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caused to appear on the first good occasion. a father makes his son excellent, it is I who decreed kingship to you. who shall share it with you? For I am the Lord of Heaven. As I give to Re, he gives to his children, from gods to men. It is I who gives you the royal charter.... No other decree
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Napata’s urban remains have not yet been significantly excavated, but rubble heaps indicate that the area was probably home to major settlement in antiquity. There are no traces of a pre-Egyptian settlement, though this may change as more is uncovered at the site. The earliest buildings found at
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who worked there from 1916-1920 and excavated a number of buildings. His first excavation at Napata was a large
Meroitic structure (Named “B 100”) that dated to the first century CE. At first, Reisner assumed this to be an “administrative building”, though it is now known to have been a palace.
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The ruins around Jebel Barkal include at least 13 temples that were built, renovated, and expanded over a period of over 1,500 years. The temples were described for the first time by a series of
European explorers beginning in the 1820s. Their drawings and descriptions, particularly those of
511:, new temples were built and older temples were renovated. During the 1st century BC - 1st century AD, eight royal pyramid burials were built at Jebel Barkal (rather than at Meroë), for reasons that are not clear, but perhaps reflecting the prominence of one or more families from the city.
715:, is now largely destroyed. It received the sacred bark of Amun from the nearby B500 on certain cultic occasions, and may have served during the coronation of the kings of the early Napatan period, in the mid 7th century BC. The Temple was decorated by
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as the most important urban centers of Kush. Jebel Barkal's palaces and temples continued to be renovated from the 7th-early 3rd centuries BC. Most of the royal pyramid burials of the kings and queens of Kush during this time were built at the site of
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387:. The jebel is 104 m tall, has a flat top, and came to have religious significance for both ancient Kush and ancient Egyptian occupiers. In 2003, the mountain, together with the extensive archaeological site at its base (ancient
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1153:"Following their expulsion from Egypt by the Assyrians in 661 BC, the Kushites continued to develop the Barkal sanctuary. Atlanersa and Senkamanisken erected the small Temple B 700, which became a royal mortuary temple."
445:. In the last years of the New Kingdom and after its collapse in 1169 BC, there was little construction at Jebel Barkal. Apart from the temples, no trace of this Egyptian settlement has yet been found at the site.
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After the collapse of Kush during the 4th century AD, Jebel Barkal continued to be occupied in the medieval (Christian) period of Nubia, as attested by architectural remains, burials, and burial inscriptions.
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I said of you in your mother's womb that you were to be ruler of Kemet . I knew you in the semen, while you were in the egg, that you were to be lord. I made you receive the Great Crown, which
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507:. Jebel Barkal continued to be an important city of Kush during the Meroitic period. A sequence of palaces were built, most notably by King
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as it returned to power in the years after 800 BCE as the
Dynasty of Napata. The Kushite kings who conquered and ruled over Egypt as the
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567:(1844), record significant architectural details that have since disappeared. In 1862 five inscriptions from the
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In 270 BCE, the location of
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Website of the
National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Archaeological Mission at Jebel Barkal
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Ruins of Temple B700 of Jebel Barkal with relief of
Senkamanisken clubbing enemies, drawn in 1821 by
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Sudan: Ancient
Treasures: an Exhibition of Recent Discoveries from the Sudan National Museum
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in the mid-7th century BC, they continued to rule Kush with Jebel Barkal and the city of
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1324:. Khartoum: Sudan. Nubian Archeological Development Organization (Qatar-Sudan): 98.
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Golden
Bracelet found in the tomb of a member of the Royal Family in Gebel Barkal.
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of Napata—a local, ram-headed form of the main god of the
Egyptian capital city of
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László Török, The kingdom of Kush: handbook of the
Napatan-Meroitic Civilization
437:. The Egyptians built a complex of temples at the site, centered on a temple to
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UNESCO World Heritage Centre - Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
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The hieroglyphic inscription on the Temple described the role of the god
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This article is about the archaeological site. For the ancient city, see
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Amun inscription, frieze of Sekamanisken, Temple B700, Jebel Barkal.
735:(who is to be) king. It is I who grants kingship to whomever I will.
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Smith, William Stevenson; Simpson, William Kelly (1 January 1998).
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were recovered by an Egyptian officer and transported to the
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conquered Barkal and built a fortified settlement (Egyptian
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1390:(137). Boston, Massachusetts: Museum of Fine Arts: 17–29.
807:. The earliest burials date back to the 3rd century BC.
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The earliest occupation of Jebel Barkal was that of the
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Senkamanisken slaying enemies at Jebel Barkal (detail).
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at Jebel Barkal, originally built during the Egyptian
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The Kingdom of Kush: The Napatan and Meroitic Empires
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1259:. Princeton: Markus Weiner Publishers. p. 208.
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1313:Kendall, Timothy; Ahmed Mohamed, El-Hassan (2016).
803:Jebel Barkal served as a royal cemetery during the
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363:or large rock outcrop located 400 km north of
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919:. The first archaeologist to work at the site was
811:Bar. 1 King from the middle of the 1st century BCE
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1461:Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
838:Bar. 9 King or Queen of the early 2nd century CE
270:Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
1418:"Fragments of the bark stand of King Atlanersa"
1315:"A Visitor's Guide to The Jebel Barkal Temples"
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689:Taharqa, followed by the sistrum shaking queen
579:excavations performed by a joint expedition of
769:Senkamanisken slaying enemies in front of God
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500:, 9 km to the northeast of Jebel Barkal.
1377:"Excavations in Egypt and Ethiopia 1922–1925"
1282:A Visitor's Guide to The Jebel Barkal Temples
1132:"Historical Inscriptions from Gebel Barkal",
645:'s temple of Amun at the foot of Jebel Barkal
1463:UNESCO collection on Google Arts and Culture
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855:Bar. 15 King Kashmerj Imen (3rd century BCE)
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1043:. Ânkh-Djed-Ouas (British Museum, EA 54412)
756:Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds
561:Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds
487:After the Kushites were driven out by the
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1107:The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
464:Jebel Barkal was the capital city of the
383:, in the region that is sometimes called
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1110:. Yale University Press. p. 235.
1055:List of World Heritage Sites in Africa
1019:Barque stand from Temple B700 showing
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1161:. British Museum Press. p. 160.
575:, but not until 1916 were scientific
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1023:holding up the heavens, now in the
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726:in selecting Sekamanisken as king:
399:. The Jebel Barkal area houses the
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814:Bar. 2 King Teriqas (c. 29–25 BCE)
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910:History of Excavation of the Site
391:), were named as the center of a
1451:LearningSites.com - Gebel Barkal
1359:Barque stand fragments, MFA 2019
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456:from Jebel Barkal (3.6 meters).
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1375:Reisner, George Andrew (1925).
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1396:"Boat stand of King Atlanersa"
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892:Pyramids of Jebel Barkal today
868:Pyramids, next to Jebel Barkal
597:University of Rome La Sapienza
418:Around 1450 BCE, the Egyptian
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1497:World Heritage Sites in Sudan
1487:Archaeological sites in Sudan
1322:The NCAM Jebel Barkal Mission
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641:The last standing pillars of
94:Shown within Northeast Africa
1384:Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin
947:Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal
673:(right) in the Jebel Barkal
97:Show map of Northeast Africa
60:Jebel Barkal is a small mesa
27:Archaeological Site in Sudan
7:
1422:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1400:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
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1039:Djed amulet, Gebel Barkal,
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703:Temple B700 at Jebel Barkal
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951:Boston Museum of Fine Arts
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489:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
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260:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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1467:The Victory Stela of Piye
1280:Kendall, Timothy (2016).
1255:Welsby, Derek A. (1998).
821: ? (1st century BCE)
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569:Third Intermediate Period
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1296:"Statue of King Aspelta"
1070:Pyramids of Jebel Barkal
941:Colossal statue of King
799:Pyramid at Jebel Barkal.
546:but greatly enhanced by
458:National Museum of Sudan
1134:Sudan Notes and Records
591:under the direction of
1502:Northern State (Sudan)
1347:Barque stand, MFA 2019
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230:18.53667°N 31.82833°E
173:Alternative name
160:Jebel Barkal (Africa)
1065:Pyramids at El-Kurru
928:Artifacts in Museums
693:in the Jebel Barkal
629:are well preserved.
565:Karl Richard Lepsius
435:New Kingdom of Egypt
127:Jebel Barkal (Sudan)
1300:collections.mfa.org
1025:Museum of Fine Arts
835:? (3rd century BCE)
585:Museum of Fine Arts
401:Jebel Barkal Museum
393:World Heritage Site
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1482:Mountains of Sudan
1222:Jebel Barkal Guide
1203:Jebel Barkal Guide
1184:Jebel Barkal Guide
917:eighteenth Dynasty
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581:Harvard University
557:Frédéric Cailliaud
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452:Statue of Pharaoh
303:Reference no.
286:i, ii, iii, iv, vi
235:18.53667; 31.82833
163:Show map of Africa
37:
1507:Pyramids in Sudan
1284:. pp. 10–15.
1228:. pp. 97–98.
1209:. pp. 97–98.
1168:978-0-7141-1960-1
1141:(1921), pp. 59-75
1117:978-0-300-07747-6
1085:Sedeinga pyramids
1075:Pyramids of Meroë
921:George A. Reisner
852:(3rd century BCE)
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711:and decorated by
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62:(104 meters tall)
16:(Redirected from
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1041:25th Dynasty
990:Cairo Museum
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563:(1821), and
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356:Jabal Barkal
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176:Gebel Barkal
154:Jebel Barkal
121:Jebel Barkal
88:Jebel Barkal
38:Jebel Barkal
18:Gebel Barkal
833:Sabrakamani
544:New Kingdom
317:Arab States
294:2003 (27th
233: /
209:Coordinates
1476:Categories
1091:References
819:Amanirenas
509:Natakamani
381:Nile River
367:, next to
291:Designated
221:31°49′42″E
218:18°32′12″N
1027:in Boston
1021:Atlanersa
986:Tantamani
945:from the
843:Aktisanes
826:Nawidemak
709:Atlanersa
379:, on the
350:romanized
249:Sanctuary
1049:See also
850:Aryamani
791:Pyramids
738:—
583:and the
559:(1821),
365:Khartoum
345:جبل بركل
283:Criteria
278:Cultural
181:Location
46:جبل بركل
1369:Sources
943:Aspelta
671:Taharqa
519:Temples
482:Taharqa
480:), and
454:Taharqa
420:Pharaoh
407:History
359:) is a
352::
296:session
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643:Napata
589:Boston
474:Kashta
431:Napata
427:menenu
397:UNESCO
389:Napata
369:Karima
341:Arabic
313:Region
199:Region
185:Karima
32:Napata
1388:XXIII
1380:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
493:Meroë
385:Nubia
377:Sudan
203:Nubia
193:Sudan
1429:2019
1407:2019
1261:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1112:ISBN
965:The
771:Amun
724:Amun
615:and
548:Piye
498:Nuri
478:Piye
439:Amun
361:mesa
307:1073
275:Type
246:Type
587:of
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375:in
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335:or
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