830:, Thorp waiting to take the Lieutenantʼs examination and Gage having just passed it and awaiting promotion. Both were only 18 years old and would not have been eligible to sit the Lieutenantʼs examination in the ordinary course until having turned 20 years of age, but in one case at least (Thorp) the date of birth is known to have been falsified to establish premature eligibility. Gage was known to Thorpʼs family, as in a letter to his sister Jane dated 18 April 1796 Thorp wrote: “Hall is likewise in Victory & has passed & I hope will soon be promoted. He is very well & desires me to remember him to you and all at Goswick.” Both men then served as lieutenants in ships of the Mediterranean Squadron under Sir John Jervis, sharing another coincidence in two unrelated events off Santa Cruz in Teneriffe with Thorp successfully cutting-out the Philippine frigate
511:
eminence of very difficult ascent, 700 feet above the level of the sea. This rocky elevation, owing to its perpendicularity near its summit, was deemed inaccessible; but the seamen, by means of blocks and ropes, contrived to haul up the guns, each of which weighed about 42 hundred weight. The path along which these dauntless fellows crept would, in most places, admit but one person at a time. On the right was a descent of many hundred feet; and one false step would have led to eternity: on the left, were stupendous overhanging rocks, which occasionally served as fixed points for the tackle employed in raising the guns. From these 18-pounders, so admirably posted, a cannonade was unremittingly kept up during the whole of the 16th and 17th.
405:. It was feared that war might be declared with Spain and Thorp's captain, Rupert George, was foremost among captains of other ships in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain authority to press local men into service to make up the difference between ships' peacetime and wartime complements, suggesting that
510:
The next post to be attacked was the
Convention redoubt, mounted with 21 pieces of heavy ordnance, and considered as the key of San-Fiorenzo. By the most surprising exertions of science and labour, on the part of the officers and men of the navy, several 18-pounders and other pieces were placed on an
498:
The sailors had all the hard work to do in getting the guns up the most incredible precipices but the worst was to come we (the sailors) had to get the guns back again & to convey them by water over the other bay & after that to get the guns up a place which we could scarcely walk up... We
493:
with red-hot shot and causing the ships to withdraw temporarily. As the tower's two 18-pounder guns could only fire in a seaward direction a scheme was hatched to attack it from the landward side, involving almost inhuman effort in landing and hauling ship's guns and ammunition up the steep terrain
825:
mirrored that of Thorp almost identically. Gage was born three weeks after Thorp in 1777 and joined the Royal Navy in 1789, three months before Thorp. Thereafter their careers followed similar courses until April 1796 when they were together as midshipmen on board
Admiral Sir John JervisĘĽ flagship
741:
became part of the squadron under Rear-Admiral Nelson that sought to invade
Tenerife and capture Santa Cruz, which was being used as a port of refuge by richly laden ships from the West Indies and beyond bound for Spain. On the night of 24 July, following unsuccessful attempts to land troops some
462:
s night-time arrival in Toulon on 11 January 1794 with a contingent of army onboard numbering half as many again as the ship's company, to provide urgently needed assistance for the occupying force under the command of Lord Hood, only to discover after anchoring that the
English fleet had vacated
227:. In the year following his marriage, Sir Samuel (as he was known) was appointed a junior lord of the admiralty, though dying shortly afterwards. The marriage likely gave Lady Drake the ear of many senior naval officers in addition to those of other distinguished persons known to her father,
771:
fired from a cannon that had been relocated from one of the town's forts for that purpose earlier in the day. Thorp was one of those killed at the side of his captain, Richard Bowen. After the cessation of the action, their bodies were recovered and buried at sea off
Tenerife on 27 July.
401:, for which the frigate sailed in March 1790, returning to England in July of the following year. Correspondence from Thorp to his family during this time seems to have been lost or perhaps there was none, so little is known of his activities, but the ship was at Nova Scotia during the
607:
Thorp's seniority as lieutenant was 1 May 1796, at which time he would have been 18 years and 7 months old, having enlisted the aid of his sister Jane to obtain documents asserting that he was over 20 years old, the minimum age for candidates sitting the lieutenants' examination.
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s boat sustained a direct hit from the battery and capsized in the heavy swell, several crew members drowning, but some of the party got ashore, took the mole battery, spiked its six 24-pounder guns and were progressing towards the town when they were mown down by
887:
may find a remarkable coincidence between some of the descriptions in Thorp's letters and events or characters in O'Brian's novels, inviting speculation whether O'Brian may have read the letters and been inspired by their content. Thorp's letters describing the
231:, Member of Parliament and an ex-army officer and her grandfather, Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow. Surviving correspondence between George and his family makes clear the patronage he received from Lady Drake throughout his short career.
757:
Going to storm Sta. Cruz (Teneriffe). As I think there is a chance of my never returning I leave this directed to you expressing my gratitude and affection and the very high sense I have of your care and concern for me, and also to Lady
494:
to a point behind and overlooking the tower, from which a successful bombardment was mounted. Thorp was ashore and one of the party involved throughout the successful attack and wrote a detailed account of the action to his parents.
780:
Thorp seems never to have returned home to
Northumberland nor to have seen his parents again after bidding his father farewell in Portsmouth in February 1790, aged 12, spending all his time abroad save for his time in the
878:
in 1968 in the form of two letterbooks. Regrettably, no record of persons inspecting these letterbooks seems to have been kept by the
National Maritime Museum but anyone studying them in detail who is familiar with the
1418:
364:
For his arrival at
Portsmouth, Lady Drake provided George with several letters of introduction. Dr Thorp, who accompanied his young son, wrote to his wife in Gateshead "George has got a letter from
854:
was killed together with his captain, Richard Bowen, on 25 July 1797. The next day, in a remarkable twist of fate, Gage, who had been promoted to commander in June, was appointed captain of
709:
were under the command of Thorp. In correspondence to his family, Thorp says that
Captain Bowen (who was in command of the expedition) told him that he had drawn lots with the captain of
815:, Captain Collingwood wrote: "Captain Bowen was killed, and his First Lieutenant, Thorpe, for whom I was very sorry: he was a fine young man, and promised to be an excellent officer."
650:, though (presumably unbeknownst to his shipmates) little more than 19 years old and still under the minimum age for lieutenant. It was in that capacity that he served during the
705:
in the Bay of Santa Cruz. On the night of 17/18 April a joint cutting out expedition was mounted by the two
British frigates, each sending three boats of which those from the
1413:
789:, waiting on the Royal Family, followed by a short period in the English Channel. He is mentioned with affection and respect in correspondence from several senior officers:
446:
was based at Weymouth in attendance on the King and frequently embarked members of the Royal Family. Early in 1793 she joined the Mediterranean Fleet under Lord Hood. The
725:, sailing and towing her to sea while under fire from shore batteries for two hours, without loss of life but with the loss of 10 lives of the Philippine frigate's crew.
717:
had drawn the short straw. Despite adverse weather, which caused the boats to be rowed for more than three hours longer than anticipated before reaching their quarries,
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role was to land a party on the town's mole and neutralise the battery overlooking the waters to the mole's north-east in which direction the main force would head.
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908:
are particularly noteworthy. Dean King’s biography “Patrick O’Brian: A Life Revealed” provides support for this hypothesis through many mentions of assistance from
277:
368:
to his Captain which cannot fail to procure him a good reception... Lady Drake has also got him letters to Capt. Onslow & Adm. Roddam..." (Vice-Admiral
1403:
913:
811:
In a letter dated 31 August 1797 to J E Blackett Esq, his father-in-law and a former Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, also written aboard the
796:(later Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood), close friend of Nelson and at that time captain of the ship-of-the-line
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Thorp must have known the danger likely to be faced through his prior acquaintance of the mole when cutting out the Philippine frigate
573:) – a very unpopular operation because of its lack of opportunity for prizes and its unhealthy climate, with frequent outbreaks of the
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17:
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and his first Lieut poor Thorp were both killed while they were spiking the guns in a battery which they had got possession of."
173:
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A Selection from the Public and Private Correspondence of Vice-Admiral Lord Collingwood interspersed with Memoirs of his Life
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subsequent 10-hour engagement from early afternoon until dark resulted in 9 killed and several seriously injured on the
642:(36 guns), though he was in command of a prize being sailed to Gibraltar at the time of the latter action. On rejoining
1294:
893:
442:, a cousin once removed of Lord Hood and later to become Vice-Admiral Sir Samuel Hood, 1st Baronet. Throughout 1792,
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from the National Maritime Museum, and by the Museum forwarding copies of documents and plans at O’Brian’s request.
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211:
In 1788, Pooley Onslow, a first cousin of George's and daughter of his father's sister Jane, married Rear Admiral
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North Atlantic Press Gangs: Impressment and Naval - Civilian Relations in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, 1749-1815
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372:, Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth). "Roddam will have to introduce him to the several officers of the ship."
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as to whose boats should attempt to take the closer of the two frigates to the shore and batteries and that
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three months earlier and wrote a letter addressed to "My ever dear Parents, Brothers & Sister" saying:
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1307:
The senior wranglers of the University of Cambridge, from 1748 to 1907. With biographical, & c., notes
534:(38 guns) in March 1794 he took with him a contingent of officers and men that included Midshipman Thorp.
1305:
1208:
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distance from the town, Nelson led a full-frontal assault on Santa Cruz under cover of darkness in which
528:
313:
44:
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Thorp joined the Royal Navy in Portsmouth in February 1790, aged 12, and served in the following ships:
1166:
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Thorp wrote numerous letters to his parents and siblings throughout his career, except for his time on
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may have been maintained in a state of preparedness for action that provided good training for Thorp.
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from 1781 to 1795, Archdeacon of Northumberland from 1792 to 1806, a distinguished mathematician (
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A dramatic account of what Thorp described as "the worst was to come" is given in William James'
108:
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897:
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Letterbooks - Lt George Thorp (Manuscript) (LBK/55), compiled by Brigadier R.W.T. Britten, MC
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697:(28 guns) to reconnoitre off Tenerife, where they found the Cadiz-bound Philippine frigates
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spent six months from May to October 1795 blockading French warships in the Turkish port of
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489:. The tower held out at first because of its robust design, inflicting heavy damage on the
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201:
189:
8:
1273:
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158:. His short, but distinguished, career culminated in service as first lieutenant of the
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1247:
Naval History of Great Britain: Including the History and Lives of the British Admirals
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Impressment and Naval - Civilian Relations in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, 1749-1815
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solo encounter on 1 March 1797 with the partially disabled Spanish ship-of-the-line
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130:
630:, as third lieutenant. He served in her during the capture of the Spanish frigate
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On 8 May 1796, almost immediately after his promotion, Thorp joined the frigate
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660:(136 guns), largest warship afloat at that time, which was retreating from the
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636:(34 guns) and the capture, then loss in heavy weather, of the French frigate
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later took part in some notable events during the time Thorp served in her.
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s return to England in July 1791, Thorp transferred to the ship-of-the-line
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in Nova Scotia during his first year of service and his subsequent time on
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and his death, aged 19, at the side of his commanding officer, Captain
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British military personnel killed in the French Revolutionary Wars
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George Thorp (1790–1797) - A Naval Lieutenant killed at Santa Cruz
1213:. Henry Holt & Company Inc. pp. 194, 204, 232, 237, 241.
1194:
George Thorp (1790–1797) - A Naval Lieutenant killed at Santa Cruz
1181:. Vol. 52.7.1. London: Longman and company. pp. 836–840.
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1152:
Public and Private Correspondence of Vice-Admiral Lord Collingwood
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boats' crews successfully boarded and captured their frigate, the
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in April 1796, where he was to sit the lieutenants' examination.
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escaping under point-blank fire from ships and shore batteries
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In a letter to his family, Thorp gives a vivid account of the
150:(9 September 1777 – 25 July 1797) was an officer of the
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196:
at Cambridge in 1758) and Latin scholar. His younger brother
184:
George Thorp was born on 9 September 1777, the fourth son of
1267:. Vol. 2. Burlington Street, London: Richard Bentley.
1258:. Vol. 1. Burlington Street, London: Richard Bentley.
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On 16 November 1791, Thorp reported on board the frigate
792:
In a letter dated 16 August 1797 to his sister, Captain
471:
Attack on the tower and redoubt at Mortella Bay, Corsica
679:
1414:
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
383:
Most of Thorp's period on his first ship, the 28-gun
1378:
Private letter in the possession of the Thorp family
912:, O'Brian's publishing agent and a recipient of the
935:
The senior wranglers of the University of Cambridge
804:squadron blockading Cadiz, wrote: "Capt. Bowen of
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485:(74 guns), carried out an attack on the tower at
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846:in successfully cutting-out the French corvette
219:and last in the line of baronets descended from
463:Toulon, which was now under French occupation,
1310:. Bury St. Edmunds: Groom and Son. p. 16
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1322:
1159:
234:
1329:. 169, Piccadilly: James Ridgway. p.
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1122:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 2
1092:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 2
1047:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 1
1017:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 1
1002:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 1
602:
505:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. 1
319:February / March 1794 - March / April 1796
1389:. Blackwood's Magazine. pp. 182–190.
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861:
850:on May 28. Thorp as First Lieutenant of
438:(32 guns), under the command of Captain
301:16 November 1791 - February / March 1794
179:
1375:
1148:
1136:Private letter from Captain Collingwood
687:In April 1797 Sir John Jervis sent the
626:(32 guns) under the command of Captain
523:When Captain Hood transferred from the
479:, in company with the ship-of-the-line
223:, nephew of the Elizabethan naval hero
14:
1404:Military personnel from Northumberland
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1249:. Vol. 7. London: Baldwyn and Co.
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785:and the first year of his time in the
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838:and Gage leading the boats from HMS
217:Sir Francis Henry Drake, 5th Baronet
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1265:The Naval History of Great Britain
1256:The Naval History of Great Britain
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1089:
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1304:Neale, Charles Montague (1907).
1210:Patrick O'Brian: A Life Revealed
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499:were 3 days getting the guns up.
127:Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
1376:Collingwood, Captain Cuthbert.
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1083:
900:, the blockade of Corsica, the
672:but no serious injuries on the
542:Between April and August 1795,
283:18 July 1791 – 15 November 1791
174:assault on Santa Cruz, Tenerife
1385:Thorp, T.A. (September 1943).
1077:Naval history of Great Britain
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1062:Naval history of Great Britain
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1032:Naval history of Great Britain
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874:. These were deposited in the
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268:23 January 1790 – 17 July 1791
221:Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet
13:
1:
1323:Collingwood, Newnham (1828).
1289:. Random House. p. 792.
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842:in company with those of HMS
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646:, Thorp was appointed as the
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1207:King, Dean (1 March 2000).
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834:overnight 17/18 April from
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154:who saw service during the
10:
1445:
1357:. Royal Museums Greenwich.
1275:To the Gold Coast for Gold
1172:"Gage, William Hall"
1107:To the Gold Coast for Gold
537:
1272:Burton, Richard Francis.
1245:Campbell, Joseph (1818).
972:George Thorp letter-books
762:In the subsequent action
729:crews were unsuccessful.
662:Battle of Cape St Vincent
588:Thorp was transferred to
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352:8 May 1796 – 24 July 1797
337:Captain Gray and Captain
288:George Cranfield Berkeley
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156:French Revolutionary Wars
122:French Revolutionary Wars
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1343:: CS1 maint: location (
1286:Nelson: A Dream of Glory
876:National Maritime Museum
235:Enlistment at Portsmouth
79:Kingdom of Great Britain
1263:James, William (1837).
1254:James, William (1837).
603:Promotion to lieutenant
487:Mortella Point, Corsica
334:April 1796 - 7 May 1796
1362:Mercer, Keith (2008).
898:siege of Saint-Florent
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271:Captain Rupert George
245:Ships in which served
61:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
58:25 July 1797 (aged 19)
1283:Sugden, John (2011).
1178:Royal Naval Biography
881:Aubrey–Maturin series
862:Letters to his family
823:Sir William Hall Gage
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703:El Principe d'Asturia
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180:Family and early life
97:Years of service
892:, the attack on the
820:Admiral of the Fleet
818:The early career of
794:Cuthbert Collingwood
475:On 7 February 1794,
322:Captain Samuel Hood
202:Archdeacon of Durham
1409:Royal Navy officers
680:Cutting Out of the
548:blockade of Corsica
390:sixth-rate frigate
256:Commanding officer
890:escape from Toulon
691:together with the
670:Santisima Trinidad
657:Santisima Trinidad
454:Escape from Toulon
188:MA, DD, Rector of
906:Principe Fernando
832:Principe Fernando
751:Principe Fernando
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699:Principe Fernando
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546:took part in the
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1312:. Retrieved
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1224:. Retrieved
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148:George Thorp
147:
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132:
115:Battles/wars
33:George Thorp
26:
1429:1797 deaths
1424:1777 births
914:Caird Medal
872:Magnificent
856:Terpsichore
852:Terpsichore
836:Terpsichore
806:Terpsichore
800:as part of
783:Magnificent
739:Terpsichore
715:Terpsichore
707:Terpsichore
689:Terpsichore
674:Terpsichore
644:Terpsichore
623:Terpsichore
614:Terpsichore
592:' flagship
440:Samuel Hood
418:Magnificent
399:Nova Scotia
347:Terpsichore
306:Samuel Hood
278:Magnificent
165:Terpsichore
45:Chillingham
1398:Categories
1239:References
1226:28 October
1220:0805059768
1075:Campbell.
1060:Campbell.
1030:Campbell.
776:Retrospect
386:Enterprise
152:Royal Navy
109:Lieutenant
91:Royal Navy
75:Allegiance
1339:cite book
920:Citations
813:Excellent
798:Excellent
769:grapeshot
621:HMS
594:HMS
529:HMS
491:Fortitude
482:Fortitude
433:HMS
392:HMS
366:Lord Hood
172:, in the
163:HMS
100:1790–1797
1105:Burton.
985:Mercer.
896:and the
758:Drake...
633:Mahonesa
550:and the
355:Captain
304:Captain
286:Captain
85:Service/
65:Tenerife
1314:4 March
1192:Thorp.
1120:James.
1090:James.
1045:James.
1015:James.
1000:James.
840:Minerve
828:Victory
639:Vestale
596:Victory
583:Victory
538:Corsica
414:Thisbe'
329:Victory
160:frigate
133:†
1293:
1217:
933:Neal.
868:Thisbe
848:Mutine
844:Lively
727:Dido's
575:plague
567:Smyrna
558:Smyrna
407:Thisbe
394:Thisbe
388:-class
378:Thisbe
263:Thisbe
129:
87:branch
1369:(PDF)
571:Izmir
569:(now
563:Aigle
544:Aigle
531:Aigle
518:Aigle
460:Juno'
314:Aigle
190:Ryton
1345:link
1316:2011
1291:ISBN
1228:2023
1215:ISBN
826:HMS
787:Juno
711:Dido
701:and
694:Dido
612:HMS
581:HMS
525:Juno
516:HMS
477:Juno
448:Juno
444:Juno
435:Juno
426:Juno
424:HMS
376:HMS
296:Juno
250:Ship
105:Rank
55:Died
39:Born
412:On
1400::
1341:}}
1337:{{
1331:53
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943:^
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20:)
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