1432:
1427:
38:
78:
56:
1464:
755:
1184:
782:
1690:
1454:
770:
257:
Millipedes in this order are small, usually 4 to 8 mm (0.16 to 0.31 in.) long, with the largest reaching 15 mm (0.59 in) in length. These millipedes are somewhat flattened, and unlike other orders of
Pentazonia, are unable to roll into a ball. Glomeridesmidans have
527:"The Milliped order Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda: Pentazonia: Limacomorpha) in Oceania, the East Indies, and southeastern Asia; first records from Palau, the Philippines, Vanuatu, New Britain, the Island of New Guinea, Cambodia, Thailand, and Borneo and Sulawesi, Indonesia"
652:"Les premiers Glomeridesmida découverts dans le département français de Guyane: nouvelles données sur leur ontogenèse et descriptions de nouveaux taxa: Glomeridesmoides n. g., et trois espèces nouvelles, dont une termitophile (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida)"
305:) reports some deviations from the usual pattern, describing females with the usual 21 segments but only 35 leg pairs and two males with the same 21 segments (with 34 and 35 leg pairs, including a pair of telopods). Millipedes in this order develop by
277:
plus the anal shield. Male specimens in this order are rare, unknown for all species in the family
Termitodesmidae, and known for only a small number of species in the family Glomeridesmidae. Descriptions of mature males in at least four species
301:, for example, reports 37 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and the same 21 segments normally found in adult females. Furthermore, the description of a species from another genus (
64:
1597:
335:
1623:
1731:
1571:
607:"The first troglobitic Glomeridesmus from Brazil, and a template for a modern taxonomic description of Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda)"
1610:
786:
720:"Anamorphosis in Millipedes (Diplopoda) — The Present State of Knowledge with Some Developmental and Phylogenetic Considerations"
719:
606:
294:) report 35 leg pairs, including a pair of telopods, and 20 segments, one fewer than the 21 segments found in adult females.
1615:
829:
526:
576:
506:
309:, with leg and segment number decoupled such that individuals may reach the full complement of one before the other.
1662:
1628:
774:
266:. The penultimate pair of legs in males are modified into telopods. In most species, females feature a very long
417:"Description of the first species of Glomeridesmida from Thailand (Diplopoda, Glomeridesmida, Glomeridesmidae)"
1724:
1431:
297:
Some species, however, seem to deviate from the most common body plan. The description of an adult male of
77:
1426:
486:
1537:
1532:
1457:
1447:
677:
1755:
1667:
364:
696:
1523:
822:
46:
1760:
1750:
1717:
1654:
1485:
339:(constituting the family Termitodesmidae) are even more unusual in that they are found only in
317:
Millipedes in this order are typically found in soil or ground litter in forests. Two species (
306:
241:) and at least 35 described species. Glomeridesmida is the only living order of the superorder
485:
Enghoff, Henrik; Golovatch, Sergei; Short, Megan; Stoev, Pavel; Wesener, Thomas (2015-01-01).
1649:
807:
164:
1641:
1602:
1558:
8:
1468:
815:
548:
1705:
735:
447:
181:
72:
1183:
1636:
1545:
760:
629:
605:
Iniesta, Luiz Felipe
Moretti; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes; Wesener, Thomas (2012-11-15).
502:
452:
434:
259:
798:
Discovery of a translucent ancient millipede in a threatened iron-ore cave in Brazil
273:
Most adult females in this order have 36 pairs of legs and 21 segments, counting 20
1550:
1288:
792:
731:
621:
494:
442:
424:
697:"Contribution à la connaissance des Limacomorpha -- Essai de morphologie comparée"
37:
1508:
1316:
1215:
1055:
1013:
982:
238:
234:
222:
205:
197:
684:(in French). 4e sĂ©rie 2(A): 1059–1111 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
651:
1701:
1366:
1306:
1278:
1233:
1228:
1103:
1060:
964:
429:
376:
625:
498:
55:
1744:
1376:
1349:
1331:
1126:
801:
633:
438:
416:
368:
330:
1401:
1339:
1223:
1136:
1045:
1032:
797:
456:
348:
1584:
1517:
1344:
1247:
1154:
1131:
1121:
1098:
1050:
926:
491:
Treatise on
Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2
380:
326:
139:
1354:
1298:
1084:
955:
909:
901:
267:
263:
230:
226:
149:
1589:
754:
415:
Wesener, Thomas; Wongthamwanich, Nattarin; Moritz, Leif (2021-03-16).
1697:
977:
872:
866:
860:
839:
388:
344:
129:
119:
109:
89:
20:
1576:
1479:
1502:
781:
387:, whereas those in the family Termitodesmidae are found in India,
1689:
577:"Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna"
392:
384:
360:
340:
363:
333:
adaptations such as loss of pigment. The five known species of
1093:
854:
769:
274:
99:
837:
1563:
678:"Diplopodes Chilognathes de la Guadeloupe et ses dépendances"
372:
718:
Enghoff, Henrik; Dohle, Wolfgang; Blower, J. Gordon (1993).
414:
484:
659:
Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire naturelle de
Toulouse
604:
750:
707:: 133–167 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
717:
1742:
682:Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
1214:
1725:
823:
347:family known to depend on insects in such a
262:with seven segments but are blind and lack
1732:
1718:
900:
830:
816:
54:
36:
724:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
446:
428:
549:"Slug Millipedes (Order Glomeridesmida)"
675:
649:
574:
524:
1743:
359:Millipedes in this order are found in
1484:
1483:
1199:
885:
811:
245:. Glomeridesmidans are also known as
1684:
1453:
694:
645:
643:
600:
598:
596:
594:
570:
568:
520:
518:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
410:
408:
343:mounds. Termitodesmidae is the only
711:
13:
736:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1993.tb00305.x
14:
1772:
746:
640:
591:
565:
515:
463:
405:
1688:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1430:
1425:
1182:
780:
768:
753:
487:"Diplopoda — taxonomic overview"
76:
793:Photographs of Glomeridesmidans
354:
688:
669:
541:
303:Glomeridesmoides termitophilus
252:
1:
398:
1704:. You can help Knowledge by
581:The Kansas School Naturalist
575:Shelley, Rowland M. (1999).
525:Shelley, Rowland M. (2011).
7:
1200:
676:Mauriès, Jean-Paul (1980).
650:Mauriès, Jean-Paul (2019).
312:
65:Glomeridesmus trinidadensis
10:
1777:
1683:
886:
430:10.3897/zookeys.1024.63678
18:
1492:
1443:
1423:
1394:
1385:
1363:
1330:
1315:
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1275:
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1180:
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1112:
1082:
1073:
1031:
1027:
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994:
963:
954:
925:
896:
892:
881:
849:
626:10.11646/zootaxa.3550.1.2
499:10.1163/9789004188273_017
233:containing two families (
194:
189:
73:Scientific classification
71:
62:
53:
44:
35:
30:
1157:(flat-backed millipedes)
701:Revue suisse de Zoologie
47:Termitodesmus ceylonicus
19:Not to be confused with
985:(giant pill millipedes)
1700:-related article is a
1321:(worm-like millipedes)
1036:(suctorial millipedes)
1018:(worm-like millipedes)
325:), however, are known
319:Glomeridesmus spelaeus
280:Glomeridesmus spelaeus
1650:Paleobiology Database
912:(bristle-millipedes)
838:Orders of the class
800:, research from the
777:at Wikimedia Commons
16:Order of millipedes
229:in the infraclass
1713:
1712:
1678:
1677:
1637:Open Tree of Life
1486:Taxon identifiers
1477:
1476:
1439:
1438:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1323:
1242:
1241:
1234:Microdecemplicida
1191:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1069:
1068:
1038:
1020:
1008:
1007:
986:
970:
968:(pill millipedes)
921:
920:
913:
843:
773:Media related to
761:Arthropods portal
695:Carl, J. (1942).
423:(1024): 137–156.
216:
215:
210:
202:
185:
168:
1768:
1756:Millipede orders
1734:
1727:
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1512:
1511:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1448:List of families
1434:
1429:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1370:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1229:Eoarthropleurida
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1156:
1148:
1115:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1016:
997:
984:
983:Sphaerotheriida
969:
966:
961:
960:
952:
951:
911:
898:
897:
894:
893:
883:
882:
841:
832:
825:
818:
809:
808:
785:Data related to
784:
772:
763:
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739:
715:
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673:
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611:
602:
589:
588:
572:
563:
562:
560:
559:
545:
539:
538:
522:
513:
512:
482:
461:
460:
450:
432:
412:
307:hemianamorphosis
208:
200:
180:
163:
81:
80:
58:
40:
28:
27:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1488:
1478:
1473:
1435:
1405:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1364:
1359:
1320:
1318:
1317:Helminthomorpha
1311:
1293:
1289:Zosterogrammida
1276:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1216:Arthropleuridea
1202:
1187:
1162:
1146:
1141:
1113:
1108:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:Siphonocryptida
1035:
1017:
1015:
1014:Helminthomorpha
1004:
995:
990:
967:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
917:
888:
877:
845:
836:
759:
752:
749:
744:
743:
716:
712:
693:
689:
674:
670:
654:
648:
641:
609:
603:
592:
573:
566:
557:
555:
547:
546:
542:
523:
516:
509:
483:
464:
413:
406:
401:
357:
315:
288:G. arcostriatus
255:
247:slug millipedes
239:Termitodesmidae
235:Glomeridesmidae
209:Silvestri, 1911
206:Termitodesmidae
198:Glomeridesmidae
179:
162:
75:
31:Glomeridesmida
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1761:Myriapod stubs
1758:
1753:
1751:Glomeridesmida
1737:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1693:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1529:
1524:Glomeridesmida
1514:
1498:
1496:
1494:Glomeridesmida
1490:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:incertae sedis
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1355:Palaeosomatida
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1307:Amynilyspedida
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1279:incertae sedis
1270:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:Arthropleurida
1220:
1218:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1104:Spirostreptida
1101:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1061:Siphonophorida
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:Glomeridesmida
1000:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
980:
974:
972:
958:
949:
923:
922:
919:
918:
916:
915:
906:
904:
890:
889:
879:
878:
876:
875:
869:
863:
857:
850:
847:
846:
835:
834:
827:
820:
812:
806:
805:
795:
790:
789:at Wikispecies
787:Glomeridesmida
778:
775:Glomeridesmida
765:
764:
748:
747:External links
745:
742:
741:
730:(2): 103–234.
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462:
403:
402:
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397:
377:Southeast Asia
356:
353:
351:relationship.
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251:
219:Glomeridesmida
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1433:
1428:
1404:(superfamily)
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
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1332:Archipolypoda
1329:
1326:
1324:
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1304:
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1287:
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1185:
1159:
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1144:
1138:
1135:
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1130:
1128:
1127:Chordeumatida
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1033:Colobognatha
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1021:
1011:
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999:
993:
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965:Oniscomorpha
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819:
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803:
802:Museum Koenig
799:
796:
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788:
783:
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771:
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766:
762:
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737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
714:
706:
703:(in French).
702:
698:
691:
683:
679:
672:
664:
661:(in French).
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531:Insecta Mundi
528:
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508:9789004188273
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369:South America
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336:Termitodesmus
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331:troglomorphic
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111:
108:
105:
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101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
74:
70:
67:
66:
61:
57:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
1706:expanding it
1695:
1680:
1493:
1402:Xyloiuloidea
1377:Pleurojulida
1365:
1350:Euphoberiida
1345:Cowiedesmida
1340:Archidesmida
1277:
1155:Polydesmida
1132:Siphoniulida
1046:Platydesmida
1001:
996:Limacomorpha
859:Superphylum
842:(millipedes)
727:
723:
713:
704:
700:
690:
681:
671:
662:
658:
620:(1): 26–42.
617:
613:
584:
580:
556:. Retrieved
552:
543:
534:
530:
490:
420:
358:
355:Distribution
334:
329:and exhibit
323:G. sbordonii
322:
318:
316:
302:
298:
296:
292:G. marmoreus
291:
287:
284:G. siamensis
283:
279:
272:
256:
246:
243:Limacomorpha
242:
218:
217:
201:Latzel, 1884
184:, 1895
176:
167:, 1894
160:Limacomorpha
159:
156:Superorder:
146:Infraclass:
63:
45:
25:
1585:iNaturalist
1518:Wikispecies
1137:Stemmiulida
1122:Callipodida
1114:Nematophora
1099:Spirobolida
1051:Polyzoniida
910:Polyxenida
902:Penicillata
553:iNaturalist
493:: 363–453.
381:East Indies
253:Description
140:Chilognatha
116:Subphylum:
1745:Categories
1469:Millipedes
1396:Juliformia
1299:Pentazonia
1085:Juliformia
956:Pentazonia
871:Subphylum
867:Arthropoda
840:Diplopoda
587:(3): 1–16.
558:2024-07-31
399:References
268:ovipositor
231:Pentazonia
227:millipedes
150:Pentazonia
136:Subclass:
110:Arthropoda
1698:myriapoda
1509:Q18228570
1458:Diplopoda
1147:Merocheta
978:Glomerida
873:Myriapoda
861:Ecdysozoa
634:1175-5334
439:1313-2970
389:Sri Lanka
349:commensal
264:ommatidia
190:Families
130:Diplopoda
120:Myriapoda
96:Kingdom:
90:Eukaryota
21:Glomerida
1503:Wikidata
1387:Eugnatha
1075:Eugnatha
855:Animalia
853:Kingdom
665:: 47–64.
457:33786005
361:tropical
345:myriapod
313:Habitats
299:G. indus
275:tergites
260:antennae
106:Phylum:
100:Animalia
86:Domain:
1201:Extinct
865:Phylum
614:Zootaxa
537:: 1–11.
448:7987703
421:ZooKeys
393:Vietnam
385:Oceania
341:termite
173:Order:
126:Class:
1668:887896
1655:304893
1642:317351
1629:245716
1616:568961
1590:153144
1538:532150
1467:
1094:Julida
887:Living
632:
505:
455:
445:
437:
391:, and
379:, the
365:Middle
290:, and
221:is an
165:Pocock
1696:This
1663:WoRMS
1603:10801
1598:IRMNG
1551:7NFBC
655:(PDF)
610:(PDF)
373:India
223:order
1702:stub
1624:NCBI
1611:ITIS
1577:1246
1572:GBIF
1564:6451
1533:BOLD
630:ISSN
618:3550
503:ISBN
453:PMID
435:ISSN
383:and
367:and
321:and
237:and
182:Cook
1559:EoL
1546:CoL
732:doi
728:109
663:155
622:doi
535:196
495:doi
443:PMC
425:doi
225:of
1747::
1665::
1652::
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1626::
1613::
1600::
1587::
1574::
1561::
1548::
1535::
1520::
1505::
726:.
722:.
705:49
699:.
680:.
657:.
642:^
628:.
616:.
612:.
593:^
585:45
583:.
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567:^
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517:^
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489:.
465:^
451:.
441:.
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375:,
371:,
286:,
282:,
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249:.
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1258:g
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624::
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497::
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427::
278:(
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