2641:
2626:
801:(they may grow only one to two centimeters in several years) and their leaves are usually unlobed. They are short and knobby, and are arranged regularly on the branches except on first-year growth. Because of the short internodes, leaves appear to be clustered at the tips of short shoots, and reproductive structures are formed only on them (see pictures below – seeds and leaves are visible on short shoots). In ginkgos, as in other plants that possess them, short shoots allow the formation of new leaves in the older parts of the crown. After a number of years, a short shoot may change into a long (ordinary) shoot, or vice versa.
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190:
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167:
1971:
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823:, or basal chichi) in response to disturbances, such as soil erosion. Old specimens are also capable of producing aerial roots on the undersides of large branches in response to disturbances such as crown damage; these roots can lead to successful clonal reproduction upon contacting the soil. These strategies are evidently important in the persistence of ginkgo; in a survey of the "semiwild" stands remaining in
2554:
738:
126:
2064:
1367:
1813:, the ginkgo has also been widely planted in Korea and in Japan since the 14th century; in both areas, some naturalization has occurred, with ginkgos seeding into natural forests. Ginkgo has been commonly cultivated in North America for over 200 years and in Europe for close to 300, but during that time, it has never become significantly
1705:, therefore, presents an "ecological paradox" because while it possesses some favorable traits for living in disturbed environments (clonal reproduction) many of its other life-history traits are the opposite of those exhibited by modern plants that thrive in disturbed settings (slow growth, large seed size, late reproductive maturity).
1558:
961:
in 1896. The sperm have a complex multi-layered structure, which is a continuous belt of basal bodies that form the base of several thousand flagella which have a cilia-like motion. The flagella/cilia apparatus pulls the body of the sperm forwards. The sperm have only a tiny distance to travel to the
784:
Leaves of long shoots are usually notched or lobed, but only from the outer surface, between the veins. They are borne both on the more rapidly growing branch tips, where they are alternate and spaced out, and also on the short, stubby spur shoots, where they are clustered at the tips. Leaves are
713:
and long, somewhat erratic branches, and is usually deep-rooted and resistant to wind and snow damage. Young trees are often tall and slender, and sparsely branched; the crown becomes broader as the tree ages. A combination of resistance to disease, insect-resistant wood, and the ability to form
2329:
spp.) Individuals with a history of strong allergic reactions to poison ivy, mangoes, cashews and other alkylphenol-producing plants are more likely to experience an allergic reaction when consuming non-standardized ginkgo-containing preparations. The level of these allergens in standardized
1642:
While it may seem improbable that a single species may exist as a contiguous entity for many millions of years, many of the ginkgo's life-history parameters fit: Extreme longevity; slow reproduction rate; (in
Cenozoic and later times) a wide, apparently contiguous, but steadily contracting
2384:
since at least the 11th century C.E. Ginkgo seeds, leaves, and nuts have traditionally been used to treat various ailments, such as dementia, asthma, bronchitis, and kidney and bladder disorders. However, there is no conclusive evidence that ginkgo is useful for any of these conditions.
1728:
For centuries, it was thought to be extinct in the wild, but is now a common tree cultivated throughout eastern China, Korea, and Japan. Many municipalities in Korea and Japan use
Ginkgos as street trees, and Ginkgo leaves are the emblem of prominent educational institutions such as the
1758:
in Japan have discredited theories claiming
Chinese origins of Ginkgo. Whether native ginkgo populations still exist has not been demonstrated unequivocally, but there is genetic evidence that these Southwestern populations may be wild, as well as evidence that the largest and oldest
962:
archegonia, of which there are usually two or three. Two sperm are produced, one of which successfully fertilizes the ovule. Fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs just before or after they fall in early autumn. Embryos may develop in the seeds before or after they drop from the tree.
5689:
Savaskan, Egemen; Mueller, Heiko; Hoerr, Robert; von Gunten, Armin; Gauthier, Serge (1 March 2018). "Treatment effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on the spectrum of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
4707:
Wang, Lukun; Liu, Jiamin; Liu, Jing; Wei, Haiyan; Fang, Yaqin; Wang, Daju; Chen, Ruidun; Gu, Wei (1 May 2023). "Revealing the long-term trend of the global-scale Ginkgo biloba distribution and the impact of future climate change based on the ensemble modeling".
6077:
According to some sources, the medicinal use of ginkgo dates back to 2800 B.C.… However, the first undisputed written records of ginkgo come much later… Ginkgo first appears in copies of the Shen Nung pharmacopeia around the eleventh and twelfth
1741:
exists among ginkgo trees, with some
Chinese scholars suggesting that ginkgo trees in these areas may have been planted and preserved by Chinese monks over about 1,000 years. A study demonstrates a greater genetic diversity in
1585:
can be reliably distinguished. Given the slow pace of evolution and morphological similarity between members of the genus, there may have been only one or two species existing in the
Northern Hemisphere through the entirety of the
1796:
Ginkgo has long been cultivated in China. It is common in the southern third of the country. Some planted trees at temples are believed to be over 1,500 years old. The first record of
Europeans encountering it is in 1690 in
3376:
Brenner, Eric D.; Katari, Manpreet S.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Rudd, Stephen A.; Douglas, Andrew W.; Moss, Walter N.; Twigg, Richard W.; Runko, Suzan J.; Stellari, Giulia M.; McCombie, W. R.; Coruzzi, Gloria M. (15 October 2005).
819:, many specimens are found along stream banks, rocky slopes, and cliff edges. Accordingly, ginkgo retains a prodigious capacity for vegetative growth. It is capable of sprouting from embedded buds near the base of the trunk (
4379:
Zhao, Yun-Peng; Fan, Guangyi; Yin, Ping-Ping; Sun, Shuai; Li, Ning; Hong, Xiaoning; Hu, Gang; Zhang, He; Zhang, Fu-Min; Han, Jing-Dan; Hao, Ya-Jun; Xu, Qiwu; Yang, Xianwei; Xia, Wenjie; Chen, Wenbin (13 September 2019).
1823:
is also commonly manually planted in cities across the United States and Europe. This species is highly tolerant to pollution and serves as a visually appealing, shade-providing tree in many cities and gardens.
1849:
Female cultivars include 'Liberty
Splendor', 'Santa Cruz', and 'Golden Girl', the latter so named because of the striking yellow color of its leaves in the fall; all female cultivars release zero pollen.
1530:
drops through the
Cretaceous, at the same time the flowering plants were on the rise; this supports the hypothesis that, over time, flowering plants with better adaptations to disturbance displaced
1207:(1712) with the "awkward" spelling "ginkgo". This appears to be a simple error of Kaempfer; taking his spelling of other Japanese words containing the syllable "kyō" into account, a more precise
2640:
1211:
following his writing habits would have been "ginkio" or "ginkjo". Linnaeus, who relied on
Kaempfer when dealing with Japanese plants, adopted the spelling given in Kaempfer's "Flora Japonica" (
785:
green both on the top and bottom and have stomata on both sides. During autumn, the leaves turn a bright yellow and then fall, sometimes within a short space of time (one to fifteen days).
2577:
1990:, Japan, an ancient ginkgo tree stands beside the stone entry staircase. According to legend, the tree has stood there since the founding of the shrine circa 1063. The tree is nicknamed
1868:
Ginkgos adapt well to the urban environment, tolerating pollution and confined soil spaces. They rarely have disease problems, even in urban conditions, and are attacked by few insects.
4617:
1927:
in the area to survive the blast. Although almost all other plants (and animals) in the area were killed, the ginkgos, though charred, survived and were soon healthy again, among other
2625:
4287:"Sphenobaiera insecta from the Upper Triassic of South Australia, with a clarification of the genus Sphenobaiera (fossil Ginkgophyta) and its delimitation from similar foliage genera"
5059:
2140:, the outer fleshy coating. These people should handle the seeds with care when preparing the seeds for consumption, wearing disposable gloves. The symptoms are allergic contact
4447:"Phylogeography of a living fossil: pleistocene glaciations forced Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) into two refuge areas in China with limited subsequent postglacial expansion"
815:
Ginkgo prefers full sun and grows best in environments that are well-watered and well-drained. The species shows a preference for disturbed sites; in the "semiwild" stands at
709:
Ginkgos are large trees, normally reaching a height of 20–35 m (66–115 ft), with some specimens in China being over 50 m (165 ft). The tree has an angular
5272:
Schötz, Karl (2004). "Quantification of allergenic urushiols in extracts ofGinkgo biloba leaves, in simple one-step extracts and refined manufactured material (EGb 761)".
1831:
grafted onto plants propagated from seed, because the male trees will not produce the malodorous seeds. The popular cultivar 'Autumn Gold' is a clone of a male plant.
5856:"High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Study of Ginkgolic Acid in the Leaves and Fruits of the Ginkgo Tree (Ginkgo biloba)"
953:
sperm, as in cycads, ferns, mosses, and algae. The sperm are large (about 70–90 micrometres) and are similar to the sperm of cycads, which are slightly larger.
1324:
1959:
1643:
distribution; and (as far as can be demonstrated from the fossil record) extreme ecological conservatism (restriction to disturbed streamside environments).
989:
which enable a considerable number of antibacterial and chemical defense mechanisms. 76.58% of the assembled sequence turned out to be repetitive sequences.
1682:
large seeds and habit of "bolting" – growing to a height of 10 meters before elongating its side branches – may be adaptations to such an environment.
7364:
5421:
Clement, YN; Onakpoya, I; Hung, SK; Ernst, E (March 2011). "Effects of herbal and dietary supplements on cognition in menopause: a systematic review".
5004:
7304:
5603:
Seupaul, RA; Welch, JL; Malka, ST; Emmett, TW (April 2012). "Pharmacologic prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness: A systematic shortcut review".
7020:
996:
trees up to 667 years old showed little effects of aging, finding that the trees continued to grow with age and displayed no genetic evidence of
5646:
Fan, F; Liu, H; Shi, X; Ai, Y; Liu, Q; Cheng, Y (2022). "The
Efficacy and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Therapies: An Updated Umbrella Review".
3692:
4332:
Wang, Yongdong; Guignard, Gaëtan; Thévenard, Frédéric; Dilcher, David; Barale, Georges; Mosbrugger, Volker; Yang, Xiaoju; Mei, Shengwu (2005).
1920:
3244:
7098:
1395:
2111:
as a healthy snack with beer and other Japanese food. In Korea, ginkgo nuts are stir-fried and eaten, or are used to garnish foods such as
1619:
and the Southern Hemisphere species are the only known post-Jurassic taxa that can be unequivocally recognised. The remainder may have been
5034:
1750:, where several old-growth candidates for wild populations have been reported. Recently, the findings of Ginkgo trees aged 1,500 years in
755:
are unique among seed plants, being fan-shaped with veins radiating out into the leaf blade, sometimes bifurcating (splitting), but never
3778:
Guan, Rui; Zhao, Yunpeng; Zhang, He; Fan, Guangyi; Liu, Xin; Zhou, Wenbin; Shi, Chengcheng; Wang, Jiahao; Liu, Weiqing (1 January 2016).
2369:
905:
7339:
2855:
2012:
Modern scholarship has established that ginkgos arrived from China in the 14th century, and a 1990 tree-ring measurement indicated the
7206:
7299:
5226:
Lepoittevin, J.-P.; Benezra, C.; Asakawa, Y. (1989). "Allergic contact dermatitis to Ginkgo biloba L.: relationship with urushiol".
3940:
van Beek TA, Montoro P (2009). "Chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves, extracts, and phytopharmaceuticals".
3066:
T. Hori, A historical survey of Ginkgo biloba based on Japanese and Chinese classical literatures, Plant Morphology, 2001, 31, 31–40
6968:
5337:
Laws KR, Sweetnam H, Kondel TK (1 November 2012). "Is Ginkgo biloba a cognitive enhancer in healthy individuals? A meta-analysis".
7033:
6981:
5827:
Dugoua, JJ; Mills, E; Perri, D; Koren, G (2006). "Safety and efficacy of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) during pregnancy and lactation".
2613:
2439:
has been two ginkgo leaves (designed by Shoichi Hoshino), which became the university logo in 2004 with a redesign. The logo of
1725:
and other species of the genus were once widespread throughout the world, its habitat had shrunk by two million years ago.
7121:
5895:
Tanaka, A; Arai, Y; Kim, SN; Ham, J; Usuki, T (2011). "Synthesis and biological evaluation of bilobol and adipostatin A".
2930:
2392:
4237:
Approximate reconstructions by B. M. Begović Bego and Z. Zhou, 2010/2011. Source: B.M. Begović Bego, (2011). Nature's Miracle
581:
Despite its spelling, which is due to a complicated etymology including a transcription error, "ginkgo" is usually pronounced
7064:
6070:
4905:
4777:
4514:
3984:
3675:
3629:
3598:
3509:
3285:
3200:
3047:
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7038:
4129:
7369:
4924:
3172:
2168:
leaf are often marketed as cognitive enhancers, there is no evidence for effects on memory or attention in healthy people.
763:. The leaves are usually 5–10 cm (2–4 in), but sometimes up to 15 cm (6 in) long. The old common name,
661:
of 1712. It is considered that he may have misspelled "Ginkjo" or "Ginkio" (both consistent with his treatment of Japanese
476:, which first appeared over 290 million years ago, and fossils very similar to the living species, belonging to the genus
4578:"Evidence for the persistence of wild Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) populations in the Dalou Mountains, southwestern China"
2245:
leaf extracts in moderate amounts appears to be safe, excessive use may have undesirable effects, especially in terms of
881:-like structures containing seeds. The fruits are 1.5–2 cm long, with a soft, fleshy, yellow-brown outer layer (the
4210:
2714:
3079:
2126:. A heat-stable compound not destroyed by cooking, MPN may cause convulsions, which were alleviated by treatment with
1950:(planted about 1740), Jōsei-ji (planted 1900), at the former site of Senda Elementary School near Miyukibashi, at the
7379:
7354:
6201:
6099:
2664:
2107:, and cooked seeds are often eaten along with other dishes. Grilled ginkgo nuts with salt are also a popular item at
452:
5131:
Azuma, Fumika; Nokura, Kazuya; Kako, Tetsuharu; Kobayashi, Daisuke; Yoshimura, Teruki; Wada, Keiji (15 June 2020).
4859:
3875:
797:
of these leaves, "spur shoots" (also known as short shoots) develop on second-year growth. Short shoots have short
149:
4666:
3379:"EST analysis in Ginkgo biloba: an assessment of conserved developmental regulators and gymnosperm specific genes"
2565:
7334:
7103:
7007:
5505:
Sereda, Magdalena; Xia, Jun; Scutt, Polly; Hilton, Malcolm P; El Refaie, Amr; Hoare, Derek J (16 November 2022).
2529:
793:
Ginkgo branches grow in length by growth of shoots with regularly spaced leaves, as seen on most trees. From the
174:
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1223:
The relationship of ginkgo to other plant groups remains uncertain. It has been placed loosely in the divisions
7359:
7349:
7126:
6349:
5105:
2825:
7224:
2676:
7085:
2515:
1770:(i.e. fine, silty soil) with good drainage. The soil it inhabits is typically in the pH range of 5.0 to 5.5.
1165:
6217:
4537:"Genetic variation of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) based on cpDNA PCR-RFLPs: inference of glacial refugia"
1883:; they can be kept artificially small and tended over centuries. The trees are easy to propagate from seed.
6960:
6947:
5012:
4689:
4647:
3862:
2978:. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. 1 August 2020
2589:
2381:
1574:
759:
to form a network. Two veins enter the leaf blade at the base and fork repeatedly in two; this is known as
569:
6885:
4446:
2239:
1203:
to investigate the species in 1690, wrote down this pronunciation in the notes that he later used for the
7232:
2541:
2477:
2400:
2219:
2079:
The nut-like kernels of the seeds are particularly esteemed in Asia, and are a traditional ingredient in
1858:
6865:
6289:
4382:"Resequencing 545 ginkgo genomes across the world reveals the evolutionary history of the living fossil"
2583:
Female gametophyte, dissected from a seed freshly shed from the tree, containing a well-developed embryo
1347:
7344:
7329:
7314:
7219:
6986:
4793:
4044:
3451:
Royer, Dana L.; Hickey, Leo J.; Wing, Scott L. (2003). "Ecological conservatism in the 'living fossil'
3301:
2860:
6243:
5133:"An Adult Case of Generalized Convulsions Caused by the Ingestion of Ginkgo biloba Seeds with Alcohol"
2850:
2031:
feature a ginkgo tree reputed to be 1,400 years old. The tree itself is a popular tourist attraction.
7319:
7245:
7113:
7059:
6471:
6149:
4286:
3277:
The Tree Book: A Practical Guide to Selecting and Maintaining the Best Trees for Your Yard and Garden
2601:
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1839:
1766:
Where it occurs in the wild, Ginkgo is found infrequently in deciduous forests and valleys on acidic
1153:
773:
718:
and sprouts makes ginkgos durable, with some specimens claimed to be more than 2,500 years old.
3712:
3157:
1979:
1290:
6499:
6476:
5315:
4818:
4333:
2652:
1814:
1208:
189:
7077:
5772:
Zheng, W.; Xiang, Y.-Q.; Ng, C.; Ungvari, G.; Chiu, H.; Xiang, Y.-T. (15 March 2016). "Extract of
3216:
1755:
1152:, "lobed", referring to the shape of the leaves. Two names for the species recognise the botanist
7374:
7250:
7211:
6955:
6851:
4932:
4255:
3090:
2934:
1754:, Korea (the Neukguri Ginkgo, designated as Korea's natural artifact in 1986), and aged 1,200 in
1734:
509:
6190:
6094:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Jerusalem: Akademon (Hebrew University of Jerusalem). pp. 77–78.
4897:
4334:"Cuticular anatomy of Sphenobaiera huangii (Ginkgoales) from the Lower Jurassic of Hubei, China"
4206:
3252:
2905:
2803:
7324:
7025:
6942:
6813:
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1689:
grows best in environments that are well-watered and drained, and the extremely similar fossil
611:
6127:
5191:
Kajiyama, Y.; Fujii, K.; Takeuchi, H.; Manabe, Y. (2 February 2002). "Ginkgo seed poisoning".
4769:
4763:
3499:
3351:
3275:
3190:
2019:
On 10 March 2010, the tree blew down in a storm, but the stump has since sprouted vigorously.
1713:
1307:
6769:
4654:. Vol. 4. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 8.
4504:
4285:
Unverfärth, Jan; McLoughlin, Stephen; Möllmann, Magali; Bomfleur, Benjamin (2 October 2022).
3189:
Ansari, Abid A.; Gill, Sarvajeet Singh; Abbas, Zahid Khorshid; Naeem, M. (23 December 2016).
3141:: Typis & impensis Henrici Wilhelmi Meyeri, aulae Lippiacae typographi. pp. 811–813.
2428:
1862:
1698:
300:
7152:
4154:
Zhou, Zhiyan; Zheng, Shaolin (2003). "Palaeobiology: The missing link in Ginkgo evolution".
7175:
7051:
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6791:
6652:
6593:
6444:
6402:
6306:
6039:
5281:
4717:
4458:
4393:
4298:
4163:
4071:"Biflavonoids: Important Contributions to the Health Benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)"
3621:
3615:
3537:
3525:
Jin, Biao; Jiang, Xiaoxue; Wang, Di; Zhang, Lei; Wan, Yinglang; Wang, Li (September 2012).
2729:
2703:
2002:
1786:
1570:
1446:
has been used for plants with a broadly wedge-shaped leaf that lacks a distinct leaf stem.
760:
5085:
3648:
3217:"Ginkgo – Ginkgo biloba – The University of Alabama Arboretum | The University of Alabama"
2395:
concluded that medicines containing ginkgo leaf can be used for treating mild age-related
1631:
had occurred over an extremely wide range, had remarkable genetic flexibility and, though
1021:
726:
8:
7170:
6697:
6577:
6397:
6313:
2173:
2094:
1987:
1730:
1546:
1523:
1519:
1168:. The epithet of the latter may have been intended to denote a characteristic resembling
134:
6279:
5285:
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4462:
4397:
4302:
4167:
3837:
3541:
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5251:
5165:
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4893:
4886:
4741:
4422:
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4187:
4105:
4070:
3876:"Some trees can live for more than 1,000 years and scientists may have figured out why"
3814:
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3749:
3566:
3526:
3480:
3413:
3378:
3128:
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2200:
2118:
When eaten in large quantities or over a long period, the seeds may cause poisoning by
2028:
1802:
1743:
1526:. Along with that of ferns, cycads, and cycadeoids, the species diversity in the genus
1510:
1466:
1332:
1196:
798:
648:
505:
324:
184:
5991:
Wada, Keiji; Ishigaki, Seikou; Ueda, Kaori; Sakata, Masakatsu; Haga, Masanobu (1985).
5616:
3915:
1258:, the Ginkgophyta, comprising the single class Ginkgoopsida, order Ginkgoales, family
7147:
6893:
6598:
6466:
6424:
6385:
6319:
6197:
6105:
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5707:
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5663:
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5620:
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5536:
5491:
5479:
5438:
5403:
5354:
5297:
5243:
5208:
5170:
5152:
5148:
4901:
4855:
4773:
4745:
4733:
4599:
4558:
4510:
4482:
4474:
4427:
4409:
4361:
4353:
4314:
4179:
4110:
4092:
3980:
3957:
3919:
3819:
3801:
3757:
3671:
3625:
3594:
3571:
3553:
3505:
3472:
3418:
3400:
3281:
3196:
3043:
2335:
2284:
2189:
2169:
1974:
The stump of the ancient fallen ginkgo which has produced new shoots in recent years.
1255:
1103:
554:
531:
5924:
5813:
5434:
5255:
3484:
3132:
3108:
2880:
2780:
2006:
7276:
6898:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6714:
6461:
6434:
6003:
5955:
5904:
5867:
5785:
5746:
5699:
5655:
5612:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5474:
5469:
5457:
5430:
5393:
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5346:
5289:
5235:
5200:
5160:
5144:
4959:
4725:
4589:
4548:
4506:
Eyewitness Companions: Trees: Identification, Forests, Historic Species, Wood Types
4466:
4417:
4401:
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4267:
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4082:
3949:
3911:
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3739:
3561:
3545:
3464:
3408:
3390:
2798:
2758:
2440:
2436:
2257:
or antiplatelet medication, may be adversely affected by using ginkgo supplements.
2246:
2090:
1498:
1470:
1298:
1187:
typically have multiple pronunciations in Japanese, and the characters 銀杏 used for
1017:
827:, 40% of the specimens surveyed were multi-stemmed, and few saplings were present.
804:
616:
584:
402:
4310:
4069:Šamec, Dunja; Karalija, Erna; Dahija, Sabina; Hassan, Sherif T. S. (23 May 2022).
2693:
2553:
1675:
dominated disturbed streamside environments, forming low, open, shrubby canopies.
1239:. The apricot-like structures produced by female ginkgo trees are technically not
7309:
7134:
6751:
6642:
6622:
6564:
6549:
6429:
6412:
6390:
5908:
5733:
Yuan, Qiuju; Wang, Chong-wen; Shi, Jun; Lin, Zhi-xiu (January 2017). "Effects of
5398:
5381:
4577:
4445:
Gong, Wei; Chen, Chuan; Dobes, Christoph; Fu, Cheng-Xin; Koch, Marcus A. (2008).
4271:
4027:
3953:
3113:
2261:
2080:
1951:
1798:
1747:
1600:
1482:
1119:
958:
890:
863:
824:
816:
778:
483:
7237:
7090:
5872:
5855:
4936:
4470:
4204:
1545:
fossils disappeared from the fossil record everywhere except in a small area of
1072:
The older Chinese name for this plant is 銀果, meaning "silver fruit", pronounced
7193:
6439:
5100:
5060:"This Buddhist temple's 1,400-year-old ginkgo tree is dropping a sea of yellow"
4981:
4729:
4405:
3016:
2308:
1504:
The Ginkgophyta declined in diversity as the Cretaceous progressed, and by the
1243:, but are seeds that have a shell consisting of a soft and fleshy section (the
1232:
985:"letters" (the human genome has three billion) and about 41,840 predicted
710:
564:
214:
6300:
5750:
5703:
4844:
3902:
van Beek TA (2002). "Chemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves and extracts".
3796:
3326:
2749:
Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest".
936:
7293:
7046:
6647:
6637:
6335:
6109:
6017:
5969:
5960:
5939:
5797:
5711:
5156:
4737:
4478:
4413:
4357:
4318:
4096:
4001:
3805:
3557:
3476:
3404:
2789:
2697:
2411:
2365:
2342:
of the former Federal German Health Authority. Overconsumption of seeds from
2325:
2304:
2269:
2250:
2204:
2071:
1746:
populations, supporting glacial refugia in mountains surrounding the eastern
1672:
1403:) of France, over 290 million years old. The closest living relatives of the
1382:
1338:
1315:
1273:
1231:, but no consensus has been reached. Since its seeds are not protected by an
1224:
1200:
1131:
1013:
1001:
668:
494:
490:
316:
154:
71:
5993:"An antivitamin B6, 4'-methoxypyridoxine, from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L."
3395:
1693:
favored similar environments: The sediment record at the majority of fossil
924:
7263:
7162:
6836:
6719:
6611:
6539:
6456:
6167:
5977:
5916:
5881:
5840:
5805:
5758:
5719:
5667:
5624:
5589:
5540:
5483:
5442:
5407:
5358:
5301:
5212:
5204:
5174:
4603:
4562:
4553:
4536:
4486:
4431:
4365:
4183:
4114:
4087:
3961:
3923:
3823:
3761:
3575:
3422:
2339:
1929:
1810:
1522:, while a markedly different (and poorly documented) form persisted in the
1454:
1442:
1269:
1135:
1033:
886:
855:
247:
237:
20:
7139:
6908:
6025:
5789:
5247:
3094:
2975:
1871:
Ginkgos are popular subjects for growing as miniature landscapes known as
7072:
6994:
6845:
6559:
6367:
6358:
6301:
Ginkgoopsida, Ginkgoales, Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) description
6040:"IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans"
4349:
4205:
Julie Jalalpour; Matt Malkin; Peter Poon; Liz Rehrmann; Jerry Yu (1997).
2444:
2235:
2215:
2123:
2119:
2103:
1259:
1248:
1057:
913:
901:
839:
756:
715:
267:
46:
6875:
6008:
5992:
5776:
for tardive dyskinesia: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
5035:"A Genetic Elixir of Life Helps Millennia-Old Ginkgo Trees Escape Death"
4594:
2172:
have shown there is no evidence for effectiveness of ginkgo in treating
610:, which has given rise to the common alternative spelling "gingko". The
6973:
6759:
6739:
6677:
6664:
6514:
6092:
Medicinal herbs in Modern Medicine (ṣimḥei marpé bir'fū'ah ha-modernīt)
5659:
5239:
4667:"The life story of the oldest tree on Earth (interview of Peter Crane)"
3753:
3593:(7th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 429–430.
2457:
2361:
2347:
2320:
2312:
2292:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2127:
1995:
1955:
1947:
1656:
1636:
1624:
1390:
1251:). The sarcotesta has a strong smell that most people find unpleasant.
1244:
1236:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1029:
997:
982:
882:
874:
859:
820:
521:
473:
465:
257:
227:
91:
56:
4883:
3549:
2403:
in adults after serious conditions have been excluded by a physician.
2075:
Ginkgo seeds served with boiled coconut flesh as a dessert in Thailand
2043:
is used to make furniture, chessboards, carving, and casks for making
1936:
The six trees are still alive: They are marked with signs at Housenbou
1842:) rating of 7 (out of 10), whereas female trees, which can produce no
1778:
1557:
691:
489:
approximately 170 million years ago. The tree was cultivated early in
6999:
6929:
6764:
6690:
6627:
6583:
6504:
5382:"Ginkgo biloba extract for essential hypertension: A systemic review"
5350:
2724:
2435:, and the symbol of Tokyo is a ginkgo leaf. Since 1948, the badge of
2273:
2177:
2130:
2112:
2089:, and are often served at special occasions such as weddings and the
1892:
1632:
1605:
1505:
1228:
1181:
is the result of a spelling error that occurred three centuries ago.
1053:
1037:
1025:
768:
469:
96:
40:
6807:
5293:
4284:
4175:
3744:
3727:
2762:
2218:
of using ginkgo supplements may include increased risk of bleeding,
2055:
1999:
1385:, with fossils recognisably related to modern ginkgo from the early
7258:
6830:
6781:
6709:
6605:
6451:
6419:
6407:
2471:
2465:
2424:
2396:
2316:
2296:
2265:
2254:
2231:
2227:
2196:
2181:
1983:
1924:
1828:
1806:
1751:
1738:
1609:
1587:
1566:
1538:
1494:
1490:
1416:
1400:
1281:
1215:, p. 811). Kaempfer's drawing can be found in Hori's article.
1170:
950:
909:
512:
that it supports human health or is effective against any disease.
116:
112:
86:
81:
66:
61:
51:
7012:
6934:
3668:
Ginkgo Biloba (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Industrial Profiles)
3588:
1970:
1440:
is used to classify those with fewer than four veins per segment.
677:
and has become the name of the tree's genus. The specific epithet
6796:
6544:
6529:
6524:
4842:
4535:
Shen, L; Chen, X-Y; Zhang, X; Li, Y-Y; Fu, C-X; Qiu, Y-X (2004).
2300:
2161:
2145:
2108:
1873:
1790:
1620:
1581:
It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of
1427:
1386:
1099:
1041:
703:
699:
550:
501:
101:
76:
6921:
3527:"The behavior of pollination drop secretion in Ginkgo biloba L."
3156:: Generum editionis VI. et specierum editionis II, available at
2044:
1965:
667:
in the same work) as "Ginkgo". This misspelling was included by
6860:
6786:
6632:
6588:
6534:
6519:
6509:
6494:
3084:
2632:
2280:
2223:
2185:
2085:
1879:
1843:
1462:
1436:
1408:
1264:
993:
971:
893:
847:
777:. Ginkgos are prized for their autumn foliage, which is a deep
745:
737:
547:
478:
277:
125:
108:
5688:
4696:. Vol. 2. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4503:
Usher, Carol; White, John; Ridsdale, Colin (17 October 2005).
3617:
The Urban Tree Book: An Uncommon Field Guide for City and Town
2774:
2772:
2063:
1838:
trees is that they are highly allergenic. They have an OPALS (
6672:
6554:
6486:
6380:
6375:
3863:
Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba – GigaScience
3138:
2511:
2432:
2416:
1895:, Japan, where six trees growing between 1 and 2 kilometres (
1767:
1668:
1404:
1374:
made from diverse images of fossils and academic descriptions
1272:
within this group. It is one of the best-known examples of a
1240:
1183:
1142:
897:
878:
870:
843:
536:
486:
201:
4331:
2059:
Close-up of Ginkgo tree bearing ripe, fruit-like sarcotestae
1659:
strategy for survival in disturbed streamside environments.
5190:
3728:"Is Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) Really an Oviparous Plant?"
3469:
10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0084:ECITLF>2.0.CO;2
3192:
Plant Biodiversity: Monitoring, Assessment and Conservation
2769:
2451:
2443:
has been a simplified ginkgo leaf since 1991 when designer
2431:. The tree is the official tree of the Japanese capital of
2022:
1664:
1423:
986:
851:
794:
752:
637:
628:
602:
596:
444:
435:
420:
414:
3498:
Pendarvis, Murray P.; Crawley, John L. (1 February 2018).
3375:
2272:, and there is inadequate information about safety during
978:
in 2016. The tree has a large genome of 10.6 billion
493:
and remains commonly planted, and is widely regarded as a
5225:
4068:
3880:
3589:
Raven, Peter H.; Ray F. Evert; Susan E. Eichhorn (2005).
1891:
Extreme examples of the ginkgo's tenacity may be seen in
1366:
979:
634:
625:
622:
593:
590:
441:
432:
429:
411:
408:
19:
This article is about the tree. For the Goethe poem, see
5420:
5380:
Xiong XJ, Liu W, Yang XC, et al. (September 2014).
5130:
4645:
2195:
There is weak preliminary evidence for ginkgo affecting
2027:
The grounds of the Buddhist temple at Gu Guanyin in the
2009:, who had hidden behind the tree to ambush the shōgun.
1430:
per segment have customarily been assigned to the taxon
6327:
5602:
4622:
Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION
2707:, a unique species of fungus that grows exclusively on
2447:
created it for the university's sixtieth anniversary.
1854:
1763:
trees may be older than surrounding human settlements.
1737:
in South Korea. Despite their widespread habitat, high
5990:
5456:
Hilton, MP; Zimmermann, EF; Hunt, WT (28 March 2013).
4929:
SULIS - Sustainable Urban Landscape Information Series
4925:"Examples of Plants with Insect and Disease Tolerance"
4669:. Yale Environment 360, Yale School of the Environment
3620:(1st ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p.
2945:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2475:
2463:
2455:
1113:
1107:
1080:
in Cantonese. The current commonly used names are 白果 (
662:
524:
5826:
3239:
3237:
2067:
Ginkgo 'seeds' (sclerotestae) with sarcotesta removed
1646:
1093:
1081:
957:
sperm were first discovered by the Japanese botanist
631:
599:
453:
438:
417:
5504:
5455:
4824:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43
4618:"강원특별자치도 기념물 삼척늑구리은행나무 (三陟訥口里銀杏나무): 국가문화유산포털 – 문화재청"
3188:
1123:
5771:
4951:
4884:Boland, Timothy; Laura E. Coit; Marty Hair (2002).
2619:
A forest of saplings sprout among last year's seeds
1853:Many cultivars are listed in the literature in the
889:(also known as butanoic acid) and smells foul like
619:
587:
520:The genus name is regarded as a misspelling of the
426:
405:
6189:
5336:
4885:
4502:
4025:
3234:
2507:because it resembles the leaf of the ginkgo tree.
2136:Some people are sensitive to the chemicals in the
6065:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 242.
5940:"Food poisoning by Ginkgo seeds through vitamin B
5737:on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews".
4768:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p.
3780:"Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba"
3524:
2454:, wrestlers ranked in the two highest divisions (
1801:, where the tree was seen by the German botanist
885:) that is attractive in appearance, but contains
7291:
5984:
5894:
4650:. In Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P.H.; Hong, D.Y. (eds.).
4130:"Smell has some cities ripping out ginkgo trees"
3979:(5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883.
3777:
3497:
2122:(4'-O-methylpyridoxine, MPN), as found in a few
2047:; the wood is fire-resistant and slow to decay.
1663:evolved in an era before flowering plants, when
900:when fallen. Beneath the sarcotesta is the hard
5554:Zeng X, Liu M, Yang Y, Li Y, Asplund K (2005).
5267:
5265:
4534:
4444:
3939:
3450:
1651:Given the slow rate of evolution of the genus,
1280:are not known from the fossil record after the
5732:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4530:
4528:
4526:
2484:
1939:
1857:, of which the compact 'Troll' has gained the
540:
6343:
5931:
5829:The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
5553:
4706:
4641:
4639:
4378:
4029:Amoenitates exoticae politico-physico-medicae
2419:, Japan's capital, representing a ginkgo leaf
1966:1000-year-old ginkgo at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū
1235:wall, it can morphologically be considered a
1087:
949:The fertilization of ginkgo seeds occurs via
573:
558:
472:. It is the last living species in the order
6089:
5379:
5262:
4843:Gilman, Edward F.; Dennis G. Watson (1993).
4757:
4755:
4646:Fu, Liguo; Li, Nan; Mill, Robert R. (1999).
4249:
4247:
3773:
3771:
3725:
3062:
3060:
3058:
2133:(vitamin B6), according to limited studies.
1827:Many intentionally planted ginkgos are male
1552:
873:are formed at the end of a stalk, and after
7365:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
5645:
5449:
5186:
5184:
4992:
4982:"A-bombed Ginkgo trees in Hiroshima, Japan"
4960:"Ma-Ke Bonsai Care Guide for Ginkgo biloba"
4569:
4523:
3665:
3178:. Fukuoka: Kyushu University. pp. 1–5.
2898:
2804:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32353A9700472.en
2490:
2370:International Agency for Research on Cancer
2295:contain ginkgolic acids – which are highly
2097:). Japanese cooks add ginkgo seeds (called
1846:, have an OPALS allergy scale rating of 2.
1708:
1393:), with likely oldest record being that of
678:
672:
656:
6350:
6336:
6130:. European Medicines Agency. 3 August 2015
5897:Journal of Asian Natural Products Research
5556:"Ginkgo biloba for acute ischaemic stroke"
4957:
4664:
4636:
4498:
4496:
3974:
3693:"History of Discovery of Spermatozoids In
3649:"Lab IX – Ginkgo, Cordaites, Conifers (2)"
2929:
2856:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2843:
2360:extract is classified as a possible human
1697:localities indicates it grew primarily in
165:
143:
124:
6083:
6054:
6007:
5959:
5937:
5871:
5579:
5530:
5473:
5397:
5164:
4752:
4687:
4593:
4552:
4421:
4244:
4241:, Book 1, Vols. 1–2, pp. 60–61.
4153:
4147:
4104:
4086:
3813:
3795:
3768:
3743:
3690:
3643:
3641:
3565:
3412:
3394:
3166:
3164:
3074:
3072:
3055:
2802:
866:spirally arranged around a central axis.
645:is also documented in some dictionaries.
7305:NatureServe critically imperiled species
5853:
5726:
5181:
5126:
5124:
5086:"A Taste of Sh旬n: Going Nuts for Ginkgo"
4042:
3999:
3901:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3127:
3121:
2410:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2023:1,400-year-old ginkgo tree at Gu Guanyin
2005:was assassinated in 1219 by his nephew,
1969:
1777:
1712:
1556:
1453:
1365:
1052:. The leaves also contain unique ginkgo
869:Female plants do not produce cones. Two
803:
736:
725:
690:
6168:"The official logo of Osaka University"
5560:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5511:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5462:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4681:
4493:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
3838:"Ginkgo 'living fossil' genome decoded"
3613:
3501:Exploring Biology in the Laboratory, 3e
3037:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2778:
2375:
2148:similar to that caused by contact with
2093:(as part of the vegetarian dish called
1717:A ginkgo tree in New York during autumn
1336:, or possibly a new taxon from the US,
904:(the "shell" of the seed) and a papery
7292:
6241:
6196:. New York: Weatherhill. p. 139.
6187:
5996:Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
5271:
4877:
4836:
4575:
3935:
3933:
3638:
3245:"More on Morphology of the Ginkgoales"
3170:
3161:
3069:
3031:
2748:
2682:Several golden ginkgos in Hebei, China
2406:
2393:Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products
6812:
6811:
6331:
6060:
5765:
5121:
4917:
4786:
4761:
4451:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4127:
3726:Holt, B. F.; Rothwell, G. W. (1997).
3659:
3429:
3273:
2943:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2742:
2423:The ginkgo leaf is the symbol of the
1549:, where the modern species survived.
970:Chinese scientists published a draft
767:, derives from the leaves resembling
530:
7114:c7a434f2-a5bd-4ee7-aba5-bc4155c4d0b4
5308:
4253:
4224:
4198:
3873:
2990:
2957:
2873:
2670:Ginkgo in autumn in Florence (Italy)
2238:, and restlessness. Although use of
1254:The ginkgo is classified in its own
6090:Faran, Mina; Tcherni, Anna (1997).
5228:Archives of Dermatological Research
3930:
3867:
3280:. Simon and Schuster. p. 113.
2790:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2307:(bilobol is a substance related to
2299:– long-chain alkylphenols, such as
2155:
1449:
1134:described the species in 1771, the
1102:". The name 銀杏 was translated into
13:
5860:Journal of Chromatographic Science
4865:from the original on 10 April 2008
4256:"An overview of fossil Ginkgoales"
4211:University of California, Berkeley
3173:"On Engelbert Kaempfer's 'Ginkgo'"
2881:"Ginkgo: Definition & Meaning"
2715:Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park
2210:
1647:Adaptation to a single environment
1489:diversified and spread throughout
1477:Fossils attributable to the genus
1012:Extracts of ginkgo leaves contain
14:
7391:
7340:Extant Ypresian first appearances
6265:
6242:Huxley, Anthony (9 August 1987).
6063:Ginkgo: The Tree That Time Forgot
5617:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.10.015
5101:"은행(銀杏) Fruit of the Ginkgo tree"
2595:Immature ginkgo ovules and leaves
2330:pharmaceutical preparations from
1933:(trees that survived the blast).
1627:. The implications would be that
1218:
1174:, the genus of maidenhair ferns.
1007:
7300:IUCN Red List endangered species
7225:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262125-1
6272:
6235:
6210:
6181:
6160:
6142:
5944:depletion (article in Japanese)"
5149:10.2169/internalmedicine.4196-19
4043:Jaikumar, Devika (15 May 2008).
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
1346:
1323:
1306:
1289:
1276:, because Ginkgoales other than
935:
923:
615:
583:
401:
188:
44:
6120:
6032:
5888:
5847:
5820:
5682:
5639:
5596:
5547:
5498:
5435:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.12.005
5414:
5373:
5330:
5219:
5098:
5092:
5078:
5052:
5027:
4974:
4811:
4700:
4658:
4610:
4438:
4372:
4325:
4278:
4128:Duara, Nigel (5 October 2009).
4121:
4062:
4045:"Wake Up and Smell the Ginkgos"
4036:
4019:
3993:
3968:
3895:
3874:Hunt, Katie (14 January 2020).
3856:
3830:
3719:
3684:
3607:
3582:
3518:
3491:
3369:
3344:
3319:
3294:
3267:
3209:
3182:
3146:
3101:
1994:(hiding ginkgo), because of an
1635:genetically, never showed much
830:
5854:Xian-guo; et al. (2000).
5692:International Psychogeriatrics
5648:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
5572:10.1002/14651858.CD003691.pub2
5523:10.1002/14651858.CD013514.pub2
5475:10.1002/14651858.CD003852.pub3
5106:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
4958:D'Cruz, Mark (15 April 2020).
3530:Plant Signaling & Behavior
3114:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2923:
2818:
2607:Autumn leaves and fallen seeds
2571:Ovules ready for fertilization
2514:since 1971, designated by the
2510:Ginkgo is an official tree of
2234:, headaches, dizziness, heart
1773:
1411:, which share with the extant
1086:), meaning "white fruit", and
686:
683:is New Latin for "two-lobed".
651:first introduced the spelling
1:
6188:Cuyler, Patricia Lee (1979).
4710:Biodiversity and Conservation
4311:10.1080/23818107.2022.2076259
4032:(in Latin). Lengoviae: Meyer.
3916:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00172-3
3504:. Morton Publishing Company.
3152:See page 131 of Car. a Linné
3019:. Drugs.com. 19 December 2023
2937:Ginkgo biloba
2735:
2516:Seoul Metropolitan Government
992:In 2020, a study in China of
5909:10.1080/10286020.2011.554828
5739:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
5605:Annals of Emergency Medicine
5507:"Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus"
5458:"Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus"
5399:10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.024
4688:Whetstone, R. David (2006).
4272:10.1016/j.palwor.2009.01.001
4254:Zhou, Zhi-Yan (March 2009).
3954:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.013
2382:traditional Chinese medicine
2268:women may include increased
2180:-related cognitive decline,
1886:
1756:Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine
1361:
854:. Male plants produce small
570:Compendium of Materia Medica
515:
508:, but there is insufficient
7:
7370:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
6218:"Tree, Flower & Bird -"
6042:. World Health Organization
5938:Kobayashi, Daisuke (2019).
4471:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.003
4207:"Ginkgoales: Fossil Record"
4026:Engelbert Kaempfer (1721).
3904:Journal of Chromatography A
2696:, introduced the ginkgo to
2687:
2547:Ginkgo pollen-bearing cones
2476:
2464:
2456:
2401:peripheral vascular disease
2264:, the effects of ginkgo on
2220:gastrointestinal discomfort
2050:
2016:age to be about 500 years.
1859:Royal Horticultural Society
1805:. Because of its status in
1399:from the earliest Permian (
1247:), and a hard section (the
1158:Pterophyllus salisburiensis
1156:, a placement by Nelson as
1124:
1114:
1108:
1094:
1082:
1067:
877:, one or both develop into
811:cross section of tree trunk
788:
663:
525:
342:Pterophyllus salisburiensis
10:
7396:
4762:Ogren, Thomas Leo (2000).
4730:10.1007/s10531-023-02593-z
4582:American Journal of Botany
4406:10.1038/s41467-019-12133-5
4338:American Journal of Botany
3977:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
3732:American Journal of Botany
3274:Meyer, Jeffrey G. (2004).
3171:Michel, Wolfgang (2011) .
3038:Coombes, Allen J. (1994),
2861:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2826:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
2751:Canadian Journal of Botany
2521:
2083:. Ginkgo nuts are used in
1946:temple (planted in 1850),
1923:were among the few living
1655:possibly represents a pre-
1615:At least morphologically,
18:
6820:
6750:
6663:
6485:
6365:
6303:, The Gymnosperm Database
5873:10.1093/chromsci/38.4.169
5751:10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.005
5704:10.1017/S1041610217001892
4888:Michigan Gardener's Guide
4819:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
4665:Roger Cohn (1 May 2013).
4576:Tang, CQ; al, et (2012).
3797:10.1186/s13742-016-0154-1
3711:: 109–114. Archived from
3670:. CRC Press. p. 37.
3040:Dictionary of Plant Names
2485:
2390:European Medicines Agency
1940:
1840:Ogren Plant Allergy Scale
1834:The disadvantage of male
1701:, such as along streams.
1553:Limited number of species
1426:that have more than four
1088:
965:
774:Adiantum capillus-veneris
721:
574:
559:
541:
330:
323:
306:
299:
185:Scientific classification
183:
163:
141:
132:
123:
30:
7380:Plants described in 1771
7355:Medicinal plants of Asia
6775:Queensland macadamia nut
6357:
6192:Sumo: From rite to sport
6061:Crane, Peter R. (2013).
5961:10.1248/yakushi.18-00136
5005:"10-The Great Ginkgo大銀杏"
4000:Chandler, Brian (2000).
3614:Plotnik, Arthur (2000).
3042:, London: Hamlyn Books,
2910:dictionary.cambridge.org
2830:explorer.natureserve.org
2380:Ginkgo has been used in
2203:symptoms in people with
1980:Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū's
1921:1945 atom bomb explosion
1709:Distribution and habitat
1370:A digital recreation of
1000:, and continued to make
771:of the maidenhair fern,
6244:"He Gave Us the Gingko"
6222:Official Website of the
4933:University of Minnesota
3396:10.1186/1471-2164-6-143
3091:Oxford University Press
2885:www.merriam-webster.com
2034:
1799:Japanese temple gardens
1735:Sungkyunkwan University
1191:can also be pronounced
1162:Salisburia adiantifolia
912:surrounding the female
350:Salisburia adiantifolia
7335:Endemic flora of China
6572:Johnstone River almond
5274:Phytochemical Analysis
5205:10.1542/peds.109.2.325
4765:Allergy-Free Gardening
4694:Flora of North America
4554:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800616
4088:10.3390/plants11101381
3134:Amoenitatum exoticarum
2420:
2076:
2068:
2060:
1982:shrine in the city of
1975:
1793:
1718:
1699:disturbed environments
1578:
1481:first appeared in the
1474:
1415:the characteristic of
1375:
812:
748:
734:
706:
679:
673:
658:Amoenitatum Exoticarum
657:
612:spelling pronunciation
522:Japanese pronunciation
504:is commonly used as a
374:Salisburia macrophylla
345:J.Nelson, nom. illeg.
7360:Plants used in bonsai
7350:Garden plants of Asia
6500:Australian cashew nut
5790:10.1055/s-0042-102884
5562:(Systematic review).
5464:(Systematic review).
5425:(Systematic review).
5388:(Systematic review).
5009:Tsurugaoka Hachimangu
4386:Nature Communications
3715:on 26 September 2015.
3249:www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
3087:UK English Dictionary
2429:Japanese tea ceremony
2414:
2074:
2066:
2058:
1973:
1863:Award of Garden Merit
1781:
1716:
1560:
1457:
1369:
807:
740:
729:
694:
674:Mantissa plantarum II
553:", which is found in
482:, extend back to the
460:), also known as the
171:Critically Imperiled
5039:Smithsonian Magazine
4912:ginkgo tree disease.
4350:10.3732/ajb.92.4.709
3666:Vanbeek, A. (2000).
3306:www.bio.brandeis.edu
2797:: e.T32353A9700472.
2730:List of edible seeds
2704:Bartheletia paradoxa
2658:Ginkgo biloba leaves
2470:) wear an elaborate
2376:Traditional medicine
2334:was restricted to 5
2101:) to dishes such as
2003:Minamoto no Sanetomo
1787:Morlanwelz-Mariemont
1534:and its associates.
1518:species left in the
1213:Amoenitates Exoticae
1205:Amoenitates Exoticae
1177:The scientific name
1022:flavonoid glycosides
761:dichotomous venation
391:, commonly known as
6578:Irvingia gabonensis
6314:Plants for a Future
6009:10.1248/cpb.33.3555
5339:Hum Psychopharmacol
5286:2004PChAn..15....1S
4794:"RHS Plantfinder –
4722:2023BiCon..32.2077W
4595:10.3732/ajb.1200168
4463:2008MolPE..48.1094G
4398:2019NatCo..10.4201Z
4303:2022BotL..169..442U
4168:2003Natur.423..821Z
3975:Simpson DP (1979).
3542:2012PlSiB...7.1168J
3143:(with illustration)
3129:Kaempfer, Engelbert
2500:ginkgo-leaf topknot
2407:Society and culture
2174:high blood pressure
1988:Kanagawa Prefecture
1731:University of Tokyo
1524:Southern Hemisphere
1520:Northern Hemisphere
1098:), meaning "silver
862:, each bearing two
846:, some trees being
578:published in 1578.
557:literature such as
369:Rich., nom. illeg.
135:Conservation status
6735:Single-leaf pinyon
6324:, PlantUse English
6248:The New York Times
5778:Pharmacopsychiatry
5660:10.3233/JAD-215423
5240:10.1007/BF00431055
5066:. 27 November 2015
4894:Cool Springs Press
3844:. 21 November 2016
3691:Ogura, Y. (1967).
3255:on 17 October 2000
3154:Mantissa plantarum
3117:. Merriam-Webster.
2421:
2285:allergic reactions
2201:tardive dyskinesia
2170:Systematic reviews
2077:
2069:
2061:
2029:Zhongnan Mountains
1976:
1803:Engelbert Kaempfer
1794:
1744:Southwestern China
1739:genetic uniformity
1719:
1579:
1537:At the end of the
1511:Ginkgo adiantoides
1475:
1467:McAbee fossil beds
1434:, while the taxon
1376:
1333:Ginkgo adiantoides
1197:Engelbert Kaempfer
1166:James Edward Smith
813:
749:
735:
707:
649:Engelbert Kaempfer
506:dietary supplement
464:, is a species of
334:Ginkgo macrophylla
7345:Flora of Zhejiang
7330:Endangered plants
7315:CYP3A4 inhibitors
7287:
7286:
7148:Open Tree of Life
6814:Taxon identifiers
6805:
6804:
6703:Monkey-puzzle nut
6565:Shellbark hickory
6550:Mockernut hickory
6510:Borneo tallow nut
6072:978-0-300-21382-9
5611:(4): 307–317.e1.
5392:(10): 1131–1136.
5341:(Meta-analysis).
5143:(12): 1555–1558.
5137:Internal Medicine
4907:978-1-930604-20-9
4856:US Forest Service
4779:978-1-58008-166-5
4516:978-0-7566-4865-7
4162:(6942): 821–822.
4134:The Seattle Times
3986:978-0-304-52257-6
3948:(11): 2002–2032.
3677:978-90-5702-488-7
3653:ucmp.berkeley.edu
3631:978-0-8129-3103-7
3600:978-0-7167-1007-3
3591:Biology of Plants
3550:10.4161/psb.21122
3511:978-1-61731-756-9
3287:978-0-7432-4974-4
3202:978-1-78064-694-7
3097:on 22 March 2020.
3049:978-0-600-58187-1
2757:(10): 1078–1087.
2247:drug interactions
2190:altitude sickness
1422:Such plants with
1154:Richard Salisbury
1141:derived from the
1018:proanthocyanidins
850:and others being
555:Chinese herbology
532:[ɡiŋkʲoː]
510:clinical evidence
384:
383:
378:
370:
366:Salisburia ginkgo
362:
358:Salisburia biloba
354:
353:Sm., nom. illeg.
346:
338:
178:
158:
7387:
7320:Dioecious plants
7280:
7279:
7267:
7266:
7254:
7253:
7241:
7240:
7228:
7227:
7215:
7214:
7202:
7201:
7189:
7188:
7179:
7178:
7166:
7165:
7156:
7155:
7143:
7142:
7130:
7129:
7117:
7116:
7107:
7106:
7094:
7093:
7091:NBNSYS0000042115
7081:
7080:
7068:
7067:
7055:
7054:
7042:
7041:
7029:
7028:
7016:
7015:
7003:
7002:
6990:
6989:
6977:
6976:
6964:
6963:
6951:
6950:
6938:
6937:
6925:
6924:
6912:
6911:
6902:
6901:
6889:
6888:
6879:
6878:
6869:
6868:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6809:
6808:
6560:Shagbark hickory
6462:Malabar chestnut
6352:
6345:
6338:
6329:
6328:
6276:
6275:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6195:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6174:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6124:
6118:
6113:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6011:
6002:(8): 3555–3557.
5988:
5982:
5981:
5963:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5654:(3): 1195–1204.
5643:
5637:
5636:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5583:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5534:
5517:(11): CD013514.
5502:
5496:
5495:
5477:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5401:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5351:10.1002/hup.2259
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5269:
5260:
5259:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5188:
5179:
5178:
5168:
5128:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5099:Lee, Seong-woo.
5096:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5011:. Archived from
5001:
4990:
4989:
4986:The Ginkgo Pages
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4939:on 13 March 2008
4935:. Archived from
4921:
4915:
4914:
4891:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4853:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4823:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4716:(6): 2077–2100.
4704:
4698:
4697:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4588:(8): 1408–1414.
4573:
4567:
4566:
4556:
4532:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4491:
4490:
4457:(3): 1094–1105.
4442:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4251:
4242:
4235:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4090:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4049:Arnold Arboretum
4040:
4034:
4033:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4002:"Ginkgo Origins"
3997:
3991:
3990:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3871:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3799:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3747:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3536:(9): 1168–1176.
3522:
3516:
3515:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3448:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3398:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3251:. Archived from
3241:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3221:arboretum.ua.edu
3213:
3207:
3206:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3093:. Archived from
3076:
3067:
3064:
3053:
3052:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3013:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2779:Sun, W. (1998).
2776:
2767:
2766:
2746:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2469:
2461:
2450:In professional
2441:Osaka University
2437:Tokyo University
2249:. The dosing of
2156:Medical research
2095:Buddha's delight
2091:Chinese New Year
1998:legend in which
1945:
1943:
1942:
1919:miles) from the
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1681:
1499:Early Cretaceous
1450:Rise and decline
1350:
1327:
1310:
1299:Ginkgo yimaensis
1293:
1268:and is the only
1160:and the earlier
1136:specific epithet
1127:
1117:
1111:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1085:
939:
927:
875:wind pollination
842:, with separate
817:Tianmu Mountains
733:leaves in summer
682:
676:
666:
660:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
577:
576:
562:
561:
545:
544:
543:
534:
528:
457:-oh, -goh
456:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
423:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
376:
368:
361:(L.) Hoffmanns.
360:
352:
344:
336:
312:
193:
192:
172:
169:
168:
152:
147:
146:
128:
106:
43:
36:Temporal range:
28:
27:
7395:
7394:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7384:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7275:
7270:
7262:
7257:
7249:
7244:
7236:
7231:
7223:
7218:
7210:
7205:
7197:
7192:
7184:
7182:
7174:
7169:
7161:
7159:
7151:
7146:
7138:
7135:Observation.org
7133:
7125:
7120:
7112:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7089:
7084:
7076:
7071:
7063:
7058:
7050:
7045:
7037:
7032:
7024:
7019:
7011:
7006:
6998:
6993:
6985:
6980:
6972:
6967:
6959:
6954:
6946:
6941:
6933:
6928:
6920:
6915:
6907:
6905:
6897:
6892:
6884:
6882:
6874:
6872:
6864:
6859:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6816:
6806:
6801:
6746:
6720:Colorado pinyon
6659:
6481:
6361:
6356:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6252:
6250:
6240:
6236:
6226:
6224:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6186:
6182:
6172:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6128:"Ginkgo folium"
6126:
6125:
6121:
6102:
6088:
6084:
6073:
6059:
6055:
6045:
6043:
6038:
6037:
6033:
5989:
5985:
5948:Yakugaku Zasshi
5943:
5936:
5932:
5893:
5889:
5852:
5848:
5825:
5821:
5770:
5766:
5731:
5727:
5687:
5683:
5644:
5640:
5601:
5597:
5566:(4): CD003691.
5552:
5548:
5503:
5499:
5468:(3): CD003852.
5454:
5450:
5419:
5415:
5378:
5374:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5294:10.1002/pca.733
5270:
5263:
5224:
5220:
5189:
5182:
5129:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5097:
5093:
5088:. 3 April 2018.
5084:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5067:
5064:The Independent
5058:
5057:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5003:
5002:
4993:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4908:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4851:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4760:
4753:
4705:
4701:
4690:"Ginkgo biloba"
4686:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4648:"Ginkgo biloba"
4644:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4574:
4570:
4533:
4524:
4517:
4501:
4494:
4443:
4439:
4377:
4373:
4330:
4326:
4283:
4279:
4252:
4245:
4236:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4203:
4199:
4176:10.1038/423821a
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4126:
4122:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4037:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3973:
3969:
3938:
3931:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3872:
3868:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3776:
3769:
3745:10.2307/2445823
3724:
3720:
3705:Phytomorphology
3689:
3685:
3678:
3664:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3587:
3583:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3496:
3492:
3449:
3430:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3126:
3122:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3065:
3056:
3050:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3017:"Ginkgo biloba"
3015:
3014:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2863:
2851:"Ginkgo biloba"
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2777:
2770:
2763:10.1139/b02-097
2747:
2743:
2738:
2721:, United States
2690:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2668:
2659:
2656:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2631:Ginkgo tree in
2629:
2620:
2617:
2608:
2605:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2581:
2572:
2569:
2560:
2557:
2548:
2545:
2536:
2533:
2524:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2482:
2409:
2378:
2351:
2262:systemic review
2260:According to a
2213:
2211:Adverse effects
2158:
2053:
2037:
2025:
1968:
1937:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1776:
1748:Tibetan Plateau
1711:
1679:
1649:
1555:
1483:Middle Jurassic
1465:epoch from the
1452:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1328:
1319:
1311:
1302:
1294:
1221:
1076:in Mandarin or
1070:
1010:
968:
959:Sakugoro Hirase
947:
946:
945:
944:
943:
940:
932:
931:
928:
916:at the center.
833:
791:
765:maidenhair tree
724:
689:
618:
614:
586:
582:
539:
518:
484:Middle Jurassic
468:tree native to
462:maidenhair tree
454:
425:
404:
400:
319:
314:
308:
295:
187:
179:
170:
166:
159:
148:
144:
137:
119:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
7393:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7375:Trees of China
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7277:wfo-0000795526
7268:
7255:
7242:
7229:
7216:
7203:
7190:
7180:
7167:
7157:
7144:
7131:
7118:
7108:
7095:
7082:
7069:
7056:
7043:
7030:
7017:
7004:
6991:
6978:
6965:
6952:
6939:
6926:
6913:
6906:Conifers.org:
6903:
6890:
6880:
6870:
6857:
6842:
6826:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6762:
6756:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Mexican pinyon
6727:
6722:
6717:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6687:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6669:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6648:English walnut
6645:
6640:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6608:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6594:Planted karuka
6586:
6581:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6491:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6472:Red bopple nut
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6435:European hazel
6432:
6427:
6425:American hazel
6417:
6416:
6415:
6413:Sweet chestnut
6405:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6391:European beech
6388:
6386:American beech
6378:
6372:
6370:
6368:botanical nuts
6363:
6362:
6355:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6317:
6316:Plant Database
6304:
6278:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:External links
6264:
6261:
6260:
6234:
6209:
6202:
6180:
6159:
6141:
6119:
6100:
6082:
6071:
6053:
6031:
5983:
5941:
5930:
5903:(4): 290–296.
5887:
5866:(4): 169–173.
5846:
5835:(3): e277-84.
5819:
5784:(3): 107–111.
5764:
5725:
5698:(3): 285–293.
5681:
5638:
5595:
5546:
5497:
5448:
5429:(3): 256–263.
5413:
5372:
5345:(6): 527–533.
5329:
5307:
5261:
5218:
5199:(2): 325–327.
5180:
5120:
5091:
5077:
5051:
5026:
4991:
4973:
4962:. Ma-Ke Bonsai
4950:
4916:
4906:
4876:
4849:'Autumn Gold'"
4835:
4810:
4785:
4778:
4751:
4699:
4680:
4657:
4652:Flora of China
4635:
4609:
4568:
4547:(4): 396–401.
4522:
4515:
4492:
4437:
4371:
4344:(4): 709–721.
4324:
4297:(4): 442–453.
4291:Botany Letters
4277:
4243:
4223:
4197:
4146:
4120:
4061:
4035:
4018:
3992:
3985:
3967:
3942:J Chromatogr A
3929:
3894:
3866:
3855:
3829:
3767:
3738:(6): 870–872.
3718:
3699:Cycas revoluta
3683:
3676:
3658:
3637:
3630:
3606:
3599:
3581:
3517:
3510:
3490:
3428:
3368:
3343:
3318:
3293:
3286:
3266:
3233:
3208:
3201:
3181:
3160:
3145:
3120:
3100:
3068:
3054:
3048:
3030:
2989:
2956:
2922:
2897:
2872:
2842:
2817:
2768:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2700:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2408:
2405:
2377:
2374:
2349:
2309:anacardic acid
2251:anticoagulants
2212:
2209:
2157:
2154:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2021:
1967:
1964:
1952:Myōjōin temple
1888:
1885:
1775:
1772:
1710:
1707:
1648:
1645:
1596:G. adiantoides
1590:: present-day
1565:leaves from a
1554:
1551:
1461:leaf from the
1451:
1448:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1288:
1270:extant species
1220:
1219:Classification
1217:
1148:, "twice" and
1069:
1066:
1014:phenolic acids
1009:
1008:Phytochemicals
1006:
1004:indefinitely.
1002:phytochemicals
967:
964:
941:
934:
933:
929:
922:
921:
920:
919:
918:
864:microsporangia
832:
829:
790:
787:
779:saffron yellow
723:
720:
688:
685:
565:Materia Medica
517:
514:
382:
381:
380:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
328:
327:
321:
320:
315:
304:
303:
297:
296:
292:G. biloba
289:
287:
283:
282:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
235:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
181:
180:
164:
161:
160:
142:
139:
138:
133:
130:
129:
121:
120:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7392:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7325:Edible plants
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7278:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7181:
7177:
7176:Ginkgo biloba
7172:
7168:
7164:
7163:Ginkgo_biloba
7158:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7105:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7074:
7070:
7066:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6904:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6881:
6877:
6871:
6867:
6866:ginkgo-biloba
6862:
6858:
6853:
6852:Ginkgo biloba
6847:
6843:
6838:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6822:Ginkgo biloba
6819:
6815:
6810:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6770:Macadamia nut
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6715:Chilgoza pine
6713:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6678:Burrawang nut
6676:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6525:Chilean hazel
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6477:Yellow walnut
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6353:
6348:
6346:
6341:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6323:
6322:
6321:Ginkgo biloba
6318:
6315:
6311:
6309:
6308:Ginkgo biloba
6305:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6290:Ginkgo biloba
6285:
6281:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6205:
6203:9780834801455
6199:
6194:
6193:
6184:
6169:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6116:Ginkgo biloba
6111:
6107:
6103:
6101:965-350-068-6
6097:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6064:
6057:
6041:
6035:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5934:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5850:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5823:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5774:Ginkgo biloba
5768:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5735:Ginkgo biloba
5729:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5685:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5501:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5386:Phytomedicine
5383:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5333:
5318:. Mayo Clinic
5317:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5266:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5234:(4): 227–30.
5233:
5229:
5222:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5125:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5087:
5081:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5015:on 5 May 2018
5014:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4961:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4913:
4909:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4889:
4880:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4848:
4847:Ginkgo biloba
4839:
4820:
4814:
4799:
4797:
4796:Ginkgo biloba
4789:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4640:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4497:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4248:
4240:
4239:Ginkgo biloba
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:Ginkgo biloba
3687:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3463:(1): 84–104.
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3332:
3328:
3327:"Ginkgo Tree"
3322:
3307:
3303:
3302:"Ginkgo Tree"
3297:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2783:Ginkgo biloba
2775:
2773:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:North America
2695:
2694:André Michaux
2692:
2691:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2646:Seeds on tree
2642:
2637:
2634:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2559:Bud in spring
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:Ginkgo biloba
2354:
2352:
2345:
2344:Ginkgo biloba
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:Ginkgo biloba
2328:
2327:
2326:Toxicodendron
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:adipostatin A
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:Ginkgo biloba
2286:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:bleeding time
2267:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:Ginkgo biloba
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2205:schizophrenia
2202:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2188:recovery, or
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:Ginkgo biloba
2163:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:Ginkgo biloba
2032:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:kakure-ichō's
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:Ginkgo biloba
1832:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:Ginkgo biloba
1780:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:Ginkgo biloba
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1723:Ginkgo biloba
1715:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1547:central China
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:was the only
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Ginkgo biloba
1456:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:living fossil
1380:
1379:Ginkgo biloba
1373:
1368:
1356:
1355:Ginkgo biloba
1349:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:Ginkgo apodes
1309:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:living fossil
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Spermatophyta
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:Carl Linnaeus
1129:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
981:
977:
976:Ginkgo biloba
973:
963:
960:
956:
952:
938:
926:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Ginkgo biloba
828:
826:
822:
818:
810:
809:Ginkgo biloba
806:
802:
800:
796:
786:
782:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
743:
739:
732:
728:
719:
717:
712:
705:
701:
697:
696:Ginkgo biloba
693:
684:
681:
675:
670:
669:Carl Linnaeus
665:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
613:
607:
579:
572:
571:
567:) (1329) and
566:
556:
552:
549:
538:
533:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
495:living fossil
492:
491:human history
488:
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
449:
398:
394:
390:
389:
388:Ginkgo biloba
375:
372:
367:
364:
359:
356:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
331:
329:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
310:Ginkgo biloba
305:
302:
301:Binomial name
298:
294:
293:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:Tracheophytes
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
191:
186:
182:
176:
162:
156:
151:
140:
136:
131:
127:
122:
118:
114:
110:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
33:
32:Ginkgo biloba
29:
26:
22:
6821:
6782:Paradise nut
6689:
6684:
6638:Black walnut
6612:Panda oleosa
6610:
6576:
6430:Beaked hazel
6320:
6307:
6288:
6287:
6286:profile for
6283:
6251:. Retrieved
6247:
6237:
6225:. Retrieved
6221:
6212:
6191:
6183:
6171:. Retrieved
6162:
6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6122:
6115:
6091:
6085:
6076:
6062:
6056:
6044:. Retrieved
6034:
5999:
5995:
5986:
5951:
5947:
5933:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5863:
5859:
5849:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5695:
5691:
5684:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5563:
5559:
5549:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5465:
5461:
5451:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5389:
5385:
5375:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5320:. Retrieved
5310:
5277:
5273:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5196:
5192:
5140:
5136:
5111:. Retrieved
5104:
5094:
5080:
5068:. Retrieved
5063:
5054:
5042:. Retrieved
5038:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
5013:the original
5008:
4985:
4976:
4964:. Retrieved
4953:
4941:. Retrieved
4937:the original
4928:
4919:
4911:
4887:
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4846:
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4813:
4801:. Retrieved
4795:
4788:
4764:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4683:
4671:. Retrieved
4660:
4651:
4626:. Retrieved
4621:
4612:
4585:
4581:
4571:
4544:
4540:
4505:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4389:
4385:
4374:
4341:
4337:
4327:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4263:
4259:
4238:
4214:. Retrieved
4200:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:
4123:
4081:(10): 1381.
4078:
4074:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4048:
4038:
4028:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4006:Ginkgo pages
4005:
3995:
3976:
3970:
3945:
3941:
3910:(1): 21–55.
3907:
3903:
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3879:
3869:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3841:
3832:
3787:
3783:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3713:the original
3708:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3667:
3661:
3652:
3616:
3609:
3590:
3584:
3533:
3529:
3520:
3500:
3493:
3460:
3457:Paleobiology
3456:
3452:
3386:
3383:BMC Genomics
3382:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:
3296:
3276:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3253:the original
3248:
3224:. Retrieved
3220:
3211:
3191:
3184:
3153:
3148:
3137:(in Latin).
3133:
3123:
3112:
3103:
3095:the original
3083:
3039:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
2980:. Retrieved
2947:. Retrieved
2942:
2936:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2909:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:
2875:
2864:, retrieved
2854:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2794:
2788:
2782:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2708:
2702:
2509:
2449:
2422:
2387:
2379:
2357:
2356:Since 2016,
2355:
2346:can deplete
2343:
2340:Commission E
2331:
2324:
2288:
2283:may produce
2278:
2259:
2242:
2240:standardized
2236:palpitations
2216:Side effects
2214:
2194:
2165:
2159:
2135:
2124:case reports
2117:
2102:
2098:
2084:
2081:Chinese food
2078:
2040:
2039:The wood of
2038:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2011:
1991:
1977:
1958:-cutting at
1935:
1930:hibakujumoku
1928:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1811:Confucianism
1795:
1782:
1765:
1760:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1628:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1562:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1486:
1485:. The genus
1478:
1476:
1458:
1443:Sphenobaiera
1441:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1412:
1394:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1354:
1337:
1331:
1314:
1297:
1277:
1263:
1253:
1222:
1212:
1209:romanization
1204:
1199:, the first
1192:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1164:proposed by
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1058:alkylphenols
1044:trilactones
1034:isorhamnetin
1011:
991:
975:
969:
954:
948:
930:Pollen cones
887:butyric acid
868:
856:pollen cones
835:
834:
831:Reproduction
814:
808:
792:
783:
772:
764:
757:anastomosing
750:
741:
730:
716:aerial roots
708:
695:
671:in his book
655:in his book
652:
647:
580:
568:
519:
500:Ginkgo leaf
499:
477:
461:
396:
392:
387:
386:
385:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
309:
307:
291:
290:
278:
248:Ginkgoopsida
228:Gymnospermae
221:
208:
39:51.5–0
31:
25:
21:Gingo biloba
7073:NatureServe
6995:iNaturalist
6909:Ginkgoaceae
6846:Wikispecies
6792:Peanut tree
6752:Angiosperms
6725:Korean pine
6665:Gymnosperms
6599:Wild karuka
6445:Asian hazel
6310:information
5322:26 December
5109:(in Korean)
4673:3 September
4624:(in Korean)
4509:. Penguin.
4392:(1): 4201.
4266:(1): 1–22.
4260:Palaeoworld
4011:22 November
3848:23 November
3784:GigaScience
3352:"PlantsMap"
3226:26 February
2982:19 February
2810:19 November
2717:in central
2445:Ikko Tanaka
2319:present in
2315:shells and
2291:leaves and
2120:ginkgotoxin
2104:chawanmushi
1992:kakure-ichō
1815:naturalized
1774:Cultivation
1752:Samcheok-si
1685:Modern-day
1617:G. gardneri
1601:G. gardneri
1594:(including
1575:Scarborough
1493:during the
1396:Trichopitys
1260:Ginkgoaceae
1249:sclerotesta
1118:) and into
1112:) or ぎんなん (
1062:polyprenols
1050:bilobalides
1046:ginkgolides
914:gametophyte
908:, with the
902:sclerotesta
860:sporophylls
821:lignotubers
687:Description
563:(Daily Use
268:Ginkgoaceae
238:Ginkgophyta
175:NatureServe
7294:Categories
7199:kew-334053
7194:Plant List
6883:Calflora:
6760:Brazil nut
6740:Stone pine
6685:Ginkgo nut
6515:Breadfruit
6078:centuries.
5954:(1): 1–6.
5280:(1): 1–8.
5193:Pediatrics
5113:6 November
4966:4 February
4896:. p.
4628:14 October
3887:19 January
3356:Plants Map
2949:19 January
2931:USDA, NRCS
2736:References
2719:Washington
2535:Trunk bark
2427:school of
2415:Symbol of
2362:carcinogen
2323:and other
2321:poison ivy
2313:cashew nut
2297:allergenic
2293:sarcotesta
2253:, such as
2150:poison ivy
2142:dermatitis
2138:sarcotesta
2128:pyridoxine
1996:Edo period
1956:Edo period
1948:Shukkei-en
1673:cycadeoids
1657:angiosperm
1637:speciation
1625:subspecies
1391:Cisuralian
1245:sarcotesta
1237:gymnosperm
1054:biflavones
1040:, and the
1030:kaempferol
1024:, such as
998:senescence
983:nucleobase
883:sarcotesta
825:Tianmushan
799:internodes
744:leaves in
535:) for the
474:Ginkgoales
466:gymnosperm
258:Ginkgoales
234:Division:
150:Endangered
6961:200005235
6948:200005235
6765:Macadamia
6698:Bunya nut
6691:Araucaria
6643:Butternut
6628:Pistachio
6618:Pekea nut
6540:Gabon nut
6505:Betel nut
6457:Kurrajong
6403:Candlenut
6366:True, or
6253:17 August
6227:12 August
6110:233179155
6018:0009-2363
5970:0031-6903
5798:0176-3679
5712:1741-203X
5676:245311001
5633:205542308
5492:205171459
5423:Maturitas
5157:0918-2918
5070:7 October
5044:7 October
4746:257939546
4738:1572-9710
4479:1095-9513
4414:2041-1723
4358:0002-9122
4319:2381-8107
4097:2223-7747
3806:2047-217X
3790:(1): 49.
3558:1559-2324
3477:0094-8373
3405:1471-2164
3331:prezi.com
3259:12 August
3139:Lemgoviae
2725:Herbalism
2478:ōichōmage
2399:and mild
2368:) by the
2348:vitamin B
2317:urushiols
2274:lactation
2178:menopause
2160:Although
2131:phosphate
2113:sinseonro
1960:Anraku-ji
1954:, and an
1925:organisms
1893:Hiroshima
1887:Hiroshima
1829:cultivars
1821:G. biloba
1721:Although
1687:G. biloba
1629:G. biloba
1606:Paleocene
1604:from the
1592:G. biloba
1571:formation
1506:Paleocene
1413:G. biloba
1362:Evolution
1339:G. cranei
1278:G. biloba
1229:Pinophyta
1201:Westerner
1106:as イチョウ (
1038:quercetin
1026:myricetin
906:endotesta
840:dioecious
546:meaning "
516:Etymology
470:East Asia
286:Species:
198:Kingdom:
7264:14100001
7259:Tropicos
7160:PalDat:
7078:2.158473
7026:10200404
7013:262125-1
6873:BioLib:
6831:Wikidata
6710:Pine nut
6653:Heartnut
6623:Pili nut
6606:Mongongo
6584:Jack nut
6467:Palm nut
6452:Kola nut
6420:Hazelnut
6408:Chestnut
6398:Breadnut
6046:27 April
5978:30606915
5925:25305504
5917:21462031
5882:10766484
5841:17085776
5814:36484519
5806:26979525
5759:27940086
5720:28931444
5668:34924395
5625:22153998
5590:16235335
5541:36383762
5484:23543524
5443:21237589
5408:24877716
5359:23001963
5316:"Ginkgo"
5302:14979519
5256:24855206
5213:11826216
5175:32132337
4943:29 March
4869:29 March
4860:Archived
4798:'Troll'"
4604:22847538
4563:15536482
4541:Heredity
4487:18554931
4432:31519986
4366:21652450
4184:12815417
4115:35631806
3962:19195661
3924:12219929
3842:BBC News
3824:27871309
3762:21708639
3576:22899081
3485:19865243
3423:16225698
3195:. CABI.
3131:(1712).
3109:"ginkgo"
3080:"ginkgo"
3023:13 April
2976:"Ginkgo"
2933:(n.d.).
2906:"ginkgo"
2835:31 March
2688:See also
2466:makuuchi
2425:Urasenke
2397:dementia
2366:group 2B
2266:pregnant
2255:warfarin
2232:diarrhea
2228:vomiting
2197:dementia
2182:tinnitus
2162:extracts
2146:blisters
2109:izakayas
2051:Culinary
1984:Kamakura
1962:temple.
1807:Buddhism
1633:evolving
1621:ecotypes
1610:Scotland
1588:Cenozoic
1567:Jurassic
1539:Pliocene
1495:Jurassic
1491:Laurasia
1473:, Canada
1407:are the
1401:Asselian
1330:Extinct
1313:Extinct
1296:Extinct
1282:Pliocene
1262:, genus
1256:division
1171:Adiantum
1125:eunhaeng
1104:Japanese
1078:Ngan-gwo
1068:Taxonomy
910:nucellus
789:Branches
325:Synonyms
264:Family:
155:IUCN 3.1
113:Ypresian
7060:MoBotPF
6974:2687885
6922:1156278
6797:Soybean
6545:Hickory
6530:Coconut
6440:Filbert
6280:Scholia
6173:18 June
6150:"東大マーク"
6114:, s.v.
6026:4085085
5745:: 1–9.
5581:6991933
5532:9668350
5367:6307491
5282:Bibcode
5248:2774654
5166:7364239
4828:2 March
4803:2 March
4718:Bibcode
4459:Bibcode
4423:6744486
4394:Bibcode
4299:Bibcode
4192:4342303
4164:Bibcode
4139:13 June
4106:9143338
4054:13 June
3815:5118899
3754:2445823
3567:3489653
3538:Bibcode
3414:1285361
3389:: 143.
3361:24 June
3336:18 July
3311:18 July
2522:Gallery
2494:
2474:called
2472:topknot
2338:by the
2301:bilobol
2279:Ginkgo
2184:, post-
1978:At the
1914:⁄
1900:⁄
1874:penjing
1791:Belgium
1569:period
1561:Fossil
1419:sperm.
1387:Permian
1353:Extant
1122:as 은행 (
1100:apricot
1095:yínxìng
1083:bái guǒ
1042:terpene
704:Belgium
700:Tournai
551:apricot
526:gin kyō
502:extract
337:K.Koch
274:Genus:
254:Order:
244:Class:
202:Plantae
173: (
153: (
117:Present
7310:Ginkgo
7251:127217
7246:Steere
7207:PLANTS
7153:994084
7140:118279
7111:NZOR:
7065:280988
7039:183269
6861:ARKive
6837:Q43284
6787:Peanut
6633:Walnut
6589:Karuka
6535:Durian
6520:Cashew
6495:Almond
6487:Drupes
6282:has a
6200:
6134:11 May
6108:
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3046:
2915:2 July
2890:2 July
2866:1 July
2711:leaves
2709:Ginkgo
2633:autumn
2281:pollen
2224:nausea
2186:stroke
2099:ginnan
2086:congee
2000:shōgun
1880:bonsai
1844:pollen
1789:Park,
1703:Ginkgo
1695:Ginkgo
1691:Ginkgo
1680:'s
1677:Ginkgo
1671:, and
1669:cycads
1661:Ginkgo
1653:Ginkgo
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1583:Ginkgo
1563:Ginkgo
1543:Ginkgo
1532:Ginkgo
1528:Ginkgo
1516:Ginkgo
1487:Ginkgo
1479:Ginkgo
1463:Eocene
1437:Baiera
1432:Ginkgo
1424:leaves
1417:motile
1409:cycads
1372:Baiera
1265:Ginkgo
1241:fruits
1193:ginkyō
1189:ginnan
1179:Ginkgo
1139:biloba
1120:Korean
1115:ginnan
1074:yínguǒ
1060:, and
1036:, and
994:ginkgo
972:genome
966:Genome
955:Ginkgo
951:motile
942:Ovules
894:butter
891:rancid
871:ovules
848:female
769:pinnae
753:leaves
746:autumn
742:Ginkgo
731:Ginkgo
722:Leaves
680:biloba
653:ginkgo
548:silver
479:Ginkgo
397:gingko
393:ginkgo
377:Reyn.
279:Ginkgo
109:Eocene
107:Early
7212:GIBI2
7183:PFI:
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7052:32353
7021:IRMNG
7000:64350
6987:17540
6935:GIKBI
6899:3G3B3
6694:spp.
6673:Cycad
6555:Pecan
6381:Beech
6376:Acorn
6284:topic
5921:S2CID
5810:S2CID
5672:S2CID
5629:S2CID
5488:S2CID
5363:S2CID
5252:S2CID
5019:5 May
4863:(PDF)
4852:(PDF)
4822:(PDF)
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4188:S2CID
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2433:Tokyo
2417:Tokyo
2311:from
2144:, or
2007:Kugyō
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1428:veins
1405:clade
1381:is a
1233:ovary
1184:Kanji
1143:Latin
1109:ichou
987:genes
898:vomit
879:fruit
858:with
844:sexes
795:axils
711:crown
537:kanji
487:epoch
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7238:7990
7220:POWO
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7171:PfaF
7127:4147
7104:3311
7099:NCBI
7047:IUCN
7034:ITIS
7008:IPNI
6982:GRIN
6969:GBIF
6930:EPPO
6886:9340
6876:2305
6359:Nuts
6255:2015
6229:2023
6198:ISBN
6175:2019
6154:東京大学
6136:2021
6106:OCLC
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5794:ISSN
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5716:PMID
5708:ISSN
5664:PMID
5621:PMID
5586:PMID
5564:2005
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5515:2022
5480:PMID
5439:PMID
5404:PMID
5355:PMID
5324:2020
5298:PMID
5244:PMID
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5153:ISSN
5115:2023
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