610:
presence has remained fairly stable through time, there exist many minor variations on this motif, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyālas or yālīs, and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats. In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. Yet, the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places. For example,
38:
498:
Hriday Shah was the last great king of Garha-Mandla. After his death, no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common, greatly weakening the state. It ceded away portions of its territory and its revenues were spent to buy off its enemies. One of its feudatories, the Gond rajas of
Deogadh, took
609:
For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief. In the rather limited scholarship on this motif, diverse interpretations have been offered. Although its
525:
and killed the ruler, Maharaj Shah. His son, Shivraj Singh, ascended he throne on the condition that he would pay an annual tribute of 4 lakhs to the
Marathas. Garha-Mandla essentially became a dependent state of the
425:. The queen put up a fierce resistance in the Battle of Narrai despite being heavily outnumbered and was eventually killed. She is remembered as a war-heroine and is still praised across the whole
320:
The Garha-Mandla kingdom was initially a small territory whose early kings focused on consolidating their rule. Kharji (1440–1460) expanded his army and his grandson
Sukhandas (1480–1500) included
1164:
614:
forts, Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways . While tracing the history of this visual motif.
213:
188:
585:, a pensioner of the British, descendent of the rajas of Garha-Mandla and his son Raghunath Shah were arrested of a plot to murder the English residents of
1096:
561:
describes- "In 1781 the last Gond ruler of Mandla, Narhar Shah, was tortured to death by the
Maratha general Moraji, and Mandla became a dependency of the
503:, the Gond raja of Deogarh, was ceded the district of Seoni, Chauri, Dongartal and Ghansour by Narendra Shah of Mandla for his aid against the rebellious
499:
advantage of the kingdom's weakness subsequent to the temporary Mughal conquest in the early 17th century and annexed a large part of its territories.
1168:
273:
Gaur or Gond or
Rajgond is the oldest Kshatriya Dynasty that ruled India since ancient times. They emerged from the ancient Gond Clan. They ruled
1592:
356:
was built in the honour of conquering 52 forts. Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of
1532:
802:
158:
1573:
1465:
1356:
1257:
1227:
1200:
1148:
1121:
1071:
Beveridge, H. (1907). "Conquest of the country of Gadha
Katanga by the sword of the genius of Khwaja Abdul Majid Asaf Khan".
1025:
991:
456:
on accepting Mughal suzerainty and ceding 10 of the garhas. He was followed in succession by
Madhukar Shah and Prem Narain.
1072:
402:. Rani Durgawati made the kingdom extremely prosperous, it was said that the people paid their taxes in gold in her reign.
433:. The Mughals acquired immense booty from this victory, including coins, gold, silver, jewels and thousands of elephants.
1329:
510:
By the time of
Maharaj Shah (1732–1742), the kingdom held only 29 out of the initial 52 forts held by his ancestor
368:. The Akbar nama, a history of Akbar's reign, mentions the Gond kingdom of Garha katanga that had 70,000 villages.
1247:
1190:
1455:
1425:
1319:
1138:
981:
37:
1015:
1373:
1409:
1389:
384:
1111:
590:
483:
422:
68:
1295:
1273:
578:
1217:
482:, he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well. He moved his capital from Chouragarh to
1041:
1346:
782:
695:
337:
310:
364:
was written by
Sangram Shah. During Sangram Shah's reign, the capital of Garha kingdom was
1525:
8:
267:
1502:
1090:
594:
562:
550:
527:
522:
206:
1569:
1494:
1461:
1352:
1325:
1253:
1223:
1196:
1144:
1117:
1021:
987:
546:
542:
500:
328:
his army and administration. The kingdom witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of
193:
1457:
Memory, Identity and the
Colonial Encounter in India: Essays in Honour of Peter Robb
870:
611:
426:
309:
The first Gond king of Garha-Mandla was Jadurai. He became king after deposing the
622:
Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into
1563:
661:
538:
518:
407:
399:
365:
252:
58:
1483:"A study of the later history of the Rajgond kingdom of Garha-Mandla(1564–1678)"
911:
566:
534:
449:
391:
376:
274:
80:
266:. The kingdom was founded in the 2th century and lasted until conquest by the
1586:
1498:
569:, till in 1818 the British took over and assumed the rule also over Mandla."
558:
479:
465:
457:
437:
411:
352:
s to strengthen and consolidate his hold on territory. The Chouragrh Fort in
278:
263:
410:, invaded Garha but was thoroughly defeated by Rani Durgawati. The powerful
899:
854:
829:
701:
684:
631:
582:
511:
461:
441:
430:
329:
282:
905:
445:
418:
403:
395:
372:
353:
294:
63:
1506:
1482:
926:
864:
859:
818:
475:
469:
255:
kingdom in India. It was the first large kingdom to be founded by the
792:
787:
772:
706:
671:
298:
286:
1454:
Rashkow, Ezra; Ghosh, Sanjukta; Chakrabarti, Upal (18 August 2017).
824:
797:
656:
598:
586:
357:
87:
53:
1077:. pp. 323–333. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016
777:
722:
711:
521:
attacked Garh-Mandla along with Visaji Chandorkar, leader of the
345:
634:
clan. This was further divided into units of 84 villages called
840:
679:
666:
554:
515:
504:
487:
440:
rule, the kingdom was restored to Chandra Shah, another son of
387:
333:
325:
321:
314:
290:
332:, the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley,
1113:
Tribal Ascendancy in Central India: The Gond Kingdom of Garha
813:
808:
766:
453:
414:
341:
231:
83:
549:. Narhar Shah's kingdom was finally annexed in 1781 by the
380:
1513:
1453:
886:
The following is a list of the rulers of Garha-Mandla-
1219:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II
1192:
Rani Durgawati: The Forgotten Life of a Warrior Queen
1533:"Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones"
1052:
1017:
The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons
577:In 1817, Mandla came under British rule during the
533:In 1780, Narhar Shah of Mandla was defeated by the
1321:Tribe in transition : a study of Thakur Gonds
1165:""Rani Durgavati: The Warrior Queen of the Gonds""
553:and he was sent to spend the rest of his days at
1584:
1444:, Volume 17. 1908–1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
1324:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
1278:. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press. 1995.
1095:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1565:Gadha Ka Gond Rajya (The Gond kingdom of Garha)
1407:
1391:Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Bhandara District
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1249:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
1140:Goddesses of Fury: History's Most Daring Queens
157:649,121 km (250,627 sq mi) (
1195:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
541:and annexed the territories now constituting
1440:Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908).
1304:
1289:
1287:
1285:
604:
1487:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1375:History of the Central Provinces and Berar
1344:
979:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
1143:. The Little Booktique Hub. p. 151.
1074:The Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl : Vol. II
1070:
1447:
1434:
1403:
1401:
1345:Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007).
1338:
1282:
1188:
1064:
1014:Gupta, Archana Garodia (20 April 2019).
448:. He was recognized as the successor of
1480:
1241:
1239:
1222:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 105.
1215:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
964:
646:which are made up of 12 villages each.
478:maintained friendly relations with the
1585:
1561:
1519:
1317:
1266:
1189:Sengupta, Nandini (25 November 2022).
1130:
1058:
649:
1593:Ancient empires and kingdoms of India
1474:
1398:
1365:
1209:
1109:
1013:
468:interference restored the kingdom to
1245:
1236:
1103:
1000:
348:hills. He conquered 52 forts called
317:, where earlier he worked in court.
43:Madan Mahal Capital of Garha Kingdom
1371:
1182:
980:Chatterton, Eyre (8 January 2021).
464:assassinated Prem Narain, however,
13:
1275:Orissa District Gazetteers: Mandla
902:also known as Aman das (1482–1543)
14:
1604:
1562:Mishra, Suresh (1 January 2008).
1136:
881:
617:
1568:(in Hindi). Rajkamal Prakashan.
1408:Pradesh (India), Madhya (1989).
1294:Pradesh (India), Madhya (1992).
1246:West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010).
211:
186:
36:
1555:
1418:
1382:
1351:. Concept Publishing Company.
1157:
1034:
557:in Saugor. The anthropologist
1:
1427:Indian Dissertation Abstracts
957:
630:was controlled by particular
565:. In 1799 Mandla fell to the
642:was further subdivided into
572:
7:
1442:Imperial Gazetteer of India
1414:. Government Central Press.
1372:Sil, Jogendra Nath (1917).
1300:. Government Central Press.
90:And Other Central languages
10:
1609:
1430:. Popular Prakashan. 1988.
719:Chaiturgarh Lafagarh-Korba
507:jagirdars in the kingdom.
493:
398:because it was safer than
304:
938:Narendra Shah (1688–1732)
763:Bhanwargarh (Narsinghpur)
227:
165:
151:
146:
142:
132:
122:
118:
110:
102:
94:
76:
49:
33:
28:
23:Garha Kingdom of Gondwana
21:
1460:. Taylor & Francis.
1297:Madhya Pradesh: Balaghat
1216:Chandra, Satish (2005).
944:Shivraj Shah (1742–1749)
941:Maharaj Shah (1732–1742)
932:Chhatra Shah (1668–1685)
917:Chandra Shah (1566–1576)
834:Chowkigarh (Hoshangabad)
605:Emblem of Gondwana State
1481:Chauhan, D. S. (1966).
1252:. Infobase Publishing.
953:Narhar Shah (1776–1781)
935:Kesari Shah (1685–1688)
896:Arjun Singh (1448–1482)
893:Gorakshadas (1422–1448)
760:Nimuagarh (Narsinghpur)
742:Jhanjhangarh (Jabalpur)
579:Third Anglo-Maratha War
417:sent his forces led by
1318:Sharma, Anima (2005).
1137:Datta, Saurav Ranjan.
1116:. Manak Publications.
1110:Miśra, Sureśa (2007).
950:Nizam Shah (1749–1776)
851:Punagarh (Narsinghpur)
567:Bhonsla king of Nagpur
535:Maratha king of Nagpur
134:• Disestablished
1411:Madhya Pradesh: Seoni
1348:The Gonds of Vidarbha
983:The Story Of Gondwana
733:Pachelgarh (Jabalpur)
593:and were executed by
423:capture Garha in 1564
394:moved her capital to
77:Common languages
16:Former Indian kingdom
444:and half-brother of
436:After some years of
1042:"The Gond kingdoms"
748:Diyagarh (Jabalpur)
727:Tipagarh (Balaghat)
650:53 Garh of Gondwana
268:Maratha Confederacy
124:• Established
1020:. Hachette India.
986:. Read Books Ltd.
947:Durjan Shah (1749)
890:Kharji (1385–1422)
754:Amargarh (Dindori)
739:Dongartal (Nagpur)
595:blowing from a gun
383:-queen) who was a
207:Marathas of Saugor
1575:978-81-267-1549-7
1467:978-1-351-59694-7
1358:978-81-8069-474-5
1259:978-1-4381-1913-7
1229:978-81-241-1066-9
1202:978-93-5492-829-1
1150:978-93-93209-19-1
1123:978-81-7827-185-9
1027:978-93-5195-153-7
993:978-1-5287-6963-1
848:Opadgarh (Bhopal)
730:Kanoja (Jabalpur)
716:Karvagarh (Seoni)
689:Madogarh (Mandla)
547:Bhandara District
545:and some part of
543:Balaghat District
501:Bakht Buland Shah
375:, was married to
297:And Some Part Of
262:and was based in
237:
236:
223:
222:
219:
218:
199:
198:
194:Kalachuri Dynasty
98:Hinduism, Gondism
1600:
1579:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:, p. 34138.
1517:
1511:
1510:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1315:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1167:. Archived from
1161:
1155:
1154:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
998:
997:
977:
837:Karubag (Raisen)
757:Devhar (Dindori)
692:Amoda (Jabalpur)
612:Gondwana Kingdom
344:and most of the
311:Kalchuri Rajputs
215:
214:
203:
202:
190:
189:
183:
182:
167:
166:
40:
19:
18:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1406:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1316:
1305:
1292:
1283:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1108:
1104:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1012:
1001:
994:
978:
965:
960:
884:
879:
736:Bagmar (Mandla)
652:
620:
607:
575:
563:Saugor Marathas
539:Mudhoji Bhonsle
519:Balaji Baji Rao
496:
408:sultan of Malwa
400:Singorgarh fort
307:
212:
187:
154:
135:
125:
72:
67:
62:
57:
45:
44:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1524:
1512:
1473:
1466:
1446:
1433:
1417:
1397:
1381:
1364:
1357:
1337:
1330:
1303:
1281:
1265:
1258:
1235:
1228:
1208:
1201:
1181:
1156:
1149:
1129:
1122:
1102:
1063:
1051:
1033:
1026:
999:
992:
962:
961:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:Rani Durgawati
909:
903:
897:
894:
891:
883:
882:List of Rulers
880:
878:
877:
874:
868:
862:
857:
852:
849:
846:
843:
838:
835:
832:
827:
822:
816:
811:
806:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
720:
717:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
690:
687:
682:
677:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:
648:
619:
618:Administration
616:
606:
603:
591:Revolt of 1857
574:
571:
551:Sagar Marathas
528:Sagar Marathas
523:Sagar Marathas
495:
492:
450:Rani Durgavati
429:region by the
412:Mughal Emperor
392:Rani Durgavati
377:Rani Durgawati
371:His successor
306:
303:
275:Madhya Pradesh
243:, also called
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
209:
200:
197:
196:
191:
179:
178:
173:
163:
162:
155:
152:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
78:
74:
73:
51:
47:
46:
42:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1605:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1331:9788170999898
1327:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1171:on 2018-02-13
1170:
1166:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1061:, p. 44.
1060:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
995:
989:
985:
984:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
963:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
920:Madhukar Shah
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
887:
875:
873:(Hoshangabad)
872:
869:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
615:
613:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:Stephen Fuchs
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
524:
520:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Jhujhar Singh
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
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1079:. Retrieved
1073:
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1016:
982:
900:Sangram Shah
885:
876:Garh Katanga
643:
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627:
623:
621:
608:
583:Shankar Shah
576:
532:
512:Sangram Shah
509:
497:
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442:Sangram Shah
435:
370:
362:Rasratnamala
361:
349:
330:Sangram Shah
319:
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283:Chhattisgarh
272:
259:
256:
248:
245:Garha Mandla
244:
240:
238:
176:Succeeded by
175:
170:
153:• Total
1543:12 December
1520:Mishra 2008
1493:: 154–161.
1378:. J.N. Sil.
1059:Mishra 2008
1046:downtoearth
929:(1634–1668)
923:Prem Narain
914:(1550–1564)
908:(1543–1550)
906:Dalpat Shah
662:Singhorgarh
589:during the
555:Khurai fort
514:. In 1742,
446:Dalpat Shah
419:Asaf Khan I
406:, the last
404:Baz Bahadur
373:Dalpat Shah
366:Singhorgarh
354:Narsinghpur
295:Maharashtra
171:Preceded by
71:(1634–1781)
66:(1564–1634)
61:(1488–1564)
59:Singhorgarh
56:(1116–1488)
1539:. Naidunia
1175:2018-02-12
958:References
927:Hridayshah
867:(Bilaspur)
865:Partabgarh
860:Gourjhamar
845:Bhanwaraso
698:(Jabalpur)
676:Ginnorgarh
490:district.
476:Hridayshah
470:Hridayshah
396:Chouragarh
390:princess.
270:in 1781.
103:Government
64:Chouragarh
1499:2249-1937
1091:cite book
803:Garhpahra
793:Garhakota
788:Madiyadoh
773:Shahnagar
751:Bankagarh
745:Santagarh
696:Patangarh
672:Rahatgarh
573:Aftermath
313:of Garha-
299:Telangana
287:Jharkhand
251:, was an
95:Religion
1587:Category
1537:Naidunia
1507:44140413
871:Fatehpur
825:Khimlasa
798:Shahgarh
712:Ghansour
640:chourasi
636:chourasi
599:Jabalpur
587:Jabalpur
484:Ramnagar
427:Gondwana
385:Chandela
358:Sanskrit
257:Rajgonds
106:Monarchy
88:Sanskrit
69:Ramnagar
29:157–1781
1394:. 2013.
1081:1 April
821:(Sagar)
805:(Sagar)
778:Dhamoni
723:Raigarh
702:Chourai
644:barhots
626:, each
494:Decline
480:Mughals
346:Satpura
322:Rajputs
305:History
253:Ancient
111:History
50:Capital
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769:-Karhi
685:Makrai
680:Bhopal
667:Kurwai
638:. The
516:Peshwa
505:Pathan
488:Mandla
466:Mughal
462:Orchha
438:Mughal
388:Rajput
334:Bhopal
326:Paswan
324:, and
315:Mandla
291:Odisha
114:
1503:JSTOR
855:Deori
814:Rehli
809:Damoh
783:Hatta
767:Pawai
707:Bargi
657:Garha
454:Akbar
431:Gonds
415:Akbar
342:Damoh
338:Sagar
260:Kings
232:India
84:Hindi
81:Gondi
54:Garha
1570:ISBN
1545:2020
1495:ISSN
1462:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1197:ISBN
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1118:ISBN
1097:link
1083:2023
1022:ISBN
988:ISBN
830:Badi
819:Itwa
632:Gond
628:garh
624:garh
381:Rani
350:Garh
239:The
159:42th
147:Area
138:1781
597:in
486:of
460:of
452:by
421:to
247:or
128:157
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