1051:
44:
340:
He then turned his attention to the numerous
Ethiopians who had crossed over to the Imam's side, either to further themselves or out of self-preservation. While some presented themselves to Gelawdewos expecting to be pardoned, only to be executed, to many others he granted his safe conduct, according
458:
In late 1549, Gelawdewos followed up with another large scale attack into Adal territory, and as the chronicler claims, âto ravage it like how the
Muslims ravaged the Christian highlandsâ. He spent five months in this operation during which he freed numerous Christian slaves that had been taken
544:
when he received a message from Emir Nur challenging him to combat. When the
Emperor met the Emir, a priest warned that the angel Gabriel had told him Gelawdewos would needlessly risk his lifeâwhich caused most of the Ethiopian army to flee.
348:, a Portuguese priest whom his father had sent as his ambassador to secure help from Portugal. Bermudes had represented himself in Europe as the Patriarch of Ethiopia, and once he returned to Ethiopia, he claimed he had been appointed by
415:. The young Emperor, Gelawdewos, made his way to confront him and Abbas rushed with his army to meet the Emperor. Gelawdewos was victorious in this engagement and Abbas with all his captains were killed. Galawdewos decided to remain in
446:
where he took much loot, slaves, gold and sliver and was said to have distributed it most generously among his subjects before returning six months later. The
Emperor then ordered Fanuâel to advance "into the country towards
294:. Despite his youth, over the next few months he made several successful attacks on the Adalite garrisons in northern Ethiopia. At the time of the Portuguese arrival in Ethiopia, Gelawdewos was in northern
298:
leading a small guerrilla movement against the Muslim occupation. When he heard of the
Portuguese arrival he marched northward to join them but the Portuguese had already started fighting
501:
invaded
Fatagar again with a force comprising 1800 horsemen and 500 riflemen, and numerous sword and bow-wielding troops. To face that threat, Gelawdewos ordered Ras Hamalmal of
494:. Gelawdewos relied on the resistance of the local population. In the area of Bur, the farmers killed many Turks and their commander, sending the latter's head to the Emperor.
1017:
525:
cavalry, who struck him fatally to the ground with their spears," according to
Pankhurst.Galawdewos was surrounded by about twenty horsemen who pierced his
521:
chronicle, Gelawdewos was killed in battle. "Early in the engagement Galawdéwos was hit by a bullet, but continued to fight until surrounded by a score of
419:
where he established his capital, stationed his royal court and built a palace there. Gelawdewos then conquered all of the Muslim provinces except for
345:
653:
388:
352:
as
Patriarch. According to Bermudes' own account of his time in Ethiopia, early in the reign of Gelawdewos he was banished to Gafat, south of the
423:. Among the provinces he conquered were Dawaro, Fetegar, Bali, and Hadiya. The Ethiopian king then focused on the southwestern side of Ethiopia.
1039:
615:
34:
439:
1790:
845:
History of the Oromo - AáčŁma
Giyorgis and his Work. History of the GÄllÄ and the Kingdom of Ć awÄ. Edited and translated by Bairu Tafla.
471:
1047:
1785:
427:
513:. Galawdewos then led his own troops, hastily assembled. On 23 March 1559, the imperial army met Nur ibn Mujahid force in the
442:
succeeded in repulsing him. Gelawdewos later arrived in the region where he took the offensive, he marched into the region of
434:, which was then inhabited by pagans. Whilst Gelawdewos was campaigning in the west, the Adalites would launch an invasion of
735:
708:
683:
333:
on 21 February 1543, defeating and killing the Imam. With Ahmad's death, Gelawdewos was easily able to eject the leaderless
1800:
1032:
368:
341:
to Miguel de
Castanhoso, "for there were so many that had he ordered all to be killed, he would have remained alone."
638:
1805:
955:
849:
286:, after the death of his father Gelawdewos succeeded to the throne on 2 September 1540 at the age of 18. During
49:
1025:
1059:
372:
874:
463:
and in his turn enslaved many Muslim captives. He also captured âAbbas, one of the principal figures of
1795:
1738:
676:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
475:
408:
322:
309:
The young emperor was able to make his way back up north where he met with the Portuguese survivors of
299:
287:
1725:
1069:
431:
1649:
426:
In early 1548, Gelawdewos led his army in campaign to the western fringes of the Empire, perhaps in
1102:
540:
tells a slightly different account, adding that Gelawdewos had been supervising the restoration of
443:
420:
404:
380:
552:
and his head, which was brought back to Ethiopia by some traders, was buried in Ensaqya (now in
537:
1775:
807:"The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation"
1780:
916:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
506:
330:
8:
1747:
1734:
1055:
999:
247:
60:
631:
Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues
505:
and Ras Fasil to lead two armies against Harar, which they successfully took and killed
52:
609:
533:
460:
212:
548:
According to G. W. B. Huntingford, Gelawdewos' body was buried at Tadbaba Maryam near
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1421:
1407:
1258:
1077:
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731:
704:
679:
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514:
251:
224:
182:
135:
124:
88:
564:
Gelawdewos had no sons, but had two daughters named Sabana Giyorgis and Mashihawit.
1554:
1519:
1498:
1477:
1463:
1449:
1435:
1336:
1304:
1095:
1050:
536:, then rode off to plunder Ethiopian territory before returning home. The explorer
491:
239:
128:
108:
894:
479:
379:
helped his fellow Ethiopian Christians to remain "steadfast in their adherence to
1470:
1389:
853:
725:
518:
510:
498:
452:
310:
303:
104:
290:'s occupation of Abyssinia, Galawdewos initially took refuge in the province of
1702:
1216:
1146:
464:
809:, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Hamburg, 2016), p. 220, Chap. 38
1769:
1744:
1709:
1589:
1575:
1230:
1153:
522:
349:
259:
43:
1638:
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1603:
1596:
1582:
1533:
1265:
1195:
1188:
1139:
1088:
416:
384:
364:
337:
forces from the highlands without encountering any significant resistance.
314:
291:
283:
267:
202:
656:
states that Gelawdewos had a son, Na'od; this son is not mentioned in his
1674:
1660:
1505:
1484:
1414:
1400:
1202:
470:
After this campaign in the east, a number of revolts were suppressed, in
233:
161:
846:
411:. Abbas then launched a fierce attack on a number of Christian towns in
1681:
1428:
1322:
1293:
1209:
1167:
1132:
541:
960:
The historical geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704
1688:
1442:
1357:
1315:
1279:
353:
326:
399:
Following the Imam's death and defeat at Wanya Daga, the regions of
1568:
1540:
1526:
1512:
1456:
1371:
1343:
1244:
1237:
1223:
1181:
1174:
992:
864:
Solomon, "Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos", p. 248, Chap. 87
836:
Solomon, "Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos", p. 246, Chap. 84
827:
Solomon, "Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos", p. 237, Chap. 66
818:
Solomon, "Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos", p. 218, Chap. 33
451:" where he reportedly killed two prominent Muslim leaders, however
318:
279:
263:
250:
from 3 September 1540 until his death in 1559, and a member of the
192:
78:
914:
806:
1695:
1378:
1364:
1329:
1160:
502:
483:
344:
Following his victory at Wayna Daga, Gelawdewos had to deal with
177:
1350:
549:
487:
435:
400:
334:
701:
The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050
48:
Contemporary Portuguese depiction of Gelawdewos receiving the
1561:
1547:
1491:
1286:
1272:
448:
412:
295:
754:, 1902. (Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967), p. 86
317:
at the "Mountain of the Jews", which Whiteway identifies as
526:
407:
fell under the control of Vizier Abbas, the nephew of Imam
532:
Emir Nur had the Emperor's head sent to the country of
664:(London: Hakluyt Society, 1991), p. 112 and note.
258:(Ge'ez: á áœáá á°áá”). A male line descendant of medieval
587:
A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 2)
1743:
During that time, the imperial title was claimed by
752:
The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1441-1543
467:, although Emir Nur was able to escape once again.
359:In response to his arguments, Gelawdewos wrote his
660:. J. H. Arrowsmith-Brown, translator and editor,
517:at a place named Nech Sar, where, according to a
1767:
788:
786:
662:Prutky's Travels to Ethiopia and Other Countries
1737:, Haile Selassie went into exile following the
962:, (Oxford University Press: 1989), p. 135
24:
1033:
978:. Addis Ababa: Oxford University Press, 1967.
783:
699:Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975).
231:, 1521/1522 â 23 March 1559), also known as
723:
703:. Cambridge University Press. p. 181.
580:
578:
576:
1040:
1026:
698:
614:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
673:
599:
946:(New York: Praeger, 1966), pp. 183f
730:. Frank Cass & Company. p. 89.
589:. London: Methuen & Co. p. 356.
573:
1768:
912:
750:R.S. Whiteway, editor and translator,
628:
1021:
847:http://ethioobserver.net/Kambata2.htm
767:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), p. 95
584:
16:Emperor of Ethiopia from 1540 to 1559
902:. University of London. p. 184.
919:. UniversitÀt Hamburg. p. 233.
882:. Harar Tourism Bureau. p. 81.
556:) in the Tomb of Saint Gelawdewos.
13:
968:
892:
724:Trimmingham, John Spencer (1952).
678:. The Red Sea Press. p. 260.
474:, and Gambo provinces. During the
369:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
14:
1817:
1791:16th-century emperors of Ethiopia
913:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
1049:
956:George Wynn Brereton Huntingford
70:3 September 1540 â 23 March 1559
42:
1786:16th-century monarchs in Africa
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906:
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262:kings, he was a younger son of
976:The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles
944:First Footsteps in East Africa
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325:was camped near the shores of
273:
1:
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876:History of Harar and Hararis
585:Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928).
394:
391:and other 'unclean' foods."
321:. They soon discovered that
7:
1210:Zara Yaqob (Kwestantinos I)
674:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
10:
1822:
1739:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1224:Eskender (Kwestantinos II)
602:Le chronique de Galawdewos
476:Ottoman conquest of Habesh
323:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
228:
25:
1801:Monarchs killed in action
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1648:
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1303:
1096:Yagbe'u Seyon (Salomon I)
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1067:
1006:
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984:
974:Richard K. P. Pankhurst.
805:Solomon Gebreyes Beyene,
765:The Ethiopians: A History
633:. Routledge. p. 16.
629:Danver, Steven L (2015).
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509:, the last member of the
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538:Richard Francis Burton
438:. Gelawdewos's vassal
254:. His throne name was
931:Ethiopian Borderlands
794:Ethiopian Borderlands
778:Ethiopian Borderlands
604:. Paris. p. 135.
478:, the Ottomans under
363:, which defended the
313:and his mother Queen
1056:Emperors of Ethiopia
507:Barakat ibn Umar Din
455:was able to escape.
331:Battle of Wayna Daga
302:in the province] of
1806:AbyssinianâAdal War
1748:Victor Emmanuel III
1000:Emperor of Ethiopia
763:Richard Pankhurst,
361:Confession of Faith
329:and met him at the
248:Emperor of Ethiopia
61:Emperor of Ethiopia
1390:Era of the Princes
893:Hassan, Mohammad.
852:2019-01-27 at the
600:Conzelman (1895).
461:Ethiopian-Adal War
381:Sabbath observance
213:Ethiopian Orthodox
1796:Solomonic dynasty
1763:
1762:
1755:Emperor-in-exile.
1668:Tekle Giyorgis II
1422:Tekle Haymanot II
1408:Tekle Haymanot II
1078:Solomonic dynasty
1016:
1015:
1007:Succeeded by
737:978-0-7146-1731-2
727:Islam in Ethiopia
710:978-0-521-20981-6
685:978-0-932415-19-6
554:Antsokiyana Gemza
515:Battle of Fatagar
409:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim
373:Richard Pankhurst
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122:(aged 37â38)
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990:Preceded by
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942:Richard Burton,
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482:attacked seized
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183:House of Solomon
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109:Ethiopian Empire
53:Andrés de Oviedo
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969:Further reading
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534:Sa'ad ad-Din II
511:Walasma dynasty
499:Nur ibn Mujahid
453:Nur ibn Mujahid
397:
371:. According to
276:
256:Atsnaph Sagad I
141:
140:Sabana Giyorgis
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55:
50:Latin Patriarch
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985:Regnal titles
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979:
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967:
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933:, p. 246.
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1576:Gebre Krestos
1573:
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1231:Amda Seyon II
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796:, p. 244
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640:9781317464006
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529:with a lance
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480:Ăzdemir Pasha
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350:Pope Paul III
347:
346:JoĂŁo Bermudes
342:
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328:
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118:29 March 1559
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40:
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35:Negusa Nagast
31:
20:
1776:1520s births
1745:Italian King
1639:Sahle Dengel
1632:Yohannes III
1625:Sahle Dengel
1618:Yohannes III
1611:Sahle Dengel
1604:Yohannes III
1597:Sahle Dengel
1583:Sahle Dengel
1534:Egwale Seyon
1266:Sarsa Dengel
1251:
1196:Sarwe Iyasus
1189:Takla Maryam
1140:Amda Seyon I
1089:Yekuno Amlak
998:
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385:circumcision
376:
365:Miaphysitism
360:
358:
343:
339:
315:Seble Wongel
308:
284:Seble Wongel
277:
268:Seble Wongel
255:
232:
220:
219:
203:Seble Wongel
120:(1559-03-29)
33:
22:Galawdewos
1781:1559 deaths
1675:Yohannes IV
1661:Tewodros II
1653:(1855â1974)
1506:Salomon III
1485:Salomon III
1415:Susenyos II
1401:Yohannes II
1393:(1769â1855)
1308:(1632â1769)
1203:Amda Iyasus
1115:Qedma Asgad
1110:Hezba Asgad
1081:(1270â1632)
1070:Family tree
929:Pankhurst,
792:Pankhurst,
776:Pankhurst,
459:during the
288:Ahmed Gragn
278:The son of
274:Early reign
162:Regnal name
75:Predecessor
1770:Categories
1682:Menelik II
1429:Salomon II
1323:Yohannes I
1294:Susenyos I
1252:Gelawdewos
1168:Tewodros I
1133:Wedem Arad
1125:Saba Asgad
568:References
542:Debre Werq
387:, and the
377:Confession
300:Ahmad Gran
236:Gelawdewos
221:Galawdewos
142:Mashihawit
1735:1936â1941
1689:Lij Iyasu
1443:Iyasu III
1358:Dawit III
1316:Fasilides
1280:Za Dengel
1120:Jin Asgad
610:cite book
497:In 1559,
395:Campaigns
354:Blue Nile
327:Lake Tana
244:áá ááááŽáá”
102:1521/1522
85:Successor
26:áá ááááŽáá”
1733:Between
1569:Iyasu IV
1541:Iyoas II
1527:Demetros
1513:Demetros
1457:Hezqeyas
1372:Iyasu II
1344:Tewoflos
1245:Dawit II
1182:Andreyas
1175:Yeshaq I
993:Dawit II
850:Archived
319:Amba Sel
280:Dawit II
264:Dawit II
209:Religion
193:Dawit II
79:Dawit II
1726:crowned
1696:Zewditu
1379:Iyoas I
1365:Bakaffa
1161:Dawit I
503:Kambata
484:Massawa
440:Fanu'el
367:of the
246:), was
240:Amharic
178:Dynasty
125:Fatagar
1724:Never
1351:Yostos
734:
707:
682:
637:
560:Family
550:Sayint
523:Harari
519:Harari
492:Dahlak
488:Arqiqo
436:Dawaro
428:Bizamo
401:Dawaro
335:Muslim
304:Tigray
260:Amhara
229:ááááŽáá”
199:Mother
189:Father
105:Amhara
1562:Gigar
1548:Gigar
1492:Yonas
1287:Yaqob
1273:Yaqob
1259:Menas
1238:Na'od
1010:Menas
900:(PDF)
880:(PDF)
472:GumÀr
449:Zayla
432:Damot
413:Shewa
311:Wofla
296:Shewa
292:Gafat
225:Ge'ez
151:Names
136:Issue
89:Menas
67:Reign
1103:Sons
1060:List
732:ISBN
705:ISBN
680:ISBN
635:ISBN
616:link
527:loin
490:and
465:Adal
444:Adal
421:Adal
405:Bali
403:and
266:and
115:Died
99:Born
417:Wej
234:Mar
1772::
958:,
785:^
612:}}
608:{{
575:^
486:,
383:,
356:.
306:.
270:.
242::
227::
127:,
107:,
1750:.
1741:.
1728:.
1062:)
1058:(
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
740:.
713:.
688:.
643:.
618:)
238:(
223:(
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