
1238:
1004:
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near Dumfrieshire, begun in 1988, which incorporates elements of the history of the cosmos into traditional designs.
508:
398:
327:
217:
108:
were particularly important in Scotland, although adapted for the Scottish climate. In the late seventeenth century
745:, meant that Victorian and Edwardian gardens were characterised by an eclectic mix of the formal, picturesque, and
637:
343:
593:(1676–1755), one of the key figures in defining elite taste in Scotland, eulogising the estate garden in his poem
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family crest into the parterres design. There is also the militaristic earthworks undertaken for Field Marshal
624:
The move to a less formal landscape of parklands and irregular clumps of planting, associated in England with
2564:
461:
385:
375:
1885:
1583:
846:
844:(b. 1939) has developed a number of landscape and sculpture gardens in Scotland, including the post-modern
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166:
142:
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893:
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653:
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1568:
1548:
304:
85:
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E. Foyster, "Sensory experiences: smells, sounds and touch", in E. A. Foyster and C. A. Whatley, eds,
295:
Although relatively few early modern gardens have survived unchanged, they can be seen in the maps of
2424:
2378:
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810:
661:
552:
476:
437:
109:
64:, or yards, around medieval abbeys, castles and houses were formal and in the European tradition of
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1675:
908:
777:
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491:(1651–1708) continued in the tradition established by Bruce, adding landscapes at houses including
366:(1551?–1610) created an enclosure of Renaissance-style walls, adorned with sculptures of the seven
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1424:
Voices of Scottish Journalists: Recollections of 22 Scottish Journalists of Their Life and Work
903:
790:
1444:
L. Abrams and L. Fleming, "Everyday life in the Scottish home", in L. Abrams and C. G. Brown,
1422:
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1030:
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Romanticism, which encouraged gardens in the wild. This resulted in creation of features like
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2310:
1645:
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Noble Society in Scotland: Wealth, Family and Culture from the Reformation to the Revolutions
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E. Ewen, "Sights, smells and sounds in the medieval town", in E. J Cowan and L. Henderson,
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532:
303:. From the late sixteenth century, the landscaping of many estate houses was influenced by
246:
225:
105:
318:
From this period there are many examples of formal gardens created for nobles, gentry and
8:
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2196:
1752:
1620:
1605:
1553:
1543:
833:
768:
The mid-nineteenth century saw the beginnings of formal public parks. Designers included
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330:(c. 1516–81), perhaps as an area for public display. Extensive gardens were developed at
241:
210:
129:
51:
809:
Scottish plant collectors continued to be highly active in the early twentieth century.
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2409:
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2174:
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47:
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opened in 1960, combining landscape, sculpture and concrete poetry. The American-born
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1987:
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688:
664:, which put an emphasis on concealment and the surprise revelation of the natural.
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488:
367:
307:. These were seen as retreats from the troubles of the world and were eulogised in
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1955:
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Members of the nobility and gentry followed suit, with gardens recorded for Hugh
250:
237:
233:
229:
221:
159:
81:
1982:
1152:
Marilyn M. Brown & Michael Pearce, 'The Gardens of Moray House, Edinburgh',
729:
New plants from around the world, often discovered and sampled by Scots such as
671:
and agricultural labourers was focused around a small area near their house, in
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2328:
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2037:
1905:
1900:
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New ideas about gardening developed in the nineteenth century. The writings of
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186:
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137:
121:
69:
2218:
567:
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and Kinnaird castle, Angus. Grand schemes in the French tradition included
371:
347:
331:
296:
421:, and fountains that stressed symmetry and order, were a model. After the
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2012:
2007:
1997:
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1910:
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182:
65:
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165:
Gardens, as designated spaces for planting, first came to Scotland with
124:. The mid-nineteenth century saw the beginnings of formal public parks.
2062:
1945:
1880:
1865:
1823:
1700:
1600:
410:
300:
101:
687:(1725–1786), who was king's botanist in Edinburgh from 1761 and later
2509:
2472:
2419:
2399:
2394:
2052:
1538:
1525:
1517:
618:
602:
589:, which attempted to create vistas of a rural idyll. The antiquarian
480:
389:
265:
261:
1402:
In Gardens: Profiles of Contemporary European Landscape Architecture
432:
27:
2368:
2295:
2223:
1960:
1835:
1625:
786:
672:
418:
77:
832:
Some major planned gardens were created in the twentieth century.
425:
Dutch influences were also significant, with uniform planting and
342:, designed for the entertainment of guests. Dunfermline's nephew,
177:
and other plants and tended by an Irish gardener from the time of
2477:
2439:
2429:
2305:
1940:
1830:
668:
528:
426:
190:
178:
73:
378:, the expense of which eventually bankrupted him. The change to
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61:
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as a source of medicines. A physic garden was founded at the
520:
319:
236:
around 1504, where the gardens were probably remodelled from
93:
1197:
The Laird's Kitchen: Three Hundred Years of Food in Scotland
2179:
1794:
1379:"Ian Hamilton Finlay, 80, poet and conceptual artist, dies"
232:
in 1501, where the King's Knot Garden was developed and at
170:
995:
F. Jamieson, "Gardening and landscapes" in M. Lynch, ed.,
42:, the design of planned spaces set aside for the display,
2107:
1093:(Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2nd edn., 2014),
617:, where the landscaped garden was reminiscent of a Roman
169:
and monasticism from the sixth century. The monastery of
112:
put Scotland at the forefront of European garden design.
1446:
A History of Everyday Life in Twentieth-century Scotland
899:
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland
326:
were redeveloped along with the building for the regent
991:
989:
987:
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at their royal palaces. French gardeners were hired by
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965:
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961:
959:
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and Penicuik, Midlothian, with the help of architect
1336:
A History of Everyday Life in Scotland, 1600 to 1800
1294:
A History of Everyday Life in Scotland, 1600 to 1800
1133:
A History of Everyday Life in Scotland, 1600 to 1800
472:(1651), adapting its ideas for Scottish conditions.
35:, 1683, the first gardening book printed in Scotland
1176:
The British Country House in the Eighteenth Century
1159:
948:
804:
1178:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000),
193:. Such gardens are known to have been present at
2590:
1064:
1062:
667:Lower down the social scale, gardening for many
468:'s (1658) translation of Nicholas de Bonnefon's
1338:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010),
1296:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010),
1135:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010),
1072:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004),
1048:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011),
1046:A History of Everyday Life in Medieval Scotland
1512:
535:(c. 1589–1657) at Holyrood (1633) and that at
338:(1555–1622), with lawns, fountains, ponds and
149:
88:. From this period there are many examples of
1498:
1223:
1059:
46:, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of
2374:List of organic gardening and farming topics
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
499:'s (1662–1711) reworking of the terraces at
1505:
1491:
1376:
1317:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998),
1010:
999:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001),
749:. By the end of the century the ideas of
76:. The first Renaissance style gardens in
1315:Scotland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide
997:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
815:
698:
578:'s improvements to the house and gardens
574:painted in 1733 by James Norie, showing
566:
431:
336:Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline
283:
268:, built in 1536, and for the Seatons of
153:
26:
547:by combining the collections of doctor
205:and created for the Bishop of Moray at
14:
2591:
497:James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry
346:(1584–1650), planted a herb garden at
1486:
1112:Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland
1091:The Scots and the Union: Then and Now
694:
660:Dunkeld and the Hermit's Cave at the
562:
388:had a terraced garden in Edinburgh's
288:The restored formal walled garden at
2559:
1448:(Edinburgh University Press, 2010),
1231:Scotland: A Concise Cultural History
597:(1727), which built on the ideas of
523:was the grandest realisation of the
2571:
24:
1210:The Making of the English Gardener
636:. Important publications included
452:(1683). Reid had been gardener at
25:
2610:
1313:A. Ritchie and J. N. G. Ritchie,
1273:Discovering Scottish Architecture
509:John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair
399:Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford
328:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
2570:
2558:
2547:
2546:
2534:
805:Twentieth century to the present
642:The Scottish Gardiner's Director
475:In the late seventeenth century
362:, where, between 1604 and 1610,
344:George Seton, 3rd Earl of Winton
1459:
1438:
1415:
1394:
1370:
1349:
1328:
1307:
1286:
1265:
1244:
1212:(Yale University Press, 2011),
1202:
1189:
855:The National Trust for Scotland
313:William Drummond of Hawthornden
279:
220:in Scotland were built for the
92:created for nobles, gentry and
1146:
1125:
1114:(Boydell & Brewer, 2015),
1104:
1083:
1038:
925:
541:Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
386:Mary Sutton, Countess of Home
13:
1:
1032:The Scottish People 1490–1625
737:(1826–54), and including the
531:, such as the one created by
462:George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh
417:, with their formal avenues,
158:The King's Knot Garden below
1427:(Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2013),
1377:K. Johnson (31 March 2006),
847:Garden of Cosmic Speculation
826:Garden of Cosmic Speculation
675:, and to a lesser extent in
143:Garden of Cosmic Speculation
7:
2405:Index of pesticide articles
1404:(Walter de Gruyter, 2005),
894:List of gardens in Scotland
887:
772:(1803–1865), who developed
305:Italian Renaissance gardens
150:Middle Ages and Renaissance
86:Italian Renaissance gardens
10:
2615:
1549:Climate-friendly gardening
765:, Fife by Robert Lorimer.
543:was founded in 1670, as a
409:and the beginnings of the
100:and the beginnings of the
2528:
2450:
2425:Plant disease forecasting
2387:
2379:Vegan organic agriculture
2354:
2229:Genetically modified tree
2116:
1659:
1524:
937:(London: Penguin, 1995),
836:'s (1925–2006) garden of
503:, which incorporated the
464:. The book borrowed from
218:Renaissance-style gardens
1469:(Tuckwell Press, 2006),
1467:Scotland's Domestic Life
1275:(Botley: Osprey, 1985),
1156:, 47:1 (2019), pp. 1-17.
919:
909:Gardening in New Zealand
691:of botany and medicine.
654:Ossian's Hall of Mirrors
648:taste and the spread of
601:. He created gardens at
1359:(A&C Black, 1999),
1254:(A&C Black, 1999),
870:model than in England.
591:John Clerk of Pennycuik
456:, Hamilton Castle, and
2364:Biodynamic agriculture
2301:Postharvest physiology
2249:Landscape architecture
1946:Indonesian home garden
904:Gardening in Australia
829:
793:in Argyllshire and at
791:Younger Botanic Garden
707:
579:
445:
292:
173:had such a garden for
162:
36:
2599:Gardening in Scotland
1611:Historic conservation
881:The Beechgrove Garden
819:
702:
570:
557:University of Glasgow
470:Le jardinier françois
435:
415:gardens at Versailles
287:
157:
40:Gardening in Scotland
30:
2541:Gardening portal
2440:Aquamog weed remover
2415:List of insecticides
1304:, pp. 32, 42 and 57.
1233:(Mainstream, 1993),
1199:(HMSO, 1994), p. 27.
799:Logan Botanic Garden
724:John Claudius Loudon
515:, Wigtownshire. The
405:. The legacy of the
309:country house poetry
247:Mary, Queen of Scots
96:. The legacy of the
1035:(Lulu Press, 2014).
834:Ian Hamilton Finlay
442:John Michael Wright
423:Glorious Revolution
130:Ian Hamilton Finlay
80:were built for the
18:Gardens in Scotland
2410:List of fungicides
2175:Companion planting
1389:on 8 November 2014
1383:The New York Times
934:Life of St Columba
914:Gardening in Spain
859:Scotland's Gardens
830:
743:monkey puzzle tree
708:
695:Nineteenth century
580:
563:Eighteenth century
446:
401:, particularly at
352:Earl of Sutherland
293:
163:
37:
33:The Scots Gard'ner
2586:
2585:
2458:Community orchard
2284:drought tolerance
1195:Olive M. Geddes,
797:, Sutherland and
716:Valleyfield, Fife
501:Drumlanrig Castle
485:Loch Leven Castle
483:at Balcaskie and
376:Planetary Deities
255:Linlithgow Palace
195:Pluscarden Priory
16:(Redirected from
2606:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2515:Plant collecting
2451:Related articles
2388:Plant protection
1569:French intensive
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1385:, archived from
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946:
931:R. Sharpe, ed.,
929:
801:, Wigtownshire.
774:Kelvingrove Park
763:Earlshall Castle
751:William Robinson
733:(1799–1834) and
689:Regius Professor
626:Capability Brown
595:The Country Seat
489:Alexander Edward
368:Cardinal Virtues
274:Greenknowe Tower
238:monastic gardens
118:Capability Brown
21:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2533:
2524:
2520:Turf management
2505:Lists of plants
2500:List of gardens
2446:
2383:
2350:
2112:
1662:
1655:
1520:
1511:
1481:
1464:
1460:
1443:
1439:
1421:I. MacDougall,
1420:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1375:
1371:
1354:
1350:
1333:
1329:
1312:
1308:
1291:
1287:
1270:
1266:
1249:
1245:
1229:H. Scott, ed.,
1228:
1224:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1190:
1173:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1130:
1126:
1109:
1105:
1089:C. A. Whatley,
1088:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1043:
1039:
1028:
1011:
994:
949:
930:
926:
922:
890:
807:
755:Gertrude Jekyll
712:Humphrey Repton
697:
662:Falls of Acharn
572:Taymouth Castle
565:
537:Newbattle Abbey
511:(1679–1747) at
493:Hamilton Palace
458:Drummond Castle
324:Aberdour Castle
282:
251:Falkland Palace
234:Holyrood Palace
230:Stirling Castle
222:Stewart dynasty
175:medicinal herbs
160:Stirling Castle
152:
82:Stewart dynasty
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2495:Garden tourism
2492:
2487:
2485:Groundskeeping
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:free-flowering
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Groundskeeping
1588:
1587:
1586:
1584:computer-aided
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1458:
1437:
1414:
1400:U. Weilacher,
1393:
1369:
1355:F. MacDonald,
1348:
1327:
1306:
1285:
1264:
1250:F. MacDonald,
1243:
1222:
1201:
1188:
1158:
1154:Garden History
1145:
1124:
1103:
1082:
1058:
1037:
1029:M. M. Meikle,
1009:
947:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
889:
886:
842:Charles Jencks
821:Charles Jencks
806:
803:
696:
693:
615:Hopetoun House
599:Alexander Pope
586:jardin anglais
564:
561:
553:Andrew Balfour
549:Robert Sibbald
513:Castle Kennedy
450:Scots Gard'ner
380:walled gardens
374:and the seven
281:
278:
187:kitchen garden
151:
148:
140:' post-modern
138:Charles Jencks
122:Humphry Repton
90:formal gardens
70:kitchen garden
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2611:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2578:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Garden centre
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2468:Floral design
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:reforestation
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Intercropping
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:most valuable
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Arboriculture
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:Garden square
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Ancient Egypt
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:Garden design
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:S. Storrier,
1462:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1281:0-85263-748-9
1278:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1239:1-85158-581-8
1236:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:C. Christie,
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:A. Blakeway,
1107:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1080:, pp. 210–11.
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1007:, pp. 258–60.
1006:
1005:0-19-211696-7
1002:
998:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
944:
940:
936:
935:
928:
924:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
885:
883:
882:
876:
873:
869:
868:garden-suburb
863:
860:
856:
851:
849:
848:
843:
839:
838:Little Sparta
835:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
812:
811:George Forest
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
770:Joseph Paxton
766:
764:
760:
759:Kellie Castle
756:
753:(1838–1935),
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:David Douglas
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
705:
704:Kellie Castle
701:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
658:the Hermitage
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:James Justice
635:
631:
630:Glamis Castle
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
577:
573:
569:
560:
558:
554:
551:and botanist
550:
546:
545:physic garden
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Earl of Mar's
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:William Bruce
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:Niddry Castle
451:
443:
439:
438:William Bruce
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:Auld Alliance
404:
403:Bedford House
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:David Lindsay
361:
360:Edzell Castle
357:
354:'s castle at
353:
350:in 1620. The
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
315:(1585–1649).
314:
311:like that of
310:
306:
302:
298:
291:
290:Edzell Castle
286:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
203:Kinloss Abbey
200:
199:Beauly Priory
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
161:
156:
147:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:Little Sparta
131:
125:
123:
119:
113:
111:
110:William Bruce
107:
106:French styles
103:
99:
98:Auld Alliance
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
57:
54:began in the
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
19:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2532:
2435:Weed control
2324:horticulture
2254:Olericulture
2234:Hydroculture
2224:Fruticulture
2202:Floriculture
2131:Permaculture
2118:Horticulture
2027:
1514:Horticulture
1466:
1461:
1445:
1440:
1423:
1417:
1401:
1396:
1387:the original
1382:
1372:
1356:
1351:
1335:
1330:
1314:
1309:
1293:
1288:
1272:
1271:T. W. West,
1267:
1251:
1246:
1230:
1225:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1186:, pp. 135–6.
1175:
1153:
1148:
1132:
1127:
1111:
1106:
1090:
1085:
1069:
1045:
1040:
1031:
996:
933:
927:
879:
877:
864:
852:
845:
831:
824:
808:
778:Queen's Park
767:
739:rhododendron
735:John Jeffrey
728:
720:Walter Scott
709:
666:
641:
634:Scone Palace
623:
611:Yester House
607:William Adam
594:
584:
581:
576:William Adam
487:at Kinross.
474:
469:
449:
447:
436:Portrait of
384:
372:Liberal Arts
370:, the seven
348:Seton Palace
332:Pinkie House
317:
297:Timothy Pont
294:
280:Early Modern
259:
215:
211:hunting park
167:Christianity
164:
141:
126:
114:
60:
39:
38:
32:
2577:WikiProject
2346:Monoculture
2341:Viticulture
2319:agriculture
2279:propagation
2219:Hügelkultur
2141:sustainable
2126:Agriculture
2068:Therapeutic
2048:Shakespeare
1859:Renaissance
1651:Xeriscaping
1646:Sustainable
1641:Square foot
1631:Proplifting
1596:Garden tool
1564:Foodscaping
1208:M. Willes,
747:gardenesque
646:picturesque
466:John Evelyn
394:Moray House
183:herb garden
104:meant that
66:herb garden
56:Middle Ages
44:cultivation
31:John Reid,
2239:Indigenous
2136:stock-free
2108:Zoological
1988:Pollinator
1881:Greenhouse
1824:Sharawadgi
1812:Vietnamese
1773:East Asian
1681:Australian
1636:Raised bed
1601:Green wall
1475:0859766497
1454:0748624317
1433:0857906135
1410:3764376627
1365:1852851864
1344:0748619658
1323:0192880020
1302:0748619658
1260:1852851864
1218:0300165331
1184:0719047250
1141:0748619658
1120:1843839806
1099:0748680284
1078:0748612998
1068:K. Brown,
1054:0748629505
943:0140444629
872:Allotments
533:John Mylne
525:Versailles
519:palace at
411:grand tour
301:arboretums
216:The first
102:grand tour
2510:Perennial
2473:Floristry
2420:Pesticide
2400:Herbicide
2395:Fungicide
2289:hardiness
2053:Shrubbery
2033:Sculpture
1854:landscape
1783:Cantonese
1758:Container
1753:Community
1721:Byzantine
1716:Butterfly
1706:Botanical
1606:Guerrilla
1554:Community
1544:Butterfly
1539:Arboretum
1534:Allotment
1526:Gardening
1518:gardening
1477:, p. 412.
1367:, p. 201.
1346:, p. 153.
1325:, p. 233.
1283:, p. 102.
1262:, p. 169.
1241:, p. 208.
1220:, p. 274.
1143:, p. 222.
1122:, p. 151.
1056:, p. 114.
685:John Hope
619:campagnia
603:Mavisbank
559:in 1703.
481:Bass rock
444:, c. 1664
419:parterres
390:Canongate
266:Kilravock
2593:Category
2553:Category
2463:Features
2369:Grafting
2329:forestry
2311:Tropical
2296:Pomology
2269:cuttings
2264:breeding
2098:Wildlife
2078:Tropical
2028:Scottish
1978:Pleasure
1966:Paradise
1961:Charbagh
1931:Monastic
1926:Medieval
1836:Floating
1790:Japanese
1741:Communal
1731:Colonial
1696:Biblical
1661:Types of
1626:Parterre
1456:, p. 64.
1412:, p. 22.
1101:, p. 85.
888:See also
795:Inverewe
787:Arduaine
681:kailyard
673:Shetland
669:crofters
650:Ossianic
529:sundials
460:and for
356:Dunrobin
340:aviaries
226:James IV
78:Scotland
52:Scotland
2565:Commons
2478:Ikebana
2430:Pruning
2356:Organic
2306:Roguing
2192:Cutting
2083:Victory
2058:Spanish
2038:Sensory
1983:Prairie
1951:Persian
1941:Orchard
1906:Kitchen
1901:Keyhole
1896:Italian
1891:Islamic
1886:Hanging
1845:French
1831:Fernery
1819:English
1778:Chinese
1763:Cottage
1691:Baroque
1663:gardens
1616:History
706:Gardens
505:Douglas
427:topiary
242:James V
191:orchard
179:Columba
74:orchard
62:Gardens
2315:Urban
2212:Taiwan
2207:Canada
2170:Botany
2163:Saikei
2158:Bonsai
2103:Winter
2088:Walled
2023:School
2018:Sacred
1973:Physic
1936:Mughal
1916:Market
1871:German
1849:formal
1841:Flower
1807:Korean
1726:Cactus
1711:Bottle
1671:Alpine
1621:Native
1574:Garden
1559:Forest
1473:
1452:
1431:
1408:
1363:
1342:
1321:
1300:
1279:
1258:
1237:
1216:
1182:
1139:
1118:
1097:
1076:
1052:
1003:
941:
783:Crarae
761:, and
677:Orkney
539:. The
320:lairds
207:Spynie
94:lairds
48:nature
2259:Plant
2197:Flora
2146:urban
2093:Water
2073:Trial
2043:Shade
2003:Roman
1876:Greek
1866:Front
1768:Dutch
1736:Color
920:Notes
853:Both
521:Alloa
392:, at
270:Touch
2180:Crop
2013:Rose
2008:Roof
1998:Rock
1993:Rain
1956:Bāgh
1921:Mary
1911:Knot
1795:Roji
1686:Back
1516:and
1471:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1001:ISBN
939:ISBN
857:and
789:and
776:and
741:and
632:and
613:and
262:Rose
253:and
201:and
189:and
171:Iona
136:and
72:and
2063:Tea
1800:Zen
1701:Bog
823:'s
656:at
640:'s
440:by
334:by
272:at
264:of
228:at
132:'s
50:in
2595::
1381:,
1161:^
1061:^
1012:^
950:^
785:,
718:.
621:.
429:.
257:.
197:,
185:,
146:.
68:,
58:.
1506:e
1499:t
1492:v
1435:.
1391:.
945:.
20:)
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