95:
209:
127:
It launched in
February 2013 and delivered its final report in February 2016. The Commission included senior political figures, business leaders and development specialists, and consulted and collaborated widely with a diverse group of constituencies, including ocean users, governments, scientists,
398:
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing fleets are implicated in acts of terrorism and trafficking of people (including children), drugs and weapons, with working conditions which can amount to forced labour. The
Commission called for all fishing vessels operating on the high seas to be
140:
The Global Ocean
Commission was launched in 2013 in response to concerns that, when it comes to the global ocean: "Governance is woefully inadequate, and on the high seas, anarchy rules the waves." In their founding message, the co-Chairs stated that the Commission is "inspired by the opportunity
141:
that exists for the high seas to play a regenerative role in restoring whole ocean health, and by the potential of a small number of bold proposals to stimulate a cycle of recovery." The high seas constitute 45% of the Earth’s surface and are essential to the health of the planet.
131:
The
Commission published its principal report and recommendations, "From Decline to Recovery: a Rescue Package for the Ocean", in June 2014, and released a follow-up report, "The Future of Our Ocean: Next Steps and Priorities", in February 2016.
336:
The Global Ocean
Commission’s 2014 report outlined a set of practical proposals to address the five drivers of decline, reverse high seas degradation, and improve the system of governance, monitoring and compliance.
106:
was an international initiative between 2013 and 2016 to raise awareness, and promote action to address, the degradation of the ocean and help restore it to full health and productivity. Its focus was on the
395:
Climate change is forcing the migration of some marine life away from their natural grounds, and appears to be reducing the amount of living space for some important fish species.
389:
Approximately half of the world’s fish stocks are fished to their maximum sustainable level, while a further third are fished beyond that level, some to commercial extinction.
144:
Five key "drivers of ocean decline" were identified by the
Commission: rising demand for resources; technological advances; decline of fish stocks; climate change (including
151:
The mandate of the Global Ocean
Commission was to address these issues by formulating "politically and technically feasible short-, medium- and long-term recommendations."
498:
552:
466:
883:
298:- Chairman of the First Eastern Investment Group, Director and Council member of the Hong Kong stock exchange, Chair of the Hong Kong - Europe Business Council
532:
434:
223:
842:
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283:
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and Oceans 5. The
Commission was supported by the Adessium Foundation, Oceans 5, and Pew Charitable Trusts, but was an independent entity.
361:
929:
Stramma, L.; Prince, E. D.; Schmidtko, S.; Luo, J.; Hoolihan, J. P.; Visbeck, M.; Wallace, D. W. R.; Brandt, P.; Körtzinger, A. (2011).
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Global Ocean
Commissioners at launch 2013. From left: David Miliband, Obiageli 'Oby' Ezekwesili, Jose Maria Figueres
529:
345:
850:
972:
718:"Guest Article #42: SDG at Sea, Sustainable Development Policy & Practice, IISD Reporting Services"
46:
94:
623:
274:– Elected Member of the Council for the Ongoing Government for Fakaofo, Tokelau (Deceased, June 2015)
199:(Co-chair) – President and CEO of the International Rescue Committee and former UK Foreign Secretary
184:
112:
415:
783:
226:– President of the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
392:
Overfishing costs the global economy an estimated $ 50bn per year and threatens food security.
446:
253:
931:"Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes"
602:
163:
155:
124:
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8:
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Rijnsdorp, A. D.; Peck, M. A.; Engelhard, G. H.; Mollmann, C.; Pinnegar, J. K. (2009).
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843:"Governments should set 5-year deadline to save oceans from over-fishing -experts"
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The
Commissioners were supported by an International Secretariat consisting of:
292:- Chair of the Center for American Progress (2003–present), Commissioner in 2013
373:
Global Ocean Accountability Board - Monitoring progress towards a healthy ocean
196:
1049:
914:
897:
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784:"Miliband calls for global treaty to halt despoilation of seas, The Times"
370:
Offshore Oil and Gas - Establishing binding safety standards and liability
949:
355:
247:
241:
1038:
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of individual states. The Commission originated as an initiative of the
81:
582:"The high seas are too precious to be left to plunderers and polluters"
271:
265:
958:
884:"The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform"
742:
Lamy, Oby Ezekwesili, José María Figueres and Pascal (October 2015).
108:
810:"Fuel subsidies 'drive fishing industry's plunder of the high seas'"
399:
fitted with mandatory vessel IDs in order to allow for monitoring.
994:"We have banned slavery on land – how about the ocean? | Soapbox"
663:"Ocean rescue plan has urgent five-year deadline to act: report"
385:
According to research examined by the Global Ocean Commission:
895:
304:- Head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1993-2001)
244:– Director-General of the World Trade Organization (2005-2013)
1018:"Transnational Organized Crime in the Fishing Industry, 2011"
973:"Focus on Illegal Fishing: Commission Welcomes Project SCALE"
874:. UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
286:- Co-chairman of the board of BRF Brazil foods from 2009-2011
148:), biodiversity and habitat loss; weak high seas governance.
898:"Resolving the effect of climate change on fish populations"
467:"From Decline to Recovery: A Rescue Package for the Ocean"
928:
220:– Vice President of the World Bank for Africa (2007-2012)
193:(Co-chair) – South Africa Minister of Finance (1996-2009)
504:. Global Ocean Commission. February 2016. Archived from
617:
553:"A Message from the Co-chairs, Global Ocean Commission"
1020:. UN Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
351:
Governing the High Seas - Promoting care and recovery
523:
499:"The Future of Our Ocean: Next Steps and Priorities"
472:. Global Ocean Commission. June 2014. Archived from
98:
Global Ocean Commission meeting New York, July 2013
154:The Commission originated as an initiative of the
327:Inés de Agueda, Communications and Policy Officer
1047:
982:. Global Ocean Commission. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
872:"World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010"
652:. Global Ocean Commission. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
633:. Global Ocean Commission. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
539:. Global Ocean Commission. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
456:. Global Ocean Commission. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
187:(Co-chair) – President of Costa Rica (1994-1998)
380:
128:economists, business leaders and trade unions.
321:Kristian Teleki, Director of Global Engagement
595:"Drivers of Decline, Global Ocean Commission"
238:– Member of the House of Councillors of Japan
232:– Member of the Australian Senate (1981-2006)
767:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
362:Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
324:Justin Woolford, Director of Communications
315:Rémi Parmentier, Deputy Executive Secretary
280:– Minister of Finance of Chile (2006-2010)
262:– Environment Minister of Spain (2004-2008)
256:– Managing Director of the World Bank Group
111:, the vast ocean areas that lie beyond the
991:
807:
435:"New panel to scrutinise ocean governance"
425:. Oxford University. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
957:
913:
1039:Global Ocean Commission official website
367:Plastics - Keeping them out of the ocean
268:– Chairman of the Tata Group (1991-2012)
207:
93:
437:. The Australian. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
376:Creating a High Seas Regeneration Zone.
1048:
250:– Prime Minister of Canada (2003-2006)
992:Ofori-Atta, Prince (20 August 2013).
781:
584:. The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
318:Clare Brennan, Director of Operations
808:Goldenberg, Suzanne (23 June 2014).
741:
688:"Proposals, Global Ocean Commission"
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358:- Ending harmful high seas subsidies
886:. World Bank. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
13:
416:"Global Ocean Commission Launched"
364:- Closing seas, ports and markets.
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14:
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1061:Marine conservation organizations
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312:Simon Reddy, Executive Secretary
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902:ICES Journal of Marine Science
849:. 24 June 2014. Archived from
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692:www.globaloceancommission.org
599:www.globaloceancommission.org
557:www.globaloceancommission.org
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381:Threats facing the high seas
346:Sustainable Development Goal
178:
7:
744:"A Fish Called Development"
22:The Global Ocean Commission
10:
1082:
1066:Somerville College, Oxford
530:"Launch of the Commission"
47:International organization
16:International organization
1056:International commissions
340:The Eight Proposals are:
218:Obiageli ‘Oby’ Ezekwesili
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62:
52:
42:
34:
26:
113:Exclusive Economic Zones
998:www.theafricareport.com
104:Global Ocean Commission
915:10.1093/icesjms/fsp056
447:"About the Commission"
213:
158:, in partnership with
119:, in partnership with
99:
84:.globaloceancommission
938:Nature Climate Change
254:Sri Mulyani Indrawati
211:
97:
950:10.1038/nclimate1304
164:University of Oxford
156:Pew Charitable Trust
125:University of Oxford
117:Pew Charitable Trust
643:"The Commissioners"
185:José María Figueres
168:Adessium Foundation
146:ocean acidification
70:Jose Maria Figueres
23:
978:2013-07-14 at the
648:2013-07-14 at the
629:2013-07-14 at the
535:2013-07-14 at the
452:2013-07-14 at the
421:2013-04-25 at the
214:
160:Somerville College
121:Somerville College
100:
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748:Project Syndicate
667:uk.news.yahoo.com
224:Vladimir Golitsyn
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54:Area served
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908:(7): 1570.
722:sd.iisd.org
356:Overfishing
284:Luiz Furlan
248:Paul Martin
242:Pascal Lamy
230:Robert Hill
1050:Categories
959:10961/1538
404:References
296:Victor Chu
272:Foua Toloa
266:Ratan Tata
136:Background
64:Key people
944:: 33–37.
822:0261-3077
788:The Times
624:"Mandate"
179:Co-chairs
109:high seas
58:Worldwide
35:Dissolved
1003:11 March
976:Archived
857:11 March
827:11 March
793:11 March
763:cite web
753:11 March
727:11 March
702:11 March
672:11 March
646:Archived
627:Archived
609:11 March
567:11 March
533:Archived
515:11 March
483:11 March
450:Archived
419:Archived
354:No More
847:Reuters
162:at the
123:at the
77:Website
27:Founded
820:
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509:(PDF)
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470:(PDF)
1005:2016
859:2016
829:2016
818:ISSN
795:2016
769:link
755:2016
729:2016
704:2016
674:2016
611:2016
569:2016
517:2016
485:2016
102:The
86:.org
43:Type
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954:hdl
946:doi
910:doi
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