170:
32:
797:
255:.94, has "double crackle", or two sizes of crackle glaze, one with wide and large crackle, the other with a finer network. Each set of cracks has had the effect heightened by applying a coloured stain, in different colours. There are multiple layers of glaze, and the wider crackle develops first, with the finer one developing inside those sections. The crackle may take some time to appear after firing, and is probably mainly caused by rapid cooling, and perhaps low
17:
1284:
149:
Apparent pieces of Ge ware have been found in Yuan tombs, but not those from the Song, and increasingly the wares are regarded as a Yuan revival or replacement for Guan ware. Unlike Guan ware, it does not seem to have been produced for the court. There is a record of an incense-burner described as
142:, though this is unclear. The elder brother developed a very special type of ware; the later sources say this was distinguished by crackled glaze, and Ge ware is supposed to be this type. The younger brother also developed a fine style of pottery, which is often taken to be the best quality early
90:
recognised by later
Chinese writers, but has remained rather mysterious to modern scholars, with much debate as to which surviving pieces, if any, actually are Ge ware, whether they actually come from the Song, and where they were made. In recognition of this, many sources call all actual pieces
280:
under the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as the 20th century, sometimes with the foot stained dark to resemble the originals. In these later periods, Ge ware became fashionable for the scholar's table and flower vases. The crackle was compared from the Ming onwards to cracking ice, with its
234:
Despite the pattern of hundreds of intermingling crackle lines, its texture is fine and smooth to the touch. This is the work of the talented Elder brother. One discovers that the value of these undecorated wares is the same as that of unpolished gems. How could one compare this and the more
110:
uses very similar effects. Ge ware often shows "double crackle" or crackle of two types, and one view is that this is the defining characteristic of the type. A three-day conference at the
670:
193:
colour is a cream or ivory tending to grey or brown, with little green in it, although the wares come under the broad celadon grouping. The body is dark, and fired to
291:
describing a sage as "shrinking, as when ice melts". A range of fanciful names were devised by connoisseurs for different types of crackle: small "fish-egg pattern" (
1315:
150:
new being bought in 1355, close to the end of the Yuan, which compares it favourably to the "old" Guan ware. Production may well have continued into the early
211:), meaning the body is visible at the rim, where the glaze is thinner, and at the unglazed foot of vessels. The crackle arises during cooling, when the
259:
in the glaze. A similar effect can be seen in the
Beijing vase illustrated here. This form of double crackle is called "gold thread and iron wire" (
130:) means "older brother" and the ware apparently takes its name from one of two potter Zhang brothers, from a story repeated in many sources from the
1103:
1529:
2133:
1857:
1796:
1688:
1303:
161:, for all southern celadons with a pronounced crackle, and such usage continued in the West, though in recent decades it is discouraged.
1985:
753:
1523:
1164:
2097:
1998:
702:
1425:
1410:
1397:
1362:
1327:
1298:
1430:
419:
1194:
1096:
989:
711:
688:
2072:
1420:
1310:
1152:
746:
653:
628:
606:
590:
47:
197:
in
Western terms, and there are references in the traditional literature to the "purple mouth and iron foot" (
1958:
1256:
1147:
2214:
1456:
1125:
1089:
621:
Science and
Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 12, Ceramic Technology
1917:
1448:
1444:
1370:
1342:
1121:
1283:
1332:
1142:
724:
Scott, Rosemary, "Guan or Ge Ware? A Re-examination of Some Pieces in the
Percival David Foundation",
1204:
881:
739:
612:
252:
219:
2204:
1780:
1535:
1189:
1157:
970:
927:
212:
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1811:
1386:
1219:
1636:
1184:
922:
632:
597:
99:
2166:
1405:
409:
114:
in 1992 attempted to reach a clear definition of Ge ware, but could not reconcile all views.
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1541:
1261:
786:
169:
8:
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1931:
1320:
1266:
31:
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2106:
1946:
1941:
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1239:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1169:
707:
684:
649:
638:
624:
602:
586:
415:
641:, section "Guan and Ge wares" in "China, §VIII, 3: Ceramics: Historical development"
2017:
1951:
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in 1785; in two senses, as he had the poem inscribed inside the neck of the vase:
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174:
111:
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2004:
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1048:
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616:
273:) in Chinese tradition, describing the small and larger networks respectively.
236:
223:
65:
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2083:
2077:
2062:
1884:
1872:
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1347:
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1034:
776:
659:
243:? Each has its own individual charm. Composed by the Qianlong emperor in the
190:
139:
103:
21:
20:
Ge-type vase, with "gold thread and iron wire" double crackle, dated by the
2178:
2057:
2032:
1866:
1817:
1666:
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1508:
1380:
1112:
907:
821:
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87:
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2129:
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2012:
1974:
1963:
1853:
1829:
1703:
1672:
1576:
1503:
1461:
1022:
1017:
937:
876:
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856:
831:
287:
158:
16:
1968:
1925:
1823:
1786:
1756:
1750:
1727:
1709:
1618:
1606:
1582:
932:
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differs between the glaze and the body, the former contracting faster.
1081:
1993:
1902:
1847:
1841:
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836:
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107:
106:; but this is not restricted to them, and in particular the related
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suggestion of spring arriving, and evoked a line in the classic
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282:
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55:
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Sensuous
Surfaces: The Decorative Object in Early Modern China
1835:
1805:
976:
35:
Ge-type vase, with "gold thread and iron wire" double crackle
98:
It is clear that their distinguishing feature is deliberate
1890:
646:
The
Chinese Potter: A Practical History of Chinese Ceramics
276:
Like other Song wares, Ge ware was skillfully copied in
411:
134:
onwards, with uncertain significance. They were both
157:The term may have become used very loosely by the
2196:
380:Vainker, 108; Kerr, Needham & Wood, 265–266
1097:
747:
414:. Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd. p. 76.
185:, also notable for crackle effects, and also
1530:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
697:, 1991, British Museum Press, 9780714114705
1104:
1090:
754:
740:
2116:
706:, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
683:, 2007 (2nd edn), British Museum Press,
470:Vandelstein, 105; Gompertz, 143–144, 150
168:
30:
15:
1111:
70:
2197:
2098:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
2023:Endless power transmitting chain drive
681:The British Museum Book of Chinese Art
673:, PDF.94 (expand two sets of comments)
585:, 1980 (2nd edn.), Faber & Faber,
533:Kerr, Needham & Wood, 266; Nillson
1085:
735:
173:18th-century imitation of Ge ware in
761:
623:, 2004, Cambridge University Press,
407:
805:Earthenwares, stonewares and others
189:. Even more than in Guan ware, the
13:
718:
226:, had a poem written on it by the
164:
14:
2226:
990:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
181:The wares are closely related to
1282:
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542:Gompertz, 150, 204; Vainker, 108
102:, or a network of cracks in the
563:
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545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
473:
464:
455:
434:Gompertz, 150–156; Vainker, 108
1524:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
703:A handbook of Chinese ceramics
648:, 3rd edition, 1989, Phaidon,
446:
437:
428:
408:Wang, Audrey (27 April 2012).
401:
392:
389:For example the British Museum
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177:, with single crackle pattern.
60:
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1:
1959:Southern Song dynasty coinage
695:Chinese Pottery and Porcelain
575:
524:Kerr, Needham & Wood, 266
452:Kerr, Needham & Wood, 266
371:Krahl; Gompertz, 143–144, 150
560:Hay, 136; cf. Dao De Jing 15
7:
1371:Department of State Affairs
10:
2231:
1333:Bureau of Military Affairs
664:Chinese porcelain glossary
660:"Ge (Wade-Giles: ko) ware"
333:), and large "crab-claw" (
117:
1984:
1916:
1737:
1551:
1443:
1396:
1361:
1291:
1280:
1205:Alliance Conducted at Sea
1195:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
1120:
1010:
956:
913:Jingdezhen/Imperial wares
890:
804:
793:
769:
251:This vase, catalogued as
220:Percival David Foundation
127:
1536:Four Great Books of Song
601:, 2010, Reaktion Books,
362:Rawson, 246; Vainker, 93
350:
213:coefficient of expansion
138:potters, perhaps in the
1387:Secretariat-Chancellery
700:Valenstein, S. (1998).
2018:Early Bessemer process
1986:Science and technology
1185:Nong Zhigao rebellions
249:
235:elaborate products of
178:
36:
28:
1406:Ministry of Personnel
1311:Imperial examinations
583:Chinese Celadon Wares
581:Gompertz, G.St.G.M.,
443:Vainker, 108; Nillson
232:
222:, now on loan to the
172:
82:. It was one of the
34:
19:
1542:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
1316:Administrative units
1190:Song–Tibet relations
1165:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
787:Green-glazed pottery
278:Jingdezhen porcelain
175:Jingdezhen porcelain
2215:Culture in Zhejiang
2092:Forensic entomology
2053:Watertight bulkhead
1932:Joint-stock company
1426:Ministry of Justice
1411:Ministry of Revenue
1321:Sixteen Prefectures
671:British Museum page
658:Nillson, Jan-Eric,
2028:Astronomical clock
1235:Treaty of Shaoxing
644:Medley, Margaret,
179:
37:
29:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2107:Dream Pool Essays
1999:Gunpowder weapons
1912:
1911:
1439:
1438:
1431:Ministry of Works
1416:Ministry of Rites
1363:Three Departments
1200:Fang La rebellion
1180:Wang Ze rebellion
1079:
1078:
882:Tang tomb figures
639:Oxford Art Online
631:, 9780521838337,
305:, and "ox-hair" (
2222:
2138:
2135:
2114:
2113:
1862:
1861: 1174–1189
1859:
1801:
1800: 1050–1080
1798:
1693:
1692: 1111–1117
1690:
1549:
1548:
1499:Longquan celadon
1467:Five Great Kilns
1359:
1358:
1286:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1083:
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1029:Five Great Kilns
827:Longquan celadon
799:
763:Chinese ceramics
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228:Qianlong Emperor
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187:Longquan celadon
144:Longquan celadon
129:
84:Five Great Kilns
78:or greenware in
72:
62:
53:
2230:
2229:
2225:
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2221:
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2205:Chinese pottery
2195:
2194:
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2184:
2136:
2112:
2068:Horner's method
1980:
1908:
1860:
1812:Emperor Huizong
1799:
1733:
1691:
1547:
1435:
1421:Ministry of War
1392:
1357:
1287:
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1257:Mongol conquest
1175:Chanyuan Treaty
1135:Chenqiao mutiny
1116:
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952:
886:
800:
791:
782:Terracotta Army
770:Ancient pottery
765:
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721:
719:Further reading
693:Vainker, S.J.,
677:Rawson, Jessica
666:, Gotheborg.com
637:Krahl, Regina:
619:, Wood, Nigel,
617:Needham, Joseph
609:, 9781861898463
595:Hay, Jonathan,
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112:Shanghai Museum
80:Chinese pottery
74:) is a type of
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218:A vase in the
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2073:Architecture
2058:Fishing reel
2033:Movable type
2003:
1973:
1867:Zhou Jichang
1818:Zhang Zeduan
1667:Zhou Bangyan
1559:Fan Zhongyan
1540:
1528:
1514:Yaozhou ware
1509:Qingbai ware
1476:
1343:New Policies
1148:Southern Han
1139:Unification
1113:Song dynasty
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69:
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38:
2181:(1231–1316)
2175:(1202–1261)
2173:Qin Jiushao
2169:(1192-1279)
2163:(1186–1249)
2157:(1031–1095)
2151:(1020–1101)
2145:(1010–1070)
2130:Zhang Sixun
1975:Zhu Fan Zhi
1964:Champa rice
1928:(1021–1086)
1905:(1235–1305)
1899:(1222–1307)
1893:(1210–1269)
1887:(1199–1295)
1881:(1190–1230)
1875:(1178–1249)
1854:Lin Tinggui
1850:(1140–1210)
1844:(1120–1182)
1838:(1100–1197)
1832:(1096–1119)
1830:Wang Ximeng
1826:(1094-1172)
1820:(1085–1145)
1814:(1082–1135)
1808:(1051–1107)
1789:(1049–1106)
1783:(1036–1093)
1777:(1020–1090)
1771:(1019–1079)
1765:(1000–1064)
1730:(1170–1231)
1724:(1140–1207)
1718:(1130–1200)
1712:(1127–1206)
1706:(1126–1193)
1704:Fan Chengda
1700:(1125–1209)
1681:(1085–1144)
1675:(1084–1155)
1673:Li Qingzhao
1669:(1056–1121)
1663:(1047–1126)
1657:(1045–1105)
1651:(1039–1112)
1645:(1037–1101)
1639:(1033–1107)
1633:(1032–1085)
1627:(1022–1077)
1621:(1019–1086)
1615:(1019–1083)
1609:(1017–1073)
1603:(1012–1067)
1597:(1011–1077)
1591:(1009–1066)
1585:(1007–1072)
1579:(1002–1060)
1577:Mei Yaochen
1504:Cizhou ware
1381:Chancellery
1376:Secretariat
1304:Family tree
1262:Diaoyucheng
1023:Mantou kiln
1018:Dragon kiln
497:Medley, 156
461:Rawson, 363
288:Dao De Jing
208:zǐkǒu-tiězú
159:Ming period
27:to the Song
2199:Categories
2126:(972–1051)
2043:Pound lock
1969:Nanhai One
1926:Wang Anshi
1824:Su Hanchen
1787:Li Gonglin
1757:Zhao Chang
1753:(970–1053)
1751:Xu Daoning
1747:(960–1030)
1728:Zhao Rukuo
1710:Yang Wanli
1619:Sima Guang
1607:Zhou Dunyi
1583:Ouyang Xiu
1573:(998–1061)
1567:(991–1055)
1561:(989–1052)
1292:Government
957:Decoration
669:"PDF.94":
654:071482593X
629:0521838339
613:Kerr, Rose
607:1861898460
591:0571180035
576:References
344:xièzhǎowén
241:Cheng(hua)
66:Wade–Giles
2117:Inventors
1994:Gunpowder
1903:Qian Xuan
1869:(12th c.)
1848:Liang Kai
1842:Zhao Boju
1781:Wang Shen
1763:Yi Yuanji
1759:(10th c.)
1631:Cheng Hao
1625:Zhang Zai
1613:Zeng Gong
1601:Cai Xiang
1595:Shao Yong
1519:Jian ware
1482:Guan ware
1472:Ding ware
1267:Xiangyang
1143:Later Shu
995:Ash glaze
891:Porcelain
316:niúmáowén
285:text the
195:stoneware
183:Guan ware
108:Guan ware
2155:Shen Kuo
2143:Jia Xian
2124:Bi Sheng
2048:Dry dock
1937:Banknote
1897:Gong Kai
1769:Wen Tong
1745:Fan Kuan
1738:Painters
1722:Xin Qiji
1679:Zhu Bian
1661:Cai Jing
1637:Cheng Yi
1487:Jun ware
1457:Religion
1328:Military
1299:Emperors
1230:Yancheng
1215:Jingkang
1126:Timeline
569:Hay, 137
330:liǔyèwén
237:Xuan(de)
136:Longquan
2161:Song Ci
2149:Su Song
2038:Compass
1918:Economy
1879:Li Song
1793:Cui Bai
1571:Song Qi
1565:Yan Shu
1552:Writers
1492:Ru ware
1477:Ge ware
1449:Society
1445:Culture
1250:Caizhou
1240:Tangdao
1122:History
1063:Meiping
1056:Hunping
908:Qingbai
822:Yaozhou
817:Celadon
551:Nillson
398:Nillson
302:yúzǐwén
124:Chinese
118:History
100:crackle
86:of the
76:celadon
48:Chinese
44:Ko ware
40:Ge ware
25:Beijing
2210:Lishui
1947:Guanzi
1942:Jiaozi
1775:Guo Xi
1716:Zhu Xi
1698:Lu You
1685:Zhu Yu
1649:Su Zhe
1643:Su Shi
1589:Su Xun
1462:Poetry
1245:Caishi
1115:topics
1070:Gaiwan
1001:An hua
984:Doucai
965:Sancai
948:Canton
943:Tianqi
938:Swatow
928:export
877:Shiwan
872:Yixing
857:Jizhou
832:Cizhou
710:
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506:PDF.94
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1952:Huizi
1836:Li Di
1806:Mi Fu
1272:Yamen
1225:De'an
1049:Guang
977:Wucai
933:Kraak
918:Dehua
662:, in
351:Notes
247:yisi
191:glaze
104:glaze
2013:Coke
1891:Muqi
1447:and
1042:Ding
1035:Cong
1027:The
903:Ding
898:Xing
852:Jian
847:Guan
837:Ding
708:ISBN
685:ISBN
650:ISBN
625:ISBN
603:ISBN
587:ISBN
416:ISBN
265:金絲鐵線
261:金丝铁线
239:and
203:紫口鐵足
199:紫口铁足
132:Yuan
2134:fl.
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812:Yue
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339:蟹爪紋
335:蟹爪纹
325:柳葉紋
321:柳叶纹
311:牛毛紋
307:牛毛纹
297:魚子紋
293:鱼子纹
253:PDF
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