211:. His life conformed to his teachings. He had a son, who forsook his religion at the time of the expulsion of the Jews from Mainz in 1012. When his son converted to become a Christian, R. Gershom grieved and observed the strictures of mourning for seven days (and another seven days mourning when his son died). However, he did apparently rule leniently regarding those who had submitted to
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The influence of his ban can be seen in mail from the Middle Ages. A letter would contain the seal "B'chadrag" which meant that it was forbidden to open except by the recipient under the ban of
Rabbeinu Gershom. His religious bans are still in force for Ashkenazi religious Jews and are used for
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to escape persecution, and who afterward returned to the Jewish fold. He strictly prohibited reproaching them with infidelity, and even gave those among them who had been slandered an opportunity to publicly pronounce the benediction in the
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Students came from all over Europe to enroll in his yeshiva, and later dispersed among various communities in
Germany and beyond which helped spread Jewish learning. He had many pupils from different countries, like
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249:, and wrote commentaries on several treatises of the latter which were very popular and gave an impulse to the production of other works of the kind. His
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Questions of religious law were addressed to him from all countries, and measures which he authorized had legal force among all the Jews of Europe.
148:(Sir LĂ©ontin), who was one of the greatest authorities of his time. Having lost his first wife, Gershom married a widow named Bonna and settled at
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wrote that
Rabbeinu Gershom's writings were "such permanent fixtures that they may well have been handed down on
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Jewish communities and was very influential in molding them at a time when their population was dwindling.
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Biography of Rashi who carried
Rabbenu Gershom's teachings into the medieval world. Discusses influence.
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were inspired by the bloody persecutions of his time. Gershom also left a large number of rabbinical
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Gershom's literary activity was similarly fruitful. He is celebrated for his works in the field of
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270:("Remember the Covenant of Abraham"), a liturgical poem recited by Ashkenazic Jews during the
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he called around 1000 CE, in which he instituted various laws and bans, including prohibiting
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under compulsion, and prohibiting the opening of correspondence addressed to someone else.
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The modification of the rules concerning those who became apostates under compulsion;
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1:315:1, quoted in
Lebovits, Rabbi Moishe Dovid, "Reading Another Person's Mail",
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203:. The fame of his learning eclipsed even that of the heads of the academies of
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492: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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401:(Sire LĂ©ontin), who was one of the greatest authorities of his time.
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Jubelschrift zum
Siebzigsten Geburtstag des Dr. Israel Hildesheimer
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diaspora are students of his." As early as the 14th century,
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The prohibition of reading another person's private mail.
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which are scattered throughout various collections.
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287:and all its desirable things are buried and hidden
245:. His school composed glosses on the text of the
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397:, he owed most of his knowledge to his teacher,
156:. During his lifetime Mainz became a center of
179:. He was the spiritual guide of the fledgling
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164:scholarship for many Jewish communities in
152:, where he devoted himself to teaching the
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168:that had formerly been connected with the
101:Less than a century after Gershom's death
299:Synod and bans (Herem of Rabbenu Gershom)
337:establishment of law in modern Israel.
274:, which includes the following stanza:
54:Rabbeinu Gershom, Gershom Me'Or Hagolah
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272:season of Rosh HaShana and Yom Kippur
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535:. Berlin, 1890; pp. 37 et seq.
86:("Our teacher Gershom the light of
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285:are turned to shame and to spoils
144:in 960, Gershom was a student of
105:said of him, "all members of the
1322:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
519:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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435:Features, 6 January 2010, p. C3.
289:and nothing is left except this
1327:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
546:Video Lecture on Rabenu Gershom
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303:He is famous for his religious
1720:Authors of books on Jewish law
1465:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
1311:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
1149:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
1144:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
465:"Halakhah, Law, and Worldview"
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84:Rabbeinu Gershom Me'Or Hagolah
66:, (c. 960–1040) best known as
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1184:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
1079:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
935:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
722:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
523:With regard to the so-called
356:
1669:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
1582:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
1281:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
1040:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
590:
135:
7:
1545:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
1189:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
941:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
809:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
728:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
525:Ordinances of Rabbi Gershom
347:
340:
251:
173:
10:
1736:
1710:11th-century French rabbis
1705:10th-century French rabbis
1445:Eliyahu Menachem of London
1337:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
1214:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
1159:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
923:David ben Levi of Narbonne
120:He is most famous for the
1610:
1577:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
1523:
1488:
1455:Jacob ben Judah of London
1420:
1227:
1194:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
999:
873:
771:
647:
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326:a woman against her will;
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30:
25:
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1654:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
1644:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
1164:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
1094:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
1062:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
986:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
634:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
387:As he himself says in a
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201:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
1510:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
1402:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
1347:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1293:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
1237:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
516:The Jewish Encyclopedia
399:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
146:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1382:Jacob ben Judah Landau
1377:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
1352:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
961:Abraham of Montpellier
832:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
555:Rashi by Maurice Liber
513:; et al. (eds.).
296:
1597:Isaac ben Melchizedek
1592:Joseph Colon Trabotto
1277:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
937:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
711:Isaac ben Moses Arama
639:Shemariah ben Elhanan
614:Chananel ben Chushiel
276:
1674:Nethanel ben Isaiah‎
1659:Nathan ben Abraham I
1551:Obadiah of Bertinoro
1269:Mordechai ben Hillel
1209:Shemaiah of Soissons
268:Zechor Berit Avraham
262:He is the author of
1700:11th-century deaths
1563:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
1480:Berechiah de Nicole
1430:Aaron of Canterbury
1412:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
1387:Samuel ben Natronai
1342:Judah ben Kalonymus
1307:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
1010:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
956:Asher ben Meshullam
951:Meshullam ben Jacob
911:Isaac ben Abba Mari
865:Judah ben Barzillai
507:"Gershom ben Judah"
349:Heter meah rabbanim
322:The prohibition of
315:The prohibition of
1664:Hillel ben Eliakim
1634:Zerahiah the Greek
1628:Tobiah ben Eliezer
1500:(Terumat HaDeshen)
1332:Samson ben Eliezer
1287:Eliezer ben Nathan
1275:Meir of Rothenburg
1244:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
1219:Ephraim ben Samson
1139:Eliezer of Touques
1050:Eliezer ben Samuel
1045:Yom Tov of Falaise
917:Abraham ben Nathan
713:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
651:(except Catalonia)
550:Dr. Henry Abramson
499:Schechter, Solomon
463:Radzyner, Amihai.
395:Meir of Rothenburg
197:Elijah ben Menahem
1682:
1681:
1639:Isaac ben Dorbolo
1602:Judah Messer Leon
1587:Hillel ben Samuel
1533:Nathan ben Jehiel
1475:Yom Tov of Joigny
1362:Israel of Bamberg
1313:(Yehudah haHasid)
1242:Gershom ben Judah
1199:Menahem ben Helbo
1109:Peretz ben Elijah
1089:Judah ben Yom Tov
1020:List of Tosafists
1003:(except Provence)
991:Jonathan of Lunel
981:Isaac of Narbonne
976:Samuel ibn Tibbon
888:Abraham ben David
826:Isaac ben Sheshet
797:Shlomo ibn Aderet
738:Maimon ben Joseph
733:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
679:Joseph ibn Migash
624:Zechariah Aghmati
619:Dunash ben Labrat
472:www.law.tau.ac.il
311:, which include:
233:Biblical exegesis
189:Eleazar ben Isaac
90:"), was a famous
64:Gershom ben Judah
58:
57:
20:Gershom ben Judah
1727:
1715:Rabbis from Metz
1556:Menahem Recanati
1498:Israel Isserlein
1392:Alexander Suslin
1317:Yaakov ben Yakar
1299:Eleazar of Worms
1257:Asher ben Jehiel
1248:Simeon bar Isaac
1179:Samuel of Évreux
1154:Baruch ben Isaac
1129:Samson of Chinon
1124:Jacob of Orléans
1099:Yechiel of Paris
1068:Judah ben Nathan
1056:Isaac ben Samuel
1035:Solomon ben Meir
946:Moshe ha-Darshan
929:Moses ben Joseph
883:Hachmei Provence
850:Azriel of Gerona
846:(Nimmukei Yosef)
844:Joseph ibn Habib
840:(Maggid Mishneh)
805:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
791:Nissim of Gerona
748:Abraham ibn Daud
717:Rabbenu Yerucham
691:Bahya ibn Paquda
673:Yom Tov Asevilli
668:Abraham ibn Ezra
629:Nissim ben Jacob
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51:Other names
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1470:Moses of London
1460:Josce of London
1450:Hagin Deulacres
1440:Elias of London
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1407:Simha of Speyer
1372:Judah ben Asher
1367:Ephraim of Bonn
1263:Jacob ben Asher
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1174:Moses of Évreux
1169:Meir ben Samuel
1134:Jacob of Chinon
1114:Eliezer of Toul
1084:Elijah of Paris
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971:Isaac the Blind
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860:Judah ben Yakar
838:Vidal of Tolosa
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758:Jonah ibn Janah
701:David Abudirham
696:Bahya ben Asher
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527:see especially
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1119:Chaim Paltiel
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1515:Isaac Tyrnau
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1058:(Ri HaZaken)
1025:Rabbeinu Tam
966:Joseph Caspi
763:Abraham Saba
663:Judah Halevi
608:Isaac Alfasi
600:North Africa
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1535:(the Aruch)
1271:(Mordechai)
1204:Simeon Kara
1074:Bechor Shor
925:(HaMichtam)
900:David Kimhi
781:Nachmanides
724:(Migdal Oz)
706:Joseph Albo
681:(Ri Migash)
369:Responsa 70
205:Sura (city)
115:Mount Sinai
26:×¨×‘×™× ×• גרשום
1689:Categories
1649:Moses Taku
1572:Judah Anav
1506:(Or Zarua)
1397:Jacob Weil
919:(HaManhig)
894:Gersonides
834:(Tashbatz)
658:Maimonides
450:www.ou.org
416:www.ou.org
357:References
218:synagogues
181:Ashkenazic
170:Babylonian
76:×¨×‘× ×• גרשום
1611:Elsewhere
1301:(Rokeach)
1295:(Raavyah)
1289:(Ra'aven)
1283:(Maharil)
913:(HaIttur)
906:Abba Mari
773:Catalonia
446:"Gershom"
412:"Gershom"
390:responsum
324:divorcing
281:Holy City
257:responsa,
209:Pumbedita
136:Biography
130:apostates
107:Ashkenazi
96:Halakhist
92:Talmudist
88:the exile
1052:(Yereim)
896:(Ralbag)
890:(Raavad)
875:Provence
828:(Rivash)
799:(Rashba)
592:Rishonim
341:See also
317:polygamy
252:selichot
175:yeshivas
140:Born in
126:polygamy
1490:Austria
1422:England
1229:Germany
1070:(Rivan)
1064:(Semag)
1030:Rashbam
931:(Rambi)
902:(Radak)
822:(Ra'ah)
687:(Ramah)
675:(Ritva)
496::
433:Hamodia
309:Judaism
307:within
238:Masorah
213:baptism
1547:(Riaz)
1259:(Rosh)
1001:France
264:Seliha
247:Talmud
241:, and
235:, the
199:, and
166:Europe
162:Jewish
154:Talmud
72:Hebrew
1541:(Rid)
1525:Italy
1252:Mainz
1104:Rivam
1015:Rashi
793:(Ran)
649:Spain
610:(Rif)
509:. In
468:(PDF)
291:Torah
266:42 –
224:Works
158:Torah
150:Mainz
122:synod
103:Rashi
60:Rabbi
305:bans
279:The
207:and
160:and
142:Metz
94:and
46:1040
43:Died
37:Metz
31:Born
1250:of
548:by
117:."
34:960
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70:(
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