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Looking at the war in Europe, he said, "Many instances of cruelty and inhumanity can be found on both sides." Norris believed the government wanted to enter this war only because the wealthy had already aided the
British financially in the war. He told Congress the only people who would benefit from
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Norris believed in the wisdom of the common people and in the progress of civilization. "To get good government and to retain it, it is necessary that a liberty-loving, educated, intelligent people should be ever watchful, to carefully guard and protect their rights and liberties," Norris said in a
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1934 speech, "The Model
Legislature". The people were capable of being the government, he said, affirming his populist/progressive credentials. To alert the people, he called for transparency in government. "Publicity," he proclaimed, "is the greatest cure for evils which may exist in government".
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Using his power of veto, he destroyed the Muscle Shoals bill – a measure designated to utilize the great government property at Muscle Shoals for the cheapening of fertilizer for
American agriculture and utilization of the surplus power for the benefit of people without transmission
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On 11 July 1961, a four-cent stamp was issued in his honor. It depicts, in shades of green, a TVA dam in the upper left, with his portrait in later life, to the right. "Gentle knight of progressive ideals" a quote on his character from FDR, is inscribed at the bottom left, while George W. Norris
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called him "the very perfect, gentle knight of
American progressive ideals", and this has been the theme of all his biographers. A 1957 advisory panel of 160 scholars recommended that Norris was the top choice for the five best Senators in U.S. history.
669:. Prohibition was ended in 1933. He told voters prohibition means "this greatest evil of all mankind is driven from the homes of the American people," even if it means "we are giving up some of our personal rights and personal privileges."
831:, included for opposing Speaker Cannon's autocratic power in the House, for speaking out against arming U.S. merchant ships during the United States' neutral period in World War I, and for supporting the presidential campaign of Democrat
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Norris opposed anti-lynching legislation, claiming it was unconstitutional and would lead to another civil war. He voted in 1935 along primarily with
Democrats to adjourn the United States Senate as the chamber was deadlocked over the
740:, which brought electrical service to underserved and unserved rural areas across the United States. Given Norris's belief in "public power", no privately owned electric utilities have operated in Nebraska since the late 1940s.
622:, insisting it was a project the federal government should handle. Norris twice succeeded in getting Congress to pass legislation for a federal electric power system based at Muscle Shoals, but it was vetoed by presidents
548:, fearing that bankers were manipulating the country into war. In the face of enormous pressure from the media and the administration, Norris was one of only six senators to vote against the declaration of war on
782:. Siding against Japanese violence in China and Korea, he called the Japanese "disgraceful, ignoble, barbarous, and cruel, even beyond the power of language to describe". He served as vice-president of the
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446:. In 1889 he married Pluma Lashley; the couple had three daughters (Gertrude, Hazel, and Marian) before her 1901 death. The widower Norris married Ellie Leonard in 1903; they had no children.
486:'s plans to regulate rates for the benefit of shippers, such as the merchants who lived in his district. A prominent insurgent after 1908, Norris led the revolt in 1910 against House Speaker
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distance of the development. The power people want no yardstick which would expose their extortionate rates so Hoover killed the bill after it had been passed by both houses of congress.
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In 1936 Norris left the
Republican Party, as the Democratic majority had reduced his seniority power. The Democrats offered him chairmanships. That year he was re-elected to the
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572:... War brings prosperity to the stock gambler on Wall Street – to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed."
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and electricity generation for a wide rural area. In addition, Norris was known for his intense crusades against what he characterized as "wrong and evil", his
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Although a nominal
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for the 1912 presidential nomination but then switched to
Roosevelt. However, he refused to leave the Republican convention and join Roosevelt's
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Norris
Electric, an energy co-op with headquarters in Newton, IL, is named after Norris and his progressive efforts to electrify the nation.
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In
January 1911, Norris helped create the National Progressive Republican League and served as its vice president. He originally supported
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in southeastern Nebraska merged into one in 1941, the new utility was named the Norris Public Power District in Senator Norris's honor.
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to pack the Supreme Court, and railed against corrupt patronage. In late 1937, when Norris saw the famous photograph "
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by new constitutions and discriminatory practices at the turn of the century, it was a one-party region, known as the
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for president in 1928 and 1932, respectively. Republican regulars called him one of the "sons of the wild jackass".
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864:; and George W. Norris Elementary School in Millard Public Schools, memorialize the late Senator. When several
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committees. Norris was a leader of the Farm Bloc, advocated the rights of labor, sponsored the ("Lame Duck")
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797:. He departed from office saying, "I have done my best to repudiate wrong and evil in government affairs."
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TO ADJOURN. THE PENDING BUSINESS IS S. 24, A BILL TO PREVENT LYNCHING, ON WHICH THE SENATE WAS DEADLOCKED.
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In that election, he was supported by the railroads; however, in 1906 he broke with them, supporting
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Norris was a staunch "dry", battling against alcohol even when the crusade lost favor during the
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George W. Norris Middle School in Omaha, Nebraska; the George W. Norris K–12 school system near
352:(July 11, 1861 – September 2, 1944) was an American politician from the state of
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Robert F. Wesser, "George W. Norris, The Unicameral Legislature and the Progressive Ideal",
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Technology as Freedom: The New Deal and the Electrical Modernization of the American Home
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https://web.archive.org/web/20020624094935/http://www.nebraskahistory.org/sites/norris/
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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
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997:. Nebraska State Historical Society. Archived from the original on September 8, 1999
391:. It became a major development agency in the Upper South that constructed dams for
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the war were "munition manufacturers, stockbrokers, and bond dealers", adding that
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support. Norris won with 43.8% of the vote against Republican former congressman
676:(R-New York), a Representative from New York City, Norris secured passage of the
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1998:
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Norman Wengert, "Antecedents of TVA: The Legislative History of Muscle Shoals".
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passed this change in 1934. All other states have retained a two-house system.
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No More Free Markets Or Free Beer: The Progressive Era in Nebraska, 1900–1924
568:"war brings no prosperity to the great mass of common and patriotic citizens.
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1264:"The March First Movement in America: The Campaign to Win American Support"
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After several terms, Norris's seniority gained him the chairmanship of the
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427:. He was the eleventh child of poor, uneducated farmers of Scots-Irish and
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1938:
United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
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1229:
Paterson, Thomas G.; Clifford, John Garry; Hagan, Kenneth J. (1999).
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The Limits of Symbolic Reform: The New Deal and Taxation, 1933–1939
857:, home of the legislature since 1937, was named in Norris's honor.
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FDR (center) signs the Rural Electrification Act with Congressman
654:, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Norris supported Democrats
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In 1933 the project for the Muscle Shoals Bill became part of the
555:
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causes in Congress. He is best known for his sponsorship of the
337:
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1324:
George W. Norris; The Persistence of a Progressive, 1913–1933
1285:
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Notable third-party performances in United States elections
1177:
One House, The Unicameral's Progressive Vision for Nebraska
424:
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Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Nebraska
521:
As a leading Progressive Republican, Norris supported the
1402:
1330:
George W. Norris: The Triumph of a Progressive, 1933–1944
1123:
VOICES OF PROTEST: W.E.B. DUBOIS AND BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
435:
and earned his LL.B. degree in 1883 at the law school of
1659:
1318:
George W. Norris: The Making of a Progressive, 1861–1912
1350:
Fighting Liberal: The Autobiography of George W. Norris
763:(who came in second) and Democratic former congressman
2607:
1396:
Encyclopedia of Baldwin Wallace History: George Norris
1237:. Vol. 2 (5 ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p.
853:
In February 1984, the west legislative chamber of the
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Republican Party United States senators from Nebraska
1365:
George W. Norris: Gentle Knight of American Democracy
1228:
601:
Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution
580:, who opposed and defeated U.S. participation in the
1410:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1302:
Fellman, David. "The Liberalism of Senator Norris",
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Unable to secure Democratic support in the state in
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892:
List of United States senators who switched parties
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1036:. University of California Press. pp. 46–48.
838:The principal north–south street through downtown
559:George W. Norris, US Representative from Nebraska.
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1233:American Foreign Relations: A history since 1895
1091:
2292:United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
1112:
942:Research Guide to American Historical Biography
459:In 1900 Norris relocated to the larger town of
913:
368:, from 1903 until 1913, and five terms in the
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1510:U.S. House of Representatives
1201:
821:Norris is one of eight senators profiled in
786:, which advocated for Korea's independence.
1058:"Norris Calls For Defeat of Hoover in 1932"
917:Men Against Myths: The Progressive Response
875:Also in 1961, Norris was inducted into the
442:He moved west to practice law, settling in
4782:Valparaiso University School of Law alumni
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607:. He failed on these issues in the 1920s.
29:
4842:Foreign supporters of Korean independence
610:In that period, he blocked industrialist
467:in local politics. In 1902, running as a
4393:1928 United States presidential election
809:A bust of Norris was created in 1942 by
804:
702:
554:
67:March 4, 1913 – January 3, 1943
4832:Left-wing populism in the United States
897:
800:
722:President Roosevelt's New Deal programs
684:) and greatly limited the use of court
544:'s domestic programs but became a firm
281: 1889; died 1901)
4749:
1335:"George W Norris: A Reflective View",
1261:
970:""Opposition to Wilson's War Message""
909:
907:
726:Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933
362:United States House of Representatives
121:March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1913
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1516:Nebraska's 5th congressional district
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772:Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937
477:Nebraska's 5th congressional district
16:American politician (1861–1944)
2175:Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
1661:United States senators from Nebraska
1551:U.S. senator (Class 2) from Nebraska
1179:(2005, University of Nebraska Press)
848:National Register of Historic Places
793:, Norris was defeated by Republican
219:York Township, Sandusky County, Ohio
164:August 1926 – March 3, 1933
4817:American anti–World War I activists
904:
540:Norris supported some of President
449:
13:
4837:Progressivism in the United States
4767:Independent United States senators
1947:(1829–1857; 1863–1881)
995:"More about Senator George Norris"
498:, representing only white voters.
454:
14:
4853:
4797:People from Sandusky County, Ohio
4787:Baldwin Wallace University alumni
1381:
1304:American Political Science Review
1262:Palmer, Brandon (December 2020).
842:, is named George Norris Avenue.
152:Senate Committee on the Judiciary
3775:
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2047:
1788:
1405:"George W. Norris (id: N000139)"
1121:Barnes, Harry W. (August 1969).
1296:
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1098:. Lexington Books. p. 72.
767:(who came in a distant third).
298:
278:
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987:
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947:
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614:'s proposals to modernize the
603:, and proposed to abolish the
463:, where he became active as a
360:. He served five terms in the
328:Northern Indiana Normal School
1:
1508:Member of the
1493:U.S. House of Representatives
1208:. Cambridge U.P. p. 69.
1144:. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
715:
618:by building a private dam at
410:
99:U.S. House of Representatives
36:
4792:People from McCook, Nebraska
872:appears below his portrait.
7:
4777:Nebraska state court judges
3581:Third party (U.S. politics)
1129:. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
954:"Traditions of the senate".
885:
846:in McCook is listed in the
770:Norris opposed Roosevelt's
523:direct election of senators
492:disenfranchised most blacks
431:descent. He graduated from
415:Norris was born in 1861 in
10:
4858:
1612:Senate Judiciary Committee
784:League of Friends of Korea
645:Tennessee Valley Authority
630:. Norris said of Hoover:
516:
503:Robert M. La Follette, Sr.
385:Tennessee Valley Authority
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3399:Robert M. La Follette Jr.
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1092:Burton W. Folsom (1999).
1079:(1952) 26#4 pp: 141–147.
1030:Tobey, Ronald C. (1996).
1015:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
959:opposed recommending him.
940:Robert Muccigrosso, ed.,
738:Rural Electrification Act
711:(left) and Norris (right)
509:. He instead ran for the
343:
333:
317:
309:
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125:
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95:
83:
71:
60:
48:
44:
28:
21:
3043:Harrison H. Riddleberger
2057:Agriculture and Forestry
1435:Party political offices
1403:United States Congress.
920:. Greenwood. p. 7.
593:Agriculture and Forestry
473:House of Representatives
471:, he was elected to the
358:Midwestern United States
4827:Activists from Nebraska
1502:Ashton C. Shallenberger
914:Fred Greenbaum (2000).
728:. In appreciation, the
724:, Norris sponsored the
720:A staunch supporter of
375:Norris was a leader of
132:Ashton C. Shallenberger
2612:United States senators
1352:(1945; reprinted 1972)
1154:TVA: An American Ideal
866:public power districts
855:Nebraska State Capitol
818:
712:
674:Fiorello H. La Guardia
574:
560:
4807:Nebraska Independents
4709:William Dudley Pelley
4673:Socialist Labor Party
2009:(abolished 1857–1863)
1527:Silas Reynolds Barton
1202:Mark H. Leff (2003).
1165:TVA: Norris Reservoir
877:Nebraska Hall of Fame
815:Nebraska Hall of Fame
808:
706:
678:Norris–La Guardia Act
660:Franklin D. Roosevelt
566:
558:
444:Beaver City, Nebraska
437:Valparaiso University
404:Franklin D. Roosevelt
350:George William Norris
206:George William Norris
144:Silas Reynolds Barton
50:United States Senator
4727:Other 1928 elections
3184:Richard F. Pettigrew
1560:Gilbert M. Hitchcock
1339:70 (1989): 297–302.
1077:Agricultural History
898:Notes and references
801:Legacy and memorials
672:In 1932, along with
582:Treaty of Versailles
535:Nebraska Legislature
370:United States Senate
4822:Activists from Ohio
3576:Politics portal
2917:Peter G. Van Winkle
1569:William H. Thompson
828:Profiles in Courage
780:non-interventionism
694:Costigan-Wagner Act
682:yellow-dog contract
387:in 1933 during the
4530:Joseph T. Robinson
3219:Nonpartisan League
3194:William M. Stewart
2980:Morgan C. Hamilton
2952:Liberal Republican
2907:David T. Patterson
2691:John J. Crittenden
2658:William C. Preston
1596:Political offices
1557:Served alongside:
1374:2012-07-16 at the
1363:Zucker, Norman L.
1357:2012-07-16 at the
1348:Norris, George W.
1063:2004-09-19 at the
819:
713:
576:Norris joined the
561:
527:state legislatures
484:Theodore Roosevelt
433:Baldwin University
429:Pennsylvania Dutch
324:Baldwin University
4744:
4743:
4718:
4717:
4691:Verne L. Reynolds
4633:William F. Varney
4623:Prohibition Party
4604:William Z. Foster
4570:
4569:
4484:
4483:
4354:
4353:
3594:
3593:
3441:Harry F. Byrd Jr.
3136:Silver Republican
3116:William A. Peffer
3086:William A. Harris
2927:Waitman T. Willey
2877:John B. Henderson
2734:Lawrence Brainerd
2648:Stephen D. Miller
2575:
2574:
2257:
2256:
2059:(1884–1977)
1903:
1902:
1628:
1627:
1619:Succeeded by
1604:Albert B. Cummins
1589:Kenneth S. Wherry
1586:Succeeded by
1573:Richard C. Hunter
1555:1913–1943
1524:Succeeded by
1485:Robert G. Simmons
1482:Succeeded by
1175:Charlyne Berens,
795:Kenneth S. Wherry
761:Robert G. Simmons
734:Norris, Tennessee
688:against strikes.
652:Warren G. Harding
605:Electoral College
586:League of Nations
531:unicameral system
513:as a Republican.
507:Progressive Party
347:
346:
229:September 2, 1944
175:Albert B. Cummins
90:Kenneth S. Wherry
4849:
4772:Nebraska lawyers
4576:
4575:
4540:Other candidates
4528:Vice President:
4503:
4502:
4491:Democratic Party
4471:George W. Norris
4449:Other candidates
4437:Vice President:
4419:
4418:
4407:Republican Party
4381:
4374:
4367:
4358:
4357:
4314:
4269:
4224:
4144:
4059:
3939:
3789:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3639:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3574:
3573:
3521:George W. Norris
3416:Miles Poindexter
3414:
3397:
3380:
3363:
3348:James L. Buckley
3346:
3329:
3312:
3290:Henrik Shipstead
3066:William V. Allen
2867:Joseph S. Fowler
2817:Lemuel J. Bowden
2754:Francis Gillette
2711:John B. Thompson
2602:
2595:
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2261:
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2051:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1792:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1622:Henry F. Ashurst
1610:Chairman of the
1601:Preceded by
1564:Robert B. Howell
1541:Preceded by
1518:
1499:Preceded by
1432:
1431:
1414:
1337:Nebraska History
1306:(1946) 40:27–41
1290:
1289:
1259:
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1252:
1236:
1226:
1220:
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1199:
1193:
1190:Nebraska History
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991:
985:
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982:
981:
972:. Archived from
966:
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951:
945:
938:
932:
931:
911:
840:McCook, Nebraska
757:Democratic Party
667:Great Depression
616:Tennessee Valley
571:
488:Joseph G. Cannon
450:Political career
389:Great Depression
302:
300:
282:
280:
236:McCook, Nebraska
232:
215:
213:
197:Personal details
187:Henry F. Ashurst
183:
171:
162:
150:Chairman of the
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128:
119:
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74:
65:
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33:
23:George W. Norris
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4667:
4662:James H. Maurer
4644:Socialist Party
4638:
4617:
4612:Benjamin Gitlow
4594:Communist Party
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4566:
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4466:Frank O. Lowden
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3299:
3260:Elmer A. Benson
3246:
3213:
3204:Henry M. Teller
3144:Frank J. Cannon
3134:
3125:
3052:
3019:
2946:
2897:Reverdy Johnson
2887:Thomas H. Hicks
2837:John S. Carlile
2803:
2744:Salmon P. Chase
2720:
2701:Anthony Kennedy
2667:
2638:Robert Y. Hayne
2628:John C. Calhoun
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1577:Edward R. Burke
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1192:(December 1964)
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862:Firth, Nebraska
823:John F. Kennedy
803:
776:Bloody Saturday
765:Terry Carpenter
718:
624:Calvin Coolidge
578:Irreconcilables
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3541:Kyrsten Sinema
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3531:Bernie Sanders
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3376:
3359:
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3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3287:
3280:Ernest Lundeen
3277:
3270:Magnus Johnson
3267:
3256:
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3248:
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3237:William Langer
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3096:Henry Heitfeld
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3033:William Mahone
3029:
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3010:Lyman Trumbull
3007:
3000:Charles Sumner
2997:
2987:
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2970:Orris S. Ferry
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4562:Evans Woollen
4560:
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4557:James A. Reed
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4201:Shallenberger
4199:
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4191:Shallenberger
4189:
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4181:Shallenberger
4179:
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4166:Shallenberger
4164:
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4109:
4107:
4106:Shallenberger
4104:
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4089:
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4086:M. McLaughlin
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3856:C. McLaughlin
3854:
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3491:Joe Lieberman
3489:
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3386:Law and Order
3383:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:Joseph Cilley
3360:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3335:Anti-Monopoly
3332:
3326:
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3164:John P. Jones
3162:
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3141:
3139:
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3106:James H. Kyle
3104:
3101:
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3087:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3076:Marion Butler
3074:
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2961:
2960:Reuben Fenton
2958:
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2942:
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2937:Robert Wilson
2935:
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2875:
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2857:Garrett Davis
2855:
2852:
2848:
2847:John Creswell
2845:
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2250:
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2240:
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2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
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2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:(1977–)
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
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2055:
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2032:
2030:
2029:Frelinghuysen
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1972:
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1967:
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1962:
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1957:
1955:
1952:
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1911:
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1599:
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1574:
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1503:
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1471:
1467:
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1452:
1448:
1442:
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1428:
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1420:
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1412:
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1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
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1388:
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1385:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
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1328:
1325:
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1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:Korea Journal
1265:
1258:
1250:
1248:0-395-93887-2
1244:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1225:
1217:
1215:9780521521246
1211:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1127:Smith College
1124:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1105:9780739100141
1101:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1043:9780520204218
1039:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1012:
996:
990:
976:on 2014-08-21
975:
971:
965:
958:
955:
950:
944:(1988) 3:1165
943:
937:
929:
927:9780275968885
923:
919:
918:
910:
908:
903:
893:
890:
889:
883:
880:
878:
873:
869:
867:
863:
858:
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851:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
829:
824:
816:
812:
807:
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
710:
705:
701:
699:
695:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
633:
632:
631:
629:
625:
621:
620:Muscle Shoals
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
573:
565:
557:
553:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:York Township
408:
405:
400:
398:
394:
393:flood control
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
325:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
291:Ellie Leonard
286:
285:
268:Pluma Lashley
263:
262:
260:
256:
253:
248:
245:
241:
237:
228:
224:
220:
216:July 11, 1861
204:
200:
195:
191:
188:
185:
179:
176:
173:
167:
161:
156:
153:
148:
145:
142:
136:
133:
130:
124:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
94:
91:
88:
82:
79:
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
43:
32:
27:
20:
4726:
4707:
4701:Independents
4689:VP nominee:
4688:
4680:
4660:VP nominee:
4659:
4651:
4630:
4610:VP nominee:
4609:
4601:
4547:Cordell Hull
4527:
4512:
4489:
4470:
4436:
4428:
4405:
4397:→ 1932
4389:← 1924
4346:P. Hitchcock
4222:6th district
4170:
4142:5th district
4057:4th district
3937:3rd district
3826:G. Hitchcock
3816:G. Hitchcock
3787:2nd district
3637:1st district
3520:
3471:Jim Jeffords
3461:John P. Hale
3434:Independents
3352:Conservative
3331:Newton Booth
3318:Independence
3314:Dean Barkley
3252:Farmer–Labor
3227:Lynn Frazier
2794:Henry Wilson
2774:James Harlan
2764:John P. Hale
2673:Know Nothing
2452:
2120:
2008:
1839:
1810:P. Hitchcock
1720:G. Hitchcock
1609:
1558:
1549:
1544:Norris Brown
1507:
1451:U.S. Senator
1449:nominee for
1445:
1440:
1408:
1364:
1349:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1303:
1297:Bibliography
1284:– via
1273:
1267:
1257:
1232:
1224:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1094:
1087:
1076:
1071:
1052:
1032:
1025:
999:. Retrieved
989:
978:. Retrieved
974:the original
964:
949:
941:
936:
916:
881:
874:
870:
859:
852:
837:
826:
820:
788:
769:
746:
742:
719:
690:
671:
664:
649:
638:
609:
590:
575:
567:
562:
546:isolationist
539:
520:
500:
481:
458:
441:
414:
401:
374:
349:
348:
249:(until 1936)
231:(1944-09-02)
182:Succeeded by
159:
139:Succeeded by
116:
85:Succeeded by
78:Norris Brown
62:
4762:1944 deaths
4757:1861 births
4585:independent
4581:Third party
4513:President:
4461:Guy D. Goff
4429:President:
3911:Christensen
3891:McCollister
3756:Fortenberry
3511:Wayne Morse
3501:Joe Manchin
3451:David Davis
3420:Progressive
3403:Progressive
3154:Fred Dubois
2990:Carl Schurz
2609:Third-party
1945:Agriculture
1535:U.S. Senate
1142:GovTrack.us
811:Jo Davidson
753:Independent
686:injunctions
533:. Only the
496:Solid South
377:progressive
252:Independent
170:Preceded by
127:Preceded by
73:Preceded by
4751:Categories
4587:candidates
4497:Convention
4413:Convention
4161:Sutherland
3961:Meiklejohn
3886:Cunningham
3866:O'Sullivan
3481:Angus King
3174:Lee Mantle
3025:Readjuster
2308:Crittenden
2091:Hansbrough
1616:1926–1933
1521:1903–1913
1447:Republican
980:2010-01-11
755:with some
730:Norris Dam
716:New Dealer
698:poll taxes
612:Henry Ford
552:in 1917.
469:Republican
465:Republican
411:Early life
402:President
397:liberalism
366:Republican
334:Profession
319:Alma mater
247:Republican
212:1861-07-11
4681:Nominee:
4652:Nominee:
4631:Nominee:
4602:Nominee:
4336:Estabrook
4312:Territory
4301:Valentine
4206:Carpenter
4151:McKeighan
3946:Valentine
3896:Cavanaugh
3806:McKeighan
3726:P. Weaver
3646:A. Weaver
3551:Bob Smith
2726:Free Soil
2681:John Bell
2620:Nullifier
2443:Brandegee
2433:Culberson
2323:Van Buren
2224:Chambliss
1820:Manderson
1282:0023-3900
1001:April 18,
597:Judiciary
588:in 1919.
160:In office
117:In office
63:In office
4521:campaign
4515:Al Smith
4506:Nominees
4422:Nominees
4331:Ferguson
4321:Giddings
4276:Marquett
4267:At-large
4251:Humphrey
4126:McGinley
4111:Binderup
4046:A. Smith
4031:V. Smith
4021:Beermann
4011:Harrison
3991:Stephens
3976:McCarthy
3971:Robinson
3906:Hoagland
3846:Baldrige
3836:Jefferis
3751:Bereuter
3731:Beermann
3716:Copeland
3696:Morehead
3058:Populist
2548:Grassley
2503:Thurmond
2493:Eastland
2478:McCarran
2468:McCarran
2463:Van Nuys
2383:Trumbull
2249:Stabenow
2239:Stabenow
2184:Talmadge
2166:Talmadge
2161:Ellender
2151:Ellender
2131:E. Smith
2096:Dolliver
2039:Johnston
1994:Sturgeon
1974:P. Smith
1895:Ricketts
1855:Griswold
1825:Thurston
1815:Saunders
1760:Zorinsky
1750:Reynolds
1730:Thompson
1710:Dietrich
1685:Van Wyck
1455:Nebraska
1372:Archived
1355:Archived
1308:in JSTOR
1125:, p. 6.
1081:in JSTOR
1061:Archived
1011:cite web
886:See also
833:Al Smith
813:for the
656:Al Smith
641:New Deal
595:and the
584:and the
354:Nebraska
310:Children
110:district
104:Nebraska
55:Nebraska
35:Norris,
4326:Chapman
4286:Crounse
4256:Simmons
4246:Kinkaid
4241:Neville
4196:Johnson
4186:Andrews
4156:Andrews
4076:Hinshaw
4041:Osborne
4036:Barrett
3966:Maxwell
3921:Ashford
3871:Buffett
3861:Buffett
3821:Kennedy
3681:Maguire
3676:Pollard
3671:Burkett
3656:Connell
3651:McShane
3553: (
3543: (
3533: (
3523: (
3513: (
3503: (
3493: (
3483: (
3473: (
3463: (
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3384: (
3369:Liberty
3367: (
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2650: (
2640: (
2630: (
2538:Specter
2498:Kennedy
2488:Kilgore
2458:Ashurst
2448:Cummins
2403:Edmunds
2398:Thurman
2393:Edmunds
2363:Berrien
2348:Clayton
2343:Wilkins
2328:Berrien
2313:Burrill
2244:Roberts
2234:Lincoln
2219:Cochran
2106:Burnham
2086:Proctor
2076:Paddock
2034:Paddock
2019:Cameron
2014:Sherman
1959:Seymour
1885:Johanns
1860:Bowring
1830:Millard
1798:Class 2
1780:Fischer
1715:Burkett
1700:Hayward
1690:Paddock
1680:Paddock
1668:Class 1
1460:Class 2
1367:(1966)
647:(TVA).
550:Germany
529:to the
517:Senator
381:liberal
356:in the
303:
295:
283:
275:
271:
258:Spouses
4736:Senate
4296:Majors
4236:Greene
4211:Coffee
4176:Barton
4171:Norris
4131:Martin
4121:Miller
4116:Curtis
4101:Norton
4091:Norton
4066:Hainer
4026:Martin
4006:Stefan
4001:Howard
3951:Dorsey
3876:Hruska
3831:Lobeck
3811:Mercer
3741:Denney
3736:Callan
3721:Curtis
3706:Heinke
3701:Luckey
3691:Thorpe
3686:Reavis
3666:Strode
3131:Silver
2558:Durbin
2553:Graham
2483:Langer
2453:Norris
2438:Nelson
2388:Wright
2378:Bayard
2373:Butler
2368:Ashley
2353:Grundy
2229:Harkin
2214:Harkin
2204:Harkin
2146:Thomas
2141:Capper
2136:Thomas
2126:McNary
2121:Norris
2116:Gronna
2101:Warren
2081:George
2071:Palmer
2066:Miller
2024:Morton
1979:Mouton
1870:Curtis
1850:Seaton
1845:Wherry
1840:Norris
1805:Thayer
1775:Nelson
1770:Kerrey
1765:Karnes
1755:Hruska
1745:Butler
1735:Hunter
1725:Howell
1675:Tipton
1513:from
1369:online
1341:online
1332:(1978)
1326:(1971)
1320:(1963)
1280:
1245:
1212:
1102:
1040:
924:
751:as an
749:Senate
570:
511:Senate
461:McCook
338:Lawyer
238:, U.S.
221:, U.S.
4731:House
4341:Daily
4291:Welch
4281:Taffe
4096:Sloan
4081:Sloan
4071:Stark
4016:Brock
3996:Evans
3986:Latta
3926:Bacon
3916:Terry
3881:Chase
3851:Burke
3841:Sears
3796:Laird
3761:Flood
3746:Thone
3711:Sweet
3661:Bryan
3304:Other
2809:Union
2543:Leahy
2533:Hatch
2528:Leahy
2523:Hatch
2518:Leahy
2513:Hatch
2508:Biden
2473:Wiley
2428:Clark
2423:Platt
2338:Marcy
2333:Rowan
2318:Smith
2303:Chase
2209:Lugar
2199:Lugar
2194:Leahy
2189:Helms
2156:Aiken
2004:Allen
1999:Soulé
1989:Upham
1964:Brown
1954:Marks
1890:Sasse
1880:Hagel
1835:Brown
1740:Burke
1705:Allen
1695:Allen
1453:from
1441:First
1286:DBpia
1056:From
364:as a
297:(
293:
277:(
273:
102:from
53:from
39:1930s
4583:and
4391:)
3981:Boyd
3901:Daub
3801:Laws
2418:Hoar
2413:Pugh
2408:Hoar
2358:Wall
2111:Gore
1984:Linn
1969:Page
1875:Exon
1865:Abel
1478:1930
1474:1924
1470:1918
1466:1913
1278:ISSN
1243:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1038:ISBN
1017:link
1003:2010
922:ISBN
791:1942
732:and
658:and
626:and
475:for
425:Ohio
379:and
226:Died
202:Born
4231:Kem
3956:Kem
1239:151
825:'s
643:'s
108:5th
106:'s
4753::
4729::
3555:NH
3545:AZ
3535:VT
3525:NE
3515:OR
3505:WV
3495:CT
3485:ME
3475:VT
3465:NH
3455:IL
3445:VA
3424:WA
3407:WI
3390:RI
3373:NH
3356:NY
3339:CA
3322:MN
3294:MN
3284:MN
3274:MN
3264:MN
3241:ND
3231:ND
3208:CO
3198:NV
3188:SD
3178:MT
3168:NV
3158:ID
3148:UT
3133:or
3120:KS
3110:SD
3100:ID
3090:KS
3080:NC
3070:NE
3047:VA
3037:VA
3014:IL
3004:MA
2994:MO
2984:TX
2974:CT
2964:NY
2941:MO
2931:WV
2921:WV
2911:TN
2901:MD
2891:MD
2881:MO
2871:TN
2861:KY
2851:MD
2841:VA
2831:MO
2821:VA
2798:MA
2788:MA
2778:IA
2768:NH
2758:CT
2748:OH
2738:VT
2715:KY
2705:MD
2695:KY
2685:TN
2662:SC
2652:SC
2642:SC
2632:SC
1579:,
1575:,
1571:,
1562:,
1476:,
1472:,
1468:,
1462:)
1407:.
1274:60
1272:.
1266:.
1241:.
1114:^
1013:}}
1009:{{
906:^
879:.
835:.
700:.
479:.
439:.
423:,
419:,
299:m.
279:m.
37:c.
4499:)
4495:(
4415:)
4411:(
4399:)
4395:(
4387:(
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4373:t
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3557:)
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3537:)
3527:)
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3507:)
3497:)
3487:)
3477:)
3467:)
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3426:)
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3413:▌
3409:)
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3396:▌
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3375:)
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3362:▌
3358:)
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3296:)
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3190:)
3180:)
3170:)
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3122:)
3112:)
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2996:)
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2644:)
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1929:e
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1639:v
1566:,
1458:(
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1413:.
1288:.
1251:.
1218:.
1108:.
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1019:)
1005:.
983:.
930:.
817:.
313:3
214:)
210:(
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