556:âIn the 1970s, the Christian Democratic Italian Government (with the active encouragement of the left) appropriated (and wasted) tens of billions of dollars to build one of the countryâs largest steel plants in Calabria, but the project was abandoned because of a crisis in the steel industry.... The government ultimately completed construction of a huge seaport at Gioia Tauro (the sixth largest in the Mediterranean) which was originally meant to service the steel plant.... Perry notes that âthe railway that connected Gioia Tauro to Europe stopped 1.5 kilometers short of the port, meaning all the cargoâ â legal and illegal â âfrom one of the biggest Mediterranean container ports had to be loaded onto mafia-owned trucks and driven three minutes to the station.â The port's legitimate business has struggled in recent years, no doubt a result of Mafia control.â
1652:
584:
distribution and forwarding to customs control and container storage." The extortion of Ravano and
Contship was part of a project that "did not involve simply this security tax, which grew with the port, but also control of activities tied to the port, the hiring of workers, and relations with port unions and local institutions". "It effectively eliminated legitimate competition from companies not influenced or controlled by the mafia in providing goods and services, performing construction work and hiring personnel. And it threw a shadow over the behaviour of local government and other public bodies."
97:
67:
130:
55:
4536:
4546:
4556:
1093:
137:
104:
549:. It was alleged that representatives of the criminal organisations discussed plans to ship cocaine and heroin from Gioia Tauro to the United States, selling more than 1.3 kilograms (2.9 lb) of heroin to an FBI undercover agent, thinking it would be distributed across the United States. A mafia expert said that the US mafia understood that the Sicilian
452:, exploited the construction of the steelworks until the project was abandoned in 1979, when the crisis in the steel industry could no longer be ignored and the government decided there was no economic basis for it. In the meantime some 1,000 people were killed in conflicts over construction contracts. For a while the
575:
rented the port area to start transshipment activity and the
Medcenter Container Terminal was set up thanks to 138 billion lire (about US$ 86 million) in state financing, the Piromallis aimed to oblige the Medcenter company, through its vice president Walter Lugli, and the Contship company, through
607:
Gioia Tauro's former mayor and deputy mayor, Giorgio Dal
Torrione and Rosario Schiavone, were arrested on mafia charges on October 13, 2008. Both had been forced to step down in April, when the city council was dissolved on suspicion of mafia infiltration. 'Ndrangheta boss Gioacchino Piromalli was
583:
concluded that the 'Ndrangheta "controls or influences a large part of the economic activity around the port and uses the facility as a base for illegal trafficking." In its report it said that "the entire gamma of internal or sub-contracted activities is mafia-influenced, from the management of
436:
in 1970, signalling frustration over the central government's neglect of the region. The construction of a large steel plant and port facility was meant to bring income and jobs to
Calabria. Until then Gioia Tauro had been a productive and beautiful agricultural area. Profitable farms and olive
608:
arrested as well, along with his nephew, also named
Gioacchino Piromalli, who is a lawyer. The mayors were accused of employing the younger Piromalli. Police believe the legal work was a front to enable the Piromallis to regain a slice of the business generated by the port of Gioia Tauro.
463:
Following this, a proposed electrical energy power station was never built, due to environmental problems. Gioia Tauro became an example of the failure that characterized much of the development of Italy's South as "industrialisation without development."
769:
Paolo VisonĂ âLâinsediamento tardoellenistico di contrada Mella,â in R. Agostino (ed.), Gli
Italici del Metauros. Catalogo della Mostra Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Reggio Calabria 29 aprile â 31 ottobre 2005 (Reggio Calabria 2005), pp.
66:
974:, Relazione sullo stato della lotta alla criminalitĂ organizzata in Calabria, Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sul fenomeno della mafia e delle altre associazioni criminali similari, July 2000
4585:
596:
of Gioia Tauro was dissolved in 1991 because of infiltration by the 'Ndrangheta. In April 2008, it was dissolved for the second time for the same reason. The town is home to several
1131:
541:
and the
Italian police made arrests in a joint operation aimed at smashing a new trafficking route for drugs and weapons that officials said had brought together the
1021:
662:
809:
1124:
576:
its president Enrico Ravano, to pay a kickback of US$ 1.50 for each transshipped container, about half of the net profits earned by the two companies.
920:
1683:
1651:
1117:
567:
clan managed to condition the management of the new container terminal. Established in the mid-1990s, it became the largest terminal in the
165:
3283:
490:
from more than 3,000 ships. In 2018 the port was in eighth place for EU container traffic, on a higher throughput of 4.05 million
701:
4595:
998:
878:
482:
has seven loading docks with an extension of 4,646 metres (15,243 ft); it is the largest in Italy and the seventh-largest
4580:
96:
2671:
1150:
348:
224:
1063:
1676:
129:
3293:
2983:
2676:
2610:
2681:
2656:
1080:
1055:
903:
721:
4490:
3239:
2666:
2661:
3133:
2993:
2988:
2265:
1561:
1006:
757:
La
Colonizzazione e il Periodo Greco, Capitolo III, Il VI Secolo e lo Scontro con Crotone, Battaglia della Sagra
1109:
4517:
3158:
2572:
1669:
1571:
934:
813:
4512:
4069:
3562:
3078:
2998:
2696:
2406:
1556:
895:
983:
4485:
3014:
2468:
1097:
925:
849:
288:
219:
3540:
3148:
3024:
2686:
2640:
2595:
2371:
2060:
1576:
491:
487:
54:
4079:
4201:
4074:
3207:
3202:
3178:
3088:
2605:
1703:
1566:
879:
Guardian newspaper:Police break transatlantic network of US and
Italian crime families, 1 February 2014
4559:
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3458:
3261:
3246:
3168:
3103:
2423:
2318:
1792:
1726:
862:
3070:
3050:
2248:
1906:
3256:
3219:
3153:
2819:
2706:
1551:
1381:
1003:
Commissione parlamentare di inchiesta sul fenomeno della criminalitĂ organizzata mafiosa o similare
4590:
4539:
3663:
3463:
3448:
3251:
3234:
3214:
3183:
3083:
3019:
2635:
2620:
2590:
2551:
2428:
2280:
1782:
1631:
1033:
971:
572:
514:
383:
The remains are a little further inland in the old town of Gioia Tauro on a rise overlooking the
1536:
4497:
3500:
3271:
3229:
3163:
3128:
2580:
2564:
2260:
2201:
2050:
2045:
1521:
417:
4549:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3743:
3433:
3173:
3143:
3098:
3093:
2724:
2691:
2493:
2398:
2384:
2040:
1911:
1875:
1526:
1406:
1316:
1226:
267:
72:
1059:
497:
In 2002 more than one-third of national traffic went through the seaport; it specializes in
4600:
4021:
4015:
4001:
3485:
3443:
3415:
3300:
3113:
2343:
2139:
1486:
1366:
1002:
601:
580:
560:
542:
449:
405:
in the 6th c. BC. It was one of the smaller ancient Greek centres among the settlements in
277:
8:
4152:
4122:
3510:
3405:
3400:
2837:
2152:
2065:
2035:
1989:
1752:
1516:
892:
The Good
Mothers: The True Story of the Women Who Took on the Worldâs Most Powerful Mafia
473:
356:
4369:
4266:
4172:
3816:
3733:
3621:
3123:
2947:
2463:
2443:
2300:
2171:
2055:
1850:
1777:
1641:
1426:
1261:
597:
510:
299:
4545:
4444:
4031:
3580:
3428:
3380:
3224:
3193:
3138:
3055:
2932:
2804:
2625:
2458:
2411:
2351:
2225:
2207:
2183:
2165:
2120:
2075:
2070:
1721:
1596:
1421:
1231:
1076:
1051:
899:
71:
Map of the province of Reggio Calabria, with Gioia Tauro located to the north at the
672:
4374:
3906:
3871:
3688:
3545:
3423:
3310:
3305:
2630:
2585:
2416:
2323:
1939:
1772:
1757:
1747:
1586:
1431:
758:
483:
337:
207:
564:
4389:
4147:
3935:
3748:
3490:
3356:
3288:
2615:
2213:
2195:
2189:
2103:
2080:
1954:
1865:
1825:
1762:
1491:
1471:
1441:
1191:
1171:
1139:
1071:
1046:
725:
433:
26:
4414:
4127:
525:
According to a 2006 report, Italian investigators estimate that 80% of Europe's
4271:
4211:
4206:
4162:
3943:
3891:
3881:
3861:
3851:
3595:
3590:
3585:
2438:
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2231:
2219:
2019:
1994:
1767:
1692:
1511:
1506:
1351:
1211:
1166:
648:
546:
445:
441:
429:
406:
384:
352:
700:
All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute (
4574:
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4424:
4399:
4089:
4011:
3693:
3636:
3535:
3525:
3495:
3477:
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2095:
1934:
1855:
1246:
568:
534:
498:
457:
453:
410:
180:
167:
428:
In the 1970s, Gioia Tauro was the main centre for industrial development in
4324:
4276:
4142:
3996:
3866:
3505:
3341:
2847:
2809:
2508:
1541:
1291:
866:
593:
1396:
737:
Grimaldi, William M. A. (1988). Aristotle, Rhetoric II. ISBN 9780823210497
718:
679:
4344:
4236:
4216:
4044:
3552:
3530:
3520:
3515:
3438:
3395:
2942:
2852:
2842:
2729:
2719:
2483:
1860:
1835:
1546:
1466:
1416:
1216:
623:
617:
550:
391:
4049:
4281:
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4231:
4117:
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3753:
3723:
3390:
3118:
2952:
2794:
2789:
2779:
2764:
2749:
2739:
2714:
2090:
1845:
1800:
1626:
1321:
1311:
1176:
1104:
834:
Van Marle, Gavin (2008-01-31). "Europe Terminals stretched to limit".
375:
Gioia Tauro has been continuously inhabited for more than 2500 years.
4256:
4182:
4167:
4137:
4132:
4064:
3988:
3973:
3958:
3901:
3801:
3453:
3385:
2957:
2937:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2862:
2857:
2827:
2774:
2734:
2513:
2379:
2333:
2313:
1944:
1815:
1636:
1481:
1461:
1451:
1401:
1356:
1301:
1296:
1276:
1251:
1196:
746:
537:. These activities are controlled by the 'Ndrangheta. In 2014 the US
448:-type criminal organisation based in Calabria, and in particular the
364:
319:
258:
1286:
812:. American Association of Port Authorities. May 2007. Archived from
680:"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"
4306:
4296:
4286:
4261:
4039:
4006:
3968:
3911:
3826:
3811:
3668:
3658:
3575:
3570:
2967:
2962:
2922:
2917:
2892:
2872:
2799:
2754:
2744:
2600:
2498:
2433:
2361:
1969:
1616:
1606:
1591:
1531:
1411:
1386:
1361:
1306:
1281:
1221:
1186:
1140:
642:
530:
506:
212:
4059:
1456:
4449:
4439:
4384:
4379:
4364:
4354:
4339:
4334:
4221:
4109:
4099:
3978:
3953:
3948:
3921:
3916:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3773:
3763:
3738:
3703:
3698:
3673:
3326:
3108:
2769:
2759:
2518:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2453:
2448:
2328:
2275:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1661:
1601:
1501:
1496:
1446:
1436:
1391:
1376:
1341:
1331:
1326:
1266:
1236:
1206:
636:
526:
479:
4394:
3708:
4419:
4349:
4329:
4291:
4157:
3963:
3856:
3793:
3783:
3728:
3346:
3331:
2927:
2912:
2887:
2882:
2867:
2528:
2523:
2290:
2270:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1870:
1830:
1820:
1805:
1611:
1336:
1271:
1256:
1241:
1201:
1181:
1161:
1145:
1092:
398:
343:
284:
263:
43:
660:
639:, a hot, dry wind originating in Sahara Desert (southeasterly)
553:
had been so weakened that it allowed the 'Ndrangheta to rise.
4429:
4404:
4301:
4241:
4226:
4094:
4054:
3806:
3718:
3713:
3683:
3678:
3653:
3336:
2877:
2832:
2784:
2356:
2308:
2009:
1979:
1926:
1901:
1840:
1810:
1621:
1581:
1476:
1371:
571:, moving over 2 million containers in 1998. Since 1994, when
502:
402:
200:
645:, very dangerous for shippers (to be avoided; southwesterly)
505:
as the node for overseas traffic to and from the US and the
4434:
4409:
4359:
3846:
3836:
587:
486:
port in Europe, with a 2007 throughput of 3.7 million
360:
4586:
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
1072:
Italy, a Difficult Democracy: A Survey of Italian Politics
533:
via Gioia Tauro's docks. The port is also involved in the
651:(Ponente), the predominant and quiet wind (northwesterly)
538:
367:, one of the busiest maritime corridors in the world.
984:
Gioia Tauro 'controlled by mafia for over a decade'
1047:Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
4572:
759:https://www.locriantica.it/storia/per_greco3.htm
1897:
894:. New York, New York: William Morrow. pp.
1069:Spotts, Frederic & Theodor Wieser (1986).
520:
1677:
1125:
41:
517:) is the main operator working in the port.
778:
776:
714:
712:
710:
30:
2563:
1684:
1670:
1132:
1118:
1027:
682:. Italian National Institute of Statistics
1022:Sciolto Consiglio comunale di Gioia Tauro
1012:
962:
856:
833:
437:groves were expropriated and demolished.
977:
949:
789:
773:
728:, undated ADN Kronos report on Italtrade
707:
655:
588:'Ndrangheta infiltration of city council
456:of Gioia Tauro, was higher than that of
4573:
3617:
919:Stille, Alexander (October 24, 2019).
918:
467:
359:, situated along the route connecting
4474:
3616:
3045:
2549:
1896:
1716:
1665:
1113:
1024:, Corriere della Sera, April 22, 2008
889:
850:"Eurostat Top 20 EU Containger Ports"
336:
240:39.87 km (15.39 sq mi)
4085:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1717:
1151:Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
1050:, New York: Oxford University Press
694:
349:Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
999:Relazione annuale sulla 'ndrangheta
579:In February 2008 the parliamentary
432:, following a burst of violence in
136:
103:
13:
3046:
1691:
1034:Mayors, mobsters in 'Ndrangheta op
921:"Breaking the Silence in Calabria"
501:activities, replacing the port of
397:It was established by Greeks from
14:
4612:
1086:
986:, Lloydâs List, February 21, 2008
836:Lloyds List Daily Commercial News
611:
4554:
4544:
4535:
4534:
1650:
1091:
604:, Molè, and Piromalli families.
135:
128:
116:Location of Gioia Tauro in Italy
102:
95:
65:
53:
4555:
989:
912:
883:
872:
842:
827:
802:
1075:, Cambridge University Press,
763:
751:
740:
731:
1:
2156:
2143:
2124:
2107:
665:
423:
420:was fought nearby in 207 BC.
394:(630-555 BC) was born there.
4581:Cities and towns in Calabria
3284:Funeral and burial practices
2469:Military of Mycenaean Greece
926:The New York Review of Books
797:Italy, a Difficult Democracy
784:Italy, a Difficult Democracy
7:
1577:Santo Stefano in Aspromonte
1572:Santa Cristina d'Aspromonte
521:'Ndrangheta control of port
378:
10:
4617:
4596:History of the 'Ndrangheta
3208:Greek Revival architecture
2550:
1557:Sant'Alessio in Aspromonte
1105:Postcards from Gioia Tauro
810:"World Port Rankings 2005"
471:
390:The renowned ancient poet
370:
4530:
4481:
4475:
4470:
4315:
4192:
4181:
4108:
4030:
3987:
3934:
3792:
3644:
3635:
3631:
3612:
3561:
3476:
3414:
3376:
3369:
3319:
3279:
3270:
3192:
3069:
3065:
3041:
3007:
2976:
2818:
2705:
2649:
2616:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2571:
2562:
2558:
2545:
2424:Antigonid Macedonian army
2397:
2370:
2342:
2299:
2256:
2247:
2089:
2028:
1925:
1921:
1892:
1791:
1740:
1736:
1712:
1699:
1648:
1562:Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte
1157:
747:Solinus, Polyhistor, 2.10
313:
305:
295:
274:
257:
249:
244:
236:
231:
218:
206:
196:
161:
89:
80:
64:
52:
39:
21:
16:Comune in Calabria, Italy
1382:Marina di Gioiosa Ionica
1036:, ANSA, October 13, 2008
630:
25:
1632:Terranova Sappo Minulio
1567:Sant'Ilario dello Ionio
1066:by Alexandra V. Orlova)
1044:Paoli, Letizia (2003).
719:Success for Gioia Tauro
338:[ËdĘÉËjaËtauro]
83:Location of Gioia Tauro
75:(A2 depicted in green).
59:Panorama of Gioia Tauro
2650:Artists & scholars
2565:List of ancient Greeks
2202:Second Athenian League
2051:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1876:Ancient Greek colonies
1522:San Giovanni di Gerace
600:, such as the Alvaro,
418:Battle of the Metaurus
355:. It has an important
347:(municipality) in the
149:Gioia Tauro (Calabria)
42:
31:
3769:Sybaris on the Traeis
2494:Sacred Band of Thebes
2234:(c. 300 BCâc. 300 AD)
1748:Cycladic civilization
1552:Sant'Agata del Bianco
1407:Melito di Porto Salvo
1317:Feroleto della Chiesa
1100:at Wikimedia Commons
1062:by Klaus Von Lampe) (
795:Spotts & Wieser,
782:Spotts & Wieser,
656:Demographic evolution
276: ⢠Summer (
3294:mythological figures
3015:Ancient Greek tribes
2140:Peloponnesian League
1537:San Pietro di CaridĂ
1487:Roccaforte del Greco
1367:Laureana di Borrello
933:(16). Archived from
890:Perry, Alex (2019).
581:Antimafia Commission
545:of New York and the
543:Gambino crime family
401:and was occupied by
152:Show map of Calabria
3406:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3401:Theatre of Dionysus
3025:Ancient Macedonians
2641:Tyrants of Syracuse
2153:Amphictyonic League
1753:Minoan civilization
1517:San Giorgio Morgeto
972:Il caso Gioia Tauro
869:, December 19, 2006
474:Port of Gioia Tauro
468:Gioia Tauro seaport
177: /
4080:Menestheus's Limin
3734:Pandosia (Lucania)
3622:Greek colonisation
2984:Athenian statesmen
2745:Diogenes of Sinope
2606:Kings of Macedonia
2596:Kings of Commagene
2464:Macedonian phalanx
2444:Hellenistic armies
2192:(c. 424âc. 395 BC)
2056:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1778:Hellenistic Greece
1642:Villa San Giovanni
1427:Motta San Giovanni
1262:Caraffa del Bianco
1007:Francesco Forgione
957:Mafia Brotherhoods
724:2015-09-27 at the
535:illegal arms trade
511:Container Terminal
250: ⢠Total
237: ⢠Total
4568:
4567:
4526:
4525:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4032:Iberian Peninsula
3964:Lipara/Meligounis
3930:
3929:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3581:Cypriot syllabary
3472:
3471:
3381:Athenian Treasury
3365:
3364:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
2626:Ptolemaic dynasty
2586:Archons of Athens
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2412:Athenian military
2393:
2392:
2226:League of Corinth
2208:Thessalian League
2184:Chalcidian League
2166:Acarnanian League
2076:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1659:
1658:
1422:Montebello Ionico
1232:Bruzzano Zeffirio
1096:Media related to
327:
326:
220:Metropolitan city
181:38.433°N 15.900°E
119:Show map of Italy
4608:
4558:
4557:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4472:
4471:
4190:
4189:
3689:Heraclea Lucania
3642:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3614:
3613:
3374:
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3306:Twelve Olympians
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2631:Seleucid dynasty
2611:Kings of Paionia
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2417:Scythian archers
2324:Graphe paranomon
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1773:Classical Greece
1758:Mycenaean Greece
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1432:Oppido Mamertina
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509:. The Medcenter
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3003:
2994:Olympic victors
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2636:Kings of Sparta
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2591:Kings of Athens
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2533:
2429:Army of Macedon
2389:
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2216:(370âc. 230 BC)
2214:Arcadian League
2198:(c. 400â188 BC)
2196:Aetolian League
2190:Boeotian League
2172:Hellenic League
2159:
2146:
2136:(c. 650â404 BC)
2127:
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2104:Doric Hexapolis
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2024:
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1763:Greek Dark Ages
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838:. pp. 8â9.
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3862:Hybla Gereatis
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2672:Mathematicians
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2581:Kings of Argos
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2568:
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2439:Cretan archers
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2426:
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2420:
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2241:
2238:Achaean League
2235:
2232:Euboean League
2229:
2223:
2220:Epirote League
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2168:(c. 500â31 BC)
2163:
2150:
2137:
2131:
2118:
2100:
2098:
2096:Confederations
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2020:Lissus (Crete)
2017:
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1768:Archaic Greece
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1693:Ancient Greece
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1512:San Ferdinando
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1352:Gioiosa Ionica
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1167:Agnana Calabra
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1087:External links
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1038:
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937:on 12 May 2021
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863:Bitter harvest
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620:â ancient poet
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612:Notable people
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472:Main article:
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450:Piromalli clan
430:Southern Italy
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4060:Hemeroscopion
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3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Magna Graecia
3634:
3630:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Arcadocypriot
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3465:
3464:Zeus, Olympia
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:Hera, Olympia
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Mount Olympus
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:Sacred places
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Olympic Games
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Homosexuality
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
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3080:
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3068:
3064:
3057:
3054:
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3049:
3048:
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3040:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
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2956:
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2934:
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2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
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2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
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2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Seleucid army
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
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2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
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2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
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2378:
2377:
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2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
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2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:Delian League
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2154:
2151:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:Ionian League
2132:
2122:
2119:
2115: 560 BC
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:Magna Graecia
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
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1784:
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1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Campo Calabro
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1082:
1081:0-521-31511-5
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:0-19-515724-9
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1004:
1000:
992:
985:
980:
973:
965:
958:
952:
936:
932:
928:
927:
922:
915:
907:
905:9780062655615
901:
897:
893:
886:
880:
875:
868:
864:
859:
851:
845:
837:
830:
816:on 2007-09-27
815:
811:
805:
798:
792:
785:
779:
777:
766:
760:
754:
748:
743:
734:
727:
723:
720:
715:
713:
711:
703:
697:
681:
675:
671:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
585:
582:
577:
574:
570:
569:Mediterranean
566:
562:
557:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
529:arrives from
528:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:transshipment
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
475:
465:
461:
459:
458:New York City
455:
454:homicide rate
451:
447:
443:
438:
435:
431:
421:
419:
414:
412:
411:Magna Graecia
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
376:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
339:
331:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
300:St. Hyppolite
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
273:
269:
265:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
235:
230:
226:
223:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
190:
162:Coordinates:
160:
131:
98:
88:
79:
74:
68:
63:
56:
51:
46:
45:
38:
33:
28:
20:
4355:Dionysopolis
4325:Abonoteichos
4277:Pantikapaion
3867:Hybla Heraea
3203:Architecture
3159:Prostitution
2848:Aristophanes
2707:Philosophers
2677:Philosophers
2509:Spartan army
2240:(280â146 BC)
2228:(338â322 BC)
2222:(370â168 BC)
2210:(374â196 BC)
2204:(378â355 BC)
2186:(430â348 BC)
2180:(478â404 BC)
2174:(499â449 BC)
1861:Peloponnesus
1783:Roman Greece
1542:San Procopio
1346:
1292:Cinquefrondi
1144:
1090:
1070:
1045:
1029:
1019:(in Italian)
1014:
996:(in Italian)
991:
979:
969:(in Italian)
964:
956:
951:
939:. Retrieved
935:the original
930:
924:
914:
891:
885:
874:
867:The Guardian
858:
844:
835:
829:
818:. Retrieved
814:the original
804:
796:
791:
783:
765:
753:
742:
733:
696:
684:. Retrieved
674:
606:
594:city council
591:
578:
558:
555:
524:
513:(Medcenter,
496:
477:
462:
439:
427:
415:
396:
389:
382:
374:
342:
329:
328:
296:Patron saint
4601:Gioia Tauro
4503:Place names
4415:Salmydessus
4237:Kalos Limen
4217:Chersonesus
4207:Borysthenes
3912:Tauromenion
3724:Metapontion
3486:Proto-Greek
3439:Erechtheion
3434:Athena Nike
3396:Philippeion
3225:Mathematics
3196:and science
3079:Agriculture
2943:Stesichorus
2853:Bacchylides
2843:Archilochus
2730:Antisthenes
2720:Anaximander
2692:Seven Sages
2682:Playwrights
2662:Geographers
2657:Astronomers
2484:Pezhetairos
2111: 1100
2091:Federations
1990:Megalopolis
1927:City states
1902:City states
1547:San Roberto
1527:San Lorenzo
1467:Portigliola
1417:Monasterace
1347:Gioia Tauro
1227:Brancaleone
1217:Bova Marina
1098:Gioia Tauro
1005:(Relatore:
852:. Eurostat.
624:Nick Nostro
618:Stesichorus
551:Cosa Nostra
547:'Ndrangheta
442:'Ndrangheta
392:Stesichorus
330:Gioia Tauro
184: /
143:Gioia Tauro
110:Gioia Tauro
73:A2 motorway
23:Gioia Tauro
4575:Categories
4405:Polemonion
4282:Phanagoria
4252:Kimmerikon
4247:Kerkinitis
4232:Hermonassa
4222:Dioscurias
4118:Aspalathos
4065:Kalathousa
4040:Akra Leuke
3969:Phoenicusa
3754:Scylletium
3739:Poseidonia
3659:Brentesion
3546:Pamphylian
3541:Macedonian
3459:Samothrace
3444:Hephaestus
3391:Long Walls
3370:Structures
3311:Underworld
3257:Technology
3220:Literature
3154:Philosophy
3119:Euergetism
3008:By culture
2953:Thucydides
2795:Pythagoras
2790:Protagoras
2780:Parmenides
2765:Heraclitus
2750:Empedocles
2740:Democritus
2725:Anaximenes
2715:Anaxagoras
2667:Historians
2160: 595
2147: 550
2128: 800
2113: â c.
2041:Cappadocia
1846:Ionian Sea
1836:Hellespont
1801:Aegean Sea
1627:Taurianova
1322:Ferruzzano
1312:Delianuova
1177:Antonimina
820:2008-02-06
666:References
424:Modern era
245:Population
4491:in Epirus
4440:Trapezous
4385:Mesambria
4370:Eupatoria
4340:Apollonia
4335:Anchialos
4297:Theodosia
4267:Nymphaion
4257:Myrmekion
4227:Gorgippia
4183:Black Sea
4168:Tragurion
4153:Nymphaion
4138:Epidauros
4133:Epidamnos
4123:Apollonia
4100:Zacynthos
4022:Ptolemais
4016:Apollonia
3989:Cyrenaica
3979:TherassĂa
3974:Strongyle
3954:Ereikousa
3877:Leontinoi
3817:Apollonia
3694:Hipponion
3491:Mycenaean
3454:Parthenon
3386:Lion Gate
3289:Mythology
3252:Sculpture
3215:Astronomy
3149:Pederasty
3124:Festivals
3109:Education
2989:Lawgivers
2958:Timocreon
2938:Sophocles
2933:Simonides
2908:Philocles
2903:Panyassis
2898:Mimnermus
2863:Herodotus
2858:Euripides
2828:Aeschylus
2775:Leucippus
2735:Aristotle
2514:Strategos
2380:Synedrion
2334:Ostracism
2314:Areopagus
2266:Free city
2061:Macedonia
1945:Byzantion
1851:Macedonia
1816:Cyrenaica
1793:Geography
1727:Geography
1637:Varapodio
1482:Rizziconi
1462:Polistena
1452:Placanica
1402:Melicucco
1397:MelicuccĂ
1357:Grotteria
1302:Condofuri
1297:Cittanova
1277:Casignana
1252:Candidoni
1197:Benestare
602:Mammoliti
561:Piromalli
484:container
365:Gibraltar
309:August 13
306:Saint day
259:Time zone
4540:Category
4518:Theatres
4445:Tripolis
4380:Kerasous
4375:Heraclea
4307:Tyritake
4262:Nikonion
4173:Thronion
4095:Salauris
4050:Emporion
4007:Berenice
3997:Balagrae
3949:Euonymos
3922:Tyndaris
3907:Syracuse
3902:Selinous
3872:Kamarina
3827:Casmenae
3812:Akrillai
3729:NeĂĄpolis
3664:Caulonia
3645:Mainland
3576:Linear B
3571:Linear A
3501:Dialects
3478:Language
3272:Religion
3230:Medicine
3164:Religion
3129:Folklore
3114:Emporium
3089:Clothing
3084:Calendar
2968:Xenophon
2963:Tyrtaeus
2948:Theognis
2923:Polybius
2918:Plutarch
2893:Menander
2873:Hipponax
2800:Socrates
2755:Epicurus
2601:Diadochi
2499:Sciritae
2459:Hetairoi
2434:Ballista
2399:Military
2362:Gerousia
2352:Ekklesia
2319:Ecclesia
2301:Athenian
2249:Politics
2162:â279 BC)
2149:â366 BC)
2130:â389 BC)
2066:Pergamon
2036:Bithynia
2029:Kingdoms
1970:Pergamon
1912:Military
1907:Politics
1704:Timeline
1617:Stignano
1607:Sinopoli
1592:Seminara
1532:San Luca
1412:Molochio
1387:Maropati
1362:Laganadi
1307:Cosoleto
1282:Caulonia
1222:Bovalino
1187:Bagaladi
1141:Calabria
959:, p. 218
941:July 26,
799:, p. 186
786:, p. 236
770:127-131.
722:Archived
686:16 March
643:Libeccio
531:Colombia
515:Contship
507:Far East
379:Metauros
334:Italian:
213:Calabria
32:Metauros
4560:Outline
4513:Temples
4450:Zaliche
4430:Thèrmae
4420:Sesamus
4390:Odessos
4365:Cytorus
4360:Cotyora
4110:Illyria
4075:Mainake
4070:Kypsela
3959:Hycesia
3917:Thermae
3897:Segesta
3887:Messana
3842:Helorus
3822:Calacte
3802:Akragas
3764:Sybaris
3749:Rhegion
3704:Krimisa
3654:Alision
3563:Writing
3536:Locrian
3526:Epirote
3496:Homeric
3429:Artemis
3416:Temples
3357:Olympia
3327:Eleusis
3262:Theatre
3247:Pottery
3174:Warfare
3169:Slavery
3104:Economy
3099:Cuisine
3094:Coinage
3071:Society
3056:Culture
3051:Society
2999:Tyrants
2838:Alcaeus
2820:Authors
2770:Hypatia
2760:Gorgias
2697:Writers
2519:Toxotai
2489:Sarissa
2479:Peltast
2474:Phalanx
2454:Hoplite
2449:Hippeis
2372:Macedon
2344:Spartan
2329:Heliaia
2276:Proxeny
1985:Larissa
1980:Kerkyra
1975:Eretria
1965:Miletus
1960:Ephesus
1955:Corinth
1950:Chalcis
1871:Taurica
1741:Periods
1722:History
1602:Siderno
1597:Serrata
1502:Rosarno
1497:Roghudi
1447:Pazzano
1437:Palizzi
1392:Martone
1377:Mammola
1342:Giffone
1332:Galatro
1327:Fiumara
1267:Cardeto
1237:Calanna
1207:Bivongi
1149:of the
1143:·
955:Paoli,
649:Mistral
637:Sirocco
598:'ndrine
527:cocaine
480:seaport
371:History
341:) is a
314:Website
197:Country
172:15°54â˛E
169:38°26â˛N
4550:Portal
4498:People
4486:Cities
4425:Sinope
4410:Rhizos
4400:Phasis
4350:Bathus
4345:Athina
4330:Amisos
4292:Tanais
4287:Pityus
4212:Charax
4163:Pharos
4158:Orikon
4055:Helike
4045:Alonis
4012:Cyrene
3944:Didyme
3857:Himera
3832:Catana
3794:Sicily
3784:Thurii
3779:Terina
3744:Pixous
3699:Hydrus
3674:Croton
3506:Aeolic
3424:Aphaea
3347:Dodona
3332:Delphi
3301:Temple
2977:Others
2928:Sappho
2913:Pindar
2888:Lucian
2883:Ibycus
2868:Hesiod
2805:Thales
2573:Rulers
2552:People
2529:Xyston
2524:Xiphos
2385:Koinon
2291:Tyrant
2281:Stasis
2271:Koinon
2071:Pontus
2046:Epirus
2015:Sparta
2005:Rhodes
2000:Megara
1995:Thebes
1940:Athens
1866:Pontus
1831:Epirus
1821:Cyprus
1806:Aeolis
1612:Staiti
1587:Scilla
1337:Gerace
1287:CiminĂ
1272:Careri
1257:Canolo
1242:Camini
1202:Bianco
1182:Ardore
1162:Africo
1146:Comuni
1079:
1064:Review
1060:Review
1054:
902:
399:Zancle
344:comune
253:20,076
208:Region
44:Comune
4508:Stoae
4476:Lists
4395:Oinòe
4318:coast
4316:South
4302:Tyras
4272:Olbia
4242:Kepoi
4195:coast
4193:North
4186:basin
4128:Aulon
4090:Rhode
4002:Barca
3892:Naxos
3847:Henna
3807:Akrai
3774:Taras
3759:Siris
3719:Medma
3714:Locri
3679:Cumae
3669:Chone
3647:Italy
3553:Koine
3531:Ionic
3521:Doric
3516:Attic
3337:Delos
3235:Music
2878:Homer
2833:Aesop
2785:Plato
2687:Poets
2357:Ephor
2309:Agora
2286:Tagus
2261:Boule
2010:Samos
1935:Argos
1841:Ionia
1826:Doris
1811:Crete
1622:Stilo
1582:Scido
1477:Riace
1457:PlatĂŹ
1442:Palmi
1372:Locri
1172:Anoia
896:68-69
702:Istat
631:Winds
503:Malta
446:Mafia
403:Locri
285:UTC+2
264:UTC+1
201:Italy
27:Griko
4435:Tium
4202:Akra
4143:Issa
3837:Gela
3709:LaĂźs
3684:Elea
3342:Dion
3194:Arts
3184:Wine
2810:Zeno
2407:Wars
1507:Samo
1212:Bova
1077:ISBN
1052:ISBN
943:2023
931:LXVI
900:ISBN
688:2019
592:The
565:Molè
559:The
488:TEUs
478:The
444:, a
440:The
416:The
413:).
361:Suez
357:port
289:CEST
232:Area
227:(RC)
3139:Law
539:FBI
492:TEU
363:to
278:DST
268:CET
4577::
2157:c.
2144:c.
2125:c.
2108:c.
1001:,
929:.
923:.
898:.
865:,
775:^
709:^
494:.
460:.
387:.
29::
4018:)
4014:(
2155:(
2142:(
2123:(
2117:)
2106:(
2093:/
1685:e
1678:t
1671:v
1133:e
1126:t
1119:v
1058:(
945:.
908:.
823:.
704:)
690:.
563:-
409:(
332:(
291:)
287:(
280:)
270:)
266:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
