718:
49:
390:
398:
694:
brother-in-law Betto, and Zita's nephew
Rinuccio. Betto mentions a rumour he has heard that Buoso has left everything to a monastery; this disturbs the others and precipitates a frantic search for the will. The document is found by Rinuccio, who is confident that his uncle has left him plenty of money. He withholds the will momentarily and asks Zita to allow him to marry Lauretta, daughter of Gianni Schicchi, a newcomer to Florence. Zita replies that if Buoso has left them rich, he can marry whom he pleases; she and the other relatives are anxious to begin reading the will. A happy Rinuccio sends little Gherardino to fetch Schicchi and Lauretta.
310:, but is put off doing so by his son, Simone. Once it is too late, Simone fears that Buoso, before his illness, may have made a will unfavourable to him. Simone calls on Schicchi for advice, and Schicchi has the idea of impersonating Buoso and making a new will. Simone promises Schicchi he will be well rewarded, but Schicchi takes no chances, "leaving" a considerable sum and Buoso's mule to himself (though most goes to Simone), and makes the bequests conditional on Simone's distributing the estate within fifteen days, otherwise everything will go to charity.
1768:
732:("Run to the notary"); having established in the doctor's mind that Buoso is still alive, Schicchi will disguise himself as Buoso and dictate a new will. All are delighted with the scheme, and importune Schicchi with personal requests for Buoso's various possessions, the most treasured of which are "the mule, the house and the mills at Signa". A funeral bell rings, and everyone fears that the news of Buoso's death has emerged, but it turns out that the bell is tolling for the death of a neighbour's
960:
5601:
4199:
4210:
5629:
760:, as there is no bar to their marriage since Schicchi can now provide a respectable dowry. Schicchi, returning, stands moved at the sight of the two lovers. He turns to the audience and asks them to agree that no better use could be found for Buoso's wealth: although the poet Dante has condemned him to hell for this trick, Schicchi asks the audience to forgive him in light of "extenuating circumstances."
1678:, and a short, formal woodwind statement that represents Donati's will. Rinuccio sings the name "Gianni Schicchi" to a jaunty four-note phrase which becomes Schicchi's personal motif, and it is heard again as Schicchi knocks on the door before his first appearance. The best-known theme in the opera, that associated with Lauretta, is introduced in the second part of Rinuccio's aria
704:("You're mistaken"), after which Schicchi and Lauretta arrive. Schicchi quickly grasps the situation, and Rinuccio begs him for help, but Schicchi is rudely told by Zita to "be off" and take his daughter with him. Rinuccio and Lauretta listen in despair as Schicchi announces that he will have nothing to do with such people. Lauretta makes a final plea to him with
1724:, as both are masterpieces of operatic comedy from composers more usually associated with tragedy. Both composers took the conventions of comic opera into consideration, choosing a baritone for the principal role, setting the tenor-soprano love story against family opposition to the marriage, and constructing a hoax that permits the happy ending.
840:, although he did not wholly abandon the idea of a multiple-opera evening. His next idea in this vein, some years later, was for a two-opera bill, one tragic and one comic; he later expanded this to include a third opera with a mystic or religious tone. By November 1916 Puccini had completed the "tragic" element, which became
1700:) as Schicchi mulls over the will, constitute interruptions in the Romantic style, delivered during a lengthy sequence of non-Romantic music. Another interruption, both dramatically and musically, is that provided by the appearance of Doctor Spinelloccio. The doctor's dissonant harmonies contrast sharply with the
1666:
Puccini's score is built around a series of motifs that recur through the opera, generally representing characters, situations and moods though sometimes without specific associations. The opening motif is a rapid burst of rhythmic music, described by
Greenfield as of "almost Stravinskian sharpness",
1219:
together with a
Russian ballet presentation. Puccini retorted, "This is a real betrayal", but in the end gave in and permitted the performance. Puccini, however, was still convinced that the three works should be performed together and that his original conception was being "brutally torn to pieces".
697:
As they read, the relatives' worst fears are soon realised; Buoso has indeed bequeathed his fortune to the monastery. They break out in woe and indignation and turn to Simone, the oldest present and a former mayor of
Fucecchio, but he can offer no help. Rinuccio suggests that only Gianni Schicchi can
750:
The notary arrives, and
Schicchi starts to dictate the new will, declaring any prior will null and void. To general satisfaction, he allocates the minor bequests, but when it comes to the mule, the house and the mills, he orders that these be left to "my devoted friend Gianni Schicchi". Incredulous,
256:
became an immediate hit, while the other two operas were received with less enthusiasm. This pattern was broadly repeated at the Rome and London premieres and led to commercial pressures to abandon the less successful elements. Although on artistic grounds
Puccini opposed performing the three operas
935:
With the trilogy complete, Puccini had to decide on a place for the premiere. In 1918, travel was risky and uncertain. Puccini received an offer from Buenos Aires which he refused, unwilling to have so complex a work first performed overseas in his absence. He finally agreed that the premiere could
1693:
Budden dismisses the view that
Lauretta's aria, at the midpoint of the opera, was a concession to popular taste; rather, "its position at the turning point of the action is precisely calculated to provide a welcome moment of lyrical repose". Andrew Davis, in his book on Puccini's late style, notes
911:
In fact, Puccini was at first less than enthusiastic about the idea for this comic opera – Florence as a setting did not appeal to him, and he feared the public would have little interest in the subject. However, he soon became interested and did some work on the piece even while composing
725:
First, Schicchi establishes that no one other than those present knows that Buoso is dead. He then orders the body removed to another room. A knock announces the arrival of the doctor, Spinelloccio. Schicchi conceals himself behind the bed curtains, mimics Buoso's voice, and declares that he is
1110:, and left the performance after the first curtain. This caused a rift in his relationship with Puccini, who stated that he would not allow "this god" to conduct the London premiere, though the two were later reconciled. At the Rome premiere, the part of Rinuccio was sung by the Canadian tenor
693:
The story takes place in
Florence, 1299. As Buoso Donati lies dead in his curtained four-poster bed, his relatives gather round to mourn his passing, but are really more interested in learning the contents of his will. Among those present are his cousins Zita and Simone, his poor-relation
210:
Puccini had long considered writing a set of one-act operas which would be performed together in a single evening, but faced with a lack of suitable subjects and opposition from his publisher, he repeatedly put the project aside. However, by 1916 Puccini had completed the one-act tragedy
751:
the family can do nothing while the lawyer is present, especially when
Schicchi slyly reminds them of the penalties that discovery of the ruse will bring. Their outrage when the notary leaves is accompanied by a frenzy of looting as Schicchi chases them out of what is now his house.
1711:
has written that in this opera
Puccini's comic skill is "seen at its most spontaneous, incorporating smoothly all the characteristic harmonic devices of his later period." Greenfield remarks on the score's inventiveness, imagination and flawless timing. Several critics have likened
1786:
1610:
gave a positive review to the Woody Allen 2008 production, which is set in a crowded tenement in which the boy Gherardino is practising knife thrusts. However, the critic questioned Allen's altered ending, in which Schicchi is stabbed by Zita as he addresses the audience.
291:
Canto XXX. In that canto, Dante visits the Circle of Impersonators and sees a man savagely attacking another: he is told that the attacker is Schicchi, condemned to Hell for impersonating Buoso Donati and making Donati's will highly favorable to Schicchi.
1564:
advance quite startling elements of novelty. Nothing that contemporary art has produced escapes the studious and astute Giacomo Puccini." Gasco also stated that while many critics were waiting for the first two operas with their fists drawn,
313:
Both Schicchi and Buoso Donati were historical characters. Dante's verses, and the opera, are based on an actual incident that took place in 13th century Florence. Dante had several reasons for his harsh treatment of Schicchi: Dante's wife,
1526:
considered the opera to be "a rollicking, madcap scherzo, overflowing with merry deviltries ... And the last shall be first." Huneker praised De Luca as "a most engaging rascal, fit for a minor niche in Moliere's gallery". The
714:("Oh, my dear papa"), and he agrees to look at the will. After twice scrutinizing it and concluding that nothing can be done, an idea occurs to him. He sends his daughter outside so that she will be innocent of what is to follow.
736:
servant. The relatives agree to leave the disposition of the mule, the house and the mills to Schicchi, though each, in turn, offers him a bribe. The women help him to change into Buoso's clothes as they sing the lyrical trio
698:
advise them what to do, but this is scorned by Zita and the rest, who sneer at Schicchi's humble origins and now say that marriage to the daughter of such a peasant is out of the question. Rinuccio defends Schicchi in an aria
1784:
1750:
Although the score is through-composed, within the general structure of the opera there are several identifiable numbers: four solos given to the three main characters, a trio and a brief love duet. Only Lauretta's
1207:, feeling that the audience disliked it. In fact, Higgins would never stage it again. Puccini vociferously objected, as did his longtime London friend, Sybil Seligman, to no avail. Higgins then decided to remove
1671:
suggests that it "keeps us perpetually suspended between the comic and the tragic". Other principal motifs include the theme associated with the lovers Rinuccio and Lauretta, introduced in Rinuccio's first solo
1785:
1654:
refers to its "dissonant modernity", with simultaneous clashing chords suggesting that "Puccini was beginning to think in bi-tonal terms". Alongside these dissonant passages are others which opera scholar
318:, was of the Donati family; the poet himself was of pure Florentine descent. He despised members of the peasant class such as Schicchi. Dante's class prejudice displays itself in several episodes in the
2750:
1644:
movement of a three-movement symphony. With the fast-moving pace of the work, the set pieces are given a simpler melodic structure than those in the other two parts of the triptych. On stage, with the
2816:
1290:
was particularly prominent in the 1950s and 1960s. He first sang the role of Schicchi in the Rome production in 1951; in subsequent years he appeared in further Rome seasons, in Bologna, and at
932:, in which Puccini lost a sister, distracted him from his work. The first draft was completed on 20 April 1918, and Puccini continued to refine and orchestrate it through the summer of 1918.
185:(The Triptych) – three one-act operas with contrasting themes, originally written to be presented together. Although it continues to be performed with one or both of the other
5426:
3061:
2947:
2351:
1114:, a future general manager of the Met. Johnson later recalled that, at the composer's request, he had dragged a mock-reluctant Puccini from the wings to acknowledge the house's applause.
809:
premiered in 1904, Puccini again had difficulty finding a new subject. He further considered the idea of composing three one-act operas to be performed together but found his publisher,
1667:
which quickly transforms into a mock-solemn dirge depicting the hypocritical grief of the Donati relatives. This juxtaposition of the humorous and the solemn pervades the opera; critic
1347:
heroines, a feat she repeated later that season, on tour, and when the three operas were again presented by the Met in 1981. When the production was revived again by the Met in 1989,
233:, a comedy, completes the triptych with a further contrast of mood. The score combines elements of Puccini's modern style of harmonic dissonance with lyrical passages reminiscent of
1976:, was still being discussed nearly 50 years later as the classic performance, with Gobbi's singing at a standard rarely equalled. Among more recent recordings, that of the complete
1617:
critic Mark Swed deemed Allen's production one of the top ten moments in classical music for 2008, and applauded it for "hilarious wit and engaging musicality". Allen Rich of
322:: in one, three noble Florentines, who have died and gone to Hell, ask Dante for news of their home city. A disgusted Dante tells them that the city is now dominated by the
5418:
2490:
1777:
726:
feeling better; he asks the doctor to return that evening. Boasting that he has never lost a patient, Spinelloccio departs. Schicchi then unveils his plan in the aria
901:
to Maestro Puccini some days ago. He has declared himself – kind as he is – very satisfied ... I have also finished a brief outline of a plot based on
821:, a project frustrated by the librettist's illness. Puccini wrote in November 1905, "Will we go back to it? If I find three one-act works that suit me, I'll put off
828:
In March 1907, Puccini wrote to Carlo Clausetti, Ricordi's representative in Naples, proposing three one-act operas based on scenes from stories by Russian novelist
5669:
4213:
2521:
2691:
2907:
2619:
1029:
which, despite a public notice forbidding encores, was repeated through popular insistence. The only singer to appear in all three works was American soprano
813:, firmly opposed to such a project, convinced that it would be expensive to cast and produce. The composer then planned to work with his longtime librettist,
2806:
1023:, W.J. Henderson called it "one of the most delightful bits ever put upon the Met stage". The undoubted "pearl of the evening", he said, was Lauretta's aria
1428:
743:("Undress, little boy"). Before taking his place in the bed, Schicchi warns the company of the grave punishment for those found to have falsified a will:
3434:
2885:
1948:
3000:
1623:
praised the piece, though he disliked Allen's idea of beginning the opera with a montage of old film clips, with credits featuring mock-Italian names.
1583:
was a nationalist newspaper, and praised Puccini for returning to an Italian subject "after so many useless Japanese, American, Parisian digressions".
5581:
5576:
2088:
306:, which contained an appendix with a commentary attributed to an anonymous Florentine of the 14th century. In this version, Buoso wishes to make a
2727:
1331:
in the original form, combining the Melano production with new productions for the other two operas by the same director. The 1975 performance of
2332:
5155:
4246:
1586:
Modern productions, including those in an updated context, have been generally well received. Describing the 2004 Glyndebourne pairing with
1473:
in the title role "a masterpiece of monstrous vulgarity". In the 2009 revival of this production, Schicchi was sung by Thomas Allen, while
1738:, "its exquisite harmonies almost turning the unprepossessing women into Wagnerian Rhine maidens", and its lilting melody reminiscent of
3672:
1131:
were present, and called Puccini to their box to give him their congratulations. With Toscanini not considered, Puccini hoped that Sir
3719:
2852:
907:. You know the Maestro's opinion of this subject, which is rich in possibilities and whose comic nature is quite out of the ordinary.
3749:
3678:
3105:
1953:
1201:
would gain a place in the Covent Garden repertoire, but soon learned that the opera house's director, Henry V. Higgins, had removed
5689:
2299:
2655:
5182:
3767:
1220:
The Metropolitan Opera joined in the dismemberment: after 1920, it would not again present the three operas together until 1975.
1058:
3200:
2583:
2476:
1233:
returned to the Met in 1926, after Puccini's death, shorn of the other two parts of its operatic triptych, but instead mated to
5450:
3622:
3401:
3360:
3082:
2968:
1650:
references, a humorous atmosphere is established from the very beginning. However, the music itself is of the 20th century;
5694:
5243:
5096:
4990:
792:
essentially completed by November 1899, Puccini sought a new project. Among sources he considered, before proceeding with
5259:
3316:
1469:
updated the action to a shabby 1940s Italy of "unemptied chamber pots, garish floral wallpaper and damp ceilings", with
5649:
5318:
4983:
4646:
4239:
2681:
768:
The one-act opera genre had become increasingly popular in Italy following the 1890 competition sponsored by publisher
2911:
1061:
on 17 December with the same cast, before returning to New York for five more performances during the 1918/19 season.
5310:
4378:
3656:
3597:
3575:
3554:
3528:
3486:
3444:
3423:
2560:
1684:. The theme is briefly played on clarinet and violin as Lauretta enters with Schicchi, before its full expression in
1074:. Puccini wrote Tito Ricordi that the rehearsals were going slowly, but that the orchestra sounded fine, at least in
277:
22:
2623:
5659:
5586:
3707:
3683:
1947:
reviewer as "extraordinary". One of the earliest recordings, a Turin Radio 1950 broadcast performance conducted by
1252:
1080:. The Italian premiere, more important to Puccini than the New York world premiere, took place on 11 January 1919.
1283:. In 1952, Novak's sets were revised by Wilhelm von Wymetal in a production which remained in service until 1958.
940:
in New York, without his being there, on the basis of performing instructions which he supplied to the conductor.
389:
219:
and, after considering various ideas, he began work the following year on the solemn, religious, all-female opera
5679:
5546:
5391:
1245:. The 1926 production, by Wilhelm von Wymetal, featured sets by Joseph Novak. In the following years at the Met,
862:, or with other two-act operas which might be used to round out the evening's entertainment. Finally, librettist
5326:
5087:
5055:
5047:
3516:
3382:
1725:
2875:
5458:
5251:
4232:
3742:
1606:
performance "a triumph of ensemble directing and playing, ... wickedly observed, sharp, focussed and funny".
1450:
in the title role, was filmed for television in association with various international broadcasters, such as
1173:
By 1920 Puccini was facing increasing pressure, not only from impresarios but also from his publishing firm,
3014:
5080:
4313:
3843:
1704:
music for Schicchi and symbolise Spinelloccio's place as an outsider to the dramatic action of the opera.
1577:
felt that the three works comprised a unified whole, but feared that Puccini was becoming less inventive.
1315:
its first new production since 1926. The production, by Fabrizio Melano, was paired with the Met debut of
5442:
5369:
4554:
3895:
1930:
1531:
critic was also amused by Marto Malatesta as "The 'Kid' Gherardino, who is spanked by the irate family".
1381:
2717:
2075:
880:. The latter would be Puccini's first setting of a comic text; although his earlier operas, for example
5619:
5501:
4836:
4676:
3614:
1964:
to be "too rough a piece of recording to be warmly recommended". By contrast, the 1958 recording under
1299:
918:. The religious-themed opera was completed in September 1917, and Puccini turned his full attention to
3699:
1973:
257:
except as the original triptych, by 1920 he had given his reluctant consent to separate performances.
5376:
5342:
4661:
4473:
1983:
1400:, in which the sets for the two operas (designed by Vicki Mortimer) are back-to-back on a turntable.
1298:
sang Lauretta in Carlo Maestrini's production. Gobbi directed and sang in the 1969 production at the
1258:
1117:
In 1919, Puccini visited London to discuss plans for the following year's Covent Garden premiere of
5112:
4202:
3735:
2960:
1466:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4080:
3813:
1634:
said of Puccini, early in the latter's career, that "the symphonic element dominates in him", and
1492:, no other woman opera singer in the world has sung a baritone role in a professional production.
5654:
5104:
4831:
4736:
4706:
4666:
4458:
4008:
3798:
3538:
3066:
2952:
2546:
1761:, the best-known of the solos, is separable from its context and can be sung as a concert piece.
1508:
1489:
1424:
721:
The relatives listen to the reading of the will. From the original Metropolitan Opera production.
3119:
3074:
2751:"Review: Stephanie Blythe easily triumphs in male title role of San Diego Opera's 'Puccini Duo'"
1516:
described it as "so uproariously funny ... so full of life, humor, and ingenious devices".
5604:
4766:
4701:
4534:
4398:
4373:
1451:
1111:
349:, while his daughter Lauretta, whose romance is nearly foiled by Buoso's relatives, resembles
5554:
5466:
5275:
4896:
4656:
4519:
4509:
4358:
3945:
3851:
3272:
3251:
3214:
3209:
3114:
3009:
1943:
1321:
1270:
835:
832:. By May the composer had set aside this proposal to concentrate on the project which became
825:" Puccini pursued neither project, as Giacosa's illness led to his death in September 1906.
334:
197:
is now more frequently staged either alone or with short operas by other composers. The aria
5219:
4036:
3931:
2842:
1941:
was not available as a recording until after the Second World War, a neglect described by a
1433:
650:
5684:
5664:
4816:
4544:
4529:
4524:
4514:
4504:
3912:
1158:. In the years following the premiere, Puccini made modifications to the three operas, but
779:
666:
371:, even to his Bolognese origin. The Moor whose death momentarily scares the relatives, and
4001:
2945:
Girardi, Michele (2001). "Giacomo (Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria) Puccini (ii)".
1990:(1998) has been generally recommended. There are numerous video recordings now available.
8:
5410:
5211:
4871:
4856:
4368:
4353:
3973:
3952:
1961:
1391:
1234:
863:
164:
80:
2295:
5147:
5120:
4771:
4721:
4641:
4448:
4438:
4418:
3980:
3938:
3608:
2847:
2083:
1793:
1755:
1619:
1518:
1396:
1303:
1155:
979:
937:
888:, contain comic episodes, these are merely ancillary to the drama to provide contrast.
708:
247:
201:
125:
3645:
3342:
2645:
1447:
5493:
5474:
5163:
5064:
4841:
4761:
4726:
4453:
4403:
4151:
4120:
4088:
4062:
4029:
4022:
4015:
3959:
3828:
3652:
3618:
3593:
3571:
3565:
3550:
3524:
3504:
3482:
3462:
3454:
3440:
3419:
3397:
3378:
3356:
3350:
3196:
3101:
3078:
2996:
2964:
2880:
2838:
2597:
1739:
1651:
1613:
1404:
1136:
1019:
929:
601:
564:
427:
354:
286:
234:
1302:, and later that year performed in and directed the same version at the August 1969
5139:
4886:
4801:
4711:
4671:
4562:
4463:
4168:
4145:
3987:
3836:
3713:
3689:
3640:
3474:
3070:
2956:
2802:
1965:
1720:
1708:
1591:
1485:
1316:
1264:
1093:
1010:
818:
814:
794:
769:
442:
147:
21:
This article is about the opera by Giacomo Puccini. For the historical figure, see
1571:
disarmed these "hired assassins" with a "single glance". An anonymous reviewer in
5674:
5350:
4911:
4881:
4423:
4388:
4363:
4303:
4293:
4279:
4255:
4224:
4054:
3966:
3758:
2811:
1987:
1596:
1481:
1443:
1375:
1361:
1071:
799:
773:
620:
480:
461:
401:
281:
168:
156:
98:
40:
1096:, who was in the audience for the Rome premiere. Toscanini was disgusted by the
5302:
5267:
5014:
4931:
4876:
4741:
4696:
4691:
4631:
4173:
4139:
2713:
2472:
1660:
1631:
1513:
1348:
1170:, which was set in a higher pitch to take better advantage of the tenor voice.
1132:
1092:. Among those dissatisfied by the triptych was Puccini's friend, the conductor
810:
303:
280:
was a 13th-century Italian knight, a Florentine historical figure mentioned by
516:
5643:
5538:
5434:
5227:
4966:
4906:
4781:
4776:
4756:
4686:
4636:
4383:
4260:
4183:
3882:
3790:
3585:
3508:
3496:
3466:
3370:
3308:
3052:
2555:
2071:
1668:
1656:
1523:
1488:
performed the baritone role of the title character, Gianni. According to the
1474:
1365:
1338:
1295:
1030:
982:
on 14 December 1918, with Roberto Moranzoni conducting, as the final part of
869:
717:
615:
533:
324:
222:
173:
103:
3543:
1183:
to be broken up and presented separately. Opera houses first wanted to omit
207:
is one of Puccini's best known, and one of the most popular arias in opera.
5633:
5293:
5040:
4901:
4751:
4607:
4587:
4393:
4298:
4178:
3994:
3693:
2843:"At the Los Angeles Opera, Puccini gets a sprinkling of Woody Allen whimsy"
2722:
2686:
1960:, was praised for its lively presentation but was considered by the critic
1797:
1439:
1189:, which had proven the least popular of the three, but some wished to omit
1174:
1128:
848:, but he still lacked ideas for the other two works. He considered staging
499:
315:
3806:
2550:
1278:
883:
331:
According to Burton Fisher, Puccini and Forzano borrowed heavily from the
48:
5530:
5509:
5189:
4956:
4926:
4891:
4826:
4821:
4567:
4483:
3867:
3346:
1470:
1414:
985:
925:
829:
584:
548:
372:
300:
180:
167:, composed in 1917–18. The libretto is based on an incident mentioned in
67:
1954:
5235:
5072:
4961:
4716:
4622:
4592:
4577:
4428:
3875:
3859:
2481:
2342:
1969:
1809:
1287:
1070:
was in rehearsal in Rome in preparation for an Italian premiere at the
963:
Arturo Toscanini, whose appointment to conduct the British premiere of
843:
744:
419:
307:
214:
397:
5427:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
5383:
4602:
4539:
4408:
1838:"You're mistaken!", followed by "Florence is like a blossoming tree"
1357:
1240:
802:
that Puccini thought might be made into a trilogy of one-act operas.
475:
368:
350:
346:
3418:(revised ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: Opera Journeys Publishing.
1694:
that Lauretta's aria and the two interruptions by the young lovers (
1506:
warmly; most reviewers found it to be the best of the three operas.
4851:
4786:
4651:
4597:
4582:
4572:
4478:
4433:
4343:
4323:
4318:
4308:
3905:
3782:
2592:
1291:
1124:
857:
560:
Buoso's brother-in-law, poor and shabbily dressed, of uncertain age
437:
160:
3727:
5021:
4921:
4916:
4861:
4791:
4746:
4348:
4288:
1148:
Other early performances included the October 1920 production of
1099:
456:
237:, and it has been praised for its inventiveness and imagination.
1086:
was again warmly received, more so than the first two operas of
357:, while the poverty-stricken Betto recalls the buffoonish valet
4936:
4488:
4443:
4338:
4333:
4328:
866:
presented the composer with two works of his own, which became
4209:
959:
891:
Forzano wrote to Tito Ricordi, Giulio's son, on 3 March 1917:
4846:
4731:
4681:
4413:
3821:
2350:(6). New York City: Metropolitan Opera Guild. December 2007.
1164:
required few. The principal change was to Rinuccio's arioso,
787:
733:
494:
358:
152:
36:
5628:
5419:
The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
4811:
4468:
2650:
1455:
295:
The plot used in the opera derives from an 1866 edition of
361:. Doctor Spinelloccio recalls the classic doctor from the
4866:
1640:
has been compared by later analysts to that of the final
1459:
2584:"Woody Allen to Direct His First Opera – Puccini's
1500:
In reviewing the New York premiere, the critics greeted
990:. While the sold-out house showed polite enthusiasm for
3377:(paperback ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1477:, as Simone, celebrated 40 years with the Royal Opera.
2620:"Los Angeles Opera 2005/16 season, Schicchi/Pagliacci"
1728:
cites in particular the trio for three female voices,
5617:
1286:
Among the leading singers associated with the opera,
1251:
would form part of a bill with such diverse works as
1017:
s critic, "received with uproarious delight". In the
1275:, and even be incestuously mated with Puccini's own
177:. The work is the third and final part of Puccini's
2807:"The Miserly Knight, Gianni Schicchi, Glyndebourne"
772:for the best such work, which was won by the young
754:Meanwhile, Lauretta and Rinuccio sing a love duet,
263:has subsequently become the most-performed part of
4254:
3644:
3542:
2331:
946:proved to be the last opera completed by Puccini.
5295:Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata
3266:Hope-Wallace, Philip (September 1959). "Puccini:
2910:. Asia One News. 9 September 2008. Archived from
1833:Avete torto! ... Firenze è come un albero fiorito
5641:
1195:as well. Puccini had left London confident that
1135:would conduct the premiere, but he declined and
5670:Opera world premieres at the Metropolitan Opera
3394:Il Trittico, Turandot, and Puccini's Late Style
2489:(10). New York City: Metropolitan Opera Guild.
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
3651:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1341:as Lauretta. Scotto also played the two other
404:, who sang Lauretta at the 1918 world premiere
4240:
3743:
3704:, English translation by Edoardo Petri (1918)
3537:
2940:
2938:
1977:
1936:
1908:
1892:
1877:
1861:
1846:
1831:
1752:
1729:
1713:
1695:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1645:
1635:
1601:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1552:noted that, "In terms of harmonic technique,
1547:
1541:
1535:
1501:
1418:
1408:
1385:
1369:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1326:
1310:
1268:
1246:
1238:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1165:
1159:
1149:
1140:
1118:
1105:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1065:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1003:
997:
991:
983:
973:
964:
941:
919:
913:
902:
896:
875:
867:
855:
849:
841:
833:
785:
777:
755:
738:
727:
705:
699:
376:
362:
340:
332:
264:
258:
251:
241:
228:
220:
212:
198:
192:
186:
178:
136:
65:
3265:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
2961:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.6002278242
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2315:
1868:"Oh, what blockheads! Run to the notary..."
1745:
1540:as a whole a warmer reception but still saw
1276:
1256:
881:
747:of one hand, and then, exile from Florence.
2876:"Best (and worst) of 2008: Classical music"
2290:
2288:
1590:as "flip sides of the same coin", reviewer
1546:as the best of the three. Alberto Gasco of
4247:
4233:
3750:
3736:
3453:
3195:
3100:
2995:
2935:
2908:"High notes for Woody Allen's opera debut"
2021:
2019:
47:
3679:International Music Score Library Project
3549:. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
3396:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3341:
3285:
3283:
3075:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O010002
3038:
2837:
2801:
2458:
2433:
2431:
1465:The 2007 Royal Opera House production by
393:Sketch for Gianni Schicchi costume (1918)
3567:The Classic Good CD & DVD Guide 2006
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
2679:
2581:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2274:
1935:Despite its popularity as a stage work,
1915:"Lauretta mine, here we'll always stay"
958:
716:
396:
388:
272:
5183:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli
3563:
3515:
3481:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3432:
2944:
2412:
2410:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2016:
1863:Ah, che zucconi! Si corre dal notaio...
1442:. A 2015 performance, then directed by
1417:making his operatic directing debut in
854:in combination with his own early work
798:, were three works by French dramatist
345:. Schicchi himself recalls the roguish
5642:
3606:
3495:
3410:
3369:
3301:
3280:
3051:
2748:
2712:
2675:
2673:
2545:
2428:
2183:
2181:
2009:
2007:
1423:. The production starred baritone Sir
1325:. The following year, the Met revived
1064:At the time of the New York premiere,
949:
763:
4228:
3731:
3590:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Opera
3584:
3473:
3439:. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
3391:
3191:
3189:
3134:
2471:
2302:from the original on 31 December 2018
2271:
2094:from the original on 8 September 2021
1495:
1223:
954:
146:
5244:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street
2888:from the original on 11 January 2012
2873:
2680:Clements, Andrew (19 October 2009).
2407:
2375:
2055:
3757:
3352:Opera: Composers, Works, Performers
2730:from the original on 3 October 2014
2682:"L'Heure Espagnole/Gianni Schicchi"
2670:
2532:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
2178:
2076:"A world premier of Puccini operas"
2004:
1407:announced that it would be staging
1368:leads in all three operas (Zita in
1123:. This took place on 18 June 1920;
16:1918 comic opera by Giacomo Puccini
13:
3633:
3186:
2855:from the original on 16 April 2009
2582:Westphal, Matthew (22 June 2007).
1766:
1033:, who played one of the lovers in
14:
5706:
5097:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic
3696:(scanned books original editions)
3666:
3592:. London: Flame Tree Publishing.
3319:from the original on 15 June 2011
2819:from the original on 5 March 2016
2718:"Puccini floats like a butterfly"
2694:from the original on 9 March 2016
2658:from the original on 3 March 2017
1910:Lauretta mia, staremo sempre qui!
410:Roles, voice types, premiere cast
5627:
5600:
5599:
4208:
4198:
4197:
3413:Opera Classics Library Presents
2749:Kragen, Pam (13 February 2023).
2646:"Internet Movie Database (IMDb)"
2563:from the original on 14 May 2016
2493:from the original on 5 June 2016
2354:from the original on 5 June 2016
1808:Problems playing this file? See
1782:
5690:Operas based on Inferno (Dante)
5392:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent
3411:Fisher, Burton D., ed. (2005).
3292:
3259:
3238:
3229:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3094:
3029:
2989:
2980:
2926:
2900:
2874:Swed, Mark (20 December 2008).
2867:
2831:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2742:
2706:
2638:
2612:
2575:
2539:
2514:
2505:
2449:
2440:
2419:
2398:
2389:
2366:
2333:"Metropolitan Opera Broadcast:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
1145:was received with real warmth.
424:Premiere cast, 14 December 1918
4379:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
3521:The Complete Operas of Puccini
3436:Puccini: His International Art
3035:Greenfield (1958), pp. 184–185
2124:
2115:
2106:
2046:
2037:
2028:
1413:in the 2008/2009 season, with
1059:Met's Philadelphia opera house
278:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
269:and has been widely recorded.
23:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
1:
5459:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
4984:Pape Satàn, pape Satàn aleppe
2511:Batta and Neef (eds.), p. 483
1993:
1924:
1384:put on a 2004 double bill of
5081:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep
4991:Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi
3564:Roberts, David, ed. (2005).
1139:conducted. Once again, only
375:, are stock characters from
7:
5695:Operas based on real people
3523:. London: Victor Gollancz.
3459:Puccini: Keeper of the Seal
3375:Puccini: His Life and Works
1931:Gianni Schicchi discography
1899:"First, a word of warning"
1382:Glyndebourne Festival Opera
978:was first performed at the
688:
10:
5711:
5252:The System of Dante's Hell
4837:Constance, Queen of Sicily
3720:Woody Allen Production of
3615:Cambridge University Press
3607:Wilson, Alexandra (2007).
3334:
3289:Roberts (ed.), pp. 759–761
2520:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
2455:Phillips-Matz, pp. 264–265
2148:Phillips-Matz, pp. 164–165
2139:Phillips-Matz, pp. 163–164
1928:
1734:, as equal to anything in
1484:production, mezzo-soprano
1300:Teatro Comunale di Firenze
115:14 December 1918
20:
5650:Operas by Giacomo Puccini
5595:
5569:
5522:
5485:
5402:
5361:
5286:
5203:
5174:
5131:
5032:
5007:
5000:
4975:
4949:
4800:
4662:Bonconte I da Montefeltro
4620:
4553:
4497:
4474:Ugolino della Gherardesca
4314:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti
4277:
4268:
4192:
4161:
4142:(great-great-grandfather)
4132:
4073:
4046:
3923:
3774:
3765:
3433:Girardi, Michele (2000).
3298:Sadie (ed.), p. 231.
2932:Greenfield (1958), p. 122
2121:Girardi, p. 200, 372
1984:London Symphony Orchestra
1746:Arias and musical numbers
1659:calls "bland, schoolroom
1008:was, in the words of the
434:Gianni Schicchi (age 50)
110:
94:
86:
76:
58:
46:
35:
30:
3539:Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane
3479:A Short History of Opera
2395:Budden, pp. 377–378, 437
1998:
1968:, with a cast including
1626:
641:Ser Amantio di Nicolao,
384:
246:premiered at New York's
148:[ˈdʒanniˈskikki]
5660:Italian-language operas
5105:La commedia di Amos Poe
4832:Charles Martel of Anjou
4707:Giovanna da Montefeltro
4459:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
4009:Tu che di gel sei cinta
3461:. London: Arrow Books.
3090:(subscription required)
3067:Oxford University Press
2976:(subscription required)
2953:Oxford University Press
2755:San Diego Union-Tribune
1974:Victoria de los Ángeles
1887:Nella, La Ciesca, Zita
1697:"Addio, speranza bella"
1509:New York Herald Tribune
1490:San Diego Union Tribune
930:1918 influenza pandemic
895:I sent the libretto of
353:. Simone is drawn from
5680:Operas set in Florence
4767:Omberto Aldobrandeschi
4702:Gherardo III da Camino
4399:Guido I da Montefeltro
3392:Davis, Andrew (2010).
2298:. Metropolitan Opera.
2072:Huneker, James Gibbons
1978:
1937:
1909:
1893:
1884:"Undress, little boy"
1878:
1862:
1847:
1832:
1771:
1753:
1731:"Spogliati, bambolino"
1730:
1714:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1646:
1636:
1602:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1502:
1452:Westdeutscher Rundfunk
1419:
1409:
1386:
1370:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1327:
1311:
1309:In 1974, the Met gave
1277:
1269:
1257:
1247:
1239:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1141:
1119:
1106:
1098:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1025:
1004:
998:
992:
984:
974:
970:
965:
942:
920:
914:
909:
903:
897:
882:
876:
868:
856:
850:
842:
834:
786:
778:
756:
740:"Spogliati, bambolino"
739:
728:
722:
706:
700:
627:Maestro Spinelloccio,
470:cousin of Buoso Donati
405:
394:
377:
363:
341:
333:
265:
259:
252:
242:
229:
221:
213:
199:
193:
187:
179:
144:Italian pronunciation:
137:
66:
5467:La barca de Aqueronte
5113:Dante's Hell Animated
4897:Mary, mother of Jesus
4657:Bonagiunta Orbicciani
4359:Farinata degli Uberti
3852:La fanciulla del West
3647:The Operas of Puccini
3570:. London: Haymarket.
3013:: 101. Archived from
2446:Phillips-Matz, p. 264
2372:Phillips-Matz, p. 253
2232:Phillips-Matz, p. 250
2157:Phillips-Matz, p. 176
2130:Phillips-Matz, p. 148
1929:Further information:
1894:Prima un avvertimento
1770:
1253:Engelbert Humperdinck
1057:was performed at the
969:was vetoed by Puccini
962:
893:
836:La fanciulla del West
729:"Si corre dal notaio"
720:
400:
392:
273:Historical background
5582:English translations
5539:Devil May Cry series
5322:(Rachmaninoff, 1904)
4817:Bernard of Clairvaux
3768:List of compositions
3545:Puccini: A Biography
3315:. Presto Classical.
3255:: 21. December 1957.
3213:: 83. Archived from
3156:Newman (ed.), p. 45.
3147:Osborne, pp. 237–240
3118:: 91. Archived from
2841:(7 September 2008).
2774:Girardi, pp. 369–370
2654:. 21 December 2015.
2282:Osborne, pp. 218–220
2250:Girardi, p. 414
2112:Girardi, p. 372
2043:Girardi, p. 377
2013:Girardi, pp. 416–417
1879:Spogliati, bambolino
1778:"O mio babbino caro"
1707:The music historian
1687:"O mio babbino caro"
1534:Rome's critics gave
1026:"O mio babbino caro"
817:, on an opera about
780:Cavalleria rusticana
667:Vincenzo Reschiglian
5577:Cultural references
5443:The Barque of Dante
5411:The Barque of Dante
5327:Francesca da Rimini
5319:Francesca da Rimini
5314:(Tchaikovsky, 1876)
5311:Francesca da Rimini
5212:The Story of Rimini
4872:Hierarchy of angels
4857:Folquet de Marselha
4369:Francesca da Rimini
3953:E lucevan le stelle
3610:The Puccini Problem
2404:Budden, pp. 420–421
2296:"MetOpera Database"
2241:Budden, p. 376
2187:Budden, pp. 373–375
2074:(2 December 1919).
1962:Philip Hope-Wallace
1918:Rinuccio, Lauretta
1853:"Oh, my dear papa"
1675:"Salvati! Salvati!"
1235:Ruggero Leoncavallo
950:Performance history
864:Giovacchino Forzano
764:Composition history
636:Pompilio Malatesta
412:
165:Giovacchino Forzano
81:Giovacchino Forzano
5587:In popular culture
5220:La Comédie humaine
5124:(2016 documentary)
5121:Botticelli Inferno
4722:Jacopo del Cassero
4642:Beatrice Portinari
4449:Pope Boniface VIII
4439:Pietro della Vigna
4037:Un bel dì, vedremo
3981:O mio babbino caro
3939:Donna non vidi mai
3932:Torna ai felici dì
3716:(audio recordings)
3503:. London: Putnam.
3455:Greenfield, Edward
3201:"Review, Puccini:
3197:Greenfield, Edward
3106:"Review, Puccini:
3102:Greenfield, Edward
3062:Grove Music Online
3017:on 22 October 2009
3001:"Review, Puccini:
2997:Greenfield, Edward
2948:Grove Music Online
2848:The New York Times
2839:Tommasini, Anthony
2549:(23 August 2004).
2312:(login and search)
2084:The New York Times
2052:Davis, p. 143
2034:Fisher, p. 94
2025:Fisher, p. 93
1848:O mio babbino caro
1794:O mio babbino caro
1772:
1756:O mio babbino caro
1647:commedia dell'arte
1608:The New York Times
1588:The Miserly Knight
1519:The New York Times
1496:Critical reception
1397:The Miserly Knight
1322:Bluebeard's Castle
1304:Edinburgh Festival
1271:L'amore dei tre re
1224:Later performances
1156:Vienna State Opera
1154:in German, at the
1039:, a lay sister in
980:Metropolitan Opera
971:
955:Early performances
938:Metropolitan Opera
936:take place at the
723:
709:O mio babbino caro
651:Andrés de Segurola
408:
406:
395:
378:commedia dell'arte
364:commedia dell'arte
335:commedia dell'arte
250:in December 1918,
248:Metropolitan Opera
202:O mio babbino caro
126:Metropolitan Opera
5615:
5614:
5565:
5564:
5494:The Gates of Hell
5475:La Laguna Estigia
5414:(Delacroix, 1822)
5377:"Dante's Inferno"
5354:(Ronchetti, 2020)
5343:The Divine Comedy
5287:Music (classical)
5065:The Dante Quartet
4945:
4944:
4842:Cunizza da Romano
4762:Oderisi da Gubbio
4727:Giovanna Visconti
4616:
4615:
4454:Pope Nicholas III
4404:Iacopo Rusticucci
4222:
4221:
4152:Simonetta Puccini
4030:Che gelida manina
4023:O soave fanciulla
4016:Signore, ascolta!
4002:Non piangere, Liù
3960:Recondita armonia
3641:Ashbrook, William
3624:978-0-521-85688-1
3475:Grout, Donald Jay
3403:978-0-253-35514-0
3362:978-3-8290-3571-2
3084:978-1-56159-263-0
2999:(February 2001).
2970:978-1-56159-263-0
2881:Los Angeles Times
2803:Seckerson, Edward
2530:4 September 1969"
2477:"Three's Company"
1949:Alfredo Simonetto
1922:
1921:
1787:
1652:Edward Greenfield
1614:Los Angeles Times
1405:Los Angeles Opera
1378:played Schicchi.
1259:Hänsel und Gretel
1237:'s two-act opera
1137:Gaetano Bavagnoli
686:
685:
428:Roberto Moranzoni
297:The Divine Comedy
133:
132:
5702:
5632:
5631:
5623:
5603:
5602:
5462:(Rossetti, 1885)
5454:(Rossetti, 1868)
5438:(Flandrin, 1835)
5430:(Scheffer, 1835)
5330:(Zandonai, 1914)
5140:Demon Lord Dante
5025:(Terragni, 1938)
5005:
5004:
4887:John the Apostle
4712:Guido Guinizelli
4677:Conrad Malaspina
4672:Cato the Younger
4495:
4494:
4275:
4274:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4226:
4225:
4212:
4201:
4200:
4169:Festival Puccini
4162:Related articles
4146:Domenico Puccini
4074:Film adaptations
3988:In questa reggia
3974:Ch'ella mi creda
3837:Madama Butterfly
3752:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3714:Internet Archive
3690:Internet Archive
3677:: Scores at the
3662:
3650:
3628:
3603:
3581:
3560:
3548:
3534:
3517:Osborne, Charles
3512:
3492:
3470:
3450:
3429:
3407:
3388:
3366:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3305:
3299:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3193:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3065:(8th ed.).
3049:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2951:(8th ed.).
2942:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:on 18 March 2012
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2716:(8 April 2007).
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2622:. Archived from
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2596:. Archived from
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2551:"Double Trouble"
2543:
2537:
2535:
2529:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2469:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2339:
2328:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2292:
2283:
2280:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2080:
2068:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2014:
2011:
1981:
1966:Gabriele Santini
1959:
1956:
1940:
1912:
1902:Gianni Schicchi
1896:
1881:
1871:Gianni Schicchi
1865:
1850:
1835:
1817:
1816:
1789:
1788:
1769:
1760:
1733:
1717:
1709:Donald Jay Grout
1699:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1649:
1639:
1605:
1592:Edward Seckerson
1582:
1580:L'idea nazionale
1576:
1574:L'idea nazionale
1570:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1505:
1486:Stephanie Blythe
1437:
1422:
1412:
1389:
1373:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1314:
1282:
1274:
1265:Italo Montemezzi
1262:
1250:
1244:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1144:
1122:
1109:
1103:
1094:Arturo Toscanini
1091:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1028:
1016:
1011:New-York Tribune
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
977:
968:
945:
923:
917:
906:
900:
887:
879:
873:
861:
853:
847:
839:
819:Marie Antoinette
815:Giuseppe Giacosa
795:Madama Butterfly
791:
783:
770:Edoardo Sonzogno
759:
742:
731:
713:
703:
558:Betto di Signa,
553:Mario Malatesta
443:Giuseppe De Luca
413:
411:
407:
380:
366:
344:
338:
268:
262:
255:
245:
232:
226:
218:
206:
196:
190:
184:
150:
145:
140:
122:
120:
72:
71:
53:1918–1919 poster
51:
28:
27:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5626:
5618:
5616:
5611:
5591:
5561:
5547:Dante's Inferno
5518:
5481:
5478:(Hidalgo, 1887)
5470:(Hidalgo, 1887)
5451:Pia de' Tolomei
5398:
5357:
5338:(Puccini, 1918)
5335:Gianni Schicchi
5282:
5199:
5170:
5156:Dante's Inferno
5148:Jimbo's Inferno
5127:
5089:Dante's Inferno
5057:Dante's Inferno
5049:Dante's Inferno
5028:
5017:(Palanti, 1923)
4996:
4971:
4941:
4882:James the Great
4796:
4772:Pia de' Tolomei
4647:Beatrice d'Este
4612:
4549:
4498:Circles of Hell
4493:
4424:Paolo Malatesta
4389:Gualdrada Berti
4364:Filippo Argenti
4304:Brunetto Latini
4294:Bertran de Born
4270:
4264:
4253:
4223:
4218:
4188:
4157:
4154:(granddaughter)
4128:
4069:
4055:Messa di Gloria
4042:
3946:Quando me'n vo'
3919:
3890:Gianni Schicchi
3770:
3761:
3759:Giacomo Puccini
3756:
3722:Gianni Schicchi
3709:Gianni Schicchi
3701:Gianni Schicchi
3685:Gianni Schicchi
3674:Gianni Schicchi
3669:
3659:
3639:
3636:
3634:Further reading
3631:
3625:
3600:
3578:
3557:
3531:
3489:
3447:
3426:
3404:
3385:
3363:
3349:, eds. (2000).
3337:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3311:Gianni Schicchi
3307:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3268:Gianni Schicchi
3264:
3260:
3247:Gianni Schicchi
3244:
3243:
3239:
3235:Girardi, p. 415
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3217:on 5 March 2011
3203:Gianni Schicchi
3194:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3122:on 29 June 2011
3108:Gianni Schicchi
3104:(August 1978).
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3057:Gianni Schicchi
3050:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3003:Gianni Schicchi
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2812:The Independent
2805:(6 July 2004).
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2714:Holden, Anthony
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2678:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2626:on 1 March 2017
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2588:in Los Angeles"
2586:Gianni Schicchi
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2527:
2524:Gianni Schicchi
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2473:Davis, Peter G.
2470:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:Girardi, p. 370
2436:
2429:
2425:Osborne, p. 221
2424:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2330:
2329:
2316:
2305:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2268:Osborne, p. 216
2267:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:Girardi, p. 367
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:Girardi, p. 365
2195:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2078:
2069:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1988:Antonio Pappano
1951:
1938:Gianni Schicchi
1933:
1927:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1748:
1726:Charles Osborne
1715:Gianni Schicchi
1637:Gianni Schicchi
1629:
1597:The Independent
1568:Gianni Schicchi
1543:Gianni Schicchi
1503:Gianni Schicchi
1498:
1482:San Diego Opera
1448:Plácido Domingo
1444:Matthew Diamond
1431:
1429:Laura Tătulescu
1420:Gianni Schicchi
1387:Gianni Schicchi
1376:Cornell MacNeil
1371:Gianni Schicchi
1362:Lili Chookasian
1334:Gianni Schicchi
1312:Gianni Schicchi
1294:, Milan, where
1248:Gianni Schicchi
1230:Gianni Schicchi
1226:
1216:Gianni Schicchi
1161:Gianni Schicchi
1142:Gianni Schicchi
1083:Gianni Schicchi
1077:Gianni Schicchi
1072:Teatro Costanzi
1048:Gianni Schicchi
1045:, and Nella in
1014:
1005:Gianni Schicchi
975:Gianni Schicchi
957:
952:
943:Gianni Schicchi
924:, although the
921:Gianni Schicchi
904:Gianni Schicchi
877:Gianni Schicchi
800:Alphonse Daudet
774:Pietro Mascagni
766:
691:
621:Marie Sundelius
576:cousin of Buoso
525:Gherardo's wife
481:Kathleen Howard
462:Florence Easton
425:
409:
402:Florence Easton
387:
342:Gianni Schicchi
275:
260:Gianni Schicchi
253:Gianni Schicchi
230:Gianni Schicchi
194:Gianni Schicchi
157:Giacomo Puccini
143:
138:Gianni Schicchi
129:
128:
123:
118:
116:
63:
62:One-act opera,
54:
41:Giacomo Puccini
31:Gianni Schicchi
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5708:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5655:One-act operas
5652:
5637:
5636:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5531:King of Demons
5526:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5506:
5497:(Rodin, 1917)
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5446:(Manet, 1850s)
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5380:
5374:
5365:
5363:
5362:Music (modern)
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5307:
5303:Dante Symphony
5299:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5272:
5268:The Dante Club
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5187:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:Gert's Inferno
5160:
5152:
5144:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5018:
5015:Palacio Barolo
5011:
5009:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4932:Thomas Aquinas
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4877:Imperial Eagle
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4742:Marco Lombardo
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4697:Garden of Eden
4694:
4692:Gaia da Camino
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4632:Alagia Fieschi
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Giulio Ricordi
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4140:Jacopo Puccini
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3886:
3879:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3705:
3697:
3681:
3668:
3667:External links
3665:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3604:
3598:
3588:, ed. (2004).
3586:Sadie, Stanley
3582:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3535:
3529:
3513:
3497:Newman, Ernest
3493:
3487:
3471:
3451:
3445:
3430:
3424:
3408:
3402:
3389:
3383:
3371:Budden, Julian
3367:
3361:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3300:
3291:
3279:
3258:
3237:
3228:
3185:
3176:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3133:
3093:
3083:
3053:Budden, Julian
3037:
3028:
2988:
2979:
2969:
2934:
2925:
2899:
2866:
2830:
2794:
2792:Wilson, p. 181
2785:
2783:Wilson, p. 180
2776:
2767:
2741:
2705:
2669:
2637:
2611:
2600:on 26 May 2011
2574:
2538:
2513:
2504:
2475:(April 2007).
2457:
2448:
2439:
2427:
2418:
2416:Budden, p. 378
2406:
2397:
2388:
2386:Budden, p. 377
2374:
2365:
2314:
2284:
2270:
2261:
2259:Wilson, p. 178
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2223:Budden, p. 375
2216:
2207:
2205:Budden, p. 405
2198:
2189:
2177:
2175:Budden, p. 372
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2087:. p. 22.
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2015:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1805:
1791:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1747:
1744:
1632:Giuseppe Verdi
1628:
1625:
1514:Henry Krehbiel
1497:
1494:
1349:Teresa Stratas
1225:
1222:
1133:Thomas Beecham
1112:Edward Johnson
956:
953:
951:
948:
811:Giulio Ricordi
765:
762:
757:"Lauretta mia"
690:
687:
684:
683:
682:Carl Schlegel
680:
677:
670:
669:
664:
661:
654:
653:
648:
645:
638:
637:
634:
631:
624:
623:
618:
613:
605:
604:
602:Louis D'Angelo
599:
596:
588:
587:
582:
579:
571:
570:
569:Paolo Ananian
567:
562:
555:
554:
551:
545:
537:
536:
531:
528:
520:
519:
514:
511:
508:Buoso's nephew
503:
502:
497:
492:
484:
483:
478:
473:
465:
464:
459:
454:
446:
445:
440:
435:
431:
430:
422:
417:
386:
383:
304:Pietro Fanfani
274:
271:
159:to an Italian
155:in one act by
131:
130:
124:
114:
112:
108:
107:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5707:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5608:
5607:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5435:Dante in Hell
5432:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5422:(Blake, 1827)
5421:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5401:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5346:(Smith, 1996)
5345:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:(Liszt, 1857)
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:(Liszt, 1849)
5297:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:Earth Inferno
5225:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:Illustrations
5173:
5166:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4967:Great refusal
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:Peter Lombard
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4782:Sapia Salvani
4780:
4778:
4777:Pope Adrian V
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Nino Visconti
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Forese Donati
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Arnaut Daniel
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:Great refusal
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4273:
4271:and locations
4267:
4263:
4262:
4261:Divine Comedy
4257:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4184:Villa Puccini
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4148:(grandfather)
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:Suor Angelica
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:Manon Lescaut
3796:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3658:0-8014-9309-9
3654:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3613:. Cambridge:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3599:1-84451-026-3
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3577:0-86024-972-7
3573:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3556:1-55553-530-5
3552:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3530:0-575-04868-9
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3488:0-231-08978-3
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3446:0-226-29757-8
3442:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3425:1-930841-77-9
3421:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3343:Batta, András
3340:
3339:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3183:Grout, p. 444
3180:
3174:Davis, p. 157
3171:
3165:Davis, p. 162
3162:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:Davis, p. 139
2983:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2556:New Statesman
2552:
2548:
2547:Conrad, Peter
2542:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2508:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2166:Phillips-Matz
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:Performed by
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1779:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1681:"Avete torto"
1676:
1670:
1669:Ernest Newman
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:Julian Budden
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:James Huneker
1521:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1475:Gwynne Howell
1472:
1468:
1467:Richard Jones
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:and starring
1445:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:mezzo-soprano
1363:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1339:Renata Scotto
1335:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:Renata Scotto
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1204:Suor Angelica
1199:
1193:
1187:
1186:Suor Angelica
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1167:"Avete torto"
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:King George V
1121:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:Suor Angelica
1037:
1032:
1031:Marie Tiffany
1027:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1000:
999:Suor Angelica
994:
988:
987:
981:
976:
967:
961:
947:
944:
939:
933:
931:
928:news and the
927:
922:
916:
915:Suor Angelica
908:
905:
899:
898:Suor Angelica
892:
889:
886:
885:
878:
872:
871:
870:Suor Angelica
865:
860:
859:
852:
846:
845:
838:
837:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
796:
790:
789:
782:
781:
775:
771:
761:
758:
752:
748:
746:
741:
735:
730:
719:
715:
712:
710:
702:
701:"Avete torto"
695:
681:
678:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
644:
640:
639:
635:
632:
630:
626:
625:
622:
619:
617:
616:mezzo-soprano
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:
568:
566:
563:
561:
557:
556:
552:
550:
546:
543:
539:
538:
535:
534:Marie Tiffany
532:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
505:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
490:
489:Zita's nephew
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
448:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
423:
421:
418:
415:
414:
403:
399:
391:
382:
379:
374:
370:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
339:tradition in
337:
336:
329:
327:
326:
325:nouveau riche
321:
317:
311:
309:
305:
302:
298:
293:
290:
288:
283:
279:
270:
267:
261:
254:
249:
244:
238:
236:
231:
225:
224:
223:Suor Angelica
217:
216:
208:
205:
203:
195:
189:
183:
182:
176:
175:
174:Divine Comedy
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:) is a comic
149:
141:
139:
127:
113:
109:
106:
105:
104:Divine Comedy
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
70:
69:
61:
57:
50:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
5605:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5508:
5500:
5492:
5473:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5409:
5395:(2011 album)
5390:
5387:(2006 album)
5382:
5373:(1973 album)
5368:
5349:
5341:
5334:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5294:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5250:
5242:
5234:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5193:
5181:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5095:
5088:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5056:
5048:
5039:
5020:
5008:Architecture
4902:Peter Damian
4802:
4752:Nella Donati
4621:
4608:Scarmiglione
4588:Draghignazzo
4394:Guido Guerra
4299:Bonturo Dati
4278:
4259:
4196:
4179:Puccini Spur
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4061:
4053:
3995:Nessun dorma
3967:Vissi d'arte
3904:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3835:
3820:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3721:
3708:
3700:
3694:Google Books
3684:
3673:
3646:
3609:
3589:
3566:
3544:
3520:
3501:Opera Nights
3500:
3478:
3458:
3435:
3416:
3412:
3393:
3374:
3355:. Könemann.
3351:
3347:Neef, Sigrid
3321:. Retrieved
3310:
3303:
3294:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3231:
3219:. Retrieved
3215:the original
3208:
3202:
3199:(May 1977).
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:the original
3113:
3107:
3096:
3060:
3056:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3015:the original
3008:
3002:
2991:
2982:
2946:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:the original
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2879:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2846:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2810:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2754:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:The Observer
2721:
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2687:The Guardian
2685:
2660:. Retrieved
2649:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:the original
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2598:the original
2591:
2585:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2554:
2541:
2534:(in Italian)
2523:
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2486:
2480:
2451:
2442:
2421:
2400:
2391:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2347:
2341:
2334:
2304:. Retrieved
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2082:
2048:
2039:
2030:
1942:
1934:
1823:Translation
1820:First lines
1807:
1798:Frances Alda
1749:
1735:
1719:
1706:
1701:
1692:
1665:
1641:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1607:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1533:
1528:
1517:
1507:
1499:
1479:
1464:
1440:Saimir Pirgu
1438:, and tenor
1425:Thomas Allen
1402:
1395:
1392:Rachmaninoff
1380:
1320:
1308:
1285:
1227:
1213:, and stage
1175:Casa Ricordi
1172:
1147:
1116:
1063:
1018:
1009:
972:
934:
910:
894:
890:
827:
822:
806:
804:
793:
767:
753:
749:
724:
696:
692:
674:
658:
642:
628:
610:Marco's wife
609:
593:Simone's son
592:
575:
559:
541:
540:Gherardino,
524:
507:
500:Giulio Crimi
488:
469:
451:his daughter
450:
330:
323:
319:
312:
296:
294:
285:
276:
239:
209:
172:
135:
134:
102:
18:
5685:1918 operas
5665:Opera buffa
5558:(cancelled)
5523:Video games
5510:The Thinker
5379:(1995 song)
5239:(1917–1962)
5223:(1830–1850)
5190:Jean Giraud
5001:Adaptations
4957:Contrapasso
4927:Saint Peter
4892:Justinian I
4827:Cacciaguida
4822:Bonaventure
4568:Barbariccia
4555:Malebranche
4484:Vanni Fucci
4124:(2001 film)
4116:(2008 film)
4108:(1988 film)
4100:(1965 film)
4092:(1956 film)
4084:(1926 film)
4047:Other works
3913:discography
3896:discography
3868:Il trittico
3844:discography
3829:discography
3814:discography
3415:Il Trittico
3270:complete".
2823:20 December
2760:18 February
2734:10 December
2698:10 December
2662:14 December
2630:28 February
2567:19 December
2335:Il trittico
1952: [
1718:to Verdi's
1537:Il trittico
1471:Bryn Terfel
1432: [
1415:Woody Allen
1410:Il trittico
1344:Il trittico
1328:Il trittico
1198:Il trittico
1180:Il trittico
1177:, to allow
1151:Il trittico
1120:Il trittico
1089:Il trittico
1067:Il trittico
1054:Il trittico
1020:Evening Sun
986:Il trittico
966:Il trittico
830:Maxim Gorky
657:Pinellino,
608:La Ciesca,
585:Adamo Didur
547:soprano or
517:Angelo Badà
426:Conductor:
373:his captain
301:philologist
266:Il trittico
243:Il trittico
181:Il trittico
68:Il trittico
59:Description
5644:Categories
5486:Sculptures
5236:The Cantos
5204:Literature
5073:A TV Dante
4962:Terza rima
4717:Hugh Capet
4623:Purgatorio
4593:Farfarello
4578:Calcabrina
4429:Phlegethon
4269:Characters
3876:Il tabarro
3860:La rondine
3384:0195179749
3323:3 December
3309:"Puccini:
3273:Gramophone
3252:Gramophone
3245:"Puccini:
3221:4 December
3210:Gramophone
3126:4 December
3115:Gramophone
3021:4 December
3010:Gramophone
2918:7 December
2892:6 December
2859:6 December
2604:7 December
2497:4 December
2482:Opera News
2343:Opera News
2306:6 December
2098:2 December
1994:References
1970:Tito Gobbi
1944:Gramophone
1925:Recordings
1810:media help
1796:" sung by
1600:found the
1555:Il tabarro
1549:La tribuna
1480:In a 2023
1427:, soprano
1351:sang the "
1288:Tito Gobbi
1210:Il tabarro
1192:Il tabarro
1129:Queen Mary
1107:Il tabarro
1036:Il tabarro
993:Il tabarro
851:Il tabarro
844:Il tabarro
745:amputation
506:Gherardo,
487:Rinuccio,
449:Lauretta,
420:Voice type
215:Il tabarro
119:1918-12-14
77:Librettist
5403:Paintings
5384:Dante XXI
5041:L'Inferno
4603:Rubicante
4409:Malebolge
4114:La Bohème
4106:La Bohème
4098:La Bohème
4082:La Bohème
3807:La bohème
3509:271770713
3467:251008764
3055:(2002). "
1982:with the
1856:Lauretta
1841:Rinuccio
1661:diatonism
1522:reviewer
1403:In 2007,
1364:sang the
1358:hat-trick
1337:featured
1279:La bohème
1241:Pagliacci
884:La bohème
807:Butterfly
659:a cobbler
647:baritone
612:(age 38)
598:baritone
595:(age 45)
578:(age 70)
542:their son
527:(age 34)
510:(age 40)
491:(age 24)
476:contralto
472:(age 60)
453:(age 21)
369:Balanzone
355:Pantaloon
351:Columbina
347:Harlequin
5606:Category
5555:The Lost
5502:The Kiss
5194:Paradiso
4950:Concepts
4912:Piccarda
4852:Empyrean
4803:Paradiso
4787:Sordello
4652:Belacqua
4598:Malacoda
4583:Ciriatto
4573:Cagnazzo
4563:Alichino
4434:Phlegyas
4344:Ciampolo
4324:Cerberus
4319:Capaneus
4309:Caiaphas
4203:Category
3906:Turandot
3783:Le Villi
3643:(1985).
3541:(2002).
3519:(1990).
3499:(1945).
3477:(1971).
3457:(1958).
3373:(2002).
3317:Archived
2886:Archived
2853:Archived
2817:Archived
2728:Archived
2692:Archived
2656:Archived
2593:Playbill
2561:Archived
2491:Archived
2352:Archived
2300:Archived
2089:Archived
1979:Trittico
1955:Wikidata
1736:Falstaff
1721:Falstaff
1603:Schicchi
1561:Schicchi
1354:trittico
1292:La Scala
858:Le Villi
689:Synopsis
673:Guccio,
643:a notary
629:a doctor
574:Simone,
544:(age 7)
530:soprano
438:baritone
191:operas,
188:trittico
161:libretto
111:Premiere
95:Based on
87:Language
64:part of
5570:Related
5370:Inferno
5351:Inferno
5276:Inferno
5260:Inferno
5196:, 1999)
5022:Danteum
4922:Solomon
4917:Ripheus
4862:Gabriel
4792:Statius
4747:Matelda
4737:Manfred
4667:Casella
4535:Seventh
4479:Ulysses
4349:Cocytus
4289:Acheron
4280:Inferno
4063:Requiem
3909:(1924)
3871:(1918)
3840:(1904)
3825:(1900)
3810:(1896)
3335:Sources
1800:in 1919
1740:Rossini
1620:Variety
1512:critic
1100:verismo
784:. With
734:Moorish
591:Marco,
523:Nella,
457:soprano
320:Inferno
287:Inferno
284:in the
235:Rossini
117: (
90:Italian
5675:Operas
5620:Portal
5550:(2010)
5542:(2001)
5534:(1996)
5513:(1904)
5505:(1882)
5279:(2013)
5271:(2003)
5263:(1976)
5255:(1965)
5247:(1937)
5231:(1905)
5215:(1816)
5186:(1485)
5167:(2023)
5159:(2023)
5151:(2006)
5143:(1971)
5132:Comics
5116:(2013)
5108:(2010)
5100:(2010)
5092:(2007)
5084:(2006)
5076:(1989)
5068:(1987)
5060:(1935)
5052:(1924)
5044:(1911)
5033:Cinema
4976:Verses
4937:Trajan
4540:Eighth
4520:Fourth
4510:Second
4489:Virgil
4444:Plutus
4419:Nessus
4374:Geryon
4339:Ciacco
4334:Chiron
4329:Charon
4133:Family
4066:(1905)
4058:(1880)
3863:(1917)
3855:(1910)
3802:(1893)
3794:(1889)
3786:(1884)
3775:Operas
3655:
3621:
3596:
3574:
3553:
3527:
3507:
3485:
3465:
3443:
3422:
3400:
3381:
3359:
3081:
2967:
2528:
2358:13 May
1986:under
1907:Duet:
1876:Trio:
1642:presto
1458:, and
1374:) and
1317:Bartók
805:After
675:a dyer
549:treble
513:tenor
468:Zita,
5634:Opera
4847:David
4732:Lethe
4682:Eunoe
4545:Ninth
4530:Sixth
4525:Fifth
4515:Third
4505:First
4464:Satan
4414:Minos
4256:Dante
4214:Audio
4122:Tosca
4090:Tosca
3924:Arias
3822:Tosca
3791:Edgar
3276:: 72.
2092:(PDF)
2079:(PDF)
1999:Notes
1958:]
1702:scena
1627:Music
1529:Times
1436:]
1015:'
788:Tosca
679:bass
663:bass
633:bass
581:bass
495:tenor
416:Role
385:Roles
359:Zanni
316:Gemma
282:Dante
240:When
169:Dante
153:opera
99:Dante
37:Opera
4812:Adam
4469:Styx
3692:and
3653:ISBN
3619:ISBN
3594:ISBN
3572:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3525:ISBN
3505:OCLC
3483:ISBN
3463:OCLC
3441:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3379:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3325:2010
3223:2010
3128:2010
3079:ISBN
3023:2010
2965:ISBN
2920:2010
2894:2010
2861:2010
2825:2010
2762:2023
2736:2010
2700:2010
2664:2021
2651:IMDb
2632:2017
2606:2010
2569:2010
2499:2010
2360:2016
2308:2010
2100:2010
1972:and
1558:and
1456:ARTE
1390:and
1127:and
996:and
874:and
823:M.A.
565:bass
308:will
4867:God
4354:Dis
4258:'s
3712:at
3688:at
3249:".
3071:doi
3059:".
2957:doi
1663:".
1594:in
1460:NHK
1394:'s
1360:".
1319:'s
1267:'s
1255:'s
1104:of
926:war
776:'s
299:by
171:'s
163:by
101:'s
39:by
5646::
3617:.
3345:;
3282:^
3207:.
3188:^
3136:^
3112:.
3077:.
3069:.
3040:^
3007:.
2963:.
2955:.
2937:^
2884:.
2878:.
2851:.
2845:.
2815:.
2809:.
2753:.
2726:.
2720:.
2690:.
2684:.
2672:^
2648:.
2590:.
2559:.
2553:.
2487:71
2485:.
2479:.
2460:^
2430:^
2409:^
2377:^
2348:74
2346:.
2340:.
2317:^
2287:^
2273:^
2180:^
2081:.
2057:^
2018:^
2006:^
1742:.
1690:.
1462:.
1454:,
1434:ro
1306:.
1263:,
1051:.
1002:,
381:.
367:,
328:.
227:.
5622::
5192:(
4993:"
4989:"
4986:"
4982:"
4248:e
4241:t
4234:v
4039:"
4035:"
4032:"
4028:"
4025:"
4021:"
4018:"
4014:"
4011:"
4007:"
4004:"
4000:"
3997:"
3993:"
3990:"
3986:"
3983:"
3979:"
3976:"
3972:"
3969:"
3965:"
3962:"
3958:"
3955:"
3951:"
3948:"
3944:"
3941:"
3937:"
3934:"
3930:"
3751:e
3744:t
3737:v
3661:.
3627:.
3602:.
3580:.
3559:.
3533:.
3511:.
3491:.
3469:.
3449:.
3428:.
3406:.
3387:.
3365:.
3327:.
3313:"
3225:.
3205:"
3130:.
3110:"
3087:.
3073::
3025:.
3005:"
2973:.
2959::
2922:.
2896:.
2863:.
2827:.
2764:.
2738:.
2702:.
2666:.
2634:.
2608:.
2571:.
2536:.
2526:,
2522:"
2501:.
2362:.
2337:"
2310:.
2102:.
1812:.
1792:"
1758:"
1754:"
711:"
707:"
289:,
204:"
200:"
142:(
121:)
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.