Gastroesophageal reflux disease

1880:

protein-free formula. They may also be treated with medicines such as ranitidine or proton pump inhibitors. Proton pump inhibitors, however, have not been found to be effective in this population and there is a lack of evidence for safety. The role of an occupational therapist with an infant with GERD includes positioning during and after feeding. One technique used is called the log-roll technique, which is practiced when changing an infant's clothing or diapers. Placing an infant on their back while having their legs lifted is not recommended since it causes the acid to flow back up the esophagus. Instead, the occupational therapist would suggest rolling the child on the side, keeping the shoulders and hips aligned to avoid acid rising up the baby's esophagus. Another technique used is feeding the baby on their side with an upright position instead of lying flat on their back. The final positioning technique used for infants is to keep them on their stomach or upright for 20 minutes after feeding.

1799:. In this procedure, the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. It is recommended only for those who do not improve with PPIs. Quality of life is improved in the short term compared to medical therapy, but there is uncertainty in the benefits of surgery versus long-term medical management with proton pump inhibitors. When comparing different fundoplication techniques, partial posterior fundoplication surgery is more effective than partial anterior fundoplication surgery, and partial fundoplication has better outcomes than total fundoplication. 58: 1813:(FDA) approved a device called the LINX, which consists of a series of metal beads with magnetic cores that are placed surgically around the lower esophageal sphincter, for those with severe symptoms that do not respond to other treatments. Improvement of GERD symptoms is similar to those of the Nissen fundoplication, although there is no data regarding long-term effects. Compared to Nissen fundoplication procedures, the procedure has shown a reduction in complications such as 1440: 7673: 1284: 1276: 1338: 1728:. If a once-daily PPI is only partially effective they may be used twice a day. They should be taken one half to one hour before a meal. There is no significant difference between PPIs. When these medications are used long-term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. H 1675:, and to consume small frequent meals and drink liquids between meals. Some evidence suggests that reduced sugar intake and increased fiber intake can help. Although moderate exercise may improve symptoms in people with GERD, vigorous exercise may worsen them. Breathing exercises may relieve GERD symptoms. 1861:

GERD is a common condition that develops during pregnancy, but usually resolves after delivery. The severity of symptoms tend to increase throughout the pregnancy. In pregnancy, dietary modifications and lifestyle changes may be attempted, but often have little effect. Some lifestyle changes that can

1888:

In Western populations, GERD affects approximately 10% to 20% of the population and 0.4% newly develop the condition. For instance, an estimated 3.4 million to 6.8 million Canadians have GERD. The prevalence rate of GERD in developed nations is also tightly linked with age, with adults aged 60 to 70

1291:

Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough,

1670:

Some foods such as chocolate, mint, high-fat food, and alcohol have been shown to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the risk of reflux. Weight loss is recommended for the overweight or obese, as well as avoidance of bedtime snacks or lying down immediately after meals (meals should

1104:

Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery for those who do not improve with the first two measures. Lifestyle changes include not lying down for three hours after eating, lying down on the left side, raising the pillow or bedhead height, losing weight, and

1933:

uses electrodes to apply radio-frequency energy to the LES. A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis in response to the systematic review (no meta-analysis) conducted by SAGES did not support the claims that Stretta was an effective treatment for GERD. A 2012 systematic review found that it

1879:

Babies may see relief with smaller, more frequent feedings, more frequent burping during feedings, holding the baby in an upright position 30 minutes after feeding, keeping the baby's head elevated while laying on the back, removing milk and soy from the mother's diet or feeding the baby milk

1136:

with 18% to 28% of the population suffering from the condition. Occasional gastroesophageal reflux without troublesome symptoms or complications is even more common. The classic symptoms of GERD were first described in 1925, when Friedenwald and Feldman commented on heartburn and its possible

1488:

The current gold standard for diagnosis of GERD is esophageal pH monitoring. It is the most objective test to diagnose the reflux disease and allows monitoring GERD patients in their response to medical or surgical treatment. One practice for diagnosis of GERD is a short-term treatment with

1866:

are recommended if these changes are not effective; aluminum- and magnesium hydroxide-based antacids are also safe. Antacids that contain sodium bicarbonate or magnesium trisilicate should be avoided in pregnancy. Sucralfate has been studied in pregnancy and proven to be safe as is

4545:

Kurian AA, Bhayani N, Sharata A, et al. (January 2013). "Partial anterior vs partial posterior fundoplication following transabdominal esophagocardiomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus: meta-regression of objective postoperative gastroesophageal reflux and dysphagia".

1905:

branches that innervate the stomach lining. This treatment has been largely replaced by medication. Vagotomy by itself tended to worsen contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach, and delayed stomach emptying. Historically, vagotomy was combined with

1299:, together with intact enamel along the gum margin. It will be evident in people with restorations as tooth structure typically dissolves much faster than the restorative material, causing it to seem as if it "stands above" the surrounding tooth structure. 1671:

occur at least 2–3 hours before bedtime), elevation of the head of the bed on 6-inch blocks, avoidance of smoking, and avoidance of tight clothing that increases pressure in the stomach. It may be beneficial to avoid spices, citrus juices, tomatoes and

1266:

Of the estimated 4 million babies born in the US each year, up to 35% of them may have difficulties with reflux in the first few months of their lives, known as 'spitting up'. About 90% of infants will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday.

1862:

be implemented are elevating the head of the bed, eating small portions of food at regularly scheduled intervals, reduce fluid intake with a meal, avoid eating three hours before bedtime, and refrain from lying down after eating. Calcium-based

1504:, the examination of the stomach with a fibre-optic scope, is not routinely needed if the case is typical and responds to treatment. It is recommended when people either do not respond well to treatment or have alarm symptoms, including 1705:. The use of acid suppression therapy is a common response to GERD symptoms and many people get more of this kind of treatment than their case merits. The overuse of acid suppression is a problem because of the side effects and costs. 1937:

NDO Surgical Plicator creates a plication, or fold, of tissue near the gastroesophageal junction, and fixates the plication with a suture-based implant. The company ceased operations in mid-2008, and the device is no longer on the

1259:, and other respiratory problems, such as wheezing. Inconsolable crying, refusing food, crying for food and then pulling off the bottle or breast only to cry for it again, failure to gain adequate weight, bad breath, and 1520:, weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate either once-in-a-lifetime or 5- to 10-yearly endoscopy for people with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of dysplasia or Barrett's esophagus. 2298:

Parker M (June 2010). "Book Review: Krause's Food and Nutrition TherapyMahanLKEscott-StumpS. Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; (2007). 1376 pp, $ $ 149.95. ISBN: 978-1-4160-3401-8".

5547:

Perry KA, Banerjee A, Melvin WS (August 2012). "Radiofrequency energy delivery to the lower esophageal sphincter reduces esophageal acid exposure and improves GERD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

1381:

is associated with more severe GERD. In a large series of 2,000 patients with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been shown that 13% of changes in esophageal acid exposure is attributable to changes in body mass

5830: 5815: 5800: 5785: 1805:

is an alternative procedure that is sometimes used to treat neurologically impaired children with GERD. Preliminary studies have shown it may have a lower failure rate and a lower incidence of recurrent reflux.

1458:

The diagnosis of GERD is usually made when typical symptoms are present. Reflux can be present in people without symptoms and the diagnosis requires both symptoms or complications and reflux of stomach content.

4801: 3317:"Obesity and gastroesophageal reflux: quantifying the association between body mass index, esophageal acid exposure, and lower esophageal sphincter status in a large series of patients with reflux symptoms" 1926:

Endocinch puts stitches in the lower esophogeal sphincter (LES) to create small pleats to help strengthen the muscle. However, long-term results were disappointing, and the device is no longer sold by Bard.

3739:

Numans ME, Lau J, de Wit NJ, Bonis PA (April 2004). "Short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors as a test for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics".

1591:

Severity may be documented with the Johnson-DeMeester's scoring system: 0 – None 1 – Minimal – occasional episodes 2 – Moderate – medical therapy visits 3 – Severe – interference with daily activities

1817:

that commonly occur. Adverse responses include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, vomiting, and nausea. Contraindications that would advise against use of the device are patients who are or may be

3937: 5512:

Lipka S, Kumar A, Richter JE (June 2015). "No evidence for efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

5239: 3827: 2136: 2130: 1667:

Medical nutrition therapy plays an essential role in managing the symptoms of the disease by preventing reflux, preventing pain and irritation, and decreasing gastric secretions.

4978:

Body C, Christie JA (June 2016). "Gastrointestinal Diseases in Pregnancy: Nausea, Vomiting, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Constipation, and Diarrhea".

2559:

Zajac P, Holbrook A, Super ME, et al. (March–April 2013). "An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia".

1431:

study, reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these two types of patients with regard to the subjective or objective measures of disease severity.

5111: 4630:

Gatti C, di Abriola GF, Villa M, et al. (May 2001). "Esophagogastric dissociation versus fundoplication: Which is best for severely neurologically impaired children?".

1889:

being the most commonly affected. In the United States 20% of people have symptoms in a given week and 7% every day. No data supports sex predominance with regard to GERD.

6769: 5176:

van der Pol RJ, Smits MJ, van Wijk MP, et al. (May 2011). "Efficacy of proton-pump inhibitors in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review".

5306:"Canadian Digestive Health Foundation Public Impact Series: Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Canada: Incidence, prevalence, and direct and indirect economic impact" 4798: 2839:

Lechien JR, Bobin F, Muls V, et al. (December 2019). "Gastroesophageal reflux in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients: Clinical features and therapeutic response".

7247: 1325:. The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia is uncertain, but is estimated at 20% of cases. Due to the risk of chronic heartburn progressing to Barrett's, 1251:

since they cannot describe what they are feeling and indicators must be observed. Symptoms may vary from typical adult symptoms. GERD in children may cause repeated

5133:

Tighe MP, Afzal NA, Bevan A, Beattie RM (2009). "Current pharmacological management of gastro-esophageal reflux in children: an evidence-based systematic review".

3405:

Kasasbeh A, Kasasbeh E, Krishnaswamy G (2007). "Potential mechanisms connecting asthma, esophageal reflux, and obesity/sleep apnea complex—a hypothetical review".

2937: 1105:

stopping smoking. Foods that may precipitate GERD symptoms include coffee, alcohol, chocolate, fatty foods, acidic foods, and spicy foods. Medications include

1760:(a prokinetic) is not recommended either alone or in combination with other treatments due to concerns around adverse effects. The benefit of the prokinetic 2342: 1844:

Some patients who are at an increased surgical risk or do not tolerate PPIs may qualify for a more recently developed incisionless procedure known as a TIF

2796:

Lechien JR, Saussez S, Karkos PD (December 2018). "Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapeutic challenges in 2018".

2056: 5947: 3553:"There is no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori" 3288:

Ayazi S, Crookes PF, Peyre CG, et al. (September 2007). "Objective documentation of the link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity".

4713:

Goyal A, Khalil B, Choo K, et al. (June 2005). "Esophagogastric dissociation in the neurologically impaired: an alternative to fundoplication?".

3957: 5630: 3930: 3165: 6451: 3789: 3186: 2923: 7693: 1787:

receptor, while effective, has similar issues of needing frequent dosing in addition to greater adverse effects compared to other medications.

1635:

The treatments for GERD may include food choices, lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a

5591:

Testoni PA, Vailati C (August 2012). "Transoral incisionless fundoplication with EsophyX® for treatment of gastro-oesphageal reflux disease".

5231: 7579: 7401: 7240: 2884:"Review article: supra-oesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and the role of night-time gastro-oesophageal reflux" 2038: 7447: 6046: 3820: 2053:"reflux noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes - Oxford Advanced American Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com" 2125: 2020: 2537: 2498: 2219: 2004:

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as 'gastrooesophageal reflux' associated with complications including oesophagitis...

954: 6085: 5023:"American gastroenterological association institute medical position statement on the use of gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy" 4820:"Long-term outcomes of transoral incisionless fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease: systematic-review and meta-analysis" 1481:

may be useful in those who do not improve after PPIs and is not needed in those in whom Barrett's esophagus is seen. Investigation for

1627:. Differential diagnosis of GERD can also include dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, esophageal and gastric cancer, and food allergies. 7609: 5103: 1647:. This is often safer and less expensive than taking prescription drugs. Some guidelines recommend trying to treat symptoms with an 7233: 4129:

Newberry C, Lynch K (20 July 2017). "Can We Use Diet to Effectively Treat Esophageal Disease? A Review of the Current Literature".

1190:. The acid reflux can induce asthma attack symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing in those with underlying asthma. 5940: 1959: 3473:

O'Connor HJ (February 1999). "Helicobacter pylori and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-clinical implications and management".

51:

British: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD); gastric reflux disease, acid reflux disease, reflux, gastroesophageal reflux

7627: 7594: 6313: 5668: 4591:"Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: total or partial fundoplication? systematic review and meta-analysis" 3807: 3516:

El-Omar EM, Oien K, El-Nujumi A, et al. (1997). "Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion".

2964: 2531: 2492: 2213: 1997: 1941: 1845: 1454:: This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing. 6225: 5965: 3715: 2700: 2400: 3716:"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3681:"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2401:"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2366:"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2163:"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 5845: 4818:

Testoni, S, Hassan, C, Mazzoleni, G, Antonelli, G, Fanti, L, Passaretti, S, Correale, L, Cavestro, G, Testoni, P (2021).

2774: 2595: 1556:(EE) if eosinophils are present in high enough numbers. Less than 20 eosinophils per high-power microscopic field in the 1295:

Signs of enamel erosion are the appearance of a smooth, silky-glazed, sometimes dull, enamel surface with the absence of

76:) entering the esophagus (three vertical collections of white material in the mid-line of the chest) due to severe reflux 7426: 6526: 5933: 538: 4498:"Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults" 1990:

Gastroenterology & Nutrition: Prepare for the MRCPCH. Key Articles from the Paediatrics & Child Health journal

7198: 7045: 495: 3853: 2070: 7644: 7584: 6943: 4316:

Nardino RJ, Vender RJ, Herbert PN (November 2000). "Overuse of acid-suppressive therapy in hospitalized patients".

1684: 4678:

Morabito A, Lall A, Lo Piccolo R, et al. (May 2006). "Total esophagogastric dissociation: 10 years' review".

1263:

are also common. Children may have one symptom or many; no single symptom is universal in all children with GERD.

7084: 6696: 6679: 6184: 6179: 2941: 2334: 1837:

materials. A warning advises that the device should not be used by patients who could be exposed to, or undergo,

947: 1489:

proton-pump inhibitors, with improvement in symptoms suggesting a positive diagnosis. Short-term treatment with

6938: 6894: 6788: 6610: 6209: 4090:"Are lifestyle measures effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? An evidence-based approach" 2052: 1620: 911: 7149: 6995: 1201:– inflammation of esophageal epithelium which can cause ulcers near the junction of the stomach and esophagus 544: 4808:, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Update of 17 January 2014 6904: 6423: 6031: 1964: 1810: 1802: 701: 4869:"Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication for Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Where Do We Stand?" 6118: 5469:

Jafri SM, Arora G, Triadafilopoulos G (July 2009). "What is left of the endoscopic antireflux devices?".

3162: 1493:

may help predict abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring results among patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD.

1217:(changes of the epithelial cells from squamous to intestinal columnar epithelium) of the distal esophagus 896: 3783: 3182: 1193:

GERD sometimes causes injury to the esophagus. These injuries may include one or more of the following:

7698: 7663: 6484: 6413: 6014: 5638: 2883: 1838: 1463: 1354: 1329:

every five years is recommended for people with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD.

1326: 1078: 940: 414: 285: 1779:

receptor blockers; however, sucralfate needs to be taken multiple times a day, thus limiting its use.

1560:

esophagus, in the presence of other histologic features of GERD, is more consistent with GERD than EE.

6757: 6713: 6666: 6472: 6090: 5261:

Elser HE (2012). "Positioning after feedings: what is the evidence to reduce feeding intolerances?".

1969: 1474: 1220: 1155: 1066: 1007: 519: 5700: 3243:"Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter?" 2254:

Hershcovici T, Fass R (April 2011). "Pharmacological management of GERD: where does it stand now?".

7103: 6783: 6418: 6376: 6189: 6064: 6051: 6021: 5992: 5856: 1616: 1553: 1478: 1228: 1094: 1062: 983: 916: 330: 2034: 7632: 7028: 6805: 6546: 6338: 5997: 1477:

is not recommended for use in the diagnosis, being recommended only prior to surgery. Ambulatory

876: 783: 471: 440: 253: 2016: 7589: 7332: 7108: 6832: 6815: 6199: 6075: 6026: 5987: 5957: 5695: 1745: 1713: 1644: 1549: 1490: 1314: 1308: 1210: 1035: 870: 341: 266: 7225: 5896: 5794: 3366:"Is there a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease?" 2521: 2482: 2203: 1345:

A small amount of acid reflux is typical even in healthy people (as with infrequent and minor

1085:

and the esophagus. Diagnosis among those who do not improve with simpler measures may involve

7468: 7356: 7040: 6959: 6948: 6909: 6837: 6140: 1796: 1656: 1636: 1118: 901: 776: 652: 612: 390: 22: 4172:

Festi D, Scaioli E, Baldi F, Vestito A, Pasqui F, Di Biase AR, Colecchia A (14 April 2009).

3753: 1413:

In 1999, a review of existing studies found that, on average, 40% of GERD patients also had

7483: 7079: 7023: 6844: 6740: 6323: 6318: 6152: 6070: 6036: 1607:

should be ruled out before making the diagnosis. Another kind of acid reflux, which causes

1232: 1204: 1098: 1057:, and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the disease include 1031: 886: 838: 572: 346: 334: 262: 4266:"Decreased acid suppression therapy overuse after education and medication reconciliation" 8: 7173: 6983: 6876: 6859: 6820: 6793: 6745: 6588: 6565: 6558: 6507: 6479: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6308: 5925: 5834: 5686:

Hirano I, Richter JE (March 2007). "ACG practice guidelines: esophageal reflux testing".

4918:"Update on novel endoscopic therapies to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review" 4408:"Meta-analysis: the efficacy of over-the-counter gastro-oesophageal reflux disease drugs" 1954: 906: 817: 718: 682: 607: 582: 529: 73: 2753: 7488: 7317: 7185: 7050: 7033: 7018: 7005: 6988: 6854: 6489: 6381: 6353: 6287: 6113: 6009: 5974: 5839: 5824: 5721: 5573: 5494: 5446: 5413: 5389: 5356: 5332: 5305: 5201: 5158: 4944: 4917: 4893: 4868: 4844: 4819: 4776: 4749: 4571: 4522: 4497: 4437: 4380: 4355: 4295: 4200: 4173: 4154: 4065: 4040: 4011: 3986: 3765: 3582: 3498: 3341: 3316: 3270: 3218: 3201: 3105: 3080: 3064: 3037: 3013: 2986: 2913: 2864: 2821: 2766: 2669: 2644: 2617: 2590: 2458: 2425: 1814: 1513: 743: 534: 231: 57: 4473: 4456: 4329: 3529: 3382: 3365: 3301: 2426:"Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review" 1132:, between 10 and 20% of the population is affected by GERD. It is highly prevalent in 7163: 7144: 6517: 5867: 5756: 5713: 5709: 5655: 5608: 5565: 5529: 5486: 5451: 5433: 5429: 5394: 5376: 5337: 5286: 5278: 5205: 5193: 5150: 5146: 5085: 5044: 5003: 4995: 4949: 4898: 4849: 4781: 4730: 4695: 4657: 4612: 4563: 4527: 4478: 4429: 4424: 4407: 4385: 4333: 4287: 4246: 4205: 4146: 4111: 4070: 4016: 3903: 3895: 3803: 3757: 3702: 3648: 3574: 3569: 3552: 3533: 3490: 3486: 3449: 3422: 3387: 3346: 3262: 3258: 3223: 3145: 3141: 3110: 3018: 2960: 2905: 2900: 2868: 2856: 2813: 2758: 2674: 2656: 2622: 2527: 2488: 2463: 2445: 2387: 2316: 2271: 2209: 2184: 1993: 1930: 1911: 1353:

develop into a recurrent problem. Frequent acid reflux is due to poor closure of the

1322: 1138: 793: 602: 491: 481: 422: 350: 317: 219: 5725: 5162: 4607: 4590: 4441: 4299: 4158: 3769: 3502: 3274: 2918: 2825: 7558: 7210: 7130: 7125: 7115: 6977: 6849: 6777: 6595: 6502: 6497: 6427: 6386: 6194: 6159: 5746: 5705: 5647: 5600: 5577: 5557: 5521: 5498: 5478: 5441: 5425: 5384: 5368: 5327: 5317: 5270: 5185: 5142: 5075: 5034: 4987: 4939: 4929: 4888: 4880: 4839: 4831: 4771: 4761: 4726: 4722: 4691: 4687: 4647: 4639: 4602: 4575: 4555: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4468: 4419: 4375: 4367: 4325: 4277: 4236: 4195: 4185: 4138: 4101: 4060: 4052: 4006: 3998: 3887: 3749: 3692: 3638: 3564: 3525: 3482: 3414: 3377: 3336: 3328: 3297: 3254: 3213: 3137: 3100: 3092: 3059: 3049: 3008: 2998: 2895: 2848: 2805: 2770: 2748: 2738: 2664: 2612: 2604: 2568: 2453: 2437: 2377: 2308: 2263: 2174: 1583:

Reflux changes that are not erosive in nature lead to "nonerosive reflux disease".

1548:

Eosinophilic inflammation (usually due to reflux): The presence of intraepithelial

1187: 833: 828: 708: 592: 587: 554: 524: 476: 354: 224: 194: 174: 89: 5907: 5676: 3723: 3586: 2408: 7677: 7371: 7168: 7098: 6964: 6899: 6864: 6735: 6600: 6536: 6438: 6357: 6348: 6298: 6238: 6123: 6100: 5861: 5561: 5482: 5274: 5039: 5022: 4805: 4559: 3697: 3680: 3169: 2809: 2692: 2382: 2365: 2179: 2162: 1826: 1378: 1207:– the persistent narrowing of the esophagus caused by reflux-induced inflammation 1171: 1090: 994:, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion, 808: 763: 713: 663: 640: 634: 577: 549: 326: 7265: 5913: 5735:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 5064:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 4371: 4002: 3627:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3054: 2484:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Principles of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment

1371:, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors. 7638: 7205: 7120: 6674: 6647: 6512: 6447: 6443: 6333: 6303: 5910: 5872: 4106: 4089: 3441: 3418: 2572: 2441: 2267: 1757: 1467: 1058: 921: 748: 658: 597: 514: 5651: 5604: 5525: 4991: 4142: 3891: 3332: 3096: 2726: 1423:

can lead to an increase in acid secretion, leading to the question of whether

7687: 7493: 7411: 7327: 7274: 7138: 7091: 6884: 6827: 6810: 6722: 6467: 6294: 6169: 6135: 6080: 5437: 5380: 5282: 4999: 4934: 4056: 4041:"Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: What the clinician needs to know" 3899: 3854:"Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (Silent Reflux): Causes, Treatment, Diet, and More" 2660: 2449: 2320: 2312: 1690: 1648: 1604: 1427:-infected GERD patients are any different from non-infected GERD patients. A 1368: 1154:

The most common symptoms of GERD in adults are an acidic taste in the mouth,

1133: 1129: 1110: 1054: 1011: 881: 802: 733: 486: 382: 309: 69: 5809: 4766: 4643: 4241: 4224: 4174:"Body weight, lifestyle, dietary habits and gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3878:

Kellerman R, Kintanar T (December 2017). "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease".

1922:

A number of endoscopic devices have been tested to treat chronic heartburn.

1623:(EERD). Unlike GERD, LPR rarely produces heartburn, and is sometimes called 1349:), but gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease when 7538: 7478: 7396: 7386: 7376: 7366: 7257: 7013: 6925: 6798: 6701: 6652: 6637: 6632: 6628: 6541: 6366: 6282: 6174: 6164: 6130: 5760: 5717: 5659: 5612: 5569: 5533: 5490: 5398: 5341: 5290: 5197: 5189: 5154: 5089: 5048: 5007: 4953: 4902: 4853: 4785: 4734: 4699: 4661: 4616: 4567: 4531: 4482: 4433: 4389: 4337: 4291: 4250: 4209: 4150: 4115: 4074: 4020: 3931:

Using the Proton Pump Inhibitors to Treat Heartburn and Stomach Acid Reflux

3907: 3761: 3706: 3652: 3578: 3494: 3453: 3426: 3391: 3350: 3266: 3227: 3149: 3114: 3022: 2909: 2860: 2817: 2762: 2678: 2626: 2467: 2391: 2275: 2188: 1907: 1834: 1749: 1702: 1538: 1428: 1407: 926: 861: 843: 738: 728: 668: 5455: 5322: 4225:"The effect of breathing exercises on patients with GERD: a meta-analysis" 3537: 3003: 2608: 7543: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7473: 7416: 7406: 7341: 7302: 7193: 6955: 6933: 6764: 6684: 6328: 6229: 5982: 5891: 5751: 5734: 5080: 5063: 3643: 3626: 2743: 2727:"ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus" 2074: 1902: 1841:(MRI) because of serious injury to the patient and damage to the device. 1608: 1443: 1390: 1198: 1167: 1163: 1122: 1086: 1027: 1003: 823: 758: 753: 466: 461: 451: 394: 322: 292: 258: 29: 4884: 4835: 4190: 7563: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7452: 7442: 7437: 7391: 7381: 7312: 7307: 7297: 7292: 7287: 6969: 6642: 6620: 6265: 6204: 4652: 4589:

Ramos RF, Lustosa SA, Almeida CA, et al. (October–December 2011).

4282: 4265: 2852: 1868: 1772: 1725: 1717: 1672: 1643:. In some cases, a person with GERD symptoms can manage them by taking 1640: 1600: 1395: 1318: 1214: 1179: 1019: 1015: 788: 678: 456: 446: 373: 245: 5777: 7553: 7548: 7503: 7498: 7346: 6919: 6889: 6752: 6730: 6583: 6434: 6408: 6270: 6260: 6147: 6108: 6041: 5902: 5819: 5372: 2926:

from the original on 4 October 2023 – via Wiley Online Library.

1761: 1577: 1572: 1542: 1505: 1501: 1447: 1415: 1346: 1159: 1046: 999: 995: 991: 866: 301: 241: 237: 28:"Acid reflex" redirects here. For the song by Oscar Jackson Jr., see 3242: 2955:

Maqbool A, Liacouras CA (2020). "Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena".

2335:"Best Sleeping Position For Acid Reflux: The Gerd Sleeping Position" 6553: 6531: 6243: 5303: 3802:

Mills, S (ed.) 2009.Sternberg's Diagnostic Pathology. 5th Edition.

2882:

Fass R, Achem SR, Harding S, Mittal RK, Quigley E (December 2004).

1898: 1863: 1822: 1780: 1753: 1741: 1698: 1439: 1403: 1296: 1256: 1252: 1183: 813: 644: 630: 5412:

HINES JR, GEURKINK RE, KORNMESSER TA, WIKHOLM L, DAVIS RP (1975).

1689:

The primary medications used for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors,

1662: 6605: 6371: 6275: 6247: 4799:

Medical Device Approvals: LINX Reflux Management System - P100049

2035:"Definition of "esophagus" - Collins American English Dictionary" 1818: 1451: 1374: 1358: 1260: 1106: 1082: 1050: 1042: 987: 798: 648: 436: 378: 305: 297: 5850: 4457:"The role of laparoscopic fundoplication in Barrett's esophagus" 3241:

Piesman M, Hwang I, Maydonovitch C, et al. (October 2007).

2523:

Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach

2131:

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

1026:. In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as 7255: 7071: 6689: 6575: 5804: 5789: 5629:

Lichtenstein DR, Cash BD, Davila R, et al. (August 2007).

5357:"Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" 4754:

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

3679:

Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF, et al. (October 2008).

2364:

Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF, et al. (October 2008).

2017:"Definition of "gastro-" - Collins American English Dictionary" 1830: 1612: 1557: 1523: 1517: 1509: 1386:

Factors that have been linked with GERD, but not conclusively:

1244: 1175: 1074: 1023: 891: 358: 5411: 4677: 4629: 3551:

Fallone CA, Barkun AN, Mayrand S, et al. (October 2004).

3183:"Patient information: Barrett's esophagus (Beyond the Basics)" 1530:

Edema and basal hyperplasia (nonspecific inflammatory changes)

1141:

described reflux and attributed the symptoms to stomach acid.

148: 137: 134: 6521: 6251: 5550:

Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques

5175: 1470: 1248: 1070: 673: 180: 65: 5304:

Fedorak RN, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S, Bridges R (July 2010).

5104:"Infant acid reflux - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic" 4750:"Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3404: 3240: 1137:

relationship to a hiatal hernia. In 1934 gastroenterologist

200: 5628: 5232:"Helping Baby with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD)" 3958:"Choosing a PPI to Treat Heartburn, Acid Reflux & GERD" 2423: 1848:. Benefits of this procedure may last for up to six years. 1399: 1010:, non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as 688: 125: 107: 5955: 5468: 4544: 4454: 3515: 2838: 2725:

Shaheen NJ, Falk GW, Iyer PG, et al. (January 2016).

131: 119: 4263: 4038: 3678: 3550: 3038:"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and oral manifestations" 2424:

El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J (June 2014).

2363: 1283: 1275: 197: 177: 157: 110: 95: 92: 4588: 4171: 4087: 3821:"Testing for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3818: 2480: 1563:

Goblet cell intestinal metaplasia or Barrett's esophagus

5236:

Occupational Therapy Services in North County San Diego

4712: 4455:

Abbas AE, Deschamps C, Cassivi SD, et al. (2004).

3315:

Ayazi S, Hagen JA, Chan LS, et al. (August 2009).

3314: 2984: 1944:, which uses a device called Esophyx, may be effective. 1901:("highly selective vagotomy"), the surgical removal of 1795:

The standard surgical treatment for severe GERD is the

1337: 5132: 3287: 2881: 2558: 2487:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 161. 7661: 4915: 2724: 2071:"GORD | Meaning & Definition for UK English" 1732:

receptor blockers lead to roughly a 40% improvement.

1077:

medicines. Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the

990:

content persistently and regularly flows up into the

163: 160: 151: 122: 116: 113: 98: 5767: 4315: 3738: 2795: 2160: 1536:

Neutrophilic inflammation (usually due to reflux or

203: 183: 154: 145: 104: 101: 5546: 5414:"Vagotomy and Double Pyloroplasty for Peptic Ulcer" 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 4916:Hopkins J, Switzer NJ, Karmali S (25 August 2015). 4264:Gupta R, Marshall J, Munoz JC, et al. (2013). 4039:Heidelbaugh JJ, Kim AH, Chang R, Walker PC (2012). 2987:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion" 142: 128: 4223:Qiu K, Wang J, Chen B, Wang H, Ma C (March 2020). 3984: 3363: 3308: 2526:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 372. 2208:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 124. 2161:Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF (October 2008). 5511: 4405: 3936:(Report). Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs. 2013. 3877: 2519: 7685: 5212: 3364:Morse CA, Quan SF, Mays MZ, et al. (2004). 2954: 5229: 4817: 4349: 4347: 4311: 4309: 4222: 4034: 4032: 4030: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3448:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 3439: 2720: 2718: 2253: 1663:Medical nutrition therapy and lifestyle changes 1446:image of peptic stricture, or narrowing of the 5732: 5590: 5061: 4747: 3624: 2642: 404:~15% (North American and European populations) 7580:Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline 7241: 5941: 5685: 5669:"Role of endoscopy in the management of GERD" 5631:"Role of endoscopy in the management of GERD" 5361:Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 5020: 4128: 3281: 3130:Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 3035: 2959:(21st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 1406:, which can affect the ability to neutralize 1321:, which is in turn a precursor condition for 948: 6047:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction 4977: 4495: 4344: 4306: 4088:Kaltenbach T, Crockett S, Gerson LB (2006). 4027: 3973: 3914: 3732: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3472: 3398: 3234: 2985:Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ (2012). 2715: 2481:Granderath FA, Kamolz T, Pointner R (2006). 1279:Frontal view of severe tooth erosion in GERD 4922:World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4866: 4401: 4399: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3078: 2584: 2582: 1748:=13) while a combination of an antacid and 1341:A comparison of a healthy condition to GERD 21:"GERD" redirects here. For other uses, see 16:Flow of stomach contents into the esophagus 7248: 7234: 6086:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis 5948: 5934: 5733:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 5062:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 4538: 4448: 4270:International Journal of Clinical Practice 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3625:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 3193: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2888:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2249: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1981: 955: 941: 56: 5750: 5699: 5540: 5445: 5388: 5355:Kim YS, Kim N, Kim GH (30 October 2016). 5354: 5331: 5321: 5079: 5055: 5038: 4980:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 4943: 4933: 4892: 4843: 4775: 4765: 4651: 4606: 4521: 4472: 4423: 4379: 4353: 4281: 4240: 4199: 4189: 4105: 4064: 4010: 3812: 3796: 3696: 3642: 3568: 3381: 3340: 3217: 3104: 3063: 3053: 3012: 3002: 2917: 2899: 2752: 2742: 2668: 2616: 2457: 2381: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2178: 2156: 2154: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 1992:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 130. 1708: 1594: 5514:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4396: 4045:Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 3987:"Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors" 3785:Patient information: Barrett's esophagus 3593: 2645:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)" 2588: 2579: 2552: 2357: 2126:"Acid Reflux (GER & GERD) in Adults" 1438: 1336: 1282: 1274: 5505: 5126: 4502:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4165: 4081: 3754:10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00011 3659: 3127: 2973: 1987: 1960:EndoStim Electrical Stimulation Therapy 1756:) may improve symptoms by 60% (NNT=4). 1744:is weaker with a benefit of about 10% ( 1720:, are the most effective, followed by H 1526:performed during gastroscopy may show: 1357:, which is at the junction between the 1350: 1231:(LPR). Other complications can include 1081:, which is at the junction between the 368:Lifestyle changes, medications, surgery 72:from the stomach (white material below 7686: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4496:Garg SK, Gurusamy KS (November 2015). 4406:Tran T, Lowry AM, El-Serag HB (2007). 4356:"Overprescribing PPIs: An old problem" 3199: 3189:from the original on 9 September 2017. 3036:Romano C, Cardile S (11 August 2014). 2297: 2226: 2222:from the original on 8 September 2017. 2151: 2089: 1851: 1533:Lymphocytic inflammation (nonspecific) 1302: 1238: 7694:Medical conditions related to obesity 7595:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin 7229: 7070: 6314:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 5929: 5260: 4673: 4671: 3943:from the original on 22 February 2020 3792:from the original on 9 September 2017 3081:"Erosion--diagnosis and risk factors" 2638: 2636: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2201: 2139:from the original on 22 February 2020 2059:from the original on 8 December 2015. 2041:from the original on 8 December 2015. 2023:from the original on 8 December 2015. 1942:Transoral incisionless fundoplication 1846:transoral incisionless fundoplication 1659:because of cost and safety concerns. 1364:Factors that can contribute to GERD: 1144: 5739:American Journal of Gastroenterology 5688:American Journal of Gastroenterology 5310:Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5068:American Journal of Gastroenterology 4318:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3631:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3440:Tanaja J, Lopez RA, Meer JM (2022), 3290:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3247:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3128:Donovan T (2009). "Dental erosion". 2798:Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2777:from the original on 7 November 2020 2697:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 5471:Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4960: 3833:from the original on 20 August 2018 2596:The New England Journal of Medicine 2540:from the original on 5 January 2020 2501:from the original on 1 January 2020 1569:Thinning of the squamous cell layer 1292:hoarse voice, nausea and vomiting. 1243:GERD may be difficult to detect in 13: 5622: 4668: 3851: 2991:International Journal of Dentistry 2940:. familydoctor.org. Archived from 2643:Clarrett DM, Hachem C (May 2018). 2633: 2520:Arcangelo VP, Peterson AM (2006). 2345:from the original on 26 April 2021 2282: 2256:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1473:should not be used for diagnosis. 539:Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome 14: 7710: 7199:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 7046:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 5021:Mahadevan U, Kane S (July 2006). 4178:World Journal of Gastroenterology 3985:Forgacs I, Loganayagam A (2008). 3302:10.14309/00000434-200709002-00059 2703:from the original on 22 July 2021 2591:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" 1462:Other investigations may include 976:gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 7671: 7585:Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin 6944:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis 5710:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00936.x 5673:National Guideline Clearinghouse 5430:10.1097/00000658-197501000-00010 5230:chantelpowellot (14 July 2014). 5147:10.2165/00148581-200911030-00004 5114:from the original on 14 May 2020 4867:Jain D, Singhal S (March 2016). 4425:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03135.x 4131:Current Gastroenterology Reports 3720:National Guideline Clearinghouse 3570:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02171.x 3487:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00460.x 3259:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01348.x 3142:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00291.x 3079:Lussi A, Jaeggi T (March 2008). 2901:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02253.x 2405:National Guideline Clearinghouse 1685:Drugs for acid-related disorders 193: 173: 88: 6185:Gastric antral vascular ectasia 6180:Portal hypertensive gastropathy 6057:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 5584: 5462: 5405: 5348: 5297: 5254: 5242:from the original on 4 May 2021 5169: 5096: 5014: 4909: 4860: 4811: 4792: 4741: 4706: 4623: 4608:10.1590/s0004-28032011000400007 4582: 4489: 4257: 4216: 4122: 3871: 3845: 3776: 3544: 3509: 3466: 3433: 3357: 3175: 3172:. Retrieved on 1 February 2009. 3156: 3121: 3072: 3029: 2948: 2930: 2875: 2832: 2789: 2685: 2513: 2474: 2417: 2327: 1883: 1767: 1398:, which can impede the flow of 1162:. Less common symptoms include 968:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 43:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 6939:Primary sclerosing cholangitis 6789:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 6611:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 4727:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.03.004 4692:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.013 4514:10.1002/14651858.CD003243.pub3 3819:Michael F. Vaezi, MD PhD MSc. 2301:Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2195: 2063: 2045: 2027: 2009: 1775:has similar effectiveness to H 1678: 1621:extraesophageal reflux disease 1615:signs and symptoms, is called 1419:infection. The eradication of 912:Social determinants of obesity 1: 6996:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction 4748:Badillo R, Francis D (2014). 4595:Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 4474:10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01352-3 4330:10.1016/s0002-9270(00)02052-9 4229:Annals of Palliative Medicine 3530:10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70075-1 3383:10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00347-7 3042:Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2957:Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 1988:Carroll W (14 October 2016). 1975: 1174:(also known as water brash), 545:Metabolically healthy obesity 6905:Postcholecystectomy syndrome 6424:Intestinal pseudoobstruction 6032:Esophageal motility disorder 5562:10.1097/sle.0b013e3182582e92 5483:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832ad8b4 5275:10.1097/ANC.0b013e318256b7c1 5040:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.048 4824:Endoscopy International Open 4715:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4680:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4632:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4560:10.1001/jamasurgery.2013.409 3698:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.045 3370:Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol 3085:Clinical Oral Investigations 2810:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000486 2561:Osteopathic Family Physician 2383:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.045 2180:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.044 2073:. Lexico.com. Archived from 1965:Esophageal motility disorder 1856: 1811:Food and Drug Administration 1803:Esophagogastric dissociation 1630: 1496: 1434: 1287:Severe tooth erosion in GERD 702:Obesity-associated morbidity 7: 5593:Digestive and Liver Disease 4372:10.1136/bmj.39458.462338.3A 4003:10.1136/bmj.39406.449456.BE 3742:Annals of Internal Medicine 3055:10.1186/1824-7288-40-S1-A73 2173:(4): 1392–1413, 1413.e1–5. 1948: 1917: 1735: 1724:receptor blockers, such as 1586: 1552:may suggest a diagnosis of 1450:near the junction with the 897:Obesity and the environment 10: 7715: 6890:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis 6414:Functional colonic disease 6210:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 5639:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4461:Annals of Thoracic Surgery 4107:10.1001/archinte.166.9.965 3419:10.1016/j.smrv.2006.05.001 2573:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005 2442:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269 2268:10.1016/j.tips.2011.02.007 1892: 1839:magnetic resonance imaging 1790: 1682: 1566:Elongation of the papillae 1464:esophagogastroduodenoscopy 1355:lower esophageal sphincter 1306: 1255:, effortless spitting up, 1079:lower esophageal sphincter 312:, taking certain medicines 286:lower esophageal sphincter 284:Inadequate closure of the 27: 20: 7622: 7603: 7572: 7461: 7425: 7355: 7326: 7273: 7184: 7063: 7004: 6918: 6875: 6721: 6712: 6665: 6619: 6574: 6460: 6347: 6237: 6224: 6099: 6091:Acute esophageal necrosis 5973: 5964: 5882: 5771: 5652:10.1016/j.gie.2007.05.027 5605:10.1016/j.dld.2012.03.019 5526:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.10.013 5263:Advances in Neonatal Care 4992:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.005 4354:McKay AB, Wall D (2008). 4143:10.1007/s11894-017-0578-5 3892:10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.001 3691:(4): 1383–91, 1391.e1–5. 3333:10.1007/s11605-009-0930-7 3097:10.1007/s00784-007-0179-z 2376:(4): 1383–91, 1391.e1–5. 1970:Esophageal motility study 1914:to counter this problem. 1897:An obsolete treatment is 1874: 1332: 1221:Esophageal adenocarcinoma 1149: 1067:tricyclic antidepressants 520:Classification of obesity 400: 372: 364: 340: 316: 291: 280: 272: 252: 230: 218: 80: 64: 55: 47: 42: 6190:Gastric dumping syndrome 6065:Laryngopharyngeal reflux 6052:Diffuse esophageal spasm 4935:10.4253/wjge.v7.i11.1039 4804:10 November 2013 at the 4057:10.1177/1756283X12437358 2313:10.1177/0884533610362901 1783:, an agonist of the GABA 1617:laryngopharyngeal reflux 1554:eosinophilic esophagitis 1479:esophageal pH monitoring 1270: 1095:esophageal pH monitoring 1063:calcium channel blockers 984:gastrointestinal disease 917:Social stigma of obesity 331:esophageal pH monitoring 7303:Lavoltidine (loxtidine) 6806:Alcoholic liver disease 6339:Bile acid malabsorption 6283:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer 4767:10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i3.105 4644:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22935 4242:10.21037/apm.2020.02.35 3163:and Barrett's Esophagus 2938:"Spitting Up in Babies" 1934:improves GERD symptoms. 1516:(detected chemically), 1485:is not usually needed. 1391:Obstructive sleep apnea 1317:, a type of intestinal 877:Fat acceptance movement 784:Anti-obesity medication 472:Gestational weight gain 7590:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin 7427:Potassium-competitive 7357:Proton-pump inhibitors 6816:Hepatic encephalopathy 6200:Buried bumper syndrome 6131:Peptic (gastric) ulcer 6015:Mallory–Weiss syndrome 5958:human digestive system 5190:10.1542/peds.2010-2719 4412:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3557:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3475:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1714:Proton-pump inhibitors 1709:Proton-pump inhibitors 1645:over-the-counter drugs 1595:Differential diagnosis 1491:proton-pump inhibitors 1455: 1342: 1288: 1280: 1227:GERD sometimes causes 1119:proton pump inhibitors 982:) is a chronic upper 391:proton pump inhibitors 342:Differential diagnosis 7613:eradication protocols 7469:Aceglutamide aluminum 7041:Pancreatic pseudocyst 6910:Porcelain gallbladder 6022:Zenker's diverticulum 5679:on 28 September 2010. 3321:J. Gastrointest. Surg 3168:19 April 2015 at the 2737:(1): 30–50, quiz 51. 2609:10.1056/NEJMcp0804684 1797:Nissen fundoplication 1657:proton-pump inhibitor 1637:proton-pump inhibitor 1442: 1340: 1286: 1278: 1205:Esophageal strictures 1041:Risk factors include 902:Obesity and sexuality 777:Management of obesity 653:Binge eating disorder 613:Waist-to-height ratio 263:esophageal strictures 7484:Arbaclofen placarbil 6845:Hepatorenal syndrome 6784:Budd–Chiari syndrome 6741:Autoimmune hepatitis 6566:Intestinal adhesions 6324:Short bowel syndrome 6153:Functional dyspepsia 6071:Esophageal stricture 6037:Nutcracker esophagus 5752:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 5081:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 3644:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 2744:10.1038/ajg.2015.322 2731:Am. J. Gastroenterol 2589:Kahrilas PJ (2008). 1475:Esophageal manometry 1233:aspiration pneumonia 1229:injury of the larynx 1172:increased salivation 1164:pain with swallowing 1099:esophageal manometry 1032:esophageal stricture 887:Health at Every Size 839:Weight loss coaching 573:Body adiposity index 347:Peptic ulcer disease 335:esophageal manometry 248:, breathing problems 7611:Helicobacter pylori 6984:Choledocholithiasis 6855:Metabolic disorders 6821:Acute liver failure 6794:Portal hypertension 6746:Alcoholic hepatitis 6589:Radiation proctitis 6508:Mesenteric ischemia 6480:Gastroenterocolitis 6309:Blind loop syndrome 6119:Ménétrier's disease 6027:Barrett's esophagus 5323:10.1155/2010/296584 4885:10.5946/ce.2015.044 4836:10.1055/a-1322-2209 4366:(7636): 109.1–109. 4191:10.3748/wjg.15.1690 3004:10.1155/2012/479850 2205:In a Page: Medicine 2135:. 5 November 2015. 2077:on 11 February 2022 1955:Acid perfusion test 1852:Special populations 1361:and the esophagus. 1315:Barrett's esophagus 1309:Barrett's esophagus 1303:Barrett's esophagus 1239:Children and babies 1211:Barrett's esophagus 1036:Barrett's esophagus 907:Sedentary lifestyle 719:Fatty liver disease 683:Starvation response 583:Body fat percentage 530:Genetics of obesity 267:Barrett's esophagus 7649:Never to phase III 7489:Bismuth subcitrate 7159:Undefined location 7150:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft 7051:Pancreatic fistula 7034:Pancreatic abscess 6989:Biliary dyskinesia 6960:Mirizzi's syndrome 6461:Large and/or small 6141:Dieulafoy's lesion 6010:Boerhaave syndrome 5883:External resources 5108:www.mayoclinic.org 4873:Clinical Endoscopy 4283:10.1111/ijcp.12046 3726:on 17 August 2010. 3200:Sontag SJ (1999). 3091:(Suppl 1): S5–13. 2944:on 8 October 2008. 2894:(Suppl 9): 26–38. 2853:10.1002/lary.28482 2411:on 17 August 2010. 1815:gas bloat syndrome 1514:blood in the stool 1456: 1351:signs and symptoms 1343: 1289: 1281: 1223:– a form of cancer 1145:Signs and symptoms 744:Obesity and cancer 625:Related conditions 535:Metabolic syndrome 7699:Stomach disorders 7659: 7658: 7223: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7059: 7058: 6661: 6660: 6518:Bowel obstruction 6220: 6219: 5923: 5922: 5520:(6): 1058–67.e1. 5418:Annals of Surgery 4830:(C2): E239–E246. 4094:Arch. Intern. Med 3808:978-0-7817-7942-5 2966:978-0-323-52950-1 2649:Missouri Medicine 2533:978-0-7817-5784-3 2494:978-3-211-32317-5 2341:. 22 April 2019. 2215:978-0-7817-7035-4 1999:978-0-7020-7092-1 1931:Stretta procedure 1912:gastroenterostomy 1809:In 2012 the U.S. 1740:The evidence for 1695:receptor blockers 1323:esophageal cancer 1313:GERD may lead to 1139:Asher Winkelstein 1115:receptor blockers 1018:, reflux-induced 965: 964: 794:Bariatric surgery 603:Relative Fat Mass 492:Childhood obesity 482:Weight management 423:Human body weight 408: 407: 387:receptor blockers 351:esophageal cancer 318:Diagnostic method 37:Medical condition 7706: 7676: 7675: 7674: 7667: 7559:Zinc L-carnosine 7250: 7243: 7236: 7227: 7226: 7211:Pneumoperitoneum 7068: 7067: 6978:Common bile duct 6860:Wilson's disease 6850:Peliosis hepatis 6719: 6718: 6596:Proctalgia fugax 6503:Abdominal angina 6428:Ogilvie syndrome 6377:Pseudomembranous 6235: 6234: 6195:Gastric volvulus 6160:Pyloric stenosis 5971: 5970: 5956:Diseases of the 5950: 5943: 5936: 5927: 5926: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5729: 5703: 5680: 5675:. Archived from 5666:Lay summary in: 5663: 5635: 5617: 5616: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5449: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5373:10.5056/jnm16138 5352: 5346: 5345: 5335: 5325: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5227: 5210: 5209: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5083: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5042: 5027:Gastroenterology 5018: 5012: 5011: 4975: 4958: 4957: 4947: 4937: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4896: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4847: 4815: 4809: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4779: 4769: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4675: 4666: 4665: 4655: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4610: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4525: 4508:(11): CD003243. 4493: 4487: 4486: 4476: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4427: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4383: 4351: 4342: 4341: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4285: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4244: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4203: 4193: 4184:(14): 1690–701. 4169: 4163: 4162: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4068: 4036: 4025: 4024: 4014: 3982: 3971: 3968: 3965:Consumer Reports 3962: 3955:Lay summary in: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3912: 3911: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3816: 3810: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3722:. Archived from 3713:Lay summary in: 3710: 3700: 3685:Gastroenterology 3676: 3657: 3656: 3646: 3622: 3591: 3590: 3572: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3518:Gastroenterology 3513: 3507: 3506: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3442:"Cholelithiasis" 3437: 3431: 3430: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3385: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3344: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3221: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3179: 3173: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3108: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3057: 3048:(Suppl 1): A73. 3033: 3027: 3026: 3016: 3006: 2982: 2971: 2970: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2921: 2903: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2847:(8): E479–E489. 2836: 2830: 2829: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2756: 2746: 2722: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2672: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2620: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2461: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2407:. Archived from 2398:Lay summary in: 2395: 2385: 2370:Gastroenterology 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2295: 2280: 2279: 2251: 2224: 2223: 2202:Kahan S (2008). 2199: 2193: 2192: 2182: 2167:Gastroenterology 2158: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2122: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2013: 2007: 2006: 1985: 1716:(PPIs), such as 1701:with or without 1599:Other causes of 1188:globus sensation 957: 950: 943: 834:Weight loss camp 829:Obesity medicine 709:Arteriosclerosis 593:Corpulence index 588:Body Shape Index 555:Set point theory 525:Exercise paradox 509:Medical concepts 477:Diet (nutrition) 431:General concepts 410: 409: 355:esophageal spasm 225:Gastroenterology 210: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 170: 169: 166: 165: 162: 159: 156: 153: 150: 147: 144: 140: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 106: 103: 100: 97: 94: 60: 40: 39: 7714: 7713: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7670: 7662: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7639:Clinical trials 7618: 7599: 7568: 7457: 7428: 7421: 7372:Dexlansoprazole 7359: 7351: 7331: 7322: 7278: 7269: 7254: 7224: 7215: 7180: 7169:Internal hernia 7055: 7000: 6965:Biliary fistula 6923: 6914: 6900:Adenomyomatosis 6895:Cholesterolosis 6871: 6865:Hemochromatosis 6736:Viral hepatitis 6708: 6657: 6615: 6601:Rectal prolapse 6570: 6537:Fecal impaction 6527:Intussusception 6490:Crohn's disease 6456: 6439:Toxic megacolon 6351: 6349:Large intestine 6343: 6288:Curling's ulcer 6241: 6239:Small intestine 6228: 6216: 6124:Gastroenteritis 6095: 5960: 5954: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5878: 5877: 5780: 5701:10.1.1.619.3818 5667: 5633: 5625: 5623:Further reading 5620: 5589: 5585: 5545: 5541: 5510: 5506: 5467: 5463: 5410: 5406: 5353: 5349: 5302: 5298: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5228: 5213: 5174: 5170: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5060: 5056: 5019: 5015: 4976: 4961: 4928:(11): 1039–44. 4914: 4910: 4865: 4861: 4816: 4812: 4806:Wayback Machine 4797: 4793: 4746: 4742: 4711: 4707: 4676: 4669: 4628: 4624: 4587: 4583: 4543: 4539: 4494: 4490: 4453: 4449: 4404: 4397: 4352: 4345: 4324:(11): 3118–22. 4314: 4307: 4262: 4258: 4221: 4217: 4170: 4166: 4127: 4123: 4086: 4082: 4037: 4028: 3983: 3974: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3929: 3928: 3915: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3801: 3797: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3737: 3733: 3714: 3677: 3660: 3623: 3594: 3549: 3545: 3514: 3510: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3456: 3438: 3434: 3403: 3399: 3362: 3358: 3313: 3309: 3286: 3282: 3253:(10): 2128–34. 3239: 3235: 3206:Yale J Biol Med 3202:"Defining GERD" 3198: 3194: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3170:Wayback Machine 3161: 3157: 3126: 3122: 3077: 3073: 3034: 3030: 2983: 2974: 2967: 2953: 2949: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2880: 2876: 2837: 2833: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2723: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2641: 2634: 2587: 2580: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2534: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2495: 2479: 2475: 2422: 2418: 2399: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2296: 2283: 2252: 2227: 2216: 2200: 2196: 2159: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2124: 2123: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1951: 1920: 1895: 1886: 1877: 1859: 1854: 1827:stainless steel 1793: 1786: 1778: 1770: 1738: 1731: 1723: 1711: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1665: 1655:before using a 1652: 1633: 1597: 1589: 1499: 1437: 1379:body mass index 1335: 1311: 1305: 1273: 1241: 1152: 1147: 1114: 1091:upper GI series 1059:benzodiazepines 961: 932: 931: 857: 849: 848: 809:Caloric deficit 779: 769: 768: 764:Type 2 diabetes 714:Atherosclerosis 704: 694: 693: 664:Hyperthyroidism 641:Eating disorder 626: 618: 617: 608:Waist–hip ratio 578:Body mass index 568: 560: 559: 550:Obesity paradox 510: 502: 501: 432: 386: 327:upper GI series 236:Taste of acid, 214: 196: 192: 176: 172: 141: 91: 87: 38: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7712: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7681: 7680: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7647: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7434: 7432: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7363: 7361: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7338: 7336: 7328:Prostaglandins 7324: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7284: 7282: 7276: 7271: 7270: 7253: 7252: 7245: 7238: 7230: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7206:Hemoperitoneum 7203: 7202: 7201: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7076: 7074: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7010: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6930: 6928: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6862: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6808: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6750: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6727: 6725: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6677: 6675:Blood in stool 6671: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6648:Anal dysplasia 6645: 6640: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6591: 6580: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6515: 6513:Angiodysplasia 6510: 6505: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6448:Diverticulosis 6444:Diverticulitis 6441: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6421: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6369: 6363: 6361: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6334:Milroy disease 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6304:Tropical sprue 6301: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6257: 6255: 6232: 6226:Lower GI tract 6222: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6105: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5979: 5977: 5968: 5966:Upper GI tract 5962: 5961: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5899: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5864: 5853: 5842: 5827: 5812: 5797: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772:Classification 5766: 5765: 5730: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5618: 5583: 5539: 5504: 5461: 5404: 5367:(4): 575–588. 5347: 5296: 5269:(3): 172–175. 5253: 5211: 5168: 5141:(3): 185–202. 5135:Paediatr Drugs 5125: 5095: 5054: 5013: 4986:(2): 267–283. 4959: 4908: 4859: 4810: 4791: 4740: 4721:(6): 915–919. 4705: 4686:(5): 919–922. 4667: 4638:(5): 677–680. 4622: 4581: 4537: 4488: 4447: 4395: 4343: 4305: 4256: 4235:(2): 405–413. 4215: 4164: 4121: 4080: 4051:(4): 219–232. 4026: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3913: 3886:(4): 561–573. 3870: 3844: 3811: 3795: 3775: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3658: 3592: 3543: 3508: 3465: 3432: 3397: 3356: 3307: 3280: 3233: 3212:(2–3): 69–80. 3192: 3174: 3155: 3136:(6): 359–364. 3120: 3071: 3028: 2972: 2965: 2947: 2929: 2874: 2831: 2804:(6): 392–402. 2788: 2714: 2684: 2655:(3): 214–218. 2632: 2603:(16): 1700–7. 2578: 2551: 2532: 2512: 2493: 2473: 2436:(6): 871–880. 2416: 2414: 2413: 2356: 2326: 2281: 2225: 2214: 2194: 2150: 2088: 2062: 2044: 2026: 2008: 1998: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1919: 1916: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1873: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1792: 1789: 1784: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1758:Metoclopramide 1737: 1734: 1729: 1721: 1710: 1707: 1692: 1683:Main article: 1680: 1677: 1664: 1661: 1650: 1632: 1629: 1596: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1546: 1534: 1531: 1498: 1495: 1468:Barium swallow 1436: 1433: 1411: 1410: 1393: 1384: 1383: 1372: 1334: 1331: 1307:Main article: 1304: 1301: 1272: 1269: 1240: 1237: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1208: 1202: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1112: 1073:, and certain 963: 962: 960: 959: 952: 945: 937: 934: 933: 930: 929: 924: 922:Weight cutting 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 864: 858: 856:Social aspects 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 811: 806: 796: 791: 786: 780: 775: 774: 771: 770: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 749:Osteoarthritis 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 705: 700: 699: 696: 695: 692: 691: 686: 676: 671: 666: 661: 659:Food addiction 656: 638: 627: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 598:Lean body mass 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 569: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 552: 547: 542: 532: 527: 522: 517: 515:Adipose tissue 511: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 433: 430: 429: 426: 425: 419: 418: 406: 405: 402: 398: 397: 384: 376: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 344: 338: 337: 320: 314: 313: 295: 289: 288: 282: 278: 277: 274: 270: 269: 256: 250: 249: 234: 228: 227: 222: 216: 215: 213: 212: 84: 82: 78: 77: 62: 61: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7711: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7679: 7669: 7668: 7665: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7602: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7494:Carbenoxolone 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7429:acid blockers 7424: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7412:Tenatoprazole 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7272: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7251: 7246: 7244: 7239: 7237: 7232: 7231: 7228: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7183: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7080:Diaphragmatic 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6921: 6917: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885:Cholecystitis 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6828:Liver abscess 6826: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6811:Liver failure 6809: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6468:Enterocolitis 6466: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6295:Malabsorption 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6211: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6170:Gastroparesis 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Cushing ulcer 6134: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081:Megaesophagus 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5774: 5770: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5745:(3): 308–28. 5744: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5694:(3): 668–85. 5693: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5646:(2): 219–24. 5645: 5641: 5640: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5465: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5184:(5): 925–35. 5183: 5179: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5074:(3): 308–28. 5073: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5033:(1): 278–82. 5032: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4879:(2): 147–56. 4878: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4760:(3): 105–12. 4759: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4601:(4): 252–60. 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4418:(2): 143–53. 4417: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4400: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4348: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4310: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4100:(9): 965–71. 4099: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3997:(7634): 2–3. 3996: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3966: 3959: 3954: 3953: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3748:(7): 518–27. 3747: 3743: 3735: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3637:(3): 308–28. 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3481:(2): 117–27. 3480: 3476: 3469: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407:Sleep Med Rev 3401: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3327:(8): 1440–7. 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3188: 3185:. June 2009. 3184: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2721: 2719: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693:"Esophagitis" 2688: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2516: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262:(4): 258–64. 2261: 2257: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2155: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2012: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1870: 1865: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1788: 1782: 1774: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1668: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1625:silent reflux 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605:heart disease 1602: 1592: 1584: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1380: 1377:: increasing 1376: 1373: 1370: 1369:Hiatal hernia 1367: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1339: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1293: 1285: 1277: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213:– intestinal 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156:regurgitation 1142: 1140: 1135: 1134:North America 1131: 1130:Western world 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1108: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:hiatal hernia 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:chronic cough 1009: 1008:regurgitation 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 958: 953: 951: 946: 944: 939: 938: 936: 935: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 882:Fat fetishism 880: 878: 875: 872: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 853: 852: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 819: 815: 812: 810: 807: 804: 803:List of diets 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 778: 773: 772: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 734:Heart disease 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 703: 698: 697: 690: 687: 684: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 654: 650: 646: 642: 639: 636: 632: 629: 628: 622: 621: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 564: 563: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 540: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 512: 506: 505: 497: 493: 490: 488: 487:Overnutrition 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 442: 438: 435: 434: 428: 427: 424: 421: 420: 416: 412: 411: 403: 399: 396: 392: 388: 380: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 360: 356: 352: 348: 345: 343: 339: 336: 332: 328: 324: 321: 319: 315: 311: 310:hiatal hernia 307: 303: 299: 296: 294: 290: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 268: 264: 260: 257: 255: 254:Complications 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 233: 229: 226: 223: 221: 217: 208: 188: 168: 86: 85: 83: 81:Pronunciation 79: 75: 71: 70:radiocontrast 67: 63: 59: 54: 50: 46: 41: 35: 31: 24: 19: 7610: 7607: 7573:Combinations 7539:Sulglicotide 7479:Alginic acid 7397:Pantoprazole 7387:Lansoprazole 7377:Esomeprazole 7367:Azeloprazole 7360:("-prazole") 7261: 7258:peptic ulcer 7158: 7137: 7014:Pancreatitis 6976: 6926:biliary tree 6799:Nutmeg liver 6776: 6702:Hematochezia 6653:Pruritus ani 6638:Anal abscess 6633:Anal fistula 6629:Anal fissure 6542:Constipation 6496: 6367:Appendicitis 6175:Gastroptosis 6165:Achlorhydria 6056: 6004: 5993:Eosinophilic 5901: 5890: 5866: 5855: 5844: 5829: 5814: 5799: 5784: 5742: 5738: 5691: 5687: 5677:the original 5672: 5643: 5637: 5599:(8): 631–5. 5596: 5592: 5586: 5556:(4): 283–8. 5553: 5549: 5542: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5477:(4): 352–7. 5474: 5470: 5464: 5424:(1): 40–46. 5421: 5417: 5407: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5316:(7): 431–4. 5313: 5309: 5299: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5244:. Retrieved 5235: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5118:28 September 5116:. Retrieved 5107: 5098: 5071: 5067: 5057: 5030: 5026: 5016: 4983: 4979: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4794: 4757: 4753: 4743: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4683: 4679: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4554:(1): 85–90. 4551: 4547: 4540: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4467:(2): 393–6. 4464: 4460: 4450: 4415: 4411: 4363: 4359: 4321: 4317: 4276:(1): 60–65. 4273: 4269: 4259: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4048: 4044: 3994: 3990: 3964: 3945:. Retrieved 3883: 3880:Primary Care 3879: 3873: 3861:. Retrieved 3857: 3847: 3835:. Retrieved 3814: 3798: 3784: 3778: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3724:the original 3719: 3688: 3684: 3634: 3630: 3563:(7): 761–8. 3560: 3556: 3546: 3524:(1): 15–24. 3521: 3517: 3511: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3457:, retrieved 3445: 3435: 3413:(1): 47–58. 3410: 3406: 3400: 3376:(9): 761–8. 3373: 3369: 3359: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3177: 3158: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3045: 3041: 3031: 2994: 2990: 2956: 2950: 2942:the original 2932: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2844: 2841:Laryngoscope 2840: 2834: 2801: 2797: 2791: 2779:. Retrieved 2734: 2730: 2705:. Retrieved 2696: 2687: 2652: 2648: 2600: 2594: 2567:(2): 79–85. 2564: 2560: 2554: 2542:. Retrieved 2522: 2515: 2503:. Retrieved 2483: 2476: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2409:the original 2404: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2347:. Retrieved 2338: 2329: 2304: 2300: 2259: 2255: 2204: 2197: 2170: 2166: 2141:. Retrieved 2129: 2079:. Retrieved 2075:the original 2065: 2047: 2029: 2011: 2003: 1989: 1983: 1921: 1908:pyloroplasty 1896: 1887: 1884:Epidemiology 1878: 1860: 1843: 1835:ferrous iron 1808: 1801: 1794: 1771: 1768:Other agents 1750:alginic acid 1739: 1712: 1703:alginic acid 1688: 1669: 1666: 1634: 1624: 1598: 1590: 1582: 1539:Helicobacter 1537: 1522: 1500: 1487: 1482: 1461: 1457: 1429:double-blind 1424: 1420: 1414: 1412: 1408:gastric acid 1385: 1363: 1344: 1312: 1294: 1290: 1265: 1242: 1226: 1192: 1153: 1127: 1103: 1040: 979: 975: 971: 967: 966: 927:Weight class 862:Comfort food 844:Yo-yo effect 739:Hypertension 729:Gynecomastia 723: 669:Malnutrition 567:Measurements 496:Epidemiology 441:Epidemiology 293:Risk factors 34: 18: 7635:from market 7544:Telenzepine 7519:Pirenzepine 7514:Lesogaberan 7509:Irsogladine 7474:Acetoxolone 7431:("-prazan") 7417:Timoprazole 7407:Rabeprazole 7402:Picoprazole 7342:Misoprostol 7335:("-prost-") 7281:("-tidine") 7279:antagonists 7194:Peritonitis 6956:Cholestasis 6934:Cholangitis 6877:Gallbladder 6765:Fatty liver 6685:Hematemesis 6667:GI bleeding 6473:Necrotizing 6402:Lymphocytic 6397:Collagenous 6392:Microscopic 6329:Steatorrhea 6230:Enteropathy 6076:Inlet patch 5998:Herpetiform 5983:Esophagitis 5892:MedlinePlus 4653:2108/311079 3947:21 February 3296:: S138–S9. 2143:21 February 2081:11 February 1903:vagus nerve 1764:is modest. 1679:Medications 1673:soft drinks 1609:respiratory 1550:eosinophils 1199:esophagitis 1168:sore throat 1123:prokinetics 1087:gastroscopy 1038:may arise. 1028:esophagitis 1004:odynophagia 824:Liposuction 759:Sleep apnea 754:Prediabetes 467:Weight loss 462:Weight gain 452:Underweight 395:prokinetics 323:Gastroscopy 259:Esophagitis 48:Other names 30:Acid Reflex 7688:Categories 7608:See also: 7564:Zolimidine 7534:Sucralfate 7529:Rebamipide 7524:Proglumide 7453:Vonoprazan 7448:Soraprazan 7443:Revaprazan 7438:Linaprazan 7392:Omeprazole 7382:Ilaprazole 7318:Roxatidine 7313:Ranitidine 7308:Nizatidine 7298:Lafutidine 7293:Famotidine 7288:Cimetidine 7256:Drugs for 7186:Peritoneal 7164:Incisional 7085:Congenital 7029:Hereditary 7006:Pancreatic 6970:Haemobilia 6643:Hemorrhoid 6621:Anal canal 6559:Infectious 6547:Functional 6382:Ulcerative 6266:Duodenitis 6205:Gastrinoma 5868:DiseasesDB 5178:Pediatrics 3863:30 October 3852:Stuart A. 3459:30 October 3446:StatPearls 2997:: 479850. 2339:SleepScore 2307:(3): 314. 1976:References 1871:and PPIs. 1869:ranitidine 1773:Sucralfate 1726:ranitidine 1718:omeprazole 1653:antagonist 1641:omeprazole 1601:chest pain 1444:Endoscopic 1396:Gallstones 1319:metaplasia 1297:perikymata 1215:metaplasia 1180:chest pain 1020:laryngitis 1016:hoarseness 789:Bariatrics 679:Starvation 457:Body shape 447:Overweight 374:Medication 246:chest pain 242:bad breath 7645:Phase III 7633:Withdrawn 7554:Troxipide 7549:Teprenone 7504:Gefarnate 7499:Cetraxate 7347:Enprostil 7333:analogues 7262:GERD/GORD 7174:Richter's 7131:Spigelian 7126:Obturator 7116:Umbilical 6949:Ascending 6920:Bile duct 6753:Cirrhosis 6731:Hepatitis 6714:Accessory 6584:Proctitis 6435:Megacolon 6409:Dysentery 6319:Whipple's 6271:Jejunitis 6261:Enteritis 6148:Dyspepsia 6109:Gastritis 6042:Achalasia 5975:Esophagus 5914:radio/300 5903:eMedicine 5696:CiteSeerX 5438:0003-4932 5381:2093-0879 5283:1536-0911 5206:207164814 5000:1558-1942 4548:JAMA Surg 4137:(8): 38. 3900:1558-299X 3837:20 August 2869:209482485 2781:7 October 2661:0026-6620 2544:28 August 2505:28 August 2450:0017-5749 2321:0884-5336 1857:Pregnancy 1762:mosapride 1752:(such as 1631:Treatment 1619:(LPR) or 1613:laryngeal 1578:Carcinoma 1573:Dysplasia 1543:gastritis 1506:dysphagia 1502:Endoscopy 1497:Endoscopy 1483:H. pylori 1448:esophagus 1435:Diagnosis 1425:H. pylori 1421:H. pylori 1416:H. pylori 1402:into the 1347:heartburn 1160:heartburn 1047:pregnancy 1000:heartburn 996:dysphagia 992:esophagus 986:in which 871:Criticism 867:Fast food 401:Frequency 365:Treatment 302:pregnancy 276:Long term 238:heartburn 220:Specialty 74:diaphragm 7678:Medicine 7104:Indirect 7099:Inguinal 6833:Pyogenic 6778:Vascular 6554:Diarrhea 6532:Volvulus 6498:Vascular 6437: / 6426: / 6387:Ischemic 6354:Appendix 6244:Duodenum 6114:Atrophic 5988:Candidal 5911:ped/1177 5761:23419381 5726:10854440 5718:17335450 5660:17643692 5613:22622203 5570:22874675 5534:25459556 5491:19342950 5399:27703114 5342:20652158 5291:22668689 5240:Archived 5198:21464183 5163:42736509 5155:19445547 5112:Archived 5090:23419381 5049:16831610 5008:27261898 4954:26322157 4903:26878326 4854:33553587 4802:Archived 4786:25133039 4735:15991170 4700:16677883 4662:11329564 4617:22147130 4568:23324843 4532:26544951 4483:14759403 4442:24358990 4434:17229239 4390:18202040 4338:11095327 4300:37158104 4292:23241049 4251:32233626 4210:19360912 4159:39516312 4151:28730507 4116:16682569 4075:22778788 4021:18174564 3938:Archived 3908:29132520 3828:Archived 3790:archived 3770:53088422 3762:15068979 3707:18789939 3653:23419381 3579:15379836 3503:41988457 3495:10102940 3454:29262107 3427:17198758 3392:15354276 3351:19475461 3275:11965042 3267:17573791 3228:10780568 3187:Archived 3166:Archived 3150:20002921 3115:18228059 3023:22194748 2924:Archived 2919:23673597 2910:15527462 2861:31876296 2826:52307468 2818:30234664 2775:Archived 2763:26526079 2754:10245082 2701:Archived 2679:30228725 2627:18923172 2538:Archived 2499:Archived 2468:23853213 2392:18789939 2349:26 April 2343:Archived 2276:21429600 2220:Archived 2189:18801365 2137:Archived 2057:Archived 2039:Archived 2021:Archived 1949:See also 1918:Research 1899:vagotomy 1864:antacids 1823:titanium 1819:allergic 1781:Baclofen 1754:Gaviscon 1742:antacids 1736:Antacids 1699:antacids 1639:such as 1603:such as 1587:Severity 1524:Biopsies 1518:wheezing 1404:duodenum 1257:coughing 1253:vomiting 1249:children 1184:coughing 1107:antacids 814:Exercise 645:Anorexia 631:Diabetes 415:a series 413:Part of 379:Antacids 273:Duration 232:Symptoms 68:showing 7145:Petit's 7121:Femoral 7024:Chronic 6838:Amoebic 6606:Anismus 6372:Colitis 6299:Coeliac 6276:Ileitis 6248:Jejunum 6101:Stomach 6005:Rupture 5908:med/857 5862:D005764 5578:5813552 5499:5280924 5456:1119866 5447:1343712 5390:5056567 5333:2918483 4945:4549661 4894:4821522 4845:7857958 4777:4133436 4576:9136476 4523:8278567 4381:2206261 4201:2668774 4066:3388523 4012:2174763 3538:9207257 3342:2710497 3219:2579007 3106:2238777 3065:4132436 3014:3238367 2771:2274838 2707:22 July 2670:6140167 2618:3058591 2459:4046948 2133:(NIDDK) 1938:market. 1893:History 1791:Surgery 1466:(EGD). 1452:stomach 1375:Obesity 1359:stomach 1261:burping 1245:infants 1197:Reflux 1128:In the 1083:stomach 1051:smoking 1043:obesity 988:stomach 818:outline 799:Dieting 649:Bulimia 437:Obesity 306:smoking 298:Obesity 7664:Portal 7628:WHO-EM 7462:Others 7139:Lumbar 7109:Direct 7092:Hiatus 7072:Hernia 6924:Other 6690:Melena 6576:Rectum 6059:(GERD) 5897:000265 5851:109350 5840:530.81 5759: 5724: 5716: 5698: 5658: 5611: 5576: 5568: 5532: 5497: 5489: 5454: 5444: 5436: 5397: 5387: 5379: 5340: 5330: 5289: 5281: 5204: 5196: 5161: 5153: 5088: 5047: 5006: 4998: 4952: 4942: 4901: 4891: 4852: 4842: 4784: 4774: 4733: 4698: 4660: 4615: 4574: 4566: 4530: 4520: 4481: 4440: 4432: 4388: 4378: 4336: 4298: 4290: 4249: 4208: 4198: 4157: 4149: 4114: 4073: 4063: 4019: 4009: 3906: 3898: 3806: 3768: 3760: 3705: 3651: 3587:922610 3585: 3577: 3536: 3501: 3493: 3452: 3425: 3390: 3349: 3339: 3273: 3265: 3226: 3216: 3148: 3113: 3103: 3062: 3021: 3011: 2963: 2916: 2908: 2867: 2859: 2824: 2816: 2769: 2761: 2751: 2677: 2667: 2659: 2625: 2615: 2530: 2491: 2466: 2456: 2448: 2390: 2319: 2274: 2212: 2187: 1996: 1875:Babies 1831:nickel 1558:distal 1510:anemia 1471:X-rays 1382:index. 1333:Causes 1186:, and 1176:nausea 1158:, and 1150:Adults 1121:, and 1075:asthma 1071:NSAIDs 1034:, and 1024:asthma 892:Hunger 635:Type 1 359:angina 281:Causes 211: 7064:Other 7019:Acute 6770:MASLD 6723:Liver 6697:Lower 6680:Upper 6522:Ileus 6358:Colon 6252:Ileum 6067:(LPR) 5873:23596 5820:10-CM 5722:S2CID 5634:(PDF) 5574:S2CID 5495:S2CID 5246:3 May 5202:S2CID 5159:S2CID 4572:S2CID 4438:S2CID 4296:S2CID 4155:S2CID 3961:(PDF) 3941:(PDF) 3934:(PDF) 3858:WebMD 3831:(PDF) 3824:(PDF) 3766:S2CID 3583:S2CID 3499:S2CID 3271:S2CID 2914:S2CID 2865:S2CID 2822:S2CID 2767:S2CID 1833:, or 1271:Mouth 1097:, or 1022:, or 974:) or 674:RED-S 191:GERD 171:GORD 66:X-ray 7330:(E)/ 7266:A02B 7260:and 6452:SCAD 5857:MeSH 5846:OMIM 5835:9-CM 5795:DA22 5757:PMID 5714:PMID 5656:PMID 5609:PMID 5566:PMID 5530:PMID 5487:PMID 5452:PMID 5434:ISSN 5395:PMID 5377:ISSN 5338:PMID 5287:PMID 5279:ISSN 5248:2021 5194:PMID 5151:PMID 5120:2018 5086:PMID 5045:PMID 5004:PMID 4996:ISSN 4950:PMID 4899:PMID 4850:PMID 4828:9(2) 4782:PMID 4731:PMID 4696:PMID 4658:PMID 4613:PMID 4564:PMID 4528:PMID 4506:2015 4479:PMID 4430:PMID 4386:PMID 4334:PMID 4288:PMID 4247:PMID 4206:PMID 4147:PMID 4112:PMID 4071:PMID 4017:PMID 3949:2020 3904:PMID 3896:ISSN 3865:2022 3839:2018 3804:ISBN 3758:PMID 3703:PMID 3649:PMID 3575:PMID 3534:PMID 3491:PMID 3461:2022 3450:PMID 3423:PMID 3388:PMID 3347:PMID 3263:PMID 3224:PMID 3146:PMID 3111:PMID 3019:PMID 2995:2012 2961:ISBN 2906:PMID 2857:PMID 2814:PMID 2783:2021 2759:PMID 2709:2021 2675:PMID 2657:ISSN 2623:PMID 2546:2017 2528:ISBN 2507:2017 2489:ISBN 2464:PMID 2446:ISSN 2388:PMID 2351:2021 2317:ISSN 2272:PMID 2210:ISBN 2185:PMID 2145:2020 2083:2022 1994:ISBN 1929:The 1697:and 1611:and 1400:bile 1247:and 980:GORD 972:GERD 724:GERD 689:PCOS 23:Gerd 6758:PBC 6485:IBD 6419:IBS 5831:ICD 5825:K21 5816:ICD 5810:K21 5801:ICD 5786:ICD 5747:doi 5743:108 5706:doi 5692:102 5648:doi 5601:doi 5558:doi 5522:doi 5479:doi 5442:PMC 5426:doi 5422:181 5385:PMC 5369:doi 5328:PMC 5318:doi 5271:doi 5186:doi 5182:127 5143:doi 5076:doi 5072:108 5035:doi 5031:131 4988:doi 4940:PMC 4930:doi 4889:PMC 4881:doi 4840:PMC 4832:doi 4772:PMC 4762:doi 4723:doi 4688:doi 4648:hdl 4640:doi 4603:doi 4556:doi 4552:148 4518:PMC 4510:doi 4469:doi 4420:doi 4376:PMC 4368:doi 4364:336 4360:BMJ 4326:doi 4278:doi 4237:doi 4196:PMC 4186:doi 4139:doi 4102:doi 4098:166 4061:PMC 4053:doi 4007:PMC 3999:doi 3995:336 3991:BMJ 3888:doi 3750:doi 3746:140 3693:doi 3689:135 3639:doi 3635:108 3565:doi 3526:doi 3522:113 3483:doi 3415:doi 3378:doi 3337:PMC 3329:doi 3298:doi 3294:102 3255:doi 3251:102 3214:PMC 3138:doi 3101:PMC 3093:doi 3060:PMC 3050:doi 3009:PMC 2999:doi 2896:doi 2849:doi 2845:130 2806:doi 2749:PMC 2739:doi 2735:111 2665:PMC 2653:115 2613:PMC 2605:doi 2601:359 2569:doi 2454:PMC 2438:doi 2430:Gut 2378:doi 2374:135 2309:doi 2264:doi 2175:doi 2171:135 1910:or 1821:to 1746:NNT 1327:EGD 201:ɜːr 7690:: 7641:: 6922:/ 6520:: 6501:: 6297:: 5906:: 5895:: 5871:: 5860:: 5849:: 5838:: 5823:: 5808:: 5805:10 5793:: 5790:11 5755:. 5741:. 5737:. 5720:. 5712:. 5704:. 5690:. 5671:. 5654:. 5644:66 5642:. 5636:. 5607:. 5597:44 5595:. 5572:. 5564:. 5554:22 5552:. 5528:. 5518:13 5516:. 5493:. 5485:. 5475:25 5473:. 5450:. 5440:. 5432:. 5420:. 5416:. 5393:. 5383:. 5375:. 5365:22 5363:. 5359:. 5336:. 5326:. 5314:24 5312:. 5308:. 5285:. 5277:. 5267:12 5265:. 5238:. 5234:. 5214:^ 5200:. 5192:. 5180:. 5157:. 5149:. 5139:11 5137:. 5110:. 5106:. 5084:. 5070:. 5066:. 5043:. 5029:. 5025:. 5002:. 4994:. 4984:45 4982:. 4962:^ 4948:. 4938:. 4924:. 4920:. 4897:. 4887:. 4877:49 4875:. 4871:. 4848:. 4838:. 4826:. 4822:. 4780:. 4770:. 4756:. 4752:. 4729:. 4719:40 4717:. 4694:. 4684:41 4682:. 4670:^ 4656:. 4646:. 4636:36 4634:. 4611:. 4599:48 4597:. 4593:. 4570:. 4562:. 4550:. 4526:. 4516:. 4504:. 4500:. 4477:. 4465:77 4463:. 4459:. 4436:. 4428:. 4416:25 4414:. 4410:. 4398:^ 4384:. 4374:. 4362:. 4358:. 4346:^ 4332:. 4322:95 4320:. 4308:^ 4294:. 4286:. 4274:67 4272:. 4268:. 4245:. 4231:. 4227:. 4204:. 4194:. 4182:15 4180:. 4176:. 4153:. 4145:. 4135:19 4133:. 4110:. 4096:. 4092:. 4069:. 4059:. 4047:. 4043:. 4029:^ 4015:. 4005:. 3993:. 3989:. 3975:^ 3963:. 3916:^ 3902:. 3894:. 3884:44 3882:. 3856:. 3826:. 3788:, 3764:. 3756:. 3744:. 3718:. 3701:. 3687:. 3683:. 3661:^ 3647:. 3633:. 3629:. 3595:^ 3581:. 3573:. 3561:20 3559:. 3555:. 3532:. 3520:. 3497:. 3489:. 3479:13 3477:. 3444:, 3421:. 3411:11 3409:. 3386:. 3372:. 3368:. 3345:. 3335:. 3325:13 3323:. 3319:. 3292:. 3269:. 3261:. 3249:. 3245:. 3222:. 3210:72 3208:. 3204:. 3144:. 3134:21 3132:. 3109:. 3099:. 3089:12 3087:. 3083:. 3058:. 3046:40 3044:. 3040:. 3017:. 3007:. 2993:. 2989:. 2975:^ 2922:. 2912:. 2904:. 2892:20 2890:. 2886:. 2863:. 2855:. 2843:. 2820:. 2812:. 2802:26 2800:. 2773:. 2765:. 2757:. 2747:. 2733:. 2729:. 2717:^ 2699:. 2695:. 2673:. 2663:. 2651:. 2647:. 2635:^ 2621:. 2611:. 2599:. 2593:. 2581:^ 2563:. 2536:. 2497:. 2462:. 2452:. 2444:. 2434:63 2432:. 2428:. 2403:. 2386:. 2372:. 2368:. 2337:. 2315:. 2305:25 2303:. 2284:^ 2270:. 2260:32 2258:. 2228:^ 2218:. 2183:. 2169:. 2165:. 2153:^ 2128:. 2091:^ 2055:. 2037:. 2019:. 2002:. 1829:, 1825:, 1512:, 1508:, 1235:. 1182:, 1178:, 1170:, 1125:. 1117:, 1109:, 1101:. 1093:, 1089:, 1069:, 1065:, 1061:, 1053:, 1049:, 1045:, 1030:, 1014:, 1006:, 1002:, 998:, 651:• 647:• 417:on 393:, 389:, 381:, 357:, 353:, 349:, 333:, 329:, 325:, 308:, 304:, 300:, 265:, 261:, 244:, 240:, 181:ɔː 149:iː 138:əl 135:iː 132:dʒ 108:oʊ 7666:: 7277:2 7275:H 7268:) 7264:( 7249:e 7242:t 7235:v 6958:/ 6631:/ 6450:/ 6446:/ 6360:) 6356:/ 6352:( 6254:) 6250:/ 6246:/ 6242:( 5949:e 5942:t 5935:v 5833:- 5818:- 5803:- 5788:- 5778:D 5763:. 5749:: 5728:. 5708:: 5662:. 5650:: 5615:. 5603:: 5580:. 5560:: 5536:. 5524:: 5501:. 5481:: 5458:. 5428:: 5401:. 5371:: 5344:. 5320:: 5293:. 5273:: 5250:. 5208:. 5188:: 5165:. 5145:: 5122:. 5092:. 5078:: 5051:. 5037:: 5010:. 4990:: 4956:. 4932:: 4926:7 4905:. 4883:: 4856:. 4834:: 4788:. 4764:: 4758:5 4737:. 4725:: 4702:. 4690:: 4664:. 4650:: 4642:: 4619:. 4605:: 4578:. 4558:: 4534:. 4512:: 4485:. 4471:: 4444:. 4422:: 4392:. 4370:: 4340:. 4328:: 4302:. 4280:: 4253:. 4239:: 4233:9 4212:. 4188:: 4161:. 4141:: 4118:. 4104:: 4077:. 4055:: 4049:5 4023:. 4001:: 3967:. 3951:. 3910:. 3890:: 3867:. 3841:. 3772:. 3752:: 3709:. 3695:: 3655:. 3641:: 3589:. 3567:: 3540:. 3528:: 3505:. 3485:: 3429:. 3417:: 3394:. 3380:: 3374:2 3353:. 3331:: 3304:. 3300:: 3277:. 3257:: 3230:. 3152:. 3140:: 3117:. 3095:: 3068:. 3052:: 3025:. 3001:: 2969:. 2898:: 2871:. 2851:: 2828:. 2808:: 2785:. 2741:: 2711:. 2681:. 2629:. 2607:: 2575:. 2571:: 2565:5 2548:. 2509:. 2470:. 2440:: 2394:. 2380:: 2353:. 2323:. 2311:: 2278:. 2266:: 2191:. 2177:: 2147:. 2085:. 1785:B 1777:2 1730:2 1722:2 1693:2 1691:H 1651:2 1649:H 1545:) 1166:/ 1113:2 1111:H 978:( 970:( 956:e 949:t 942:v 873:) 869:( 820:) 816:( 805:) 801:( 685:) 681:( 655:) 643:( 637:) 633:( 541:) 537:( 498:) 494:( 443:) 439:( 385:2 383:H 207:/ 204:d 198:ɡ 195:/ 187:/ 184:d 178:ɡ 175:/ 167:/ 164:s 161:k 158:ʌ 155:l 152:f 146:r 143:ˈ 129:ˈ 126:ə 123:f 120:ɒ 117:s 114:ˌ 111:ɪ 105:r 102:t 99:s 96:æ 93:ɡ 90:/ 32:. 25:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.