1187:
nothing can be real. Yet, if the relativity argument, also by
Berkeley, argues that the perception of an object depends on the different positions, then this means that what is perceived can either be real or not because the perception does not show that whole picture and the whole picture cannot be perceived. Berkeley also believes that "when one perceives mediately, one perceives one idea by means of perceiving another". By this, it can be elaborated that if the standards of what perceived at first are different, what perceived after that can be different, as well. In the heat perception described above, one hand perceived the water to be hot and the other hand perceived the water to be cold due to relativity. If applying the idea "to be is to be perceived", the water should be both cold and hot because both perceptions are perceived by different hands. However, the water cannot be cold and hot at the same time for it self-contradicts, so this shows that what perceived is not always true because it sometimes can break the law of noncontradiction. In this case, "it would be arbitrary anthropocentrism to claim that humans have special access to the true qualities of objects". The truth for different people can be different, and humans are limited to accessing the absolute truth due to relativity. Summing up, nothing can be absolutely true due to relativity or the two arguments, to be is to be perceived and the relativity argument, do not always work together.
1171:" or "empirical idealist", who believed that reality is constructed entirely of immaterial, conscious minds and their ideas; everything that exists is somehow dependent on the subject perceiving it, except the subject themselves. He refuted the existence of abstract objects that many other philosophers believed to exist, notably Plato. According to Berkeley, "an abstract object does not exist in space or time and which is therefore entirely non-physical and non-mental"; however, this argument contradicts his relativity argument. If "esse est percipi", (Latin meaning that to exist is to be perceived) is true, then the objects in the relativity argument made by Berkeley can either exist or not. Berkeley believed that only the minds' perceptions and the Spirit that perceives are what exists in reality; what people perceive every day is only the idea of an object's existence, but the objects themselves are not perceived. Berkeley also discussed how, at times, materials cannot be perceived by oneself, and the mind of oneself cannot understand the objects. However, there also exists an "omnipresent, eternal mind" that Berkeley believed to consist of God and the Spirit, both omniscient and all-perceiving. According to Berkeley, God is the entity who controls everything, yet Berkeley also argued that "abstract object do not exist in space or time". In other words, as Warnock argues, Berkeley "had recognized that he could not square with his own talk of
1156:
secondary qualities are mind-dependent, for example, taste and colour. George
Berkeley refuted John Locke's belief on primary and secondary qualities because Berkeley believed that "we cannot abstract the primary qualities (e.g shape) from secondary ones (e.g colour)". Berkeley argued that perception is dependent on the distance between the observer and the object, and "thus, we cannot conceive of mechanist material bodies which are extended but not (in themselves) colored". What perceived can be the same type of quality, but completely opposite from each other because of different positions and perceptions, what we perceive can be different even when the same types of things consist of contrary qualities. Secondary qualities aid in people's conception of primary qualities in an object, like how the colour of an object leads people to recognize the object itself. More specifically, the colour red can be perceived in apples, strawberries, and tomatoes, yet we would not know what these might look like without its colour. We would also be unaware of what the colour red looked like if red paint, or any object that has a perceived red colour, failed to exist. From this, we can see that colours cannot exist on their own and can solely represent a group of perceived objects. Therefore, both primary and secondary qualities are mind-dependent: they cannot exist without our minds.
1631:. He anticipates that the materialist may take a representational materialist standpoint: although the senses can only perceive ideas, these ideas resemble (and thus can be compared to) the actual, existing object. Thus, through the sensing of these ideas, the mind can make inferences as to matter itself, even though pure matter is non-perceivable. Berkeley's objection to that notion is that "an idea can be like nothing but an idea; a colour or figure can be like nothing but another colour or figure". Berkeley distinguishes between an idea, which is mind-dependent, and a material substance, which is not an idea and is mind-independent. As they are not alike, they cannot be compared, just as one cannot compare the colour red to something that is invisible, or the sound of music to silence, other than that one exists and the other does not. This is called the likeness principle: the notion that an idea can only be like (and thus compared to) another idea.
1591:
consciousness is considered something that exists to
Berkeley due to its ability to perceive. "'To be,' said of the object, means to be perceived, 'esse est percipi'; 'to be', said of the subject, means to perceive or 'percipere'." Having established this, Berkeley then attacks the "opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and in a word all sensible objects have an existence natural or real, distinct from being perceived". He believes this idea to be inconsistent because such an object with an existence independent of perception must have both sensible qualities, and thus be known (making it an idea), and also an insensible reality, which Berkeley believes is inconsistent. Berkeley believes that the error arises because people think that perceptions can imply or infer something about the material object. Berkeley calls this concept
1614:, which in turn relies heavily on the senses. His empiricism can be defined by five propositions: all significant words stand for ideas; all knowledge of things is about ideas; all ideas come from without or from within; if from without it must be by the senses, and they are called sensations (the real things), if from within they are the operations of the mind, and are called thoughts. Berkeley clarifies his distinction between ideas by saying they "are imprinted on the senses," "perceived by attending to the passions and operations of the mind," or "are formed by help of memory and imagination." One refutation of his idea was: if someone leaves a room and stops perceiving that room does that room no longer exist? Berkeley answers this by claiming that it is still being perceived and the consciousness that is doing the perceiving is
805:
53:
1292:
principle of motion is unknown". Therefore, those who "affirm that active force, action, and the principle of motion are really in bodies are adopting an opinion not based on experience". Forces and gravity existed nowhere in the phenomenal world. On the other hand, if they resided in the category of "soul" or "incorporeal thing", they "do not properly belong to physics" as a matter. Berkeley thus concluded that forces lay beyond any kind of empirical observation and could not be a part of proper science. He proposed his theory of signs as a means to explain motion and matter without reference to the "occult qualities" of force and gravity.
826:
1607:' philosophy, which was expanded upon by Locke, and resulted in the rejection of Berkeley's form of empiricism by several philosophers of the eighteenth century. In Locke's philosophy, "the world causes the perceptual ideas we have of it by the way it interacts with our senses." This contradicts with Berkeley's philosophy because not only does it suggest the existence of physical causes in the world, but in fact, there is no physical world beyond our ideas. The only causes that exist in Berkeley's philosophy are those that are a result of the use of the will.
1037:. Finally, the order and purposefulness of the whole of our experience of the world and especially of nature overwhelms us into believing in the existence of an extremely powerful and intelligent spirit that causes that order. According to Berkeley, reflection on the attributes of that external spirit leads us to identify it with God. Thus a material thing such as an apple consists of a collection of ideas (shape, colour, taste, physical properties, etc.) which are caused in the spirits of humans by the spirit of God.
5421:
1600:
matter. Thus, matter, should it exist, must exist as collections of ideas, which can be perceived by the senses and interpreted by the mind. But if matter is just a collection of ideas, then
Berkeley concludes that matter, in the sense of a material substance, does not exist as most philosophers of Berkeley's time believed. Indeed, if a person visualizes something, then it must have some colour, however dark or light; it cannot just be a shape of no colour at all if a person is to visualize it.
784:, who had been her intimate friend for many years. Vanhomrigh's choice of legatees caused a good deal of surprise since she did not know either of them well, although Berkeley as a very young man had known her father. Swift said that he did not grudge Berkeley his inheritance, much of which vanished in a lawsuit in any event. A story that Berkeley and Marshall disregarded a condition of the inheritance that they must publish the correspondence between Swift and Vanessa is probably untrue.
5091:... The philosophical insight, combined with the mastery of Berkeley's texts, that Ian brought to this work make it one of the masterpieces of Berkeley scholarship. It is not surprising therefore that, when the Garland Publishing Company brought out, late in 1980s, a 15-volume collection of major works on Berkeley, Ian's book was one of only two full-length studies of Berkeley published after 1935 to be included" (Charles J. McCracken. In Memoriam: Ian C. Tipton //
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the Dolins family, had numerous social links to
Cheselden, including the poet Alexander Pope, and Princess Caroline, to whom Cheselden's patient was presented. The report misspelt Cheselden's name, used language typical of Berkeley, and may even have been ghost-written by Berkeley. Unfortunately, Dolins was never able to see well enough to read, and there is no evidence that the surgery improved Dolins' vision at any point prior to his death at age 30.
891:, the Scottish artist he "discovered" in Italy, who is generally regarded as the founding father of American portrait painting. Meanwhile, he drew up plans for the ideal city he planned to build on Bermuda. He lived at the plantation while he waited for funds for his college to arrive. The funds, however, were not forthcoming. "With the withdrawal from London of his own persuasive energies, opposition gathered force; and the Prime Minister,
375:
1527:, Berkeley defends the thesis that people have "a moral duty to observe the negative precepts (prohibitions) of the law, including the duty not to resist the execution of punishment." However, Berkeley does make exceptions to this sweeping moral statement, stating that we need not observe precepts of "usurpers or even madmen" and that people can obey different supreme authorities if there are more than one claims to the highest authority.
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578:
1726:
doubled its library holdings, improved the college's financial position and brought
Anglican religious ideas and English culture into New England. Johnson also took Berkeley's philosophy and used parts of it as a framework for his own American Practical Idealism school of philosophy. As Johnson's philosophy was taught to about half the graduates of American colleges between 1743 and 1776, and over half of the contributors to the
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1462:, which tends to distance God from His worshipers. Specifically, he observed that both Newtonian and Leibnizian calculus employed infinitesimals sometimes as positive, nonzero quantities and other times as a number explicitly equal to zero. Berkeley's key point in "The Analyst" was that Newton's calculus (and the laws of motion based on calculus) lacked rigorous theoretical foundations. He claimed that:
1826:
Reverend friend, Bishop
Berkeleyâtruly, one of your lords spiritualâwho, metaphysically speaking, holding all objects to be mere optical delusions, was, notwithstanding, extremely matter-of-fact in all matters touching matter itself. Besides being pervious to the points of pins, and possessing a palate capable of appreciating plum-puddings:âwhich sentence reads off like a pattering of hailstones.
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1144:. He takes heat as an example of a secondary quality. If you put one hand in a bucket of cold water, and the other hand in a bucket of warm water, then put both hands in a bucket of lukewarm water, one of your hands is going to tell you that the water is cold and the other that the water is hot. Locke says that since two different objects (both your hands) perceive the water to be hot
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1070:. When in broad daylight I open my eyes, it is not in my power to choose whether I shall see or no, or to determine what particular objects shall present themselves to my view; and so likewise as to the hearing and other senses; the ideas imprinted on them are not creatures of my will. There is therefore some other Will or Spirit that produces them. (Berkeley.
1219:
perception: one perceives distance indirectly just as one perceives a person's embarrassment indirectly. When looking at an embarrassed person, we infer indirectly that the person is embarrassed by observing the red colour on the person's face. We know through experience that a red face tends to signal embarrassment, as we've learned to associate the two.
1029:#89). For Berkeley, we have no direct 'idea' of spirits, albeit we have good reason to believe in the existence of other spirits, for their existence explains the purposeful regularities we find in experience ("It is plain that we cannot know the existence of other spirits otherwise than by their operations, or the ideas by them excited in us",
1152:
the size of the observer. Since an object is a different size to different observers, then size is not a quality of the object. Berkeley rejects shape with a similar argument and then asks: if neither primary qualities nor secondary qualities are of the object, then how can we say that there is anything more than the qualities we observe?
1531:
lawsâif practised, would lead to the general fitness of humankind, it follows that they can be discovered by the right reasonâfor example, the law to never resist supreme power can be derived from reason because this law is "the only thing that stands between us and total disorder". Thus, these laws can be called the
1119:, the most eminent Berkeley scholar of the 20th century, constantly stressed the continuity of Berkeley's philosophy. The fact that Berkeley returned to his major works throughout his life, issuing revised editions with only minor changes, also counts against any theory that attributes to him a significant
1999:. For example, the library at Trinity that was named after him in 1978 is to be "de-named", Trinity announced in April 2023. Another memorialization of him in the form of a stained glass window will remain, but used as part of "a retain-and-explain approach" where his legacy will be given further context.
1887:
After we came out of the church, we stood talking for some time together of Bishop
Berkeley's ingenious sophistry to prove the non-existence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is merely ideal. I observed, that though we are satisfied his doctrine is untrue, it is impossible to refute it.
1466:
In every other
Science Men prove their Conclusions by their Principles, and not their Principles by the Conclusions. But if in yours you should allow your selves this unnatural way of proceeding, the Consequence would be that you must take up with Induction, and bid adieu to Demonstration. And if you
1256:
What inclines men to this mistake (beside the humour of making one see by geometry) is, that the same perceptions or ideas which suggest distance, do also suggest magnitude ... I say they do not first suggest distance, and then leave it to the judgement to use that as a medium, whereby to collect the
1186:
However, the relativity argument violates the idea of immaterialism. Berkeley's immaterialism argues that "esse est percipi (aut percipere)", which in
English is: to be is to be perceived (or to perceive). That is saying only what is perceived or perceived is real, and without our perception or God's
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at the disposal of the human individual. He strove simply to show that the causes of sensations could not be things, because what we called things, and considered without grounds to be something different from our sensations, were built up wholly from sensations. There must consequently be some other
983:
The use of the concepts of "spirit" and "idea" is central in Berkeley's philosophy. As used by him, these concepts are difficult to translate into modern terminology. His concept of "spirit" is close to the concept of "conscious subject" or of "mind", and the concept of "idea" is close to the concept
1552:
might, for example, justify a morally impermissible act in light of the specific situation, Berkeley's doctrine of Passive Obedience holds that it is never morally permissible to not follow a moral rule, even when it seems like breaking that moral rule might achieve the happiest ends. Berkeley holds
1825:
And here be it said, that for all his superstitious misgivings about the brigantine; his imputing to her something equivalent to a purely phantom-like nature, honest Jarl was nevertheless exceedingly downright and practical in all hints and proceedings concerning her. Wherein, he resembled my Right
1725:
visited him, and the two later corresponded. Johnson convinced Berkeley to establish a scholarship program at Yale and to donate a large number of books, as well as his plantation, to the college when the philosopher returned to England. It was one of Yale's largest and most important donations; it
1319:
view of scientific observation that states that the scientific method provides us with no true insight into the nature of the world. Rather, the scientific method gives us a variety of partial explanations about regularities that hold in the world and that are gained through experiments. The nature
1151:
While Locke used this argument to distinguish primary from secondary qualities, Berkeley extends it to cover primary qualities in the same way. For example, he says that size is not a quality of an object because the size of the object depends on the distance between the observer and the object, or
991:
substance, but did not deny the existence of physical objects such as apples or mountains ("I do not argue against the existence of any one thing that we can apprehend, either by sense or reflection. That the things I see with mine eyes and touch with my hands do exist, really exist, I make not the
1995:, "provided outstanding merit is shown", to candidates answering a special examination in Greek. The awards were founded in 1752 by Berkeley. However, they have not been awarded since 2011. Other elements of Berkeley's legacy at Trinity are currently under review (As of 2023) due to his support of
1843:
Who watches me here? Who ever anywhere will read these written words? Signs on a white field. Somewhere to someone in your flutiest voice. The good bishop of Cloyne took the veil of the temple out of his shovel hat: veil of space with coloured emblems hatched on its field. Hold hard. Coloured on a
1590:
All knowledge comes from perception; what we perceive are ideas, not things in themselves; a thing in itself must be outside experience; so the world only consists of ideas and minds that perceive those ideas; a thing only exists so far as it perceives or is perceived. Through this we can see that
1291:
Berkeley argued that forces and gravity, as defined by Newton, constituted "occult qualities" that "expressed nothing distinctly". He held that those who posited "something unknown in a body of which they have no idea and which they call the principle of motion, are in fact simply stating that the
1261:
Berkeley claimed that his visual theories were "vindicated" by a 1728 report regarding the recovery of vision in a 13-year-old boy operated for congenital cataracts by surgeon William Cheselden. In 2021, the name of Cheselden's patient was published for the first time: Daniel Dolins. Berkeley knew
1155:
Relativity is the idea that there is no objective, universal truth; it is a state of dependence in which the existence of one independent object is solely dependent on that of another. According to Locke, characteristics of primary qualities are mind-independent, such as shape, size, etc., whereas
1774:
Other than philosophy, Berkeley also influenced modern psychology with his work on John Locke's theory of association and how it could be used to explain how humans gain knowledge in the physical world. He also used the theory to explain perception, stating that all qualities were, as Locke would
1756:
The proportion of Berkeley scholarship, in literature on the history of philosophy, is increasing. This can be judged from the most comprehensive bibliographies on George Berkeley. During the period of 1709â1932, about 300 writings on Berkeley were published. That amounted to 1.5 publications per
1599:
that, similar to how people can only sense matter with their senses through the actual sensation, they can only conceive of matter (or, rather, ideas of matter) through the idea of sensation of matter. This implies that everything that people can conceive in regards to matter is only ideas about
1530:
Berkeley defends this thesis with deductive proof stemming from the laws of nature. First, he establishes that because God is perfectly good, the end to which he commands humans must also be good, and that end must not benefit just one person, but the entire human race. Because these commandsâor
1471:
Berkeley did not doubt that calculus produced real-world truth; simple physics experiments could verify that Newton's method did what it claimed to do. "The cause of Fluxions cannot be defended by reason", but the results could be defended by empirical observation, Berkeley's preferred method of
1094:
misconceptions, of course), since nature or matter did not exist as a reality independent of consciousness. The revelation of God was directly accessible to man, according to this doctrine; it was the sense-perceived world, the world of man's sensations, which came to him from on high for him to
1246:
Berkeley wrote about the perception of size in addition to that of distance. He is frequently misquoted as believing in sizeâdistance invarianceâa view held by the Optic Writers. This idea is that we scale the image size according to distance in a geometrical manner. The error may have become
1218:
Berkeley goes on to argue that visual cues, such as the perceived extension or 'confusion' of an object, can only be used to indirectly judge distance, because the viewer learns to associate visual cues with tactile sensations. Berkeley gives the following analogy regarding indirect distance
1103:
machinery that in the fullness of time led to the growth of a tree in the university quadrangle. Rather, the perception of the tree is an idea that God's mind has produced in the mind, and the tree continues to exist in the quadrangle when "nobody" is there, simply because God is an infinite
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5001:
4812:"Shows a thorough mastery of the literature on Berkeley, along with very perceptive remarks about the strength and weaknesses of most of the central commentators. ... Exhibits a mastery of all the material, both primary and secondary ..." Charles Larmore, for the editorial board,
1538:
One may view Berkeley's doctrine on Passive Obedience as a kind of 'Theological Utilitarianism', insofar as it states that we have a duty to uphold a moral code which presumably is working towards the ends of promoting the good of humankind. However, the concept of 'ordinary'
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558:
Interest in Berkeley's work increased after World War II because he tackled many of the issues of paramount interest to philosophy in the 20th century, such as the problems of perception, the difference between primary and secondary qualities, and the importance of language.
1476:
he endeavoured to show "how Error may bring forth Truth, though it cannot bring forth Science". Newton's science, therefore, could not on purely scientific grounds justify its conclusions, and the mechanical, deistic model of the universe could not be rationally justified.
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Berkeley, George. Passive Obedience: Or, the Christian Doctrine of Not Resisting the Supreme Power, Proved and Vindicated ... In a Discourse Deliver'd at the College-chapel. By George Berkeley, M.A. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. London: Printed for H. Clements, 1712.
1215:. That is, we do not see space directly or deduce its form logically using the laws of optics. Space for Berkeley is no more than a contingent expectation that visual and tactile sensations will follow one another in regular sequences that we come to expect through habit.
687:, first published in 1709. In the essay, Berkeley examines visual distance, magnitude, position and problems of sight and touch. While this work raised much controversy at the time, its conclusions are now accepted as an established part of the theory of optics.
1364:. According to this approach, scientific theories have the status of serviceable fictions, useful inventions aimed at explaining facts, and without any pretension to being true. Popper contrasts instrumentalism with the above-mentioned essentialism and his own "
1380:, although in a rather indirect sense. "Berkeley was concerned with mathematics and its philosophical interpretation from the earliest stages of his intellectual life." Berkeley's "Philosophical Commentaries" (1707â1708) witness to his interest in mathematics:
1757:
year. During the course of 1932â1979, over one thousand works were brought out, i.e., 20 works per year. Since then, the number of publications has reached 30 per annum. In 1977 publication began in Ireland of a special journal on Berkeley's life and thought (
1547:
of obligation"âthat is, Utilitarianism is concerned with whether particular actions are morally permissible in specific situations, while Berkeley's doctrine is concerned with whether or not we should follow moral rules in any and all circumstances. Whereas
1626:
deity.) This claim is the only thing holding up his argument which is "depending for our knowledge of the world, and of the existence of other minds, upon a God that would never deceive us." Berkeley anticipates a second objection, which he refutes in
1586:
that "the ideas of sense are stronger, livelier, and clearer than those of the imagination; and they are also steady, orderly and coherent." From this we can tell that the things that we are perceiving are truly real rather than it just being a dream.
1412:
called this treatise "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics." However, a recent study suggests that Berkeley misunderstood Leibnizian calculus. The mathematician in question is believed to have been either
898:
He and Anne had four children who survived infancy – Henry, George, William and Julia – and at least two other children who died in infancy. William's death in 1751 was a great cause of grief for his father.
745:. In the period between 1714 and 1720, he interspersed his academic endeavours with periods of extensive travel in Europe, including one of the most extensive Grand Tours of the length and breadth of Italy ever undertaken. In 1721, he took
5087:"Ian C. Tipton, one of the world's great Berkeley scholars and longtime president of the International Berkeley Society. ... Of the many works about Berkeley that were published in the twentieth century, few rival in importance his
992:
least question. The only thing whose existence we deny, is that which philosophers call matter or corporeal substance. And in doing of this, there is no damage done to the rest of mankind, who, I dare say, will never miss it.",
1251:
perpetuated it. In fact, Berkeley argued that the same cues that evoke distance also evoke size, and that we do not first see size and then calculate distance. It is worth quoting Berkeley's words on this issue (Section 53):
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external source of the inexhaustible diversity of sensations. The source of our sensations, Berkeley concluded, could only be God; He gave them to man, who had to see in them signs and symbols that carried God's word.
2021:, located in the same town, was formerly named "The Berkeley Memorial Chapel", and the appellation still survives at the end of the formal name of the parish, "St. Columba's, the Berkeley Memorial Chapel".
1226:
tradition and its reliance on classical optics in the development of pictorial representations of spatial depth. This matter has been debated by scholars since the 11th-century Arab polymath and mathematician
478:, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour. This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work,
1705:
admitted that he put forward a drastic criticism of Berkeleianism after he had been an admirer of Berkeley's philosophical system for a long time. Berkeley's "thought made possible the work of Hume and thus
1472:
acquiring knowledge at any rate. Berkeley, however, found it paradoxical that "Mathematicians should deduce true Propositions from false Principles, be right in Conclusion, and yet err in the Premises." In
3448:
Downing, Lisa. Berkeley's Case Against Realism About Dynamics. In Robert G. Muehlmann (ed.), Berkeley's Metaphysics: Structural, Interpretive, and Critical Essays. The Pennsylvania State University Press,
1749:, "two of the twentieth century's foremost Berkeley scholars", thanks to whom Berkeley scholarship was raised to the rank of a special area of historico-philosophical science. In addition, the philosopher
2213:
The Works of George Berkeley, D.D. Late Bishop of Cloyne in Ireland. To which is added, an account of his life, and several of his letters to Thomas Prior, Esq. Dean Gervais, and Mr. Pope, &c. &c.
978:
According to Berkeley there are only two kinds of things: spirits and ideas. Spirits are simple, active beings which produce and perceive ideas; ideas are passive beings which are produced and perceived.
958:
He remained at Cloyne until 1752, when he retired. With his wife and daughter Julia, he went to Oxford to live with his son George and supervise his education. He died soon afterwards and was buried in
1458:
Berkeley regarded his criticism of calculus as part of his broader campaign against the religious implications of Newtonian mechanics – as a defence of traditional Christianity against
1257:
magnitude; but they have as close and immediate a connexion with the magnitude as with the distance; and suggest magnitude as independently of distance, as they do distance independently of magnitude.
1535:, because they are derived from Godâthe creator of nature himself. "These laws of nature include duties never to resist the supreme power, lie under oath ... or do evil so that good may come of it."
2223:
The Works of George Berkeley, D.D., formerly Bishop of Cloyne: Including Many of His Writings Hitherto Unpublished; With Prefaces, Annotations, His Life and Letters, and an Account of His Philosophy
1284:, 1744). Moreover, much of his philosophy is shaped fundamentally by his engagement with the science of his time." The profundity of this interest can be judged from numerous entries in Berkeley's
1231:(AbĆ« ÊżAlÄ« al-កasan ibn al-កasan ibn al-Haytham) affirmed in experimental contexts the visibility of space. This issue, which was raised in Berkeley's theory of vision, was treated at length in the
1962:, particularly the final stanza: "Westward the course of empire takes its way; the first four Acts already past, a fifth shall close the Drama with the day; time's noblest offspring is the last".
5297:
1582:
George Berkeleyâs theory that matter does not exist comes from the belief that "sensible things are those only which are immediately perceived by sense." Berkeley says in his book called
1679:
once wrote of him: "Berkeley was, therefore, the first to treat the subjective starting-point really seriously and to demonstrate irrefutably its absolute necessity. He is the father of
1175:, of our minds and of God; for these are perceivers and not among objects of perception. Thus he says, rather weakly and without elucidation, that in addition to our ideas, we also have
895:
grew steadily more sceptical and lukewarm. At last it became clear that the essential Parliamentary grant would be not forthcoming", and in 1732 he left America and returned to London.
2394:: "Paraphrasing David Hume (1739 ...; see also Locke 1690, Berkeley 1710, Russell 1912): nothing is ever directly present to the mind in perception except perceptual appearances."
963:. His affectionate disposition and genial manners made him much loved and held in warm regard by many of his contemporaries. Anne outlived her husband by many years, and died in 1786.
9036:
8890:
8687:
3593:
Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics, in Berkeley, George, and Jessop, T.E. The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. London: Thomas Nelson and Son Ltd., 1948â1957, 4:113
1014:. The phrase appears associated with him in authoritative philosophical sources, e.g., "Berkeley holds that there are no such mind-independent things, that, in the famous phrase,
8930:
702:, in which he propounded his system of philosophy, the leading principle of which is that the world, as represented by our senses, depends for its existence on being perceived.
876:
to work on the plantation. In 2023, Trinity College Dublin removed Berkeley's name from one of its libraries because of his slave ownership and his active defence of slavery.
8895:
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6458:
2102:
A Proposal for Better Supplying Churches in our Foreign Plantations, and for converting the Savage Americans to Christianity by a College to be erected in the Summer Islands
4921:
3997:. Ed. by Barry Smith & David Woodruff Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 239â322. (The paper constitutes a discussion on the relation between
951:
is an effective antiseptic and disinfectant when applied to cuts on the skin, but Berkeley argued for the use of pine tar as a broad panacea for diseases. His 1744 work on
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8777:
8682:
1775:
call them, "secondary qualities", therefore perception laid entirely in the perceiver and not in the object. These are both topics today studied in modern psychology.
1646:
formed by help of memory and imaginationâeither compounding, dividing, or barely representing those originally perceived in the aforesaid ways". (Berkeley's emphasis.)
1025:#86). In contrast to ideas, a spirit cannot be perceived. A person's spirit, which perceives ideas, is to be comprehended intuitively by inward feeling or reflection (
915:
on 18 January 1734. He was consecrated as such on 19 May 1734. He was the Bishop of Cloyne until his death on 14 January 1753, although he died at Oxford (see below).
941:
Siris: A Chain of Philosophical Reflexions and Inquiries Concerning the Virtues of Tarwater, And divers other Subjects connected together and arising one from another
696:
in 1710, which had great success and gave him a lasting reputation, though few accepted his theory that nothing exists outside the mind. This was followed in 1713 by
8915:
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678:
in 1702, being awarded BA in 1704 and MA and a Fellowship in 1707. He remained at Trinity College after the completion of his degree as a tutor and Greek lecturer.
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Charles J. McCracken "Berkeley's Realism" // New Interpretations of Berkeley's Thought. Ed. by S. H. Daniel. New York: Humanity Books, 2008, p. 24.
1888:
I shall never forget the alacrity with which Johnson answered, striking his foot with mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it,â "I refute it
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Outside of America, during Berkeley's lifetime, his philosophical ideas were comparatively uninfluential. But interest in his doctrine grew from the 1870s when
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mathematical hypotheses (while their essentialist interpretation is eliminated). If not they may be ruled out altogether. This razor is sharper than Ockham's:
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These are sciences purely Verbal, & entirely useless but for Practise in Societys of Men. No speculative knowledge, no comparison of Ideas in them. (#768)
9086:
4678:
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De Motu, in Berkeley, George, and Jessop, T. E. The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. London: Thomas Nelson and Son Ltd., 1948â1957, 4:36â37.
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that even though sometimes, the consequences of an action in a specific situation might be bad, the general tendencies of that action benefit humanity.
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2018:
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The Analyst, in Berkeley, George, and Jessop, T.E. The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. London: Thomas Nelson and Son Ltd., 1948â1957, 4:77
3584:
The Analyst, in Berkeley, George, and Jessop, T.E. The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. London: Thomas Nelson and Son Ltd., 1948â1957, 4:76
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and his rather confused compilation "A New Refutation of Time." Mr. Leonard would have lost less of it had he gone straight to Berkeley and Bergson. (
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1672:, which made assertions similar to those of Berkeley's. However, there seemed to have been no influence or communication between the two writers.
1595:. He rebuts this concept by arguing that people cannot conceive of an object without also imagining the sensual input of the object. He argues in
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Boring E. G., 1942. Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 223, 298.
996:#35). This basic claim of Berkeley's thought, his "idealism", is sometimes and somewhat derisively called "immaterialism" or, occasionally,
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3539:(2012), "Leibniz's Infinitesimals: Their Fictionality, Their Modern Implementations, and Their Foes from Berkeley to Russell and Beyond",
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In another essay of the same book titled "Three Views Concerning Human Knowledge", Popper argues that Berkeley is to be considered as an
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A Defence of Free-thinking in Mathematics, with Appendix concerning Mr. Walton's vindication of Sir Isaac Newton's Principle of Fluxions
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actually imprinted on the senses; or else such as are perceived by attending to the passions and operations of the mind; or lastly
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1288:(1707â1708), e.g. "Mem. to Examine & accurately discuss the scholium of the 8th Definition of Mr Newton's Principia." (#316)
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Berkeley, George, and Howard Robinson. Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.
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Edward Chaney (2000), 'George Berkeley's Grand Tours: The Immaterialist as Connoisseur of Art and Architecture', in E. Chaney,
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Berkeley, George. "Principles of Human Knowledge." The Empiricists: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. Anchor Books, 1974, pp. 151â62.
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wrote extensively on Berkeley's use of language as a model for visual, physiological, natural and metaphysical relationships.
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Whatever power I may have over my own thoughts, I find the ideas actually perceived by Sense have not a like dependence on my
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Contains more easily readable versions of New Theory of Vision, Principles of Human Knowledge, Three Dialogues, and Alciphron
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3700:?" // Lemetti, Juhana and PiirimÀe, Eva, eds. Human Nature as the Basis of Morality and Society in Early Modern Philosophy.
3458:"To be of service to reckoning and mathematical demonstrations is one thing, to set forth the nature of things is another" (
2132:
The Theory of Vision, or Visual Language, shewing the immediate presence and providence of a Deity, vindicated and explained
1690:. A linear development is often traced from three great "British Empiricists", leading from Locke through Berkeley to Hume.
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for training ministers and missionaries in the colony, in pursuit of which he gave up his deanery with its income of ÂŁ1100.
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2014:
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2378:, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, p. 43: "All of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume supposed that mathematics is a theory of our
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Ross H. E., Plug, C., 1998. "The history of size constancy and size illusions." In Walsh, V. & Kulikowski, J. (Eds).
1484:
whose approach to calculus was a combination of infinitesimals and a notion of limit, and were eventually sidestepped by
923:
While living in London's Saville Street, he took part in efforts to create a home for the city's abandoned children. The
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Flage, Daniel E. "George Berkeley". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, www.iep.utm.edu/berkeley. Accessed 20 May 2019.
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philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "
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1942:
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2382:, but none of them offered any argument for this conceptualist claim, and apparently took it to be uncontroversial."
725:, who did acknowledge his "extraordinary genius," were nevertheless convinced that his first principles were false.
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1008:(to be is to be perceived), most often if slightly inaccurately attributed to Berkeley as the pure Latin phrase
856:, and Forster's first wife Rebecca Monck. He then went to America on a salary of ÂŁ100 per annum. He landed near
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3012:(Epilogue to the Satires, Dialogue ii, line 73) refers to God granting "To Berkeley every Virtue under Heaven".
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Axiom. No reasoning about things whereof we have no idea. Therefore no reasoning about Infinitesimals. (#354)
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in 1713. In this book, Berkeley's views were represented by Philonous (Greek: "lover of mind"), while Hylas ("
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New Interpretations of Berkeley's Thought. Ed. by S. H. Daniel. New York: Humanity Books, 2008, 319 pp.
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1970:
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263:
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69, 15 (1972):460â62; GĂŒnter Gawlick "MenschheitsglĂŒck und Wille Gottes: Neues Licht auf Berkeleys Ethik."
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2799:, 'George Berkeley's Grand Tours: The Immaterialist as Connoisseur of Art and Architecture', in E. Chaney,
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flat: yes, that's right. Flat I see, then think distance, near, far, flat I see, east, back. Ah, see now!
1446:
1376:
In addition to his contributions to philosophy, Berkeley was also very influential in the development of
1213:
spatial depth, as the distance that separates the perceiver from the perceived object is itself invisible
643:
160:
1421:
himselfâthough if to the latter, then the discourse was posthumously addressed, as Newton died in 1727.
1328:
A general practical resultâwhich I propose to call "Berkeley's razor"âof analysis of physics allows us
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484:, in 1710, which, after its poor reception, he rewrote in dialogue form and published under the title
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A Sermon preached before the incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
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3293:
Oriens-Occidens: Cahiers du centre d'histoire des sciences et des philosophies arabes et médiévales
2699:, Volume I, "A note on Berkeley as precursor of Mach and Einstein", Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.
2122:
1981:
1638:
It is evident to anyone who takes a survey of the objects of human knowledge, that they are either
1115:
concerning causality and objectivity is an elaboration of another aspect of Berkeley's philosophy.
865:
835:
757:, and once again chose to remain at Trinity College Dublin, lecturing this time in Divinity and in
588:
465:
and, as a result, cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of
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1977:
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506:
246:
230:
108:
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Douglas M. Jesseph (2005). "Berkeley's philosophy of mathematics". In Kenneth P. Winkler (ed.).
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1992:
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Berkeley also attempted to prove the existence of God throughout his beliefs in immaterialism.
1276:"Berkeley's works display his keen interest in natural philosophy from his earliest writings (
1199:, Berkeley frequently criticised the views of the Optic Writers, a title that seems to include
1034:
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323:
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A History of the Conceptions of Limits and Fluxions in Great Britain, from Newton to Woodhouse
3408:
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2602:
In this collection of essays, Turbayne's work comprised two papers that had been published in
2170:
Siris, a chain of philosophical reflections and inquiries, concerning the virtues of tar-water
1634:
Berkeley attempted to show how ideas manifest themselves into different objects of knowledge:
1211:. In sections 1â51, Berkeley argued against the classical scholars of optics by holding that:
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2003:
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University of Rochester â Department of Philosophy â George Berkeley Essay Prize Competition
1467:
submit to this, your Authority will no longer lead the way in Points of Reason and Science.
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covering the year 1763, recorded Johnson's opinion of one aspect of Berkeley's philosophy:
1746:
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for the door-case of his house in Rhode Island, Whitehall". He also brought to New England
681:
His earliest publication was on mathematics, but the first that brought him notice was his
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Schwartz, R, 1994. Vision: Variations on some Berkeleian themes. Oxford: Blackwell, p. 54.
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were connected to it, Berkeley's ideas were indirectly a foundation of the American Mind.
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A convinced adherent of Christianity, Berkeley believed God to be present as an immediate
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1083:
997:
972:
659:
447:
343:
268:
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2906:
he Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance (
2801:
The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance,
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6369:
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The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance
4292:
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3794:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Accessed 15 March 2017.
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32:
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1520:(1712) is considered Berkeley's major contribution to moral and political philosophy.
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explanations. If they have a mathematical and predictive content they may be admitted
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An extensive compendium of online resources, including a gallery of Berkeley's images
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2006:
blue plaque commemorating him is located in Bishop Street Within, the city of Derry.
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of his time. The theory was largely received with ridicule, while even those such as
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C. Turbayne's reply to S. A. Grave, "A Note on Berkeley's Conception of the Mind" (
2568:
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The Querist, containing several queries proposed to the consideration of the public
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Take away the signs from Arithmetic & Algebra, & pray what remains? (#767)
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533:
510:
432:
393:
348:
289:
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3708:. p. 53. (The article contains an extensive cover of literature on the topic from
3196:"The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907â21)"
3116:
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Ed. by A. A. Luce and T. E. Jessop. Nine volumes. Edinburgh and London, 1948â1957.
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4987:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934 (2nd edn, with additional Preface, 1967).
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Hence, human knowledge is reduced to two elements: that of spirits and of ideas (
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Shortly afterwards, Berkeley visited England and was received into the circle of
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In 1707, Berkeley published two treatises on mathematics. In 1734, he published
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Passive Obedience, or the Christian doctrine of not resisting the Supreme Power
1715:
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1409:
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The question concerning the visibility of space was central to the Renaissance
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1741:. A powerful impulse to serious studies in Berkeley's philosophy was given by
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8006:
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4150:. Ed. by S. H. Daniel. New York: Humanity Books, 2008, p. 25.
4002:
2796:
2644:
2642:
2182:
A Word to the Wise, or an exhortation to the Roman Catholic clergy of Ireland
1874:
1707:
1434:
1414:
1140:(Berkeley's intellectual predecessor) states that we define an object by its
1087:
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He did not evade the question of the external source of the diversity of the
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New York: 1975 (Repr. of the 1942 ed. publ. by the British Academy, London.)
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2651:, New York: Collier, 1974, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 64-22680
374:
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6349:
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6265:
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6044:
5954:
5893:
5873:
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5396:
A list of the published works by and about Berkeley as well as online links
5390:
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4345:
4016:
Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges
3532:
3393:
3081:. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy. Moscow, 1988, p. 78.
1821:(1849), when outlining a character's belief of being on board a ghostship:
1771:
in an effort to advance scholarship and research on the works of Berkeley.
1623:
1441:
used to develop the calculus. In his critique, Berkeley coined the phrase "
1418:
1357:
1333:
1248:
1100:
888:
880:
815:
502:
319:
311:
58:
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5341:
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Pursuing Happiness: The Organizational Culture of the Continental Congress
4037:
Pursuing Happiness: The Organizational Culture of the Continental Congress
2639:
494:", Greek: "matter") embodies the Irish thinker's opponents, in particular
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8772:
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7956:
7886:
7489:
7409:
7339:
7289:
7067:
6995:
6974:
6929:
6894:
6849:
6820:
6694:
6479:
6275:
6049:
5888:
5767:
5750:
5745:
5516:
5507:
5241:
4902:
3875:
3844:
3725:
3195:
2138:
1830:
1702:
1619:
1532:
1485:
1396:
1377:
1321:
1304:
1160:
1091:
988:
955:
sold more copies than any of his other books during Berkeley's lifetime.
746:
714:
547:
538:
466:
443:
315:
193:
5709:
5519:
4257:
4233:
1862:
And finally I owe no debt whatsoever (as Mr. Leonard seems to think) to
1090:
aptly christened it) claimed that nothing separated man and God (except
8370:
8350:
8201:
8176:
8141:
7996:
7961:
7946:
7921:
7891:
7623:
7349:
7314:
7264:
7149:
7047:
6934:
6859:
6699:
6679:
6664:
6634:
5883:
5794:
5651:
5626:
5616:
5554:
4708:
4683:
4523:
4317:
4296:
4272:
4218:
4194:
3541:
2861:"What to do about George Berkeley, Trinity figurehead and slave owner?"
2623:
2580:
1909:, were named after him, although the pronunciation has evolved to suit
1783:
1742:
1698:
1687:
1611:
1361:
1324:
speculation and reasoning. Popper summarises Berkeley's razor as such:
1320:
of the world, according to Berkeley, is only approached through proper
1316:
1239:, in the context of confirming the visual perception of spatial depth (
1164:
1137:
1120:
1112:
1054:
861:
663:
524:
495:
458:
331:
277:
5492:
A version of Berkeley's PHK condensed and rewritten for faster reading
4984:
Berkeley and Malebranche. A Study in the Origins of Berkeley's Thought
4348:) Ed. by C. M. Turbayne. Manchester, 1982. pp. 313â329.
4001:'s transcendental idealism and the idealist positions of Berkeley and
3620:
3250:
2998:(Spring 2013 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
2661:
Popper, K.R. (1 May 1953). "A note on Berkeley as precursor of Mach".
1767:
established the International Berkeley Essay Prize Competition at the
1737:, "the leading Berkeley scholar of the nineteenth century", published
1543:
is fundamentally different in that it "makes utility the one and only
1480:
The difficulties raised by Berkeley were still present in the work of
454:
and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are
8822:
8325:
7783:
7748:
7728:
7274:
7159:
7089:
7042:
7005:
6944:
6874:
5725:
5646:
5164:
Berkeley's Metaphysics. Structural, Interpretive, and Critical Essays
5130:
4874:
3980:
Cited from: Steinkraus, W. E. Berkeley, epistemology, and science //
3852:
3060:
3043:
2309:
2262:
From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics
1492:
approach, which eliminated infinitesimals altogether. More recently,
1116:
1046:
952:
713:
the defence. One of his main objectives was to combat the prevailing
8472:
4288:
4210:
3906:, Vol. I, "Fragments for the History of Philosophy", § 12.
2992:
Downing, Lisa (2013). "George Berkeley". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
2631:
2572:
577:
8838:
8181:
7723:
7284:
7139:
6914:
6879:
6084:
5679:
5672:
5434:
5430:
5304:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
4667: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3628:
2773:"George Berkeley | Biography, Philosophy, & Facts | Britannica"
2321:
1973:, was founded on 18 April 1735 and named for George Berkeley.
1680:
1570:
is notable partly for containing one of the earliest statements of
1426:
1405:
948:
754:
552:
436:
5481:
4663:
3555:
2978:", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2013 Edition),
2009:
Berkeley's farmhouse in Middletown, Rhode Island, is preserved as
1991:"Bishop Berkeley's Gold Medals" were two awards given annually at
931:
in 1739, and Berkeley is listed as one of its original governors.
523:), published 1721. His arguments were a precursor to the views of
8620:
8161:
7573:
7279:
7209:
7179:
7144:
7079:
7037:
7022:
6889:
3288:
1996:
1603:
Berkeley's ideas raised controversy because his argument refuted
1425:
represented a direct attack on the foundations and principles of
1228:
788:
4569:â A Supplement to those of Jessop and Turbayne by Silvia Parigi.
4104:
Berkeley's Principles and Dialogues: Background Source Materials
3948:
Berkeley's Principles and Dialogues: Background Source Materials
3071:
3069:
8275:
7824:
7169:
7119:
7032:
6904:
5755:
3477:
Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge
2392:
The Problem of Perception (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
1960:
Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America
1481:
451:
182:
6789:
3874:
3843:
2139:
The Analyst: A Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician
8375:
8021:
7674:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
7269:
7219:
5641:
3066:
1818:
1556:
Other important sources for Berkeley's views on morality are
1459:
984:
of "sensation" or "state of mind" or "conscious experience".
787:
In 1725, Berkeley began the project of founding a college in
666:, England. Little is known of his mother. He was educated at
427:; 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753) â known as
5446:
Another perspective on how Berkeley framed his immaterialism
5224:
A Metaphysics for the Mob: The Philosophy of George Berkeley
1925:
1311:. Berkeley's razor is considered by Popper to be similar to
402:
7214:
7194:
7189:
7114:
7072:
7057:
3140:
3138:
2748:"Stock's 'An Account of the Life of George Berkeley, D.D.'"
1934:
1247:
commonplace because the eminent historian and psychologist
1105:
555:, which was influential in the development of mathematics.
491:
462:
455:
411:
5385:
5376:
5231:). New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. â 172 p.
4107:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 6 (
3950:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 5 (
2592:
Berkeley's Principles of Human Knowledge: Critical Studies
1099:
Berkeley believed that God is not the distant engineer of
469:, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism.
3984:. Worcester, 1984. Vol. 14, no. 3. p. 184.
3409:"Berkeley's natural philosophy and philosophy of science"
2164:
A Discourse addressed to Magistrates and Men of Authority
1858:
alludes to Berkeley's philosophy as informing his novel:
1833:
references Berkeley's philosophy in the third episode of
1686:
Berkeley is considered one of the originators of British
1615:
780:. This naming followed Vanhomrigh's violent quarrel with
5529:
4493:
The Library of Trinity College Dublin: News & Alerts
3915:
3135:
3092:"Berkeley, George | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
2176:
A Letter to the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cloyne
1344:
entities are ruled out except those which are perceived.
1033:#145). This is the solution that Berkeley offers to the
1004:#3, he wrote, using a combination of Latin and English,
7614:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
4883:
The Other Bishop Berkeley. An Exercise in Reenchantment
4630:
Berkeley's World: An Examination of the Three Dialogues
4489:"Trinity College Dublin to dename the Berkeley Library"
3892:
see: "Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man" VI:VII.
3832:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
3464:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
3210:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
2960:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
2067:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
481:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
5016:, Vol. 22, No. 3, March 1962, pp. 383-386 on JSTOR.org
4798:. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.
4770:
4404:(9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomas Higher Education.
3611:
Cantor, Geoffrey. "Berkeley's The Analyst Revisited".
3419:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 230.
2505:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 266.
2013:, also known as Berkeley House, and was listed on the
4723:
4679:
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
4376:
International Berkeley Society â Turbayne Essay Prize
3865:
see: "Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man" II:X.
3303:, "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's Optics",
2557:(September 1959). "Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind".
2348:"Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification"
2088:
An Essay Towards Preventing the Ruin of Great Britain
1943:
1928:
1721:
When Berkeley visited America, the American educator
1714:". Some authors draw a parallel between Berkeley and
1661:
Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
848:, London, Berkeley married Anne Forster, daughter of
693:
Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
662:
and who had served as feudal lords and landowners in
420:
405:
5160:
5006:, Vol. 20, No. 1, Sept. 1959, pp. 85-92 on JSTOR.org
4791:
4577:â About 300 works from the 19th century to our days.
3821:, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992, pp. 106â24.
2881:"Berkeley Name Dropped From Trinity College Library"
2152:
Reasons for not replying to Mr. Walton's Full Answer
1931:
1922:
1664:
was published three years before the publication of
408:
399:
4739:
George Berkeley: a study of his life and philosophy
2127:(in Italian). Venezia: Francesco Storti (2.). 1732.
1919:
1303:is a rule of reasoning proposed by the philosopher
1148:cold, then the heat is not a quality of the water.
396:
5122:
5022:
4844:
4777:. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
4082:
3971:Reid T. "Inquiry into the Human Mind", Dedication.
3360:"The First Cataract Surgeons in the British Isles"
3110:
3108:
2726:. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
2589:
2498:
1062:Here is Berkeley's proof of the existence of God:
987:Thus Berkeley denied the existence of matter as a
472:In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work,
450:" by others). This theory denies the existence of
5459:
5288:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
4745:
4471:"Working Paper on Berkeley's Legacies at Trinity"
4089:(1965 revision of the 1959 ed.). The Hague:
3341:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 499â528.
2663:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
2345:
1402:A DISCOURSE Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician
650:, Ireland, the eldest son of William Berkeley, a
9099:
5020:
4733:
4719:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 779â781.
3882:. Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart. p. 464
3339:Perceptual constancy: Why things look as they do
1817:humorously references Berkeley in Chapter 20 of
1796:When Bishop Berkeley said 'there was no matter,'
1792:references immaterialism in the Eleventh Canto:
1618:. (This makes Berkeley's argument hinge upon an
1610:Berkeley's theory relies heavily on his form of
1496:restored infinitesimal methods in his 1966 book
883:into America by borrowing a design from Kent's
5502:Electronic Texts for philosopher Charlie Dunbar
5195:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4865:
4703:
4340:A Bibliography of George Berkeley 1963â1979 //
4085:The Early Reception of Berkeley's Immaterialism
3880:"The Works of Thomas Reid, now fully collected"
3849:"The Works of Thomas Reid, now fully collected"
3779:The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained
3357:
3105:
2305:List of people on the postage stamps of Ireland
2229:. In 4 Volumes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901.
1315:but "more powerful". It represents an extreme,
1307:in his study of Berkeley's key scientific work
5211:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
4966:
4939:Secondary literature available on the Internet
4871:Berkeley and the Principles of Human Knowledge
4842:
4652:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4605:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
3817:Urmson, J. O., et al. "The Attack on Matter".
3777:Buckingham, Will. "To Be Is To Be Perceived".
3501:
3462:), cited by G. Warnock in the introduction to
3225:The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne
3170:The Works of George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne
3057:Berkeley and the Principles of Human Knowledge
3040:Berkeley and the Principles of Human Knowledge
1159:George Berkeley was a philosopher who opposed
966:
16:Anglo-Irish philosopher and bishop (1685â1753)
8854:
8636:
8488:
7840:
6805:
5570:
4591:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
4101:McCracken, Charles J. and Tipton, Ian, eds.,
3946:McCracken, Charles J. and Tipton, Ian, eds.,
1502:by showing that they can be used rigorously.
1243:), and by way of refuting Berkeley's thesis.
1018:âto be is to be perceived (or to perceive)."
5699:
5670:
5656:
5511:Berkeley's Argument About Material Substance
5037:olscamp moral philosophy of george berkeley.
5012:"Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind Part II" â
4682:. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via
3895:
3781:, DK Publishing, New York, 2011, pp. 138â41.
3406:
3297:Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2942:E. Chaney, "George Berkeley's Grand Tours",
1800:They say his system 't is in vain to batter,
1798:And proved itâ't was no matter what he said:
1778:
1562:(1732), especially dialogues IâIII, and the
1371:
19:For other people named George Berkeley, see
5765:
5541:Empiricism (J. Locke, G. Berkeley, D. Hume)
4944:Most sources listed below are suggested by
4603:Berkeley's Idealism. A Critical Examination
4544:A Bibliography of George Berkeley 1963â1979
4273:"Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind (Part II)"
4146:Charles J. McCracken "Berkeley's Realism",
3928:Empiricism (J. Locke, G. Berkeley, D. Hume)
3358:Leffler, CT; Schwartz, SG (February 2021).
3283:For recent studies on this topic refer to:
2587:
2435:
2081:Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
1804:And yet who can believe it? I would shatter
1133:Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
699:Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
606:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
487:Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
9258:Burials at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford
8861:
8847:
8643:
8629:
8495:
8481:
7847:
7833:
6812:
6798:
5577:
5563:
5167:. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Press.
4548:Berkeley: Critical and Interpretive Essays
4515:
4342:Berkeley: Critical and Interpretive Essays
4171:. Cornell University Press, London, 1993,
3993:Philipse, H. "Transcendental Idealism" in
3615:, Vol. 75, No. 4 (Dec. 1984), pp. 668â83.
3531:
2723:Berkeley: critical and interpretive essays
2376:Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction
1810:And wear my head, denying that I wear it.
51:
5451:Original texts and discussion concerning
5324:Learn how and when to remove this message
5089:Berkeley: The Philosophy of Immaterialism
5074:Berkeley, The Philosophy of Immaterialism
5058:1â2 (January 1973):24â42; H. M. Bracken.
4774:Berkeley Critical and Interpretive Essays
4622:, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000.
4615:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.
4596:New Interpretations of Berkeley's Thought
4455:Trinity College Dublin â Calendar 2016â17
4148:New Interpretations of Berkeley's Thought
3554:
3383:
3208:G. Warnock, Introduction to G. Berkeley,
2494:
2492:
1806:Gladly all matters down to stone or lead,
1095:decipher and so grasp the divine purpose.
658:whose ancestry can be traced back to the
626:Learn how and when to remove this message
5584:
5342:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
5120:
5014:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
5004:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
4970:The Development of Berkeley's Philosophy
4581:
4277:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
4270:
4231:
4199:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
4192:
3790:The Editors of EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica.
3144:
2719:
2615:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
2604:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
2560:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
2553:
2526:
2029:
1969:, currently the least populated town in
1954:, a trustee of what was then called the
1265:
902:
879:It has been claimed that "he introduced
5520:Berkeley's Denial of Material Substance
5471:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
5026:The Moral Philosophy of George Berkeley
4457:, p. 369. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
4399:
4080:
3712:to up-to-date investigations including
2995:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2991:
2962:, Open Court La Salle, 1986, p. 9.
2530:An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
2059:An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
1950:). The naming was suggested in 1866 by
1808:Or adamant, to find the world a spirit,
1763:). In 1988, the Australian philosopher
1332:to eliminate from physical science all
1190:
1126:
854:Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas
794:
772:In 1723, Berkeley was named co-heir of
690:The next publication to appear was the
684:An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision
475:An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
9100:
4672:
3706:Philosophical Society of Finland, 2007
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3299:Vol. 5 (2004), pp. 171â84. See also:
2970:
2968:
2660:
2588:Engle, Gale; Taylor, Gabriele (1968).
2489:
2346:Fumerton, Richard (21 February 2000).
2219:, Pater Noster Row, 1784. Two volumes.
1958:. Billings was inspired by Berkeley's
1802:Too subtle for the airiest human head;
638:Berkeley was born at his family home,
9243:Christian clergy from County Kilkenny
8842:
8624:
8502:
8476:
7828:
7644:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
6793:
5815:
5596:
5558:
5154:George Berkeley: Idealism and the Man
5125:The Rhetoric of Berkeley's Philosophy
5062:3 (1973): 396â97; and Stanley Grean.
4726:The History of the Foundling Hospital
4486:
4465:
4463:
3855:: Maclachlan and Stewart. p. 287
3813:
3811:
3809:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3010:Satires, Epistles, and Odes of Horace
2858:
2533:(2 ed.). Dublin: Jeremy Pepyat.
2404:
2402:
2400:
1445:", familiar to students of calculus.
728:
8868:
7744:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
7664:The World as Will and Representation
5268:
5064:Journal of the History of Philosophy
5002:"Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind" â
4885:, Fordham University Press, New York
4554:, Manchester, 1982. pp. 313â29.
4378:on internationalberkeleysociety.org.
3652:." Berkeley Studies 23 (2012): 3â13.
3479:, New York: Routledge, 2002, p. 231.
2958:, Introduction to: George Berkeley,
2124:Essays toward a new theory of vision
2115:Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher
2015:National Register of Historic Places
1455:captures the gist of his criticism.
1197:Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
918:
604:adding citations to reliable sources
571:
9238:People educated at Kilkenny College
9158:Academics of Trinity College Dublin
5386:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5377:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5358:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5346:
5183:The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley
4957:Berkeley: a Guide for the Perplexed
4650:The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley
3834:, Open Court La Salle, 1986, p. 65.
3735:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3466:, Open Court La Salle, 1986, p. 24.
3417:The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley
3344:
3287:, 'La perception de la profondeur:
3255:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3212:, Open Court La Salle, 1986, p. 29.
3121:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3114:
3023:Berkeley: A Guide for the Perplexed
2965:
2596:. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. pp.
2502:The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley
2415:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2408:
2352:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1505:
1295:
1179:âwe know what it means to speak of
551:, a critique of the foundations of
13:
9253:Scholars of Trinity College Dublin
8650:
5161:Muehlmann, Robert G., ed. (1995).
4741:. New York: Russell & Russell.
4691:
4589:Re-examining Berkeley's Philosophy
4460:
4426:"Why Is Berkeley Called Berkeley?"
4250:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1954.tb01135.x
4018:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007,
3995:The Cambridge Companion to Husserl
3878:; Ed. by William Hamilton (1852).
3847:; Ed. by William Hamilton (1852).
3806:
3766:
3750:
3634:
3221:
3166:
2908:Frank Cass Publishers, 2000), 324.
2397:
1903:University of California, Berkeley
1429:and, in particular, the notion of
14:
9269:
9203:Fellows of Trinity College Dublin
9128:18th-century Anglican theologians
9123:17th-century Anglican theologians
5422:Works by or about George Berkeley
5264:
5208:Reexamining Berkeley's Philosophy
4707:; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911).
4698:Category:George Berkeley scholars
4574:A Bibliography on George Berkeley
4559:Berkeley Bibliography (1979â2010)
4529:A bibliography of George Berkeley
4354:Berkeley Bibliography (1979â2010)
4322:A bibliography of George Berkeley
4195:"Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind"
3716:'s article on Berkeley's ethics.)
3364:American Journal of Ophthalmology
2821:St Mary le Strand parish register
2649:Berkeley's Philosophical Writings
2609:"Berkeley's Two Concepts of Mind"
907:Berkeley was nominated to be the
814:of Berkeley and his entourage by
9163:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
7854:
7807:
7797:
7796:
6773:
6772:
5438:
5382:Berkeley's Philosophy of Science
5273:
5157:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.
4749:Berkeley's Philosophy of Science
4724:R.H. Nichols; F A. Wray (1935).
4662:
4632:, Oxford University Press, 2002.
4598:, Amherst: Humanity Books, 2008.
3696:Jakapi, Roomet. "Was Berkeley a
3231:. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons
3176:. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons
2982:(ed.). Retrieved 21 August 2013.
2803:2nd ed. London, Routledge. 2000
2441:"Berkeley Is Pronounced Barclay"
1915:
1896:
1577:
1525:A Discourse on Passive Obedience
1518:A Discourse on Passive Obedience
1016:esse est percipi (aut percipere)
824:
803:
576:
392:
373:
21:George Berkeley (disambiguation)
9153:18th-century Anglo-Irish people
9148:17th-century Anglo-Irish people
9138:18th-century Irish philosophers
9133:18th-century Irish male writers
7594:Meditations on First Philosophy
6819:
5044:Studi internazionali filosofici
5010:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1962).
5000:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1959).
4995:A History of Western Philosophy
4771:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1982).
4480:
4444:
4418:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4303:
4271:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1962).
4264:
4234:"Berkeley and Russell on Space"
4232:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1954).
4225:
4193:Turbayne, Colin Murray (1959).
4186:
4161:
4140:
4123:
4071:
4060:, Nonagram Publications, 2013,
4050:
4039:, Nonagram Publications, 2013,
4029:
4008:
3987:
3974:
3965:
3940:
3909:
3868:
3837:
3824:
3797:
3784:
3741:
3719:
3690:
3665:
3655:
3650:and Berkeley's Moral Philosophy
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3525:
3495:
3482:
3469:
3452:
3442:
3433:
3400:
3331:
3322:
3307:, Vol. 15 (2005), pp. 189â218 (
3277:
3268:
3243:
3215:
3202:
3188:
3160:
3084:
3049:
3032:
3015:
3002:
2985:
2949:
2936:
2911:
2898:
2873:
2852:
2827:
2813:
2790:
2765:
2740:
2713:
2702:
2689:
2654:
1142:primary and secondary qualities
961:Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford
939:His last two publications were
8271:Analyticâsynthetic distinction
5498: (archived 17 March 2006).
5391:International Berkeley Society
4402:A History of Modern Psychology
3305:Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
3291:, Berkeley et Merleau-Ponty',
3145:Balaguer, Mark (12 May 2004).
2547:
2519:
2471:
2429:
2385:
2365:
2339:
2260:Ewald, William B., ed., 1996.
2206:
872:". Berkeley purchased several
868: – the famous "
1:
4993:Berkeley // Bertrand Russell
4832:, 2nd ed. London, Routledge.
4792:Muehlmann, Robert G. (1992).
4728:. London: Oxford Univ. Press.
3673:"Berkeley's Theory of Morals"
3251:"George Berkeley (1685â1753)"
3079:The Main Trends in Philosophy
2839:Yale, Slavery & Abolition
2720:Turbayne, Colin, ed. (1982).
2332:
2264:, 2 vols. Oxford Uni. Press.
2255:The Works of George Berkeley.
2194:Farther Thoughts on Tar-water
1971:Bristol County, Massachusetts
1864:the famous Argentine essayist
1848:In commenting on a review of
1629:Principles of Human Knowledge
1597:Principles of Human Knowledge
1584:Principles of Human Knowledge
1443:ghosts of departed quantities
1078:As T. I. Oizerman explained:
945:Further Thoughts on Tar-water
934:
709:gives the exposition and the
9218:Irish expatriates in England
7779:Philosophy of space and time
5816:
5702:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4919:Reviewed by Thomas M. Lennon
2188:Maxims concerning Patriotism
1907:city of Berkeley, California
1739:The Works of George Berkeley
1653:
562:
545:, and in 1734, he published
7:
8316:Internalism and externalism
7654:The Phenomenology of Spirit
5671:
5437:(public domain audiobooks)
5103:Berkeley: An Interpretation
5042:Reviewed by: Désirée Park.
4959:(2008). See the textbook's
4819:R. Muehlmann is one of the
4430:Berkeley Historical Society
4324:. 2nd ed., Springer, 1973.
3490:Conjectures and Refutations
2944:Evolution of the Grand Tour
2697:Conjectures and Refutations
2298:
2024:
1988:also bear Berkeley's name.
1728:Declaration of Independence
1233:Phenomenology of Perception
1040:
967:Contributions to philosophy
776:, along with the barrister
753:, earning his doctorate in
10:
9274:
9223:Irish natural philosophers
9193:Enlightenment philosophers
9168:Anglican bishops of Cloyne
9143:18th-century Irish writers
5597:
5135:Cambridge University Press
5060:Eighteenth-Century Studies
4847:Berkeley in ninety minutes
4746:Brook, Richard J. (1973).
4695:
4613:George Berkeley in America
4594:Daniel, Stephen H. (ed.),
4587:Daniel, Stephen H. (ed.),
4510:
4400:Schultz, Duane P. (2008).
4169:The Rhetoric of Empiricism
4081:Bracken, Harry M. (1965).
3309:Cambridge University Press
3147:"Platonism in Metaphysics"
2483:Collins English Dictionary
2316:Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
2276:Letter to Samuel Molyneaux
2048:Philosophical Commentaries
1952:Frederick H. Billings
1509:
1286:Philosophical Commentaries
1272:De Motu (Berkeley's essay)
1269:
1130:
970:
567:
18:
8876:
8658:
8510:
8442:
8391:
8240:
8147:Evolutionary epistemology
8117:
7862:
7792:
7716:
7515:
7255:
6983:
6827:
6759:
6713:
6615:
6572:
6551:
6498:
6467:
6451:
6398:
6332:
6284:
6248:
6215:
6134:
6093:
5937:
5826:
5822:
5811:
5716:Methodological skepticism
5607:
5603:
5592:
5401:Berkeley's Life and Works
5242:Reviewed by Marc A. Hight
5021:Olscamp, Paul J. (1970).
4903:Reviewed by Marc A. Hight
4881:Costica Bradatan (2006),
3952:The editor's Introduction
3710:Alexander Campbell Fraser
3702:Acta Philosophica Fennica
3565:10.1007/s10670-012-9370-y
3376:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.009
3317:10.1017/S0957423905000172
2527:Berkeley, George (1709).
2452:(13): 1â3. Archived from
2227:Alexander Campbell Fraser
2019:St. Columba's Chapel
1779:Appearances in literature
1735:Alexander Campbell Fraser
1693:Berkeley influenced many
1437:change, which Newton and
1372:Philosophy of mathematics
381:
372:
367:
363:
337:
305:
295:
262:
252:
242:
238:
226:
215:
207:
199:
189:
172:
142:
137:
129:
119:
114:
104:
94:
86:
76:
66:
50:
43:
30:
8419:Philosophy of perception
8222:Representational realism
8192:Naturalized epistemology
7769:Philosophy of psychology
7704:Simulacra and Simulation
5524:The Philosophical Review
5476:University of St Andrews
5431:Works by George Berkeley
5413:Works by George Berkeley
5205:Daniel, Stephen H., ed.
5121:Walmsley, Peter (1990).
5056:Philosophische Rundschau
4710:"Berkeley, George"
4532:2 edn., Springer, 1973.
3934:15 November 2009 at the
3903:Parerga and Paralipomena
3730:"Rule Consequentialism."
2835:"First Scholarship Fund"
2709:jhollandtranslations.com
2618:, 1962, vol. 22, No. 4,
1564:Discourse to Magistrates
1352:philosopher, along with
1049:of all our experiences.
836:Middletown, Rhode Island
761:. In 1721/2 he was made
531:. In 1732, he published
501:Berkeley argued against
57:Portrait of Berkeley by
9248:Philosophers of science
9228:Irish religious writers
8399:Outline of epistemology
8232:Transcendental idealism
7634:Critique of Pure Reason
5093:The Berkeley Newsletter
5077:London: Methuen, 1974.
4967:Johnston G. A. (1923).
4924:17 October 2013 at the
4843:Paul Strathern (2000).
4716:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4516:Bibliographic resources
4487:admin (26 April 2023).
4451:Prizes and Other Awards
2923:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2777:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2160:(three parts, 1735â37).
2042:Miscellanea Mathematica
1769:University of Rochester
1280:, 1707) to his latest (
1183:and their operations."
654:of the noble family of
247:18th-century philosophy
234:(B.A., 1704; M.A. 1707)
231:Trinity College, Dublin
8346:Problem of other minds
7225:Typeâtoken distinction
7053:Hypostatic abstraction
6835:Abstract object theory
5766:
5700:
5666:Enlightened absolutism
5657:
5257:HampdenâSydney College
5095:17 (2006), p. 4).
5066:12, 3 (1974): 398â403.
4914:HampdenâSydney College
4821:Berkeley Prize Winners
4642:, Penguin Books, 1953.
2011:Whitehall Museum House
1993:Trinity College Dublin
1894:
1880:Life of Samuel Johnson
1872:
1846:
1828:
1812:
1712:Alfred North Whitehead
1648:
1469:
1392:
1346:
1259:
1097:
1076:
1060:
1035:problem of other minds
981:
885:Designs of Inigo Jones
672:Trinity College Dublin
300:Trinity College Dublin
9173:Anglican philosophers
8424:Philosophy of science
8404:Faith and rationality
8286:Descriptive knowledge
8157:Feminist epistemology
8097:Nicholas Wolterstorff
7814:Philosophy portal
7694:Being and Nothingness
7110:Mental representation
5632:Counter-Enlightenment
5052:Journal of Philosophy
4946:Dr. Talia M. Bettcher
4814:Journal of Philosophy
4582:Philosophical studies
4390:on sas.rochester.edu.
4109:Editor's Introduction
3407:Lisa Downing (2005).
3123:. Stanford University
2675:10.1093/bjps/IV.13.26
2417:. Stanford University
2030:Original publications
2004:Ulster History Circle
1956:College of California
1885:
1877:, in the part of his
1860:
1841:
1823:
1794:
1765:Colin Murray Turbayne
1751:Colin Murray Turbayne
1636:
1499:Non-standard analysis
1464:
1452:From Here to Infinity
1382:
1326:
1266:Philosophy of physics
1254:
1237:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
1080:
1064:
1051:
976:
903:Episcopate in Ireland
858:Newport, Rhode Island
834:, Berkeley's home in
705:For this theory, the
8356:Procedural knowledge
8341:Problem of induction
7739:Feminist metaphysics
5586:Age of Enlightenment
5551:â digital facsimile.
5535:20 July 2011 at the
5462:Robertson, Edmund F.
5406:12 July 2012 at the
5371:14 June 2010 at the
5294:improve this article
5247:15 June 2011 at the
5100:Winkler, Kenneth P.
4908:15 June 2011 at the
4674:Cousin, John William
4636:Warnock, Geoffrey J.
4014:Hoeveler, J. David,
3922:20 July 2011 at the
3027:Continuum Publishing
2054:(1707â08, notebooks)
1747:Thomas Edmund Jessop
1743:A. A. Luce
1366:critical rationalism
1191:New theory of vision
1127:Relativity arguments
1108:that perceives all.
860:, where he bought a
844:On 1 August 1728 at
795:Marriage and America
600:improve this section
507:absolute space, time
9208:History of calculus
9077:David Chillingworth
9027:Edward Albert Myles
9002:Theophilus Campbell
8434:Virtue epistemology
8429:Social epistemology
8409:Formal epistemology
8296:Epistemic injustice
8291:Exploratory thought
8092:Ludwig Wittgenstein
7584:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
7095:Linguistic modality
6592:FeijĂło y Montenegro
6543:Vorontsova-Dashkova
5460:O'Connor, John J.;
5306:footnote references
5253:University of Tartu
4951:28 May 2010 at the
4795:Berkeley's Ontology
4646:Winkler, Kenneth P.
4618:Pappas, George S.,
4565:3 July 2013 at the
4361:3 July 2013 at the
4114:6 July 2011 at the
3958:6 July 2011 at the
3819:British Empiricists
2956:Geoffrey J. Warnock
2449:Berkeley Newsletter
1978:residential college
1695:modern philosophers
1677:Arthur Schopenhauer
1675:German philosopher
1572:rule utilitarianism
1169:subjective idealist
998:subjective idealism
973:Subjective idealism
448:subjective idealism
344:Subjective idealism
269:Subjective idealism
9233:Irish slave owners
8673:Michael Wandesford
8087:Timothy Williamson
7877:Augustine of Hippo
7774:Philosophy of self
7764:Philosophy of mind
7028:Embodied cognition
6940:Scientific realism
5731:Natural philosophy
5545:Berkeley's (1734)
5526:Vol. LXIII (1954).
5193:Kenneth P. Winkler
4620:Berkeley's Thought
4432:. 10 February 2022
3982:Idealistic Studies
3413:Kenneth P. Winkler
3222:George, Berkeley.
3167:George, Berkeley.
3063:, 2001. pp. 74â75.
2437:Watson, Richard A.
2328:schools of thought
2326:consciousness-only
1982:Episcopal seminary
1670:Clavis Universalis
1550:act utilitarianism
1111:The philosophy of
925:Foundling Hospital
729:England and Europe
660:Anglo-Saxon period
452:material substance
257:Western philosophy
33:The Right Reverend
9095:
9094:
9072:Roland Hutchinson
9012:Robert O'Loughlin
8951:Samuel Hutchinson
8836:
8835:
8618:
8617:
8605:Charles Warburton
8504:Bishops of Cloyne
8470:
8469:
8336:Privileged access
7972:SĂžren Kierkegaard
7822:
7821:
7001:Category of being
6970:Truthmaker theory
6787:
6786:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5780:Scientific method
5637:Critical thinking
5466:"George Berkeley"
5417:Project Gutenberg
5349:"George Berkeley"
5334:
5333:
5326:
5237:978-0-19-531393-2
5174:978-0-271-02656-5
5083:978-0-416-70440-2
5046:3 (1971):228â30;
4894:978-1-59102-557-3
4858:978-1-56663-291-1
4763:978-90-247-1555-8
4601:Dicker, Georges,
4538:978-90-247-1577-0
4411:978-0-495-09799-0
4330:978-90-247-1577-0
4167:Jules David Law.
4156:978-1-59102-557-3
4135:978-1-59102-557-3
3830:George Berkeley,
3792:"George Berkeley"
3648:Passive Obedience
3518:978-1-143-05698-7
3426:978-0-521-45033-1
3117:"George Berkeley"
2904:Chaney, Edward. T
2733:978-0-8166-1065-5
2512:978-0-521-45033-1
2411:"George Berkeley"
2052:Common-Place Book
1568:Passive Obedience
1512:Passive obedience
1354:Robert Bellarmine
919:Humanitarian work
913:Church of Ireland
874:enslaved Africans
846:St Mary le Strand
774:Esther Vanhomrigh
751:Church of Ireland
676:elected a Scholar
636:
635:
628:
440:Church of Ireland
385:
384:
358:passive obedience
221:Philosophy career
71:Church of Ireland
9265:
9183:Deans of Dromore
9017:Thomas Clarendon
8921:Nicholas Greaves
8870:Deans of Dromore
8863:
8856:
8849:
8840:
8839:
8813:Leslie Lawrenson
8798:George Galbraith
8645:
8638:
8631:
8622:
8621:
8595:Richard Woodward
8580:Frederick Hervey
8530:William Palliser
8520:Patrick Sheridan
8497:
8490:
8483:
8474:
8473:
8414:Metaepistemology
8392:Related articles
8366:Regress argument
8301:Epistemic virtue
8052:Bertrand Russell
8027:Duncan Pritchard
7987:Hilary Kornblith
7902:Laurence BonJour
7849:
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7589:
7579:
7569:
7559:
7549:
7539:
7529:
7205:Substantial form
7017:Cogito, ergo sum
6960:Substance theory
6814:
6807:
6800:
6791:
6790:
6776:
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5594:
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5579:
5572:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5522:â Published in:
5478:
5442:
5441:
5426:Internet Archive
5362:
5353:Zalta, Edward N.
5329:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5309:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5178:
5148:
5128:
5039:
5033:Martinus Nijhoff
5030:
4978:
4932:19 (2008):51â56.
4930:Berkeley Studies
4899:For reviews see:
4878:
4862:
4850:
4809:
4788:
4767:
4754:Martinus Nijhoff
4742:
4735:John Daniel Wild
4729:
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4351:Parigi, Silvia.
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4098:
4091:Martinus Nijhoff
4088:
4075:
4069:
4056:Olsen, Neil C.,
4054:
4048:
4035:Olsen, Neil C.,
4033:
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3511:. BiblioBazaar.
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3055:Fogelin, Robert
3053:
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3038:Fogelin, Robert
3036:
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2989:
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2974:Downing, Lisa, "
2972:
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2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2885:Inside Higher Ed
2877:
2871:
2870:
2859:Humphreys, Joe.
2856:
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2849:
2847:
2845:
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2824:
2823:. 1 August 1728.
2817:
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1924:
1921:
1911:American English
1856:Vladimir Nabokov
1760:Berkeley Studies
1506:Moral philosophy
1494:Abraham Robinson
1488:by means of his
1404:, a critique of
1301:Berkeley's razor
1296:Berkeley's razor
1163:and "classical"
1011:esse est percipi
909:Bishop of Cloyne
828:
807:
668:Kilkenny College
631:
624:
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433:Bishop of Cloyne
423:
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349:esse est percipi
290:Indirect realism
179:
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138:Personal details
55:
45:Bishop of Cloyne
28:
27:
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9262:
9198:Epistemologists
9108:George Berkeley
9098:
9097:
9096:
9091:
9062:Norman Lockhart
8941:George Berkeley
8872:
8867:
8837:
8832:
8778:Charles Seymour
8718:George Berkeley
8688:George Beaumont
8683:Geoffrey Rhodes
8678:James Margetson
8654:
8649:
8619:
8614:
8590:George Chinnery
8565:George Berkeley
8506:
8501:
8471:
8466:
8438:
8387:
8306:Gettier problem
8236:
8167:Foundationalism
8113:
8062:Wilfrid Sellars
8017:Alvin Plantinga
7897:George Berkeley
7864:Epistemologists
7858:
7853:
7823:
7818:
7808:
7806:
7788:
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7707:
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7557:
7554:De rerum natura
7547:
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7251:
7155:Physical object
6991:Abstract object
6979:
6965:Theory of forms
6900:Meaning of life
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5785:Spanish America
5659:Encyclopédistes
5622:Civil liberties
5599:
5588:
5583:
5537:Wayback Machine
5496:Wayback Machine
5439:
5408:Wayback Machine
5373:Wayback Machine
5366:George Berkeley
5347:Downing, Lisa.
5338:George Berkeley
5330:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5291:
5282:This article's
5278:
5274:
5267:
5249:Wayback Machine
5221:Roberts, John.
5175:
5151:Berman, David.
5145:
5108:Clarendon Press
4953:Wayback Machine
4926:Wayback Machine
4910:Wayback Machine
4867:Fogelin, Robert
4859:
4851:. Ivan R. Dee.
4806:
4785:
4764:
4705:Adamson, Robert
4700:
4694:
4692:Further reading
4584:
4567:Wayback Machine
4542:Turbayne C. M.
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3645:HĂ€yry, Matti. "
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3198:. 26 June 2022.
3194:
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3136:
3126:
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3115:Downing, Lisa.
3113:
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3094:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3074:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3037:
3033:
3021:Bettcher T. M.
3020:
3016:
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3003:
2990:
2986:
2980:Edward N. Zalta
2976:George Berkeley
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2925:
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2866:The Irish Times
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2632:10.2307/2105263
2585:
2573:10.2307/2104957
2555:Turbayne, C. M.
2552:
2548:
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2490:
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2409:Downing, Lisa.
2407:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2301:
2217:George Robinson
2209:
2121:
2070:, Part I (1710)
2032:
2027:
1986:Yale University
1944:
1918:
1914:
1899:
1868:Strong Opinions
1815:Herman Melville
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1781:
1656:
1580:
1514:
1508:
1374:
1350:instrumentalist
1298:
1274:
1268:
1193:
1135:
1129:
1084:mystic idealism
1043:
1006:esse is percipi
975:
969:
937:
927:was founded by
921:
905:
842:
841:
840:
839:
838:
829:
820:
819:
818:
808:
797:
778:Robert Marshall
763:Dean of Dromore
731:
723:William Whiston
674:, where he was
648:County Kilkenny
632:
621:
615:
612:
597:
581:
570:
565:
529:Albert Einstein
505:'s doctrine of
429:Bishop Berkeley
421:
395:
391:
388:George Berkeley
354:master argument
340:
308:
288:
284:
282:Foundationalism
280:
276:
233:
219:
181:
177:
176:14 January 1753
168:
165:County Kilkenny
154:
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146:
133:18 January 1734
124:
62:
39:
38:George Berkeley
36:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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9178:Deans of Derry
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9007:Abraham Dawson
9004:
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8994:
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8974:
8969:
8964:
8958:
8953:
8948:
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8916:Robert Forward
8913:
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8865:
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8828:William Morton
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8793:Thomas Olphert
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8743:Thomas Barnard
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8715:
8710:
8705:
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8695:
8693:George Holland
8690:
8685:
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8675:
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8665:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8652:Deans of Derry
8648:
8647:
8640:
8633:
8625:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8600:William Bennet
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8575:Robert Johnson
8572:
8570:James Stopford
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8540:St George Ashe
8537:
8532:
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8522:
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8149:
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8134:
8132:Constructivism
8129:
8123:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8082:Baruch Spinoza
8079:
8077:P. F. Strawson
8074:
8069:
8067:Susanna Siegel
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8042:W. V. O. Quine
8039:
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8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
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7974:
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7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
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7942:Nelson Goodman
7939:
7934:
7932:Edmund Gettier
7929:
7924:
7919:
7917:René Descartes
7914:
7909:
7907:Gilles Deleuze
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7882:William Alston
7879:
7874:
7872:Thomas Aquinas
7868:
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7726:
7720:
7718:
7717:Related topics
7714:
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7690:
7684:Being and Time
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7257:Metaphysicians
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7055:
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7013:
7011:Causal closure
7008:
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6885:Libertarianism
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5939:
5935:
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5932:
5931:
5929:Wollstonecraft
5926:
5921:
5916:
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5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
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5527:
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5505:
5499:
5489:
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5457:
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5428:
5419:
5410:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5379:
5363:
5344:
5332:
5331:
5286:external links
5281:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5265:External links
5263:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5219:
5217:978-0802093486
5203:
5201:978-0521450331
5179:
5173:
5158:
5149:
5143:
5118:
5116:978-0198249078
5098:
5097:
5096:
5071:Tipton, I. C.
5069:
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5067:
5018:
5008:
4998:
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4643:
4633:
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4609:Gaustad, Edwin
4606:
4599:
4592:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4570:
4555:
4540:
4521:Jessop T. E.,
4517:
4514:
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4509:
4506:
4505:
4479:
4459:
4443:
4417:
4410:
4392:
4380:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4349:
4337:Turbayne C. M.
4333:
4302:
4283:(3): 383â386.
4263:
4244:(3): 210â227.
4224:
4185:
4160:
4139:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4099:
4070:
4068:, p. 299.
4066:978-1480065505
4049:
4047:, p. 179.
4045:978-1480065505
4028:
4024:978-0742548398
4007:
3986:
3973:
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3894:
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3796:
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3749:
3740:
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3704:83. Helsinki:
3689:
3664:
3654:
3633:
3629:10.1086/353648
3604:
3595:
3586:
3577:
3549:(3): 571â625,
3524:
3517:
3503:Florian Cajori
3494:
3481:
3468:
3451:
3441:
3432:
3425:
3399:
3343:
3330:
3321:
3301:Nader El-Bizri
3285:Nader El-Bizri
3276:
3267:
3242:
3214:
3201:
3187:
3159:
3134:
3104:
3083:
3065:
3048:
3046:, 2001. p. 27.
3031:
3029:, 2008. p. 14.
3014:
3001:
2984:
2964:
2948:
2946:, p. 324.
2935:
2919:"John Smibert"
2910:
2897:
2872:
2851:
2826:
2812:
2789:
2764:
2739:
2732:
2712:
2701:
2688:
2653:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2610:
2546:
2539:
2518:
2511:
2488:
2470:
2459:on 3 July 2013
2428:
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2197:
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2173:
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2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
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2129:
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2111:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
1898:
1895:
1870:, pp. 2892â90)
1780:
1777:
1723:Samuel Johnson
1716:Edmund Husserl
1666:Arthur Collier
1655:
1652:
1593:abstract ideas
1579:
1576:
1541:utilitarianism
1533:laws of nature
1507:
1504:
1410:Florian Cajori
1373:
1370:
1313:Ockham's razor
1297:
1294:
1267:
1264:
1192:
1189:
1128:
1125:
1042:
1039:
971:Main article:
968:
965:
936:
933:
920:
917:
904:
901:
830:
823:
822:
821:
812:group portrait
809:
802:
801:
800:
799:
798:
796:
793:
782:Jonathan Swift
765:and, in 1724,
730:
727:
634:
633:
584:
582:
575:
569:
566:
564:
561:
537:, a Christian
383:
382:
379:
378:
370:
369:
365:
364:
361:
360:
341:
338:
335:
334:
309:
307:Main interests
306:
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
266:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
236:
235:
228:
224:
223:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
180:(aged 67)
174:
170:
169:
155:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
109:James Stopford
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9270:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9082:Stephen Lowry
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9067:Mervyn Wilson
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9037:William Jones
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8997:Henry Stewart
8995:
8993:
8992:Jeffry Lefroy
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8977:William Wynne
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8967:Raphael Walsh
8965:
8963:
8962:Joseph Bourke
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8946:John Hamilton
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8926:William Smyth
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8906:William Moore
8904:
8902:
8901:Robert Dawson
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8891:Thomas Wilson
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8875:
8871:
8864:
8859:
8857:
8852:
8850:
8845:
8844:
8841:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8803:Richard Hayes
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8738:Philip Smythe
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8728:Robert Downes
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8663:William Webbe
8661:
8660:
8657:
8653:
8646:
8641:
8639:
8634:
8632:
8627:
8626:
8623:
8611:
8610:John Brinkley
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8535:Tobias Pullen
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8505:
8498:
8493:
8491:
8486:
8484:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8321:Justification
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8197:Phenomenalism
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8187:NaĂŻve realism
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:Contextualism
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8103:
8102:Vienna Circle
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8037:Hilary Putnam
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8012:Robert Nozick
8010:
8008:
8007:John McDowell
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7967:Immanuel Kant
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7937:Alvin Goldman
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7850:
7845:
7843:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7815:
7805:
7803:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7759:Phenomenology
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7706:
7705:
7701:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7686:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7655:
7651:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7616:
7615:
7611:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7586:
7585:
7581:
7576:
7575:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7561:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7526:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:Notable works
7514:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6920:Phenomenalism
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Action theory
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6815:
6810:
6808:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6779:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6758:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6715:United States
6712:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6475:Budai-Deleanu
6473:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:Ashley-Cooper
5837:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5810:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:Progressivism
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5690:Individualism
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5328:
5325:
5317:
5307:
5303:
5302:inappropriate
5299:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5144:9780521374132
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5048:G. J. Warnock
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5031:. The Hague:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4997:3:1:16 (1945)
4996:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4805:0-87220-146-5
4801:
4797:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4784:0-8166-1065-7
4780:
4776:
4775:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4752:. The Hague:
4751:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4669:public domain
4665:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4626:Stoneham, Tom
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4372:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4178:
4177:0-8014-2706-1
4174:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4026:, p. 63.
4025:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3983:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3800:
3793:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:Sherry, David
3534:
3533:Katz, Mikhail
3528:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3478:
3475:Karl Popper,
3472:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3445:
3436:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3334:
3325:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3271:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3191:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3093:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3076:Oizerman T.I.
3072:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3011:
3008:Pope, in his
3005:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:Edward Chaney
2793:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:(13): 26â36.
2668:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2542:
2540:9781414283098
2536:
2532:
2531:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2439:(1993â1994).
2438:
2432:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:David Bostock
2368:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:Commemoration
1893:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:James Boswell
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1697:, especially
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1578:Immaterialism
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:infinitesimal
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Edmond Halley
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1241:la profondeur
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
964:
962:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
932:
930:
929:royal charter
926:
916:
914:
910:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
837:
833:
827:
817:
813:
806:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
767:Dean of Derry
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
726:
724:
720:
719:Samuel Clarke
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
700:
695:
694:
688:
686:
685:
679:
677:
673:
670:and attended
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Dysart Castle
630:
627:
619:
609:
605:
601:
595:
594:
590:
585:This section
583:
579:
574:
573:
560:
556:
554:
550:
549:
544:
543:free-thinkers
540:
536:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
470:
468:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
416:
389:
380:
376:
371:
366:
362:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
342:
339:Notable ideas
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
286:Conceptualism
283:
279:
274:
273:phenomenalism
270:
267:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
237:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
157:Dysart Castle
153:12 March 1685
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
125:1710 (priest)
123:1709 (deacon)
122:
118:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
60:
54:
49:
46:
42:
34:
29:
26:
22:
9052:Henry Hughes
9047:Arthur Forde
9042:John Appleby
9022:Henry Swanzy
8987:Daniel Bagot
8940:
8936:Henry Leslie
8911:George Synge
8886:William Todd
8808:Richard King
8788:Andrew Smyly
8768:Thomas Gough
8763:James Saurin
8753:Edward Emily
8748:William Pery
8733:Arthur Smyth
8723:George Stone
8717:
8708:Coote Ormsby
8703:Peter Morris
8668:Henry Sutton
8585:Charles Agar
8564:
8560:Edward Synge
8550:Charles Crow
8525:Edward Jones
8515:George Synge
8380:
8281:Common sense
8259:A posteriori
8258:
8250:
8212:Reductionism
8106:
8057:Gilbert Ryle
7927:Fred Dretske
7912:Keith DeRose
7896:
7856:Epistemology
7734:Epistemology
7702:
7692:
7682:
7672:
7662:
7652:
7642:
7632:
7622:
7612:
7602:
7592:
7582:
7572:
7562:
7552:
7544:NyÄya SĆ«tras
7542:
7532:
7522:
7504:
7420:Wittgenstein
7365:Schopenhauer
7344:
7244:
7235:Unobservable
7085:Intelligence
7015:
6955:Subjectivism
6950:Spiritualism
6865:Essentialism
6845:Anti-realism
6763:
6508:Catherine II
6255:
5960:Beaumarchais
5790:Universality
5761:Reductionism
5708:
5685:Human rights
5547:
5523:
5517:Broad, C. D.
5508:Broad, C. D.
5504:(1887â1971):
5469:
5452:
5356:
5320:
5311:
5296:by removing
5283:
5229:Google Books
5223:
5207:
5189:Google Books
5182:
5163:
5152:
5124:
5101:
5088:
5072:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5027:
5024:
5013:
5003:
4983:
4981:Luce, A. A.
4969:
4956:
4882:
4870:
4846:
4829:
4813:
4794:
4773:
4748:
4738:
4730:p. 349.
4725:
4714:
4677:
4649:
4639:
4629:
4619:
4612:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4573:
4558:
4552:Google Books
4543:
4528:
4522:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:
4482:
4454:
4446:
4434:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4401:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4353:
4346:Google Books
4335:
4316:
4313:Jessop T. E.
4312:
4305:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4205:(1): 85â92.
4202:
4198:
4188:
4168:
4163:
4147:
4142:
4125:
4103:
4084:
4073:
4057:
4052:
4036:
4031:
4015:
4010:
3989:
3976:
3967:
3942:
3911:
3901:
3897:
3884:. Retrieved
3870:
3857:. Retrieved
3839:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3799:
3786:
3778:
3743:
3733:
3726:Hooker, Brad
3721:
3705:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3676:
3667:
3657:
3647:
3612:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3546:
3540:
3527:
3507:
3497:
3492:, Part I, 3.
3489:
3484:
3476:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3435:
3416:
3402:
3367:
3363:
3338:
3333:
3324:
3304:
3292:
3279:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3254:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3224:
3217:
3209:
3204:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3169:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3125:. Retrieved
3120:
3095:. Retrieved
3086:
3056:
3051:
3039:
3034:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2987:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2864:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2820:
2815:
2800:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2776:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2752:maths.tcd.ie
2751:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2648:
2613:
2591:
2567:(1): 85â92.
2564:
2558:
2549:
2529:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2447:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2414:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:
2341:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2269:Of Infinites
2268:
2261:
2254:
2222:
2215:Printed for
2212:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2008:
2001:
1990:
1975:
1965:The Town of
1964:
1959:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1851:Ada or Ardor
1849:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1813:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1773:
1758:
1755:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1692:
1685:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1567:
1563:
1557:
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1419:Isaac Newton
1401:
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1389:
1386:
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1375:
1358:Pierre Duhem
1347:
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1334:essentialist
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1322:metaphysical
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986:
982:
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889:John Smibert
884:
881:Palladianism
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850:John Forster
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816:John Smibert
786:
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616:January 2018
613:
598:Please help
586:
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541:against the
532:
520:
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503:Isaac Newton
500:
485:
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473:
471:
428:
387:
386:
347:
320:epistemology
312:Christianity
296:Institutions
220:
203:Anne Forster
190:Denomination
178:(1753-01-14)
130:Consecration
99:Edward Synge
59:John Smybert
25:
9188:Empiricists
9118:1753 deaths
9113:1685 births
9032:Wilfred Orr
8982:Holt Waring
8972:James Mahon
8956:Walter Cope
8931:John Leslie
8881:Isaac Plume
8818:George Good
8773:Usher Tighe
8713:John Bolton
8698:John Lesley
8555:Henry Maule
8545:John Pooley
8361:Proposition
8331:Objectivity
8217:Reliabilism
8207:Rationalism
8152:Fallibilism
8127:Coherentism
8072:Ernest Sosa
8047:Thomas Reid
8032:James Pryor
8002:G. E. Moore
7992:David Lewis
7982:Saul Kripke
7977:Peter Klein
7957:Susan Haack
7887:Robert Audi
7564:Metaphysics
7548:(c. 200 BC)
7538:(c. 350 BC)
7528:(c. 350 BC)
7415:Collingwood
7320:Malebranche
7068:Information
6996:Anima mundi
6975:Type theory
6930:Physicalism
6895:Materialism
6850:Determinism
6821:Metaphysics
6765:Romanticism
6587:Charles III
6428:Poniatowski
6365:Leeuwenhoek
6345:de la Court
6333:Netherlands
6177:Mendelssohn
6172:Lichtenberg
6050:Montesquieu
5768:Sapere aude
5751:Rationalism
5746:Rationality
5736:Objectivity
5548:The Analyst
5455:controversy
5453:The Analyst
4961:description
4657:Attribution
4498:26 December
3714:Matti HĂ€yry
3698:Utilitarian
3180:11 December
3152:11 December
3127:11 December
2782:14 December
2757:14 December
2290:The Analyst
2207:Collections
2036:Arithmetica
1831:James Joyce
1703:Thomas Reid
1658:Berkeley's
1624:omnipresent
1486:Weierstrass
1474:The Analyst
1447:Ian Stewart
1423:The Analyst
1397:The Analyst
1378:mathematics
1305:Karl Popper
1278:Arithmetica
1224:perspective
1205:Malebranche
1161:rationalism
1092:materialist
1082:Berkeley's
943:(1744) and
747:Holy orders
715:materialism
548:The Analyst
467:abstraction
444:Anglo-Irish
442:) â was an
328:mathematics
316:metaphysics
95:Predecessor
9102:Categories
9087:Brian Kerr
9057:Hugh Mayes
8783:John Gwynn
8462:Discussion
8452:Task Force
8371:Simplicity
8351:Perception
8227:Skepticism
8202:Positivism
8177:Infinitism
8142:Empiricism
7997:John Locke
7962:David Hume
7952:Anil Gupta
7947:Paul Grice
7922:John Dewey
7892:A. J. Ayer
7624:Monadology
7558:(c. 80 BC)
7265:Parmenides
7150:Perception
7048:Experience
6935:Relativism
6910:Naturalism
6860:Enactivism
6607:Villarroel
6602:Jovellanos
6538:Radishchev
6485:Micu-Klein
6423:Niemcewicz
6390:Swammerdam
6380:Nieuwentyt
6370:Mandeville
6225:Farmakidis
6111:Burlamaqui
6020:La Mettrie
5995:Fontenelle
5950:d'Argenson
5945:d'Alembert
5869:Harrington
5795:Utopianism
5695:Liberalism
5652:Empiricism
5627:Classicism
5617:Capitalism
5530:Rick Grush
5314:March 2022
5191:). Ed. by
5106:. Oxford:
4991:Russell B.
4973:. London:
4838:0714644749
4696:See also:
4684:Wikisource
4524:Luce A. A.
4318:Luce A. A.
4238:Dialectica
4181:p. 98
4093:. p.
3916:Rick Grush
3886:1 December
3859:1 December
3677:ditext.com
3542:Erkenntnis
3488:K. Popper
3370:: 75â122.
3311:journal),
3260:9 December
3235:9 December
2809:0714644749
2478:"Berkeley"
2463:8 November
2421:9 December
2333:References
2200:Miscellany
1905:, and the
1784:Lord Byron
1699:David Hume
1688:empiricism
1620:omniscient
1612:empiricism
1516:The tract
1510:See also:
1362:Ernst Mach
1317:empiricist
1270:See also:
1203:, Wallis,
1165:empiricism
1138:John Locke
1131:See also:
1121:volte-face
1113:David Hume
1072:Principles
1055:sense data
1027:Principles
1023:Principles
1002:Principles
994:Principles
935:Last works
866:Middletown
862:plantation
707:Principles
664:Gloucester
644:Thomastown
539:apologetic
525:Ernst Mach
496:John Locke
332:perception
278:Empiricism
161:Thomastown
149:1685-03-12
120:Ordination
9213:Idealists
8896:John Wall
8823:Cecil Orr
8758:John Hume
8326:Knowledge
8311:Induction
8261:knowledge
8253:knowledge
7784:Teleology
7749:Mereology
7729:Cosmology
7588:(c. 1000)
7485:Plantinga
7475:Armstrong
7425:Heidegger
7400:Whitehead
7385:Nietzsche
7305:Descartes
7275:Aristotle
7230:Universal
7160:Principle
7130:Necessity
7090:Intention
7043:Existence
7006:Causality
6945:Solipsism
6875:Free will
6728:Jefferson
6670:Hutcheson
6559:ObradoviÄ
6528:Lomonosov
6523:Kheraskov
6433:Ćniadecki
6197:Weishaupt
6192:Thomasius
6182:Pufendorf
6025:Lavoisier
6010:d'Holbach
6005:Helvétius
5985:Descartes
5980:Condorcet
5975:Condillac
5909:Priestley
5726:Modernity
5647:Democracy
5539:syllabus
5298:excessive
5131:Cambridge
4975:Macmillan
4875:Routledge
3926:Syllabus
3853:Edinburgh
3573:119329569
3556:1205.0174
3061:Routledge
3044:Routledge
2928:15 August
2683:123072861
2586:Repr. in
2480:entry in
2357:19 August
2310:Solipsism
2225:. Ed. by
2017:in 1970.
1901:Both the
1854:, author
1654:Influence
1605:Descartes
1566:(1738)."
1559:Alciphron
1209:Descartes
1117:A.A. Luce
1101:Newtonian
1031:Dialogues
953:tar-water
870:Whitehall
832:Whitehall
711:Dialogues
587:does not
563:Biography
534:Alciphron
521:On Motion
459:perceived
368:Signature
227:Education
216:Education
185:, England
167:, Ireland
105:Successor
90:1734â1753
87:In office
8447:Category
8266:Analysis
8251:A priori
8242:Concepts
8182:Innatism
8119:Theories
7802:Category
7724:Axiology
7578:(c.â270)
7506:more ...
7460:Anscombe
7455:Strawson
7450:Davidson
7345:Berkeley
7285:Plotinus
7246:more ...
7185:Relation
7165:Property
7140:Ontology
7063:Identity
6984:Concepts
6915:Nihilism
6880:Idealism
6828:Theories
6778:Category
6723:Franklin
6690:Playfair
6660:Ferguson
6617:Scotland
6564:MrazoviÄ
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6513:Fonvizin
6452:Portugal
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6413:Konarski
6408:KoĆĆÄ
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6294:Beccaria
6256:Berkeley
6187:Schiller
6152:Humboldt
6126:Saussure
6121:Rousseau
6085:Voltaire
6040:Maréchal
6015:Jaucourt
5970:ChĂątelet
5965:Chamfort
5914:Reynolds
5817:Thinkers
5721:Midlands
5710:LumiĂšres
5680:Humanism
5673:Haskalah
5533:Archived
5435:LibriVox
5404:Archived
5369:Archived
5245:Archived
5110:, 1989.
4949:Archived
4922:Archived
4906:Archived
4869:(2001).
4737:(1962).
4676:(1910).
4640:Berkeley
4563:Archived
4359:Archived
4258:42964117
4112:Archived
3956:Archived
3932:Archived
3920:Archived
3728:(2008).
3505:(2010).
3394:33744237
2322:Yogacara
2299:See also
2292:, 60â92.
2285:, 37â54.
2278:, 19â21.
2271:, 16â19.
2025:Writings
1839:(1922):
1789:Don Juan
1710:, notes
1681:idealism
1449:'s book
1427:calculus
1406:calculus
1330:a priori
1201:Molyneux
1041:Theology
949:Pine tar
947:(1752).
755:divinity
656:Berkeley
553:calculus
437:Anglican
324:language
208:Children
194:Anglican
8382:more...
8162:Fideism
8108:more...
7574:Enneads
7568:(c. 50)
7534:Timaeus
7524:Sophist
7470:Dummett
7465:Deleuze
7405:Russell
7395:Bergson
7390:Meinong
7370:Bolzano
7330:Leibniz
7310:Spinoza
7295:Aquinas
7280:Proclus
7210:Thought
7200:Subject
7180:Reality
7175:Quality
7145:Pattern
7105:Meaning
7080:Insight
7038:Essence
7023:Concept
6925:Realism
6890:Liberty
6855:Dualism
6733:Madison
6705:Stewart
6645:Burnett
6640:Boswell
6625:Beattie
6597:MoratĂn
6582:Cadalso
6533:Novikov
6468:Romania
6443:Wybicki
6438:Staszic
6385:Spinoza
6355:Huygens
6350:Grotius
6304:Galvani
6299:Galiani
6249:Ireland
6230:Feraios
6202:Wieland
6167:Lessing
6162:Leibniz
6135:Germany
6116:Prévost
6101:Abauzit
6065:Quesnay
6055:Morelly
6045:Meslier
6030:Leclerc
5990:Diderot
5879:Johnson
5854:Collins
5849:Bentham
5834:Addison
5827:England
5775:Science
5612:Atheism
5494:at the
5424:at the
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5340:at the
5292:Please
5284:use of
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4476:. 2023.
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4219:2104957
3999:Husserl
3876:Reid T.
3845:Reid T.
3460:De Motu
3415:(ed.).
3385:8446104
3289:Alhazen
3097:24 June
2844:28 June
2624:2105263
2581:2104957
2283:De Motu
2172:(1744).
2095:De Motu
1997:slavery
1980:and an
1967:Berkley
1836:Ulysses
1439:Leibniz
1431:fluxion
1309:De Motu
1229:Alhazen
1195:In his
1181:spirits
1177:notions
1173:spirits
911:in the
893:Walpole
789:Bermuda
749:in the
735:Addison
642:, near
608:removed
593:sources
568:Ireland
516:De Motu
461:by the
435:of the
159:, near
77:Diocese
8276:Belief
8172:Holism
7708:(1981)
7698:(1943)
7688:(1927)
7678:(1846)
7668:(1818)
7658:(1807)
7648:(1783)
7638:(1781)
7628:(1714)
7618:(1710)
7608:(1677)
7604:Ethics
7598:(1641)
7500:Parfit
7490:Kripke
7480:Putnam
7440:Sartre
7430:Carnap
7380:Peirce
7325:Newton
7300:SuĂĄrez
7290:Scotus
7170:Qualia
7135:Object
7125:Nature
7120:Motion
7100:Matter
7033:Entity
6905:Monism
6685:Newton
6675:Hutton
6655:Cullen
6552:Serbia
6500:Russia
6490:Èincai
6400:Poland
6340:Bekker
6314:Pagano
6276:Toland
6240:Korais
6235:Kairis
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6147:Herder
6142:Goethe
6106:Bonnet
6094:Geneva
6080:Turgot
6070:Raynal
6060:Pascal
6000:Gouges
5938:France
5924:Tindal
5919:Sidney
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5864:Godwin
5859:Gibbon
5756:Reason
5598:Topics
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2281:1721.
2274:1709.
2267:1707.
2248:Vol. 4
2243:Vol. 3
2238:Vol. 2
2233:Vol. 1
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2196:(1752)
2190:(1750)
2184:(1749)
2178:(1745)
2166:(1736)
2154:(1735)
2148:(1735)
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1683:...".
1545:ground
1490:(Δ, Ύ)
1482:Cauchy
759:Hebrew
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511:motion
264:School
253:Region
200:Spouse
183:Oxford
115:Orders
81:Cloyne
67:Church
61:, 1727
8457:Stubs
8376:Truth
8022:Plato
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7495:Lewis
7445:Quine
7410:Moore
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7360:Hegel
7335:Wolff
7315:Locke
7270:Plato
7240:Value
7220:Truth
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6635:Blair
6630:Black
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6480:Maior
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6319:Verri
6286:Italy
6271:Swift
6266:Burke
6261:Boyle
6207:Wolff
6035:Mably
5955:Bayle
5904:Price
5884:Locke
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5844:Bacon
5642:Deism
5351:. In
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3229:(PDF)
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7340:Reid
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7190:Self
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7073:Data
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6680:Mill
6665:Hume
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6075:Sade
5899:Pope
5233:ISBN
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