751:. Young children under the age of two seem to rely on pointing gestures to refer to objects that they do not know the names of. Once the words are learned, they eschewed those referential (pointing) gestures. One would think that the use of gesture would decrease as the child develops spoken language, but results reveal that gesture frequency increased as speaking frequency increased with age. There is, however, a change in gesture typology at different ages, suggesting a connection between gestures and language development. Children most often use pointing and adults rely more on iconic and beat gestures. As children begin producing sentence-like utterances, they also begin producing new kinds of gestures that adults use when speaking (iconics and beats). Evidence of this systematic organization of gesture is indicative of its association to language development.
731:
may be synchronous with the utterance, "He threw the ball right into the window." Such gestures that are used along with speech tend to be universal. For example, one describing that they are feeling cold due to a lack of proper clothing and/or a cold weather can accompany their verbal description with a visual one. This can be achieved through various gestures such as by demonstrating a shiver and/or by rubbing the hands together. In such cases, the language or verbal description of the person does not necessarily need to be understood as someone could at least take a hint at what's being communicated through the observation and interpretation of body language which serves as a gesture equivalent in meaning to what's being said through communicative speech.
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1009:. Gestures are a way to represent the thoughts of an individual, which are prompted in working memory. The results of an experiment revealed that adults have increased accuracy when they used pointing gestures as opposed to simply counting in their heads (without the use of pointing gestures) Furthermore, the results of a study conducted by Marstaller and BurianovĂĄ suggest that the use of gestures affect working memory. The researchers found that those with low capacity of working memory who were able to use gestures actually recalled more terms than those with low capacity who were not able to use gestures.
760:
997:'s view of the gesture-speech system. This suggests that gesture and speech work tightly together, and a disruption of one (speech or gesture) will cause a problem in the other. Studies have found strong evidence that speech and gesture are innately linked in the brain and work in an efficiently wired and choreographed system. McNeill's view of this linkage in the brain is just one of three currently up for debate; the others declaring gesture to be a "support system" of spoken language or a physical mechanism for lexical retrieval.
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through findings from experiments by
Skipper where the use of gestures led to "a division of labor between areas related to language or action (Broca's area and premotor/primary motor cortex respectively)", The use of gestures in combination with speech allowed the brain to decrease the need for "semantic control". Because gestures aided in understanding the relayed message, there was not as great a need for semantic selection or control that would otherwise be required of the listener through
515:
content of the verbal speech with which they co-occur. However, since the late 1990s, most research has revolved around the contrasting hypothesis that
Lexical gestures serve a primarily cognitive purpose in aiding the process of speech production. As of 2012, there is research to suggest that Lexical Gesture does indeed serve a primarily communicative purpose and cognitive only secondary, but in the realm of socio-pragmatic communication, rather than lexico-semantic modification.
993:. Their common neurological basis also supports the idea that symbolic gesture and spoken language are two parts of a single fundamental semiotic system that underlies human discourse. The linkage of hand and body gestures in conjunction with speech is further revealed by the nature of gesture use in blind individuals during conversation. This phenomenon uncovers a function of gesture that goes beyond portraying communicative content of language and extends
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gestures are embodied corporeal forms of cultural communication. But rather than just residing within one cultural context, she describes how gestures migrate across bodies and locations to create new cultural meanings and associations. She also posits how they might function as a form of "resistance to homogenization" because they are so dependent on the specification of the bodies that perform them.
817:," play an important role in industry. Proper body language etiquette in business dealings can be crucial for success. However, gestures can have different meanings according to the country in which they are expressed. In an age of global business, diplomatic cultural sensitivity has become a necessity. Gestures that we take as innocent may be seen by someone else as deeply insulting.
460:, wrote a book based on his ten years of research and concluded that "gestures do not simply form a part of what is said, but have an impact on thought itself." Meltzoff argues that gestures directly transfer thoughts into visible forms, showing that ideas and language cannot always be express. A peer-reviewed journal Gesture has been published since 2001, and was founded by
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ancestors were better pre-adapted to acquire language-like competence using manual gestures than using vocal sounds." This leads to a debate about whether humans, too, looked to gestures first as their modality of language in the early existence of the species. The function of gestures may have been a significant player in the evolution of language.
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gestures are "iconic and metaphoric, but lack consistency and are context-dependent". "Language-like gesture" implies that the gesture is assuming something linguistic (Loncke, 2013). Pantomime falls in the middle of the continuum and requires shared conventions. This kind of gesture helps convey information or describe an event.
778:, in which a set of emblematic gestures are used to represent a written alphabet. Sign languages are different from gesturing in that concepts are modeled by certain hand motions or expressions and has a specific established structure while gesturing is more malleable and has no specific structure rather it supplements speech.
842:, "the act of presenting business cards is very important. When presenting, one holds the business card with both hands, grasping it between the thumbs and forefingers. The presentation is to be accompanied by a slight bow. The print on the card should point towards the person to which one is giving the card."
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conclude that both gestures and language contribute to the understanding and decoding of a speaker's encoded message. Willems and
Hagoort's research suggest that "processing evoked by gestures is qualitatively similar to that of words at the level of semantic processing." This conclusion is supported
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The most familiar are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures. These are conventional, culture-specific gestures that can be used as replacement for words, such as the handwave used in the US for "hello" and "goodbye". A single emblematic gesture can have a very different significance in different
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The elaboration of lexical gestures falls on a spectrum of iconic-metaphorical in how closely tied they are to the lexico-semantic content of the verbal speech they coordinate with. More iconic gesture very obviously mirrors the words being spoken (such as drawing a jagged horizontal line in the air
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In order to better understand the linguistic values that gestures hold, Adam Kendon, a pioneer in gesture research has proposed to look at it as a continuum from less linguistic to fully linguistic. Using the continuum, speech declines as "the language-like properties of gestural behaviors increase
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Home signs are similar to the gestural actions of chimpanzees. Gestures are used by these animals in place of verbal language, which is restricted in animals due to their lacking certain physiological and articulation abilities that humans have for speech. Corballis (2010) asserts that "our hominid
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Other spontaneous gestures used during speech production known as iconic gestures are more full of content, and may echo, or elaborate, the meaning of the co-occurring speech. They depict aspects of spatial images, actions, people, or objects. For example, a gesture that depicts the act of throwing
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to signify "no". Also, in most cultures nodding your head signifies "Yes", which the book "The
Definitive Book of Body Language" describes as submissive gesture to representing the conversation is going the direction of the person speaking. The book explains that people who are born deaf can show a
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Informative gestures are passive gestures that provide information about the speaker as a person and not about what the speaker is trying to communicate. Some movements are not purely considered gestures, however a person could perform these adapters in such way like scratching, adjusting clothing,
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The first way to distinguish between categories of gesture is to differentiate between communicative gesture and informative gesture. While most gestures can be defined as possibly happening during the course of spoken utterances, the informative-communicative dichotomy focuses on intentionality of
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Although there is an obvious connection in the aid of gestures in understanding a message, "the understanding of gestures is not the same as understanding spoken language." These two functions work together and gestures help facilitate understanding, but they only "partly drive the neural language
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Gesturing is probably universal; there has been no report of a community that does not gesture. Gestures are a crucial part of everyday conversation such as chatting, describing a route, negotiating prices on a market; they are ubiquitous. Gestures are learned embodied cultural practices that can
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Lexical gestures, like motor gestures, cannot occur independently of verbal speech. The purpose of lexical gestures is still widely contested in the literature with some linguists arguing that lexical gestures serve to amplify or modulate the semantic content of lexical speech, or that it serves a
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These gestures can occur during speech, but they may also occur independently of communication, as they are not a part of active communication. While informative gestures may communicate information about the person speaking (e.g. itchy, uncomfortable, etc.), this communication is not engaged with
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Gestures of different kinds fall within this continuum and include spontaneous gesticulations, language-like gestures, pantomime, emblems, and sign language. Spontaneous gesticulations are not evident without the presence of speech, assisting in the process of vocalization, whereas language-like
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where gesture is defined as any performed act with a beginning and an end that carries on a meaning (from the latin gero = to bear, to carry on). According to this philosophy, gesture is our normal procedure to embody vague ideas in singular actions with a general meaning. Gesture is forged by a
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Following pantomime are emblems, which have specific meanings to denote "feelings, obscenities, and insults" and are not required to be used in conjunction with speech. The most linguistic gesture on Kendon's continuum is sign language, where "single manual signs have specific meanings and are
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Gesture has frequently been taken up by researchers in the field of dance studies and performance studies in ways that emphasize the ways they are culturally and contextually inflected. Performance scholar Carrie Noland describes gestures as "learned techniques of the body" and stresses the way
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an
American psychologist internationally renown for infant and child development conducted a study in 1977 on the imitation of facial and manual gestures by newborns. The study concluded that "infants between 12 and 21 days of age can imitate the facial and manual gestures of parents". In 1992,
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Within the field of linguistics, the most hotly contested aspect of gesture revolves around the subcategory of
Lexical or Iconic Co-Speech Gestures. Adam Kendon was the first to hypothesize on their purpose when he argued that Lexical gestures do work to amplify or modulate the lexico-semantic
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Communicative gestures are gestures that are produced intentionally and meaningfully by a person as a way of intensifying or modifying speech produced in the vocal tract (or with the hands in the case of sign languages), even though a speaker may not be actively aware that they are producing
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Humans have the ability to communicate through language, but they can also express through gestures. In particular, gestures can be transmitted through movements of body parts, face, and body expressions. Researchers Goldin Meadow and
Brentari D. conducted research in 2015 and concluded that
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585:" concluded that everyone does a shoulder shrug, a gesture signifying that the person is not comprehending what they are supposed to be understanding. Also, that showing the palms of both hands to show a person is not hiding anything, and raising the eyebrows to indicate a greeting.
789:" in order to communicate with others. These home signs were not part of a unified language but were still used as familiar motions and expressions used within their familyâstill closely related to language rather than gestures with no specific structure.
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For instance, on the U.S. Army recruitment poster of Uncle Sam, he is pointing and sending a non-verbal form of gesture by implying he wants the viewer to join the U.S. Army. This is a form of symbolic gesture, usually used in the absence of speech.
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These gestures are closely coordinated with speech. The so-called beat gestures are used in conjunction with speech and keep time with the rhythm of speech to emphasize certain words or phrases. These types of gestures are integrally connected to
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in verbal speech. Unlike symbolic and deictic gestures, beat gestures cannot occur independently of verbal speech and convey no semantic information. For example, some people wave their hands as they speak to emphasize a certain word or phrase.
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to describe mountains) whereas more metaphorical gestures clearly contain some spatial relation to the semantic content of the co-occurring verbal speech, but the relationship between the gesture and the speech might be more ambiguous.
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A common religious gesture include crossing oneself in a number of religions as a sign of respect, typically by kneeling before a sacred object in many. Gestures play a central role in religious or spiritual rituals such as the
989:"for the comparable pairing of sound and meaning as voluntary control over the vocal apparatus was established and spoken language evolved". As a result, it underlies both symbolic gesture and spoken language in the present
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Within the realm of communicative gestures, the first distinction to be made is between gestures made with the hands and arms, and gestures made with other parts of the body. Examples of Non-manual gestures may include head
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Additionally, when people use gestures, there is a certain shared background knowledge. Different cultures use similar gestures when talking about a specific action such as how we gesture the idea of drinking out of a cup.
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VASC, Dermina, and Thea IONESCU. "Embodying
Cognition: Gestures And Their Role In The Development Of Thinking." Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior 17.2 (2013): 149â150. Academic Search Complete.
856:, "a light, quick handshake is common. To offer a strong, pumping handshake would be considered uncultured. When one enters a room, be sure to greet each person present. A woman in France will offer her hand first."
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wrote five works exploring human communications pertaining to gestures. Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and provided a guide under his book named
Chirologia which focused on hand gestures. In the 19th century,
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dense blending of icons, indices, and symbols and by a complexity of phenomenological characteristics, such as feelings, actual actions, general concepts, and habits (firstness, secondness, and thirdness in
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A gesture that is a form of communication in which bodily actions communicate particular messages. Manual gestures are most commonly broken down into four distinct categories: Symbolic (Emblematic),
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Symbolic gestures can occur either concurrently or independently of vocal speech. Symbolic gestures are iconic gestures that are widely recognized, fixed, and have conventionalized meanings.
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Finger gestures are commonly used in a variety of ways, from point at something to indicate that you want to show a person something to indicating a thumbs up to show everything is good.
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that allows visual cues that transmit messages without speaking. Gestures are movement that are made with the body: arms, hands, facial, etc. Authors
Barbara Pease and Allan Pease, of "
511:'s idea of "means without ends" to think about political projects of social justice that are incomplete, partial, and legibile within culturally and socially defined spheres of meaning.
835:, "the Western custom of shaking a person's hand upon introduction has become widespread throughout the country. However, oftentimes a nod of the head or a slight bow will suffice."
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and draws on Noland and Muñoz to investigate how gesture functions in queer sexual practices as a way to rewrite gender and negotiate power relations. She also connects gesture to
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cognitive purpose in aiding in lexical access and retrieval or verbal working memory. Most recent research suggests that lexical gestures serve a primarily socio-pragmatic role.
945:, the gesture of discussion and transmission of Buddhist teaching. It is done by joining the tips of the thumb and the index together, while keeping the other fingers straight.
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621:, among others. Non-manual gestures are attested in languages all around the world, but have not been the primary focus of most research regarding co-speech gesture.
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are not used to intensify or modify the speech produced by the vocal tract, rather they communicate fully productive language through a method alternative to the
828:, "a firm handshake, accompanied by direct eye contact, is the standard greeting. Direct eye contact in both social and business situations is very important."
333:. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
1892:
Krauss, Robert M.; Chen, Yihsiu; Chawla, Purnima (1996). "Nonverbal Behavior and Nonverbal Communication: What do Conversational Hand Gestures Tell Us?".
923:, literally "seal") is a symbolic gesture made with the hand or fingers. Each mudra has a specific meaning, playing a central role in Hindu and Buddhist
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Models and applications for educators, speech-language pathologists, psychologists, caregivers, and users
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1086:, says gesture is a pure means without purpose, as an intermediate form between the doing of praxis and that of poiesis. In an opposite spirit,
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Holler, Judith; et al. (2012). "It's On the Tip of My Fingers: Co-speech Gestures During Lexical Retrieval in Different Social Contexts".
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Deictic gestures can occur simultaneously with vocal speech or in place of it. Deictic gestures are gestures that consist of indicative or
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who studied in his Institutio Oratoria on how gesture can be used on rhetorical discourses. One of his greatest works and foundation for
985:). It has been suggested that these parts of the brain originally supported the pairing of gesture and meaning and then were adapted in
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to articulate his interest not in what queer gestures might mean, but what they might perform. Juana MarĂa RodrĂguez borrows ideas of
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282760416_Gesture_sign_and_language_The_coming_of_age_of_sign_language_and_gesture_studies
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Wollock, J (2002). "John Bulwer (1606â1656) and the significance of gesture in 17th-century theories of language and cognition".
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Willems, Roel M.; Hagoort, Peter (2007). "Neural Evidence for the Interplay between Language, Gesture, and Action: A Review".
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Parrill, Fey; Sweetser, Eve (2004). "What We Mean by Meaning: Conceptual Integration in Gesture Analysis and Transcription".
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uses the idea of gesture to mark a kind of refusal of finitude and certainty and links gesture to his ideas of ephemera.
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849:, "it is impolite to shake someone's hand with your other hand in your pocket. This is seen as a sign of disrespect".
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discusses emblematic gestures made with one hand, two hands, hand and other body parts, and body and facial gestures.
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when they speak. Gesticulation and speech work independently of each other, but join to provide emphasis and meaning.
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The following gestures are examples of proper etiquette with respect to different countries' customs on salutations:
321:. Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate specific messages, such as purely
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Because of this connection of co-speech gesturesâa form of manual actionâin language in the brain, Roel Willems and
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from an earlier system consisting of manual gestures. The theory that language evolved from manual gestures, termed
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Hoste, L. & Signer, B. (2014) "Criteria, Challenges and Opportunities for Gesture Programming Languages" In
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Mayberry, Rachel I. (December 2000). "Gesture Reflects Language Development: Evidence from Bilingual Children".
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When an individual makes a gesture, another person can understand because of recognition of the actions/shapes.
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Some gestures are near universals, i.e., found all over the world with only some exceptions. An example is the
372:, and has been revived by contemporary anthropologist Gordon W. Hewes, in 1973, as part of a discussion on the
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motions. These gestures often work in the same way as demonstrative words and pronouns like "this" or "that".
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640:, even though sign language is communicative and primarily produced using the hands, because the gestures in
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in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with,
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Motor or beat gestures usually consist of short, repetitive, rhythmic movements that are closely tied with
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Meltzoff, A. N.; Moore, M. K. (1977-10-07). "Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates".
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Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Engineering Gestures for Multimodal Interfaces (EGMI 2014)
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Axtell, R. (1993). Worldsmart: Gestures around the world. World Smart Resource Center, Retrieved from
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operate as complete natural languages that are gestural in modality. They should not be confused with
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Agamben G., Karman. Breve trattato sull'azione, la colpa e il gesto, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2017
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Manual gesture in the sense of communicative co-speech gesture does not include the gesture-signs of
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Corballis, Michael (2010). ""The gestural origins of language." © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd".
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Krauss, Robert M.; et al. (2001). "Lexical Gestures and Lexical Access: A Process Model".
1685:. Ed. Carrie Noland and Sally Ann Ness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. p. x.
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Muñoz, Jose Esteban (2001). "Gesture, Ephemera and Queer Feeling: Approaching Kevin Aviance."
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Axtell, R. (1993). Do's and taboos around the world. (3rd ed., p. 116). Wiley. Retrieved from
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RodrĂguez, Juana MarĂa (2007). "Gesture and Utterance Fragments from a Butch-Femme Archive."
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Lippit, Akira Mizuta (2008). "Digesture: Gesture and Inscription in Experimental Cinema."
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Maddalena G. (2015). The philosophy of gesture. Montreal: McGillâQueenâs University Press.
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Corballis, Michael (JanuaryâFebruary 2005). "The gestural origins of language".
45:"Gestures" and "Talking with your hands" redirect here. For the rock group, see
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and other movements. Gestures play a major role in many aspects of human life.
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cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive. The page
468:. The International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS) was founded in 2002.
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Tipper, Christine M.; Signorini, Giulia; Grafton, Scott T. (2015-08-21).
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Gestures have been studied throughout time from different philosophers.
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Kita, S (2003). Pointing: Where Language, Culture and Cognition Meet.
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and idiosyncratic gestures are replaced by socially regulated signs".
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was created in Nicaragua after the 1970s, deaf Nicaraguans would use "
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3562:
3132:
3094:
3089:
2854:
2809:
2799:
2784:
2674:
A Companion to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Studies
861:
786:
414:
326:
279:
487:, as a way to think about how the moving body gains social meaning.
233:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
102:
3967:
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3165:
3155:
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3079:
2834:
2819:
2754:
2749:
2072:
McNeill (1992). Hand and Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
1124:
920:
910:
906:
695:
392:
360:. In fact, language is thought by some scholars to have evolved in
2199:
1670:
Agency and Embodiment : Performing Gestures/producing Culture
1368:(1982). "The study of gesture: Some observations on its history".
1335:
1292:
4221:
3180:
3175:
2995:
2975:
2950:
2935:
2925:
2839:
1672:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2009. p. 2.
846:
2693:
2342:"Individual differences in the gesture effect on working memory"
368:, dates back to the work of 18th-century philosopher and priest
4195:
3940:
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combined with other manual signs according to specific rules".
1036:
954:
890:
853:
630:
599:
353:
306:
286:
2000:
Black, Roxie M (2011). "Cultural Considerations of Hand Use".
664:
use hand and body gestures to direct flight operations aboard
3416:
3375:
2960:
2945:
2910:
2814:
2744:
2268:
http://www.globalbusinessleadership.com/gestures_overview.asp
2186:
Corballis, M. C. (2010). "The gestural origins of language".
1640:
1159:
1154:
915:
865:
839:
832:
614:
344:
Gesture processing takes place in areas of the brain such as
2639:
Agency and Embodiment: Performing Gestures/Producing Culture
2621:
Dancing Desires: Choreographing Sexualities on and off Stage
2054:, Collett, Peter, Marsh, Peter, O'Shaughnessy, Marie. 1979.
1220:
Xu, J; Gannon, PJ; Emmorey, K; Smith, JF; Braun, AR (2009).
2824:
2699:
2152:
338:
314:
310:
747:
Studies affirm a strong link between gesture typology and
2681:
Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings
2552:(2004). Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance. Cambridge:
2036:
Why do we shake our heads? On the origin of the headshake
1709:
Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings
953:
Gestures are processed in the same areas of the brain as
3951:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
2517:(1644). Chirologia: or the Natural Language of the Hand.
437:
published an extensive account of gesture expressions.
2627:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 423â442.
1927:
495:
specifically draws on the African-American dancer and
2641:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
2632:
Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
1696:
Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity
572:
548:
any language being produced by the person gesturing.
2644:
Noland, Carrie, and Sally Ann Ness, editors (2008).
2302:
1894:
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Volume 28
1469:
Gesture in Naples and Gesture in Classical Antiquity
1219:
2339:
127:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2279:
1641:"International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS)"
1562:Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought
4246:
1891:
1449:Chirologia: or the Naturall Language of the Hand
1054:It can be recorded using kinematic methodology.
633:(Indexical), Motor (Beat), and Lexical (Iconic)
533:meaning and communication in co-speech gesture.
527:
2651:
1622:ISGS: International Society for Gesture Studies
379:
2380:
2153:Fernandez, Eva M.; Helen Smith Cairns (2011).
3453:
2715:
2648:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
2440:
1507:
596:form of submissive gesture to signify "Yes".
2596:, Montreal: McGillâQueenâs University Press.
1698:. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
1618:"A brief history of the origins of the ISGS"
600:Manual vs. non-manual communicative gestures
3467:
2087:Current Directions in Psychological Science
2080:
2078:
90:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3460:
3446:
2722:
2708:
2340:Marstaller, Lars; BurianovĂĄ, Hana (2013).
2068:
2066:
2064:
27:Form of non-verbal/non-vocal communication
3978:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
2694:International Society for Gesture Studies
2402:
2357:
2185:
1963:
1945:
1849:
1773:
1747:
1321:
1278:
1255:
1245:
1198:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
551:
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
187:Learn how and when to remove this message
3846:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
2303:Iverson, Jana M.; Esther Thelen (2005).
2084:
2075:
2056:Gestures, their origins and distribution
1748:Gillespie, Maureen; et al. (2014).
1462:
1190:
1188:
1186:
889:
860:Gestures are also a means to initiate a
758:
655:
651:
555:
536:
518:
278:
3913:
2481:. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing Inc.
2061:
1826:"Gesture for Linguists: A Handy Primer"
1558:
1415:
1370:Recherches SĂ©miotiques/Semiotic Inquiry
1016:
742:
433:who considered a lot of research about
14:
4247:
2634:. New York: New York University Press.
2603:(2005). Gesture and Thought. Chicago:
2476:
2127:
1819:
1817:
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1813:
1811:
1799:
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796:
689:
475:Gesture has also been taken up within
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3708:High-context and low-context cultures
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2696:devoted to the study of human gesture
2450:Augmentative Communication News (ACN)
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1183:
1057:
4057:Computer processing of body language
3835:
2130:Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance
1988:The Definitive Book of Body Language
1824:Abner, Natasha; et al. (2015).
1215:
1213:
1211:
1196:Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance
583:The Definitive Book of Body Language
198:
125:adding citations to reliable sources
96:
55:
4072:List of facial expression databases
4062:Emotion recognition in conversation
3044:Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)
2255:Bodytalk: a World Guide to Gestures
1808:
813:Gestures, commonly referred to as "
725:
309:. Gestures include movement of the
24:
2507:
2427:
2222:
2132:. UK: Cambridge University Press.
2121:
1918:
1896:. Vol. 28. pp. 389â450.
1866:
1790:
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1714:
1638:
1615:
624:
573:Body language relating to gestures
25:
4266:
3956:Childhood disintegrative disorder
2687:
2346:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
2157:Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics
1986:Pease, Allan, and Barbara Pease.
1208:
754:
71:This article has multiple issues.
2312:Journal of Consciousness Studies
1830:Language and Linguistics Compass
1802:Language and Cognitive Processes
1681:Noland, Carrie. "Introduction."
1388:"Quintilian | Roman rhetorician"
203:
101:
60:
49:. For the form of language, see
2679:RodrĂguez, Juana MarĂa (2014).
2494:
2485:
2470:
2459:from the original on 2017-02-22
2374:
2333:
2296:
2260:
2244:
2179:
2146:
2045:
2028:
1993:
1980:
1934:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
1885:
1766:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.03.012
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1651:from the original on 2016-10-11
1632:
1609:
1598:from the original on 2015-05-01
1580:
1569:from the original on 2018-12-05
1565:. University of Chicago Press.
1552:
1501:
1490:from the original on 2012-09-20
1398:from the original on 2018-09-06
802:function as a way to interpret
704:
112:needs additional citations for
79:or discuss these issues on the
30:For gestures in computing, see
3480:
2404:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-198D-E
1456:
1436:
1409:
1380:
1358:
1315:
1272:
885:
13:
1:
3039:Three-finger salute (Serbian)
1902:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60241-5
1176:
1074:
864:. This may include elaborate
763:A 1918 picture dictionary of
528:Communicative vs. informative
2729:
2630:Muñoz, José Esteban (2009).
2592:Maddalena, Giovanni (2015).
2452:. Vol. 13, no. 1.
1711:. New York: NYU Press, 2014.
948:
560:U.S. Army recruitment poster
380:Research throughout the ages
7:
3973:Nonverbal learning disorder
3551:Speech-independent gestures
3524:Facial Action Coding System
2605:University of Chicago Press
2571:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2395:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.03.004
2161:. Wiley-Blackwell. p.
1102:
770:Gestural languages such as
577:Body language is a form of
483:and their intersections in
229:the claims made and adding
10:
4271:
3713:Interpersonal relationship
3514:Body-to-body communication
2554:Cambridge University Press
1020:
833:People's Republic of China
671:
386:Marcus Fabius Quintilianus
44:
29:
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4111:
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3004:
2873:
2737:
2594:The Philosophy of Gesture
2359:10.3758/s13423-012-0365-0
2014:10.1016/j.jht.2010.09.067
1092:The philosophy of gesture
783:established sign language
406:A study done in 1644, by
4128:Behavioral communication
2527:Harvard University Press
1947:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00450
1707:RodrĂguez, Juana MarĂa.
1474:Indiana University Press
1226:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
975:superior temporal sulcus
565:communicative gestures.
317:, or other parts of the
299:non-verbal communication
40:Gesture (disambiguation)
3568:Interpersonal synchrony
3469:Nonverbal communication
3422:Nonverbal communication
3206:Thumb/index-finger ring
3128:Chinese number gestures
2830:Liberian snap handshake
2637:Noland, Carrie (2009).
2305:"Hand, Mouth and Brain"
2099:10.1111/1467-8721.00092
2002:Journal of Hand Therapy
1392:Encyclopedia Britannica
1281:WIREs Cognitive Science
1247:10.1073/pnas.0909197106
979:superior temporal gyrus
882:or European paintings.
722:and thought processes.
579:nonverbal communication
36:Pointing device gesture
4165:Monastic sign lexicons
3856:Emotional intelligence
2683:. New York: NYU Press.
2666:10.1075/gest.4.2.05par
2441:Blackstone, S (2000).
2257:. Jonathan Cape, 1995.
2034:Bross, Fabian (2020):
1530:10.1126/science.897687
1430:10.1075/gest.2.2.06wol
963:inferior frontal gyrus
902:
772:American Sign Language
767:
765:American Sign Language
669:
561:
552:Communicative (active)
290:
38:. For other uses, see
4155:Impression management
3402:Articulatory gestures
3034:Scout sign and salute
2128:Kendon, Adam (2004).
1694:Muñoz, José Esteban.
1194:Kendon, Adam. (2004)
1145:Rock, Paper, Scissors
971:middle temporal gyrus
893:
762:
659:
652:Symbolic (emblematic)
559:
537:Informative (passive)
519:Typology (categories)
458:University of Chicago
282:
4170:Verbal communication
4123:Animal communication
4041:Targeted advertising
3558:Haptic communication
3412:Manual communication
3073:Celebratory gestures
2646:Migration of Gesture
2587:Migration of Gesture
1683:Migration of Gesture
1140:Posture (psychology)
1120:Haptic communication
1017:Electronic interface
969:) and the posterior
749:language development
743:Language development
352:, which are used by
121:improve this article
4179:Non-verbal language
4067:Gesture recognition
3914:Further information
3804:Emotion recognition
3755:Silent service code
2874:Gestures of respect
2477:Loncke, F. (2013).
2042:, 19(2/3). 269â299.
1594:. Benjamins. 2016.
1559:McNeill, D (1992).
1522:1977Sci...198...75M
1238:2009PNAS..10620664X
1232:(49): 20664â20669.
1099:'s phenomenology).
1049:video game consoles
1035:popularised by the
1023:Gesture recognition
797:Social significance
690:Deictic (indexical)
485:performance studies
422:natural philosopher
401:Institutio Oratoria
32:Gesture recognition
4205:Art and literature
4160:Meta-communication
4148:Passive-aggressive
4077:Sentiment analysis
3778:Non-verbal leakage
2383:Brain and Language
2273:2017-03-11 at the
2238:2015-09-24 at the
1878:. Available from:
1842:10.1111/lnc3.12168
1645:gesturestudies.com
1616:MĂŒller, Cornelia.
1088:Giovanni Maddalena
1058:Kendon's continuum
1041:movement detection
903:
768:
670:
615:shoulder shrugging
562:
489:José Esteban Muñoz
441:Andrew N. Meltzoff
374:origin of language
291:
214:possibly contains
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
3936:Asperger syndrome
3904:
3903:
3886:Social competence
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3628:Emotional prosody
3534:Subtle expression
3519:Facial expression
3435:
3434:
3381:Sign of the cross
3341:Hand-in-waistcoat
3201:Sign of the horns
3049:Two-finger salute
2738:Friendly gestures
2443:"Gestures in AAC"
2321:on 4 October 2013
1097:Charles S. Peirce
961:such as the left
936:sign of the cross
880:Indian Miniatures
666:aircraft carriers
619:facial expression
448:, a professor of
370:Abbé de Condillac
329:, or displays of
277:
276:
269:
259:
258:
251:
216:original research
197:
196:
189:
171:
94:
16:(Redirected from
4262:
4116:
4115:
4093:Ray Birdwhistell
3921:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3836:Broader concepts
3832:
3831:
3809:First impression
3490:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3397:List of gestures
3239:Talk to the hand
3148:Obscene gestures
2896:Canonical digits
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2669:
2523:Goldin-Meadow, S
2501:
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2314:. Archived from
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1673:
1668:Noland, Carrie.
1666:
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1659:
1657:
1656:
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1630:
1629:
1624:. Archived from
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1588:"Gesture Issues"
1584:
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1319:
1313:
1312:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1217:
1206:
1192:
1170:Enactment effect
1130:List of gestures
726:Lexical (iconic)
681:List of gestures
674:List of gestures
350:Wernicke's areas
272:
265:
254:
247:
243:
240:
234:
231:inline citations
207:
206:
199:
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185:
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129:
105:
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86:
64:
63:
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21:
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4243:
4226:
4217:Mimoplastic art
4200:
4191:Tactile signing
4174:
4107:
4081:
4045:
4009:
3982:
3915:
3900:
3876:Social behavior
3837:
3818:
3782:
3773:Microexpression
3759:
3743:One-bit message
3722:
3674:
3609:
3529:Microexpression
3484:
3471:
3466:
3436:
3431:
3385:
3311:Distress signal
3306:Crossed fingers
3286:Allergic salute
3269:
3243:
3215:
3191:Reversed V sign
3142:
3120:Finger-counting
3114:
3068:
3000:
2869:
2733:
2728:
2690:
2510:
2508:Further reading
2505:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2490:
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2324:
2322:
2318:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2275:Wayback Machine
2265:
2261:
2251:Morris, Desmond
2249:
2245:
2240:Wayback Machine
2230:
2223:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2151:
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2083:
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2071:
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2052:Morris, Desmond
2050:
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2029:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1926:
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1836:(11): 437â449.
1822:
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1516:(4312): 74â78.
1506:
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1484:
1461:
1457:
1441:
1437:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
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1359:
1320:
1316:
1277:
1273:
1218:
1209:
1193:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1135:Musical gesture
1105:
1080:Giorgio Agamben
1077:
1060:
1025:
1019:
987:human evolution
983:Wernicke's area
951:
888:
808:sexual identity
799:
776:finger spelling
757:
745:
728:
707:
692:
676:
662:air marshallers
654:
627:
625:Manual gestures
602:
575:
554:
539:
530:
521:
509:Giorgio Agamben
466:Cornelia MĂŒller
427:Andrea De Jorio
382:
366:Gestural Theory
337:in addition to
331:joint attention
287:waving his hand
273:
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4109:
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4106:
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4098:Charles Darwin
4095:
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3794:Affect display
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3680:Social context
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3588:Pupil dilation
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3318:
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3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Awkward turtle
3293:
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3274:Other gestures
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3161:Bras d'honneur
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2688:External links
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2660:(2): 197â219.
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2545:. Rome, Italy.
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2352:(3): 496â500.
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2188:WIREs Cogn Sci
2178:
2172:978-1405191470
2171:
2145:
2139:978-0521835251
2138:
2120:
2093:(6): 192â196.
2074:
2060:
2058:. London. Cape
2044:
2027:
2008:(2): 104â111.
1992:
1990:, 2006. Print.
1979:
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1911:978-0120152285
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1884:
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1760:(2): 174â180.
1737:
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1639:Andrén, Mats.
1631:
1628:on 2016-10-11.
1608:
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1500:
1483:978-0253215062
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1324:WIREs Cogn Sci
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1082:, in the book
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1045:motion capture
1021:Main article:
1018:
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947:
943:Vitarka Vicara
901:, 9th century.
895:Vitarka Vicara
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829:
806:, gender, and
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4031:Freudian slip
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4026:Lie detection
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4005:Mirror neuron
4003:
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3997:
3996:Limbic system
3994:
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3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
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3961:Rett syndrome
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3891:Social skills
3889:
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3866:People skills
3864:
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3851:Communication
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3787:Multi-faceted
3785:
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3698:Display rules
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3668:Voice quality
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3505:Body language
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3427:Sign language
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3408:
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3400:
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3371:Pollice verso
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3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
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3292:
3291:Aussie salute
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3279:
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3258:
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3171:Middle finger
3169:
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3164:
3162:
3159:
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3153:
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3149:
3145:
3139:
3138:Finger binary
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Victory clasp
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Crossed hands
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3064:Zogist salute
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Vulcan salute
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
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3017:
3015:
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3011:
3009:
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3003:
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2989:
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2813:
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2801:
2798:
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2790:Forehead kiss
2788:
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1592:benjamins.com
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1002:Peter Hagoort
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862:mating ritual
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505:phenomenology
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303:communication
301:or non-vocal
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51:Sign language
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4021:Cold reading
4014:Applications
3988:Neuroanatomy
3633:Paralanguage
3540:
3407:Hand signals
3361:Merkel-Raute
3346:Hand rubbing
3316:Duterte fist
3248:Head motions
3029:Roman salute
2916:Genuflection
2886:Añjali MudrÄ
2865:Thumb signal
2780:Finger heart
2730:
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2625:Jane Desmond
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1007:Broca's area
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967:Broca's area
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362:Homo sapiens
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284:Shin Soohyun
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131:
119:Please help
114:verification
111:
87:
80:
74:
73:Please help
70:
47:The Gestures
4000:Limbic lobe
3765:Unconscious
3748:Missed call
3718:Social norm
3693:Conventions
3583:Eye contact
3336:Gang signal
3321:Eyelid pull
3255:Head bobble
3186:Nazi salute
3059:Wolf salute
3024:Raised fist
3019:Nazi salute
2971:Prostration
2850:Pinky swear
2775:Eskimo kiss
2389:(3): 14â6.
1464:de Jorio, A
1376:(1): 45â62.
1090:introduced
1043:and visual
1039:, physical
1033:multi-touch
991:human brain
925:iconography
899:Tarim Basin
886:In religion
646:vocal tract
462:Adam Kendon
450:linguistics
431:antiquarian
429:an Italian
408:John Bulwer
393:Rhetorician
289:in greeting
4133:Aggressive
4103:Paul Ekman
4086:Key people
4050:Technology
4036:Poker tell
3881:Social cue
3688:Chronemics
3638:Intonation
3482:Modalities
3356:Laban sign
3351:Jazz hands
3331:Finger gun
3281:Air quotes
3260:Head shake
2986:Schwurhand
2795:Hand heart
2770:Elbow bump
2760:Cheek kiss
2613:0226514625
2601:McNeill, D
2579:0805840141
2562:0521542936
2535:0674018370
2463:2016-03-06
2194:(1): 2â7.
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1655:2016-10-11
1602:2016-10-11
1573:2018-12-05
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1330:(1): 2â7.
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1204:0521835259
1177:References
1110:Chironomia
1075:Philosophy
1047:, used in
787:home signs
781:Before an
593:head shake
499:performer
497:drag queen
454:psychology
417:and early
325:displays,
323:expressive
223:improve it
147:newspapers
76:improve it
4138:Assertive
3946:Fragile X
3931:Aprosodia
3924:Disorders
3871:Semiotics
3799:Deception
3605:Proxemics
3595:Olfaction
3578:Oculesics
3563:Imitation
3301:Che vuoi?
3133:Chisanbop
3095:High five
3090:Fist pump
2921:Hand-kiss
2855:Pound hug
2810:High five
2805:Hand wave
2800:Handshake
2785:Fist bump
2550:Kendon, A
2515:Bulwer, J
2325:1 October
1956:1662-5161
1754:Cognition
1538:0036-8075
1466:(2002) .
1452:. London.
1444:Bulwer, J
1366:Kendon, A
1013:system".
949:Neurology
933:Christian
660:Military
415:physician
399:was the "
327:proxemics
239:June 2009
227:verifying
177:June 2009
136:"Gesture"
82:talk page
4255:Gestures
4249:Category
3968:Dyssemia
3814:Intimacy
3734:Emoticon
3643:Loudness
3573:Laughter
3509:Kinesics
3500:Blushing
3493:Physical
3366:Pointing
3326:Facepalm
3166:Fig sign
3156:Anasyrma
3100:Low five
3080:Applause
2835:Lip kiss
2820:ILY sign
2755:Applause
2750:Air kiss
2731:Gestures
2454:Archived
2421:14874308
2413:17416411
2368:23288659
2271:Archived
2236:Archived
2216:22492422
2208:26272832
2115:36634267
2107:20182668
2022:21109395
1974:26347635
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1352:22492422
1344:26272832
1309:22492422
1301:26272832
1266:19923436
1125:Kinesics
1103:See also
921:Sanskrit
911:Buddhism
907:Hinduism
696:pointing
419:Baconian
18:Gestures
4222:Subtext
4143:Passive
4112:Related
3703:Habitus
3648:Prosody
3600:Posture
3541:Gesture
3390:Related
3196:Shocker
3181:Mountza
3176:Mooning
3006:Salutes
2996:Zolgokh
2976:Sampeah
2966:PranÄma
2951:Namaste
2936:Kuji-in
2926:Hat tip
2840:Namaste
2654:Gesture
2040:Gesture
1965:4543892
1940:: 450.
1851:4721265
1775:4066192
1518:Bibcode
1510:Science
1418:Gesture
1257:2779203
1234:Bibcode
847:Germany
831:In the
824:In the
711:prosody
631:Deictic
611:shaking
607:nodding
456:at the
412:English
346:Broca's
295:gesture
221:Please
161:scholar
4196:Tadoma
3941:Autism
3896:Unsaid
3861:Nunchi
3738:Smiley
3658:Stress
3653:Rhythm
3623:Affect
3615:Speech
3417:Mudras
3229:Akanbe
3221:Taunts
3211:Wanker
3110:V sign
2981:Sembah
2931:Kowtow
2901:Curtsy
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955:speech
866:dances
854:France
804:ethnic
720:speech
617:, and
388:was a
354:speech
307:speech
163:
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3376:Shrug
3234:Loser
2961:Orans
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2860:Shaka
2815:Hongi
2745:Aegyo
2457:(PDF)
2446:(PDF)
2417:S2CID
2319:(PDF)
2308:(PDF)
2212:S2CID
2111:S2CID
2103:JSTOR
1348:S2CID
1305:S2CID
1160:Orans
1155:Taunt
1029:touch
916:mudra
840:Japan
493:Muñoz
390:Roman
339:words
311:hands
168:JSTOR
154:books
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3663:Tone
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2881:Adab
2825:Kiss
2609:ISBN
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2409:PMID
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2327:2013
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1200:ISBN
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2354:doi
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2010:doi
1960:PMC
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