956:
980:
921:
1536:
1261:
968:
897:
735:
1237:
999:
1064:
909:
882:
232:
1011:
723:
1103:
1117:
216:
870:
1089:
944:
268:
1178:
1502:
31:
1131:
1225:
591:
1210:
579:
1520:
448:
436:
1162:
1486:
615:
603:
1194:
1324:
412:
424:
1302:
6225:
1459:, dating to the Naqada III period. On one side, the handle of the knife shows two snakes encircling rosettes. The other side is arranged in four rows. The top and second rows depict scenes of predation with a leopard and a lion attacking ibexes. Beneath these is a domesticated heavy hunting dog wearing a collar pursued by a lion or another dog. Finally the bottom row represents a
1353:, and similar in size to the Gebel el-Arak knife. The handle of the knife, made of elephant ivory, is decorated with 227 animals carved in 10 registers on both faces. The figures are tightly packed and entirely cover the handle. They represent real animals, all depicted at approximatively the same size and arranged in processions by species: elephants (some walking on snakes),
465:, such as Béatrix Midant-Reynes, argue that the quality and amount of work required for the creation of the blade goes beyond what is required for a functional knife. Thus the purpose and value of the knife would be artistic, the blade being a demonstration of technical skills aiming at the beauty of the result. This hypothesis is strengthened by a detailed
955:
979:
750:(26.241.1) has similar imagery to the Gebel el-Arak Knife, although in much poorer condition, but confirming its authenticity. It shows a ship with raised bow and rounded ships (front), a column of armed soldiers and a row of sitting prisoners led by a standing man, in front of a decorated building (back).
920:
388:
undulations on the surface of the stone. Analysis of the shock waves on the surface of the blade reveals they were produced from the top to the bottom of the blade and from left to right, in a counterclockwise fashion. This work was probably made with pointed copper tools. The ripple-flaking of this
288:
At the time of purchase, its blade and handle were separated, as the seller did not realise that they fitted together. Boreux later proposed that the knife be restored, and that the blade and handle be joined together. This was done in March 1933 by Léon André, who worked mainly on consolidating the
1550:
The perfect similarity between the blades of these knives and that of the Gebel el-Arak led scholar Diane L. Holmes to propose that the knives were all produced by a small number of workshops in one area and may be the product of a few craftsmen who practised this extremely specialized skill over a
184:
an archaic flint knife with an ivory handle of the greatest beauty. This is the masterpiece of predynastic sculpture executed with remarkable finesse and elegance. This is a work of great detail and the interest of what is represented extends even beyond the artistic value of the artefact. On one
835:, the two main rival Egyptian cities of the period, and that the victor was Abydos, the presence of the lion-fighting Mesopotamian king remaining unexplained and attributed to artistic influence from Mesopotamia. In effect, most of Egypt became unified under rulers from Abydos during the
1260:
1535:
639:
from top to bottom, one register after the other. The artisan first carved the main figures and then carved the places where the figures meet, such as the arms of the combatants. The depth of the carvings does not exceed 2 millimetres (0.079 in).
2863:"The penis - sheath, common on the Hierakonpolis figurines Baumgartel did not discuss (Quibell, Hierakonpolis I, pls . VII - VIII, X), occurs on both groups of fighting men on the Gebel el Arak Knife Handle (...) as well as the Bull Palette" in
1424:'s Early Egypt gallery, room 64, under the catalog number EA 68512. The blade of the knife is virtually identical in style to that of the Gebel el-Arak knife, although slightly larger. The iconography of the handle is similar to that of the
380:
Polishing of both sides of the blade. This operation is required before the ripple-flaking, see below. One side of the blade was left polished and did not receive further work, thus showing a smooth ground surface, maybe to imitate a metal
1236:
193:
and he grasps two lions standing against him. You can judge the importance of this asiatic representation we will own one of the most important prehistoric monuments, if not more. It is, in definitive, in tangible and summary form,
967:
1824:
Moloney, Norah. "The
Earliest Evidence for People in Egypt: the First Tools." Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology: Characters and Collections, edited by Alice Stevenson, 1st ed., UCL Press, London, 2015, pp. 28–29. JSTOR,
563:
on the bottom of the handle, but this is now gone. The assemblage supports the hypothesis that the knife was not functional: the tang of the blade is too short and the handle too thin for the knife to have been practical.
5310:
1010:
167:
and
Egyptologist Georges Aaron Bénédite in February 1914 from a private antique dealer, M. Nahman, in Cairo. Bénédite immediately recognised the artefact's extraordinary state of preservation as well as its
881:
2261:
Egypt at Its
Origins: Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams : Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt," Krakow, 28 August - 1st September
998:
2986:
1389:
are represented on the outer margin of the handle. The only non-animal figure is a rosette, a royal symbol of
Mesopotamian origin found on Egyptian artifacts of the predynastic period and until the
5434:
760:
The handle of the knife is carved on both sides with finely executed figures arranged in five horizontal registers. The side of the handle with the knob shows
Mesopotamian influence featuring the
1485:
1428:, comprising six rows of wild animals carved in raised relief. The animals include elephants walking on snakes, storks, a heron, lions followed by a dog, short and long-horned cattle, perhaps
896:
5973:
5917:
4717:
908:
643:
Some authors consider that the knob or boss had to be worn outward, which implies that the side with the knob should be considered at the front face, and the smooth side as the back face.
1049:, showing a man fighting against two lions, the individual fighting scenes or the boats. Stylistically, the Gebel el-Arak Knife belongs to an important group of Naqada II ivory carvings.
3022:
628:
The handle is richly carved in low relief with a scene of a battle on the side that would have faced a right-handed user and with mythological themes on the other side. This side has a
6269:
4616:
846:
that would have supported the knife handle, keeping it level while resting on a level surface and also could have been used to thread a cord to hang it from the body as an ornament.
461:
The blade of the Gebel el-Arak knife as well as of other ripple-flake knives of the same period are considered the high point of the silex tool making techniques. Specialists of the
5690:
4704:
823:
The fighting figurines are armed with flint knives, clubs and also pear-shaped maces, which are considered as an innovation introduced from
Mesopotamia, replacing the initial
143:
4642:
2437:"Knife of the Jebel el-Arak, ...showing an iconography influenced by Mesopotamia, featuring a king mastering two lions, and a lion attacking a horned animal from behind" in
1224:
551:
of the blade varies from 2 to 3 millimetres (0.12 in), which explains that the ivory is cracked there, with some pieces lost. At the bottom of the handle, the edge was
297:
At the time of its purchase by Bénédite, the knife handle was said by the dealer to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak (جبل العركى), a plateau near the village of
4888:
3844:
384:
Ripple-flaking on one side of the blade. This consists in uniformly removing long and thin strips of stone with parallel pressure flaking, creating a regular pattern of
1034:
Several of the themes and designs visible in the Gebel el-Arak knife, can also be seen in other contemporary
Egyptian works of art, such as the fresco from Tomb 100 at
3392:
317:
That the knife did indeed originate from Abydos is supported by the otherwise total absence of archaeological finds from Gebel el-Arak, while intensive excavations by
5285:
559:
of precious metal that would have reinforced the assemblage of the handle with the blade. At the time of the purchase, Bénédite reported that he could see traces of
2491:"Late Predynastic/Early Dynastic rock art scenes of Barbary sheep hunting in Egypt's Western Desert. From capturing wild animals to the women of the 'Acacia House'"
5078:
1177:
146:. At the time of its purchase, the knife handle was alleged by the seller to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak, but it is today believed to come from
5862:
4894:
4863:
4042:
3711:
3612:
804:
refrains from speculating on the identity of the ambiguous figure, referring to it as a "warrior". Modern scholarship generally attributes the back reliefs to
547:
of the tusk. Once extracted from the tusk, the handle was polished on both sides and hollowed out to receive the blade. The thickness of the handle around the
5935:
4989:
1130:
6201:
4468:
3477:
6149:
6035:
4803:
3706:
3702:
5598:
5165:
4179:
4061:
3983:
6164:
3126:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
2025:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
1969:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
3692:
4294:
3894:
3252:
1519:
3247:
3182:
6177:
5844:
5316:
5115:
4818:
4525:
4004:
961:
Shaven-headed attackers armed with maces and knives, against unarmed opponents with long hair, all wearing penile sheaths (Front, 1st register).
926:
Naked man with penile sheath (fragment) walking a dog on a leash (Back, 5th register). Naked and shaven-headed men are a regular fixture of the
849:
Another knife with very similar iconography, including depictions of warriors, prisoners and nearly identical types of ships can be seen in the
539:
canine tooth as was first thought. The handle was carved along the axis of the tusk, as evidenced by a dark spot located above the head of the "
5008:
4462:
3019:
289:
ensemble, and conserving the ivory handle. The most recent restoration of the knife was undertaken in 1997 by Agnès Cascio and Juliette Lévy.
6005:
5065:
4369:
4350:
4055:
824:
5696:
4537:
1448:. Similar motifs are found on pottery and clay seals from funerary contexts of the predynastic and early dynastic periods, most notably in
1870:
6274:
6264:
4919:
4831:
4592:
4555:
2629:
Porada, Edith (1993). "Why Cylinder Seals? Engraved Cylindrical Seal Stones of the Ancient Near East, Fourth to First Millennium B.C.".
1209:
5448:
853:(Accession number: 26.241.1). Numerous objects from the Naqada II period are similar to the Gebel el-Arak Knife in style and content.
6087:
5341:
1161:
1102:
6254:
6132:
6050:
5671:
5542:
5506:
5171:
4869:
4506:
4252:
4203:
3196:
The Predynastic Lithic Industries of Upper Egypt: a Comparative Study of the Lithic Traditions of Badari, Naqada and Hierakonpolis
411:
5874:
4598:
3297:
1476:
4474:
5480:
4363:
3542:
1116:
309:
the seller did not suspect that the flint belonged with the handle and presented it to me as witness of the recent finds from
1501:
1412:, bought in the mid 19th century by Reverend G. Chester from an antique dealer who reported finding it in Sheikh Hamada, near
358:. Chert is widely available in Egypt and appears across the archaeological record as a material in lithic tool usage from the
6081:
5046:
4932:
4312:
3799:
2783:
2753:
2726:
2612:
2575:
2450:
2419:
2389:
2343:
2297:
2270:
1957:
1699:
5461:
5304:
4685:
4167:
632:
in its centre through which a strap could be passed. The carvings were executed on the polished surface of the tusk with a
4282:
185:
side is a hunting scene; on the other a scene of war or a raid. At the top of the hunting scene the hunter wears a large
6024:
4672:
3647:
423:
1193:
6075:
6056:
5474:
5391:
5354:
4300:
2930:
1897:
Midant-Reynes, Béatrix (1987). "Contribution à l'étude de la société prédynastique: le cas du couteau "Ripple-flake"".
1671:
820:
period and dated to 3800-3400 BCE. These figurines are generally carved on ivory tusks and seemingly wear long cloaks.
734:
1088:
6100:
5880:
5850:
5831:
5512:
5214:
5208:
5159:
5109:
5052:
4456:
3231:
2524:
2235:
2148:
1765:
1735:
1621:
3039:
Churcher, C. S. (1984). "A Zoological study of the ivory knife handle from Abu Zaidan". In Needler, Winifred (ed.).
6249:
5760:
4907:
4610:
4519:
3482:
4543:
2567:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
2227:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
1727:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
1691:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
590:
5899:
5792:
5779:
5409:
5322:
5190:
4913:
4857:
4567:
4549:
4406:
4240:
3198:. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology. Vol. 33. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. p. 15.
3113:, Archéo-Nil: Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, 3, 57–74, 1993.
2925:, Actes du colloque organisé au musée du Louvre par le Service culturel les 3 et 4 avril 1998, 1999, p. 197–226,
1781:
1420:. The knife dates back to the late predynastic period, from ca. 3300 BC to 3100 BC, and is now on display at the
1200:
169:
64:
4116:
808:
influence, and more specifically attribute the design of the clothed wrestler to the Mesopotamian "priest-king"
578:
447:
435:
5805:
5587:
5397:
5014:
4983:
3265:
3203:
3048:
3007:
1933:
1644:
1063:
4209:
816:
period. Similar portraits of men with beards and torus-like headgear also appear on numerous figurines of the
6259:
5911:
5905:
5658:
5298:
4844:
4780:
4698:
4017:
3724:
3642:
6138:
4104:
3522:
389:
side of the blade has no incidence on its sharpness, indicating that it may have served an artistic purpose.
5818:
5766:
5385:
4995:
4977:
4185:
3929:
3899:
3452:
231:
5929:
722:
614:
602:
6294:
5948:
5709:
5415:
5328:
5027:
4762:
4666:
4648:
4561:
4325:
4288:
3849:
3814:
3290:
2961:
973:
Long-haired man (center) using a knife against shaven-headed baton-wielding enemies (Front, 2nd register)
781:
707:
254:
135:
82:
3114:
6289:
5735:
5493:
4654:
4258:
4161:
4155:
3914:
3904:
3879:
3864:
3587:
3106:
3065:
Hartung, Ulrich (1998). "Prädynastische Siegelabrollungen aus dem Friedhof U in Abydos (Umm el-Qaab)".
1526:
1472:
1402:
1288:
Today a total of 17 similar ceremonial knives with decorated handles are known. These knives comprise:
850:
751:
747:
273:
Similar portrait of a probable Uruk King-Priest with a brimmed round hat and large beard, excavated in
3170:
H. Hanna Ed., Preprints of the International Conference on Heritage of Naqada and Qus Region, Volume I
1946:
L'ivoire et la Pierre a Feu — Le Couteau Predynastique en Hippopotame de Shiqmim et le Lion d'Aristote
5923:
5868:
4246:
4215:
3662:
1800:
Le couteau de Gebel el-'Arak, Étude sur un nouvelle objet préhistorique acquis par le musée du Louvre
1401:. The decoration of the handle is very similar to that of a predynastic hair comb, on display at the
827:. Some authors have suggested that the reliefs represent a battle between warriors of the cities of
374:
6279:
5986:
5613:
5574:
5379:
5259:
5033:
4500:
3467:
3343:
305:. However, the knife's true provenance is indicated by Bénédite in his letter to Boreux. He wrote:
221:
Gebel el-Arak Knife ivory handle (back), in the Departement of Pre-Dynastic Egyptian antiquities,
6304:
5992:
5856:
5403:
5272:
4388:
4264:
4173:
4067:
4036:
3889:
3462:
3437:
2598:
1386:
186:
5097:
4579:
1266:
Carved head of bearded man with torus-like headgear, reminiscent of the Mesopotamian king. Late
6062:
5747:
5196:
5184:
4660:
4412:
4400:
4331:
4110:
4085:
4030:
3537:
3283:
1390:
5639:
5373:
3402:
2821:
Case, Humphrey; Payne, Joan Crowfoot (1962). "Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis".
2773:
2672:
Case, Humphrey; Payne, Joan Crowfoot (1962). "Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis".
2409:
2259:
1876:
1755:
764:
motif, very common in Mesopotamian art, in the form of a figure wearing Mesopotamian clothing
5960:
5741:
5684:
5518:
5246:
5240:
4437:
4394:
4276:
4221:
4191:
3667:
3657:
3562:
3492:
3432:
3427:
2743:
2716:
2602:
2565:
2514:
2440:
2379:
2333:
2287:
2225:
2140:
1725:
1689:
2942:
Whitehouse, H. (2002). "A Decorated Knife Handle from the 'Main Deposit' at Hierakonpolis".
1004:
Shaven-headed men drowning, in a possible depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 4th register)
267:
6299:
5561:
5202:
5146:
5140:
5134:
4730:
4604:
4487:
4375:
4073:
3924:
3869:
3517:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
2487:
1844:
1230:
Naqada IId carving, with dynastic rulers and animals, and kneeling soldiers on the reverse.
1155:, also dated to the same period, show similarities, such as the penile sheath worn by men.
992:
seals and artworks. Possibly part of the depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 3rd register)
869:
636:
363:
318:
215:
3353:
943:
8:
5548:
5121:
4234:
4197:
4142:
3945:
3809:
3794:
3774:
3729:
3592:
3577:
3552:
1495:
of the Naqada III period. The "snake twist around rosette" is another Mesopotamian motif.
396:
of the edge of the blade by micro-flaking. This step produces the sharpness of the blade.
4964:
4774:
4098:
1848:
5652:
5367:
5091:
4951:
4945:
4786:
4743:
3998:
3950:
3779:
3764:
3754:
3749:
3677:
3507:
3143:
2846:
2697:
2654:
2469:
Treasures of the Louvre: From the fourth millennium B.C. to the dawn of the Renaissance
2113:
2105:
2058:
2050:
2002:
1994:
765:
30:
326:
93:
36:
5722:
5421:
4443:
4431:
4425:
4270:
4079:
3829:
3672:
3626:
3557:
3497:
3447:
3338:
3227:
3199:
3147:
3044:
3003:
2926:
2838:
2779:
2749:
2722:
2689:
2646:
2608:
2571:
2520:
2446:
2415:
2385:
2339:
2293:
2266:
2231:
2144:
2133:
2117:
2097:
2078:"The Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer"
2062:
2042:
2006:
1986:
1953:
1929:
1856:
1761:
1731:
1695:
1667:
1617:
1560:
1394:
1346:
1046:
931:
887:
809:
761:
540:
466:
462:
238:
123:
3257:
6106:
5954:
5536:
5524:
5227:
4749:
4573:
4531:
4337:
4306:
3884:
3834:
3744:
3739:
3632:
3582:
3442:
3328:
3135:
3092:
2830:
2681:
2638:
2089:
2034:
1978:
1852:
890:, wearing a long skirt and trousers, as well as a brimmed hat (Back, 1st register).
330:
2918:
1714:
Letter of G. Benedite to C. Boreux, Département des Antiquités Egyptiennes, Louvre
6284:
6228:
6011:
4792:
4629:
3854:
3824:
3769:
3734:
3687:
3597:
3567:
3547:
3457:
3363:
3026:
2865:
2467:
1464:
1342:
1312:
1275:
1251:
556:
334:
322:
4129:
1311:, dating to Naqada III period, with 227 sculpted animals, now on display at the
5886:
4882:
3919:
3859:
3804:
3789:
3652:
3637:
3348:
1835:
Kelterborn, P. (1984). "Toward Replicating Egyptian Predynastic Flint Knives".
1511:
1421:
1398:
914:
Lioness attacking a wild bull (Back, 4th register), another Mesopotamian motif.
801:
241:
on the Gebel el-Arak Knife at the top of the handle, dated circa 3300-3200 BC,
119:
3358:
2745:
Violence and Power in Ancient Egypt: Image and Ideology before the New Kingdom
2563:
1323:
6243:
3909:
3839:
3784:
3759:
3527:
3472:
3166:"Earliest Cylinder-Seal Glyptic in Egypt: From Greater Mesopotamia to Naqada"
2842:
2693:
2650:
2101:
2046:
1990:
1542:
1449:
1445:
1184:
1168:
1148:
1070:
1035:
832:
828:
797:
793:
310:
302:
278:
242:
222:
147:
3067:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)
6119:
4768:
3874:
3682:
3602:
3572:
3532:
3487:
1152:
805:
548:
544:
536:
2921:: "Motive und Datierung der dekorierten prädynastischen Messergriffe", in
2165:
5626:
5530:
5311:
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria
3719:
3502:
3333:
1545:
UC 16294. The "snake twist around rosette" is another Mesopotamian motif.
1417:
1242:
Man with torus-like headgear, reminiscent of the Mesopotamian king. Late
1020:. Possibly part of the depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 5th register)
989:
927:
359:
298:
258:
3258:
A complete narrative of the events portrayed on the Gebel el-Arak knife.
2604:
Ancient Egyptian Warfare: Tactics, Weaponry and Ideology of the Pharaohs
1301:
842:
This side of the handle also contains a "knob", a perforated suspension
3819:
2850:
2701:
2658:
1441:
843:
836:
789:
629:
2109:
2077:
2054:
1998:
1137:
Egyptian boat, in contrast with the black foreign boat with high prow.
350:
The blade of the knife is made of homogenous finely grained yellowish
5974:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
5918:
Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
5103:
4718:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
2944:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo
1271:
1247:
1017:
813:
560:
472:
The blade weights 92.3 grams, its precise dimensions are as follows:
393:
337:, the necropolis of predynastic and early dynastic rulers in Abydos.
172:
date. On 16 March 1914, he wrote to Charles Boreux, then head of the
164:
5435:
Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola
3165:
2901:
2882:
2834:
2800:
2685:
2642:
2541:
2490:
2465:"most significant, domestic dogs, identifiable by their collars" in
2360:
2314:
1952:, 1992, Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France, pp. 187–194,
469:
of the blade which demonstrates that the knife has never been used.
3139:
2093:
2038:
1982:
1267:
1243:
902:
Collar-wearing domestic dogs (Back, 2nd register, around the knob).
817:
785:
529:
2445:. Cambridge University Press. p. xv-xvi, Illustration II b).
1802:, Fondation Eugène Piot, Monuments et mémoires, XXII, 1916 p. 1–34
180:, about the item the unsuspecting dealer had offered him. It was:
3512:
1460:
1378:
1370:
800:), who "journeyed upon the sea and came ashore at the mountains".
366:. The blade was produced from the original stone in five stages:
3275:
3253:
The Gebel el Arak knife, Depiction of a predynastic battle scene
5691:
Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene
3306:
3269:
2076:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987).
1429:
1215:
177:
139:
4705:
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
3089:
Catalogue général des Antiquites Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire
1664:
From Egypt to Mesopotamia: a Study of Predynastic Trade Routes
985:
Shaven-headed man towing high-prowed boats, of a type seen on
249:. This work of art both shows the influence of Mesopotamia on
4643:
Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils
3248:
The Gebel el Arak knife, Images on the backside of the handle
3183:
Image of knife from Petrie Museum, University College (16294)
1413:
1374:
1366:
1354:
986:
777:
773:
769:
633:
552:
525:
355:
351:
257:, and the state of Mesopotamian royal iconography during the
250:
246:
190:
131:
127:
4889:
Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman
2516:
Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition
35:
The Gebel el-Arak knife (back and front), on display at the
2289:
Sticks, Stones, and Shadows: Building the Egyptian Pyramids
1437:
1433:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1183:
Male statuettes with shaven heads and penile sheaths, from
532:
274:
6270:
Near Eastern and Middle Eastern antiquities in the Louvre
2485:
2258:
Hendrickx, Stan; Adams, Barbara; Friedman, R. F. (2004).
1382:
1369:. Other less common animals interrupt the processions: a
163:
The Gebel el-Arak knife was bought for the Louvre by the
2902:"Royal Sculpture of the Predynastic and Archaic Periods"
1688:
Conference, William Foxwell Albright Centennial (1996).
2564:
William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference (1996).
2170:
Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
5863:
Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
4895:
A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts
4864:
Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian
2870:. American Research Center in Egypt. 1988. p. 36.
2335:
A History of Egypt: From Earliest Times to the Present
2257:
189:
garment: he head is covered by a hat like that of our
5936:
The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
5079:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
646:
The precise dimensions of the handle are as follows:
85:
in Cairo from antique dealer M. Nahman, February 1914
16:
Ivory and flint knife dating from Egyptian prehistory
6202:
Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca
4469:
Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples
3478:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
3125:
3041:
Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum
2075:
2024:
1968:
1926:
Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum
417:
Gebel el-Arak knife, ripple-flaked side of the blade
126:(3500—3200 BC), showing Mesopotamian influence. The
3111:
Symbolic roles of canine figures on early monuments
5166:Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist
4180:The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
4062:The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences
2132:
1666:(new ed.). Texas A & M University Press.
2163:
1471:Two worn and battered knives can be found at the
6241:
5247:Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse
3895:Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus
2906:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2887:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2867:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2805:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2546:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2486:Hendrickx, Stan; Riemer, Heiko; Förster, Frank;
2442:The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History
2365:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2319:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2166:"Le décor asiatique du couteau de Gebel el-Arak"
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
6178:Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
6165:Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
5317:Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine
1811:Archives de la Direction des Musées de France,
1051:
855:
429:Gebel el-Arak knife, polished side of the blade
4463:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
715:Knife handle of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
118:, is an ivory and flint knife dating from the
4370:Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe
4351:Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea)
4056:The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music
3291:
1896:
1630:
5845:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
4538:Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII
4526:Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword
4043:Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas
2627:For an image of a similar high-prowed boat:
2384:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 21.
2338:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 18.
2292:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 42.
208:Mesopotamian king on the Gebel el-Arak knife
4920:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
4556:Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie
2519:. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15.
1760:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 424–425.
1616:. Collection SOLO. Paris: Musée du Louvre.
1614:Le poignard égyptien dit "du Gebel el-Arak"
1218:incense burner fragments and reconstitution
1069:The first known Egyptian fresco, Tomb 100,
253:at an early date, in an example of ancient
3298:
3284:
2941:
2381:Ancient Egyptians: Life in the Pyramid Age
1834:
1687:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
5342:Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
3102:
3100:
2820:
2767:
2765:
2671:
2481:
2479:
2130:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
196:the first chapter of the history of Egypt
6133:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
6051:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
5672:Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
5009:Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation
4507:Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville
4253:Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople
4204:Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine
3038:
2718:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation
2438:
2331:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
1792:
874:Mesopotamian scenes, hunting of animals
5241:Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua
4599:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
4005:Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs
3064:
2771:
2741:
2407:
2403:
2401:
1753:
1611:
1525:Egyptian knife handle, circa 3200 BCE.
1477:National Archaeological Museum (France)
6242:
6088:Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks
3543:Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription
3221:
3193:
3163:
3097:
2778:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 424.
2762:
2628:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2476:
2414:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 424.
2223:
1723:
1572:
510:Width of the blade inside the handle:
494:Thickness of the blade at its center:
333:were taking place at this time at the
301:, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of
174:département des Antiquités égyptiennes
153:
6082:Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana
4617:Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene
4313:A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother
3971:
3380:
3317:
3279:
3159:
3157:
2880:
2816:
2814:
2798:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2539:
2433:
2431:
2377:
2358:
2312:
2285:
2244:
2164:Mesnil du Buisson, Robert du (1969).
2020:
2018:
2016:
1749:
1747:
1541:Prehistoric knife, Naqada II period,
776:(now both identified with the planet
5305:The Battle Between Love and Chastity
5147:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
5116:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
5066:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
4883:Three Scenes from the Life of Esther
4475:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
4168:The Intervention of the Sabine Women
3226:. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 29ff.
3000:British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt
2714:
2597:
2512:
2495:Desert Animals in the Eastern Sahara
2398:
2186:
1825:www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1g69z2n.9.
1661:
1463:and an ibex The knife is now in the
1385:chasing after an oryx. Finally, two
142:, where it is now on display in the
4673:Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
3648:Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming
3222:Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (1992).
3164:Honoré, Emmanuelle (January 2007).
2823:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2775:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
2674:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2552:
2501:
2411:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
2265:. Peeters Publishers. p. 894.
2189:Legend, the Genesis of Civilisation
1757:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
1167:Shaven-headed man with beard, from
784:said the central figure is the god
502:Length of blade inside the handle:
13:
6275:Sculpture of the Ancient Near East
6265:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre
6076:Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
6057:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
5392:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
5286:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
5141:The Healing of Justinian the Canon
4990:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
3215:
3154:
2899:
2811:
2584:
2428:
2201:Sumerian King List column III, 1-5
2013:
1782:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1744:
1645:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1467:under the catalog number CG 14265.
1349:in the Tomb 32 at Abu Zeidan near
1045:–3200 BCE), with the scene of the
486:Width of the blade at its center:
354:, a type of Egyptian flint called
14:
6316:
5832:The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam
5697:Madonna and Child with Two Donors
4283:The Murder of the Bishop of Liège
3305:
3241:
2923:L'Art de l'Ancien Empire égyptien
1915:C2RMF report, M. Christensen 1999
1899:Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur
1837:Journal of Archaeological Science
1329:Knife handle detail with animals.
1283:
6224:
6223:
5761:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
5540:(also attributed to Giorgione);
4624:Philippe de Champaigne
4611:Magdalene with the Smoking Flame
3483:Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
2883:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2801:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2542:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2361:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2315:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
1534:
1518:
1500:
1484:
1322:
1300:
1259:
1235:
1223:
1208:
1192:
1176:
1160:
1129:
1115:
1101:
1087:
1062:
1009:
997:
978:
966:
954:
942:
919:
907:
895:
880:
868:
733:
721:
613:
601:
589:
577:
446:
434:
422:
410:
266:
230:
214:
29:
6255:1914 archaeological discoveries
5900:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
5780:Card Players in a Rich Interior
5449:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
5410:Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan
5336:Piero della Francesca
4686:Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
4407:The Woman with a Gambling Mania
3381:
3187:
3176:
3128:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
3119:
3093:available copyright-free online
3077:
3058:
3032:
3013:
2992:
2979:
2954:
2935:
2912:
2893:
2874:
2857:
2792:
2735:
2708:
2665:
2621:
2607:. Open Road Media. p. 22.
2533:
2459:
2371:
2352:
2325:
2306:
2279:
2230:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 10–14.
2217:
2204:
2195:
2180:
2157:
2124:
2082:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2069:
2027:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1971:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1962:
1938:
1918:
1909:
1890:
1863:
1828:
1818:
1805:
1730:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 10–14.
687:1.3 centimetres (0.51 in)
679:2.0 centimetres (0.79 in)
671:1.2 centimetres (0.47 in)
497:0.6 centimetres (0.24 in)
481:18.8 centimetres (7.4 in)
370:Roughing of the original stone.
56:25.5 centimetres (10.0 in)
5806:The Money Changer and His Wife
4826:Antonello da Messina
4593:The Adoration of the Shepherds
4457:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole
3845:Hercules and the lion of Nemea
3029:on the British Museum website.
2513:King, Leonard William (1918).
1774:
1717:
1708:
1681:
1655:
695:1.0 centimetre (0.39 in)
663:4.2 centimetres (1.7 in)
655:9.5 centimetres (3.7 in)
513:3.7 centimetres (1.5 in)
505:2.8 centimetres (1.1 in)
489:5.7 centimetres (2.2 in)
340:
1:
5906:Helena Fourment with Children
5659:Triptych of the Sedano family
4699:Principal Monuments of France
4544:Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière
3972:
3725:Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
3643:Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III
3002:, Thames & Hudson, 1996,
1566:
1551:period of a few generations.
1147:Some of the figures found in
1074:
1039:
373:Preformation of the blade by
292:
68:
5819:Diptych of an elderly couple
5767:Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
5386:Madonna with the Blue Diadem
4996:Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
4186:The Loves of Paris and Helen
3930:Winged Victory of Samothrace
3900:The Exaltation of the Flower
3453:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
3318:
2998:S. Quirke and A.J. Spencer:
2772:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
2408:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
1857:10.1016/0305-4403(84)90023-2
1754:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
1029:
766:flanked by two upright lions
740:Outline of remaining designs
7:
5949:Dune Landscape near Haarlem
5875:Saint Matthew and the Angel
5710:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
5416:Self-Portrait with a Friend
5028:An Old Man and his Grandson
4763:The Embarkation for Cythera
4667:The Inspiration of the Poet
4562:Portrait of Monsieur Bertin
4326:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
4295:Portrait of Frédéric Chopin
4289:Orphan Girl at the Cemetery
4210:Portrait of Madame Récamier
3850:Judgement of Paris (mosaic)
3815:Dinos of the Gorgon Painter
3266:Poignard "du Gebel el-Arak"
2570:. Eisenbrauns. p. 14.
2472:. Putnam. 1966. p. 15.
2439:Beaujard, Philippe (2019).
2131:Watterson, Barbara (1997).
1694:. Eisenbrauns. p. 10.
1612:Delange, Élisabeth (2009).
1554:
782:Robert du Mesnil du Buisson
708:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
694:
686:
678:
670:
662:
654:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
463:Predynastic period of Egypt
255:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
158:
10:
6321:
5736:Catharina Both-van der Eem
5462:Portrait of a Clad Warrior
5368:Angel Holding a Phylactery
5047:Adoration of the Shepherds
4364:Adoration of the Shepherds
4259:Liberty Leading the People
4162:The Coronation of Napoleon
4156:Andromache Mourning Hector
4018:Artists in Isabey's Studio
3880:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
3865:Marcellus as Hermes Logios
3588:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
3523:Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
3224:A History of Ancient Egypt
2224:Cooper, Jerrol S. (1996).
1724:Cooper, Jerrol S. (1996).
1527:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1473:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1403:Metropolitan Museum of Art
851:Metropolitan Museum of Art
752:Metropolitan Museum of Art
748:Metropolitan Museum of Art
705:
701:
555:, and probably received a
524:The handle is made of the
199:(emphasis in the original)
6219:
6187:
6148:
6034:
6025:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
5869:Philosopher in Meditation
5597:
5543:Saint Jerome in Penitence
5481:Birth of John the Baptist
5228:The Carrying of the Cross
5172:Saint Jerome in Penitence
5160:Christ Carrying the Cross
4933:The Sermon of St. Stephen
4802:
4247:The Death of Sardanapalus
4216:Portrait of Pope Pius VII
3982:
3978:
3967:
3938:
3701:
3663:Khonsuemheb and the Ghost
3611:
3391:
3387:
3376:
3324:
3313:
3194:Holmes, Diane L. (1989).
2748:. Routledge. p. 94.
2721:. Routledge. p. 94.
1928:, 1984, p. 37 & 153,
1872:Dagger from Gebel el-Arak
1294:Ritual knife with animals
1109:Individual fighting scene
1054:
1016:Egyptian-type bow-shaped
863:(details of the reliefs)
858:
825:Egyptian disk-shaped mace
519:
130:was purchased in 1914 in
100:
89:
77:
60:
52:
44:
28:
23:
6000:van der Weyden
5575:The Battle of San Romano
5513:The Entombment of Christ
5507:The Crowning with Thorns
5380:Holy Family of Francis I
5329:Young Saint with a Sword
4819:Coronation of the Virgin
4501:The Flood of Saint-Cloud
3468:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
2742:Bestock, Laurel (2017).
2332:Thompson, Jason (2008).
1151:, or the enemies of the
746:The knife handle of the
596:front face of the handle
453:Detail of the serrations
441:Detail of the serrations
345:
6250:4th-millennium BC works
6101:The Birth of the Virgin
5857:Landscape with a Castle
4870:Portrait of a Young Man
4520:The Apotheosis of Homer
4389:The 1821 Derby at Epsom
4265:Lion Devouring a Rabbit
4174:Leonidas at Thermopylae
4068:Boy with a Spinning-Top
3890:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
3463:Hurrian foundation pegs
3438:Bushel with ibex motifs
3268:, official site of the
2715:Kemp, Barry J. (2007).
2187:Rohl, David M. (1988).
1950:La Pierre prehistorique
1815:, devis du 31 mars 1933
692:Thickness of the knob:
584:back face of the handle
543:", which is the tip of
5924:Marie de' Medici cycle
5355:Portrait of a Princess
5215:Triumph of the Virtues
5197:Madonna della Vittoria
5110:Saint John the Baptist
5053:Marriage of the Virgin
4661:The Funeral of Phocion
4568:Roger Freeing Angelica
4550:Oedipus and the Sphinx
4413:The Wounded Cuirassier
4401:The Raft of the Medusa
4332:The Children of Edward
4111:The Toilette of Esther
4031:The Brunette Odalisque
3538:Phoenician metal bowls
3083:James Edward Quibell:
2966:www.brooklynmuseum.org
2286:Isler, Martin (2001).
1123:Hunting dog on a leash
315:
277:and dated to 3300 BC.
203:
136:Georges Aaron Bénédite
96:, Sully wing, room 633
83:Georges Aaron Bénédite
6006:Annunciation Triptych
5961:Storm Off a Sea Coast
5851:Bathsheba at Her Bath
5685:Charles I at the Hunt
5519:Madonna of the Rabbit
5475:Adoration of the Magi
4395:The Charging Chasseur
4277:The Massacre at Chios
4192:Minerva Fighting Mars
3668:Raherka and Meresankh
3658:Great Sphinx of Tanis
3563:Stele of the Vultures
3433:Baal with Thunderbolt
3428:Assyrian lion weights
3344:Pavillon de l'Horloge
2139:. Blackwell. p.
1662:Mark, Samuel (2006).
1201:Gebel Sheikh Suleiman
1073:, Naqada II culture (
569:details of the handle
307:
237:Mesopotamian king as
182:
48:Elephant ivory, flint
6260:Art of ancient Egypt
5912:Hercules and Omphale
5793:The Four Evangelists
5191:Judgement of Solomon
5135:Barbadori Altarpiece
5098:La belle ferronnière
4832:Christ at the Column
4731:A Mediterranean Port
4605:Joseph the Carpenter
4580:The Valpinçon Bather
4488:Jeune fille en buste
3925:Winged Lion of Vulci
3870:Nazareth Inscription
3518:Nazareth Inscription
3423:Amarna letter EA 367
3418:Amarna letter EA 365
3413:Amarna letter EA 364
3408:Amarna letter EA 362
2378:Kamil, Jill (1996).
1056:Hierakonpolis fresco
792:identifies him with
676:Length of the knob:
660:Width of the basis:
402:Details of the blade
144:Sully wing, room 633
5640:Lamentation (Pietà)
5588:The Wedding at Cana
5549:Woman with a Mirror
5374:La belle jardinière
5122:Virgin of the Rocks
4908:Death of the Virgin
4781:Jupiter and Antiope
4241:The Bride of Abydos
4235:The Barque of Dante
4198:Oath of the Horatii
4143:The Bridge at Narni
3946:Harbaville Triptych
3810:Diana of Versailles
3795:Boscoreale Treasure
3775:Borghese Collection
3730:Antinous Mondragone
3621:Gebel el-Arak Knife
3593:Worshipper of Larsa
3578:Tiara of Saitaferne
3553:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
3493:Manishtushu Obelisk
2637:(4): 566, image 8.
1879:on 16 November 2020
1849:1984JArSc..11..433K
860:Gebel el-Arak Knife
684:Width of the knob:
668:Average thickness:
154:Purchase and origin
124:Egyptian prehistory
116:Jebel el-Arak Knife
112:Gebel el-Arak Knife
24:Gebel el-Arak Knife
6295:Individual weapons
5653:Cervara Altarpiece
5299:Apollo and Daphnis
4984:Allegory of Virtue
4914:The Fortune Teller
4744:Allegory of Wealth
4438:The Father's Curse
3999:Diana the Huntress
3951:Lampsacus Treasure
3780:Borghese Gladiator
3765:Athena of Velletri
3755:Apollo Sauroctonos
3750:Apollo of Piombino
3693:Statue of Karomama
3678:Tomb of Akhethetep
3508:Namara inscription
3403:ʿAin Ghazal statue
3025:2015-10-18 at the
1924:Winifred Needler:
1786:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1649:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1095:Master of animals.
620:side of the handle
608:side of the handle
375:percussion flaking
6290:Prehistoric Egypt
6237:
6236:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
5723:The Tree of Crows
5562:Pietà with Saints
5422:Small Holy Family
4649:Et in Arcadia ego
4444:The Village Bride
4432:The Broken Vessel
4426:The Bible Reading
4271:Mademoiselle Rose
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3830:Furietti Centaurs
3673:Stela of Pasenhor
3627:The Seated Scribe
3558:Statue of Ebih-Il
3498:Masub inscription
3448:Code of Hammurabi
3372:
3371:
3354:Pyramide inversée
3339:Pavillon de Flore
3020:Pitt-Rivers knife
2962:"Brooklyn Museum"
2881:Josephson, Jack.
2799:Josephson, Jack.
2785:978-1-118-32509-4
2755:978-1-134-85626-8
2728:978-1-134-56389-0
2614:978-1-5040-6059-2
2577:978-0-931464-96-6
2540:Josephson, Jack.
2452:978-1-108-42456-1
2421:978-1-118-32509-4
2391:978-977-424-392-9
2359:Josephson, Jack.
2345:978-977-416-091-2
2313:Josephson, Jack.
2299:978-0-8061-3342-3
2272:978-90-429-1469-8
1958:978-2-9506212-0-7
1944:Francois Poplin:
1701:978-0-931464-96-6
1561:Master of Animals
1508:Pitt-Rivers knife
1493:Gebel-Tarif knife
1457:Gebel-Tarif knife
1410:Pitt-Rivers knife
1395:Scorpion Macehead
1347:Jacques de Morgan
1199:Petroglyphs from
1145:
1144:
1047:Master of animals
1027:
1026:
932:Sumerian religion
888:Master of animals
810:Master of Animals
762:Master of Animals
699:
698:
541:Master of Animals
535:, and not from a
517:
516:
467:use-wear analysis
239:Master of Animals
200:
108:
107:
6312:
6227:
6226:
6198:
6174:
6161:
6129:
6116:
6107:The Young Beggar
6097:
6072:
6047:
6021:
6002:
5983:
5970:
5955:The Ray of Light
5945:
5930:The Village Fête
5896:
5841:
5828:
5815:
5802:
5789:
5776:
5757:
5732:
5719:
5706:
5681:
5668:
5649:
5636:
5623:
5610:
5584:
5571:
5558:
5537:Pastoral Concert
5525:Man with a Glove
5503:
5490:
5471:
5458:
5445:
5431:
5364:
5351:
5338:
5320:(with Ingegno);
5295:
5282:
5269:
5256:
5237:
5224:
5181:
5156:
5131:
5088:
5075:
5062:
5043:
5024:
5005:
4978:Allegory of Vice
4974:
4961:
4942:
4929:
4904:
4879:
4854:
4845:The Four Seasons
4841:
4828:
4815:
4759:
4750:Hesselin Madonna
4740:
4727:
4714:
4695:
4682:
4655:The Four Seasons
4639:
4626:
4589:
4574:The Turkish Bath
4532:Grande Odalisque
4516:
4497:
4484:
4453:
4422:
4385:
4360:
4347:
4338:The Young Martyr
4322:
4307:Women of Algiers
4231:
4152:
4139:
4126:
4099:Aline Chassériau
4095:
4052:
4027:
4014:
3995:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3968:
3885:Sleeping Ariadne
3835:Gladiator Mosaic
3800:Cupid and Psyche
3745:Apollo of Mantua
3740:Apollo Belvedere
3633:Banishment Stela
3583:Vase of Entemena
3443:Cippi of Melqart
3389:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3329:Louvre Colonnade
3315:
3314:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3237:
3210:
3209:
3191:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3123:
3117:
3115:Available online
3104:
3095:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3036:
3030:
3017:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2933:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2900:Dreyer, Günter.
2897:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2631:The Art Bulletin
2625:
2619:
2618:
2595:
2582:
2581:
2561:
2550:
2549:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2510:
2499:
2498:
2488:Darnell, John C.
2483:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2022:
2011:
2010:
1966:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1875:, archived from
1867:
1861:
1860:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1609:
1538:
1522:
1504:
1488:
1387:electric catfish
1345:, discovered by
1326:
1304:
1263:
1239:
1227:
1212:
1196:
1180:
1164:
1133:
1119:
1105:
1091:
1079:
1076:
1066:
1052:
1044:
1041:
1013:
1001:
982:
970:
958:
946:
923:
911:
899:
884:
872:
856:
768:symbolising the
737:
725:
649:
648:
617:
605:
593:
581:
475:
474:
450:
438:
426:
414:
331:Thomas Eric Peet
270:
234:
218:
198:
90:Present location
73:
70:
33:
21:
20:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6280:31st century BC
6240:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6207:
6194:
6183:
6170:
6157:
6144:
6139:Saint Apollonia
6125:
6112:
6093:
6068:
6043:
6030:
6017:
6012:Braque Triptych
5998:
5979:
5966:
5941:
5892:
5837:
5824:
5811:
5798:
5785:
5772:
5753:
5748:The Lute Player
5728:
5715:
5702:
5677:
5664:
5645:
5632:
5619:
5606:
5593:
5580:
5567:
5554:
5499:
5486:
5467:
5454:
5441:
5427:
5360:
5347:
5334:
5291:
5278:
5265:
5252:
5233:
5220:
5209:Saint Sebastian
5177:
5152:
5127:
5084:
5071:
5058:
5039:
5020:
5001:
4970:
4957:
4938:
4925:
4900:
4875:
4858:Christ Blessing
4850:
4837:
4824:
4811:
4798:
4793:The Two Cousins
4755:
4736:
4723:
4710:
4691:
4678:
4635:
4630:Ex-Voto de 1662
4622:
4585:
4512:
4493:
4480:
4449:
4418:
4381:
4356:
4343:
4318:
4227:
4148:
4135:
4122:
4117:The Two Sisters
4091:
4048:
4023:
4010:
3991:
3974:
3955:
3934:
3855:Lady of Auxerre
3825:Eurytios Krater
3770:Barberini ivory
3735:Antioch mosaics
3710:
3697:
3688:Hunters Palette
3607:
3598:Yehawmilk Stele
3568:Stele of Zakkur
3548:Sidon Mithraeum
3458:Gudea cylinders
3396:and Middle East
3395:
3383:
3368:
3364:Medieval Louvre
3320:
3309:
3304:
3262:
3244:
3234:
3218:
3216:Further reading
3213:
3206:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3177:
3162:
3155:
3124:
3120:
3105:
3098:
3085:Archaic Objects
3082:
3078:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3037:
3033:
3027:Wayback Machine
3018:
3014:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2940:
2936:
2917:
2913:
2898:
2894:
2879:
2875:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2835:10.2307/3855778
2819:
2812:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2709:
2686:10.2307/3855778
2670:
2666:
2643:10.2307/3045984
2626:
2622:
2615:
2596:
2585:
2578:
2562:
2553:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2511:
2502:
2484:
2477:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2330:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2256:
2245:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2185:
2181:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2129:
2125:
2074:
2070:
2023:
2014:
1967:
1963:
1943:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1660:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1624:
1610:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1489:
1465:Egyptian Museum
1444:, oryxes and a
1343:Brooklyn Museum
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1313:Brooklyn Museum
1305:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1276:Brooklyn Museum
1274:3800-3400 BCE,
1264:
1255:
1252:Brooklyn Museum
1250:3800-3400 BCE,
1240:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1172:
1165:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1042:
1032:
1021:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
983:
974:
971:
962:
959:
947:
935:
924:
915:
912:
903:
900:
891:
885:
873:
862:
758:
757:
756:
755:
743:
742:
741:
738:
730:
729:
726:
717:
716:
710:
704:
626:
625:
624:
621:
618:
609:
606:
597:
594:
585:
582:
571:
570:
522:
459:
458:
457:
454:
451:
442:
439:
430:
427:
418:
415:
404:
403:
348:
343:
327:Édouard Naville
323:Flinders Petrie
319:Émile Amélineau
295:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
271:
263:
262:
235:
227:
226:
219:
210:
209:
161:
156:
94:Musée du Louvre
71:
40:
37:Musée du Louvre
17:
12:
11:
5:
6318:
6308:
6307:
6305:Gerzeh culture
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6168:
6154:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6123:
6110:
6091:
6066:
6040:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6015:
5996:
5987:The Astronomer
5977:
5964:
5939:
5890:
5887:Slaughtered Ox
5835:
5822:
5809:
5796:
5783:
5770:
5751:
5742:The Gypsy Girl
5726:
5713:
5700:
5675:
5662:
5643:
5630:
5617:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5578:
5565:
5552:
5497:
5484:
5465:
5452:
5439:
5438:(with Raphael)
5425:
5389:(with Penni);
5358:
5345:
5332:
5289:
5276:
5263:
5250:
5231:
5218:
5175:
5150:
5125:
5082:
5069:
5056:
5037:
5018:
5015:Reign of Comus
4999:
4968:
4955:
4936:
4923:
4898:
4873:
4848:
4835:
4822:
4808:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4753:
4734:
4721:
4708:
4689:
4676:
4633:
4620:
4583:
4510:
4491:
4478:
4447:
4416:
4379:
4354:
4341:
4316:
4225:
4146:
4133:
4120:
4089:
4046:
4021:
4008:
3988:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3920:Venus of Arles
3917:
3915:Venus Genetrix
3912:
3907:
3905:Venus and Mars
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Las Incantadas
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Diana of Gabii
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Borghese Venus
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Dendera zodiac
3650:
3645:
3640:
3638:Bentresh stela
3635:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Louvre Pyramid
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3242:External links
3240:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3186:
3175:
3153:
3140:10.1086/373253
3134:(4): 245–285.
3118:
3096:
3076:
3057:
3049:
3043:. The Museum.
3031:
3012:
2991:
2987:online catalog
2978:
2953:
2934:
2931:978-2110042644
2911:
2892:
2873:
2856:
2810:
2791:
2784:
2761:
2754:
2734:
2727:
2707:
2664:
2620:
2613:
2583:
2576:
2551:
2532:
2525:
2500:
2475:
2458:
2451:
2427:
2420:
2397:
2390:
2370:
2351:
2344:
2324:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2271:
2243:
2236:
2216:
2203:
2194:
2179:
2156:
2149:
2123:
2094:10.1086/373253
2068:
2039:10.1086/373253
2033:(4): 245–285.
2012:
1983:10.1086/373253
1961:
1937:
1917:
1908:
1889:
1862:
1827:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1773:
1766:
1743:
1736:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1680:
1673:978-1585445301
1672:
1654:
1629:
1622:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1512:British Museum
1506:
1499:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1469:
1468:
1453:
1422:British Museum
1406:
1399:Narmer palette
1393:, such as the
1328:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:Similar knives
1282:
1281:
1280:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1207:
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1024:
1023:
1022:
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1003:
996:
994:
984:
977:
975:
972:
965:
963:
960:
953:
949:
948:Battle scenes
939:
938:
937:
936:
925:
918:
916:
913:
906:
904:
901:
894:
892:
886:
879:
875:
865:
864:
812:images of the
802:Nicolas Grimal
745:
744:
739:
732:
731:
727:
720:
719:
718:
714:
713:
712:
711:
703:
700:
697:
696:
693:
689:
688:
685:
681:
680:
677:
673:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
652:Total length:
623:
622:
619:
612:
610:
607:
600:
598:
595:
588:
586:
583:
576:
573:
572:
568:
567:
566:
521:
518:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
478:Total length:
456:
455:
452:
445:
443:
440:
433:
431:
428:
421:
419:
416:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:
399:
398:
397:
390:
382:
378:
371:
347:
344:
342:
339:
294:
291:
272:
265:
264:
236:
229:
228:
220:
213:
212:
211:
207:
206:
205:
204:
160:
157:
155:
152:
106:
105:
102:
101:Identification
98:
97:
91:
87:
86:
79:
75:
74:
72: 3450 BC
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6317:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6230:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6204:
6203:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6115:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6102:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6071:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6007:
6001:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5993:The Lacemaker
5989:
5988:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5950:
5944:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5901:
5895:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:Self-Portrait
5877:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5827:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5788:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5775:
5774:de Hooch
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5756:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5737:
5731:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5705:
5704:van Eyck
5701:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5679:van Dyck
5676:
5674:
5673:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5635:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:Ship of Fools
5609:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5502:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:Self Portrait
5489:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5404:Saint Michael
5400:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5155:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5074:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4973:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:L'Indifférent
4771:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4222:Self-Portrait
4218:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:Self-Portrait
4101:
4100:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:Diana Bathing
4033:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3910:Venus de Milo
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Hera Borghese
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:Borghese Vase
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Ares Borghese
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3613:Ancient Egypt
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Neirab steles
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Lament for Ur
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3307:Louvre Museum
3301:
3296:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3233:0-631-19396-0
3229:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2982:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2766:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2526:9783748182030
2522:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2402:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2237:9780931464966
2233:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2150:0-631-21195-0
2146:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:The Egyptians
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:(6): 433–53.
1842:
1838:
1831:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1798:G. Bénédite:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1767:9781444333503
1763:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1737:9780931464966
1733:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1625:
1623:9782757202524
1619:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1544:
1543:Petrie Museum
1537:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:barbary sheep
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1185:Hierakonpolis
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:Hierakonpolis
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:Hierakonpolis
1132:
1127:
1118:
1113:
1104:
1099:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1071:Hierakonpolis
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1037:
1036:Hierakonpolis
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
981:
976:
969:
964:
957:
952:
951:
950:
945:
941:
940:
933:
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
898:
893:
889:
883:
878:
877:
876:
871:
867:
866:
861:
857:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
834:
833:Hierakonpolis
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Biblical Cush
795:
794:Meskiagkasher
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:Evening Stars
771:
767:
763:
753:
749:
736:
724:
709:
691:
690:
683:
682:
675:
674:
667:
666:
659:
658:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
631:
616:
611:
604:
599:
592:
587:
580:
575:
574:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
527:
509:
508:
501:
500:
493:
492:
485:
484:
477:
476:
473:
470:
468:
464:
449:
444:
437:
432:
425:
420:
413:
408:
407:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
369:
368:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
312:
306:
304:
300:
290:
280:
279:Louvre Museum
276:
269:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
233:
224:
223:Louvre Museum
217:
202:
197:
192:
188:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
6200:
6195:
6176:
6171:
6163:
6158:
6137:
6131:
6126:
6120:The Clubfoot
6118:
6113:
6105:
6099:
6094:
6086:
6080:
6074:
6069:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6044:
6023:
6018:
6010:
6004:
5999:
5991:
5985:
5980:
5972:
5967:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5942:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5838:
5830:
5825:
5817:
5812:
5804:
5799:
5791:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5765:
5759:
5754:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5729:
5721:
5716:
5708:
5703:
5695:
5689:
5683:
5678:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5633:
5625:
5620:
5612:
5607:
5586:
5581:
5573:
5568:
5560:
5555:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5500:
5492:
5487:
5479:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5433:
5428:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5398:Saint George
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5361:
5353:
5348:
5340:
5335:
5327:
5323:St Sebastian
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5292:
5284:
5280:Parmigianino
5279:
5273:Ancient Rome
5271:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5245:
5239:
5234:
5226:
5221:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5178:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5128:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5059:
5051:
5045:
5040:
5032:
5026:
5021:
5013:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4958:
4950:
4944:
4939:
4931:
4926:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4887:
4881:
4876:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4851:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4813:Fra Angelico
4812:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4769:The Faux Pas
4767:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4724:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4697:
4692:
4684:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4636:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4587:La Tour
4586:
4578:
4572:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4513:
4505:
4499:
4494:
4486:
4481:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4357:
4349:
4344:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4319:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4130:Village Fête
4128:
4123:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4086:Saying Grace
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4024:
4016:
4011:
4003:
3997:
3992:
3875:Rampin Rider
3683:Bull Palette
3625:
3620:
3603:Ziwiye hoard
3573:Tayma stones
3533:Osorkon Bust
3488:Lion of Mari
3223:
3195:
3189:
3178:
3169:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3110:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3040:
3034:
3015:
2999:
2994:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
2965:
2956:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2922:
2919:E. G. Dreyer
2914:
2905:
2895:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2859:
2826:
2822:
2804:
2794:
2774:
2744:
2737:
2717:
2710:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2603:
2566:
2545:
2535:
2515:
2494:
2468:
2461:
2441:
2410:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2354:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2308:
2288:
2281:
2260:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2134:
2126:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2030:
2026:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1925:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1881:, retrieved
1877:the original
1871:
1865:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1756:
1726:
1719:
1710:
1690:
1683:
1663:
1657:
1648:
1613:
1549:
1507:
1492:
1470:
1456:
1426:ritual knife
1425:
1409:
1339:ritual knife
1338:
1309:ritual knife
1308:
1287:
1153:Bull Palette
1146:
1055:
1033:
859:
848:
841:
822:
806:Mesopotamian
759:
728:Knife handle
645:
642:
627:
537:hippopotamus
523:
471:
460:
385:
349:
335:Umm el-Qa'ab
316:
308:
296:
287:
195:
183:
173:
162:
115:
111:
109:
18:
6300:Uruk period
6063:Saint Louis
5627:The Beggars
5531:Pardo Venus
5260:Dead Christ
5185:Crucifixion
5022:Ghirlandaio
4301:The Picador
3720:Albani lion
3503:Mesha Stele
3382:Antiquities
3359:Cour Carrée
3334:Lescot Wing
3263:(in French)
3107:John Baines
2989:of the MET.
1475:and at the
1442:hartebeests
1418:Upper Egypt
1391:1st dynasty
1078: 3500
1043: 3500
990:Uruk period
928:Art of Uruk
545:pulp cavity
364:New Kingdom
360:Paleolithic
341:Description
299:Nag Hammadi
259:Uruk period
165:philologist
65:Naqada II d
6244:Categories
5488:Tintoretto
5469:Signorelli
5254:Palmezzano
5034:Visitation
4902:Caravaggio
4877:Botticelli
4839:Arcimboldo
4093:Chassériau
4074:The Buffet
3820:Dying Gaul
3205:0860546012
3073:: 187–217.
3050:0872730999
3008:0500279020
2889:: 169–170.
2497:: 189-244.
2367:: 165–175.
2321:: 166–167.
2088:(4): 251.
1977:(4): 245.
1934:0872730999
1905:: 185–225.
1567:References
1080:–3200 BCE)
837:Naqada III
790:David Rohl
754:(26.241.1)
706:See also:
637:microburin
362:up to the
293:Provenance
122:period of
81:Bought by
78:Discovered
6159:Bonington
5839:Rembrandt
5717:Friedrich
5349:Pisanello
5203:Parnassus
5104:Mona Lisa
4972:Correggio
4927:Carpaccio
4383:Géricault
4358:Fragonard
4320:Delaroche
4229:Delacroix
3993:Anonymous
3973:Paintings
3939:Byzantine
3393:Near East
3148:162209013
2950:: 425–46.
2843:0307-5133
2694:0307-5133
2651:0004-3079
2599:Shaw, Ian
2118:162209013
2102:0022-2968
2063:162209013
2047:0022-2968
2007:162209013
1991:0022-2968
1272:Naqada II
1248:Naqada II
1030:Parallels
1018:Nile boat
814:Late Uruk
561:gold leaf
394:serration
120:Naqada II
6229:Category
6188:American
6127:Zurbarán
6045:El Greco
5968:Scheffer
5943:Ruisdael
5787:Jordaens
5634:Christus
5599:Northern
5582:Veronese
5443:Salviati
5293:Perugino
5179:Mantegna
5086:Leonardo
5041:Giordano
4940:Carracci
4712:Scheffer
4376:The Bolt
4361::
4345:Flandrin
3712:Etruscan
3319:Building
3091:, 1904,
3023:Archived
2985:See the
2829:: 5–18.
2601:(2019).
2210:Grimal,
2176:: 63–83.
1555:See also
1270:- Early
1268:Naqada I
1246:- Early
1244:Naqada I
987:Sumerian
839:period.
818:Naqada I
530:elephant
187:Chaldean
159:Purchase
138:for the
45:Material
6199::
6175::
6162::
6150:English
6130::
6117::
6098::
6095:Murillo
6073::
6048::
6036:Spanish
6022::
6019:Wtewael
6003::
5984::
5981:Vermeer
5971::
5946::
5897::
5842::
5829::
5816::
5813:Memling
5803::
5790::
5777::
5758::
5755:Holbein
5733::
5720::
5707::
5682::
5669::
5650::
5637::
5624::
5621:Bruegel
5611::
5585::
5572::
5569:Uccello
5559::
5504::
5491::
5472::
5459::
5456:Savoldo
5446::
5432::
5365::
5362:Raphael
5352::
5339::
5296::
5283::
5270::
5257::
5238::
5235:Moretto
5225::
5222:Martini
5182::
5157::
5132::
5092:Bacchus
5089::
5076::
5063::
5044::
5025::
5006::
4975::
4962::
4959:Cimabue
4952:Hunting
4946:Fishing
4943::
4930::
4905::
4880::
4855::
4852:Bellini
4842::
4829::
4816::
4804:Italian
4787:Pierrot
4760::
4757:Watteau
4741::
4728::
4715::
4696::
4683::
4680:Quarton
4640::
4637:Poussin
4627::
4590::
4517::
4498::
4485::
4454::
4423::
4386::
4348::
4323::
4232::
4153::
4140::
4127::
4096::
4080:The Ray
4053::
4050:Chardin
4028::
4025:Boucher
4015::
3996::
3513:Narundi
2971:9 March
2851:3855778
2702:3855778
2659:3045984
2214:, p. 36
2212:op.cit.
1883:9 March
1845:Bibcode
1461:griffin
1430:jackals
1379:bustard
1371:giraffe
1341:of the
770:Morning
702:Reliefs
553:beveled
176:of the
170:archaic
114:, also
104:E 11517
61:Created
6285:Knives
6196:Leutze
6114:Ribera
5894:Rubens
5800:Matsys
5501:Titian
5429:Romano
5267:Panini
5073:Guardi
5060:Giotto
4965:Maestà
4725:Vernet
4693:Robert
4514:Ingres
4482:Guérin
4420:Greuze
4124:Claude
4012:Boilly
3984:French
3703:Greece
3270:Louvre
3230:
3202:
3146:
3047:
3006:
2929:
2849:
2841:
2782:
2752:
2725:
2700:
2692:
2680:: 17.
2657:
2649:
2611:
2574:
2548:: 166.
2523:
2449:
2418:
2388:
2342:
2296:
2269:
2234:
2147:
2116:
2110:544868
2108:
2100:
2061:
2055:544868
2053:
2045:
2005:
1999:544868
1997:
1989:
1956:
1932:
1764:
1734:
1698:
1670:
1620:
1450:Abydos
1381:and a
1367:bovids
1363:oryxes
1355:storks
1216:Qustul
829:Abydos
528:of an
520:Handle
381:blade.
311:Abydos
303:Abydos
243:Abydos
178:Louvre
148:Abydos
140:Louvre
6172:Lewis
5826:Metsu
5666:Dürer
5647:David
5608:Bosch
5154:Lotto
5129:Lippi
5003:Costa
4738:Vouet
4150:David
4137:Corot
3144:S2CID
2847:JSTOR
2698:JSTOR
2655:JSTOR
2114:S2CID
2106:JSTOR
2059:S2CID
2051:JSTOR
2003:S2CID
1995:JSTOR
1813:AE 16
1432:, an
1414:Sohag
1375:heron
1359:lions
778:Venus
634:silex
557:crimp
526:ivory
392:Fine
356:chert
352:flint
346:Blade
251:Egypt
247:Egypt
191:Gudea
132:Cairo
128:knife
67:from
6070:Goya
5730:Hals
5556:Tura
4495:Huet
4451:Gros
3707:Rome
3705:and
3228:ISBN
3200:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3004:ISBN
2973:2018
2927:ISBN
2839:ISSN
2780:ISBN
2750:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2690:ISSN
2647:ISSN
2609:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2262:2002
2232:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2098:ISSN
2043:ISSN
1987:ISSN
1954:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1885:2018
1762:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1491:The
1455:The
1438:deer
1436:, a
1434:ibis
1408:The
1397:and
1377:, a
1373:, a
1365:and
1351:Edfu
1337:The
1307:The
930:and
831:and
772:and
630:knob
549:tang
533:tusk
329:and
275:Uruk
110:The
53:Size
3136:doi
3087:in
2831:doi
2682:doi
2639:doi
2090:doi
2035:doi
1979:doi
1948:in
1853:doi
1416:in
1383:dog
844:lug
780:).
134:by
6246::
6136:;
6104:;
6085:;
6079:;
6060:;
6054:;
6009:;
5990:;
5958:;
5952:;
5933:;
5927:;
5921:;
5915:;
5909:;
5903:;
5884:;
5878:;
5872:;
5866:;
5860:;
5854:;
5848:;
5764:;
5745:;
5739:;
5694:;
5688:;
5656:;
5546:;
5534:;
5528:;
5522:;
5516:;
5510:;
5478:;
5419:;
5413:;
5407:;
5401:;
5395:;
5383:;
5377:;
5371:;
5326:;
5314:;
5308:;
5302:;
5244:;
5212:;
5206:;
5200:;
5194:;
5188:;
5169:;
5163:;
5144:;
5138:;
5119:;
5113:;
5107:;
5101:;
5095:;
5050:;
5031:;
5012:;
4993:;
4987:;
4981:;
4949:;
4917:;
4911:;
4892:;
4886:;
4867:;
4861:;
4790:;
4784:;
4778:;
4772:;
4766:;
4747:;
4702:;
4670:;
4664:;
4658:;
4652:;
4646:;
4614:;
4608:;
4602:;
4596:;
4577:;
4571:;
4565:;
4559:;
4553:;
4547:;
4541:;
4535:;
4529:;
4523:;
4504:;
4472:;
4466:;
4460:;
4441:;
4435:;
4429:;
4410:;
4404:;
4398:;
4392:;
4373:;
4367:;
4335:;
4329:;
4310:;
4304:;
4298:;
4292:;
4286:;
4280:;
4274:;
4268:;
4262:;
4256:;
4250:;
4244:;
4238:;
4219:;
4213:;
4207:;
4201:;
4195:;
4189:;
4183:;
4177:;
4171:;
4165:;
4159:;
4114:;
4108:;
4102:;
4083:;
4077:;
4071:;
4065:;
4059:;
4040:;
4034:;
4002:;
3168:.
3156:^
3142:.
3132:46
3130:.
3109::
3099:^
3071:54
3069:.
2964:.
2948:48
2946:.
2904:.
2885:.
2845:.
2837:.
2827:48
2825:.
2813:^
2803:.
2764:^
2696:.
2688:.
2678:48
2676:.
2653:.
2645:.
2635:75
2633:.
2586:^
2554:^
2544:.
2503:^
2493:.
2478:^
2430:^
2400:^
2363:.
2317:.
2246:^
2174:68
2172:.
2168:.
2143:.
2141:41
2112:.
2104:.
2096:.
2086:46
2084:.
2080:.
2057:.
2049:.
2041:.
2031:46
2029:.
2015:^
2001:.
1993:.
1985:.
1975:46
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