1873:. These were mostly named either for the location or for their constructor or occupant. The occupants, however, often changed after the expulsion, and several mountain huts especially on the now Polish side received new names. Entire colonies of mountain huts were called after the families who lived there. They are located in the higher parts or the ridge of the Krkonoše and were used by shepherds as wooden refuges in the summer. After 1800, some of the mountain huts became interesting for the first hikers, and towards the end of the 19th century many were converted into hostels. Later, these huts were often expanded to host a larger number of guests. Well-known historical mountain huts include Luční bouda, Martinova bouda and Vosecká bouda in the Czech Republic and Schronisko Strzecha Akademicka, Schronisko Samotnia and Schronisko na Hali Szrenickiej in Poland. In other places, the old mountain huts were replaced by newer buildings which were specially built for tourism purposes. Huts from the 20th century include Petrova bouda and the hut on the summit of mount Sněžka/Śnieżka.
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deutschen
Bewohnern Schlesiens und Nordböhmens sprach man vom "Gebirge", auch vom "Schneegebirge" oder dem "Böhmischen Gebirge", was man bei prominenten Autoren wie Stenus, Rätel, Schwenckfeld und weiteren nachlesen kann. Bekannter und früher erwähnt ist der höchste Berg, die Schneekoppe (Sněžka / Śnieżka), und zwar als Riesenberg, Riseberg u.a. Eine entscheidende Position als Quelle nimmt die Trautenauer Chronik des Simon Hüttel (1549) ein, wo nicht nur der höchste Berg mehrfach erwähnt wird (" ... bin ich Symon Hyttel mit eilf nachbarn von Trautenaw auf den Hrisenberg zu öberst hinauf spaziert"), sondern auch das Gebirge als Ganzes: Hrisenpergisches Gebirge, Hrisengepirge, Hrisengebirge, Risengepirge. Es sollte aber noch einige Zeit dauern, bis sich der Name Riesengebirge endgültig im deutschen Sprachgut etablierte.
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ridges down into the valleys. Races with both types of sledges were a popular pastime among the locals and became an attraction for tourists. As sledging became more and more popular competitions were organized, the most popular and earliest during the late 19th century in
Johannisbad (Janské Lázně). Around 1900, 3,930 sledges with long horn-shaped runners and 6,000 sport sledges were counted on both sides of the mountains.
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1556:). His enterprising spirit was crucial for the further development of the area. For the supplement of the miners he founded many smaller towns in higher parts of the mountains. Further down in the valleys iron work furnaces were built, and water wheels provided the energy required. Due to the intensive economic activity the first deforested enclaves on hillsides and on the peaks appeared during this period.
1959:. Polish-language guidebooks to the Giant Mountains have been published since the 18th century, and in the 18th-19th centuries there were also indigenous Polish mountain guides. In the 19th century, many Czech writers visited the mountains and climbed Sněžka, which they then described in their works. Mount Sněžka was a symbol of the Slavic origin of the Czechs and a source of inspiration in the
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industry and managed mountain huts like Labská bouda and Vosecká bouda. Many of these mountain huts had previously been owned by aristocratic landowners, but were given to the Czech Hikers Club (KCT) after the Land
Control Act. This influx was stopped when the Czechoslovakian side of the mountains was occupied by Germany in 1938, and many of these Czechs left the region or were expelled.
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1456:); they first colonized the Polish (Silesian) northern part, where farming conditions were better, and later the southern Bohemian part along the Elbe and Úpa rivers. Many agricultural settlements, markets and handcraft communities and cities were founded at that time, and they formed a base for the further colonization of the mountain range.
1822:, hundreds of traditional houses and mountain huts decayed or turned into architecturally worthless objects and countless memorials, chapels, shrines, landmarks and springs were destroyed, because they were either German-related or ecclesiastic. New Polish names were issued by political decree in the Polish northern Giant Mountains.
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The higher parts form the montane vegetation zone. Their natural coniferous forests have also in large parts been replaced by spruce monocultures, which are often heavily damaged due to air pollution and soil acidification. In many places, the forest is dead. This is due to the geographic location in
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Bei Paul Stránský erscheint 1643 der Satz: "Krkonosse nostrum vulgus accolae
Germani alterum Schneekippe, alterum ab arbusculis, quae in eo humiles sunt, Knieholz, quidam vero montes gigantum appellant" (Schwarz, 1961, p. 95). Damit sei auch die Bedeutung des Namens angesprochen, jedenfalls wird auf
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was established in
Jungbuch (Mladé Buky) by master carpenter Franz Baudisch. The first crossing of the main ridge was done in 1892/93. Skiing as a popular sport was mainly brought forward by forest wardens, teachers and industrialists and business people who provided money to create and maintain the
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The ridges are divided by the rivers Elbe, Mumlava, Bílé Labe, Velka Úpa, Malá Úpa and Jizera, which originates in the Jizera mountains. The rivers on the Czech side often fall over steep edges into valleys formed by ice-age glaciers. The largest waterfalls on the southern side of the mountains are
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The towns and villages of the Giant
Mountains became a popular venue for national and international competitions, its athletes ranked among the best of the era. The first German Nordic combined champion was a local, the competition itself was staged in Schreiberhau (Szklarska Poręba). Schreiberhau
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resettled the area, while Czechs re-settled the southern
Bohemian side of the mountain range. Today the population density of the area of the national park is two-thirds lower than before World War II, as it is a protected area, and many houses are only used at weekends, for recreational purposes.
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In the 14th–16th centuries, miners, glassmakers, charcoal burners, woodcutters and shepherds settled in the mountains. The first glassworks reportedly was established in the Cicha Dolina ("Silent Valley") at the foot of the
Grzybowiec mountain on the Polish side already in the 13th century, yet it
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described a sledging of ten kilometres (6.2 miles) from
Grenzbauden (Pomezní boudy) to Schmiedeberg (Kowary) already in 1817. Much earlier however heavy sledges already transported timber and hay whereas smaller and more manoeuvrable sledges, so called "Hitsch'n", were used to get faster from the
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such as the Obří důl, Labský důl and Důl Bílého Labe on the south side and the dramatic Śnieżne Kotły, Kocioł Łomniczki and the calderas of mountain lakes Wielki Staw and Mały Staw on the north side of the main ridge. The species-richest areas are called zahrádka ("garden"). There are about 15 in
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The first people who explored the inner parts of the Giant
Mountains were treasure hunters and miners looking for gold, silver, ores and valuable stones, mainly on the Silesian side. In the 14th and 15th centuries foreigners who spoke a non-German language came to the mountains. They were called
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The climate of the Giant Mountains is marked by frequent weather changes. The winters are cold and snow depths above 3 metres (9.8 feet) are not uncommon. Many parts of the mountains are covered with snow for five or six months. There is often dense fog at the higher altitudes. On average, mount
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of 1618–1648 sparked further exploration and settlement of the Giant Mountains, as the inhabitants, fleeing from the armies, took refuge in the mountains, sometimes founding new villages. Religious refugees from the Bohemian part fled to the Silesian part of the mountains, where they settled in
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Der Name Riesengebirge ist jung und hat sich erst im 19. Jahrhundert richtig durchgesetzt, als der 1880 gegründete Riesengebirgsverein dieses bemerkenswerte Mittelgebirge als Wander- und Wintersportgebiet propagierte, das von Prag und Berlin aus in wenigen Bahnstunden zu erreichen war. Bei den
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Around 1900 a number of sports clubs were founded in the Giant Mountains. The leading role of the region back then was emphasised by the fact that 5 of the 12 founding clubs of the Austrian Ski Federation (ÖSV) were located in this part of the Bohemia, that the office of the ÖSV was located in
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With the development of settlement and tourism, there have been cases of deaths from falls from heights, straying and freezing or from avalanches. The oldest surviving records of avalanches date back to the 17th century, whereas the oldest surviving monument to a mountain victim is located on
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was founded, and in the following years there was an influx of Czechs on the Bohemian side of the mountains. Usually these people worked for the government (in contrast to the German inhabitants they spoke both Czech and German, which was required), but some of them also worked in the tourism
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region, created another group of inhabitants who spoke a different German dialect and brought another domestic culture to the Krkonoše. On the mountain hillsides they founded new settlements, laid down the basis for later farming by breeding cattle and built wooden dams to retain the water.
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The clearing of forests in the surroundings of mountain huts created species-rich mountain meadows, which were maintained in alpine pasture farming. After the expulsion of Germans in 1945, this type of management largely came to a standstill and the mountain meadows were largely abandoned.
2158:(DSV). After the breakup of Austro-Hungary and the creation of Czechoslovakia the German clubs of the Bohemian side of the Giant mountains joined the newly founded HDW, an association for all German winter sports clubs in Czechoslovakia, whereas the small Czech minority joined the
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crossed the Giant Mountains during his reprisal campaign against Bohemia in 1110. Until the establishment of Poland in the 10th-11th century the mountain range and its foothills were unpopulated, with deep, impenetrable forests. The Polish part was administratively part of the
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emissions, which are mainly responsible for acid rain, and the emission of many other concentrations have been greatly reduced since the beginning of the 1990s, but the forest die-back, which started in the 1970s and culminated in the late 1980s, could not be stopped entirely.
1339:, KPN) was created in 1959 and covers an area of 55.8 square kilometres (21.5 square miles). It covers the highly sensitive higher parts of the mountain range from an altitude of about 900 to 1,000 metres (3,000 to 3,300 feet) and some special nature reserves below this zone.
1566:, who in former times supplied the mountain huts during most of the year. The picture shows members of the Hofer and Mitlöhner families, two long-established dynasties from the eastern part of the Bohemian side of the mountains. The ancestors of both families came from
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on the Bohemian side. The touristic development of the Krkonoše was one of their goals, and this primarily meant the construction of hiking trails. In the following years they created a network of 3,000 kilometres (1,900 miles), with 500 kilometres (310 miles) on the
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Sněžka/Śnieżka is at least partly hidden in fog and/or clouds on 296 days, and has an average of about 0.2 °C, which is similar to places much further north, like Iceland. The main ridge is one of the most wind-exposed areas of Europe. On the northern side the
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There are also many impressive rock formations, such as Dívčí kameny-Śląskie Kamienie and Mužské kameny-Czeskie Kamienie, above 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) on the main ridge, Harrachovy kameny on the Czech side, and Pielgrzymy and Słonecznik in Poland. These
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The area of the Giant Mountains amounts to 631 square kilometres (244 square miles), 454 square kilometres (175 square miles) within the Czech Republic and 177 square kilometres (68 square miles) in Poland. While most of the Sudetes are middle-sized
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started in many places, which caused irreparable damage. These orders led to the third wave of colonization, which fully affected the mountain ridges. In 1566 he invited lumberjacks from Alpine countries to settle in his domain. These people from
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settlers in the Bohemian part goes back to the 13th century, but only includes the foothills; the mountain ridges were still unpopulated. The second wave of colonization of the foothills in the late 13th century was mostly by German settlers
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the Labský vodopád with a height of 50 metres (160 feet), Pančavský waterfall (140 metres (460 feet), the highest waterfall in the Czech Republic), Horní Úpský waterfall, Dolní Úpský waterfall and Mumlavský waterfall (10 metres or 33
1491:), and their journeys to the "treasure" deposits were recorded in so-called "Wallenbüchern" (Wallen books). Mysterious orientation signs from these "Wallen" are visible to this day, especially on the northern side of the mountains.
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After the defeat of Germany in the war, the mountains became again part Czechoslovakia and Poland, although with Soviet-installed communist regimes, which stayed in power until the 1980s. Almost the entire German population was
1652:) in German, remained in the higher parts of the mountains, which were used during the cattle pasturage in the summer and sometimes even through the winter. Among the oldest are Luční bouda, Stara Śląska Buda at
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1410:, between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and then between Poland and the Czech Republic. Apart from minor adjustments, the boundary has survived unchanged to this day. It is disputed whether the Polish ruler
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After World War II, ski resorts expanded with new lifts and slopes on both sides of the mountains, while the traditional mountain huts were neglected. Many were victims of fires, such as Labská bouda,
1785:. The camps held prisoners of various nationalities, including Polish (often women and sometimes even children), Italian, French, Jewish, Czech, Belgian, Luxembourgish, Ukrainian and Russian. Belgian,
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The main ridge of the Giant Mountains forms the watershed between the North Sea and the Baltic. The rivers on the south side drain into the North Sea, those on the north side into the Baltic.
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The strict conservation regulations of the Polish national park prohibit reforestation of damaged and dead forests. On the Czech side, however, large-scale reforestation projects are common.
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existed nearby already in the 12th century, however, the oldest villages on the foothills on the Polish side were founded in the 13th century. Among the first native inhabitants were
2118:(Szczecin). A pair of them, the first recorded skis in the Giant Mountains, ended up at the Peterbaude (Petrovka). The locals however didn't know their purpose, and it wasn't until
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During the 17th century the mountain range on the Bohemian side was divided among new landowners, most of them Catholics and foreign to the region. These included the families of
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The Giant Mountains form one of the most traditional tourist areas in Central Europe. As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, ascents of the Sněžka were common, for instance by
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3098:, Verein zur Erforschung und Darstellung der Geschichte Kreuzbergs and Bezirksmuseum Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (eds.), Berlin: Kreuzberg-Museum, 2007, pp. 54 and 74.
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2122:"Paa ski over Grønland" (The First Crossing of Greenland) was translated into German in 1891 that skiing became popular. At the same year the first ski manufacture of
1328:. Its area is approximately 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi), including not only the subalpine zone but also large parts down to the foot of the mountains.
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recorded in 1679 that the mountains were known under various names: Krkonoše (Cerconossios), Rhipaeos Montes, Obrovski Mountains, Snow Mountains or Riesen Gebirge.
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appeared for the first time, but in the following centuries several other names were still used too. Martin Helwig's map of Silesia mentions Riſenberg (Risenberg).
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There are hundreds of kilometres of cycling and cross country roads, natural single tracks and demanding rock garden downhill courses in Karkonosze National Park.
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1518:, directly below mount Sněžka/Śnieżka, and at the same time many other mines were opened in other central parts of the mountains, like Svatý Petr, now part of
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Przerwa, Tomasz (2020). "Zatrudnienie jeńców belgijskich, francuskich i radzieckich przy budowie Drogi na Przełęcz Karkonoską (Spindlerpaßstraße) 1940–1942".
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is within the Giant Mountains. The range has a number of major ski resorts, and is a popular destination for tourists engaging in downhill and cross-country
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the following year. The Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society re-opened several mountain huts. The cross-border hiking trail on the main ridge called "
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which often resemble humans or animals, and reach heights up to 30 metres (98 feet). Similar formations can be found in other parts of the Sudetes.
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enlarged the Erdmannsdorf manor house. Many new parks were created and manors and palaces rebuilt according to the newest architectural styles.
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1694:, now a district of Jelenia Góra) with its hot springs became a popular bath and tourist centre on the northern side of the mountains. In 1822
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The population exchange also led to a decline of the cultural landscape. In large parts of the mountains the meadows ran to seed, settlements
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Since the Middle Ages, a state border has been established in the Giant Mountains, first between Poland and Bohemia, then between the Polish
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valley, whereas the southern Czech part slopes gently to the Bohemian basin. In the north-easterly direction the Giant Mountains continue to
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The Giant Mountains are a traditional winter sports centre in Central Europe. The largest mountain resorts are located on the Czech side in
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trails run across Polish and Czech Republic's borders and are set against forested mountain sides, green pastures, lakes and cold rivers.
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from neighbouring Brückenberg (Karpacz) won the European luge championships many times. The first Rendezvous race, predecessor of today's
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2154:) and that the first president of the ÖSV was Guido Rotter, a local from the mountains. The clubs on the Silesian side were part of the
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Estate, which he had learned to appreciate when visiting his brother in Fischbach and the previous owner of Erdmannsdorf, field marshal
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1671:, Morzin and de Waggi. Disputes about the borders of each domain soon followed, but were settled between 1790 and 1810. Since the
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changed the character of the mountains and shaped the cultural landscape significantly. Hundreds of families, especially from the
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The Bohemian ridge in the Czech Republic, running parallel to the main ridge, forms a second ridge (also called inner ridge). At
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built numerous holiday villas on the Silesian side, many of which are preserved to this day and provide a special flair, as in
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and Soviet prisoners of war, and possibly also Czech and Polish civilians, were used to build a road connecting the village of
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The main ridge of the mountains runs from east to west and forms the border between these two countries. Its highest peak,
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was introduced during the same time when in 1880 Dr. Krause from Hirschberg (Jelenia Gora) bought some Norwegian skis in
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2037:. Similarly many hiking trails, ski jumps and luge tracks fell into disrepair due to lack of care. In 1945, the Polish
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Bartkowski, Zbigniew (1972). "Obozy pracy przymusowej i obozy jenieckie na Ziemi Jeleniogróskiej w latach 1939–1945".
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In the 1970s and 1980s, Polish and Czech anti-communist activists met illegally in the Giant Mountains. Following the
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aristocrat and royal senior captain of King Ferdinand I, appeared in the Krkonoše and obtained the entire dominion of
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the Black Triangle, a region around the German–Polish–Czech border triangle with many coal-burning power plants. The
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visited the Giant Mountains in 1800. At the end of the 19th century two mountain clubs were founded, the German
2665:(2008). "High-mountain elements in the geomorphology of the Sudetes, Bohemian Massif, and their significance".
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2652:'Der Wanderer im Riesengebirge, Nr.3, 1929, Deutscher Riesengebirgsverein (RGV), Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau
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acquired parts of the mountains, and the town of Vrchlabí served as a base for armament of his army. The
1371:) on mount Sněžka/Śnieżka. The highest precipitation, at 1,512 mm (59.5 in), is reached in the
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between 1888 and 1894 the garden architect Hermann Mächtig designed its waterfall after the Zackelfall (
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is a frequent meteorological phenomenon. The annual precipitation ranges from about 700 millimetres (28
1797:("Borowice Road"). Poor sanitary and feeding conditions resulted in a high mortality rate, and after a
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1718:. The valley became a princely hideaway, and in 1838 the king purchased nearby Schildau Castle (today
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certainly operated in the 14th–16th centuries. In the mid-14th century, there were also glassworks in
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dynasty who took his summer residence in the Hirschberg (Jelenia Góra) valley, at Fischbach (today
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The mountain range is traversed by the cross-border hiking trail along the main ridge called the "
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north of them since the Middle Ages), defines the border between Bohemia and Silesia to this day.
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dominions (which family owned the Silesian part of the mountains, as well as large estates in the
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2502:. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization. p. 36. Archived from
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mountains, the Giant Mountains have a few characteristics of proper high mountains such as
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Geographishe Namen in den Böhmischen Ländern – ein Online-Wörterbuch von Walter Sperling (
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The range has been called the Giant Mountains in English literature since at least 1719.
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On both sides of the border, large areas of the mountains are designated national parks (
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The Giant Mountains within the geomorphological division of the northern Czech Republic.
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hiked through the mountains to find inspiration. Future President of the United States
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By order of Christopher von Gendorf, widespread timber cutting for the silver mine in
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near two provincial paths between Bohemia and Poland in the 12th century. The town of
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Above the timber line at about 1,250 to 1,350 m (4,100 to 4,430 ft) is the
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altgriechisch krka = Knieholz hingewiesen, der Name würde "Knieholzberg" bedeuten.
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Typical for the Giant Mountains are its numerous mountain huts, which are called
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1999:(Jelenia Góra), enabled a convenient and speedy arrival. On laying out Berlin's
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1967:(19th century period of industrial and economic growth) many manufacturers from
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As a result, the mountains became one of the most popular vacation areas in the
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Auf dem Gipfel von Berlin – Ein Spaziergang durch den Viktoriapark in Kreuzberg
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needed infrastructure and sponsored equipment for poorer people and schools.
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into two parts. The first map occurrence of the name dates back to 1518 to
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Western Giant Mountains, Eastern Giant Mountains, Wielki Staw and Mały Staw
695:(13.3 metres or 44 feet) Wodospad na Łomnicy (10 m or 33 ft) or
683:). The most important rivers on the Polish side are Kamienna, Łomnica and
1452:
1435:
1297:
On both the Czech and Polish side, large parts of the mountain range are
1203:
1105:
730:
680:
626:
612:
409:
52:
2584:
2223:
1948:
Sněžka/Śnieżka and commemorates Jan Pieniążek-Odrowąż who died in 1828.
1545:
1529:
2264:
2146:
Hohenelbe (Vrchlabí) for the first three years (afterwards it moved to
2135:
1878:
1819:
1774:
1741:
1621:
1360:
664:
1980:
1719:
1199:. The aboriginal hardwood and mixed forests are largely replaced with
1155:
642:
2430:
Alpine vegetation zone at the main ridge 1,400 m (4,600 ft)
2254:
2151:
2082:
1782:
1419:
1243:
1177:
808:
619:
510:
114:
3166:
3224:
3116:
2191:
2115:
1984:
1955:. In the 19th century, the most numerous tourists were Germans and
1846:
1707:
1468:
1266:
1035:
615:
523:
2493:"The Krkonoše / Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (BRKK)"
2041:("Lower Silesian Tourist and Sightseeing Society") was founded in
400:). The Czech–Polish border, which divides the historic regions of
2340:
2260:
2094:
2062:
2022:
1988:
1941:
1882:
1668:
1613:
1567:
1507:
1422:. The first traces of human settlements probably appeared in the
1387:
1277:
Krkonoše, for example Čertova zahrádka und Krakonošova zahrádka.
630:
539:
528:
497:. The origin of the name is usually interpreted as a compound of
486:
452:
405:
401:
393:
247:
1559:
1416:
684:
2415:
2399:
2383:
2270:
2227:
2147:
2098:
1968:
1798:
1778:
1663:
Vosecká bouda, one of the few huts managed by Czechs after 1918
1446:
1431:
1290:
448:
444:
389:
60:
3309:
2608:
Lech Rugała, "O nazewnictwie Sudetów", Sudety Klub of Poznan,
2195:
1935:(Giant Mountains Club) on the Silesian side and the Austrian
1814:
1488:
1442:
and hunters, and the first immigrants were gold prospectors.
1383:
1206:. Only the river valleys offer remnants of hardwood forests.
2011:) and a gully after Wolfsschlucht (Vlčí rokle in Adršpach).
1320:, KRNAP) was created in 1963 as the second national park in
1209:
3335:
2992:
Monitor Polski, Dziennik Urzędowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
1553:
1368:
1367:) at the foot of the mountains up to 1,230 millimetres (48
1364:
592:
440:
3239:
3061:
1463:
granted the western portion of the Giant Mountains to the
656:
584:(Polish) became widely accepted only in the 19th century.
3129:.see references for bibliographical details, p. 34.
3049:
3037:
2795:
2367:
Panorama of the Giant Mountains from the south (from the
3255:
3145:
3143:
3078:
3076:
3003:
3001:
2747:
2735:
1801:
epidemic broke out in 1942 the construction was halted.
481:
name "Krkonoše" is first mentioned (in the singular, as
3247:
2771:
2713:
2711:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
1250:. They are endemic, which means they only appear here.
3121:(1977), Ostfildern/Kemnat and Munich: Baedeker, 1988,
705:
3140:
3073:
3025:
3013:
2998:
2783:
2500:
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve on the Czech-Polish boundary
2468:. University of Adam Mickiewicz. 2008. Archived from
1829:, presidents of Czechoslovakia and Poland met at the
1280:
2807:
2759:
2723:
2708:
2691:
2314:– Scientific journal from the Krkonoše National Park
2162:, an association for all Czech winter sports clubs.
1869:, which means booth or building. The Polish name is
1836:
1757:
There was no fighting in the Giant Mountains during
1532:
Castle built by Christopher von Gendorf in 1545–1546
384:), are a mountain range located in the north of the
1354:
View from the main ridge towards the Bohemian ridge
485:) in a 1492 record of the division of the Manor of
433:
Krkonoše/Karkonosze Transboundary Biosphere Reserve
2985:"Rozporządzenie Ministra Administracji Publicznej"
2887:
2885:
2414:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2398:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2382:Panorama of Giant Mountains from the north (from
2039:Dolnośląskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze
649:) at Jakuszyce forms the western border with the
629:, is the highest peak of the Czech Republic. The
561:In 1380, Přibík Pulkava called the mountains the
3437:
3203:(in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie.
1195:The river valleys and lower layers form the sub-
687:. They also form impressive waterfalls, such as
38:Sněžka – the highest peak of the Giant Mountains
2610:Portal INTERIA.PL – więcej niż się spodziewasz!
1628:). Following the war, several cottages, called
633:northern part, in Poland, drops steeply to the
408:, runs along the main ridge. The highest peak,
2882:
2205:
1375:in the valleys at the foot of the main ridge.
3295:
2222:The Giant Mountains is the legendary home of
1506:In 1511 German miners from the region around
1269:). Only grass, moss and lichen survive here.
3177:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2237:The Giant Mountains provide the setting for
1324:, making it the oldest national park in the
513:(a reference to the local vegetation) – and
431:in Poland), and these together comprise the
1861:in German. Both names are derived from the
675:the river Elbe divides the Bohemian ridge.
3302:
3288:
2860:
1710:) castle. In 1831 the king himself bought
1624:) and Jagniątków (present-day district of
538:In Simon Hüttel's chronicle of Trautenau (
493:, when it is referred to the mountains as
3272:Giant Mountains On The Bike – Photography
3256:Official Karkonoski Park Narodowy website
2994:. Vol. XXVII, no. A - 44. 1949.
1293:on the northern, Polish side of the range
618:and an elevation significantly above the
3240:Official tourist website of the Krkonose
3195:tr. by John Chamberlayne. London: Senex.
3161:
2655:
2217:
2166:also hosted several luge championships.
2129:
2013:
1896:
1840:
1740:
1658:
1558:
1524:
1382:
1349:
1284:
1229:
1208:
655:
645:. The pass Novosvětský průsmyk (Polish:
591:
462:
2830:
2575:
2484:
2285:, mountain resort in the Czech Republic
1793:with Przełęcz Karkonoska, now known as
1620:, Michałowice (present-day district of
3438:
3248:Official Krkonoše národní park website
3198:
3149:
3082:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2813:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2729:
2717:
2702:
2685:
2490:
2454:
2047:Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society
3451:Mountain ranges of the Czech Republic
3319:Mountain ranges of the Czech Republic
3283:
2856:
2854:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2661:
2241:'s "Der Hirt des Riesengebürgs," or "
803:Highest peak in the Western Krkonoše
371:
342:
325:
2578:"Historické proměny krajiny Krkonoš"
2226:, a half-mischievous, half-friendly
565:(Snowy Mountains). The Czech writer
2865:(in Polish). Vol. X. Wrocław:
2507:(PDF file, direct download 2.00 MB)
2355:Mały Szyszak, view from Tępy Szczyt
2243:The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains
766:Highest peak of the Bohemian Ridge
706:Highest peaks and peaks of interest
13:
2851:
2819:
2248:
1445:The first wave of colonization by
1281:National parks and nature reserves
14:
3467:
3218:
2190:". The start point is located on
1944:(main) and Bohemian ridge alone.
1837:Mountain huts and rock formations
1608:Marysin (present-day district of
3424:
3311:
2867:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
2423:
2407:
2391:
2375:
2360:
2348:
2325:
470:on Klaudyán map of Bohemia, 1518
32:
3155:
3119:Berlin-Kreuzberg: Bezirksführer
3109:
3088:
2977:
2954:
2931:
2908:
2873:
2068:
1726:, Princess of the Netherlands.
1675:Silesia had become part of the
437:Man and the Biosphere Programme
16:Czech and Polish mountain range
2646:
2624:
2602:
2569:
2530:
2521:
2105:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
1702:, was the first prince of the
744:Highest peak; cabin lift from
531:and refers to a pre-Celtic or
1:
3185:
2833:Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny
2635:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2576:Holubec, Pavel (2003-04-17).
2557:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2542:Prof. em. Dr. Walter Sperling
2447:
2188:Polish–Czech Friendship Trail
2051:Polish–Czech Friendship Trail
1979:to Schreiberhau from Berlin,
1698:, a brother of Prussian king
667:and an old mountain hut, 1900
396:mountain system (part of the
2551:) in Zusammenarbeit mit dem
2305:
2239:Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
2045:, which was merged with the
1902:Morning in the Riesengebirge
1272:Especially species-rich are
1173:1,021 m (3,350 ft)
1151:1,036 m (3,399 ft)
1128:1,235 m (4,052 ft)
1102:1,299 m (4,262 ft)
1086:1,315 m (4,314 ft)
1063:1,344 m (4,409 ft)
1043:1,362 m (4,469 ft)
1025:1,363 m (4,472 ft)
1007:1,377 m (4,518 ft)
982:1,390 m (4,560 ft)
964:1,411 m (4,629 ft)
946:1,414 m (4,639 ft)
928:1,416 m (4,646 ft)
910:1,421 m (4,662 ft)
892:1,424 m (4,672 ft)
873:1,435 m (4,708 ft)
855:1,440 m (4,720 ft)
837:1,472 m (4,829 ft)
819:1,489 m (4,885 ft)
800:1,509 m (4,951 ft)
782:1,554 m (5,098 ft)
763:1,555 m (5,102 ft)
741:1,603 m (5,259 ft)
587:
278:Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic
65:1,603 m (5,259 ft)
7:
2435:
2206:Mountain biking and cycling
1753:POWs killed by Nazi Germany
699:(10 m or 33 ft).
641:, and in the south-east to
527:, which is first listed by
10:
3472:
2583:(in Czech). Archived from
2527:Nieuwentyt (1719), p. 504.
2462:"Karkonoski National Park"
2318:
2089:and on the Polish side in
1904:, early 1810s painting by
1892:
1378:
1345:
427:in the Czech Republic and
127:
3456:Mountain ranges of Poland
3422:
3401:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
3326:
3193:The Religious Philosopher
2181:
1975:(formerly Schreiberhau).
1240:subalpine vegetation zone
373:[ˈʁiːzn̩ɡəˌbɪʁɡə]
282:
272:
246:
241:
227:
188:
181:, Úpa, Mumlava, Bóbr and
173:
165:
147:
143:Czech Republic and Poland
139:
134:
113:
108:
69:
59:
48:
43:
31:
26:
21:
3351:Elbe Sandstone Mountains
3341:Central Bohemian Uplands
2176:Nordic Ski Championships
1733:In 1918 the Republic of
1690:At first Bad Warmbrunn (
1601:Albrecht von Wallenstein
1337:Karkonoski Park Narodowy
1333:Karkonosze National Park
1190:
691:(27 metres or 89 feet),
544:Hrisenpergisches Gebirge
458:
429:Karkonosze National Park
3411:Upper Palatinate Forest
3366:Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains
3225:Giant Mountains website
3174:Encyclopædia Britannica
2869:. pp. 98–103, 111.
1809:in accordance with the
1673:Treaty of Berlin (1742)
1538:Christopher von Gendorf
1318:Krkonošský národní park
1112:, TV tower, ski resort
491:Klaudyán map of Bohemia
3199:Staffa, Marek (2001).
2291:, ski resort in Poland
2156:German Ski Association
2142:
2026:
1961:Czech National Revival
1921:Caspar David Friedrich
1917:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
1908:
1906:Caspar David Friedrich
1850:
1754:
1692:Cieplice Śląskie Zdrój
1664:
1571:
1533:
1406:, between Germany and
1391:
1355:
1314:Krkonoše National Park
1294:
1255:alpine vegetation zone
1235:
1214:
904:Harrachowskie Kamienie
668:
646:
597:
542:) from 1549 the names
471:
455:and other activities.
425:Krkonoše National Park
417:
388:and the south-west of
365:
3168:"Riesengebirge"
2863:Rocznik Jeleniogórski
2301:in the Czech Republic
2279:in the Czech Republic
2257:in the Czech Republic
2218:Legend and literature
2133:
2017:
1963:movement. During the
1900:
1844:
1744:
1700:Frederick William III
1662:
1562:
1528:
1461:Bernard the Lightsome
1412:Bolesław III Wrymouth
1398:and Bohemia, between
1386:
1353:
1288:
1242:, which is marked by
1233:
1212:
1068:Rokytnice nad Jizerou
659:
595:
466:
340:Polish pronunciation:
93:50.73611°N 15.74028°E
27:Krkonoše / Karkonosze
3381:Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge
3070:, pp. 127, 169.
2055:Główny Szlak Sudecki
2035:Prinz-Heinrich-Baude
1728:Frederick William IV
1716:August von Gneisenau
1599:In the 17th century
1570:in the 16th century.
1471:, and in 1292, Duke
826:Violík (Labský štít)
572:The modern names of
439:. The source of the
344:[karkɔˈnɔʂɛ]
327:[ˈkr̩konoʃɛ]
148:Regions, Voivodeship
3058:, pp. 126–127.
3046:, pp. 242–243.
2879:Przerwa, pp. 10, 12
2668:Geographia Polonica
2553:Collegium Carolinum
2194:and the end in the
1993:Deutsche Luft Hansa
1937:Riesengebirgsverein
1933:Riesengebirgsverein
1831:Przełęcz Karkonoska
1771:Przełęcz Karkonoska
1722:) for his daughter
1685:Jelenia Góra Valley
1514:started working in
1479:in the east to the
1465:Knights Hospitaller
208: /
89: /
3391:Lusatian Mountains
3376:Javořice Highlands
3264:Riesengebirge Club
3230:2007-04-29 at the
2804:, p. 104–105.
2756:, pp. 51, 60.
2744:, pp. 54, 89.
2640:2012-05-05 at the
2615:2011-08-19 at the
2562:2016-03-03 at the
2547:2016-03-03 at the
2143:
2027:
1909:
1863:Middle High German
1851:
1765:camps, located in
1755:
1677:Kingdom of Prussia
1665:
1572:
1534:
1501:Vysoké nad Jizerou
1473:Bolko I the Strict
1430:and probably also
1392:
1356:
1295:
1236:
1215:
669:
647:Przełęcz Szklarska
598:
472:
256:Caledonian orogeny
98:50.73611; 15.74028
44:Highest point
3433:
3432:
3416:White Carpathians
3356:Fichtel Mountains
2839:. Opole: 5, 8–9.
2780:, pp. 70–71.
2688:, pp. 42–43.
2019:Vang stave church
1991:, and later even
1977:Direct rail links
1929:John Quincy Adams
1925:Carl Gustav Carus
1827:Fall of Communism
1811:Potsdam Agreement
1605:Thirty Years' War
1188:
1187:
900:Harrachovy kameny
852:Kleine Sturmhaube
639:Rudawy Janowickie
435:under the UNESCO
324:
307:
306:
236:Rudawy Janowickie
212:50.767°N 15.617°E
190:Range coordinates
3463:
3428:
3386:Jizera Mountains
3346:Doupov Mountains
3320:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3214:
3191:Nieuwentyt, Dr.
3179:
3178:
3170:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3138:
3113:
3107:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:"veselyvylet.cz"
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2939:"veselyvylet.cz"
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2916:"veselyvylet.cz"
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2893:"veselyvylet.cz"
2889:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2828:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2567:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2497:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2472:on June 14, 2013
2458:
2427:
2411:
2395:
2379:
2364:
2352:
2329:
2312:Opera Corcontica
2289:Szklarska Poręba
2120:Fridtjof Nansens
2091:Szklarska Poręba
2009:Kamieńczyk Falls
1973:Szklarska Poręba
1845:Mountain hut on
1644:) in Polish and
1610:Szklarska Poręba
1497:Szklarska Poręba
1440:charcoal burners
1424:Duchy of Bohemia
1213:View from Sněžka
1176:Chairlifts from
1154:Highest peak of
1048:Szklarska Poręba
998:
940:Śląskie Kamienie
922:Czeskie Kamienie
889:Große Sturmhaube
710:
709:
689:Kamieńczyk Falls
651:Jizera Mountains
383:
382:
381:
375:
370:
360:
354:
353:
352:
346:
341:
337:
336:
335:
329:
322:
232:Jizera Mountains
223:
222:
220:
219:
218:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
94:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
36:
19:
18:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3420:
3396:Maple Mountains
3361:Giant Mountains
3331:Bohemian Forest
3322:
3318:
3310:
3308:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3232:Wayback Machine
3221:
3211:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3141:
3114:
3110:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:, pp. 242.
3030:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
2999:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2859:
2852:
2829:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2642:Wayback Machine
2629:
2625:
2619:
2617:Wayback Machine
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2564:Wayback Machine
2549:Wayback Machine
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2495:
2491:UNESCO (2011).
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2442:Grzbiet Lasocki
2438:
2431:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2396:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2344:
2330:
2321:
2308:
2299:mountain resort
2295:Špindlerův Mlýn
2283:Pec pod Sněžkou
2251:
2249:Important towns
2232:German folklore
2220:
2212:Mountain biking
2208:
2184:
2170:and his sister
2140:Pec pod Sněžkou
2124:Austria-Hungary
2079:Špindlerův Mlýn
2075:Pec pod Sněžkou
2071:
2059:Świeradów Zdrój
1987:(Szczecin) and
1919:. Artists like
1895:
1839:
1795:Droga Borowicka
1749:, dedicated to
1520:Špindlerův Mlýn
1477:Grzbiet Lasocki
1381:
1348:
1307:nature reserves
1283:
1274:glacial cirques
1193:
1133:Špindlerův Mlýn
1131:Chairlift from
1066:Chairlift from
1046:Chairlift from
992:
776:Studzienna Góra
746:Pec pod Sněžkou
708:
673:Špindlerův Mlýn
609:glacial cirques
590:
567:Bohuslav Balbín
533:Germanic people
461:
398:Bohemian Massif
377:
376:
368:
356:
348:
347:
339:
331:
330:
311:Giant Mountains
303:
268:
216:
214:
210:
207:
202:
199:
197:
195:
194:
97:
95:
91:
88:
83:
80:
78:
76:
75:
39:
22:Giant Mountains
17:
12:
11:
5:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3220:
3219:External links
3217:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3196:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3165:, ed. (1911).
3163:Chisholm, Hugh
3154:
3152:, p. 180.
3139:
3108:
3094:Rike Fischer,
3087:
3085:, p. 154.
3072:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3024:
3022:, p. 149.
3012:
3010:, p. 184.
2997:
2976:
2953:
2930:
2907:
2881:
2872:
2850:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2792:, p. 104.
2782:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2707:
2690:
2678:
2654:
2645:
2623:
2601:
2568:
2529:
2520:
2509:on May 1, 2015
2483:
2466:National Parks
2452:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2372:
2369:Czech Republic
2366:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2219:
2216:
2207:
2204:
2183:
2180:
2070:
2067:
1995:air links via
1913:Theodor Körner
1894:
1891:
1838:
1835:
1815:eastern Poland
1735:Czechoslovakia
1536:In the 1530s,
1487:"Wallen" (see
1481:Krzeszów Abbey
1459:In 1281, Duke
1408:Czechoslovakia
1396:Duchy of Jawor
1388:Chojnik castle
1380:
1377:
1347:
1344:
1326:Czech Republic
1322:Czechoslovakia
1303:national parks
1282:
1279:
1263:Studniční hora
1220:sulfur dioxide
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
986:
985:
983:
980:
977:
974:
968:
967:
965:
962:
961:Schwarze Koppe
959:
956:
950:
949:
947:
944:
941:
938:
932:
931:
929:
926:
923:
920:
914:
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908:
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902:
896:
895:
893:
890:
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871:
868:
865:
859:
858:
856:
853:
850:
845:
841:
840:
838:
835:
832:
827:
823:
822:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:Stříbrný hřbet
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
793:Wielki Szyszak
790:
786:
785:
783:
780:
777:
774:
772:Studniční hora
768:
767:
764:
761:
760:Hochwiesenberg
758:
755:
749:
748:
742:
739:
736:
733:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
707:
704:
697:Podgórna Falls
693:Szklarki Falls
661:Labský vodopád
627:Sněžka/Śnieżka
589:
586:
460:
457:
392:, part of the
386:Czech Republic
305:
304:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:
288:
286:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
267:
266:
264:Alpine orogeny
261:
258:
252:
250:
244:
243:
239:
238:
229:
225:
224:
217:50.767; 15.617
192:
186:
185:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
160:Lower Silesian
156:Hradec Králové
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
117:
111:
110:
106:
105:
73:
67:
66:
63:
57:
56:
50:
46:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3468:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Ore Mountains
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Hrubý Jeseník
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3210:83-7023-560-3
3206:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:3-87954-091-8
3132:
3128:
3127:3-87954-091-8
3124:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3105:
3104:3-935810-07-5
3101:
3097:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2963:
2957:
2940:
2934:
2917:
2911:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:(in Polish).
2834:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2816:, p. 80.
2815:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2768:, p. 68.
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2732:, p. 44.
2731:
2726:
2720:, p. 40.
2719:
2714:
2712:
2705:, p. 43.
2704:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2675:(1): 101–116.
2674:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2605:
2590:on 2016-03-03
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2524:
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2494:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2457:
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2439:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2337:Martin Helwig
2334:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2200:Pomezní boudy
2197:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:Martin Tietze
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2112:Nordic skiing
2109:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2057:(440 km from
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:Victoria Park
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:German Empire
1949:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:in Czech and
1856:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:forced labour
1760:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:Łabski Szczyt
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1597:
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1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
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1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
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1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
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1470:
1466:
1462:
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1421:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
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1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:Śnieżne Kotły
1245:
1241:
1234:Śnieżne Kotły
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1184:, ski resort
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:, ski resort
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:Schwarzenberg
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:, ski resort
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
918:Mužské kameny
916:
915:
912:
909:
907:Harrachsteine
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
836:
834:Veilchenstein
833:
831:
830:Łabski Szczyt
828:
825:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
796:
794:
791:
788:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
711:
703:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
676:
674:
666:
662:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
605:
604:Mittelgebirge
594:
585:
583:
580:(German) and
579:
578:Riesengebirge
575:
570:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
552:Hrisengebirge
549:
548:Hrisengepirge
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
519:Indo-European
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
469:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
374:
367:
366:Riesengebirge
363:
359:
351:
345:
334:
328:
320:
316:
312:
299:
296:
293:
290:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
249:
245:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
221:
193:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
116:
112:
107:
102:
74:
72:
68:
64:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
35:
30:
25:
20:
3360:
3275:(in English)
3243:(in English)
3235:(in English)
3200:
3192:
3172:
3157:
3115:
3111:
3095:
3090:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
2991:
2979:
2968:. Retrieved
2956:
2945:. Retrieved
2933:
2922:. Retrieved
2910:
2899:. Retrieved
2875:
2862:
2836:
2832:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2681:
2672:
2666:
2663:Migoń, Piort
2657:
2648:
2630:
2626:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2571:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2504:the original
2499:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2470:the original
2465:
2456:
2332:
2277:Janské Lázně
2236:
2221:
2209:
2185:
2164:
2159:
2150:and finally
2144:
2110:
2103:
2087:Janské Lázně
2072:
2069:Winter sport
2038:
2034:
2030:
2028:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1932:
1910:
1901:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1824:
1803:
1794:
1759:World War II
1756:
1745:Memorial in
1732:
1712:Erdmannsdorf
1704:Hohenzollern
1689:
1681:Schaffgotsch
1666:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:) in Czech,
1633:
1629:
1626:Jelenia Góra
1598:
1573:
1564:Koppenträger
1563:
1549:
1535:
1505:
1493:
1485:
1475:granted the
1458:
1451:
1444:
1436:wood cutters
1428:Jelenia Góra
1393:
1357:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1317:
1311:
1296:
1271:
1265:, Kotel and
1252:
1237:
1225:
1216:
1204:monocultures
1197:montane zone
1194:
1167:Czarcia Góra
1163:Čertova hora
1125:Schüsselberg
1110:Janské Lázně
1004:Kleine Koppe
954:Svorová hora
936:Dívčí kameny
848:Mały Szyszak
701:
677:
670:
660:
635:Jelenia Góra
624:
602:
599:
581:
577:
573:
571:
562:
560:
556:Risengepirge
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
522:
514:
507:Old Slavonic
502:
498:
494:
482:
476:
473:
467:
422:
318:
314:
310:
308:
284:Type of rock
166:Subdivisions
123:
119:
3267:(in German)
3259:(in Polish)
3150:Staffa 2001
3083:Staffa 2001
3068:Staffa 2001
3056:Staffa 2001
3044:Staffa 2001
3032:Staffa 2001
3020:Staffa 2001
3008:Staffa 2001
2814:Staffa 2001
2802:Staffa 2001
2790:Staffa 2001
2778:Staffa 2001
2766:Staffa 2001
2754:Staffa 2001
2742:Staffa 2001
2730:Staffa 2001
2718:Staffa 2001
2703:Staffa 2001
2686:Staffa 2001
2620:(in Polish)
2594:January 24,
2513:January 13,
2476:January 13,
2418:) in winter
2402:) in summer
2386:) in winter
2160:Svaz lyžařů
2031:Riesenbaude
1983:(Wrocław),
1965:Gründerzeit
1887:high towers
1820:deracinated
1453:Ostsiedlung
1244:knee timber
1170:Teufelsberg
1145:Dworski Las
1141:Dvorský les
1096:Czarna Góra
1060:Kahler Berg
993: [
976:Rózowa Góra
972:Růžová hora
958:Czarna Kopa
943:Mädelsteine
881:Velký Šišák
870:Kesselkoppe
816:Mittagsberg
789:Vysoké kolo
757:Łączna Góra
738:Schneekoppe
613:periglacial
563:Sněžné hory
274:Age of rock
215: /
124:"Mountains"
96: /
71:Coordinates
3440:Categories
3251:(in Czech)
3201:Karkonosze
3186:Literature
2970:2013-09-01
2947:2013-09-01
2924:2013-09-01
2901:2013-09-01
2448:References
2339:'s map of
2265:ski resort
2196:Okraj Pass
2136:ski resort
1997:Hirschberg
1881:blocks of
1871:schronisko
1775:Piechowice
1622:Piechowice
1576:Kutná Hora
1542:Carinthian
1420:castellany
1361:Foehn wind
1312:The Czech
1259:Luční hora
1093:Černá hora
1083:Heuschober
1040:Reifträger
1019:Lisia Góra
1015:Liščí hora
925:Mannsteine
844:Malý Šišák
753:Luční hora
722:Elevation
665:Elbe River
582:Karkonosze
495:"Krkonoss"
441:River Elbe
369:pronounced
319:Karkonosze
228:Borders on
84:15°44′25″E
81:50°44′10″N
3117:Baedekers
2845:0137-5199
2333:Riſenberg
2306:Resources
2273:in Poland
2267:in Poland
2255:Harrachov
2152:Innsbruck
2083:Harrachov
2043:Przesieka
2005:Kreuzberg
1879:weathered
1849:in Poland
1833:in 1990.
1783:Krzaczyna
1767:Przesieka
1648:(plural:
1640:(plural:
1632:(plural:
1585:Carinthia
1550:Hohenelbe
1373:snow pits
1331:Poland's
1299:protected
1182:Rýžoviště
1178:Harrachov
1148:Hoflbusch
1122:Medwiedin
1106:Cable car
1057:Łysa Góra
1054:Lysá hora
1022:Fuchsberg
979:Rosenberg
813:Smogornia
797:Hohes Rad
779:Brunnberg
620:tree line
616:landforms
588:Geography
576:(Czech),
511:Krummholz
509:word for
487:Štěpanice
483:"Krkonoš"
358:‹See Tfd›
300:limestone
140:Countries
135:Geography
115:Etymology
61:Elevation
55:/ Śnieżka
3228:Archived
2638:Archived
2613:Archived
2560:Archived
2545:Archived
2436:See also
2224:Rübezahl
2192:Szrenica
2025:, Poland
1942:Silesian
1847:Szrenica
1807:expelled
1791:Borowice
1747:Borowice
1708:Karpniki
1618:Borowice
1546:Vrchlabí
1530:Vrchlabí
1516:Obří Důl
1469:Strzegom
1390:, Poland
1267:Szrenica
1118:Medvědín
1036:Szrenica
883:(Smělec)
631:Silesian
611:, small
574:Krkonoše
524:Corconti
468:Krkonoss
315:Krkonoše
260:Variscan
183:Kamienna
3446:Sudetes
2341:Silesia
2319:Gallery
2261:Karpacz
2172:Friedel
2116:Stettin
2095:Karpacz
2063:Prudnik
2023:Karpacz
2003:on the
1989:Dresden
1985:Stettin
1981:Breslau
1893:Tourism
1883:granite
1720:Wojanów
1696:Wilhelm
1669:Harrach
1614:Karpacz
1568:Austria
1552:, High
1508:Meissen
1404:Austria
1400:Prussia
1379:History
1346:Climate
1291:spruces
1156:Rýchory
1032:Jínonoš
886:Śmielec
735:Śnieżka
719:German
716:Polish
663:of the
643:Rýchory
540:Trutnov
529:Ptolemy
453:cycling
418:Śnieżka
406:Silesia
402:Bohemia
394:Sudetes
291:granite
248:Orogeny
242:Geology
203:15°37′E
200:50°46′N
152:Liberec
120:"Giant"
3207:
3133:
3125:
3102:
2843:
2416:Poland
2400:Poland
2384:Poland
2343:, 1561
2271:Kowary
2228:goblin
2182:Hiking
2148:Vienna
2099:Kowary
2033:, and
1969:Berlin
1799:typhus
1787:French
1779:Kowary
1751:Allied
1724:Louise
1650:Bauden
1589:Styria
1512:Saxony
1432:Kowary
1369:inches
1365:inches
1201:spruce
867:Kocioł
731:Sněžka
713:Czech
503:"krak"
449:hiking
445:skiing
414:Polish
410:Sněžka
390:Poland
362:German
323:Czech:
294:schist
179:Jizera
177:Elbe,
174:Rivers
109:Naming
53:Sněžka
2988:(PDF)
2965:(PDF)
2942:(PDF)
2919:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2588:(PDF)
2581:(PDF)
2496:(PDF)
1957:Poles
1885:form
1867:Buode
1865:word
1859:Baude
1855:bouda
1646:Baude
1634:boudy
1630:bouda
1593:Tyrol
1581:Tyrol
1489:Walha
1467:from
1447:Czech
1289:Dead
1191:Flora
1108:from
997:]
863:Kotel
725:Note
521:word
515:"noš"
505:, an
499:"krk"
479:Czech
459:Names
317:, or
297:shale
128:Names
126:(see
3336:Brdy
3205:ISBN
3131:ISBN
3123:ISBN
3100:ISBN
2841:ISSN
2596:2010
2515:2013
2478:2013
2097:and
2085:and
1923:and
1915:and
1781:and
1642:budy
1638:buda
1587:and
1554:Elbe
1540:, a
1499:and
1417:Wleń
1402:and
1305:and
1253:The
1180:and
1080:Stóg
1076:Stoh
1001:Kopa
990:Kopa
685:Bóbr
681:feet
477:The
404:and
309:The
234:and
158:and
49:Peak
2335:on
2245:".
2230:of
2138:in
2061:to
2021:in
1612:),
1510:in
1301:as
501:or
3442::
3171:.
3142:^
3075:^
3000:^
2990:.
2884:^
2853:^
2837:43
2821:^
2710:^
2693:^
2673:81
2671:.
2498:.
2464:.
2297:,
2263:,
2234:.
2134:A
2101:.
2093:,
2081:,
2077:,
1777:,
1773:,
1769:,
1616:,
1583:,
1522:.
1438:,
1309:.
1261:,
995:cs
653:.
622:.
554:,
550:,
546:,
535:.
451:,
447:,
416::
364::
355:,
338:,
313:,
154:,
3303:e
3296:t
3289:v
3213:.
3137:.
3106:.
2973:.
2950:.
2927:.
2904:.
2847:.
2598:.
2566:)
2555:(
2517:.
2480:.
2198:/
1548:(
1450:(
1335:(
1316:(
412:(
321:(
130:)
122:+
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