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1932:'s report that recommended a return to pre-1975 pay levels in real terms, conceding Howe's point about "concerted action". Rampant inflation had, however, eroded competitiveness, and devalued pensions, investments, and wages. Thatcher reminded him: "On your own head be it, Geoffrey, if anything goes wrong," commencing an often tense and querulous working relationship. Thatcher's point was that the vast increase in (indirect) taxation and government spending (notably in public sector pay) in 1979 would lead to terrible consequences â which it did, as unemployment doubled. The financial policy tightened the money supply and restricted public sector pay, ultimately driving up inflation, at least in the short term, and unemployment in the medium term.
2114:. Howe supported the ERM because of his general support of European integration and because he had become convinced as chancellor of the need for more exchange rate stability. She turned increasingly for advice to her No.10 private secretary Charles Powell, a career diplomat who contrasted to Howe's mandarin-style. Howe remarked: "She was often exasperated by my tenaciously quiet brand of advocacy." His friends often wondered why he put up with her style for so long, but many considered him her successor. One historian has suggested that the government would have survived even the ructions over Europe had Howe remained her ally.
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1990:, which have led some US policymakers so far astray"; despite these measures the budget deficit remained on average 3% of GDP during Howe's tenure. His macroeconomic policy was designed to liberalise the economy and promote supply-side reform. This combination of policies became one of the defining features of Thatcherism in power. However, by the time of his last budget, shortly before a general election, there were early signs of a recovery, which Howe used to justify a tax cut.
1825:
2149:. The sceptical attitude towards Howe in Number 10 weakened him politically â even if it might have been driven to some degree by fear of him as a possible successor, a problem compounded by the resignation from the Treasury of his principal ally Nigel Lawson later in the same year. During his time as deputy prime minister, Howe made a series of coded calls on Thatcher to realign her administration, which was suffering rising unpopularity following its introduction of the
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2409:, the former MP, parliamentary private secretary, and personal confidant of Margaret Thatcher. He delivered the principal appreciation of Gow at the latter's memorial service after the IRA murdered Gow in July 1990. Obituarists noted how Howe was "warm and well liked by colleagues", with Nigel Lawson writing that he would be remembered by those who knew him "as one of the kindest and nicest men in politics" who, according to
2313:, she did not win by a large enough margin to win outright. Subsequently, she withdrew from the contest on 22 November. Five days later, Chancellor of the Exchequer John Major was elected party leader and thus became prime minister. The change proved to be a positive one for the Tories, who had trailed Labour in most opinion polls by a double-digit margin throughout 1990 but soon returned to the top of the polls and won the
2213:
Commonwealth Office, a job he had always coveted. When Lawson resigned, it looked like a natural reshuffle, but Howe was frozen out of the inner circle. When Howe attended a meeting with the Queen, he found that
Britain had joined the ERM before he had been informed about it â the ERM had been Howe's policy. The pound sterling was thus pegged to the
1998:
feeling that the option of managed decline is one which we should not forget altogether. We must not expend all our limited resources in trying to make water flow uphill". Howe later stated that he had not advocated the "managed decline" policy and that he had merely been warning of the danger of concentrating excessive resources on one area of need.
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in June 1989. Howe and Nigel Lawson threatened to resign, but she called his bluff by appointing John Major over his head. Howe resented having to give up the state residence of
Chevening in Kent on being effectively demoted to Lord President of the Council. He deeply resented leaving the Foreign and
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Dexter a dragon Gules armed and langued Azure gorged with a collar compony Sable and Argent the Sable charged with a crescent Ermine the Argent with a rose Gules barbed and seeded Proper holding in its exterior foreclaw a sword erect Argent hilt pommel and quillons Or sinister a winged lion Or armed
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and trade embargo, coupled with his deep concern over
Thatcher's strident style in Europe, increasingly drove a stressful wedge between Nos. 10 and 11. They began to drift apart on policy objectives with fatal consequences for the Prime Minister's ambitions. Thatcher's dominant style contrasted with
1966:
The logic in his proposals was that by reducing the deficit, which at the time was ÂŖ9.3 billion (3.6% GDP), and controlling inflation, long-term interest rates would be able to decline, thus re-stimulating the economy. The budget did reduce inflation from 11.9% in early 1981 to 3.8% in
February
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believed that trade union votes had contributed towards the 1951 and 1955 election victories and thought that it "would be inexpedient to adopt any policy involving legislation which would alienate this support". Through a series of Bow Group publications, Howe advanced free market ideas, primarily
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to claim that there were differences only in style, rather than substance, in Howe's disagreement with
Thatcher on Europe, Howe chose to send a powerful message of dissent. In his resignation speech in the Commons on 13 November 1990, he attacked Thatcher for running increasingly serious risks for
1997:
in
Liverpool in 1981, Howe had warned Thatcher "not to overcommit scarce resources to Liverpool", writing that "It would be even more regrettable if some of the brighter ideas for renewing economic activity were to be sown only on relatively stony ground on the banks of the Mersey. I cannot help
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within the
National Health Service. The report greatly impacted mental health provision in the UK, beginning a process that led to the widespread closure of large mental hospitals. But of more legislative importance were the Street Committee on racial discrimination, and Cripps Committee on
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in 1905–1916. With "the quiet determination" applied in the
Treasury, he set off on a tour of Warsaw Pact countries, interviewing communist leaders and sounding out opponents. The trip opened the way to further discussions with Mikhail Gorbachev, with whom he believed Thatcher shared
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was incompetently implemented, but it was the direction of
European policy rather than domestic rioting that tipped the balance. His dispute with Thatcher was over matters of substance more than ones of style; he advocated a move back towards a more centrist position on constitutional and
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that his intention was only to constrain any shift in
European policy by the Cabinet under the existing prime minister, his speech is widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by Michael Heseltine a few days later. Although Thatcher won the most votes in the
1917:. His tenure was characterised by an ambitious programme of radical policies intended to restore the public finances, reduce inflation and liberalise the economy. The shift from direct to indirect taxation, the development of a medium-term financial strategy, the abolition of
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that the "government did not oppose the principle of a single currency", which was factually accurate - as its policy was that the 'hard ECU' could evolve into a single currency, but that a single currency should not be imposed - but contrary to Mrs Thatcher's emerging view.
2173:: "The trouble with people like Geoffrey â lawyers â they are too timid." On the occasion of the general election victory of 1983, there were heated exchanges of views in No. 10 on her decision to move him to the Foreign Office. Howe was one of those who persuaded
1955:, who contended that there was no place for de-stimulatory policies in the economic climate of the time, remarking the budget had "no basis in economic theory or supporting evidence". Many signatories were prominent members of the academic sphere, including
1263:. They had a son and two daughters. At first, his legal practice struggled to pay, surviving thanks to a ÂŖ1,200 gift from his father and a prudent marriage. He served on the Council of the Bar from 1957 to 1962 and was a council member of the pressure group
2138:. In the reshuffle, Howe was also offered, but turned down, the post of Home Secretary. Although attempts were made to belittle this aspect, Howe's move back to domestic politics was generally seen as a demotion, especially after Thatcher's press secretary
1967:
1983. Long-term interest rates declined from 14% in 1981 to 10% in 1983. The economy slowly climbed out of recession. However, already extremely high unemployment was pushed to a 50-year high of 12% by 1984, narrowly avoiding the figure reached during the
2402:. He was an honorary fellow of SOAS. From 1996 to 2006 he was president of the Academy of Experts and in November 2014 was made an honorary fellow of the organisation in recognition of his contribution to the development of methods of dispute resolution.
2297:
I much regretted the departure of Sir Geoffrey Howe from his office and from the Government. Sir Geoffrey was an outstanding member of the Prime Minister's Administration since 1979 and his decision to leave reveals a fatal flaw in the management of our
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from 1964 to 1966 with a much-reduced majority. He became a chairman of the backbench committee on social services, being quickly recognised for promotion to the front bench as HM Opposition spokesman on welfare and labour policy. He was defeated at the
2055:"extraordinary chemistry." He later looked back on this period (1983â1985) as his happiest and most fruitful and productive, engaging with world leaders across the summit table, sharing decisions with Thatcher, including a notable encounter with
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1936:
Fundamentally we do believe in German principles of economic management and should be able to get ourselves alongside them ... pronounce in favour of ... providing greater stability as encouraging convergence on economic
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administrative issues, such as taxation and European integration. Howe represented a moderate position in the party, being educated, lawyerly, and diligent; while direct, he was conciliatory and collegial in style.
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Following his retirement from the Commons, Howe took on several non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia, including as an international political adviser to the US law firm
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instead of the US dollar. The consequence was that Britain's currency was pummelled into devaluation by a much stronger German economy â the option to leave cost Britain billions in 1992. But at the
1456:(IMF); at the time, it was the largest loan request the IMF had ever received. In 1978, Healey said Howe's criticism was "like being savaged by a dead sheep". Nevertheless, when Healey was featured on
1971:
of 13.5%. Some have argued that the budget, although ultimately successful, was nevertheless over the top. Specialist opinions on the question, expressed with 25 years' hindsight, are collected in an
1365:. More politically significant was working on the Latey Committee, tasked with recommending a reduction in the voting age. In 1969, he chaired the committee of inquiry to investigate alleged abuse at
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Howe wrote a cautiously worded letter of resignation in which he criticised the Prime Minister's overall handling of UK relations with the European Community. After largely successful attempts by
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Howe subsequently stated that the "last thing that people want to see here are clones of the clowns in the Commons", and served on the joint committee on the proposed legislation in 2002â03.
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2086:. However, Howe's tenure was made difficult by growing behind-the-scenes tensions with the Prime Minister on a number of issues, first on South Africa, next on Britain's relations with the
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his emollience, patience and capacity for negotiation. Their differences were dated to the Westland Affair in 1986, when senior ministers almost forced her to resign, according to
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defied conventional economic wisdom by slowing the inflation rate during a recession. At the time, his decision was fiercely criticised by 364 academic economists in a letter to
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2355:(1994) soon after. In the Lords, Howe continued to speak on a wide range of foreign-policy and European issues and led opposition to the Labour government's plans from 1997 to
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belittled the significance of the deputy prime minister appointment, saying that the title had no constitutional significance, at his lobby briefing the following morning.
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2390:, was made a life peer in 2001. The Baroness Howe of Idlicote and her husband were among the few couples holding titles in their own right. Lord Howe was a patron of the
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in June of that year. Following his retirement from the Commons, Howe took on several non-executive directorships in business and advisory posts in law and academia. He
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In 1974, the Reigate boundary changes redrew the seat as East Surrey, and Heath appointed him as spokesman for social services. Howe contested the second ballot of the
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It's rather like sending our opening batsmen to the crease only for them to find that before the first ball is bowled, their bats have been broken by the team captain.
2094:. For his staff, Howe was a respected boss; mild-mannered, polite and courteous, he was assiduous in his attention to detail. However, the human rights questions over
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emphasised the need to narrow the budget deficit rather than engage in unilateral tax cuts â "I never succumbed ... to the mistaken interpretations of
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at the school and set up a National Savings group. He was also a keen photographer and film buff. A gifted classicist, Howe was offered an exhibition to
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into a largely elected body â a position reiterated in the face of Coalition proposals in 2012. He retired from the House of Lords on 19 May 2015.
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The time has come for others to consider their own response to the tragic conflict of loyalties, with which I have myself wrestled for perhaps too long.
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the country's future. He criticised her for undermining the policies on EMU proposed by her chancellor and governor of the Bank of England.
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1156:, Wales, to Benjamin Edward Howe, a solicitor and coroner, and Eliza Florence (nÊe Thomson) Howe. He was to describe himself as a quarter
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Upon a howe turfed Proper a wolf courant Sable mantled with a fleece of a sheep sans head holding in its mouth a remnant of cloth Gules.
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2110:, both secretly threatened to resign over Thatcher's opposition to proposed British membership of the exchange rate mechanism of the
2204:, the tensions were ratcheted higher as Thatcher emphatically renounced any advance in British policy over the European agenda for "
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in 1986). In the following year, Thatcher made her speech at Bruges declining the offer to deepen the bureaucratic state towards a "
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man" â Mogadon being a well-known sleeping medication â Howe delivered a blow to Thatcher's government in full view of
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when Thatcher, on the advice of Harold Macmillan (who warned against including the Treasury), refused to appoint him to the
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to the Commons on 13 November. The speech was widely seen as the key catalyst for the leadership challenge mounted by
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2664:"Geoffrey Howe: One of the architects of the Thatcher revolution who became one of the primary factors in her downfall"
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1168:. He had one older sister, Barbara, who died of meningitis just before he was born, and a younger brother, Colin.
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1117:, giving Howe the role of deputy prime minister. He resigned from the government on 1 November 1990; in his
2050:, Thatcher reluctantly appointed Howe Foreign Secretary, a post he held for six years, the longest tenure since
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and the creation of tax-free enterprise zones were among the most important decisions of his chancellorship.
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2798:. Report of the Tribunal appointed to inquire into the Disaster at Aberfan on October 21st, 1966 (Report).
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1369:, Cardiff. On Howe's insistence, the inquiry's remit was expanded to cover the treatment of patients with
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Documents released under the British government's 30-year rule in 2011 revealed that in the wake of the
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in 1945 but first decided to join the army. He did a six-month course in maths and physics. Then he did
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2701:(10 January 2019). "Howe, (Richard Edward) Geoffrey, Baron Howe of Aberavon (1926â2015), politician".
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2208:" of political and economic forces. Howe forced her to give conditions for entering the proposal for
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that caused immediate retaliatory union strikes. He was promoted in 1972 to Minister of State at the
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Choosing a parallel career in politics, Howe stood as the Conservative Party candidate in his native
1437:. He masterminded the development of new economic policies embodied in an Opposition mini-manifesto
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discrimination against women, the reports of which helped the Labour government to change the law.
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Conservative Association. The report argued that the unions had become too powerful and that their
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1113:, Howe was appointed foreign secretary, serving six years. In 1989, Thatcher replaced Howe with
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in October 1990, Thatcher was said to have exclaimed, in a fit of pique, "no, no, no" to the
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was elected as party leader. She saw him as a like-minded right-winger, and he was appointed
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and langued Gules similarly gorged resting its interior hind leg upon a clarion also Gold.
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and repeated the government's policy at Paris summit on 18â20 November. She also repeated
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in 1964, but lost his seat in 1966, returning to the bar. Howe became an MP again at the
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1023:. His resignation on 1 November 1990 is widely considered to have precipitated the
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in Hampshire. Howe was not sporty, joining the debating society instead. It was during
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on 6 September 1982. Success with the Americans proved decisive in bringing about the
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that on balance, it was probably better that he, rather than she, resign during the
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a few days later, which led to Thatcher's resignation and her replacement by Major.
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Howe (2 August 1999) abridged, "This House is built on solid ground", reprinted in
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5129:
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4648:
4301:
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Chequy Or and Azure on a chief per pale Vert and Gules a portcullis chained Gold.
2410:
2368:
2182:
2178:
2051:
1941:
During Thatcher's first term, the government's poll ratings plummeted until the "
1853:
1617:
1612:
1394:
1260:
1157:
648:
2942:
Howe, "Sir Geoffrey Howe to Margaret Thatcher, 31 Oct. 1978, THCR 2/1/1/32", in
7944:
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7909:
7889:
7874:
7814:
7804:
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7509:
7493:
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6250:
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5397:
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5124:
5052:
5022:
4980:
4898:
4889:
4680:
4139:
2825:
2570:
2422:
Howe's dramatic resignation speech in the House of Commons formed the basis of
2290:
2139:
1983:
1698:
1543:
1523:
1161:
1102:
1071:
1054:
in 1952 and practised in Wales, after which he was elected as the Conservative
543:
303:
2983:
2463:
1217:
1066:
and represented various constituencies in the House of Commons until 1992. In
7969:
7954:
7914:
7899:
7819:
7792:
7402:
7307:
7197:
7068:
6848:
6510:
6467:
6457:
5949:
5934:
5894:
5799:
5734:
5689:
5407:
5239:
5224:
5214:
5204:
5134:
5119:
5104:
4954:
4948:
4918:
4663:
4342:
4247:
3169:
2698:
2456:
2236:
2214:
2162:
2126:
was unexpectedly appointed to replace Howe as Foreign Secretary. Howe became
2083:
2079:
2027:
1994:
1743:
1672:
1652:
1622:
1578:
1558:
1553:
1515:
1361:, representing the colliery managers. He sat as deputy chairman of Glamorgan
1302:
1252:
586:
531:
409:
2795:
2394:
and the Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council. Howe was appointed a
2257:
and a packed House of Commons on 13 November. Howe later contended that the
7939:
7929:
7894:
7884:
7864:
7849:
7839:
7834:
7716:
7697:
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7312:
7297:
7282:
7207:
7187:
6998:
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6610:
6495:
6477:
6427:
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6315:
6305:
6300:
6290:
5904:
5884:
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5844:
5429:
5154:
5040:
5028:
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4814:
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4712:
4580:
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4161:
4117:
3867:
3281:
2909:
2834:
2415:
2231:
2107:
2100:
1987:
1662:
1657:
1637:
1627:
1508:
1449:
1390:
1366:
1321:
1310:
1256:
1188:
1165:
1067:
932:
830:
738:
491:
397:
385:
291:
279:
175:
2325:
987:(20 December 1926 â 9 October 2015), known from 1970 to 1992 as
7869:
7854:
7844:
7604:
7524:
7372:
7337:
7242:
7237:
7182:
7108:
6993:
6988:
6963:
6743:
6733:
6515:
6472:
6412:
5944:
5929:
5924:
5859:
5809:
5669:
5609:
5199:
4760:
4695:
4632:
4073:
The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945â1990
4068:
3372:"Watch Margaret Thatcher Explain Why the Euro Is a Terrible Idea in 1990"
2170:
2166:
2011:
1979:
1796:
1790:
1563:
1528:
1482:
1382:
1325:
1153:
1031:
790:
347:
227:
4254:
Thatcher's Britain: The Politics and Social Upheaval of the Thatcher Era
3773:"Contributions to the Expert Witness & Legal Professions Recognised"
3742:
2914:"Letters patent appointing Geoffrey Howe as Chancellor of the Exchequer"
1848:
7809:
7332:
7088:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7028:
6928:
6442:
6437:
6422:
6402:
6335:
5889:
5824:
5324:
4992:
4924:
4777:
2495:
Three howes turfed with daffodils and sprigs of oak fructed all Proper.
2249:
Howe tendered his resignation on 1 November 1990. Sometimes mocked as "
2123:
1568:
1533:
1114:
1097:
Howe became Chancellor of the Exchequer upon Thatcher's victory in the
883:
239:
52:
4442:
3465:"Geoffrey Howe, the close cabinet ally who became Thatcher's assassin"
2273:
He offered a cricket simile for British negotiations on EMU in Europe:
1413:
membership, a post he held until Labour was returned to government in
8086:
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
7732:
7599:
7367:
7352:
6968:
6863:
6853:
6500:
5749:
4388:
4371:
4346:
2364:
2342:
2334:
2146:
2066:
Howe was closely involved in the negotiations leading up to the 1984
1951:
1784:
1779:
1703:
1290:
1221:
1137:
597:
2727:
2230:
in the House of Commons on her return to Westminster. Howe had told
7934:
7119:
2438:
2338:
2145:
Howe then had to give up the Foreign Secretary's country residence
1239:
at Trinity Hall in 1948, where he read law and was chairman of the
807:
3701:. Conservative Foreign and Commonwealth Council. 10 October 2015.
365:
Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Services
8021:
British Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
4452:
3500:
3406:
2929:
2886:
2406:
2376:
2250:
1812:
1264:
7462:
3908:"Dead Sheep review â extremely entertaining bellwether politics"
3286:"Yes, Prime Minister: Why we will never be without spin doctors"
2082:, mirroring the close connection between Thatcher and President
1255:
in 1952 and practised in Wales. On 28 August 1953, Howe married
1211:
in East Africa, by his own account giving political lectures in
7684:
4446:
2959:(Press release). Institute of Economic Affairs. 13 March 2006.
2890:. Vol. 951. House of Commons. 14 June 1978. col. 1027
1215:
about how Africans should avoid communism and remain loyal to "
2333:
Howe retired from the House of Commons in 1992 and was made a
3649:"Former chancellor Geoffrey Howe retires from House of Lords"
3593:"House of Lords reform: Tory grandees turn on David Cameron"
1175:: at Bridgend Preparatory School in Bryntirion, followed by
2189:
and the proposed Delors Plan (Thatcher having accepted the
1144:
in May 2015 and died in October of the same year, aged 88.
1034:, Wales, Howe was educated at Bridgend Preparatory School,
447:
Minister of State for Trade and Consumer Affairs
7794:
Shadow Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
3092:"Toxteth riots: Howe proposed 'managed decline' for city"
2281:
He ended his speech with an appeal to cabinet colleagues:
3496:"Address in reply to Her Majesty's most gracious Speech"
2522:
Clegg was chairman for the Pay Comparability Commission.
4768:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
3493:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
195:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
8156:
Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014
8031:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
3968:"Baron Howe of Aberavon interviewed by Mike Greenwood"
3232:
2796:"Appendix A â Parties and their legal representatives"
2776:
2566:"Devolution (Time) Bill [HL] â Second Reading"
1357:
Howe returned to the bar. He participated in the 1966
1297:
from 1960 to 1962. In 1958, he co-authored the report
1027:
that led to Thatcher's resignation three weeks later.
8051:
Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
3804:"Remembering Ian Gow MP, murdered 25 years ago today"
2441:, Warwickshire, on 9 October 2015, at the age of 88.
2074:, and developed a good working relationship with the
1313:
discouraged the authors from publicising the report.
4195:
British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary
4176:
The Chancellors' Tales: Managing the British Economy
3998:"Ex-Tory chancellor Lord Geoffrey Howe dies aged 88"
3308:
2106:
In June 1989, Howe and his successor as chancellor,
1452:
had requested a loan of $ 3.9 billion from the
1231:
Having declined an offer to remain in the army as a
965:
Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe, Baron Howe of Aberavon
6588:
3410:. House of Commons. 13 November 1990. col. 461
3220:
3208:
3069:
8071:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
8026:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
4091:
3879:
3835:
1377:He returned to the House of Commons as the MP for
4207:Margaret Thatcher: From Grantham to the Falklands
2634:
8066:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
7967:
5082:
3196:
2830:"Why the Ely inquiry changed healthcare forever"
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2590:
68:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3037:
2396:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour
2302:Although Howe subsequently wrote in his memoir
4387:
1904:
1462:in 1989, Howe appeared and paid warm tribute.
7778:
7670:
7478:
7135:
6574:
5989:
5068:
4872:
3326:Ridley, "Interview with Sir Adam Ridley", in
2739:
2437:Howe died from a heart attack at his home in
2185:in 1987, Howe spelt out his position for the
2181:in 1986. At the Scottish Party Conference in
2169:. During his first budget, Thatcher wrote to
2156:
1885:
1385:from 1974 to 1992. In 1970, he was appointed
1241:Cambridge University Conservative Association
1136:Howe retired as an MP in 1992 and was made a
8041:Deputy prime ministers of the United Kingdom
4535:
4458:contributions in Parliament by Geoffrey Howe
4144:Modernity Britain: Opening the Box 1957â1959
3523:
3521:
3519:
3086:
3084:
2908:
2707:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2386:His wife, Elspeth, a former chairman of the
2161:Tensions began to emerge in 1982 during the
1042:, and â after serving in the army as a
1007:minister, successively holding the posts of
7687:1975 Conservative Party leadership election
4795:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
3494:Lord Cledwyn of Penrhos (7 November 1990).
3455:
3453:
3451:
1147:
993:Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
7785:
7771:
7677:
7663:
7485:
7471:
7142:
7128:
6581:
6567:
5996:
5982:
5075:
5061:
4879:
4865:
4469:
4405:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3938:"Oral history: HOWE, Geoffrey (1926â2015)"
3902:
3050:(Report). Institute for Economic Affairs.
2430:. Howe was interviewed in 2012 as part of
1892:
1878:
1267:. A high-earning barrister, he was made a
51:
6012:Foreign Secretaries of the United Kingdom
4370:
4258:. Simon & Schuster (published 2013).
4228:Contemporary Britain: A Survey With Texts
4192:
3699:"The Rt Hon The Lord Howe of Aberavon QC"
3516:
3369:
3081:
2824:
2733:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
1331:
991:, was a British politician who served as
626:28 February 1974 â 16 March 1992
377:11 March 1974 â 18 February 1975
8096:Solicitors general for England and Wales
5963:Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as
4413:
4306:Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality
4138:
4045:
3723:
3677:
3557:
3459:
3448:
3430:"Geoffrey Howe's most celebrated quotes"
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3012:
2860:
2782:
2324:
2117:
2033:
2021:
2005:
716:15 October 1964 â 10 March 1966
4671:Solicitor General for England and Wales
4341:
4325:Margaret Thatcher: Everything She Wants
4223:
4209:. Vol. 1. Knopf Publishing Group.
3930:
3623:"Retired members of the House of Lords"
3578:
3422:
3280:
3168:
2981:
2760:. London. 12 October 2015. p. 29.
2704:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2697:
1121:, he criticised Thatcher's handling of
671:18 June 1970 â 8 February 1974
511:23 June 1970 â 5 November 1972
499:Solicitor General for England and Wales
459:5 November 1972 â 4 March 1974
155:24 July 1989 â 1 November 1990
80:24 July 1989 â 1 November 1990
8161:People from Stratford-on-Avon District
7968:
6019:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
4300:
4281:
4160:
3960:
3948:from the original on 24 September 2015
3866:
3801:
3731:(Supplement). 15 June 1996. p. 5.
3603:from the original on 29 September 2021
3382:from the original on 29 September 2021
3341:"Thatcher and her tussles with Europe"
3025:from the original on 29 September 2021
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:from the original on 24 September 2019
2661:
2646:
2622:from the original on 24 September 2015
2532:
2381:School of Oriental and African Studies
2293:, the Labour leader in the Lords, said
1465:
843:
329:18 February 1975 â 4 May 1979
8076:People educated at Winchester College
7766:
7658:
7466:
7123:
6562:
6535:Category:British Secretaries of State
5977:
5056:
4860:
4534:
4393:Post-War Britain, A Political History
4322:
4246:
4201:
3990:
3529:"1992: Tories win again against odds"
3327:
3314:
3184:from the original on 26 November 2018
3102:from the original on 28 December 2018
3057:from the original on 17 December 2019
3013:Flanders, Stephanie (14 March 2006).
2994:from the original on 4 September 2010
2943:
2713:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110802
2578:from the original on 27 February 2019
1909:With the Conservative victory in the
1448:, Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer
1444:At the same time, in response to the
1427:1975 Conservative leadership election
1125:and further attacked Thatcher in his
7149:
6489:Commonwealth and Development Affairs
4116:
4089:
4067:
3848:from the original on 30 October 2016
3659:from the original on 4 December 2020
3590:
3436:. Press Association. 10 October 2015
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3075:
2963:from the original on 25 October 2015
2806:from the original on 1 November 2020
2764:from the original on 10 October 2016
2640:
2596:
2350:
2303:
2202:Madrid inter-governmental conference
2122:In July 1989, the then little-known
2001:
1179:in Worcestershire and by winning an
1086:'s victory in 1974, Howe became the
207:11 June 1983 â 24 July 1989
7986:20th-century British Army personnel
4197:. University of Huddersfield Press.
4008:from the original on 7 October 2018
3296:from the original on 8 January 2020
2842:from the original on 14 August 2020
2686:
995:from 1989 to 1990. A member of the
603:30 June 1992 â 19 May 2015
13:
8151:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
8036:Conservative Party (UK) life peers
4703:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
4274:
3705:from the original on 26 April 2021
3539:from the original on 22 April 2009
3475:from the original on 30 March 2019
3370:Weissmann, Jordan (8 April 2013).
3351:from the original on 26 March 2019
3262:from the original on 22 March 2017
2984:"What Was the Interest Rate Then?"
2501:Tibi Fidelis (To Yourself Be True)
2462:
2455:
1435:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
1092:Margaret Thatcher's shadow cabinet
1088:shadow chancellor of the Exchequer
317:Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
259:4 May 1979 â 11 June 1983
14:
8172:
8011:British people of Cornish descent
8001:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
7492:
4467:National Portrait Gallery, London
4436:
4308:. Continuum book: A&C Black.
3978:from the original on 5 March 2017
3918:from the original on 8 April 2015
3816:from the original on 9 April 2019
3802:Lexden, Alistair (30 July 2015).
3629:from the original on 8 March 2019
2388:Broadcasting Standards Commission
2337:on 30 June 1992 as Baron Howe of
2010:Howe (left) in conversation with
1439:The Right Approach to the Economy
1420:
1324:, which was later to be known as
1285:, losing in what was a very safe
8101:Welsh people of Scottish descent
7643:
7451:
6541:
6530:
6529:
6364:
6005:
4964:
4888:
4548:Parliament of the United Kingdom
4051:Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady
3872:"Chancellor who turned UK round"
3504:. House of Commons. col. 12
3174:"Lord Howe of Aberavon obituary"
3015:"Were all 364 economists wrong?"
2957:"Were 364 Economists All Wrong?"
2662:Barnes, John (11 October 2015).
2076:United States Secretary of State
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1489:
1403:Department of Trade and Industry
915:
8091:Royal Corps of Signals officers
7991:20th-century British memoirists
6590:Leaders of the House of Commons
6487:Secretary of State for Foreign,
4020:
3896:
3860:
3828:
3795:
3765:
3753:from the original on 1 May 2019
3735:
3717:
3691:
3671:
3641:
3615:
3584:
3571:
3551:
3501:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3487:
3407:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
3394:
3363:
3333:
3320:
3274:
3244:
3162:
3006:
2975:
2949:
2936:
2902:
2887:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2874:
2854:
2818:
2788:
2538:
2525:
2516:
2153:, as a "listening government".
1961:Governor of the Bank of England
1928:, promised to honour Professor
1775:Libertarianism (United Kingdom)
1142:retired from the House of Lords
839:
8056:Lord Presidents of the Council
6374:Secretary of State for Foreign
4822:Leader of the House of Commons
4038:
3045:Were 364 Economists All Wrong?
2870:. 6 August 1970. p. 8679.
2602:
2558:
2450:Coat of arms of Geoffrey Howe
2383:(SOAS), University of London.
2315:general election in April 1992
2244:
2234:(a former Labour MP) on ITV's
2128:Leader of the House of Commons
2068:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1336:
1243:, and on the committee of the
1017:leader of the House of Commons
135:Leader of the House of Commons
16:British politician (1926â2015)
1:
4841:Lord President of the Council
3972:British Library Sound Archive
3687:. 13 July 2001. p. 8309.
3567:. 3 June 1992. p. 11255.
2982:Officer, Lawrence H. (2008).
2551:
2535:, p. 123) and preceding.
2320:
2132:Lord President of the Council
1973:Institute of Economic Affairs
1764:Conservatism (United Kingdom)
1729:Institute of Economic Affairs
1397:. He was responsible for the
1289:seat. He helped to found the
1021:lord president of the Council
435:1970–1974
140:Lord President of the Council
7755:*Withdrew after first ballot
5084:Chancellors of the Exchequer
2721:UK public library membership
1320:inspired by the thinking of
1050:, where he read law. He was
1019:, deputy prime minister and
778:Richard Edward Geoffrey Howe
578:Member of the House of Lords
7:
8146:British Home Guard soldiers
7996:20th-century King's Counsel
6632:Vacant (caretaker ministry)
4749:Second Lord of the Treasury
4730:Chancellor of the Exchequer
4414:Thatcher, Margaret (2012).
4327:. Vol. 2. Allen Lane.
2405:Howe was a close friend of
2349:. He published his memoirs
1924:The first of five budgets,
1915:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1905:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1454:International Monetary Fund
1009:chancellor of the Exchequer
433:Junior ministerial offices
247:Chancellor of the Exchequer
10:
8177:
4463:Portraits of Geoffrey Howe
3591:Helm, Toby (7 July 2012).
2754:"Geoffrey Howe â obituary"
2531:As noted, for example, by
2357:convert the second chamber
2255:Prime Minister's Questions
2157:Relationship with Thatcher
2061:end of Communism in Europe
1191:, so he was active in the
7800:
7753:
7706:
7694:
7641:
7500:
7449:
7157:
6596:
6524:
6486:
6373:
6362:
6018:
5958:
5554:
5358:
5090:
4974:Others fitting definition
4973:
4962:
4905:
4838:
4828:
4819:
4811:
4801:
4792:
4784:
4774:
4765:
4757:
4746:
4736:
4727:
4719:
4709:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4668:
4660:
4655:
4645:
4631:Member of Parliament for
4629:
4621:
4611:
4597:Member of Parliament for
4595:
4587:
4577:
4563:Member of Parliament for
4561:
4553:
4546:
4541:
4347:"The Thatcher Government"
4193:Laybourne, Keith (2014).
3942:The History of Parliament
3252:"Obituary: Geoffrey Howe"
2615:The History of Parliament
2610:"Howe, Geoffrey (b.1926)"
2434:'s oral history project.
2432:The History of Parliament
1866:United Kingdom portal
1842:Libertarianism portal
1709:Centre for Policy Studies
1584:Property-owning democracy
1371:intellectual disabilities
1359:Aberfan Disaster Tribunal
1171:He was educated at three
1152:Howe was born in 1926 at
958:
948:
938:
928:
923:
911:
894:
882:
861:
853:
824:
814:
797:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
732:
720:
709:
699:
687:
675:
664:
654:
642:
630:
619:
607:
594:
583:
576:
572:
565:
561:
557:
553:
537:
525:
515:
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497:
485:
473:
463:
452:
445:
441:
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403:
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370:
363:
353:
341:
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315:
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301:
297:
285:
273:
263:
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245:
233:
221:
211:
200:
193:
181:
169:
159:
148:
130:
117:
96:
84:
73:
66:
62:
50:
30:The Lord Howe of Aberavon
23:
8061:Members of the Bow Group
6376:and Commonwealth Affairs
4536:Offices and distinctions
4417:The Downing Street Years
4282:Abbott, Stephen (1991).
4178:. London: Polity Press.
4167:"Changing the Consensus"
4053:. Vol. 2. Pimlico.
2509:
2228:the "no, no, no" message
2112:European Monetary System
1714:Conservative Way Forward
1399:Industrial Relations Act
1148:Early life and education
8081:People from Port Talbot
4526:(subscription required)
4514:(subscription required)
4484:(subscription required)
4323:Moore, Charles (2015).
4090:Howe, Geoffrey (1994).
3837:"Lord Howe of Aberavon"
3743:"SOAS Honorary Fellows"
2444:
2096:South African sanctions
2090:, and then in 1985 the
2038:Howe with US president
2026:Howe with US president
1830:Conservatism portal
1724:The Heritage Foundation
1719:The Freedom Association
1245:Cambridge Union Society
1197:Trinity Hall, Cambridge
1048:Trinity Hall, Cambridge
889:University of Cambridge
810:, Warwickshire, England
8016:British King's Counsel
7433:Lord Young of Graffham
4895:Deputy prime ministers
4286:. The Pentland Press.
4284:And all My War is Done
4224:Oakland, John (2002).
4146:. London: Bloomsbury.
2467:
2460:
2330:
2300:
2287:
2279:
2187:European single market
2043:
2031:
2019:
2016:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
1939:
1549:Gladstonian liberalism
1393:'s government and was
1381:from 1970 to 1974 and
1332:Early political career
1216:
1209:Royal Corps of Signals
1123:relations with the EEC
953:Royal Corps of Signals
567:Parliamentary offices
8141:Spouses of life peers
7540:Sir Alec Douglas-Home
7398:Norman St John-Stevas
6547:Portal:United Kingdom
5100:Eustace of Fauconberg
4391:; Chris Cook (1984).
4357:(5917). London: 458.
4232:. London: Routledge.
4098:. London: Macmillan.
2466:
2459:
2392:UK Metric Association
2328:
2295:
2283:
2275:
2195:Federalist Superstate
2136:Deputy Prime Minister
2118:Deputy prime minister
2092:Anglo-Irish Agreement
2048:1983 general election
2037:
2025:
2009:
1984:macro-economic policy
1959:who later became the
1934:
1911:1979 general election
1818:Capitalism portal
1574:Supply-side economics
1405:, with a seat in the
1352:1966 general election
1309:should be curtailed.
1111:1983 general election
1099:1979 general election
1064:1970 general election
103:The Viscount Whitelaw
4030:. 2003. p. 820.
3777:academyofexperts.org
3402:"Personal Statement"
3098:. 30 December 2011.
2882:"Economic Situation"
2800:Durham Mining Museum
1769:Economic rationalism
1734:Mont Pelerin Society
1446:1976 sterling crisis
1224:"; and also climbed
1177:Abberley Hall School
1056:member of Parliament
1036:Abberley Hall School
1025:leadership challenge
869:Abberley Hall School
700:Member of Parliament
655:Member of Parliament
609:Member of Parliament
26:The Right Honourable
4591:John Vaughan-Morgan
4363:1983Natur.303..458.
4094:Conflict of Loyalty
4004:. 10 October 2015.
3904:Billington, Michael
3870:(11 October 2015).
3844:. 11 October 2015.
3463:(10 October 2015).
3284:(3 February 2011).
3258:. 10 October 2015.
3172:(10 October 2015).
2828:(6 February 2012).
2758:The Daily Telegraph
2451:
2352:Conflict of Loyalty
2311:leadership election
2305:Conflict of Loyalty
2191:Single European Act
1854:Politics portal
1475:the politics series
1466:Thatcher government
1367:Ely Mental Hospital
1003:'s longest-serving
682:John Vaughan-Morgan
8006:British barristers
7418:William Waldegrave
6844:Campbell-Bannerman
5965:Lord Chief Justice
4688:Political offices
3729:The London Gazette
3684:The London Gazette
3564:The London Gazette
3241:, pp. 449â89.
2867:The London Gazette
2468:
2461:
2449:
2331:
2289:A few days later,
2088:European Community
2044:
2032:
2020:
1694:Conservative Party
1299:A Giant's Strength
1185:Winchester College
1127:resignation speech
1119:resignation letter
1040:Winchester College
997:Conservative Party
874:Winchester College
793:, Glamorgan, Wales
7963:
7962:
7760:
7759:
7739:Margaret Thatcher
7696:Outgoing Leader:
7652:
7651:
7615:Margaret Thatcher
7585:Reginald Maudling
7580:Maurice Macmillan
7555:Sir Geoffrey Howe
7460:
7459:
7268:Sir Geoffrey Howe
7258:Michael Heseltine
7161:Margaret Thatcher
7117:
7116:
6556:
6555:
5971:
5970:
5050:
5049:
5005:Reginald Maudling
4913:Michael Heseltine
4854:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4829:Succeeded by
4805:Michael Heseltine
4802:Succeeded by
4788:Viscount Whitelaw
4775:Succeeded by
4737:Succeeded by
4710:Succeeded by
4678:Succeeded by
4646:Succeeded by
4612:Succeeded by
4578:Succeeded by
4523:, 11 October 2015
4511:, 12 October 2015
4502:, 11 October 2015
4493:, 10 October 2015
4481:, 11 October 2015
4427:978-0-00-745663-5
4334:978-0-7139-9288-5
4315:978-1-4088-3186-1
4265:978-1-4711-2828-8
4239:978-1-134-74834-1
4216:978-0-307-95894-5
4185:978-0-7456-3885-0
4153:978-0-7475-8893-1
4124:. Little, Brown.
4105:978-0-333-59283-0
4082:978-0-00-255558-6
4075:. HarperCollins.
4060:978-0-7126-6781-4
4028:Debrett's Peerage
3625:. UK Parliament.
2912:(20 April 2022).
2719:(Subscription or
2507:
2506:
2424:Jonathan Maitland
2398:(CH) in the 1996
2267:10 Downing Street
2206:ever closer union
2175:Michael Heseltine
2070:on the future of
2057:Caspar Weinberger
2040:George H. W. Bush
2002:Foreign Secretary
1919:exchange controls
1902:
1901:
1757:Related movements
1605:Margaret Thatcher
1459:This Is Your Life
1431:Margaret Thatcher
1387:Solicitor General
1341:Howe represented
1301:published by the
1283:general elections
1249:called to the bar
1226:Mount Kilimanjaro
1131:Michael Heseltine
1080:minister of state
1076:solicitor general
1052:called to the bar
1013:foreign secretary
1001:Margaret Thatcher
989:Sir Geoffrey Howe
962:
961:
744:
743:
549:
548:
415:
414:
337:Margaret Thatcher
269:Margaret Thatcher
217:Margaret Thatcher
165:Margaret Thatcher
124:Michael Heseltine
91:Margaret Thatcher
8168:
8136:UK MPs 1987â1992
8131:UK MPs 1983â1987
8126:UK MPs 1979â1983
8121:UK MPs 1974â1979
8111:UK MPs 1970â1974
8106:UK MPs 1964â1966
8046:Knights Bachelor
7787:
7780:
7773:
7764:
7763:
7745:William Whitelaw
7700:
7688:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7647:
7635:William Whitelaw
7570:Sir Keith Joseph
7487:
7480:
7473:
7464:
7463:
7455:
7428:William Whitelaw
7408:David Waddington
7298:Sir Keith Joseph
7223:Nicholas Edwards
7151:Thatcher Cabinet
7144:
7137:
7130:
7121:
7120:
6699:Pitt the Younger
6689:Pitt the Younger
6583:
6576:
6569:
6560:
6559:
6545:
6533:
6532:
6368:
6010:
6009:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5975:
5974:
5360:of Great Britain
5077:
5070:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5011:William Whitelaw
4968:
4893:
4892:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4858:
4857:
4812:Preceded by
4785:Preceded by
4758:Preceded by
4720:Preceded by
4693:Preceded by
4661:Preceded by
4622:Preceded by
4588:Preceded by
4557:Hendrie Oakshott
4554:Preceded by
4544:
4543:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4515:
4485:
4473:
4431:
4410:
4404:
4396:
4384:
4374:
4372:10.1038/303458a0
4338:
4319:
4302:Aitken, Jonathan
4297:
4269:
4257:
4243:
4231:
4220:
4198:
4189:
4169:
4157:
4135:
4113:
4110:Internet Archive
4097:
4086:
4064:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3906:(6 April 2015).
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3878:. Archived from
3876:The Sunday Times
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3839:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3809:ConservativeHome
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3779:. Archived from
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3588:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3535:. 5 April 2005.
3525:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3461:Rawnsley, Andrew
3457:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3347:. 8 April 2013.
3337:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2750:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2695:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2562:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2452:
2448:
2400:Birthday Honours
2367:, a director of
2347:County of Surrey
2259:Community Charge
2210:entry to the ERM
1969:Great Depression
1943:Falklands Factor
1894:
1887:
1880:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1815:
1787:(United Kingdom)
1668:Michael Portillo
1539:Entrepreneurship
1493:
1470:
1469:
1363:quarter sessions
1347:House of Commons
1317:Harold Macmillan
1307:legal privileges
1201:national service
986:
981:
974:
924:Military service
919:
847:
845:
841:
804:
788:20 December 1926
787:
785:
769:Personal details
735:
727:Hendrie Oakshott
723:
714:
690:
678:
669:
645:
633:
624:
601:
563:
562:
540:
528:
518:
509:
488:
476:
466:
457:
436:
429:
428:
406:
394:
375:
356:
344:
327:
299:
298:
288:
276:
266:
257:
236:
224:
214:
205:
184:
172:
162:
153:
120:
110:
99:
87:
78:
55:
45:
21:
20:
8176:
8175:
8171:
8170:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8165:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7796:
7791:
7761:
7756:
7749:
7702:
7698:
7690:
7686:
7683:
7653:
7648:
7639:
7630:Lord Windlesham
7610:Geoffrey Rippon
7530:Lord Carrington
7520:Gordon Campbell
7496:
7491:
7461:
7456:
7447:
7388:Malcolm Rifkind
7383:Nicholas Ridley
7358:Cecil Parkinson
7293:Michael Jopling
7233:Sir Ian Gilmour
7203:Lord Carrington
7168:Humphrey Atkins
7164:
7153:
7148:
7118:
7113:
6592:
6587:
6557:
6552:
6520:
6488:
6482:
6375:
6369:
6360:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5972:
5967:
5954:
5840:Heathcoat-Amory
5557:
5550:
5354:
5086:
5081:
5051:
5046:
5035:David Lidington
4969:
4960:
4906:Formally titled
4901:
4887:
4885:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4834:
4825:
4817:
4807:
4798:
4790:
4780:
4771:
4763:
4752:
4742:
4733:
4725:
4715:
4706:
4698:
4683:
4674:
4666:
4651:
4649:Peter Ainsworth
4636:
4627:
4617:
4615:George Gardiner
4602:
4593:
4583:
4568:
4559:
4537:
4525:
4513:
4500:The Independent
4483:
4479:Financial Times
4439:
4434:
4428:
4420:. HarperPress.
4398:
4397:
4335:
4316:
4294:
4277:
4275:Further reading
4272:
4266:
4240:
4217:
4186:
4154:
4140:Kynaston, David
4132:
4106:
4083:
4061:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3884:on 4 March 2016
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3783:on 10 July 2015
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3655:. 19 May 2015.
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3589:
3585:
3576:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3458:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3290:The Independent
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2923:
2921:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2826:Drakeford, Mark
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2752:
2751:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2696:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2668:The Independent
2660:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2447:
2411:Andrew Rawnsley
2369:GlaxoSmithKline
2323:
2247:
2179:Westland Affair
2159:
2120:
2052:Sir Edward Grey
2004:
1907:
1898:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1810:
1803:
1802:
1793:(United States)
1759:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1739:No Turning Back
1688:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1648:Nicholas Ridley
1618:Milton Friedman
1613:Friedrich Hayek
1599:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1503:
1502:
1468:
1423:
1339:
1334:
1261:P. Morton Shand
1173:private schools
1150:
1103:public finances
979:
972:
968:
907:
878:
849:
837:
833:
815:Political party
806:
802:
789:
783:
781:
780:
779:
733:
721:
715:
710:
701:
694:George Gardiner
688:
676:
670:
665:
656:
649:Peter Ainsworth
643:
631:
625:
620:
611:
602:
595:
590:
568:
538:
526:
516:
510:
505:
486:
474:
464:
458:
453:
437:
434:
404:
392:
376:
371:
354:
342:
328:
323:
307:
286:
274:
264:
258:
253:
234:
222:
212:
206:
201:
182:
170:
160:
154:
149:
144:
118:
108:
97:
85:
79:
74:
58:
46:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8174:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7790:
7789:
7782:
7775:
7767:
7758:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7747:
7742:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7682:
7681:
7674:
7667:
7659:
7650:
7649:
7642:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7565:Patrick Jenkin
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7510:Anthony Barber
7501:
7498:
7497:
7490:
7489:
7482:
7475:
7467:
7458:
7457:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7443:George Younger
7440:
7438:Baroness Young
7435:
7430:
7425:
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7323:John MacGregor
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7295:
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7288:Patrick Jenkin
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7260:
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4957:(2024âpresent)
4952:
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4343:Riddell, Peter
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3207:
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3170:Langdon, Julia
3161:
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3149:
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3137:
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3113:
3080:
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2974:
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2734:Laybourne 2014
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2699:Riddell, Peter
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2571:TheyWorkForYou
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2140:Bernard Ingham
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1913:, Howe became
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1421:Shadow Cabinet
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1259:, daughter of
1149:
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1015:, and finally
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805:(aged 88)
801:9 October 2015
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517:Prime Minister
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7723:Geoffrey Howe
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7590:Michael Noble
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7403:Norman Tebbit
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7228:Norman Fowler
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7198:Mark Carlisle
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7178:Lord Belstead
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7173:Kenneth Baker
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6910:
6907:
6905:
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6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
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6867:
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6857:
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6827:
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6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
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6787:
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6757:
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6727:
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6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
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6690:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6584:
6579:
6577:
6572:
6570:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
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6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6372:
6367:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6341:Gordon Walker
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
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6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
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6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
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6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
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6079:
6077:
6074:
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6039:
6037:
6034:
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6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5985:
5980:
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5976:
5966:
5962:
5957:
5951:
5948:
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5931:
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5926:
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5918:
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5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
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5898:
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5868:
5866:
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5838:
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5833:
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5826:
5823:
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5818:
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5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5017:Geoffrey Howe
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4956:
4955:Angela Rayner
4953:
4950:
4949:Oliver Dowden
4947:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4919:John Prescott
4917:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4870:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4810:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4762:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4718:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4664:Arthur Irvine
4659:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4626:
4625:William Clark
4620:
4616:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4509:The Telegraph
4505:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4429:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4293:0-946270-99-6
4289:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4267:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4172:Howard Davies
4168:
4163:
4162:Lawson, Nigel
4159:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4131:0-316-86147-2
4127:
4123:
4119:
4118:Hurd, Douglas
4115:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4029:
4023:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:Lawson, Nigel
3863:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3831:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3282:McSmith, Andy
3277:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3158:
3157:Campbell 2003
3153:
3146:
3145:Campbell 2003
3141:
3134:
3133:Campbell 2003
3129:
3122:
3121:Campbell 2003
3117:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:Crown Office
2905:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2783:Kynaston 2013
2779:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2643:, p. 16.
2642:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2426:'s 2015 play
2425:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:Weekend World
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2215:Deutsche Mark
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:Falklands War
2154:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:Ronald Reagan
2081:
2080:George Shultz
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2028:Ronald Reagan
2024:
2017:
2013:
2008:
1999:
1996:
1995:Toxteth riots
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1799:(New Zealand)
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1744:Selsdon Group
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1686:Organisations
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:Francis Maude
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Norman Tebbit
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Geoffrey Howe
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Arthur Seldon
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Privatisation
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Individualism
1557:
1555:
1554:Globalisation
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:Neoliberalism
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:Privy Council
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Inns of Court
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:1955 and 1959
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:Elspeth Shand
1254:
1253:Middle Temple
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
978:
971:
966:
957:
954:
951:
947:
944:
941:
937:
934:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
900:
899:
897:
893:
890:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
832:
831:Elspeth Shand
827:
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
800:
796:
792:
776:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
737:
731:
728:
725:
719:
713:
708:
705:
698:
695:
692:
686:
683:
680:
674:
668:
663:
660:
653:
650:
647:
641:
638:
637:William Clark
635:
629:
623:
618:
615:
610:
606:
600:
599:
593:
589:
588:
587:Lord Temporal
582:
579:
575:
571:
564:
560:
556:
552:
545:
542:
536:
533:
532:Arthur Irvine
530:
524:
520:
514:
508:
503:
500:
496:
493:
490:
484:
481:
480:Michael Noble
478:
472:
468:
462:
456:
451:
448:
444:
440:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
410:Norman Fowler
408:
402:
399:
396:
390:
387:
384:
380:
374:
369:
366:
362:
358:
352:
349:
346:
340:
336:
332:
326:
321:
318:
314:
310:
305:
300:
296:
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284:
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268:
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241:
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210:
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196:
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174:
168:
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158:
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138:
136:
133:
132:
129:
125:
122:
116:
112:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
27:
22:
19:
7859:
7737:
7722:
7717:Edward Heath
7699:Edward Heath
7625:Peter Walker
7620:Peter Thomas
7575:Iain Macleod
7554:
7515:Tom Boardman
7504:Edward Heath
7502:
7423:Peter Walker
7413:John Wakeham
7363:Chris Patten
7328:James Mackay
7318:Peter Lilley
7313:Nigel Lawson
7283:Douglas Hurd
7273:David Howell
7267:
7208:Paul Channon
7193:Peter Brooke
7188:Leon Brittan
7159:
7003:
6899:W. Churchill
6814:R. Churchill
6630:
6540:
6528:
6417:
6388:Douglas-Home
6331:Douglas-Home
5960:
5879:
5835:Thorneycroft
5780:W. Churchill
5740:Lloyd George
5705:R. Churchill
5602:
5580:
5530:Ellenborough
5528:
5464:Bilson-Legge
5456:
5452:Bilson-Legge
5442:Bilson-Legge
5434:
5412:
5041:Dominic Raab
5029:Damian Green
5016:
4999:George Brown
4987:Anthony Eden
4943:Dominic Raab
4931:Dominic Raab
4839:
4820:
4815:John Wakeham
4793:
4766:
4747:
4740:Nigel Lawson
4728:
4723:Denis Healey
4713:Denis Healey
4701:
4669:
4630:
4596:
4581:Edwin Brooks
4562:
4520:
4508:
4499:
4491:The Guardian
4490:
4478:
4451:
4416:
4392:
4354:
4350:
4324:
4305:
4283:
4253:
4227:
4206:
4194:
4175:
4143:
4121:
4108:– via
4093:
4072:
4069:Dell, Edmund
4050:
4027:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4001:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3941:
3932:
3920:. Retrieved
3912:The Guardian
3911:
3898:
3886:. Retrieved
3881:the original
3875:
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3841:
3830:
3818:. Retrieved
3807:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:the original
3776:
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3746:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3693:
3682:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3597:The Guardian
3596:
3586:
3579:Oakland 2002
3573:
3562:
3553:
3541:. Retrieved
3532:
3506:. Retrieved
3499:
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3469:The Observer
3468:
3438:. Retrieved
3434:The Guardian
3433:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3405:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3376:The Atlantic
3375:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3344:
3335:
3322:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3289:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3178:The Guardian
3177:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3095:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3018:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2987:
2977:
2965:. Retrieved
2951:
2938:
2928:– via
2922:. Retrieved
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2885:
2876:
2865:
2856:
2846:11 September
2844:. Retrieved
2835:Wales Online
2833:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2790:
2778:
2768:21 September
2766:. Retrieved
2757:
2729:
2702:
2676:. Retrieved
2667:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2613:
2604:
2599:, p. 4.
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2569:
2560:
2540:
2533:Lawson (2006
2527:
2518:
2436:
2427:
2421:
2416:The Observer
2414:
2404:
2385:
2373:J. P. Morgan
2361:
2351:
2332:
2329:Howe in 2011
2304:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2248:
2235:
2232:Brian Walden
2199:
2160:
2144:
2121:
2108:Nigel Lawson
2105:
2103:'s memoirs.
2101:Douglas Hurd
2065:
2045:
2014:counterpart
1992:
1977:
1965:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1923:
1908:
1697: /
1692:
1663:John Redwood
1658:Nigel Lawson
1642:
1638:Alan Walters
1633:Ralph Harris
1628:Keith Joseph
1603:
1514:
1509:Conservatism
1507:
1457:
1450:Denis Healey
1443:
1438:
1424:
1391:Edward Heath
1376:
1356:
1340:
1322:Enoch Powell
1315:
1311:Iain Macleod
1298:
1294:
1287:Labour Party
1273:
1237:matriculated
1230:
1222:Kingy George
1170:
1160:, a quarter
1151:
1135:
1109:. After the
1096:
1068:Edward Heath
1029:
988:
964:
963:
933:British Army
819:Conservative
803:(2015-10-09)
739:Edwin Brooks
734:Succeeded by
711:
689:Succeeded by
666:
644:Succeeded by
621:
598:Life peerage
596:
585:
539:Succeeded by
521:Edward Heath
506:
492:Eric Deakins
487:Succeeded by
469:Edward Heath
454:
405:Succeeded by
398:Keith Joseph
386:Edward Heath
372:
359:Denis Healey
355:Succeeded by
324:
292:Nigel Lawson
287:Succeeded by
280:Denis Healey
254:
235:Succeeded by
202:
183:Succeeded by
176:John Wakeham
150:
119:Succeeded by
106:
75:
57:Howe in 1985
18:
8116:UK MPs 1974
7981:2015 deaths
7976:1926 births
7728:John Peyton
7711:Hugh Fraser
7605:Francis Pym
7595:John Peyton
7545:Ian Gilmour
7535:John Davies
7525:Robert Carr
7393:Lord Soames
7373:Francis Pym
7348:Tony Newton
7338:Angus Maude
7248:Lord Havers
7243:John Gummer
7238:Lord Gowrie
7183:John Biffen
6804:Hicks-Beach
6719:Castlereagh
6266:Chamberlain
6096:Castlereagh
5720:Hicks Beach
5695:Hicks Beach
5615:Spring Rice
5115:Westminster
5043:(2019â2021)
5037:(2018â2019)
5025:(2015â2016)
5019:(1989â1990)
5013:(1979â1988)
5007:(1970â1972)
5001:(1964â1970)
4995:(1955â1963)
4989:(1951â1955)
4983:(1940â1945)
4951:(2023-2024)
4945:(2022-2023)
4933:(2021â2022)
4927:(2010â2015)
4921:(1997â2007)
4915:(1995â1997)
4761:Francis Pym
4696:Robert Carr
4633:East Surrey
4456:1803â2005:
4443:Appearances
4039:Works cited
3725:"No. 54427"
3679:"No. 56274"
3559:"No. 52981"
2894:19 November
2862:"No. 45166"
2492:Compartment
2245:Resignation
2224:Delors Plan
2220:Rome Summit
2171:Adam Ridley
2167:war cabinet
2012:West German
1980:Reaganomics
1957:Mervyn King
1947:1981 Budget
1797:Rogernomics
1791:Reaganomics
1771:(Australia)
1564:Meritocracy
1529:Atlanticism
1483:Thatcherism
1429:, in which
1383:East Surrey
1337:Backbencher
1326:Thatcherism
1154:Port Talbot
1032:Port Talbot
791:Port Talbot
722:Preceded by
677:Preceded by
632:Preceded by
614:East Surrey
527:Preceded by
475:Preceded by
393:Preceded by
348:Robert Carr
343:Preceded by
275:Preceded by
228:Francis Pym
223:Preceded by
171:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
7970:Categories
7875:Hattersley
7378:Peter Rees
7343:John Moore
7333:John Major
7278:David Hunt
6924:Crookshank
6919:Chuter Ede
6774:Palmerston
6764:Palmerston
6408:Carrington
6216:Iddesleigh
6161:Malmesbury
6146:Malmesbury
6136:Palmerston
6126:Palmerston
6121:Wellington
6116:Palmerston
6056:Hawkesbury
5566:Vansittart
5546:Vansittart
5484:Dowdeswell
5469:Barrington
5300:Cottington
5170:Harvington
5145:Willoughby
5140:de la Leye
5130:G. Giffard
5125:W. Giffard
5092:of England
4993:Rab Butler
4925:Nick Clegg
4845:1989â1990
4826:1989â1990
4799:1989â1990
4778:John Major
4772:1983â1989
4753:1979â1983
4734:1979â1983
4707:1975â1979
4675:1970â1972
4519:Obituary,
4507:Obituary,
4498:Obituary,
4489:Obituary,
4477:Obituary,
4389:Sked, Alan
3914:. London.
3787:12 October
3747:soas.ac.uk
3543:11 October
3328:Moore 2013
3315:Vinen 2009
3292:. London.
2967:12 October
2944:Moore 2013
2723:required.)
2626:16 January
2552:References
2485:Supporters
2479:Escutcheon
2428:Dead Sheep
2321:Retirement
2124:John Major
2046:After the
1945:". Howe's
1930:Hugh Clegg
1569:Monetarism
1534:Capitalism
1501:Philosophy
1415:March 1974
1205:lieutenant
1193:Home Guard
1181:exhibition
1115:John Major
1072:government
1044:lieutenant
943:Lieutenant
904:politician
895:Occupation
884:Alma mater
784:1926-12-20
240:John Major
7945:McDonnell
7825:Callaghan
7815:Gaitskell
7733:Jim Prior
7600:Jim Prior
7368:Jim Prior
7353:John Nott
7094:Rees-Mogg
7079:Lidington
7009:MacGregor
6884:MacDonald
6874:MacDonald
6829:Gladstone
6809:Gladstone
6799:Gladstone
6794:Northcote
6789:Gladstone
6779:Gladstone
6729:Huskisson
6694:Addington
6673:Townshend
6653:Grenville
6643:Grenville
6393:Callaghan
6321:Macmillan
6271:Henderson
6261:MacDonald
6241:Lansdowne
6236:Salisbury
6231:Kimberley
6221:Salisbury
6206:Salisbury
6201:Granville
6196:Salisbury
6186:Granville
6181:Clarendon
6171:Clarendon
6156:Clarendon
6141:Granville
6091:Wellesley
6051:Grenville
5855:Callaghan
5830:Macmillan
5820:Gaitskell
5685:Gladstone
5680:Northcote
5675:Gladstone
5655:Gladstone
5640:Gladstone
5582:Tenterden
5519:Addington
5509:Cavendish
5499:Cavendish
5489:Townshend
5479:Grenville
5458:Mansfield
5447:Lyttelton
5305:Colepeper
5270:Fortescue
5260:Sackville
5180:Stratford
5175:Wodehouse
5110:Leicester
4565:Bebington
4521:The Times
4401:cite book
4395:. London.
3842:The Times
3239:Dell 1997
3227:Howe 1994
3215:Howe 1994
3203:Hurd 2003
3076:Howe 1994
2924:17 August
2736:, "Howe".
2641:Howe 1994
2597:Howe 1994
2365:Jones Day
2343:Tandridge
2335:life peer
2147:Chevening
2072:Hong Kong
1988:Lafferism
1952:The Times
1937:policies.
1785:Powellism
1780:New Right
1704:Bow Group
1343:Bebington
1291:Bow Group
1271:in 1965.
1247:. He was
1207:with the
1164:and half
1138:life peer
1074:, he was
1060:Bebington
1058:(MP) for
999:, he was
912:Signature
901:Barrister
862:Education
712:In office
704:Bebington
667:In office
622:In office
507:In office
455:In office
373:In office
325:In office
255:In office
203:In office
151:In office
76:In office
7905:Portillo
7830:Maudling
7303:Tom King
7104:Mordaunt
7074:Grayling
6959:Whitelaw
6949:Crossman
6914:Morrison
6834:Harcourt
6784:Disraeli
6769:Disraeli
6754:Disraeli
6714:Perceval
6616:Robinson
6506:Cleverly
6453:Miliband
6398:Crosland
6311:Morrison
6226:Rosebery
6211:Rosebery
6131:Aberdeen
6111:Aberdeen
6086:Bathurst
6066:Mulgrave
6061:Harrowby
6031:Grantham
5940:Kwarteng
5850:Maudling
5805:Anderson
5715:Harcourt
5700:Harcourt
5690:Childers
5660:Disraeli
5650:Disraeli
5635:Disraeli
5625:Goulburn
5593:Goulburn
5571:Robinson
5541:Perceval
5474:Dashwood
5408:Aislabie
5403:Stanhope
5320:Duncombe
5290:Portland
5285:Greville
5250:Cromwell
5220:Thwaites
5205:Somerset
5150:Benstead
5135:Chishull
5120:Chishull
5105:Maunsell
4345:(1983).
4304:(2013).
4250:(2009).
4205:(2013).
4164:(2006).
4142:(2013).
4120:(2003).
4071:(1997).
4049:(2003).
4012:26 April
4006:Archived
4002:BBC News
3976:Archived
3946:Archived
3916:Archived
3888:26 April
3852:11 March
3846:Archived
3820:11 March
3814:Archived
3757:11 March
3751:Archived
3709:26 April
3703:Archived
3663:26 April
3657:Archived
3653:BBC News
3633:11 March
3627:Archived
3607:11 March
3601:Archived
3537:Archived
3533:BBC News
3508:26 April
3479:11 March
3473:Archived
3414:26 April
3386:11 March
3380:Archived
3355:11 March
3349:Archived
3345:BBC News
3300:11 March
3294:Archived
3266:11 March
3260:Archived
3256:BBC News
3188:11 March
3182:Archived
3106:26 April
3100:Archived
3096:BBC News
3061:11 March
3052:Archived
3029:11 March
3023:Archived
3019:BBC News
2998:11 March
2992:Archived
2961:Archived
2840:Archived
2810:26 April
2804:Archived
2802:. 1967.
2762:Archived
2678:11 March
2672:Archived
2620:Archived
2582:11 March
2576:Archived
2439:Idlicote
2339:Aberavon
2298:affairs.
2151:poll tax
1975:report.
1473:Part of
1395:knighted
1295:Crossbow
1276:Aberavon
1158:Scottish
1082:; after
1046: â
1030:Born in
854:Children
808:Idlicote
7930:Johnson
7925:Darling
7920:Osborne
7845:Jenkins
7840:Macleod
7805:Stanley
7099:Spencer
7084:Leadsom
7064:Lansley
7024:Beckett
6999:Wakeham
6934:Macleod
6889:Baldwin
6879:Baldwin
6869:Baldwin
6849:Asquith
6839:Balfour
6824:Balfour
6759:Russell
6749:Russell
6739:Althorp
6724:Canning
6601:Walpole
6511:Cameron
6468:Johnson
6463:Hammond
6448:Beckett
6433:Rifkind
6383:Stewart
6356:Stewart
6346:Stewart
6296:Halifax
6276:Reading
6251:Balfour
6176:Stanley
6166:Russell
6151:Russell
6101:Canning
6081:Canning
5961:Italic:
5920:Hammond
5915:Osborne
5910:Darling
5865:Macleod
5860:Jenkins
5785:Snowden
5775:Snowden
5765:Baldwin
5745:McKenna
5735:Asquith
5725:Ritchie
5710:Goschen
5598:Althorp
5588:Herries
5576:Canning
5556:of the
5420:Walpole
5398:Walpole
5388:Wyndham
5340:Montagu
5335:Hampden
5330:Delamer
5295:Barrett
5265:Mildmay
5245:Berners
5235:Catesby
5195:Barnham
5165:Stanton
5155:Sandale
4897:of the
4599:Reigate
4465:at the
4453:Hansard
4381:4276172
4359:Bibcode
4174:(ed.).
4122:Memoirs
3982:14 July
3952:14 July
3440:1 March
2930:Twitter
2407:Ian Gow
2379:at the
2377:visitor
2345:in the
2251:Mogadon
2200:At the
2042:in 1989
2030:in 1986
1978:Unlike
1926:in 1979
1699:"Dries"
1407:Cabinet
1379:Reigate
1345:in the
1278:at the
1265:JUSTICE
1251:by the
1233:captain
1213:Swahili
1189:wartime
1162:Cornish
1107:budgets
1005:Cabinet
848:
836:
659:Reigate
113:; 1988)
7955:Reeves
7940:Leslie
7915:Letwin
7910:Howard
7895:Lilley
7890:Clarke
7865:Healey
7850:Healey
7820:Wilson
7810:Butler
7109:Powell
7089:Stride
7054:Harman
7019:Taylor
7014:Newton
6994:Biffen
6944:Bowden
6929:Butler
6904:Cripps
6709:Howick
6704:C. Fox
6679:C. Fox
6668:C. Fox
6658:Conway
6648:H. Fox
6621:H. Fox
6611:Pelham
6606:Sandys
6336:Butler
6256:Curzon
6106:Dudley
6076:Howick
6041:Temple
5950:Reeves
5935:Zahawi
5900:Clarke
5895:Lamont
5885:Lawson
5875:Healey
5870:Barber
5825:Butler
5815:Cripps
5810:Dalton
5620:Baring
5604:Denman
5430:Pelham
5425:Sandys
5393:Onslow
5383:Benson
5378:Harley
5315:Ashley
5280:Caesar
5275:Dunbar
5240:Lovell
5230:Fowler
5225:Witham
5215:Witham
5210:Browne
5190:Ashton
5160:Hotham
5031:(2017)
4939:(2022)
4447:C-SPAN
4424:
4379:
4351:Nature
4331:
4312:
4290:
4262:
4236:
4213:
4182:
4150:
4128:
4102:
4079:
4057:
2717:
2375:, and
2018:, 1986
1982:, his
1597:People
1084:Labour
1078:and a
842:
825:Spouse
382:Leader
334:Leader
306:posts
126:(1995)
109:
7950:Dodds
7935:Balls
7900:Maude
7885:Brown
7880:Smith
7870:Shore
7835:Heath
7069:Hague
7059:Young
7049:Straw
6974:Short
6969:Prior
6954:Peart
6939:Lloyd
6819:Smith
6683:North
6663:North
6516:Lammy
6501:Truss
6458:Hague
6443:Straw
6423:Major
6351:Brown
6326:Lloyd
6306:Bevin
6286:Hoare
6281:Simon
6191:Derby
6046:Leeds
5930:Sunak
5925:Javid
5905:Brown
5890:Major
5845:Lloyd
5795:Simon
5760:Horne
5645:Lewis
5536:Petty
5494:North
5414:Pratt
5373:Smith
5368:Boyle
5350:Boyle
5345:Smith
5325:Ernle
5255:Baker
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