962:
re-examines some of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. It also overlaps with and draws from more specialized research fields such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, and psychology, and contributes to progress in those fields. It supports research in political science and anthropology, and draws on those fields in studies of geographic information and society.
918:
2255:
2267:
838:(GIS), which are the actual repositories of geospatial data, the software tools for carrying out relevant tasks, and the profession of GIS users. That said, one of the major goals of GIScience is to find practical ways to improve GIS data, software, and professional practice; it is more focused on how gis is applied in real life as opposed to being a geographic information system tool in and of itself. The field is also sometimes called
44:
2291:
2279:
948:
Since its inception in the 1990s, the boundaries between GIScience and cognate disciplines are contested, and different communities might disagree on what GIScience is and what it studies. In particular, Goodchild stated that "information science can be defined as the systematic study according to
961:
Geographic
Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience
949:
scientific principles of the nature and properties of information. Geographic information science is the subset of information science that is about geographic information." Another influential definition is that by geographic information scientist (
877:, and the social and environmental impacts of technological innovations. These advancements indicate a growing intersection of GIScience with contemporary societal and technological issues. Overlapping disciplines are:
1041:
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999:
17:
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2337:
1014:
1004:
88:
2182:
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869:, but it claims the status of an independent scientific discipline. Recent developments in the field have expanded its focus to include studies on
1468:
1201:
799:, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured,
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2008:
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1253:"Proposal of Redefinition of the Terms Geomatics and Geoinformatics on the Basis of Terminological Postulates"
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108:
1169:"Twenty years of progress: GIScience in 2010 | Goodchild | Journal of Spatial Information Science"
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2104:
1627:
966:
In 2009, Goodchild summarized the history of GIScience and its achievements and open challenges.
846:
641:
628:
570:
118:
1494:
Goodchild, Michael F. (2009). "Geographic information systems and science: today and tomorrow".
1136:"Critical Issues in the Methods of Data Collection in Geoinformatics and Environmental Sciences"
2017:
1984:
1732:
1662:
954:
482:
450:
216:
146:
98:
1338:
853:, visualization, and the representation of uncertainty. GIScience is conceptually related to
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Unwin, David J.; Foote, Kenneth E.; Tate, Nicholas J.; DiBiase, David, eds. (2011-12-16).
8:
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defined this area in the 1990s and summarized its core interests, including
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Teaching
Geographic Information Science and Technology in Higher Education
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in hybrid physical-virtual worlds, quantum GIScience, the development of
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Duckham, Matt; Goodchild, Michael F.; Worboys, Michael (2004-11-23).
1200:
Duckham, Matt; Goodchild, Michael F.; Worboys, Michael (2004-11-23).
1042:
International
Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
854:
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35:
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1413:"Geospatial Information Scientists and Technologists - 15-1199.04"
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528:
392:
325:
281:
1140:
International
Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research
1440:
Goodchild, Michael (1992). "Geographical information science".
981:
Geographic
Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge
1417:
1000:
Association of
Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe
834:
As a field of study or profession, it can be contrasted with
1549:
1442:
International
Journal of Geographical Information Systems
1111:
Technical
Geography Core concepts in the mapping sciences
1049:
International
Journal of Geographical Information Science
1567:
1332:
1078:"What is Technical Geography – a letter from the editor"
1015:
University
Consortium for Geographic Information Science
1466:
1285:
1199:
1005:
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
823:, although its techniques can be applied to many other
1378:
1326:
1291:
903:
geospatial information scientists and technologists
1113:. Eolss Publishers Company Limited. p. 482.
2309:
1568:Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT)
1020:United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
2338:Geographic data and information fields of study
1383:. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2183:Geographic data and information organizations
1588:
1470:Foundations of Geographic Information Science
1292:Singleton, Alex; Arribas-Bel, Daniel (2019).
1203:Foundations of Geographic Information Science
899:geographic information science and technology
745:
18:Geographic information science and technology
1244:
1595:
1581:
976:Category:Geographic information scientists
752:
738:
2234:National Council for Geographic Education
1493:
1439:
1309:
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1184:
1166:
1151:
1093:
1257:International Journal of Geo-Information
1250:
1127:
1108:
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1346:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
14:
2310:
1173:Journal of Spatial Information Science
1056:Journal of Spatial Information Science
1576:
1133:
1075:
1069:
2278:
1602:
1167:Goodchild, Michael F. (2010-07-27).
912:
2290:
1251:Krawczyk, Artur (9 November 2022).
1153:10.56201/ijssmr.v9.no8.2023.pg18.28
1134:Bello, Innocent E. (October 2023).
24:
42:
25:
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1542:
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2229:International Geography Olympiad
916:
840:geographical information science
2323:Geographic data and information
1487:
1460:
1433:
1405:
1372:
1010:UCSB Center for Spatial Studies
901:(GISci&T), with job titles
2318:Geographic information science
1942:Geographic information science
1220:
1193:
1160:
1035:GIScience & Remote Sensing
908:
836:geographic information systems
815:. It has applications to both
765:Geographic information science
403:Geographic information science
13:
1:
2048:Geographic information system
1556:List of GIScience Conferences
1550:Official website of GIScience
1062:
514:Geographic information system
1975:Environmental social science
441:Environmental social science
7:
969:
889:. Other related terms are
669:Non-representational theory
10:
2354:
827:as well as many different
2249:
2206:
2175:
2138:
2090:Global Positioning System
2016:
2007:
1965:
1917:
1778:
1653:
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1613:
1516:10.1080/19475680903250715
1454:10.1080/02693799208901893
1339:"Geographic Data Science"
1337:; Weibel, Robert (2017).
1294:"Geographic Data Science"
1109:Ormeling, Ferjan (2009).
556:Global Positioning System
109:Environmental determinism
1473:. CRC Press. p. 4.
1358:10.1109/MCG.2017.3621219
2328:Geographical technology
2198:National mapping agency
2163:Survey (human research)
2105:Participant observation
1095:10.21163/GT_2016.111.01
891:geographic data science
811:, specifically part of
807:. It is a sub-field of
629:Survey (human research)
571:Participant observation
119:Quantitative revolution
2333:Science and technology
2188:Geographical societies
1985:Landscape architecture
1186:10.5311/josis.2010.1.2
964:
797:geographic information
777:geoinformation science
642:Theoretical Approaches
451:Landscape architecture
99:History of cartography
47:
1980:Environmental studies
1952:Statistical geography
1833:Environmental science
1389:10.1002/9781119950592
1298:Geographical Analysis
1076:Haidu, Ionel (2016).
959:
785:computational science
783:at the crossroads of
781:scientific discipline
446:Environmental studies
413:Statistical geography
46:
2193:Geoscience societies
2158:Interview (research)
2130:Land change modeling
2031:Computer cartography
2009:Techniques and tools
1867:Earth system science
1333:Andrienko, Gennady;
1278:10.3390/ijgi11110557
624:Interview (research)
596:Land change modeling
497:Computer cartography
431:Integrated geography
104:Historical geography
72:History of geography
2239:Spatial citizenship
2224:Geographers on Film
2214:Geography education
1824:Atmospheric science
1508:2009AnGIS..15....3G
1269:2022IJGI...11..557K
1082:Geographia Technica
859:information science
845:British geographer
813:technical geography
378:Technical geography
30:Part of a series on
2120:Statistical survey
2070:Geologic modelling
1909:Quaternary science
1561:2023-05-30 at the
1335:Andrienko, Natalia
1311:10.1111/gean.12194
928:. You can help by
817:physical geography
696:Post-structuralism
586:Statistical survey
536:Geologic modelling
365:Quaternary science
267:Physical geography
124:Critical geography
114:Regional geography
48:
2305:
2304:
2171:
2170:
2003:
2002:
1990:Landscape ecology
1810:Coastal geography
1398:978-1-119-95059-2
1120:978-1-84826-960-6
946:
945:
847:Michael Goodchild
762:
761:
610:
609:
488:
487:
456:Landscape ecology
350:Landscape ecology
312:Coastal geography
16:(Redirected from
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2085:Geovisualization
2014:
2013:
1957:Spatial analysis
1842:Paleoclimatology
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1263:(11): Krawczyk.
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1228:"Symposium 2023"
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887:geovisualization
885:, geomatics and
863:computer science
851:spatial analysis
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551:Geovisualization
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418:Spatial analysis
303:Paleoclimatology
94:Age of Discovery
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2053:Distributed GIS
1999:
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1846:Palaeogeography
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1563:Wayback Machine
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957:, which states:
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926:needs expansion
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825:fields of study
821:human geography
793:natural science
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519:Distributed GIS
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879:geocomputation
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2219:Geo-literacy
2176:Institutions
2058:Internet GIS
2018:Quantitative
1941:
1895:Soil science
1814:Oceanography
1803:Zoogeography
1788:Biogeography
1663:Agricultural
1499:
1495:
1489:
1469:
1462:
1448:(1): 31–45.
1445:
1441:
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1422:. 2020-11-26
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1352:(5): 15–17.
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875:smart cities
867:data science
844:
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833:
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764:
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524:Internet GIS
483:Quantitative
435:
402:
382:
316:Oceanography
292:Zoogeography
277:Biogeography
271:
147:Agricultural
141:
79:Graeco-Roman
2296:WikiProject
2148:Ethnography
2140:Qualitative
2100:Map algebra
2095:Hydrography
2036:Web mapping
2026:Cartography
1838:Climatology
1828:Meteorology
1683:Development
1179:(1): 3–20.
951:GIScientist
909:Definitions
726:Geographers
614:Ethnography
605:Qualitative
566:Map algebra
561:Hydrography
502:Web mapping
492:Cartography
345:Hydrography
299:Climatology
167:Development
2312:Categories
2153:Geopoetics
1967:Integrated
1903:Edaphology
1881:Glaciology
1856:Geophysics
1851:Geobiology
1738:Settlement
1728:Population
1698:Historical
1668:Behavioral
1628:Philosophy
1502:(1): 3–9.
1426:2022-01-28
1237:2023-12-25
1063:References
955:David Mark
829:industries
649:Behavioral
619:Geopoetics
336:Glaciology
222:Settlement
212:Population
182:Historical
152:Behavioral
2207:Education
2125:Surveying
1947:Geomatics
1927:Geodesign
1919:Technical
1890:Limnology
1886:Hydrology
1765:Strategic
1748:Transport
1723:Political
1713:Marketing
1673:Cognitive
1604:Geography
1524:1947-5683
1366:0272-1716
1320:0016-7363
1304:: 61–75.
855:geomatics
809:geography
801:organized
769:GIScience
716:Societies
684:Semiotics
674:Modernism
591:Surveying
408:Geomatics
388:Geodesign
355:Limnology
341:Hydrology
249:Strategic
232:Transport
207:Political
197:Marketing
157:Cognitive
36:Geography
2260:Category
1899:Pedology
1780:Physical
1743:Regional
1733:Religion
1718:Military
1708:Language
1703:Internet
1688:Economic
1678:Cultural
1647:Branches
1618:Glossary
1559:Archived
1532:13308017
1026:Journals
970:See also
805:analyzed
659:Feminist
654:Critical
360:Pedology
227:Regional
217:Religion
202:Military
192:Language
187:Internet
172:Economic
162:Cultural
2284:Commons
2063:Web GIS
1932:Geodesy
1876:Geology
1860:Geodesy
1793:Ecology
1770:Tourism
1638:Outline
1623:History
1504:Bibcode
1265:Bibcode
1088:: 1–5.
893:(after
664:Marxist
529:Web GIS
474:Methods
393:Geodesy
326:Geology
282:Ecology
254:Tourism
89:Islamic
84:Chinese
61:Outline
2272:Portal
1760:Social
1693:Health
1607:topics
1530:
1522:
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1364:
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383:Fields
272:Fields
244:Social
177:Health
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1753:Urban
1655:Human
1633:Index
1528:S2CID
1418:O*NET
1342:(PDF)
779:is a
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721:Index
237:Urban
1520:ISSN
1475:ISBN
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1362:ISSN
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1177:2010
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