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Glossary of algebraic geometry

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algebraic geometry changed abruptly. ... The style of thinking that was fully developed in algebraic geometry at that time was too far removed from the set-theoretical and axiomatic spirit, which then determined the development of mathematics. ... Around the middle of the present century algebraic geometry had undergone to a large extent such a reshaping process. As a result, it can again lay claim to the position it once occupied in mathematics.
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objects form "nice" families. Once a good concept of "nice families" is established, the existence of a coarse moduli space should be nearly automatic. The coarse moduli space is not the fundamental object any longer, rather it is only a convenient way to keep track of certain information that is only latent in the moduli functor or moduli stack.
9304:, define immersions as the composite of an open immersion followed by a closed immersion. These immersions are immersions in the sense above, but the converse is false. Furthermore, under this definition, the composite of two immersions is not necessarily an immersion. However, the two definitions are equivalent when 9896:(see below for the definition). Any affine scheme is separated, therefore any scheme is locally separated. However, the affine pieces may glue together pathologically to yield a non-separated scheme. The following is a (non-exhaustive) list of local properties of rings, which are applied to schemes. Let 10316:
While much of the early work on moduli, especially since , put the emphasis on the construction of fine or coarse moduli spaces, recently the emphasis shifted towards the study of the families of varieties, that is towards moduli functors and moduli stacks. The main task is to understand what kind of
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Algebraic geometry occupied a central place in the mathematics of the last century. The deepest results of Abel, Riemann, Weierstrass, many of the most important papers of Klein and Poincare belong to this domain. At the end of the last and the beginning of the present century the attitude towards
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On Grothendieck's own view there should be almost no history of schemes, but only a history of the resistance to them: ... There is no serious historical question of how Grothendieck found his definition of schemes. It was in the air. Serre has well said that no one invented schemes (conversation
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or even some constructive process. In algebraic geometry one distinguishes between discrete and continuous invariants. For continuous classifying invariants one additionally attempts to provide some geometric structure which leads to
15862: 15080: 5072:, by definition the maximal length of a chain of irreducible closed subschemes, is a global property. It can be seen locally if a scheme is irreducible. It depends only on the topology, not on the structure sheaf. See also 15953: 8146: 10966: 19006: 19146: 9884:. The fact that localizations of a Noetherian ring are still noetherian then means that the property of a scheme of being locally Noetherian is local in the above sense (whence the name). Another example: if a ring is 2314: 9294: 559: 432: 16793: 5604: 12105: 17807: 5322: 11171: 11047: 4906: 13986: 696: 8523: 5201: 3852:, if all chains between two irreducible closed subschemes have the same length. Examples include virtually everything, e.g. varieties over a field, and it is hard to construct examples that are not catenary. 18376: 14067: 6600: 5832: 2805: 15439: 18860: 3306: 12370: 6539: 18802: 15625: 11443: 17484: 16361: 3603: 2961: 7724: 2111: 14676: 13573: 11772: 6452: 3451: 4417: 8751: 6704: 5809: 13641: 5246: 8852: 8365: 8294: 4675: 16911: 6186: 3761: 18209: 16986: 4994: 4432:. The reason the definition of closed subschemes relies on such a construction is that, unlike open subsets, a closed subset of a scheme does not have a unique structure as a subscheme. 3252: 3163:
between schemes is a morphism that becomes an isomorphism after restricted to some open dense subset. One of the most common examples of a birational map is the map induced by a blowup.
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as a base, though, or even more general bases. Connected, irreducible, reduced, integral, normal, regular, Cohen-Macaulay, locally noetherian, dimension, catenary, Gorenstein.
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is a guiding principle in all of mathematics where one tries to describe all objects satisfying certain properties up to given equivalences by more accessible data such as
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which are themselves semisimple groups with additional properties. Since all simple groups are reductive, a split simple group is a simple group that is split-reductive.
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attaches invariants to a singularity which classify them. (b) For curves and surfaces resolution is known in any characteristic which also yields a classification. See
18245: 15700: 13023: 12177: 10405: 8742: 8449: 7958: 6098: 4805: 4625: 3909: 18328: 17941: 17908: 5504: 4117: 19343: 15288: 14780: 14754: 13286: 13053: 10739: 8255: 7292: 780: 17511: 15156: 12397: 11960: 10654:> 0. One thus says that "a curve is projectively normal if the linear system that embeds it is complete." The term "linearly normal" is synonymous with 1-normal. 9918: 9809: 6259: 5031: 4949: 3637: 3539: 3353: 238: 14936: 5058: 3326: 15165: 12495: 8174: 4083: 4020: 8675: 19277: 19257: 19227: 18924: 18904: 18057: 18004: 17984: 17961: 17827: 17723: 17703: 17665: 17615: 17595: 17531: 17441: 17379: 17251: 17231: 17208: 17188: 17168: 17148: 17101: 17081: 17061: 17041: 16471: 16451: 16427: 16128: 14477: 14373: 14353: 14319: 14161: 14095: 13478: 13428: 13408: 12971:(i.e. such that fiber products with it are closed maps), and of finite type. Projective morphisms are proper; but the converse is not in general true. See also 12799: 12745: 12725: 12612: 12588: 11992: 11930: 11906: 11874: 11843: 11792: 11728: 11675: 11648: 11628: 11608: 11588: 11568: 11545: 11521: 11487: 10176: 10156: 10042: 7586: 7544: 7240: 7220: 7106: 7068: 7048: 6934: 6884: 6864: 6750: 6666: 5741: 5721: 3994: 2131: 9392:
scheme structure is meant, that is, the scheme structure corresponding to the unique radical ideal consisting of all functions vanishing on that closed subset.
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is an approach to birational classification of complete smooth varieties in higher dimension (at least 2). While the original goal is about smooth varieties,
15729: 6890:. Finite morphisms are quasi-finite, but not all morphisms having finite fibers are quasi-finite, and morphisms of finite type are usually not quasi-finite. 4297: 4190: 14961: 9308:
is quasi-compact. Note that an open immersion is completely described by its image in the sense of topological spaces, while a closed immersion is not:
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1995). The question is, what made Grothendieck believe he should use this definition to simplify an 80 page paper by Serre into some 1000 pages of
12981:, namely the existence of an intermediate scheme such that a morphism can be expressed as one with connected fibres, followed by a finite morphism. 10889: 18929: 20391: 19081: 2235: 47: 13480:. Any quasi-split reductive group is a split-reductive reductive group, but there are quasi-split reductive groups that are not split-reductive. 11069:
for simple normal crossing. Refers to several closely related notions such as nc divisor, nc singularity, snc divisor, and snc singularity. See
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3.  Some authors call a normal variety Gorenstein if the canonical divisor is Cartier; note this usage is inconsistent with meaning 1.
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play an important role. There is a close connection between linear Lie groups, their associated Lie algebras and linear algebraic groups over
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is another name for a smooth normal crossing divisor, i.e. a divisor that has only smooth normal crossing singularities. They appear in
9541:.) Any noetherian scheme can be written uniquely as the union of finitely many maximal irreducible non-empty closed subsets, called its 5952:{\displaystyle 0\to {\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf {P} ^{n}}\to {\mathcal {O}}_{\mathbf {P} ^{n}}(1)^{\oplus (n+1)}\to T\mathbf {P} ^{n}\to 0,} 3175:
is a birational transformation that replaces a closed subscheme with an effective Cartier divisor. Precisely, given a noetherian scheme
619: 20406: 20372: 15541:{\displaystyle \operatorname {ch} (\pi _{!}E)\cdot \operatorname {td} (S)=\pi _{*}(\operatorname {ch} (E)\cdot \operatorname {td} (X))} 8454: 5111: 18337: 15382: 12993:
be a property of a scheme that is stable under base change (finite-type, proper, smooth, étale, etc.). Then a representable morphism
4148: 2771: 17: 16553:. There are many different characterisations of smoothness. The following are equivalent definitions of smoothness of the morphism 20396: 18811: 13922: 11995: 9388:
is not a radical ideal. When specifying a closed subset of a scheme without mentioning the scheme structure, usually the so-called
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Peña, Javier López; Lorscheid, Oliver (2009-08-31). "Mapping F_1-land:An overview of geometries over the field with one element".
18564: 13991: 6544: 4182: 3970: 20411: 16526: 16478: 15972: 13652: 13121: 9828:. It is usually the case that it is enough to check one cover, not all possible ones. One also says that a certain property is 4174: 3959: 12295: 20347: 19976: 18753: 15551: 11392: 9457:. For locally Noetherian schemes, to be integral is equivalent to being a connected scheme that is covered by the spectra of 5394:
is a scheme admitting an ample family of invertible sheaves. A scheme admitting an ample invertible sheaf is a basic example.
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For simplicity, a reference to the base scheme is often omitted; i.e., a scheme will be a scheme over some fixed base scheme
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of two integral schemes is not integral. However, for irreducible schemes, it is a local property.) For example, the scheme
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A separated scheme of finite type over a field. For example, an algebraic variety is a reduced irreducible algebraic scheme.
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The notion G-unramified is what is called "unramified" in EGA, but we follow Raynaud's definition of "unramified", so that
17450: 16309: 15968: 4569: 3663: 3548: 2895: 4215: 10211:, the converse is false. For example, most schemes in finite-dimensional algebraic geometry are locally Noetherian, but 7668: 5328: 4167: 2067: 587: 20436: 20378: 16496: 16380: 15082:. Nowadays, the formula is viewed as a consequence of the more general formula (which is valid even if π is not tame): 14638: 13534: 11737: 8085: 3710: 3034: 6406: 4147:(in particular number and structure of its rational points) is governed by the classification of the associated curve 3401: 1607: 16515: 7810: 5069: 4921: 4353: 6674: 6484: 5750: 2482:
if the preimage of any open affine subset is again affine. In more fancy terms, affine morphisms are defined by the
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A morphism has some property universally if all base changes of the morphism have this property. Examples include
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is an algebraic space. If "algebraic space" is replaced by "scheme", then it is said to be strongly representable.
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notions, i.e. conditions on morphisms rather than conditions on schemes themselves. The category of schemes has a
4630: 16876: 10358: 6111: 4186: 4178: 3720: 3030: 35: 18173: 16936: 4958: 3216: 20296:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: IV. Étude locale des schémas et des morphismes de schémas, Quatrième partie" 20254:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: IV. Étude locale des schémas et des morphismes de schémas, Troisième partie" 19950: 18560: 17319: 16221: 16171: 16108: 15085: 13720: 12429: 11222:(and similarly for closed). For example, finitely presented flat morphisms are open and proper maps are closed. 10660: 10552: 9296:
is surjective. A composition of immersions is again an immersion. Some authors, such as Hartshorne in his book
4510: 4132: 20170:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: IV. Étude locale des schémas et des morphismes de schémas, Première partie" 16045: 14382: 14166: 10214: 9345: 9311: 8370: 8299: 5703:
if it is flat and unramified. There are several other equivalent definitions. In the case of smooth varieties
4197: 2684: 2620: 20339: 20212:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: IV. Étude locale des schémas et des morphismes de schémas, Seconde partie" 19035: 11240: 10595: 10072: 9599: 7136: 6964: 6780: 2999: 2191: 1679: 1628: 1555: 1201: 18503: 8877: 7867: 3974: 3328:
is universal with respect to (1). Concretely, it is constructed as the relative Proj of the Rees algebra of
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is a closed immersion if, and only if, it induces a homeomorphism from the underlying topological space of
8949: 7409: 7365: 1850: 1838:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (V)=\operatorname {Proj} (k)=\operatorname {Proj} (\operatorname {Sym} (V^{*}))} 1328: 1244: 1157: 1095: 1000: 957: 280: 19306: 19175: 15967:
A heuristic term, roughly equivalent to "killing automorphisms". For example, one might say "we introduce
14574: 14201: 12750: 4306: 2330: 825: 20441: 18556: 17668: 16530: 16511: 15654: 15630: 14943: 14828: 11680: 9983: 9967: 9413: 7547: 4231: 4140: 18718: 16136: 13062: 12655: 12240: 12182: 10414: 4264: 4152: 3776: 2761:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} \mathbb {C} \times _{\mathbb {R} }\operatorname {Spec} \mathbb {C} } 1368: 870: 447: 324: 19441: 17260: 14430: 14104: 13657: 9947: 8057: 7403: 6320: 6278: 6199: 5352: 3966: 3944: 3026: 18620: 16260: 16131: 12930:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (E)=\mathbf {Proj} (\operatorname {Sym} _{{\mathcal {O}}_{X}}(E^{\vee })).} 12017: 9419: 6028: 4033: 2136: 20334: 20086:"Eléments de géométrie algébrique: III. Étude cohomologique des faisceaux cohérents, Première partie" 19550: 19437: 19282: 19151: 19011: 18552: 18458: 17292: 17106: 15872: 14482: 11797: 11293: 10346: 10116: 10047: 9995: 9699: 8944: 8603: 7729: 7180: 7111: 7008: 6939: 6824: 6755: 5475: 5340: 3467: 3011: 2844: 1520: 1484: 1441: 1406: 1140: 1040: 952: 275: 20373:
https://web.archive.org/web/20121108104319/http://math.berkeley.edu/~anton/written/Stacks/Stacks.pdf
20128:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: III. Étude cohomologique des faisceaux cohérents, Seconde partie" 19873:
Harada, Megumi; Krepski, Derek (2013-02-02). "Global quotients among toric Deligne-Mumford stacks".
18072: 17254: 15326: 14681: 12686: 12631: 12271: 12213: 4128: 3144:{\displaystyle \displaystyle \limsup _{l\to \infty }\operatorname {dim} \Gamma (X,L^{l})/l^{n}>0} 20044:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: II. Étude globale élémentaire de quelques classes de morphismes" 18450: 17832: 16802: 16665: 15703: 15312: 15255: 14789: 13303: 10543: 8987: 6287: 1044: 948: 794: 18100: 18016: 17624: 13851:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} ^{1}\to \mathbf {P} ^{d},\,(s:t)\mapsto (s^{d}:s^{d-1}t:\cdots :t^{d})} 13437: 9514:
when (as a topological space) it is not the union of two closed subsets except if one is equal to
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picks up where the EGA left off. Today it is one of the standard references in algebraic geometry.
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are isomorphism classes of curves with extra structure, say, then a universal object is called a
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is affine or more generally if it is quasi-compact, separated and admits an ample sheaf, e.g. if
10460: 9644: 8049:{\displaystyle \dim \Gamma (X,\Omega _{X}^{n})=\dim \operatorname {H} ^{n}(X,{\mathcal {O}}_{X})} 2394: 43: 16632: 14238: 10879: 3182: 1471: 20446: 20287: 20245: 20203: 20161: 20119: 20077: 20035: 19993: 19434: 19426:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X,f(y)}/{\mathfrak {m}}\to {\mathcal {O}}_{Y,y}/{\mathfrak {n}}} 18136: 18063: 16522: 16100: 14333: 13885: 13879: 13199: 13124: 13110: 10852:{\displaystyle (I/I^{2})^{*}={\mathcal {H}}om_{{\mathcal {O}}_{Y}}(I/I^{2},{\mathcal {O}}_{Y})} 9871: 9742: 9477: 8867: 7935:
is the degree of the curve and δ is the number of nodes (which is zero if the curve is smooth).
7591: 7551: 5077: 3940: 3849: 2560: 598: 18218: 15678: 12996: 12150: 12115:, to all schemes of the fiber product operation a significant (if technically anodyne) result. 10378: 8688: 8422: 7466:
is locally of finite presentation if, and only if, it is locally of finite type. The morphism
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Smith, Karen E.; Zhang, Wenliang (2014-09-03). "Frobenius Splitting in Commutative Algebra".
18875: 18438: 18300: 17913: 17880: 14715: 13732: 13290: 11933: 10338: 9656: 9542: 7814: 7515: 7296: 5489: 4703: 4514: 4208: 4204: 4096: 3375: 15245:{\displaystyle R=\sum _{P\in X}\operatorname {length} _{{\mathcal {O}}_{P}}(\Omega _{X/Y})P} 14759: 14733: 13265: 13032: 12563:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} _{X}^{n}:=\mathbb {P} ^{n}\times _{\mathrm {Spec} \mathbb {Z} }X} 8226: 7271: 1198:
under the natural group homomorphism from the group of Cartier divisors to the Picard group
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is a normal variety with the action of a torus such that the torus has an open dense orbit.
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A sheaf with a set of global sections that span the stalk of the sheaf at every point. See
16015: 16011: 15726:, then the left-hand side reduces to the Euler characteristic while the right-hand side is 15316: 15141: 12375: 11938: 11490: 11370: 10369: 9963: 9903: 9794: 9510: 8621:
is the free abelian group generated by isomorphism classes of varieties with the relation:
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was an incomplete attempt to lay a foundation of algebraic geometry based on the notion of
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Brandenburg, Martin (2014-10-07). "Tensor categorical foundations of algebraic geometry".
14921: 11362: 10289:(the linked article does not discuss a loop group in algebraic geometry; for now see also 5043: 3311: 8: 19231: 18709: 18159: 14836: 12977: 11963: 11849: 11731: 10643: 10365: 9931: 9711: 8925: 8771: 8209: 8151: 7588:, the geometric meaning of flatness could roughly be described by saying that the fibers 5744: 4441: 4062: 3999: 3160: 2590: 19239:) if it is locally of finite type (resp. locally of finite presentation) and if for all 11458: 10323: 8624: 5816: 19874: 19778: 19733: 19700: 19679: 19658: 19637: 19262: 19242: 19212: 18909: 18889: 18042: 17989: 17969: 17946: 17812: 17730: 17708: 17688: 17650: 17600: 17580: 17516: 17426: 17364: 17236: 17216: 17193: 17173: 17153: 17133: 17086: 17066: 17046: 17026: 16456: 16436: 16412: 16406: 16113: 15159: 14955: 14531: 14462: 14358: 14338: 14304: 14146: 14080: 13463: 13413: 13393: 12784: 12730: 12710: 12597: 12573: 12485: 12408: 12235: 12144: 11977: 11915: 11891: 11859: 11828: 11777: 11713: 11660: 11633: 11613: 11593: 11573: 11553: 11530: 11506: 11472: 11090: 10161: 10141: 10027: 9046: 8798: 8185: 7571: 7529: 7225: 7205: 7091: 7053: 7033: 6919: 6869: 6849: 6735: 6651: 6019: 6003: 5726: 5706: 5089: 3979: 3504:. If the base field has characteristic zero instead of normality, then one may replace 2820: 2566: 2556: 2544: 2497: 2229: 2116: 2038: 20295: 20253: 20211: 15857:{\displaystyle \pi _{*}(e^{c_{1}(L)}(1-c_{1}(T^{*}X)/2))=\operatorname {deg} (L)-g+1.} 9518:. Using the correspondence of prime ideals and points in an affine scheme, this means 20363: 20343: 19972: 18599: 18419: 18066: 16997: 15999: 14604: 13431: 12818: 12415: 12132: 11909: 11822: 11498: 11315: 10868: 10203: 9951: 9876: 9870:
is local in the above sense, iff the corresponding property of rings is stable under
9753: 9668: 8533: 5418: 5391: 5037: 4235: 4227: 4159: 3667: 3609: 2869: 2832: 2674: 2432: 1846: 247:. For example, the point associated to the zero ideal for any integral affine scheme. 20291: 20249: 20207: 20165: 20123: 20081: 20039: 19997: 19510:
a scheme is weakly normal if any finite birational morphism to it is an isomorphism.
9837: 5812: 5700: 20416: 20329: 20309: 20267: 20225: 20183: 20141: 20099: 20057: 20015: 19962: 19930: 19531: 18705: 18673: 16483: 16088: 16023: 15876: 15075:{\displaystyle 2g(X)-2=\operatorname {deg} (\pi )(2g(Y)-2)+\sum _{y\in Y}(e_{y}-1)} 14942:(no wild ramification), for example, over a field of characteristic zero, then the 14620: 14569: 13528: 13520: 13163: 12972: 12490: 11971: 11853: 11366: 11070: 10342: 9852: 9833: 9672: 9586: 9550: 9538: 9209: 8755: 5666: 5463: 5364: 5348: 5085: 5073: 4816: 4593: 4545: 4023: 3956: 3007: 2881: 1739: 20169: 20127: 20085: 7864:
for a nodal curve in the projective plane says the genus of the curve is given as
7494:) if it is locally of finite presentation, quasi-compact, and quasi-separated. If 4454: 20353: 20317: 20275: 20233: 20191: 20149: 20107: 20065: 20043: 20023: 20001: 19982: 19958: 18611: 18415: 17679: 17575: 17021: 16544: 15648: 14939: 14515: 14376: 14330: 14101:
if it has no nonzero nilpotent elements, i.e., its nilradical is the zero ideal,
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elements), then so are its localizations. An example for a non-local property is
9881: 9458: 9167:) endowed with the structure of reduced closed subscheme. But in general, unless 8537: 7944: 6887: 5619: 5483: 4505: 4492: 4425: 4293: 4086: 3962: 3924: 3679: 3651: 3512: 3387: 3050: 2983:
0-dimensional and Noetherian. The definition applies both to a scheme and a ring.
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is a property that is automatic or more common over algebraically closed fields
5747:, étale morphisms are precisely those inducing an isomorphism of tangent spaces 20421: 19657:
Deitmar, Anton (2006-05-16). "Remarks on zeta functions and K-theory over F1".
18662: 18011: 17682: 16855: 16215: 16019: 15948:{\displaystyle \operatorname {H} ^{1}(\mathbf {P} ^{n},T_{\mathbf {P} ^{n}})=0} 14628: 14527: 13591: 13524: 13501: 11350: 10525: 9971: 9594: 9462: 8141:{\displaystyle X_{E}=X\times _{\operatorname {Spec} k}{\operatorname {Spec} E}} 5970: 5662: 4467: 4301: 3643: 2470: 2459: 2166: 1967: 734: 19967: 12469:
3.  Projective morphisms are defined similarly to affine morphisms:
10546:. For example, all regular schemes are normal, while singular curves are not. 9537:. (Rings possessing exactly one minimal prime ideal are therefore also called 20430: 18587: 18576: 16843: 16430: 16035: 14875: 14535: 13863: 13233: 12108: 12007: 12003: 11877: 10961:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} _{X}(\oplus _{0}^{\infty }I^{n}/I^{n+1})} 10872: 10701: 10538: 10274: 9856: 9730: 8408: 7861: 7636: 6189: 5966: 5344: 5081: 5004: 4997: 4764: 4518: 3949: 2610: 2501: 2466: 1993: 1289: 244: 19001:{\displaystyle f^{\#}\colon {\mathcal {O}}_{X,f(y)}\to {\mathcal {O}}_{Y,y}} 11885: 9203:
are maps that factor through isomorphisms with subschemes. Specifically, an
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over algebraically closed fields up to isomorphism. (a) In characteristic 0
19934: 19678:
Flores, Jaret (2015-03-08). "Homological Algebra for Commutative Monoids".
19141:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {n}}=f^{\#}({\mathfrak {m}}){\mathcal {O}}_{Y,y}} 18135:
is a curve with some "mild" singularity, used to construct a good-behaving
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be a covering of a scheme by open affine subschemes. For definiteness, let
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amounts to defining the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on it. See also
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is roughly a vector space where one has forgotten which point is the origin
2452: 2309:{\displaystyle \omega _{D}=(\omega _{X}\otimes {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D))|_{D}} 1282: 786: 602: 20367: 16507:
1.  The term "simple point" is an old term for a "smooth point".
10708:
is an integrally closed domain. This meaning is consistent with that of 2.
5982: 18059:
that is split in the sense of connected solvable linear algebraic groups.
14719: 13489: 12833: 12615: 11994:-valued points were a massive further step. As part of the predominating 9534: 9289:{\displaystyle f^{\sharp }:{\mathcal {O}}_{X}\to f_{*}{\mathcal {O}}_{Y}} 9115:
always contains (but is not necessarily equal to) the Zariski closure of
8212:
that is locally nonempty and in which two objects are locally isomorphic.
2547:
is a branch of mathematics that studies solutions to algebraic equations.
2512: 2483: 1725: 554:{\displaystyle F(D)=F\otimes _{{\mathcal {O}}_{X}}{\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D).} 427:{\displaystyle F(n)=F\otimes _{{\mathcal {O}}_{X}}{\mathcal {O}}_{X}(n).} 16788:{\displaystyle X_{\bar {y}}:=X\times _{Y}\mathrm {Spec} (k({\bar {y}}))} 15381:
2.  The general version is due to Grothendieck and called the
5599:{\displaystyle H^{n-i}(X,F^{\vee }\otimes \omega )\simeq H^{i}(X,F)^{*}} 3915:
is the free abelian group generated by closed subvarieties of dimension
3308:
is an effective Cartier divisor, called the exceptional divisor and (2)
2519:
of a projective space is the Spec of the homogeneous coordinate ring of
20313: 20271: 20229: 20187: 20145: 20103: 20061: 20019: 19480: 18256: 16629:
is flat, locally of finite presentation, and for every geometric point
15672: 15434: 15370:. For example, the formula implies the degree of the canonical divisor 12100:{\displaystyle S^{\prime }\times _{S}{\textrm {Spec}}({\overline {K}})} 11386: 10290: 10286: 9401: 5631: 4533: 4027: 3873: 3172: 2064:
is a complete group variety. For example, consider the complex variety
17802:{\displaystyle B=B_{0}\supset B_{1}\supset \ldots \supset B_{t}=\{1\}} 14235:
are reduced rings. Equivalently X is reduced if, for each open subset
13492:
parametrizes quotients of locally free sheaves on a projective scheme.
9376:
may be homeomorphic but not isomorphic. This happens, for example, if
9213:
factors through an isomorphism with a closed subscheme. Equivalently,
9099:
This notion is distinct from that of the usual set-theoretic image of
5965:
is the projective space over a field and the last nonzero term is the
5317:{\displaystyle f_{*}(x)\in A_{0}(\operatorname {Spec} k)=\mathbb {Z} } 4162:
over an algebraically closed field up to rational equivalence. See an
64: 19663: 17008:
connected reductive) with an open dense orbit by a Borel subgroup of
9889: 8870:(of fixed genus) is roughly a vector bundle whose fiber over a curve 5431: 4253:
are defined to be those occurring in the following construction. Let
2549: 16084:
is the standard Borel; i.e., the group of upper triangular matrices.
12489:
if it factors as a closed immersion followed by the projection of a
11166:{\displaystyle \Gamma (X,L)^{\otimes n}\to \Gamma (X,L^{\otimes n})} 11042:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} _{X}({\mathcal {S}}ym(I/I^{2}))} 10197:
rings. If in addition a finite number of such affine spectra covers
19684: 19642: 16474: 16384: 11848:
Geometric points are what in the most classical cases, for example
11289: 11211: 9934:
in the following. Most of the examples also work with the integers
9566: 7818: 4901:{\displaystyle X_{k}(f)=\{x\in X|\operatorname {rk} (f(x))\leq k\}} 4581: 19879: 19783: 19738: 19705: 19699:
Durov, Nikolai (2007-04-16). "New Approach to Arakelov Geometry".
19636:
Alain, Connes (2015-09-18). "An essay on the Riemann Hypothesis".
19518:
Another but more standard term for a "codimension-one cycle"; see
8607: 5819:, which is nowadays one of the cornerstones of algebraic geometry. 2571: 691:{\displaystyle |D|=\mathbf {P} (\Gamma (X,{\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D)))} 15675:
of the tangent bundle of a space, and, over the complex numbers,
11881: 8518:{\displaystyle (f_{*}{\mathcal {O}}_{X})^{G}={\mathcal {O}}_{Y}.} 6606:
commute; rather, it commutes up to natural isomorphism; i.e., it
5196:{\displaystyle \chi (L^{\otimes m})={d \over n!}m^{n}+O(m^{n-1})} 18371:{\displaystyle {\widetilde {Y}}\hookrightarrow {\widetilde {X}}} 18123:
has similar meanings for Lie theory and linear algebraic groups.
13711:
where the limit runs over all coordinates rings of open subsets
9461:. (Strictly speaking, this is not a local property, because the 7502:
is of finite presentation if, and only if, it is of finite type.
16662:(a morphism from the spectrum of an algebraically closed field 13519:
1.  Over an algebraically closed field, a variety is
12941:) but differs from EGA and Hartshorne (they don't take a dual). 12399:
is linear with respect to the action of locally free sheaves.)
10207:. While it is true that the spectrum of a noetherian ring is a 3701:
and whose ideal sheaf is invertible (locally free of rank one).
2800:{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} \otimes _{\mathbb {R} }\mathbb {C} } 2534:
From the preface to I.R. Shafarevich, Basic Algebraic Geometry.
16518:
as well as in stabilization for compactifying moduli problems.
11974:) to simplify the geometry by refining the basic objects. The 9647:
concerns the vanishing of higher cohomology of a flag variety.
3670:
of a canonical ring (assuming the ring is finitely generated.)
2649:. An irreducible algebraic set is called an algebraic variety. 2593:
in such a way the group operations are morphisms of varieties.
1618:(roughly differential forms with simple poles along a divisor 20002:"Éléments de géométrie algébrique: I. Le langage des schémas" 18855:{\displaystyle \pi :{\mathcal {C}}_{g}\to {\mathcal {M}}_{g}} 13981:{\displaystyle f_{*}({\mathcal {O}}_{X'})={\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 12590:. Note that this definition is more restrictive than that of 8935:(i.e., there is a linear system of dimension 1 and degree 2.) 8205: 18808:
with single marked points. In literature, the forgetful map
12975:. A deep property of proper morphisms is the existence of a 11321:(roughly an analog of torsion points of an abelian variety). 9743:
http://math.stanford.edu/~conrad/248BPage/handouts/level.pdf
9207:
factors through an isomorphism with an open subscheme and a
8592: 5442:
is dense if and only if the kernel of the corresponding map
4131:. The classification of smooth curves can be refined by the 3301:{\displaystyle \pi ^{-1}(Z)\hookrightarrow {\widetilde {X}}} 2843:
Algebraic geometry over the compactification of Spec of the
2717:
is algebraically closed causes some pathology; for example,
19553:
is a locally ringed space whose points are valuation rings.
19440:. This is the geometric version (and generalization) of an 16611:
factors as an étale morphism followed by the projection of
14062:{\displaystyle R^{i}f_{*}({\mathcal {O}}_{X'})=0,\,i\geq 1} 11345:
is the group of the isomorphism classes of line bundles on
7787: 6595:{\displaystyle \psi '\circ f(\alpha )=g(\beta )\circ \psi } 4517:
any irreducible scheme is connected but not vice versa. An
17150:
defined over a not necessarily algebraically closed field
14518:
if the canonical map to the second dual is an isomorphism.
12937:
Note this definition is standard nowadays (e.g., Fulton's
9880:
schemes, namely those which are covered by the spectra of
9412:
A locally free sheaf of a rank one. Equivalently, it is a
9221:
to a closed subset of the underlying topological space of
8770:
is a scheme whose sets of points have the structures of a
1738:
The notation is ambiguous. Its traditional meaning is the
13203:, if for some (equivalently: every) open affine cover of 9523: 4525: 4440:
A scheme is called Cohen-Macaulay if all local rings are
747: 219: 20366:, "Book on Moduli of Surfaces" available at his website 18162:
parametrizes sets of points together with automorphisms.
16365: 13523:
if it is birational to a projective space. For example,
12365:{\displaystyle f_{*}(F\otimes f^{*}E)=(f_{*}F)\otimes E} 11305: 9686:
2.  The Kodaira dimension of a normal variety
9453:
A scheme that is both reduced and irreducible is called
7648: 6618:
One of Grothendieck's fundamental ideas is to emphasize
4815:-morphism between the total spaces of the bundles), the 4474:
is a quasi-coherent sheaf that is finitely generated as
4211:
naturally appear and are part of a wider classification.
2181:
is an effective Cartier divisor on an algebraic variety
2023: 1976: 1551: 1402: 1091: 996: 900: 802: 249: 18797:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}_{g}={\mathcal {M}}_{g,1}} 16988:, which is called the index of speciality, is positive. 15620:{\displaystyle \pi _{!}=\sum _{i}(-1)^{i}R^{i}\pi _{*}} 11438:{\displaystyle \dim \Gamma (X,\omega _{X}^{\otimes n})} 8745: 5327:
3.  For the degree of a finite morphism, see
4580:
A generalization of a homogeneous coordinate ring. See
4093:
after choosing any point on the curve as identity. (c)
19862:
Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic Curves, exercise 2.3
11962:
it sets up. Historically there was a process by which
9404:
is an inductive limit of closed immersions of schemes.
4548:, and an example of a scheme that is not connected is 2327:
are smooth, then the formula is equivalent to saying:
1234:, the group of isomorphism classes of line bundles on 20286: 20244: 20202: 20160: 20118: 20076: 20034: 19992: 19917: 19848: 19821: 19764: 19752: 19719: 19346: 19309: 19285: 19265: 19245: 19215: 19178: 19154: 19084: 19038: 19014: 18932: 18926:, consider the corresponding morphism of local rings 18912: 18892: 18814: 18756: 18721: 18623: 18598:
A kind of a piecewise-linear algebraic geometry. See
18506: 18466: 18340: 18303: 18264: 18221: 18176: 18103: 18075: 18045: 18019: 17992: 17972: 17949: 17916: 17883: 17835: 17815: 17738: 17711: 17691: 17653: 17627: 17603: 17583: 17539: 17519: 17492: 17479:{\displaystyle k\subseteq L\subseteq {\overline {k}}} 17453: 17429: 17391: 17367: 17322: 17295: 17263: 17239: 17219: 17196: 17176: 17156: 17136: 17109: 17089: 17069: 17049: 17029: 16939: 16879: 16805: 16710: 16668: 16635: 16549:
The higher-dimensional analog of étale morphisms are
16489: 16459: 16439: 16415: 16356:{\displaystyle \oplus _{0}^{\infty }\Gamma (X,L^{n})} 16312: 16263: 16224: 16174: 16139: 16116: 16048: 15885: 15732: 15681: 15657: 15633: 15554: 15442: 15391: 15329: 15258: 15168: 15144: 15088: 14964: 14924: 14892: 14844: 14792: 14762: 14736: 14684: 14641: 14577: 14485: 14465: 14433: 14385: 14361: 14341: 14307: 14267: 14241: 14204: 14169: 14149: 14107: 14083: 13994: 13925: 13888: 13741: 13660: 13611: 13537: 13466: 13440: 13416: 13396: 13306:
is a locally closed subvariety of a projective space.
13268: 13065: 13035: 12999: 12846: 12787: 12753: 12733: 12713: 12689: 12658: 12634: 12600: 12576: 12498: 12432: 12378: 12298: 12274: 12243: 12216: 12185: 12153: 12053: 12020: 11980: 11941: 11918: 11894: 11862: 11831: 11800: 11780: 11740: 11716: 11683: 11663: 11636: 11616: 11596: 11576: 11556: 11533: 11509: 11475: 11395: 11243: 11103: 10982: 10892: 10742: 10663: 10598: 10555: 10463: 10417: 10381: 10217: 10164: 10144: 10119: 10075: 10050: 10030: 9906: 9797: 9602: 9422: 9348: 9314: 9231: 8952: 8880: 8811: 8691: 8627: 8571: 8549: 8536:
is a locally Noetherian scheme whose local rings are
8457: 8425: 8373: 8334: 8302: 8263: 8229: 8154: 8094: 7961: 7870: 7732: 7671: 7594: 7574: 7568:
as a family of schemes parametrized by the points of
7532: 7412: 7368: 7274: 7228: 7208: 7183: 7139: 7114: 7094: 7056: 7036: 7011: 6967: 6942: 6922: 6872: 6852: 6827: 6783: 6758: 6738: 6677: 6654: 6632: 6547: 6487: 6409: 6323: 6290: 6241: 6202: 6114: 6074: 6031: 5835: 5753: 5729: 5709: 5516: 5492: 5367:
on a normal variety is a reflexive sheaf of the form
5258: 5216: 5114: 5046: 5012: 4961: 4930: 4825: 4781: 4706: 4633: 4601: 4356: 4309: 4267: 4099: 4065: 4036: 4002: 3982: 3881: 3779: 3723: 3618: 3598:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(K_{X})=\omega _{X}} 3551: 3520: 3470: 3404: 3334: 3314: 3260: 3219: 3185: 3071: 3070: 2956:{\displaystyle (-1)^{r}(\chi ({\mathcal {O}}_{X})-1)} 2898: 2852: 2774: 2723: 2687: 2623: 2397: 2333: 2238: 2194: 2139: 2119: 2070: 1934: 1912: 1890: 1756: 1682: 1631: 1558: 1523: 1487: 1444: 1409: 1371: 1331: 1309: 1247: 1204: 1160: 1098: 1052: 1003: 960: 907: 873: 828: 754: 622: 485: 450: 358: 327: 283: 226: 17316:
is isomorphic to a product of multiplicative groups
8068:
The prime spectrum of an algebraically closed field.
6188:; it has the natural structure of a scheme over the 2681:
is an integral separated scheme of finite type over
18746:be the moduli of smooth projective curves of genus 16253:is the closure of the union of all secant lines to 12426:-scheme that factors through some projective space 11214:(closed, respectively), i.e. if open subschemes of 10349:
of algebraic varieties of dimension greater than 2.
10331: 8196:
is a good quotient such that the fibers are orbits.
7719:{\displaystyle V\subset H^{0}(C,{\mathcal {O}}(D))} 4218:
up to isomorphism over algebraically closed fields.
577:) by its reflexive hull (and call the result still 19626:is effective. The opposite direction is similar. □ 19425: 19332: 19295: 19271: 19251: 19221: 19201: 19164: 19140: 19070: 19024: 19000: 18918: 18898: 18854: 18796: 18738: 18638: 18535: 18492: 18370: 18322: 18285: 18239: 18203: 18111: 18089: 18051: 18031: 17998: 17978: 17955: 17935: 17902: 17869: 17821: 17801: 17717: 17697: 17659: 17639: 17609: 17589: 17563: 17525: 17505: 17478: 17435: 17415: 17373: 17353: 17308: 17281: 17245: 17225: 17202: 17182: 17162: 17142: 17122: 17095: 17075: 17055: 17035: 16980: 16905: 16829: 16787: 16692: 16650: 16477:as a closed subscheme — in other words, the 16465: 16445: 16421: 16355: 16278: 16245: 16198: 16160: 16122: 16072: 15947: 15856: 15694: 15663: 15639: 15619: 15540: 15409: 15362: 15279: 15244: 15150: 15130: 15074: 14930: 14910: 14862: 14811: 14774: 14748: 14694: 14670: 14595: 14498: 14471: 14451: 14419: 14367: 14347: 14313: 14293: 14253: 14227: 14198:2.  A scheme X is reduced if its stalks 14187: 14155: 14135: 14089: 14061: 13980: 13911: 13850: 13703: 13635: 13567: 13472: 13452: 13422: 13402: 13280: 13090: 13047: 13017: 12929: 12793: 12773: 12739: 12719: 12699: 12675: 12644: 12606: 12582: 12562: 12458: 12391: 12364: 12284: 12260: 12226: 12202: 12171: 12099: 12039: 11986: 11954: 11924: 11900: 11888:), which specialise to ordinary-sense points. The 11868: 11837: 11813: 11786: 11766: 11722: 11702: 11669: 11642: 11622: 11602: 11582: 11562: 11539: 11515: 11481: 11437: 11272: 11210:), if the underlying map of topological spaces is 11165: 11041: 10960: 10851: 10684: 10634: 10576: 10489: 10449: 10399: 10252: 10170: 10150: 10130: 10105: 10061: 10036: 9912: 9859:local properties are thus properties of the rings 9803: 9620: 9437: 9368: 9334: 9288: 8978: 8908: 8846: 8736: 8669: 8579: 8557: 8517: 8443: 8391: 8359: 8320: 8288: 8249: 8168: 8140: 8048: 7923: 7813:since, taking the theorem as an axiom, defining a 7749: 7718: 7619: 7580: 7538: 7438: 7394: 7286: 7234: 7214: 7194: 7169: 7125: 7100: 7062: 7042: 7022: 6997: 6953: 6928: 6878: 6858: 6838: 6813: 6769: 6744: 6698: 6660: 6640: 6594: 6533: 6446: 6359: 6309: 6253: 6227: 6180: 6092: 6052: 5975: 5951: 5803: 5735: 5715: 5598: 5498: 5316: 5240: 5195: 5052: 5025: 4988: 4943: 4900: 4799: 4751:'-scheme together with a pullback square in which 4723: 4669: 4619: 4411: 4334: 4284: 4111: 4077: 4051: 4014: 3988: 3903: 3826: 3755: 3639:denoted by the same symbol (and not well-defined.) 3631: 3597: 3533: 3488: 3445: 3347: 3320: 3300: 3246: 3197: 3143: 2955: 2860: 2799: 2760: 2705: 2641: 2617:is a reduced separated scheme of finite type over 2551:algebraic geometry over the field with one element 2423: 2383: 2308: 2220: 2154: 2125: 2106:{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}/\mathbb {Z} ^{2n}} 2105: 1942: 1920: 1898: 1837: 1715: 1664: 1591: 1541: 1505: 1462: 1427: 1388: 1357: 1317: 1273: 1222: 1186: 1124: 1081: 1029: 986: 936: 890: 851: 818:but can also mean the self-intersection number of 774: 690: 553: 467: 426: 344: 309: 232: 20371:Martin's Olsson's course notes written by Anton, 18668:is represented by some scheme or algebraic space 17877:is isomorphic to either the multiplicative group 14671:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}/{\mathcal {I}}^{2}} 13568:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{1},\mathbb {P} ^{2}} 12006:of a point. The other two are formed by creating 11876:of the underlying space include analogues of the 11856:, would be the ordinary-sense points. The points 11767:{\displaystyle {\textrm {Spec}}({\overline {K}})} 11677:is defined over (is equipped with a morphism to) 10277:. The notion is due to Fontaine-Illusie and Kato. 9988: 8611: 8238: 5329:morphism of varieties#Degree of a finite morphism 4627:between normal varieties is a morphism such that 4536:other than 0 and 1; such a ring is also called a 3703: 3378:is a Kähler metric whose Ricci curvature is zero. 763: 20428: 19832: 19830: 19487:can be embedded into a projective space so that 12683:is finitely generated and generates the algebra 9690:is the Kodaira dimension of its canonical sheaf. 9679:is the dimension of Proj of the section ring of 6602:. The resulting square with obvious projections 6447:{\displaystyle f(x){\overset {\sim }{\to }}g(y)} 5993: 4158:3.  Classification of complete smooth 3446:{\displaystyle \omega _{X}=i_{*}\Omega _{U}^{n}} 3073: 20392:Glossary of arithmetic and Diophantine geometry 18712:would be another example of a universal object. 15252:is the divisor of the relative cotangent sheaf 12292:of finite rank, there is a natural isomorphism 4412:{\displaystyle (Z,({\mathcal {O}}_{X}/J)|_{Z})} 2037:with a certain weak topology; it is called the 1147:, then it is the inverse of the ideal sheaf of 48:glossary of arithmetic and Diophantine geometry 20402:Glossary of differential geometry and topology 18394:is a closed subscheme of an open subscheme of 16603:), respectively, such that the restriction of 14821: 13504:generalizes a quotient of a scheme or variety. 13294:if it is of finite type and has finite fibers. 13158:A quasi-coherent sheaf on a Noetherian scheme 11296:over the category of differentiable manifolds. 9940: 8565:-Gorenstein if the canonical divisor on it is 7300:if it is of finite type and has finite fibers. 6699:{\displaystyle {\textrm {Spec}}(\mathbb {Z} )} 6534:{\displaystyle \alpha :x\to x',\beta :y\to y'} 5804:{\displaystyle df:T_{y}Y\rightarrow T_{f(y)}X} 3020: 1952: 19872: 19827: 19491:is the restriction of Serre's twisting sheaf 17675:means a simple group that is split-reductive. 16837:in the sense of classical algebraic geometry. 13636:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (k)\to X} 12411:is a closed subvariety of a projective space. 9966:is a method of constructing a weaker form of 8543:2.  A normal variety is said to be 7454:if it is finitely presented at all points of 7177:is covered by finitely many affine open sets 5671: 5618:is a smooth projective variety, then it is a 5333: 5241:{\displaystyle f:X\to \operatorname {Spec} k} 4089:, i.e. the curve is a complete 1-dimensional 2564: 46:. For the number-theoretic applications, see 19585:, then there is a nonzero rational function 18684:) that corresponds to the identity morphism 18334:is a closed immersion, then the induced map 17796: 17790: 13139:if each irreducible component has dimension 9692: 8847:{\displaystyle \chi ({\mathcal {O}}_{X}(s))} 8360:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} (A^{G})} 8289:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (A^{G})} 6248: 6242: 6222: 6216: 6175: 6140: 5647:, a generalization of an algebraic variety. 4895: 4848: 4670:{\displaystyle f^{*}\omega _{Y}=\omega _{X}} 3355:with respect to the ideal sheaf determining 706:| and the set of effective Weil divisors on 20342:, vol. 52, New York: Springer-Verlag, 19776: 18443: 16906:{\displaystyle X\times _{k}{\overline {k}}} 16865:3.  A smooth scheme over a field 12747:is an open subscheme of a projective space 11998:, there are three corresponding notions of 10704:; i.e., the homogeneous coordinate ring of 10536:1.  An integral scheme is called 8782:An old term for a "smooth" algebraic group. 6261:has the natural structure of a scheme over 6181:{\displaystyle f^{-1}(y)=\{x\in X|f(x)=y\}} 4155:for details on the arithmetic implications. 3756:{\displaystyle f:\mathbf {P} _{S}^{n}\to S} 3612:is a representative of the canonical class 2768:is not a variety since the coordinate ring 1872:) for the Proj of the symmetric algebra of 810:An ambiguous notation. It usually means an 20407:Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry 20328: 19893: 19836: 19797: 19731: 18804:that of smooth projective curves of genus 18204:{\displaystyle \pi :{\widetilde {X}}\to X} 16981:{\displaystyle h^{0}({\mathcal {O}}(K-D))} 14880: 13882:if there is a resolution of singularities 13434:if and only if it admits a Borel subgroup 12002:of a morphism: the first being the simple 11049:, the total space of the normal bundle to 9832:, if one needs to distinguish between the 9637: 9131:is any open (and not closed) subscheme of 8587:-Cartier (and need not be Cohen–Macaulay). 7334:) if there is an open affine neighborhood 5100:1.  The degree of a line bundle 4989:{\displaystyle \pi :Y\to \mathbf {A} ^{1}} 3247:{\displaystyle \pi :{\widetilde {X}}\to X} 2813: 1089:. It is also called the hyperplane bundle. 698:. There is a bijection between the set of 19966: 19878: 19782: 19737: 19704: 19683: 19662: 19641: 18626: 18105: 18083: 17354:{\displaystyle G_{m,{\overline {k}}}^{n}} 16298:or the ring of sections of a line bundle 16266: 16246:{\displaystyle V\subset \mathbb {P} ^{r}} 16233: 16199:{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} _{>1}} 16183: 16142: 15131:{\displaystyle K_{X}\sim \pi ^{*}K_{Y}+R} 14724: 14049: 13868: 13772: 13555: 13540: 12756: 12551: 12521: 12501: 12459:{\displaystyle \mathbf {P} _{S}^{N}\to S} 10692:is said to be projectively normal if the 10685:{\displaystyle X\subset \mathbf {P} ^{r}} 10577:{\displaystyle C\subset \mathbf {P} ^{r}} 10000: 9764:Most important properties of schemes are 9425: 8805:over a field is the Euler characteristic 8606:to higher direct image sheaves; see also 8600:Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem 8594:Grauert–Riemenschneider vanishing theorem 8573: 8551: 7734: 6689: 6634: 5339:An approach to algebraic geometry using ( 5310: 4139:curves, in particular when restricted to 4039: 3033:; both formulas compute the trace of the 2854: 2835:if some tensor power of it is very ample. 2831:A line bundle on a projective variety is 2793: 2786: 2776: 2754: 2741: 2731: 2570: 2142: 2090: 2073: 1936: 1914: 1892: 1311: 20397:Glossary of classical algebraic geometry 19543: 16073:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Gr} (d,n)} 14420:{\displaystyle R_{u}(G_{\overline {k}})} 14188:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (R)} 13878:over a field of characteristic zero has 13725: 12836:of the symmetric algebra of the dual of 10976:, then the normal cone is isomorphic to 10497:are structure maps to the base category. 10253:{\displaystyle GL_{\infty }=\cup GL_{n}} 9836:and other possible topologies, like the 9369:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} A/J} 9335:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} A/I} 9302:Algebraic Geometry and Arithmetic Curves 9111:). For example, the underlying space of 8392:{\displaystyle X=\operatorname {Proj} A} 8321:{\displaystyle X=\operatorname {Spec} A} 7795:Gabriel–Rosenberg reconstruction theorem 7789:Gabriel–Rosenberg reconstruction theorem 6892: 4540:. Examples of connected schemes include 2706:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (k)} 2642:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (k)} 2169:is a (flat) family of abelian varieties. 1966:with Zariski topology; it is called the 1864:. In contrast, Hartshorne and EGA write 40:glossary of classical algebraic geometry 19656: 19148:be the ideal generated by the image of 19071:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X,f(y)}} 18565:Category:Theorems in algebraic geometry 18062:6.  In the classification of 17966:5.  A linear algebraic group 17213:2.  A linear algebraic group 15293: 14946:relates the degree of π, the genera of 12614:to be projective if it is given by the 11451: 11273:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}|_{U}} 10871:, it is locally free and is called the 10635:{\displaystyle |{\mathcal {O}}_{C}(k)|} 10588:-normal if the hypersurfaces of degree 10262: 10106:{\displaystyle f^{-1}({\text{Spec }}B)} 9956: 9621:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Pic} (X)} 7170:{\displaystyle f^{-1}({\text{Spec }}B)} 6998:{\displaystyle f^{-1}({\text{Spec }}B)} 6814:{\displaystyle f^{-1}({\text{Spec }}B)} 5983:http://www.math.ubc.ca/~behrend/cet.pdf 2589:is an algebraic variety that is also a 2496:-Algebras, defined by analogy with the 2221:{\displaystyle \omega _{D},\omega _{X}} 1716:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{1}(\log D)} 1665:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{p}(\log D)} 1592:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{p}(\log D)} 1223:{\displaystyle \operatorname {Pic} (X)} 14: 20429: 20412:List of complex and algebraic surfaces 19949: 19677: 18536:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(-1)} 18406:An algebraic variety of dimension two. 18255:(also called proper transform) is the 16579:, there are open affine neighborhoods 15307:on a smooth projective curve of genus 14756:of stacks such that, for any morphism 14530:is a scheme where the local rings are 13715:of an (irreducible) algebraic variety 12943: 10407:of stacks (over, say, the category of 9844:and a cover by affine open subschemes 9171:is quasi-compact, the construction of 8909:{\displaystyle \Gamma (C,\omega _{C})} 7924:{\displaystyle g=(d-1)(d-2)/2-\delta } 7809:. The theorem is a starting point for 7801:can be recovered from the category of 7302: 4685:An algebraic variety of dimension one. 3496:is the sheaf of differential forms on 3153: 1962:The set of all prime ideals in a ring 1082:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(-1)} 937:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(-1)} 19698: 19635: 18493:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(1)} 18286:{\displaystyle {\widetilde {Y}}\to Y} 17130:. If this property holds already for 15975:to rigidify the geometric situation." 14918:between smooth projective curves, if 14379:if and only if the unipotent radical 14294:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(U)} 12137: 11075: 10524:An archaic term for "smooth" as in a 10180: 9752:Another term for the structure of an 8979:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(1)} 8791: 8685:and equipped with the multiplication 8178: 8070: 7845: 7439:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(U)} 7395:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{Y}(V)} 5677:Localization of a finite type scheme. 4444:. For example, regular schemes, and 2538: 2171: 2033:The set of all valuations for a ring 1358:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D)} 1292:). It need not be locally free, only 1274:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D)} 1187:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D)} 1125:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(D)} 1030:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(1)} 987:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(1)} 310:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}(1)} 20301:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20259:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20217:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20175:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20133:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20091:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20049:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 20007:Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS 19333:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{Y,y}} 19202:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{Y,y}} 18592: 18408: 17063:there is the derived property split- 16990: 16512:simple normal crossing (snc) divisor 16395: 14596:{\displaystyle i:X\hookrightarrow Y} 14562: 14228:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X,x}} 13645: 12813:is a locally free sheaf on a scheme 12803: 12774:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} _{A}^{n}} 12123:an embedding into a projective space 11547:of the underlying topological space; 11355: 9976: 9661: 8937: 8681:is a closed subvariety of a variety 7849: 6277:1.  Another term for the " 5456: 5104:on a complete variety is an integer 4335:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}/J} 4220: 2837: 2667: 2384:{\displaystyle K_{D}=(K_{X}+D)|_{D}} 852:{\displaystyle L={\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 19524: 19463:a synonym with "algebraic variety". 19418: 19383: 19288: 19157: 19110: 19087: 19017: 18164: 17829:such that each successive quotient 17385:if and only if it is isomorphic to 17020:1.  In the context of an 16854:that is locally of finite type and 15664:{\displaystyle \operatorname {td} } 15640:{\displaystyle \operatorname {ch} } 15433:, then as equality in the rational 14708: 13296: 13104: 11908:-valued points are thought of, via 11703:{\displaystyle {\textrm {Spec}}(K)} 11055: 10592:cut out the complete linear series 10044:may be covered by affine open sets 9579: 9406: 7554:on stalks. When viewing a morphism 7108:may be covered by affine open sets 6936:may be covered by affine open sets 6752:may be covered by affine open sets 4769: 4562: 2992: 2874: 2595: 2476:4.  A morphism is called 612:over an algebraically closed field 24: 19394: 19350: 19313: 19182: 19121: 19100: 19042: 18981: 18949: 18938: 18862:is often called a universal curve. 18841: 18824: 18777: 18760: 18739:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}_{g}} 18725: 18569: 18510: 18470: 16955: 16754: 16751: 16748: 16745: 16497:Sheaf generated by global sections 16491:sheaf generated by global sections 16328: 16323: 16161:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{n+1}} 16091:is the closure of a Schubert cell. 15887: 15260: 15219: 15199: 14886:Given a finite separable morphism 14687: 14657: 14644: 14508: 14321:has no nonzero nilpotent sections. 14271: 14208: 14021: 13967: 13942: 13308: 13091:{\displaystyle F\times _{G}B\to B} 12889: 12692: 12676:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}_{1}} 12662: 12637: 12546: 12543: 12540: 12537: 12277: 12261:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{Y}} 12247: 12219: 12203:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 12189: 12059: 12026: 11402: 11389:of a smooth projective variety is 11247: 11135: 11104: 11001: 10919: 10835: 10795: 10779: 10720:is a closed subscheme of a scheme 10657:3.  A closed subvariety 10607: 10450:{\displaystyle P_{G}\circ f=P_{F}} 10226: 9735: 9275: 9248: 9237: 8956: 8881: 8821: 8501: 8474: 8415:with the action of a group scheme 8192:with the action of a group scheme 8062: 8032: 8008: 7981: 7968: 7937: 7699: 7416: 7372: 5871: 5845: 5468: 5450:is contained in the nilradical of 4509:as a topological space. Since the 4372: 4313: 4285:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 4271: 3827:{\displaystyle R^{i}f_{*}F(r-i)=0} 3656: 3555: 3472: 3429: 3094: 3083: 2930: 2651: 2579: 2271: 1684: 1633: 1560: 1525: 1489: 1446: 1411: 1389:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 1375: 1335: 1251: 1164: 1102: 1056: 1007: 964: 911: 891:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 877: 863:, then it means the direct sum of 838: 662: 647: 528: 512: 468:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 454: 401: 385: 345:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{X}} 331: 287: 25: 20458: 19918:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1964 19849:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1960 19822:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1960 19765:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1964 19753:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1964 19720:Grothendieck & Dieudonné 1960 17282:{\displaystyle G_{\overline {k}}} 16208: 15417:is a proper morphism with smooth 15383:Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch formula 14718:from an algebraic variety to the 14627:is a regular embedding, then the 14452:{\displaystyle G_{\overline {k}}} 14136:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {(0)}}=(0)} 14077:1.  A commutative ring 13704:{\displaystyle k(X)=\varinjlim k} 13494: 13175:that is locally given by modules. 13152: 13129: 12707:. Both definitions coincide when 12010:of two morphisms. For example, a 11329:A linear system of dimension one. 11218:are mapped to open subschemes of 10411:-schemes) is a functor such that 7811:noncommutative algebraic geometry 7785:if there is such a linear system. 7342:and an open affine neighbourhood 6360:{\displaystyle f:F\to G,g:H\to G} 6228:{\displaystyle X\times _{Y}\{y\}} 5821: 5655: 5650:Séminaire de géométrie algébrique 5606:holds for any locally free sheaf 5210:is a cycle on a complete variety 4570:Nagata's compactification theorem 4460: 4434: 3933: 3508:by a resolution of singularities. 2661:is a quotient of a scheme by the 2500:. Important affine morphisms are 1154:2.  Most of the times, 714:. The same definition is used if 19504: 18639:{\displaystyle \mathbb {G} _{m}} 18580: 18431: 16521:3.  In the context of 16388: 16385:https://mathoverflow.net/q/22228 16279:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{r}} 15991:Éléments de géométrie algébrique 15924: 15904: 14555: 14538:over a field are regular, while 13759: 13744: 13177: 12874: 12871: 12868: 12865: 12848: 12435: 12107:. This makes the extension from 12040:{\displaystyle S^{\prime }\to S} 10672: 10564: 10361:is given locally by polynomials. 10267: 9776:if and only if for any cover of 9746: 9723: 9704: 9565: 9438:{\displaystyle \mathbb {G} _{m}} 9019:is any morphism of schemes, the 8918: 8776: 8752:Grothendieck's vanishing theorem 8747:Grothendieck's vanishing theorem 8401: 7854: 7830: 7819:https://mathoverflow.net/q/16257 7244: 6648:of integers; so that any scheme 6271: 6265:as Spec of the residue field of 6053:{\displaystyle \omega _{X}^{-1}} 5930: 5879: 5853: 5634:Éléments de géométrie algébrique 4976: 4819:is the (scheme-theoretic) locus 4453: 4421:closed subscheme defined by the 4214:7.  Classification of 4196:5.  Classification of 4173:4.  Classification of 4052:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} ^{1}} 3854: 3732: 2603: 2155:{\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{q}} 1758: 1608:logarithmic Kähler differentials 1281:is the sheaf corresponding to a 728: 710:that are linearly equivalent to 640: 569:is reflexive, then one replaces 19923: 19911: 19899: 19887: 19866: 19854: 19842: 19815: 19803: 19791: 19770: 19512: 19296:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {n}}} 19165:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {m}}} 19025:{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {m}}} 17621:if and only if a maximal torus 17486:if and only if its base change 17309:{\displaystyle {\overline {k}}} 17123:{\displaystyle {\overline {k}}} 16381:Serre's conditions on normality 16288: 14499:{\displaystyle {\overline {k}}} 13288:is a finite set. A morphism is 13238: 12594:, II.5.5.2. The latter defines 12117: 11814:{\displaystyle {\overline {K}}} 11349:, the multiplication being the 11331: 10359:morphism of algebraic varieties 10326:, "Book on Moduli of Surfaces". 10131:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}A} 10113:is covered by affine open sets 10062:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}B} 9874:. For example, we can speak of 9851:. Using the dictionary between 9593:is the degree zero part of the 8856: 8760: 8608:https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1827 8214: 7947:of a smooth projective variety 7750:{\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (V)} 7504: 7294:is a finite set. A morphism is 7195:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}A} 7126:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}B} 7023:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}A} 7005:is covered by affine open sets 6954:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}B} 6839:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}A} 6770:{\displaystyle {\text{Spec }}B} 5977:equivariant intersection theory 5827:The exact sequence of sheaves: 5434:. A morphism of affine schemes 4910: 4168:Enriques–Kodaira classification 3545:is the divisor class such that 3489:{\displaystyle \Omega _{U}^{n}} 2319:2.  If, in addition, 1860:-points correspond to lines in 1542:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{1}} 1506:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{p}} 1463:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{1}} 1428:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X}^{p}} 741:by an action of a group scheme 204: 67: 36:glossary of commutative algebra 19935:Tag 02G4 in the Stacks Project 19758: 19746: 19725: 19713: 19692: 19671: 19650: 19629: 19563: 19388: 19371: 19365: 19115: 19105: 19063: 19057: 18975: 18970: 18964: 18864: 18835: 18614:is a product of finitely many 18561:cohomology base change theorem 18530: 18521: 18487: 18481: 18353: 18277: 18231: 18195: 18148:moduli space of vector bundles 18090:{\displaystyle k=\mathbb {R} } 16975: 16972: 16960: 16950: 16873:that is geometrically smooth: 16824: 16818: 16809: 16782: 16779: 16773: 16764: 16758: 16721: 16687: 16681: 16672: 16642: 16350: 16331: 16067: 16055: 15936: 15899: 15839: 15833: 15821: 15818: 15807: 15791: 15772: 15767: 15761: 15743: 15588: 15578: 15535: 15532: 15526: 15514: 15508: 15499: 15483: 15477: 15465: 15449: 15401: 15363:{\displaystyle \chi (L)=d-g+1} 15339: 15333: 15236: 15215: 15069: 15050: 15028: 15019: 15013: 15004: 15001: 14995: 14977: 14971: 14902: 14854: 14766: 14740: 14695:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}} 14611:has an affine neighborhood in 14587: 14414: 14396: 14288: 14282: 14182: 14176: 14130: 14124: 14116: 14110: 14037: 14015: 13958: 13936: 13903: 13845: 13791: 13788: 13785: 13773: 13754: 13721:function field (scheme theory) 13698: 13692: 13670: 13664: 13627: 13624: 13618: 13482: 13381: 13082: 13039: 13009: 12921: 12918: 12905: 12878: 12858: 12852: 12700:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} 12645:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} 12450: 12353: 12337: 12331: 12309: 12285:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}} 12227:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} 12163: 12094: 12081: 12031: 11761: 11748: 11697: 11691: 11432: 11405: 11260: 11160: 11138: 11132: 11120: 11107: 11036: 11033: 11012: 10996: 10955: 10906: 10846: 10808: 10765: 10743: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10600: 10518: 10391: 10100: 10089: 9990:locally of finite presentation 9675:) of a semi-ample line bundle 9615: 9609: 9498: 9259: 9045:which satisfies the following 8973: 8967: 8903: 8884: 8841: 8838: 8832: 8815: 8728: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8664: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8619:Grothendieck ring of varieties 8613:Grothendieck ring of varieties 8486: 8458: 8435: 8354: 8341: 8283: 8270: 8043: 8020: 7995: 7971: 7904: 7892: 7889: 7877: 7744: 7738: 7713: 7710: 7704: 7688: 7614: 7608: 7452:locally of finite presentation 7433: 7427: 7389: 7383: 7164: 7153: 6992: 6981: 6808: 6797: 6693: 6685: 6583: 6577: 6568: 6562: 6520: 6497: 6441: 6435: 6424: 6419: 6413: 6351: 6333: 6166: 6160: 6153: 6134: 6128: 6100:between schemes, the fiber of 6084: 5940: 5922: 5917: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5865: 5839: 5793: 5787: 5776: 5587: 5574: 5558: 5533: 5303: 5291: 5275: 5269: 5226: 5190: 5171: 5134: 5118: 4971: 4886: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4861: 4842: 4836: 4791: 4710: 4694: 4611: 4406: 4396: 4391: 4366: 4357: 4164:overview of the classification 3898: 3892: 3815: 3803: 3747: 3711:Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity 3705:Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity 3579: 3566: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3238: 3116: 3097: 3080: 2965: 2950: 2941: 2924: 2918: 2909: 2899: 2700: 2694: 2636: 2630: 2371: 2366: 2347: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2252: 1878: 1832: 1829: 1816: 1807: 1795: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1768: 1762: 1710: 1698: 1659: 1647: 1586: 1574: 1352: 1346: 1268: 1262: 1217: 1211: 1181: 1175: 1119: 1113: 1076: 1067: 1024: 1018: 981: 975: 931: 922: 685: 682: 679: 673: 650: 644: 632: 624: 545: 539: 495: 489: 418: 412: 368: 362: 304: 298: 29:glossary of algebraic geometry 13: 1: 20340:Graduate Texts in Mathematics 19943: 19465: 18880: 17870:{\displaystyle B_{i}/B_{i+1}} 16830:{\displaystyle k({\bar {y}})} 16693:{\displaystyle k({\bar {y}})} 15875:is trivial. For example, the 15280:{\displaystyle \Omega _{X/Y}} 14812:{\displaystyle F\times _{G}B} 13375:is quasi-separated over Spec( 13262:if the fiber over each point 12983: 12401: 11375: 10549:2.  A smooth curve 10279: 10069:such that each inverse image 9533:all have exactly one minimal 9416:for the multiplicative group 9394: 8526: 7726:, one says the linear system 7268:if the fiber over each point 7133:such that each inverse image 6961:such that each inverse image 6481:, ψ') is a pair of morphisms 6310:{\displaystyle F\times _{G}H} 5743:over an algebraically closed 5357: 4731:be a morphism of schemes and 4151:to an algebraic closure. See 4129:algebraic curves for examples 3862: 3368: 3000:weighted Euler characteristic 608:on a normal complete variety 199: 19495:(1) on the projective space. 18655: 18380: 18112:{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } 18032:{\displaystyle B\subseteq G} 17667:is a split torus. Since any 17640:{\displaystyle T\subseteq G} 17471: 17339: 17301: 17273: 17115: 16898: 16399: 14491: 14443: 14408: 14323: 13578:2.  Given a field 13453:{\displaystyle B\subseteq G} 13135:A scheme has pure dimension 12113:tensor product of R-algebras 12089: 11806: 11756: 10333:Mori's minimal model program 10209:noetherian topological space 9984:unique factorization domains 9529:is connected and the rings A 9181: 8580:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 8558:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 7665:on it and a vector subspace 7498:is locally Noetherian, then 7462:is locally Noetherian, then 6821:is affine — say of the form 6641:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } 6108:is, as a set, the pre-image 5062: 5040:is a degeneration such that 4739:-scheme. Then a deformation 4497: 4191:here for curves and surfaces 4183:Hironaka's resolution result 3380: 3031:Grothendieck's trace formula 2861:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } 2489:construction for sheaves of 2462:is a variety in affine space 1943:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1921:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1899:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 1851:ring of polynomial functions 1318:{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } 737:of, say, an algebraic space 274:is a projective scheme with 66: 7: 20385: 20381:worked out by many authors. 18557:theorem on formal functions 18378:is also a closed immersion. 18297:along the closed subscheme 17564:{\displaystyle G_{m,L}^{n}} 17447:over an intermediate field 17416:{\displaystyle G_{m,k}^{n}} 17257:if only if its base change 16042:-orbit on the Grassmannian 16028: 15961: 15714:is a smooth curve of genus 15706:. For example, if the base 15410:{\displaystyle \pi :X\to S} 15303:is a line bundle of degree 14911:{\displaystyle \pi :X\to Y} 14863:{\displaystyle \pi :Z\to X} 14829:resolution of singularities 14823:resolution of singularities 13862:= 3, it is also called the 13513: 13363:is quasi-compact. A scheme 13344:) if the diagonal morphism 12950: 12621:of a quasi-coherent graded 11282: 10972:is regularly embedded into 10490:{\displaystyle P_{F},P_{G}} 10351: 10158:is finitely generated as a 9968:resolution of singularities 9948:complete intersection rings 9942:local complete intersection 9447: 9139:is the inclusion map, then 9076:is any closed subscheme of 7822: 7489:is finitely presented over 7222:is finitely generated as a 7050:is finitely generated as a 6866:is finitely generated as a 6626:, the spectrum of the ring 5396: 4574: 4234:in algebraic geometry; see 3842: 3650:is the section ring of the 3064:is a line bundle such that 2977: 2424:{\displaystyle K_{D},K_{X}} 1606:is 1, this is the sheaf of 722:on a complete variety over 10: 20463: 19457: 19442:unramified field extension 18545: 18400: 16915: 16799:-dimensional variety over 16651:{\displaystyle {\bar {y}}} 16542: 14520: 14254:{\displaystyle U\subset X} 14071: 13059:a scheme, the base change 12147:says that, for a morphism 11912:, as a way of identifying 9159:is the Zariski closure of 7404:finitely presented algebra 7322:of finite presentation at 6025:whose anticanonical sheaf 5673:essentially of finite type 5353:derived algebraic geometry 5335:derived algebraic geometry 4775:Given a vector-bundle map 4586: 4452:) are Cohen–Macaulay, but 4026:curves, i.e. the curve is 3967:algebraically closed field 3672: 3198:{\displaystyle Z\subset X} 3165: 2663:étale equivalence relation 2054: 1241:3.  In general, 20437:Glossaries of mathematics 19968:10.1007/978-1-4612-1700-8 19438:separable field extension 18211:along a closed subscheme 18146:is used to construct the 18125: 17423:without any base change. 17190:is said to satisfy split- 16535: 16501: 16093: 16004: 15873:infinitesimal deformation 14301:is a reduced ring, i.e., 13912:{\displaystyle f:X'\to X} 13025:is said to have property 12955: 11323: 11188:1.  A morphism 10710: 10544:integrally closed domains 10542:, if the local rings are 10530: 10375:3.  A morphism 10347:birational classification 10302: 9700:Kodaira vanishing theorem 9694:Kodaira vanishing theorem 8604:Kodaira vanishing theorem 8419:is an invariant morphism 7629: 7620:{\displaystyle f^{-1}(x)} 6708: 6281:" in the category theory. 5094: 4240: 3693:is a closed subscheme of 3012:virtual fundamental class 2845:ring of rational integers 2555:One goal is to prove the 2515:over a closed subvariety 2473:of some commutative ring. 2445: 1141:effective Cartier divisor 859:, the structure sheaf on 440:is a Cartier divisor and 74: 18:Glossary of scheme theory 19557: 19303:is the maximal ideal of 19032:be the maximal ideal of 18604: 18451:tautological line bundle 18445:tautological line bundle 18390:, without qualifier, of 18240:{\displaystyle f:Y\to X} 18152: 18010:if and only if it has a 17289:to an algebraic closure 17014: 16516:strong desingularization 16218:to a projective variety 15865: 15704:integration along fibers 15695:{\displaystyle \pi _{*}} 14619:there is generated by a 14479:to an algebraic closure 13531:are those birational to 13339:is quasi-separated over 13304:quasi-projective variety 13018:{\displaystyle f:F\to G} 12172:{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} 11463: 11373:into a projective space. 11097:> 0, the natural map 11065:for normal crossing and 10400:{\displaystyle f:F\to G} 9758: 9553:are irreducible, while 8999: 8988:tautological line bundle 8986:. It is the dual of the 8737:{\displaystyle \cdot =.} 8444:{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} 8198: 8148:for any field extension 7838: 6612: 6093:{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} 6062: 5679: 4800:{\displaystyle f:E\to F} 4679: 4620:{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} 4485: 3904:{\displaystyle A_{k}(X)} 3767:is the smallest integer 3457:is the inclusion of the 2884:of a projective variety 2825: 2469:is a scheme that is the 2009:. It is also denoted by 1742:of a finite-dimensional 1396:of the integral part of 1045:tautological line bundle 1043:. It is the dual of the 949:tautological line bundle 795:action of a group scheme 194: 20288:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20246:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20204:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20162:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20120:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20078:Grothendieck, Alexandre 20036:Grothendieck, Alexandre 19994:Grothendieck, Alexandre 19446:algebraic number theory 18453:of a projective scheme 18323:{\displaystyle f^{-1}Z} 17936:{\displaystyle G_{m,a}} 17903:{\displaystyle G_{m,k}} 17685:linear algebraic group 17043:for certain properties 16704:), the geometric fiber 16523:linear algebraic groups 14944:Riemann–Hurwitz formula 14882:Riemann–Hurwitz formula 13500:Usually denoted by , a 12125: 12111:, where it is just the 11182: 10201:, the scheme is called 9888:(i.e., has no non-zero 9772:has a certain property 9645:Kempf vanishing theorem 9639:Kempf vanishing theorem 9300:and Q. Liu in his book 8801:of a projective scheme 8076:A property of a scheme 8058:Serre's duality theorem 8056:(where the equality is 7627:do not vary too wildly. 7520: 7070:-algebra. The morphism 6008: 5499:{\displaystyle \omega } 5078:equidimensional schemes 4955:) if there is a scheme 4916:1.  A scheme 4724:{\displaystyle S\to S'} 4470:on a Noetherian scheme 4419:is a scheme called the 4112:{\displaystyle g\geq 2} 4030:to the projective line 3179:and a closed subscheme 3027:Behrend's trace formula 3022:Behrend's trace formula 2815:algebraic vector bundle 214: 44:glossary of ring theory 19427: 19334: 19297: 19273: 19253: 19223: 19203: 19166: 19142: 19072: 19026: 19002: 18920: 18900: 18856: 18798: 18740: 18640: 18553:Zariski's main theorem 18537: 18494: 18459:Serre's twisting sheaf 18372: 18324: 18287: 18241: 18205: 18137:moduli space of curves 18113: 18091: 18053: 18033: 18000: 17980: 17957: 17937: 17910:or the additive group 17904: 17871: 17823: 17803: 17729:if and only if it has 17719: 17699: 17661: 17641: 17611: 17591: 17565: 17527: 17507: 17480: 17437: 17417: 17375: 17355: 17310: 17283: 17247: 17227: 17204: 17184: 17164: 17144: 17124: 17097: 17077: 17057: 17037: 16982: 16907: 16831: 16789: 16694: 16652: 16467: 16447: 16423: 16357: 16280: 16247: 16200: 16162: 16124: 16101:rational normal scroll 16074: 15996: 15949: 15858: 15696: 15665: 15641: 15621: 15542: 15429:is a vector bundle on 15411: 15364: 15281: 15246: 15152: 15132: 15076: 14932: 14912: 14864: 14813: 14776: 14775:{\displaystyle B\to G} 14750: 14749:{\displaystyle F\to G} 14726:representable morphism 14702:is the ideal sheaf of 14696: 14672: 14597: 14500: 14473: 14453: 14421: 14369: 14349: 14334:linear algebraic group 14315: 14295: 14255: 14229: 14189: 14157: 14137: 14091: 14063: 13982: 13913: 13880:rational singularities 13870:rational singularities 13852: 13705: 13637: 13582:and a relative scheme 13569: 13474: 13454: 13424: 13404: 13282: 13281:{\displaystyle x\in X} 13125:linear algebraic group 13092: 13049: 13048:{\displaystyle B\to G} 13019: 12931: 12795: 12775: 12741: 12721: 12701: 12677: 12646: 12608: 12584: 12564: 12466:as a closed subscheme. 12460: 12393: 12366: 12286: 12262: 12228: 12204: 12173: 12101: 12041: 11988: 11956: 11926: 11902: 11870: 11839: 11815: 11788: 11768: 11724: 11704: 11671: 11644: 11624: 11604: 11584: 11564: 11541: 11517: 11501:, but the meanings of 11483: 11439: 11292:is often defined as a 11274: 11167: 11043: 10962: 10853: 10686: 10636: 10578: 10506: 10491: 10451: 10401: 10319: 10254: 10172: 10152: 10132: 10107: 10063: 10038: 10022:locally of finite type 10002:locally of finite type 9914: 9805: 9649: 9622: 9589:of a projective curve 9543:irreducible components 9478:irreducible polynomial 9439: 9370: 9336: 9290: 9225:, and if the morphism 9021:scheme-theoretic image 8980: 8945:Serre's twisting sheaf 8910: 8868:moduli space of curves 8848: 8738: 8671: 8581: 8559: 8519: 8445: 8393: 8361: 8322: 8290: 8251: 8250:{\displaystyle X/\!/G} 8170: 8142: 8050: 7925: 7803:quasi-coherent sheaves 7751: 7720: 7621: 7582: 7550:if it gives rise to a 7540: 7482:of finite presentation 7440: 7396: 7329:finitely presented at 7288: 7287:{\displaystyle x\in X} 7236: 7216: 7196: 7171: 7127: 7102: 7064: 7044: 7024: 6999: 6955: 6930: 6914:locally of finite type 6880: 6860: 6840: 6815: 6771: 6746: 6706:, and in a unique way. 6700: 6662: 6642: 6596: 6535: 6448: 6361: 6311: 6284:2.  A stack 6255: 6229: 6182: 6094: 6054: 5953: 5805: 5737: 5717: 5600: 5500: 5318: 5242: 5197: 5054: 5027: 4990: 4945: 4902: 4801: 4725: 4671: 4621: 4515:irreducible components 4413: 4336: 4286: 4216:split reductive groups 4179:Zariski neighboorhoods 4125:curves of general type 4113: 4079: 4053: 4016: 3990: 3905: 3828: 3757: 3717:on a projective space 3633: 3599: 3535: 3490: 3447: 3349: 3322: 3302: 3248: 3199: 3145: 3043: 2957: 2862: 2801: 2762: 2707: 2643: 2561:field with one element 2531: 2425: 2385: 2310: 2222: 2156: 2127: 2107: 1944: 1922: 1900: 1839: 1717: 1676:-th exterior power of 1666: 1593: 1543: 1517:-th exterior power of 1507: 1464: 1429: 1390: 1359: 1319: 1275: 1224: 1188: 1126: 1083: 1041:Serre's twisting sheaf 1031: 988: 953:Serre's twisting sheaf 938: 892: 853: 776: 775:{\displaystyle X/\!/G} 692: 599:complete linear system 565:is a Weil divisor and 555: 469: 428: 346: 311: 276:Serre's twisting sheaf 234: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 19933:are unramified. See 19800:, Exercise II.3.11(d) 19573:be a Weil divisor on 19551:Zariski–Riemann space 19545:Zariski–Riemann space 19428: 19335: 19298: 19274: 19254: 19224: 19204: 19167: 19143: 19073: 19027: 19003: 18921: 18901: 18876:universally injective 18857: 18799: 18741: 18641: 18616:multiplicative groups 18538: 18495: 18439:Zariski tangent space 18373: 18325: 18288: 18242: 18206: 18114: 18092: 18054: 18034: 18001: 17986:defined over a field 17981: 17958: 17938: 17905: 17872: 17824: 17804: 17720: 17705:defined over a field 17700: 17662: 17642: 17612: 17597:defined over a field 17592: 17566: 17528: 17508: 17506:{\displaystyle G_{L}} 17481: 17438: 17418: 17376: 17356: 17311: 17284: 17248: 17233:defined over a field 17228: 17205: 17185: 17165: 17145: 17125: 17098: 17078: 17058: 17038: 16983: 16908: 16846:over a perfect field 16832: 16790: 16695: 16653: 16468: 16448: 16424: 16358: 16281: 16248: 16201: 16163: 16125: 16075: 15985: 15950: 15859: 15697: 15666: 15642: 15622: 15543: 15412: 15365: 15282: 15247: 15153: 15151:{\displaystyle \sim } 15133: 15077: 14933: 14913: 14865: 14814: 14777: 14751: 14697: 14673: 14615:so that the ideal of 14598: 14501: 14474: 14454: 14422: 14370: 14350: 14316: 14296: 14256: 14230: 14190: 14158: 14138: 14092: 14064: 13983: 13914: 13853: 13733:rational normal curve 13727:rational normal curve 13706: 13638: 13570: 13475: 13455: 13425: 13410:defined over a field 13405: 13283: 13093: 13050: 13020: 12932: 12796: 12776: 12742: 12722: 12702: 12678: 12647: 12609: 12585: 12565: 12461: 12394: 12392:{\displaystyle f_{*}} 12367: 12287: 12263: 12229: 12205: 12174: 12102: 12042: 11996:Grothendieck approach 11989: 11957: 11955:{\displaystyle h_{S}} 11934:representable functor 11927: 11903: 11871: 11840: 11816: 11789: 11769: 11734:, is a morphism from 11725: 11705: 11672: 11645: 11625: 11605: 11585: 11565: 11542: 11518: 11484: 11440: 11294:Deligne–Mumford stack 11275: 11237:with structure sheaf 11202:of schemes is called 11168: 11093:if, for each integer 11044: 10963: 10859:. If the embedded of 10854: 10687: 10637: 10579: 10492: 10452: 10402: 10370:locally ringed spaces 10339:minimal model program 10314: 10255: 10173: 10153: 10133: 10108: 10064: 10039: 9915: 9913:{\displaystyle \cup } 9806: 9804:{\displaystyle \cup } 9657:kawamata log terminal 9623: 9440: 9371: 9337: 9291: 9092:also factors through 8981: 8911: 8849: 8739: 8672: 8582: 8560: 8520: 8446: 8394: 8362: 8323: 8291: 8252: 8171: 8143: 8051: 7926: 7828:A principal G-bundle. 7815:noncommutative scheme 7752: 7721: 7622: 7583: 7541: 7441: 7397: 7289: 7237: 7217: 7197: 7172: 7128: 7103: 7065: 7045: 7025: 7000: 6956: 6931: 6894:finite type (locally) 6881: 6861: 6841: 6816: 6772: 6747: 6701: 6663: 6643: 6597: 6536: 6449: 6362: 6312: 6256: 6254:{\displaystyle \{y\}} 6230: 6196:as the fiber product 6183: 6095: 6055: 5954: 5815:and consequently the 5806: 5738: 5718: 5601: 5501: 5476:Cohen–Macaulay scheme 5319: 5252:, then its degree is 5243: 5198: 5055: 5028: 5026:{\displaystyle X_{0}} 4991: 4951:(called the limit of 4946: 4944:{\displaystyle X_{0}} 4903: 4802: 4726: 4672: 4622: 4414: 4337: 4287: 4209:terminal singularites 4205:minimal model program 4137:projectively embedded 4114: 4080: 4054: 4017: 3991: 3969:are classified up to 3929:rational equivalences 3906: 3829: 3758: 3634: 3632:{\displaystyle K_{X}} 3600: 3536: 3534:{\displaystyle K_{X}} 3491: 3448: 3350: 3348:{\displaystyle O_{X}} 3323: 3303: 3249: 3213:is a proper morphism 3200: 3146: 3010:is the degree of the 2958: 2863: 2802: 2763: 2713:. Note, not assuming 2708: 2644: 2526: 2426: 2386: 2311: 2223: 2157: 2128: 2113:or an elliptic curve 2108: 1945: 1923: 1901: 1840: 1718: 1667: 1594: 1544: 1508: 1465: 1430: 1391: 1360: 1320: 1276: 1225: 1189: 1127: 1084: 1032: 989: 939: 893: 854: 777: 702:-rational points of | 693: 556: 470: 429: 347: 312: 235: 233:{\displaystyle \eta } 19538: 19499: 19452: 19344: 19340:and the induced map 19307: 19283: 19263: 19243: 19213: 19176: 19152: 19082: 19036: 19012: 18930: 18910: 18890: 18872:universally catenary 18812: 18754: 18719: 18700:). If the values of 18650: 18621: 18504: 18464: 18426: 18338: 18301: 18262: 18219: 18174: 18144:stable vector bundle 18101: 18073: 18043: 18017: 17990: 17970: 17947: 17914: 17881: 17833: 17813: 17736: 17709: 17689: 17651: 17625: 17601: 17581: 17537: 17517: 17490: 17451: 17427: 17389: 17365: 17320: 17293: 17261: 17237: 17217: 17194: 17174: 17154: 17134: 17107: 17087: 17067: 17047: 17027: 16937: 16877: 16803: 16708: 16666: 16633: 16457: 16437: 16413: 16310: 16261: 16222: 16172: 16137: 16114: 16046: 16016:locally ringed space 15979: 15883: 15730: 15679: 15655: 15631: 15552: 15440: 15389: 15327: 15317:Euler characteristic 15313:Riemann–Roch formula 15295:Riemann–Roch formula 15256: 15166: 15142: 15086: 14962: 14956:ramification indices 14931:{\displaystyle \pi } 14922: 14890: 14842: 14790: 14760: 14734: 14682: 14639: 14575: 14514:A coherent sheaf is 14483: 14463: 14431: 14383: 14359: 14339: 14305: 14265: 14239: 14202: 14195:is a reduced scheme. 14167: 14147: 14105: 14081: 13992: 13923: 13886: 13739: 13658: 13609: 13535: 13508: 13464: 13438: 13414: 13394: 13266: 13147: 13063: 13033: 12997: 12967:if it is separated, 12844: 12785: 12751: 12731: 12711: 12687: 12656: 12632: 12598: 12574: 12496: 12430: 12376: 12296: 12272: 12241: 12214: 12183: 12151: 12051: 12018: 11978: 11939: 11916: 11892: 11860: 11829: 11798: 11778: 11738: 11714: 11681: 11661: 11634: 11614: 11594: 11574: 11554: 11531: 11507: 11491:locally ringed space 11473: 11453:Poincaré residue map 11393: 11371:Grassmannian variety 11300: 11241: 11177: 11101: 10980: 10890: 10740: 10661: 10596: 10553: 10501: 10461: 10415: 10379: 10297: 10264:logarithmic geometry 10215: 10162: 10142: 10117: 10073: 10048: 10028: 9982:The local rings are 9964:local uniformization 9958:local uniformization 9946:The local rings are 9904: 9840:. Consider a scheme 9795: 9718: 9632: 9600: 9574: 9445:(i.e., line bundle). 9420: 9346: 9312: 9229: 8994: 8950: 8878: 8874:is the vector space 8809: 8786: 8689: 8625: 8569: 8547: 8455: 8423: 8371: 8332: 8300: 8261: 8227: 8152: 8092: 7959: 7868: 7730: 7669: 7643: 7592: 7572: 7530: 7410: 7366: 7316:, then the morphism 7272: 7226: 7206: 7181: 7137: 7112: 7092: 7054: 7034: 7009: 6965: 6940: 6920: 6870: 6850: 6825: 6781: 6756: 6736: 6675: 6652: 6630: 6545: 6485: 6407: 6403:), ψ an isomorphism 6321: 6288: 6239: 6200: 6112: 6072: 6029: 5988: 5833: 5751: 5727: 5707: 5626: 5514: 5490: 5486:is a coherent sheaf 5256: 5214: 5112: 5053:{\displaystyle \pi } 5044: 5010: 4959: 4928: 4823: 4779: 4704: 4689: 4631: 4599: 4511:connected components 4354: 4307: 4265: 4097: 4063: 4034: 4000: 3980: 3971:rational equivalence 3911:of a smooth variety 3879: 3777: 3721: 3713:of a coherent sheaf 3646:of a normal variety 3616: 3549: 3541:on a normal variety 3518: 3468: 3402: 3390:on a normal variety 3363: 3332: 3321:{\displaystyle \pi } 3312: 3258: 3217: 3183: 3068: 3006:with respect to the 2987: 2971:Another term for an 2896: 2850: 2772: 2721: 2685: 2621: 2395: 2331: 2236: 2192: 2137: 2133:over a finite field 2117: 2068: 2049: 1932: 1910: 1906:-factorial if every 1888: 1884:A normal variety is 1754: 1680: 1629: 1556: 1521: 1485: 1472:Kähler differentials 1442: 1407: 1369: 1329: 1307: 1245: 1202: 1158: 1096: 1050: 1001: 958: 951:. It is the dual of 905: 871: 826: 814:-th tensor power of 752: 620: 483: 448: 356: 325: 281: 224: 19955:Intersection theory 18710:tautological bundle 18661:1.  If a 17560: 17412: 17350: 16367:Serre's conditions 16327: 16306:is the graded ring 15957:Kodaira–Spencer map 14837:birational morphism 14532:regular local rings 14427:of the base change 12978:Stein factorization 12945:projectively normal 12939:Intersection theory 12770: 12515: 12449: 11966:added more points ( 11964:projective geometry 11850:algebraic varieties 11590:is a morphism from 11431: 10923: 10644:projectively normal 10366:morphism of schemes 9996:finite presentation 9853:(commutative) rings 9780:by open subschemes 9712:Kuranishi structure 9480:is integral, while 8169:{\displaystyle E/k} 7994: 7304:finite presentation 6049: 4811:(that is, a scheme 4763:' is assumed to be 4755:is the pullback of 4342:is a closed subset 4200:in small dimension. 4078:{\displaystyle g=1} 4015:{\displaystyle g=0} 3746: 3485: 3442: 3161:birational morphism 3155:birational morphism 1697: 1646: 1573: 1538: 1502: 1459: 1424: 68:Contents:  20442:Algebraic geometry 20335:Algebraic Geometry 20314:10.1007/bf02732123 20272:10.1007/bf02684343 20230:10.1007/bf02684322 20188:10.1007/bf02684747 20146:10.1007/bf02684890 20104:10.1007/bf02684274 20062:10.1007/bf02699291 20020:10.1007/bf02684778 19810:The Stacks Project 19423: 19330: 19293: 19269: 19249: 19219: 19199: 19162: 19138: 19068: 19022: 18998: 18916: 18896: 18852: 18794: 18736: 18715:2.  Let 18636: 18575:An old term for a 18533: 18490: 18368: 18320: 18283: 18237: 18201: 18109: 18087: 18067:split Lie algebras 18049: 18029: 17996: 17976: 17953: 17933: 17900: 17867: 17819: 17799: 17731:composition series 17715: 17695: 17673:split simple group 17657: 17637: 17607: 17587: 17561: 17540: 17523: 17503: 17476: 17433: 17413: 17392: 17371: 17351: 17323: 17306: 17279: 17243: 17223: 17200: 17180: 17160: 17140: 17120: 17093: 17073: 17053: 17033: 16978: 16925:on a smooth curve 16903: 16827: 16785: 16690: 16648: 16463: 16453:with itself along 16443: 16419: 16407:separated morphism 16353: 16313: 16276: 16243: 16196: 16158: 16120: 16070: 16018:that is locally a 15945: 15854: 15692: 15661: 15637: 15617: 15577: 15538: 15407: 15360: 15277: 15242: 15190: 15160:linear equivalence 15148: 15128: 15072: 15049: 14928: 14908: 14860: 14809: 14786:, the base change 14772: 14746: 14706:, is locally free. 14692: 14668: 14593: 14496: 14469: 14449: 14417: 14365: 14345: 14311: 14291: 14251: 14225: 14185: 14153: 14133: 14087: 14059: 13978: 13909: 13848: 13701: 13684: 13651:An element in the 13633: 13565: 13470: 13450: 13420: 13400: 13278: 13117:in the context of 13088: 13045: 13015: 12969:universally closed 12927: 12791: 12771: 12754: 12737: 12717: 12697: 12673: 12642: 12604: 12580: 12560: 12499: 12456: 12433: 12409:projective variety 12389: 12362: 12282: 12258: 12224: 12200: 12169: 12145:projection formula 12139:projection formula 12097: 12037: 11984: 11952: 11922: 11898: 11866: 11835: 11811: 11784: 11764: 11720: 11700: 11667: 11640: 11620: 11600: 11580: 11560: 11537: 11513: 11479: 11435: 11414: 11270: 11233:is an open subset 11163: 11091:normally generated 11077:normally generated 11039: 10958: 10909: 10878:2.  The 10849: 10682: 10632: 10574: 10487: 10447: 10397: 10250: 10182:locally Noetherian 10168: 10148: 10128: 10103: 10059: 10034: 9910: 9877:locally Noetherian 9801: 9667:1.  The 9655:Abbreviation for " 9618: 9435: 9380:is the radical of 9366: 9332: 9298:Algebraic Geometry 9286: 9143:is different from 9047:universal property 8990:(whence the term). 8976: 8906: 8844: 8799:Hilbert polynomial 8793:Hilbert polynomial 8734: 8670:{\displaystyle =+} 8667: 8577: 8555: 8515: 8441: 8389: 8357: 8318: 8286: 8247: 8186:geometric quotient 8180:geometric quotient 8166: 8138: 8088:" if it holds for 8072:geometric property 8046: 7980: 7921: 7747: 7716: 7617: 7578: 7536: 7436: 7392: 7284: 7232: 7212: 7192: 7167: 7123: 7098: 7060: 7040: 7020: 6995: 6951: 6926: 6876: 6856: 6846:— and furthermore 6836: 6811: 6767: 6742: 6696: 6658: 6638: 6592: 6531: 6462:); an arrow from ( 6444: 6357: 6307: 6251: 6225: 6178: 6090: 6050: 6032: 6020:projective variety 6004:Frobenius morphism 5981:See Chapter II of 5949: 5801: 5733: 5713: 5614:; for example, if 5596: 5496: 5478:of pure dimension 5314: 5238: 5193: 5090:algebraic surfaces 5050: 5023: 4986: 4941: 4898: 4797: 4721: 4667: 4617: 4409: 4332: 4282: 4203:6.  The 4153:Faltings's theorem 4109: 4075: 4049: 4012: 3986: 3901: 3824: 3753: 3730: 3697:that is flat over 3642:4.  The 3629: 3608:3.  The 3595: 3531: 3511:2.  The 3486: 3471: 3443: 3428: 3386:1.  The 3345: 3318: 3298: 3244: 3195: 3141: 3140: 3087: 3002:of a (nice) stack 2953: 2858: 2821:locally free sheaf 2797: 2758: 2703: 2639: 2557:Riemann hypothesis 2545:Algebraic geometry 2540:algebraic geometry 2511:5.  The 2498:spectrum of a ring 2433:canonical divisors 2421: 2381: 2306: 2230:adjunction formula 2218: 2173:adjunction formula 2152: 2123: 2103: 2039:Berkovich spectrum 1940: 1918: 1896: 1835: 1713: 1683: 1662: 1632: 1589: 1559: 1539: 1524: 1503: 1488: 1460: 1445: 1425: 1410: 1386: 1355: 1315: 1271: 1220: 1184: 1122: 1079: 1027: 984: 934: 888: 849: 772: 688: 551: 465: 424: 342: 307: 230: 57:and a morphism an 20349:978-0-387-90244-9 20330:Hartshorne, Robin 19978:978-3-540-62046-4 19937:for more details. 19931:closed immersions 19812:, Chapter 21, §4. 19722:, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 19272:{\displaystyle Y} 19252:{\displaystyle y} 19222:{\displaystyle f} 18919:{\displaystyle Y} 18899:{\displaystyle y} 18676:is an element of 18600:tropical geometry 18594:tropical geometry 18420:symmetric variety 18410:symmetric variety 18365: 18350: 18274: 18192: 18064:real Lie algebras 18052:{\displaystyle k} 17999:{\displaystyle k} 17979:{\displaystyle G} 17956:{\displaystyle k} 17822:{\displaystyle k} 17718:{\displaystyle k} 17698:{\displaystyle G} 17660:{\displaystyle k} 17610:{\displaystyle k} 17590:{\displaystyle G} 17533:is isomorphic to 17526:{\displaystyle L} 17474: 17436:{\displaystyle G} 17374:{\displaystyle G} 17342: 17304: 17276: 17246:{\displaystyle k} 17226:{\displaystyle G} 17203:{\displaystyle P} 17183:{\displaystyle G} 17163:{\displaystyle k} 17143:{\displaystyle G} 17118: 17096:{\displaystyle P} 17076:{\displaystyle P} 17056:{\displaystyle P} 17036:{\displaystyle G} 16998:spherical variety 16992:spherical variety 16901: 16821: 16776: 16724: 16684: 16645: 16527:semisimple groups 16479:diagonal morphism 16466:{\displaystyle f} 16446:{\displaystyle f} 16422:{\displaystyle f} 16123:{\displaystyle n} 15722:is a line bundle 15568: 15299:1.  If 15175: 15034: 14607:if each point of 14605:regular embedding 14564:regular embedding 14494: 14472:{\displaystyle G} 14446: 14411: 14368:{\displaystyle k} 14348:{\displaystyle G} 14314:{\displaystyle X} 14156:{\displaystyle R} 14119: 14090:{\displaystyle R} 13677: 13647:rational function 13529:rational surfaces 13473:{\displaystyle k} 13423:{\displaystyle k} 13403:{\displaystyle G} 12819:projective bundle 12805:projective bundle 12794:{\displaystyle A} 12740:{\displaystyle X} 12720:{\displaystyle X} 12607:{\displaystyle f} 12583:{\displaystyle X} 12416:projective scheme 12133:Proj construction 12092: 12078: 12047:is thought of as 11987:{\displaystyle T} 11925:{\displaystyle S} 11901:{\displaystyle T} 11880:(in the sense of 11869:{\displaystyle P} 11854:complex manifolds 11838:{\displaystyle K} 11823:algebraic closure 11809: 11787:{\displaystyle S} 11759: 11745: 11723:{\displaystyle K} 11688: 11670:{\displaystyle S} 11643:{\displaystyle T} 11630:, for any scheme 11623:{\displaystyle S} 11603:{\displaystyle T} 11583:{\displaystyle S} 11570:-valued point of 11563:{\displaystyle T} 11540:{\displaystyle P} 11516:{\displaystyle S} 11499:topological space 11482:{\displaystyle S} 11363:Plücker embedding 11357:Plücker embedding 11225:2.  An 10724:with ideal sheaf 10716:1.  If 10368:is a morphism of 10171:{\displaystyle B} 10151:{\displaystyle A} 10123: 10095: 10054: 10037:{\displaystyle X} 9978:locally factorial 9952:regular embedding 9824:has the property 9754:equivariant sheaf 9671:(also called the 9669:Kodaira dimension 9663:Kodaira dimension 9155:is reduced, then 8943:Another term for 8939:hyperplane bundle 8534:Gorenstein scheme 7846:#arithmetic genus 7581:{\displaystyle X} 7539:{\displaystyle f} 7518:of vector spaces. 7235:{\displaystyle B} 7215:{\displaystyle A} 7187: 7159: 7118: 7101:{\displaystyle X} 7063:{\displaystyle B} 7043:{\displaystyle A} 7015: 6987: 6946: 6929:{\displaystyle X} 6879:{\displaystyle B} 6859:{\displaystyle A} 6831: 6803: 6762: 6745:{\displaystyle X} 6682: 6661:{\displaystyle S} 6430: 6367:: an object over 5736:{\displaystyle Y} 5716:{\displaystyle X} 5458:dualizing complex 5392:divisorial scheme 5349:commutative rings 5206:2.  If 5153: 5038:flat degeneration 4247:Closed subschemes 4236:classifying stack 4228:classifying space 4222:classifying stack 4177:resp. associated 4121:Hyperbolic curves 3989:{\displaystyle g} 3610:canonical divisor 3376:Calabi–Yau metric 3295: 3235: 3205:, the blow-up of 3072: 3041:-adic cohomology. 2870:Arakelov geometry 2839:Arakelov geometry 2823:of a finite rank. 2675:algebraic variety 2669:algebraic variety 2465:3.  An 2458:2.  An 2187:dualizing sheaves 2185:, both admitting 2177:1.  If 2165:2.  An 2126:{\displaystyle E} 2060:1.  An 2017:) or simply Spec( 1928:-Weil divisor is 1602:1.  If 1299:4.  If 1135:1.  If 479:arbitrary), then 436:2.  If 270:1.  If 16:(Redirected from 20454: 20417:List of surfaces 20360: 20325: 20283: 20241: 20199: 20157: 20115: 20073: 20031: 19989: 19970: 19938: 19927: 19921: 19915: 19909: 19903: 19897: 19891: 19885: 19884: 19882: 19870: 19864: 19858: 19852: 19846: 19840: 19834: 19825: 19819: 19813: 19807: 19801: 19795: 19789: 19788: 19786: 19774: 19768: 19762: 19756: 19750: 19744: 19743: 19741: 19729: 19723: 19717: 19711: 19710: 19708: 19696: 19690: 19689: 19687: 19675: 19669: 19668: 19666: 19654: 19648: 19647: 19645: 19633: 19627: 19609:is a section of 19567: 19532:Weil reciprocity 19526:Weil reciprocity 19432: 19430: 19429: 19424: 19422: 19421: 19415: 19410: 19409: 19398: 19397: 19387: 19386: 19380: 19375: 19374: 19354: 19353: 19339: 19337: 19336: 19331: 19329: 19328: 19317: 19316: 19302: 19300: 19299: 19294: 19292: 19291: 19278: 19276: 19275: 19270: 19258: 19256: 19255: 19250: 19228: 19226: 19225: 19220: 19208: 19206: 19205: 19200: 19198: 19197: 19186: 19185: 19171: 19169: 19168: 19163: 19161: 19160: 19147: 19145: 19144: 19139: 19137: 19136: 19125: 19124: 19114: 19113: 19104: 19103: 19091: 19090: 19077: 19075: 19074: 19069: 19067: 19066: 19046: 19045: 19031: 19029: 19028: 19023: 19021: 19020: 19007: 19005: 19004: 18999: 18997: 18996: 18985: 18984: 18974: 18973: 18953: 18952: 18942: 18941: 18925: 18923: 18922: 18917: 18905: 18903: 18902: 18897: 18861: 18859: 18858: 18853: 18851: 18850: 18845: 18844: 18834: 18833: 18828: 18827: 18803: 18801: 18800: 18795: 18793: 18792: 18781: 18780: 18770: 18769: 18764: 18763: 18745: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18735: 18734: 18729: 18728: 18674:universal object 18645: 18643: 18642: 18637: 18635: 18634: 18629: 18542: 18540: 18539: 18534: 18520: 18519: 18514: 18513: 18499: 18497: 18496: 18491: 18480: 18479: 18474: 18473: 18377: 18375: 18374: 18369: 18367: 18366: 18358: 18352: 18351: 18343: 18329: 18327: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18315: 18292: 18290: 18289: 18284: 18276: 18275: 18267: 18249:strict transform 18246: 18244: 18243: 18238: 18210: 18208: 18207: 18202: 18194: 18193: 18185: 18170:Given a blow-up 18166:strict transform 18142:2.  A 18131:1.  A 18118: 18116: 18115: 18110: 18108: 18096: 18094: 18093: 18088: 18086: 18058: 18056: 18055: 18050: 18038: 18036: 18035: 18030: 18005: 18003: 18002: 17997: 17985: 17983: 17982: 17977: 17962: 17960: 17959: 17954: 17942: 17940: 17939: 17934: 17932: 17931: 17909: 17907: 17906: 17901: 17899: 17898: 17876: 17874: 17873: 17868: 17866: 17865: 17850: 17845: 17844: 17828: 17826: 17825: 17820: 17808: 17806: 17805: 17800: 17786: 17785: 17767: 17766: 17754: 17753: 17724: 17722: 17721: 17716: 17704: 17702: 17701: 17696: 17678:4.  A 17666: 17664: 17663: 17658: 17646: 17644: 17643: 17638: 17616: 17614: 17613: 17608: 17596: 17594: 17593: 17588: 17574:3.  A 17570: 17568: 17567: 17562: 17559: 17554: 17532: 17530: 17529: 17524: 17512: 17510: 17509: 17504: 17502: 17501: 17485: 17483: 17482: 17477: 17475: 17467: 17442: 17440: 17439: 17434: 17422: 17420: 17419: 17414: 17411: 17406: 17380: 17378: 17377: 17372: 17360: 17358: 17357: 17352: 17349: 17344: 17343: 17335: 17315: 17313: 17312: 17307: 17305: 17297: 17288: 17286: 17285: 17280: 17278: 17277: 17269: 17252: 17250: 17249: 17244: 17232: 17230: 17229: 17224: 17209: 17207: 17206: 17201: 17189: 17187: 17186: 17181: 17169: 17167: 17166: 17161: 17149: 17147: 17146: 17141: 17129: 17127: 17126: 17121: 17119: 17111: 17102: 17100: 17099: 17094: 17082: 17080: 17079: 17074: 17062: 17060: 17059: 17054: 17042: 17040: 17039: 17034: 16987: 16985: 16984: 16979: 16959: 16958: 16949: 16948: 16912: 16910: 16909: 16904: 16902: 16894: 16892: 16891: 16842:2.  A 16836: 16834: 16833: 16828: 16823: 16822: 16814: 16794: 16792: 16791: 16786: 16778: 16777: 16769: 16757: 16743: 16742: 16727: 16726: 16725: 16717: 16699: 16697: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16677: 16657: 16655: 16654: 16649: 16647: 16646: 16638: 16566: 16551:smooth morphisms 16510:2.  A 16484:closed immersion 16472: 16470: 16469: 16464: 16452: 16450: 16449: 16444: 16428: 16426: 16425: 16420: 16396:#dualizing sheaf 16362: 16360: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16348: 16326: 16321: 16285: 16283: 16282: 16277: 16275: 16274: 16269: 16252: 16250: 16249: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16205: 16203: 16202: 16197: 16195: 16194: 16186: 16167: 16165: 16164: 16159: 16157: 16156: 16145: 16132:projective space 16129: 16127: 16126: 16121: 16089:Schubert variety 16087:2.  A 16079: 16077: 16076: 16071: 16034:1.  A 16024:commutative ring 16001: 15969:level structures 15954: 15952: 15951: 15946: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15927: 15913: 15912: 15907: 15895: 15894: 15877:projective space 15863: 15861: 15860: 15855: 15814: 15803: 15802: 15790: 15789: 15771: 15770: 15760: 15759: 15742: 15741: 15701: 15699: 15698: 15693: 15691: 15690: 15670: 15668: 15667: 15662: 15646: 15644: 15643: 15638: 15626: 15624: 15623: 15618: 15616: 15615: 15606: 15605: 15596: 15595: 15576: 15564: 15563: 15547: 15545: 15544: 15539: 15498: 15497: 15461: 15460: 15416: 15414: 15413: 15408: 15369: 15367: 15366: 15361: 15286: 15284: 15283: 15278: 15276: 15275: 15271: 15251: 15249: 15248: 15243: 15235: 15234: 15230: 15211: 15210: 15209: 15208: 15203: 15202: 15189: 15157: 15155: 15154: 15149: 15137: 15135: 15134: 15129: 15121: 15120: 15111: 15110: 15098: 15097: 15081: 15079: 15078: 15073: 15062: 15061: 15048: 14937: 14935: 14934: 14929: 14917: 14915: 14914: 14909: 14869: 14867: 14866: 14861: 14818: 14816: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14804: 14781: 14779: 14778: 14773: 14755: 14753: 14752: 14747: 14710:regular function 14701: 14699: 14698: 14693: 14691: 14690: 14677: 14675: 14674: 14669: 14667: 14666: 14661: 14660: 14653: 14648: 14647: 14621:regular sequence 14602: 14600: 14599: 14594: 14570:closed immersion 14559: 14536:smooth varieties 14534:. For example, 14505: 14503: 14502: 14497: 14495: 14487: 14478: 14476: 14475: 14470: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14448: 14447: 14439: 14426: 14424: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14412: 14404: 14395: 14394: 14374: 14372: 14371: 14366: 14354: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14320: 14318: 14317: 14312: 14300: 14298: 14297: 14292: 14281: 14280: 14275: 14274: 14260: 14258: 14257: 14252: 14234: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14224: 14223: 14212: 14211: 14194: 14192: 14191: 14186: 14162: 14160: 14159: 14154: 14143:. Equivalently, 14142: 14140: 14139: 14134: 14120: 14109: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14068: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14036: 14035: 14034: 14025: 14024: 14014: 14013: 14004: 14003: 13987: 13985: 13984: 13979: 13977: 13976: 13971: 13970: 13957: 13956: 13955: 13946: 13945: 13935: 13934: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13910: 13902: 13857: 13855: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13843: 13822: 13821: 13803: 13802: 13768: 13767: 13762: 13753: 13752: 13747: 13735:is the image of 13710: 13708: 13707: 13702: 13685: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13634: 13574: 13572: 13571: 13566: 13564: 13563: 13558: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13479: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13459: 13457: 13456: 13451: 13429: 13427: 13426: 13421: 13409: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13362: 13327: 13298:quasi-projective 13287: 13285: 13284: 13279: 13257: 13221:, the preimages 13196: 13106:pseudo-reductive 13097: 13095: 13094: 13089: 13078: 13077: 13054: 13052: 13051: 13046: 13024: 13022: 13021: 13016: 12973:complete variety 12936: 12934: 12933: 12928: 12917: 12916: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12893: 12892: 12877: 12851: 12800: 12798: 12797: 12792: 12780: 12778: 12777: 12772: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12726: 12724: 12723: 12718: 12706: 12704: 12703: 12698: 12696: 12695: 12682: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12672: 12671: 12666: 12665: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12641: 12640: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12605: 12589: 12587: 12586: 12581: 12569: 12567: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12549: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12491:projective space 12482: 12465: 12463: 12462: 12457: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12414:2.  A 12407:1.  A 12398: 12396: 12395: 12390: 12388: 12387: 12371: 12369: 12368: 12363: 12349: 12348: 12327: 12326: 12308: 12307: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12283: 12281: 12280: 12267: 12265: 12264: 12259: 12257: 12256: 12251: 12250: 12233: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12223: 12222: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12201: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12192: 12178: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12106: 12104: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12085: 12080: 12079: 12076: 12073: 12072: 12063: 12062: 12046: 12044: 12043: 12038: 12030: 12029: 11993: 11991: 11990: 11985: 11972:line at infinity 11970:complex points, 11961: 11959: 11958: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11931: 11929: 11928: 11923: 11907: 11905: 11904: 11899: 11875: 11873: 11872: 11867: 11844: 11842: 11841: 11836: 11820: 11818: 11817: 11812: 11810: 11802: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11773: 11771: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11752: 11747: 11746: 11743: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11721: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11690: 11689: 11686: 11676: 11674: 11673: 11668: 11649: 11647: 11646: 11641: 11629: 11627: 11626: 11621: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11601: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11569: 11567: 11566: 11561: 11546: 11544: 11543: 11538: 11522: 11520: 11519: 11514: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11480: 11459:Poincaré residue 11444: 11442: 11441: 11436: 11430: 11422: 11367:closed embedding 11319:-divisible group 11310:-divisible group 11279: 11277: 11276: 11271: 11269: 11268: 11263: 11257: 11256: 11251: 11250: 11201: 11172: 11170: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11158: 11131: 11130: 11071:normal crossings 11057:normal crossings 11048: 11046: 11045: 11040: 11032: 11031: 11022: 11005: 11004: 10992: 10991: 10967: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10953: 10938: 10933: 10932: 10922: 10917: 10902: 10901: 10858: 10856: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10838: 10828: 10827: 10818: 10807: 10806: 10805: 10804: 10799: 10798: 10783: 10782: 10773: 10772: 10763: 10762: 10753: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10683: 10681: 10680: 10675: 10650:-normal for all 10641: 10639: 10638: 10633: 10631: 10617: 10616: 10611: 10610: 10603: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10496: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10486: 10485: 10473: 10472: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10427: 10426: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10364:2.  A 10357:1.  A 10343:research program 10327: 10308:See for example 10259: 10257: 10256: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10230: 10229: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10137: 10135: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10121: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10104: 10096: 10093: 10088: 10087: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10052: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10019: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9882:Noetherian rings 9834:Zariski topology 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9768:, i.e. a scheme 9673:Iitaka dimension 9627: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9587:Jacobian variety 9581:Jacobian variety 9569: 9551:projective space 9459:integral domains 9444: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9434: 9433: 9428: 9408:invertible sheaf 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9279: 9278: 9271: 9270: 9258: 9257: 9252: 9251: 9241: 9240: 9210:closed immersion 9202: 9175:is not local on 9084:factors through 9075: 9055:factors through 9044: 9018: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8977: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8959: 8915: 8913: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8901: 8853: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8824: 8756:local cohomology 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8676: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8586: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8576: 8564: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8554: 8538:Gorenstein rings 8532:1.  A 8524: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8504: 8494: 8493: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8477: 8470: 8469: 8450: 8448: 8447: 8442: 8398: 8396: 8395: 8390: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8352: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8281: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8237: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8137: 8126: 8125: 8104: 8103: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8035: 8016: 8015: 7993: 7988: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7911: 7850:#geometric genus 7797:states a scheme 7756: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7737: 7725: 7723: 7722: 7717: 7703: 7702: 7687: 7686: 7626: 7624: 7623: 7618: 7607: 7606: 7587: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7567: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7479: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7437: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7419: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7375: 7293: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7263: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7185: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7160: 7157: 7152: 7151: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7116: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7083: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7013: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6988: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6944: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6911: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6829: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6804: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6760: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6743: 6727: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6667: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6555: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6530: 6507: 6480: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6431: 6423: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6302: 6260: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6215: 6214: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6156: 6127: 6126: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6048: 6040: 5969:, is called the 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5921: 5920: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5848: 5817:étale cohomology 5810: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5772: 5771: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5698: 5667:projective curve 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5573: 5572: 5551: 5550: 5532: 5531: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5474:On a projective 5464:Coherent duality 5415: 5390:2.  A 5365:divisorial sheaf 5363:1.  A 5323: 5321: 5320: 5315: 5313: 5290: 5289: 5268: 5267: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5188: 5164: 5163: 5154: 5152: 5141: 5133: 5132: 5086:algebraic curves 5080:in dimension 0: 5074:Global dimension 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5036:2.  A 5032: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5021: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4907: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4864: 4835: 4834: 4817:degeneracy locus 4806: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4771:degeneracy locus 4730: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4720: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4665: 4653: 4652: 4643: 4642: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4594:crepant morphism 4568:See for example 4564:compactification 4546:projective space 4457: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4376: 4375: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4317: 4316: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4084: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4013: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3910: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3891: 3890: 3860:A special fiber. 3833: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3799: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3762: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3638: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3427: 3426: 3414: 3413: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3327: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3288: 3273: 3272: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3204: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3123: 3115: 3114: 3086: 3008:Behrend function 2994:Behrend function 2962: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2917: 2916: 2882:arithmetic genus 2876:arithmetic genus 2867: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2767: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2734: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2597:algebraic scheme 2576: 2574: 2535: 2506:finite morphisms 2430: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2419: 2407: 2406: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2359: 2358: 2343: 2342: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2274: 2264: 2263: 2248: 2247: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2204: 2203: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2150: 2145: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2112: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2076: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1828: 1827: 1761: 1740:projectivization 1722: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1696: 1691: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1645: 1640: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1572: 1567: 1548: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1470:is the sheaf of 1469: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1458: 1453: 1434: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1418: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1194:is the image of 1193: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1036: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1010: 993: 991: 990: 985: 974: 973: 968: 967: 943: 941: 940: 935: 921: 920: 915: 914: 897: 895: 894: 889: 887: 886: 881: 880: 858: 856: 855: 850: 848: 847: 842: 841: 781: 779: 778: 773: 768: 762: 697: 695: 694: 689: 672: 671: 666: 665: 643: 635: 627: 560: 558: 557: 552: 538: 537: 532: 531: 524: 523: 522: 521: 516: 515: 474: 472: 471: 466: 464: 463: 458: 457: 433: 431: 430: 425: 411: 410: 405: 404: 397: 396: 395: 394: 389: 388: 351: 349: 348: 343: 341: 340: 335: 334: 316: 314: 313: 308: 297: 296: 291: 290: 239: 237: 236: 231: 69: 21: 20462: 20461: 20457: 20456: 20455: 20453: 20452: 20451: 20427: 20426: 20388: 20350: 20292:Dieudonné, Jean 20250:Dieudonné, Jean 20208:Dieudonné, Jean 20166:Dieudonné, Jean 20124:Dieudonné, Jean 20082:Dieudonné, Jean 20040:Dieudonné, Jean 19998:Dieudonné, Jean 19979: 19959:Springer-Verlag 19951:Fulton, William 19946: 19941: 19928: 19924: 19916: 19912: 19908:, II.5.5.4(ii). 19904: 19900: 19894:Hartshorne 1977 19892: 19888: 19871: 19867: 19859: 19855: 19847: 19843: 19837:Hartshorne 1977 19835: 19828: 19820: 19816: 19808: 19804: 19798:Hartshorne 1977 19796: 19792: 19775: 19771: 19763: 19759: 19751: 19747: 19730: 19726: 19718: 19714: 19697: 19693: 19676: 19672: 19655: 19651: 19634: 19630: 19617: 19568: 19564: 19560: 19546: 19541: 19527: 19515: 19507: 19502: 19468: 19460: 19455: 19417: 19416: 19411: 19399: 19393: 19392: 19391: 19382: 19381: 19376: 19355: 19349: 19348: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19341: 19318: 19312: 19311: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19304: 19287: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19280: 19264: 19261: 19260: 19244: 19241: 19240: 19214: 19211: 19210: 19209:. The morphism 19187: 19181: 19180: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19173: 19156: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19149: 19126: 19120: 19119: 19118: 19109: 19108: 19099: 19095: 19086: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19079: 19047: 19041: 19040: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19033: 19016: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 18986: 18980: 18979: 18978: 18954: 18948: 18947: 18946: 18937: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18927: 18911: 18908: 18907: 18891: 18888: 18887: 18883: 18867: 18846: 18840: 18839: 18838: 18829: 18823: 18822: 18821: 18813: 18810: 18809: 18782: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18765: 18759: 18758: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18751: 18730: 18724: 18723: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18716: 18706:universal curve 18658: 18653: 18630: 18625: 18624: 18622: 18619: 18618: 18607: 18595: 18583: 18572: 18571:torus embedding 18548: 18515: 18509: 18508: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18501: 18475: 18469: 18468: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18461: 18457:is the dual of 18446: 18434: 18429: 18416:symmetric space 18414:An analog of a 18411: 18403: 18383: 18357: 18356: 18342: 18341: 18339: 18336: 18335: 18308: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18298: 18266: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18259: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18215:and a morphism 18184: 18183: 18175: 18172: 18171: 18167: 18155: 18128: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18098: 18082: 18074: 18071: 18070: 18044: 18041: 18040: 18018: 18015: 18014: 17991: 17988: 17987: 17971: 17968: 17967: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17921: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17911: 17888: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17878: 17855: 17851: 17846: 17840: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17830: 17814: 17811: 17810: 17781: 17777: 17762: 17758: 17749: 17745: 17737: 17734: 17733: 17710: 17707: 17706: 17690: 17687: 17686: 17671:is reductive a 17652: 17649: 17648: 17626: 17623: 17622: 17619:split-reductive 17602: 17599: 17598: 17582: 17579: 17578: 17576:reductive group 17555: 17544: 17538: 17535: 17534: 17518: 17515: 17514: 17497: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17466: 17452: 17449: 17448: 17428: 17425: 17424: 17407: 17396: 17390: 17387: 17386: 17366: 17363: 17362: 17345: 17334: 17327: 17321: 17318: 17317: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17290: 17268: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17258: 17238: 17235: 17234: 17218: 17215: 17214: 17195: 17192: 17191: 17175: 17172: 17171: 17155: 17152: 17151: 17135: 17132: 17131: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17104: 17088: 17085: 17084: 17068: 17065: 17064: 17048: 17045: 17044: 17028: 17025: 17024: 17022:algebraic group 17017: 16993: 16954: 16953: 16944: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16934: 16918: 16893: 16887: 16883: 16878: 16875: 16874: 16813: 16812: 16804: 16801: 16800: 16768: 16767: 16744: 16738: 16734: 16716: 16715: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16705: 16676: 16675: 16667: 16664: 16663: 16637: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16630: 16554: 16547: 16545:smooth morphism 16538: 16504: 16492: 16458: 16455: 16454: 16438: 16435: 16434: 16414: 16411: 16410: 16402: 16391: 16376: 16375: 16344: 16340: 16322: 16317: 16311: 16308: 16307: 16291: 16270: 16265: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16258: 16237: 16232: 16231: 16223: 16220: 16219: 16211: 16187: 16182: 16181: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16146: 16141: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16134: 16115: 16112: 16111: 16096: 16047: 16044: 16043: 16031: 16007: 16003: 15998: 15982: 15964: 15955:(and using the 15928: 15923: 15922: 15921: 15917: 15908: 15903: 15902: 15890: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15880: 15879:is rigid since 15868: 15810: 15798: 15794: 15785: 15781: 15755: 15751: 15750: 15746: 15737: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15727: 15686: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15676: 15656: 15653: 15652: 15649:Chern character 15632: 15629: 15628: 15611: 15607: 15601: 15597: 15591: 15587: 15572: 15559: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15549: 15493: 15489: 15456: 15452: 15441: 15438: 15437: 15390: 15387: 15386: 15328: 15325: 15324: 15296: 15267: 15263: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15253: 15226: 15222: 15218: 15204: 15198: 15197: 15196: 15195: 15191: 15179: 15167: 15164: 15163: 15143: 15140: 15139: 15116: 15112: 15106: 15102: 15093: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15083: 15057: 15053: 15038: 14963: 14960: 14959: 14940:tamely ramified 14923: 14920: 14919: 14891: 14888: 14887: 14883: 14843: 14840: 14839: 14824: 14800: 14796: 14791: 14788: 14787: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14735: 14732: 14731: 14727: 14711: 14686: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14679: 14662: 14656: 14655: 14654: 14649: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14636: 14576: 14573: 14572: 14565: 14523: 14511: 14510:reflexive sheaf 14486: 14484: 14481: 14480: 14464: 14461: 14460: 14438: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14428: 14403: 14399: 14390: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14380: 14377:reductive group 14360: 14357: 14356: 14340: 14337: 14336: 14326: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14276: 14270: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14262: 14240: 14237: 14236: 14213: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14168: 14165: 14164: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14082: 14079: 14078: 14074: 14027: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14018: 14009: 14005: 13999: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13989: 13972: 13966: 13965: 13964: 13948: 13947: 13941: 13940: 13939: 13930: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13920: 13895: 13887: 13884: 13883: 13871: 13839: 13835: 13811: 13807: 13798: 13794: 13763: 13758: 13757: 13748: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13736: 13728: 13676: 13659: 13656: 13655: 13648: 13610: 13607: 13606: 13595:-rational point 13559: 13554: 13553: 13544: 13539: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13532: 13525:rational curves 13516: 13511: 13497: 13485: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13415: 13412: 13411: 13395: 13392: 13391: 13389:reductive group 13384: 13369:quasi-separated 13358: 13345: 13331:quasi-separated 13315: 13311: 13310:quasi-separated 13299: 13267: 13264: 13263: 13245: 13241: 13230: 13219: 13212: 13184: 13180: 13172: 13155: 13150: 13132: 13111:Pseudoreductive 13107: 13073: 13069: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13034: 13031: 13030: 12998: 12995: 12994: 12986: 12958: 12946: 12912: 12908: 12894: 12888: 12887: 12886: 12885: 12881: 12864: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12841: 12806: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12667: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12653: 12636: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12626: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12550: 12536: 12535: 12531: 12525: 12520: 12519: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12497: 12494: 12493: 12470: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12404: 12383: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12344: 12340: 12322: 12318: 12303: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12293: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12269: 12252: 12246: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12179:of schemes, an 12152: 12149: 12148: 12140: 12128: 12120: 12084: 12075: 12074: 12068: 12064: 12058: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12048: 12025: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12012:geometric fiber 11979: 11976: 11975: 11946: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11917: 11914: 11913: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11795: 11779: 11776: 11775: 11751: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11715: 11712: 11711: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11655:geometric point 11635: 11632: 11631: 11615: 11612: 11611: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11524:are threefold: 11508: 11505: 11504: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11466: 11454: 11423: 11418: 11394: 11391: 11390: 11378: 11358: 11334: 11326: 11311: 11303: 11285: 11264: 11259: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11238: 11189: 11185: 11180: 11151: 11147: 11123: 11119: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11078: 11058: 11027: 11023: 11018: 11000: 10999: 10987: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10943: 10939: 10934: 10928: 10924: 10918: 10913: 10897: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10887: 10840: 10834: 10833: 10832: 10823: 10819: 10814: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10792: 10791: 10787: 10778: 10777: 10768: 10764: 10758: 10754: 10749: 10741: 10738: 10737: 10713: 10676: 10671: 10670: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10627: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10568: 10563: 10562: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10533: 10521: 10514:nef line bundle 10509: 10504: 10481: 10477: 10468: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10441: 10437: 10422: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10380: 10377: 10376: 10354: 10334: 10329: 10322:Kollár, János, 10321: 10305: 10300: 10282: 10270: 10265: 10244: 10240: 10225: 10221: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10191: 10183: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10114: 10092: 10080: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10070: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10045: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10007: 10003: 9991: 9979: 9972:valuation rings 9959: 9943: 9924: 9905: 9902: 9901: 9864: 9849: 9822: 9815: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9785: 9766:local in nature 9761: 9756:/vector bundle. 9749: 9738: 9737:level structure 9726: 9721: 9707: 9695: 9664: 9652: 9640: 9635: 9601: 9598: 9597: 9582: 9577: 9532: 9522:is irreducible 9501: 9450: 9429: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9409: 9397: 9358: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9324: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9266: 9262: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9236: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9190: 9184: 9063: 9032: 9006: 9002: 8997: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8940: 8934: 8921: 8897: 8893: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8859: 8826: 8820: 8819: 8818: 8810: 8807: 8806: 8794: 8789: 8779: 8763: 8748: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8614: 8595: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8529: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8471: 8465: 8461: 8456: 8453: 8452: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8404: 8372: 8369: 8368: 8348: 8344: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8277: 8273: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8239: 8233: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8217: 8208:is (roughly) a 8201: 8181: 8158: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8127: 8115: 8111: 8099: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8073: 8065: 8064:geometric point 8037: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8011: 8007: 7989: 7984: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7945:geometric genus 7940: 7939:geometric genus 7907: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7857: 7841: 7833: 7825: 7790: 7784: 7760: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7698: 7697: 7682: 7678: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7654: 7653: 7646: 7632: 7599: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7555: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7514:parametrizes a 7507: 7467: 7446:. The morphism 7421: 7415: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7305: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7251: 7247: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7156: 7144: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7071: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 6984: 6972: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6899: 6895: 6888:finite morphism 6871: 6868: 6867: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6800: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777:such that each 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6715: 6711: 6688: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6615: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6523: 6500: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6422: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6274: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6210: 6206: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6152: 6119: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6011: 5999: 5991: 5978: 5934: 5929: 5928: 5901: 5897: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5857: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5824: 5783: 5779: 5767: 5763: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5658: 5636: 5629: 5620:canonical sheaf 5590: 5586: 5568: 5564: 5546: 5542: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5484:dualizing sheaf 5471: 5470:dualizing sheaf 5459: 5422:, if the image 5403: 5399: 5375: 5360: 5336: 5309: 5285: 5281: 5263: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5178: 5174: 5159: 5155: 5145: 5140: 5125: 5121: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5097: 5065: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5017: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4913: 4860: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4807:over a variety 4780: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4713: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4682: 4661: 4657: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4589: 4577: 4565: 4500: 4493:algebraic curve 4488: 4482: 4463: 4437: 4426:sheaf of ideals 4400: 4395: 4394: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4243: 4226:An analog of a 4223: 4187:here for curves 4098: 4095: 4094: 4087:Elliptic curves 4064: 4061: 4060: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3936: 3886: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3865: 3857: 3845: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3706: 3680:Cartier divisor 3675: 3664:canonical model 3659: 3658:canonical model 3652:canonical sheaf 3623: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3589: 3585: 3573: 3569: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3525: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3513:canonical class 3480: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3437: 3432: 3422: 3418: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3388:canonical sheaf 3383: 3371: 3366: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3287: 3286: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3227: 3226: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3168: 3156: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3110: 3106: 3076: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3051:big line bundle 3046: 3023: 2995: 2990: 2980: 2973:algebraic stack 2968: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2912: 2908: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2877: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2828: 2816: 2809:integral domain 2792: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2753: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2670: 2659:algebraic space 2654: 2653:algebraic space 2622: 2619: 2618: 2606: 2598: 2587:algebraic group 2582: 2581:algebraic group 2559:. See also the 2552: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2494: 2448: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2354: 2350: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2243: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2212: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2174: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062:abelian variety 2057: 2052: 2030: 2004: 1989: 1983: 1959: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1823: 1819: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1735: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1641: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1599: 1568: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1533: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1497: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325:-divisor, then 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1169: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1132: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1012: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 969: 963: 962: 961: 959: 956: 955: 944: 916: 910: 909: 908: 906: 903: 902: 882: 876: 875: 874: 872: 869: 868: 843: 837: 836: 835: 827: 824: 823: 807: 782: 764: 758: 753: 750: 749: 730: 720:Cartier divisor 667: 661: 660: 659: 639: 631: 623: 621: 618: 617: 594: 533: 527: 526: 525: 517: 511: 510: 509: 508: 504: 484: 481: 480: 459: 453: 452: 451: 449: 446: 445: 406: 400: 399: 398: 390: 384: 383: 382: 381: 377: 357: 354: 353: 336: 330: 329: 328: 326: 323: 322: 292: 286: 285: 284: 282: 279: 278: 267: 240: 225: 222: 221: 217: 212: 211: 210: 209: 70: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20460: 20450: 20449: 20444: 20439: 20425: 20424: 20422:List of curves 20419: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20394: 20387: 20384: 20383: 20382: 20375: 20369: 20361: 20348: 20326: 20284: 20242: 20200: 20158: 20116: 20074: 20032: 19990: 19977: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19939: 19922: 19910: 19898: 19886: 19865: 19853: 19841: 19826: 19814: 19802: 19790: 19769: 19757: 19745: 19724: 19712: 19691: 19670: 19649: 19628: 19613: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19555: 19554: 19547: 19544: 19540: 19537: 19536: 19535: 19528: 19525: 19523: 19516: 19513: 19511: 19508: 19505: 19501: 19498: 19497: 19496: 19471:A line bundle 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19458: 19454: 19451: 19450: 19449: 19420: 19414: 19408: 19405: 19402: 19396: 19390: 19385: 19379: 19373: 19370: 19367: 19364: 19361: 19358: 19352: 19327: 19324: 19321: 19315: 19290: 19268: 19248: 19218: 19196: 19193: 19190: 19184: 19159: 19135: 19132: 19129: 19123: 19117: 19112: 19107: 19102: 19098: 19094: 19089: 19065: 19062: 19059: 19056: 19053: 19050: 19044: 19019: 18995: 18992: 18989: 18983: 18977: 18972: 18969: 18966: 18963: 18960: 18957: 18951: 18945: 18940: 18936: 18915: 18895: 18884: 18881: 18879: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18849: 18843: 18837: 18832: 18826: 18820: 18817: 18791: 18788: 18785: 18779: 18773: 18768: 18762: 18733: 18727: 18713: 18663:moduli functor 18659: 18656: 18652: 18649: 18648: 18647: 18633: 18628: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18584: 18581: 18579: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18532: 18529: 18526: 18523: 18518: 18512: 18489: 18486: 18483: 18478: 18472: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18435: 18432: 18428: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18364: 18361: 18355: 18349: 18346: 18319: 18314: 18311: 18307: 18282: 18279: 18273: 18270: 18236: 18233: 18230: 18227: 18224: 18200: 18197: 18191: 18188: 18182: 18179: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18140: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18107: 18085: 18081: 18078: 18060: 18048: 18028: 18025: 18022: 18012:Borel subgroup 17995: 17975: 17964: 17952: 17930: 17927: 17924: 17920: 17897: 17894: 17891: 17887: 17864: 17861: 17858: 17854: 17849: 17843: 17839: 17818: 17798: 17795: 17792: 17789: 17784: 17780: 17776: 17773: 17770: 17765: 17761: 17757: 17752: 17748: 17744: 17741: 17714: 17694: 17676: 17656: 17636: 17633: 17630: 17606: 17586: 17572: 17558: 17553: 17550: 17547: 17543: 17522: 17500: 17496: 17473: 17470: 17465: 17462: 17459: 17456: 17432: 17410: 17405: 17402: 17399: 17395: 17370: 17348: 17341: 17338: 17333: 17330: 17326: 17303: 17300: 17275: 17272: 17267: 17242: 17222: 17211: 17199: 17179: 17159: 17139: 17117: 17114: 17092: 17072: 17052: 17032: 17018: 17015: 17013: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16977: 16974: 16971: 16968: 16965: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16943: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16900: 16897: 16890: 16886: 16882: 16863: 16840: 16839: 16838: 16826: 16820: 16817: 16811: 16808: 16784: 16781: 16775: 16772: 16766: 16763: 16760: 16756: 16753: 16750: 16747: 16741: 16737: 16733: 16730: 16723: 16720: 16714: 16689: 16683: 16680: 16674: 16671: 16644: 16641: 16624: 16543:Main article: 16541:1.   16539: 16536: 16534: 16519: 16508: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16462: 16442: 16429:such that the 16418: 16409:is a morphism 16403: 16400: 16398: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16377: 16371: 16366: 16364: 16352: 16347: 16343: 16339: 16336: 16333: 16330: 16325: 16320: 16316: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16273: 16268: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16227: 16216:secant variety 16212: 16210:secant variety 16209: 16207: 16193: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16177: 16155: 16152: 16149: 16144: 16119: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16085: 16069: 16066: 16063: 16060: 16057: 16054: 16051: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16020:prime spectrum 16008: 16005: 15984: 15981: 15978: 15977: 15976: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15944: 15941: 15938: 15931: 15926: 15920: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15898: 15893: 15889: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15853: 15850: 15847: 15844: 15841: 15838: 15835: 15832: 15829: 15826: 15823: 15820: 15817: 15813: 15809: 15806: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15788: 15784: 15780: 15777: 15774: 15769: 15766: 15763: 15758: 15754: 15749: 15745: 15740: 15736: 15689: 15685: 15660: 15636: 15614: 15610: 15604: 15600: 15594: 15590: 15586: 15583: 15580: 15575: 15571: 15567: 15562: 15558: 15537: 15534: 15531: 15528: 15525: 15522: 15519: 15516: 15513: 15510: 15507: 15504: 15501: 15496: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15482: 15479: 15476: 15473: 15470: 15467: 15464: 15459: 15455: 15451: 15448: 15445: 15406: 15403: 15400: 15397: 15394: 15385:. It says: if 15379: 15359: 15356: 15353: 15350: 15347: 15344: 15341: 15338: 15335: 15332: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15274: 15270: 15266: 15262: 15241: 15238: 15233: 15229: 15225: 15221: 15217: 15214: 15207: 15201: 15194: 15188: 15185: 15182: 15178: 15174: 15171: 15147: 15127: 15124: 15119: 15115: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15096: 15092: 15071: 15068: 15065: 15060: 15056: 15052: 15047: 15044: 15041: 15037: 15033: 15030: 15027: 15024: 15021: 15018: 15015: 15012: 15009: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14997: 14994: 14991: 14988: 14985: 14982: 14979: 14976: 14973: 14970: 14967: 14927: 14907: 14904: 14901: 14898: 14895: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14859: 14856: 14853: 14850: 14847: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14808: 14803: 14799: 14795: 14782:from a scheme 14771: 14768: 14765: 14745: 14742: 14739: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14689: 14665: 14659: 14652: 14646: 14629:conormal sheaf 14592: 14589: 14586: 14583: 14580: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14528:regular scheme 14524: 14521: 14519: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14493: 14490: 14468: 14445: 14442: 14437: 14416: 14410: 14407: 14402: 14398: 14393: 14389: 14364: 14344: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14310: 14290: 14287: 14284: 14279: 14273: 14250: 14247: 14244: 14222: 14219: 14216: 14210: 14196: 14184: 14181: 14178: 14175: 14172: 14163:is reduced if 14152: 14132: 14129: 14126: 14123: 14118: 14115: 14112: 14086: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14058: 14055: 14052: 14048: 14045: 14042: 14039: 14033: 14030: 14023: 14017: 14012: 14008: 14002: 13998: 13975: 13969: 13963: 13960: 13954: 13951: 13944: 13938: 13933: 13929: 13908: 13905: 13901: 13898: 13894: 13891: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13847: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13831: 13828: 13825: 13820: 13817: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13790: 13787: 13784: 13781: 13778: 13775: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13700: 13697: 13694: 13691: 13688: 13683: 13680: 13675: 13672: 13669: 13666: 13663: 13653:function field 13649: 13646: 13644: 13632: 13629: 13626: 13623: 13620: 13617: 13614: 13576: 13562: 13557: 13552: 13547: 13542: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13506: 13505: 13502:quotient stack 13498: 13496:quotient stack 13495: 13493: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13469: 13449: 13446: 13443: 13419: 13399: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13354: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13277: 13274: 13271: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13228: 13217: 13210: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13168: 13156: 13154:quasi-coherent 13153: 13149: 13146: 13145: 13144: 13133: 13131:pure dimension 13130: 13128: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13087: 13084: 13081: 13076: 13072: 13068: 13044: 13041: 13038: 13014: 13011: 13008: 13005: 13002: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12961:A morphism is 12959: 12956: 12954: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12926: 12923: 12920: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12904: 12897: 12891: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12873: 12870: 12867: 12863: 12860: 12857: 12854: 12850: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12790: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12736: 12716: 12694: 12670: 12664: 12639: 12624: 12603: 12579: 12559: 12553: 12548: 12545: 12542: 12539: 12534: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12467: 12455: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12418:over a scheme 12412: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12386: 12382: 12361: 12358: 12355: 12352: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12336: 12333: 12330: 12325: 12321: 12317: 12314: 12311: 12306: 12302: 12279: 12255: 12249: 12221: 12197: 12191: 12168: 12165: 12162: 12159: 12156: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12109:affine schemes 12096: 12091: 12088: 12083: 12071: 12067: 12061: 12057: 12036: 12033: 12028: 12024: 12014:of a morphism 12008:fiber products 11983: 11949: 11945: 11921: 11910:Yoneda's lemma 11897: 11884:, not that of 11878:generic points 11865: 11847: 11846: 11834: 11808: 11805: 11783: 11763: 11758: 11755: 11750: 11719: 11699: 11696: 11693: 11666: 11651: 11639: 11619: 11599: 11579: 11559: 11548: 11536: 11512: 11478: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11434: 11429: 11426: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11410: 11407: 11404: 11401: 11398: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351:tensor product 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11312: 11306: 11302: 11299: 11298: 11297: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11267: 11262: 11255: 11249: 11227:open subscheme 11223: 11186: 11183: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11174: 11173:is surjective. 11162: 11157: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11143: 11140: 11137: 11134: 11129: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11115: 11112: 11109: 11106: 11089:is said to be 11081:A line bundle 11079: 11076: 11074: 11061:Abbreviations 11059: 11056: 11054: 11038: 11035: 11030: 11026: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11011: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10995: 10990: 10986: 10957: 10952: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10927: 10921: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10905: 10900: 10896: 10876: 10848: 10843: 10837: 10831: 10826: 10822: 10817: 10813: 10810: 10803: 10797: 10790: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10767: 10761: 10757: 10752: 10748: 10745: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10666: 10655: 10630: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10615: 10609: 10602: 10584:is said to be 10571: 10566: 10561: 10558: 10547: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526:smooth variety 10522: 10519: 10517: 10510: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10498: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10471: 10467: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10430: 10425: 10421: 10396: 10393: 10390: 10387: 10384: 10373: 10362: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10313: 10306: 10303: 10299: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10236: 10233: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10189: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10167: 10147: 10127: 10102: 10099: 10091: 10086: 10083: 10079: 10058: 10033: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9922: 9909: 9862: 9857:affine schemes 9847: 9838:étale topology 9820: 9813: 9800: 9783: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9727: 9724: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9715: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9684: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9641: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9595:Picard variety 9583: 9580: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9530: 9508:is said to be 9502: 9499: 9497: 9463:disjoint union 9451: 9448: 9446: 9432: 9427: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9320: 9317: 9283: 9277: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9239: 9235: 9205:open immersion 9185: 9182: 9180: 9098: 9097: 9060: 9027:is the unique 9003: 9000: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8991: 8975: 8972: 8969: 8964: 8958: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8905: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8814: 8795: 8792: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8733: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8639: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8575: 8553: 8541: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8514: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8440: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8428: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8356: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8337: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8285: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8232: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8136: 8133: 8130: 8124: 8121: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8102: 8098: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8045: 8040: 8034: 8028: 8025: 8022: 8019: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7836:A dense point. 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7765:has dimension 7758: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7715: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7657:Given a curve 7655: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7577: 7535: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7424: 7418: 7391: 7388: 7385: 7380: 7374: 7358:) ⊆  7312:is a point of 7306: 7303: 7301: 7283: 7280: 7277: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7231: 7211: 7191: 7166: 7163: 7155: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7122: 7097: 7086:of finite type 7059: 7039: 7019: 6994: 6991: 6983: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6950: 6925: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6886:-module. See 6875: 6855: 6835: 6810: 6807: 6799: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6766: 6741: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6657: 6636: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6434: 6429: 6426: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6412: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6306: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6282: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6047: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6000: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971:Euler sequence 5960: 5959: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5924: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5873: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5838: 5825: 5823:Euler sequence 5822: 5820: 5813:étale topology 5800: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5732: 5712: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5663:elliptic curve 5659: 5657:elliptic curve 5656: 5654: 5637: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5623: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5576: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5495: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5388: 5371: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5325: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5266: 5262: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5204: 5192: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5136: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5049: 5034: 5020: 5016: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4938: 4934: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4709: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4538:connected ring 4503:The scheme is 4501: 4498: 4496: 4495:of degree two. 4489: 4486: 4484: 4478: 4468:coherent sheaf 4464: 4462:coherent sheaf 4461: 4459: 4442:Cohen-Macaulay 4438: 4436:Cohen–Macaulay 4435: 4433: 4423:quasi-coherent 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4302:quotient sheaf 4279: 4273: 4259:quasi-coherent 4244: 4241: 4239: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4212: 4201: 4198:Fano varieties 4194: 4171: 4156: 4123:, also called 4108: 4105: 4102: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4046: 4041: 4011: 4008: 4005: 3985: 3955:2.   3953: 3941:Classification 3939:1.   3937: 3935:classification 3934: 3932: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3763:over a scheme 3752: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3726: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3644:canonical ring 3640: 3626: 3622: 3606: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3528: 3524: 3509: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3342: 3338: 3317: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3254:such that (1) 3243: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3074:lim sup 3047: 3044: 3042: 3024: 3021: 3019: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2856: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2795: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2525: 2524: 2509: 2502:vector bundles 2492: 2474: 2471:prime spectrum 2463: 2460:affine variety 2456: 2451:1.   2449: 2446: 2444: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2317: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167:abelian scheme 2163: 2149: 2144: 2122: 2100: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2075: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2031: 2024: 2022: 2000: 1990: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1968:prime spectrum 1960: 1953: 1951: 1938: 1916: 1894: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1746:-vector space 1736: 1726: 1724: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1625:2.   1623: 1600: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1536: 1531: 1527: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1481:2.   1479: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1438:1.   1436: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1403: 1401: 1383: 1377: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1337: 1313: 1297: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1253: 1239: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1152: 1133: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1092: 1090: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1058: 1038: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1015: 1009: 997: 995: 983: 980: 977: 972: 966: 945: 933: 930: 927: 924: 919: 913: 901: 899: 885: 879: 846: 840: 834: 831: 808: 803: 801: 783: 771: 767: 761: 757: 748: 746: 735:quotient stack 731: 729: 727: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 670: 664: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 595: 588: 586: 550: 547: 544: 541: 536: 530: 520: 514: 507: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 462: 456: 434: 423: 420: 417: 414: 409: 403: 393: 387: 380: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 352:-module, then 339: 333: 306: 303: 300: 295: 289: 268: 250: 248: 241: 229: 220: 216: 213: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 71: 65: 63: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20459: 20448: 20447:Scheme theory 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20434: 20432: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20389: 20380: 20376: 20374: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20364:Kollár, János 20362: 20359: 20355: 20351: 20345: 20341: 20337: 20336: 20331: 20327: 20323: 20319: 20315: 20311: 20307: 20303: 20302: 20297: 20293: 20289: 20285: 20281: 20277: 20273: 20269: 20265: 20261: 20260: 20255: 20251: 20247: 20243: 20239: 20235: 20231: 20227: 20223: 20219: 20218: 20213: 20209: 20205: 20201: 20197: 20193: 20189: 20185: 20181: 20177: 20176: 20171: 20167: 20163: 20159: 20155: 20151: 20147: 20143: 20139: 20135: 20134: 20129: 20125: 20121: 20117: 20113: 20109: 20105: 20101: 20097: 20093: 20092: 20087: 20083: 20079: 20075: 20071: 20067: 20063: 20059: 20055: 20051: 20050: 20045: 20041: 20037: 20033: 20029: 20025: 20021: 20017: 20013: 20009: 20008: 20003: 19999: 19995: 19991: 19988: 19984: 19980: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19960: 19956: 19952: 19948: 19947: 19936: 19932: 19926: 19919: 19914: 19907: 19902: 19895: 19890: 19881: 19876: 19869: 19863: 19857: 19850: 19845: 19838: 19833: 19831: 19823: 19818: 19811: 19806: 19799: 19794: 19785: 19780: 19773: 19766: 19761: 19754: 19749: 19740: 19735: 19728: 19721: 19716: 19707: 19702: 19695: 19686: 19681: 19674: 19665: 19660: 19653: 19644: 19639: 19632: 19625: 19621: 19616: 19612: 19608: 19604: 19600: 19596: 19592: 19588: 19584: 19580: 19576: 19572: 19566: 19562: 19552: 19548: 19542: 19533: 19529: 19521: 19517: 19509: 19506:weakly normal 19503: 19494: 19490: 19486: 19482: 19478: 19475:on a variety 19474: 19470: 19462: 19456: 19447: 19443: 19439: 19436: 19412: 19406: 19403: 19400: 19377: 19368: 19362: 19359: 19356: 19325: 19322: 19319: 19266: 19246: 19238: 19234: 19233: 19216: 19194: 19191: 19188: 19133: 19130: 19127: 19096: 19092: 19060: 19054: 19051: 19048: 18993: 18990: 18987: 18967: 18961: 18958: 18955: 18943: 18934: 18913: 18893: 18885: 18877: 18873: 18869: 18847: 18830: 18818: 18815: 18807: 18789: 18786: 18783: 18771: 18766: 18749: 18731: 18714: 18711: 18707: 18703: 18699: 18695: 18692:(which is an 18691: 18687: 18683: 18679: 18675: 18671: 18667: 18664: 18660: 18654: 18631: 18617: 18613: 18609: 18601: 18597: 18589: 18588:toric variety 18585: 18582:toric variety 18578: 18577:toric variety 18574: 18566: 18562: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18527: 18524: 18516: 18484: 18476: 18460: 18456: 18452: 18448: 18440: 18436: 18433:tangent space 18430: 18421: 18417: 18413: 18405: 18397: 18393: 18389: 18385: 18362: 18359: 18347: 18344: 18333: 18317: 18312: 18309: 18305: 18296: 18280: 18271: 18268: 18258: 18254: 18250: 18234: 18228: 18225: 18222: 18214: 18198: 18189: 18186: 18180: 18177: 18169: 18161: 18157: 18149: 18145: 18141: 18138: 18134: 18130: 18122: 18079: 18076: 18068: 18065: 18061: 18046: 18039:defined over 18026: 18023: 18020: 18013: 18009: 17993: 17973: 17965: 17950: 17928: 17925: 17922: 17918: 17895: 17892: 17889: 17885: 17862: 17859: 17856: 17852: 17847: 17841: 17837: 17816: 17809:defined over 17793: 17787: 17782: 17778: 17774: 17771: 17768: 17763: 17759: 17755: 17750: 17746: 17742: 17739: 17732: 17728: 17712: 17692: 17684: 17681: 17677: 17674: 17670: 17654: 17647:defined over 17634: 17631: 17628: 17620: 17604: 17584: 17577: 17573: 17556: 17551: 17548: 17545: 17541: 17520: 17498: 17494: 17468: 17463: 17460: 17457: 17454: 17446: 17430: 17408: 17403: 17400: 17397: 17393: 17384: 17368: 17346: 17336: 17331: 17328: 17324: 17298: 17270: 17265: 17256: 17240: 17220: 17212: 17197: 17177: 17157: 17137: 17112: 17090: 17070: 17050: 17030: 17023: 17019: 17011: 17007: 17003: 16999: 16995: 16969: 16966: 16963: 16945: 16941: 16932: 16928: 16924: 16920: 16895: 16888: 16884: 16880: 16872: 16868: 16864: 16861: 16857: 16853: 16849: 16845: 16844:smooth scheme 16841: 16815: 16806: 16798: 16770: 16761: 16739: 16735: 16731: 16728: 16718: 16712: 16703: 16678: 16669: 16661: 16639: 16628: 16625: 16622: 16618: 16616: 16610: 16606: 16602: 16598: 16594: 16590: 16586: 16582: 16578: 16574: 16570: 16569: 16568: 16565: 16561: 16557: 16552: 16546: 16540: 16532: 16531:simple groups 16528: 16524: 16520: 16517: 16513: 16509: 16506: 16498: 16494: 16486: 16485: 16480: 16476: 16460: 16440: 16432: 16431:fiber product 16416: 16408: 16404: 16397: 16393: 16390:Serre duality 16386: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16345: 16341: 16337: 16334: 16318: 16314: 16305: 16301: 16297: 16293: 16271: 16256: 16238: 16228: 16225: 16217: 16213: 16191: 16188: 16178: 16175: 16153: 16150: 16147: 16133: 16117: 16110: 16106: 16105:ruled surface 16102: 16098: 16090: 16086: 16083: 16064: 16061: 16058: 16052: 16049: 16041: 16037: 16036:Schubert cell 16033: 16025: 16021: 16017: 16013: 16009: 16002: 16000: 15995: 15993: 15992: 15983: 15974: 15973:marked points 15970: 15966: 15958: 15942: 15939: 15929: 15918: 15914: 15909: 15896: 15891: 15878: 15874: 15870: 15851: 15848: 15845: 15842: 15836: 15830: 15827: 15824: 15815: 15811: 15804: 15799: 15795: 15786: 15782: 15778: 15775: 15764: 15756: 15752: 15747: 15738: 15734: 15725: 15721: 15717: 15713: 15709: 15705: 15687: 15683: 15674: 15658: 15650: 15634: 15612: 15608: 15602: 15598: 15592: 15584: 15581: 15573: 15569: 15565: 15560: 15556: 15529: 15523: 15520: 15517: 15511: 15505: 15502: 15494: 15490: 15486: 15480: 15474: 15471: 15468: 15462: 15457: 15453: 15446: 15443: 15436: 15432: 15428: 15424: 15420: 15404: 15398: 15395: 15392: 15384: 15380: 15377: 15373: 15357: 15354: 15351: 15348: 15345: 15342: 15336: 15330: 15322: 15318: 15315:computes the 15314: 15310: 15306: 15302: 15298: 15290: 15272: 15268: 15264: 15239: 15231: 15227: 15223: 15212: 15205: 15192: 15186: 15183: 15180: 15176: 15172: 15169: 15161: 15145: 15125: 15122: 15117: 15113: 15107: 15103: 15099: 15094: 15090: 15066: 15063: 15058: 15054: 15045: 15042: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15025: 15022: 15016: 15010: 15007: 14998: 14992: 14989: 14986: 14983: 14980: 14974: 14968: 14965: 14957: 14953: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14925: 14905: 14899: 14896: 14893: 14885: 14877: 14873: 14857: 14851: 14848: 14845: 14838: 14834: 14830: 14826: 14806: 14801: 14797: 14793: 14785: 14769: 14763: 14743: 14737: 14729: 14721: 14717: 14713: 14705: 14663: 14650: 14634: 14630: 14626: 14622: 14618: 14614: 14610: 14606: 14590: 14584: 14581: 14578: 14571: 14567: 14558: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14541: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14517: 14513: 14488: 14466: 14440: 14435: 14405: 14400: 14391: 14387: 14378: 14362: 14355:over a field 14342: 14335: 14332: 14328: 14308: 14285: 14277: 14248: 14245: 14242: 14220: 14217: 14214: 14197: 14179: 14173: 14170: 14150: 14127: 14121: 14113: 14100: 14084: 14076: 14056: 14053: 14050: 14046: 14043: 14040: 14031: 14028: 14010: 14006: 14000: 13996: 13973: 13961: 13952: 13949: 13931: 13927: 13906: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13889: 13881: 13877: 13873: 13865: 13864:twisted cubic 13861: 13840: 13836: 13832: 13829: 13826: 13823: 13818: 13815: 13812: 13808: 13804: 13799: 13795: 13782: 13779: 13776: 13769: 13764: 13749: 13734: 13730: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13695: 13689: 13686: 13681: 13678: 13673: 13667: 13661: 13654: 13650: 13630: 13621: 13615: 13612: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13594: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13560: 13550: 13545: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13518: 13512: 13503: 13499: 13491: 13487: 13467: 13460:defined over 13447: 13444: 13441: 13433: 13417: 13397: 13390: 13386: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13366: 13361: 13357: 13352: 13348: 13343: 13342: 13338: 13333: 13332: 13326: 13322: 13318: 13313: 13305: 13301: 13293: 13292: 13275: 13272: 13269: 13261: 13260:finite fibers 13256: 13252: 13248: 13244:The morphism 13243: 13235: 13234:quasi-compact 13231: 13224: 13220: 13213: 13206: 13202: 13201: 13200:quasi-compact 13195: 13191: 13187: 13182: 13179:quasi-compact 13174: 13171: 13167: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13126: 13123: 13120: 13116: 13112: 13109: 13101: 13098:has property 13085: 13079: 13074: 13070: 13066: 13058: 13042: 13036: 13028: 13012: 13006: 13003: 13000: 12992: 12988: 12980: 12979: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12965: 12960: 12952: 12948: 12940: 12924: 12913: 12909: 12902: 12895: 12882: 12861: 12855: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12788: 12766: 12761: 12734: 12714: 12668: 12627: 12620: 12619: 12601: 12593: 12577: 12557: 12532: 12526: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12492: 12488: 12487: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12468: 12453: 12445: 12440: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12410: 12406: 12384: 12380: 12359: 12356: 12350: 12345: 12341: 12334: 12328: 12323: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12304: 12300: 12253: 12237: 12195: 12166: 12160: 12157: 12154: 12146: 12142: 12134: 12130: 12122: 12114: 12110: 12086: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12034: 12022: 12013: 12009: 12005: 12004:inverse image 12001: 11997: 11981: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11947: 11943: 11935: 11919: 11911: 11895: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11863: 11855: 11851: 11832: 11824: 11803: 11781: 11753: 11733: 11717: 11694: 11664: 11656: 11652: 11637: 11617: 11597: 11577: 11557: 11549: 11534: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11510: 11500: 11496: 11492: 11476: 11468: 11460: 11456: 11448: 11427: 11424: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11408: 11399: 11396: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11360: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11328: 11320: 11318: 11313: 11309: 11304: 11295: 11291: 11287: 11265: 11253: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11187: 11181: 11155: 11152: 11148: 11144: 11141: 11127: 11124: 11116: 11113: 11110: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11085:on a variety 11084: 11080: 11072: 11068: 11064: 11060: 11052: 11028: 11024: 11019: 11015: 11009: 11006: 10993: 10988: 10984: 10975: 10971: 10950: 10947: 10944: 10940: 10935: 10929: 10925: 10914: 10910: 10903: 10898: 10894: 10885: 10881: 10877: 10874: 10873:normal bundle 10870: 10866: 10862: 10841: 10829: 10824: 10820: 10815: 10811: 10801: 10788: 10784: 10774: 10769: 10759: 10755: 10750: 10746: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10707: 10703: 10702:normal scheme 10699: 10695: 10677: 10667: 10664: 10656: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10621: 10613: 10591: 10587: 10569: 10559: 10556: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10527: 10523: 10515: 10511: 10505: 10482: 10478: 10474: 10469: 10465: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10431: 10428: 10423: 10419: 10410: 10394: 10388: 10385: 10382: 10374: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10360: 10356: 10348: 10345:aiming to do 10344: 10340: 10336: 10328: 10325: 10318: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10292: 10288: 10284: 10276: 10275:log structure 10272: 10269:log structure 10245: 10241: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10222: 10218: 10210: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10185: 10165: 10145: 10125: 10097: 10084: 10081: 10077: 10056: 10031: 10023: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10006:The morphism 10005: 9997: 9993: 9985: 9981: 9973: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9907: 9899: 9895: 9894:separatedness 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9869: 9866:. A property 9865: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9830:Zariski-local 9827: 9823: 9816: 9798: 9790: 9786: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9755: 9751: 9748:linearization 9744: 9740: 9732: 9731:Lelong number 9728: 9725:Lelong number 9722: 9713: 9709: 9706:Kuranishi map 9701: 9697: 9689: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9612: 9606: 9603: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9568: 9563: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9528: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9503: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9476: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9430: 9415: 9411: 9403: 9399: 9391: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9281: 9267: 9263: 9254: 9242: 9233: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9095: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9079: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9061: 9058: 9054: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9004: 8998: 8989: 8970: 8962: 8946: 8942: 8931: 8927: 8926:hyperelliptic 8923: 8920:hyperelliptic 8898: 8894: 8890: 8887: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8835: 8827: 8812: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8781: 8778:group variety 8773: 8769: 8765: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8731: 8725: 8722: 8719: 8713: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8684: 8680: 8661: 8658: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8631: 8620: 8616: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8589: 8542: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8512: 8507: 8495: 8490: 8480: 8466: 8462: 8438: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8409:good quotient 8406: 8403:good quotient 8386: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8349: 8345: 8338: 8335: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8303: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8264: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8230: 8223: 8219: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8100: 8096: 8087: 8083: 8080:over a field 8079: 8075: 8067: 8059: 8038: 8026: 8023: 8017: 8012: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7990: 7985: 7977: 7974: 7965: 7962: 7954: 7951:of dimension 7950: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7898: 7895: 7886: 7883: 7880: 7874: 7871: 7863: 7862:genus formula 7859: 7856:genus formula 7851: 7847: 7843: 7835: 7832:generic point 7827: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7741: 7707: 7694: 7691: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7647: 7638: 7637:formal scheme 7634: 7611: 7603: 7600: 7596: 7575: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7553: 7549: 7533: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7430: 7422: 7405: 7386: 7378: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7299: 7298: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7267: 7266:finite fibers 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250:The morphism 7249: 7246:finite fibers 7229: 7209: 7189: 7161: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7120: 7095: 7087: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7057: 7037: 7017: 6989: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6948: 6923: 6915: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898:The morphism 6897: 6889: 6873: 6853: 6833: 6805: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6764: 6739: 6731: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714:The morphism 6713: 6671: 6655: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6589: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6527: 6524: 6517: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6438: 6432: 6427: 6416: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6371:is a triple ( 6370: 6354: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6304: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6273:fiber product 6268: 6264: 6245: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6195: 6191: 6190:residue field 6172: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6137: 6131: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6107: 6103: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6067: 6045: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5984: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5967:tangent sheaf 5964: 5946: 5943: 5935: 5925: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5902: 5894: 5884: 5858: 5836: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5798: 5790: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5746: 5730: 5710: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5684: 5676: 5669:of genus one. 5668: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5630: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5591: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5518: 5509: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5306: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5264: 5260: 5251: 5248:over a field 5235: 5232: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5165: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5005:special fiber 5002: 4999: 4998:generic fiber 4981: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4954: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4892: 4889: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4794: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4774: 4766: 4762: 4759:' (typically 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4717: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4693: 4684: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4635: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4532:possesses no 4531: 4527: 4524:is connected 4523: 4520: 4519:affine scheme 4516: 4512: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4401: 4388: 4384: 4378: 4363: 4360: 4349: 4345: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4277: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4175:singularities 4172: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4044: 4029: 4025: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3951: 3950:moduli spaces 3946: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3856:central fiber 3851: 3847: 3839: 3821: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3750: 3742: 3737: 3727: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3678:An effective 3677: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3624: 3620: 3611: 3607: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3544: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3481: 3476: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3438: 3433: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3394:of dimension 3393: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3358: 3340: 3336: 3315: 3292: 3289: 3277: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3241: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3091: 3088: 3077: 3063: 3060:of dimension 3059: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2947: 2944: 2936: 2921: 2913: 2905: 2902: 2891: 2888:of dimension 2887: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2781: 2750: 2747: 2736: 2727: 2724: 2716: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2680: 2677:over a field 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2616: 2613:over a field 2612: 2611:algebraic set 2608: 2605:algebraic set 2600: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2577:as well as . 2573: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2543: 2536: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2467:affine scheme 2464: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2376: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2301: 2285: 2277: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2168: 2164: 2147: 2120: 2098: 2095: 2084: 2078: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994:relative Spec 1991: 1987: 1982: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1883: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1693: 1688: 1675: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1642: 1637: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1569: 1564: 1534: 1529: 1516: 1498: 1493: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1455: 1450: 1437: 1420: 1415: 1399: 1381: 1349: 1341: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1290:normal scheme 1287: 1284: 1265: 1257: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1197: 1178: 1170: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1116: 1108: 1073: 1070: 1062: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1021: 1013: 978: 970: 954: 950: 946: 928: 925: 917: 883: 866: 862: 844: 832: 829: 821: 817: 813: 809: 806: 799: 796: 792: 788: 784: 769: 765: 759: 755: 744: 740: 736: 732: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 676: 668: 656: 653: 636: 628: 615: 611: 607: 604: 600: 596: 592: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 548: 542: 534: 518: 505: 501: 498: 492: 486: 478: 460: 443: 439: 435: 421: 415: 407: 391: 378: 374: 371: 365: 359: 337: 320: 301: 293: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 246: 245:generic point 242: 227: 218: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 72: 62: 60: 56: 51: 49: 45: 41: 37: 32: 30: 19: 20333: 20305: 20299: 20263: 20257: 20221: 20215: 20179: 20173: 20137: 20131: 20095: 20089: 20053: 20047: 20011: 20005: 19954: 19925: 19913: 19901: 19889: 19868: 19861: 19856: 19844: 19817: 19805: 19793: 19772: 19760: 19748: 19727: 19715: 19694: 19673: 19664:math/0605429 19652: 19631: 19623: 19619: 19614: 19610: 19606: 19602: 19598: 19594: 19590: 19586: 19582: 19578: 19574: 19570: 19565: 19514:Weil divisor 19492: 19488: 19484: 19476: 19472: 19237:G-unramified 19236: 19230: 18886:For a point 18805: 18747: 18701: 18697: 18693: 18689: 18685: 18681: 18677: 18669: 18665: 18454: 18395: 18391: 18387: 18331: 18294: 18252: 18212: 18133:stable curve 18120: 18007: 17726: 17672: 17669:simple group 17618: 17444: 17382: 17009: 17005: 17001: 17000:is a normal 16926: 16922: 16870: 16869:is a scheme 16866: 16859: 16851: 16850:is a scheme 16847: 16796: 16795:is a smooth 16701: 16659: 16626: 16620: 16614: 16608: 16604: 16600: 16596: 16592: 16588: 16584: 16580: 16576: 16572: 16563: 16559: 16555: 16550: 16548: 16482: 16372: 16368: 16303: 16302:on a scheme 16299: 16296:section ring 16290:section ring 16254: 16107:which is of 16081: 16039: 15997: 15989: 15986: 15723: 15719: 15715: 15711: 15710:is a point, 15707: 15430: 15426: 15422: 15418: 15375: 15371: 15320: 15308: 15304: 15300: 15287:(called the 14951: 14947: 14871: 14835:is a proper 14832: 14831:of a scheme 14783: 14703: 14632: 14624: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14551: 14547: 14543: 14539: 13875: 13859: 13716: 13712: 13602: 13598: 13592: 13587: 13583: 13579: 13376: 13372: 13368: 13364: 13359: 13355: 13350: 13346: 13340: 13336: 13335: 13329: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13291:quasi-finite 13289: 13259: 13254: 13250: 13246: 13240:quasi-finite 13226: 13222: 13215: 13208: 13204: 13198: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13169: 13165: 13159: 13140: 13136: 13113:generalizes 13099: 13056: 13029:if, for any 13026: 12990: 12976: 12968: 12962: 12938: 12837: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12814: 12810: 12781:over a ring 12622: 12617: 12484: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12423: 12419: 12236:locally free 12119:polarization 12011: 11999: 11967: 11654: 11502: 11494: 11447:Hodge number 11382: 11346: 11342: 11339:Picard group 11333:Picard group 11316: 11307: 11288:Nowadays an 11234: 11230: 11229:of a scheme 11226: 11219: 11215: 11207: 11203: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11094: 11086: 11082: 11066: 11062: 11050: 10973: 10969: 10883: 10864: 10860: 10733: 10730:normal sheaf 10725: 10721: 10717: 10705: 10697: 10694:affine cover 10651: 10647: 10589: 10585: 10537: 10408: 10320: 10315: 10310:moduli space 10202: 10198: 10187: 10021: 10016: 10012: 10008: 9970:by means of 9950:. See also: 9935: 9927: 9920: 9897: 9893: 9875: 9872:localization 9867: 9860: 9845: 9841: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9811: 9788: 9781: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9687: 9680: 9676: 9590: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9547:Affine space 9526: 9519: 9515: 9509: 9505: 9500:irreducible 9496:≠ 0) is not. 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9454: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9208: 9204: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9176: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9056: 9052: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 8929: 8928:if it has a 8871: 8864:Hodge bundle 8858:Hodge bundle 8802: 8768:group scheme 8762:group scheme 8682: 8678: 8602:extends the 8416: 8412: 8411:of a scheme 8222:GIT quotient 8216:GIT quotient 8193: 8189: 8188:of a scheme 8081: 8077: 7952: 7948: 7932: 7806: 7798: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7662: 7661:, a divisor 7658: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7512:flag variety 7506:flag variety 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7330: 7328: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7297:quasi-finite 7295: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7072: 6913: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6669: 6624:final object 6619: 6603: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6266: 6262: 6193: 6105: 6101: 6022: 6018:is a smooth 6016:Fano variety 5995: 5962: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5665:is a smooth 5648: 5633: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5507: 5479: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5384: 5382:Weil divisor 5377: 5372: 5368: 5345:ring spectra 5249: 5207: 5105: 5101: 5084:schemes, 1: 5076:. Examples: 5000: 4952: 4924:to a scheme 4917: 4912:degeneration 4812: 4808: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4542:affine space 4537: 4529: 4521: 4504: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4449: 4445: 4428: 4420: 4347: 4343: 4254: 4250: 4249:of a scheme 4246: 4170:for details. 4149:base changed 4145:number field 4141:plane curves 4124: 4120: 4091:group scheme 3920: 3916: 3912: 3869: 3848:A scheme is 3837: 3768: 3764: 3714: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685:on a scheme 3682: 3647: 3542: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3461: 3459:smooth locus 3454: 3395: 3391: 3356: 3210: 3206: 3176: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3038: 3029:generalizes 3015: 3003: 2889: 2885: 2714: 2678: 2614: 2532: 2527: 2520: 2516: 2490: 2485: 2477: 2453:Affine space 2440: 2436: 2324: 2320: 2182: 2178: 2042: 2034: 2026: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1985: 1980: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1747: 1743: 1731: 1727: 1673: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1514: 1475: 1397: 1300: 1285: 1283:Weil divisor 1235: 1231: 1195: 1148: 1144: 1136: 864: 860: 819: 815: 811: 804: 797: 790: 789:of a scheme 787:GIT quotient 742: 738: 723: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 613: 609: 605: 603:Weil divisor 590: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 476: 441: 437: 318: 271: 263: 259: 255: 251: 58: 54: 52: 33: 28: 26: 19569:Proof: Let 18866:universally 18612:split torus 18500:; that is, 18119:. The term 17443:is said to 17383:split torus 16383:. See also 15311:, then the 14730:A morphism 14720:affine line 14635:, that is, 14506:is trivial. 13719:. See also 13490:Quot scheme 13484:Quot scheme 13432:quasi-split 13383:quasi-split 13314:A morphism 13183:A morphism 12834:global Proj 12372:(in short, 11445:. See also 10880:normal cone 10728:, then the 10520:nonsingular 10138:where each 9539:irreducible 9535:prime ideal 9511:irreducible 8924:A curve is 7777:. One says 7773:has degree 7526:A morphism 7202:where each 7030:where each 6002:Related to 5685:A morphism 5402:A morphism 5380:) for some 5347:instead of 5341:commutative 4920:is said to 4696:deformation 4534:idempotents 4513:refine the 2967:Artin stack 2513:affine cone 2228:, then the 1880:Q-factorial 616:; that is, 61:-morphism. 20431:Categories 19944:References 19685:1503.02309 19643:1509.05576 19593:such that 19481:very ample 19467:very ample 19232:unramified 19078:, and let 18882:unramified 18696:-point of 17083:. Usually 17004:-variety ( 16921:A divisor 16913:is smooth. 16525:there are 15673:Todd class 15435:Chow group 14870:such that 13919:such that 13874:A variety 13605:-morphism 13367:is called 13328:is called 13197:is called 12985:property P 12652:such that 12486:projective 12483:is called 12403:projective 11886:André Weil 11495:a fortiori 11387:plurigenus 11377:plurigenus 10291:ind-scheme 10287:loop group 10281:loop group 10204:noetherian 10195:Noetherian 10122:Spec  10094:Spec  10053:Spec  9402:ind-scheme 9396:ind-scheme 9188:Immersions 9080:such that 9031:subscheme 8528:Gorenstein 8451:such that 7350:such that 7186:Spec  7158:Spec  7117:Spec  7014:Spec  6986:Spec  6945:Spec  6830:Spec  6802:Spec  6761:Spec  6608:2-commutes 6541:such that 6317:given for 5510:such that 5416:is called 5359:divisorial 5108:such that 4922:degenerate 4028:birational 3945:invariants 3919:(group of 3874:Chow group 3864:Chow group 3771:such that 3500:of degree 3370:Calabi–Yau 2807:is not an 1856:) and its 867:copies of 205:References 27:This is a 19880:1302.0385 19784:1410.1716 19739:1409.1169 19706:0704.2030 19605:and then 19389:→ 19101:# 18976:→ 18944:: 18939:# 18836:→ 18816:π 18672:, then a 18657:universal 18525:− 18388:subscheme 18382:subscheme 18363:~ 18354:↪ 18348:~ 18310:− 18278:→ 18272:~ 18232:→ 18196:→ 18190:~ 18178:π 18024:⊆ 17775:⊃ 17772:… 17769:⊃ 17756:⊃ 17680:connected 17632:⊆ 17472:¯ 17464:⊆ 17458:⊆ 17340:¯ 17302:¯ 17274:¯ 17116:¯ 16967:− 16899:¯ 16885:× 16819:¯ 16774:¯ 16736:× 16722:¯ 16682:¯ 16643:¯ 16401:separated 16329:Γ 16324:∞ 16315:⊕ 16229:⊂ 16179:∈ 16168:for some 16053:⁡ 15897:⁡ 15843:− 15831:⁡ 15800:∗ 15779:− 15739:∗ 15735:π 15688:∗ 15684:π 15613:∗ 15609:π 15582:− 15570:∑ 15557:π 15524:⁡ 15518:⋅ 15506:⁡ 15495:∗ 15491:π 15475:⁡ 15469:⋅ 15454:π 15447:⁡ 15402:→ 15393:π 15349:− 15331:χ 15289:different 15261:Ω 15220:Ω 15213:⁡ 15184:∈ 15177:∑ 15146:∼ 15108:∗ 15104:π 15100:∼ 15064:− 15043:∈ 15036:∑ 15023:− 14999:π 14993:⁡ 14981:− 14926:π 14903:→ 14894:π 14855:→ 14846:π 14798:× 14767:→ 14741:→ 14588:↪ 14516:reflexive 14492:¯ 14444:¯ 14409:¯ 14331:connected 14325:reductive 14246:⊂ 14174:⁡ 14054:≥ 14011:∗ 13932:∗ 13904:→ 13830:⋯ 13816:− 13789:↦ 13755:→ 13687:⁡ 13682:→ 13628:→ 13616:⁡ 13445:⊆ 13273:∈ 13164:sheaf of 13119:connected 13115:reductive 13083:→ 13071:× 13040:→ 13010:→ 12914:∨ 12903:⁡ 12628:-Algebra 12533:× 12451:→ 12385:∗ 12357:⊗ 12346:∗ 12324:∗ 12316:⊗ 12305:∗ 12164:→ 12090:¯ 12066:× 12060:′ 12032:→ 12027:′ 11932:with the 11852:that are 11807:¯ 11757:¯ 11503:point of 11469:A scheme 11425:⊗ 11416:ω 11403:Γ 11400:⁡ 11153:⊗ 11136:Γ 11133:→ 11125:⊗ 11105:Γ 10994:⁡ 10920:∞ 10911:⊕ 10904:⁡ 10770:∗ 10668:⊂ 10646:if it is 10560:⊂ 10429:∘ 10392:→ 10324:Chapter 1 10235:∪ 10227:∞ 10178:-algebra. 10082:− 9930:denote a 9908:∪ 9890:nilpotent 9799:∪ 9607:⁡ 9504:A scheme 9353:⁡ 9319:⁡ 9268:∗ 9260:→ 9238:♯ 9183:immersion 8895:ω 8882:Γ 8813:χ 8754:concerns 8723:× 8702:⋅ 8659:− 8467:∗ 8436:→ 8384:⁡ 8339:⁡ 8313:⁡ 8268:⁡ 8132:⁡ 8120:⁡ 8113:× 8086:geometric 8018:⁡ 8005:⁡ 7982:Ω 7969:Γ 7966:⁡ 7919:δ 7916:− 7899:− 7884:− 7676:⊂ 7601:− 7279:∈ 7242:-algebra. 7146:− 6974:− 6790:− 6590:ψ 6587:∘ 6581:β 6566:α 6557:∘ 6550:ψ 6521:→ 6512:β 6498:→ 6489:α 6470:, ψ) to ( 6428:∼ 6425:→ 6352:→ 6334:→ 6296:× 6208:× 6147:∈ 6121:− 6085:→ 6060:is ample. 6043:− 6034:ω 5941:→ 5923:→ 5903:⊕ 5866:→ 5840:→ 5777:→ 5592:∗ 5562:≃ 5556:ω 5553:⊗ 5548:∨ 5526:− 5494:ω 5298:⁡ 5279:∈ 5265:∗ 5233:⁡ 5227:→ 5183:− 5127:⊗ 5116:χ 5070:dimension 5064:dimension 5048:π 4972:→ 4963:π 4890:≤ 4869:⁡ 4855:∈ 4792:→ 4711:→ 4659:ω 4646:ω 4640:∗ 4612:→ 4528:the ring 4506:connected 4499:connected 4261:sheaf of 4104:≥ 3973:by their 3927:) modulo 3810:− 3796:∗ 3748:→ 3587:ω 3473:Ω 3430:Ω 3424:∗ 3407:ω 3382:canonical 3316:π 3293:~ 3284:↪ 3267:− 3263:π 3239:→ 3233:~ 3221:π 3190:⊂ 3095:Γ 3092:⁡ 3084:∞ 3081:→ 3035:Frobenius 2945:− 2922:χ 2903:− 2782:⊗ 2751:⁡ 2737:× 2728:⁡ 2692:⁡ 2628:⁡ 2572:0909.0069 2266:⊗ 2257:ω 2241:ω 2210:ω 2197:ω 2005:-algebra 1950:-Cartier. 1825:∗ 1814:⁡ 1805:⁡ 1778:⁡ 1705:⁡ 1685:Ω 1654:⁡ 1634:Ω 1581:⁡ 1561:Ω 1526:Ω 1490:Ω 1447:Ω 1412:Ω 1294:reflexive 1209:⁡ 1071:− 926:− 648:Γ 506:⊗ 475:-module ( 379:⊗ 228:η 34:See also 20386:See also 20332:(1977), 20294:(1967). 20252:(1966). 20210:(1965). 20168:(1964). 20126:(1963). 20084:(1961). 20042:(1961). 20000:(1960). 19953:(1998), 19860:Q. Liu, 17683:solvable 16575:∈ 16571:for any 16558: : 16475:diagonal 16473:has its 16030:Schubert 15963:rigidify 15647:means a 15158:means a 14954:and the 14716:morphism 14073:reduced 14032:′ 13953:′ 13900:′ 13521:rational 13515:rational 13319: : 13249: : 13207:by some 13188: : 13173:-modules 12474: : 12268:-module 12210:-module 11710:, where 11657:, where 11527:a point 11290:orbifold 11284:orbifold 11193: : 10642:. It is 10353:morphism 10011: : 9817:, every 9698:See the 9455:integral 9449:integral 9194: : 9151:). When 9127:, so if 9067: : 9036: : 9010: : 7824:G-bundle 7559: : 7552:flat map 7471: : 7255: : 7075: : 6903: : 6719: : 6620:relative 6604:does not 6553:′ 6528:′ 6505:′ 6279:pullback 6235:, where 5998:-regular 5690: : 5419:dominant 5407: : 5398:dominant 5082:Artinian 5060:is flat. 4718:′ 4582:Cox ring 4576:Cox ring 4483:-module. 4160:surfaces 4024:rational 3965:over an 3957:Complete 3850:catenary 3844:catenary 3836:for all 2979:artinian 1750:; i.e., 200:See also 20358:0463157 20322:0238860 20280:0217086 20238:0199181 20196:0173675 20154:0163911 20112:0217085 20070:0217084 20028:0217083 19987:1644323 19920:, 1.2.1 19851:, 4.2.5 19839:, §II.3 19824:, 4.2.1 19520:divisor 19459:variety 19235:(resp. 18547:theorem 18402:surface 18257:blow-up 16931:special 16917:special 16856:regular 16613:affine 15425:and if 14560:is not. 14522:regular 14099:reduced 12951:#normal 12832:is the 12616:global 11882:Zariski 11369:of the 11365:is the 10869:regular 10260:is not. 9886:reduced 9787:, i.e. 9570:is not. 9390:reduced 9088:, then 8866:on the 7781:has a g 7769:+1 and 4588:crepant 4522:Spec(R) 4458:is not. 4300:of the 4298:support 4232:torsors 3840:> 0. 3674:Cartier 3666:is the 3173:blow-up 3167:blow-up 2484:global 2056:abelian 1996:of the 1849:of the 1672:is the 1513:is the 317:and if 20356:  20346:  20320:  20278:  20236:  20194:  20152:  20110:  20068:  20026:  19985:  19975:  19896:, II.4 19767:, §1.6 19755:, §1.4 19435:finite 19008:. Let 18418:. See 18247:, the 18127:stable 18097:resp. 16617:-space 16537:smooth 16503:simple 16109:degree 16095:scroll 16080:where 16012:scheme 16006:scheme 15971:resp. 15871:Every 15702:is an 15548:where 15193:length 15138:where 14876:smooth 14540:Spec k 13601:is an 13232:) are 13216:Spec B 13122:smooth 12964:proper 12957:proper 12817:, the 12422:is an 12234:and a 11821:is an 11794:where 11325:pencil 11208:closed 10712:normal 10539:normal 10532:normal 10457:where 10304:moduli 9998:above. 9921:Spec A 9846:Spec A 9760:local 9482:Spec A 9467:Spec k 9414:torsor 9029:closed 8677:where 7931:where 7757:is a g 7631:formal 6730:finite 6710:finite 6379:, ψ), 6068:Given 5961:where 5645:scheme 5482:, the 5440:Spec B 5436:Spec A 5351:; see 5096:degree 4747:is an 4446:Spec k 4296:. The 4294:ideals 4242:closed 4133:degree 4127:. See 4059:. (b) 3996:. (a) 3963:curves 3960:smooth 3925:cycles 3453:where 3209:along 2868:. See 2504:, and 2479:affine 2447:affine 2391:where 2232:says: 1614:along 1288:(on a 1139:is an 793:by an 444:is an 321:is an 42:, and 19875:arXiv 19779:arXiv 19734:arXiv 19701:arXiv 19680:arXiv 19659:arXiv 19638:arXiv 19622:) if 19577:. If 19558:Notes 19433:is a 18606:torus 18330:. If 18160:stack 18154:stack 18121:split 18008:split 17943:over 17727:split 17445:split 17381:is a 17255:torus 17253:is a 17170:then 17016:split 16858:over 16619:over 16481:is a 16130:in a 16103:is a 16038:is a 16022:of a 16014:is a 15867:rigid 14678:when 14623:. If 14603:is a 14375:is a 13858:. If 13162:is a 13055:with 12828:) of 12000:fiber 11732:field 11730:is a 11493:, so 11489:is a 11465:point 10968:. if 10863:into 10700:is a 10696:over 10341:is a 9932:field 9123:) in 9001:image 8772:group 8367:when 8296:when 8210:stack 8206:gerbe 8200:gerbe 7840:genus 7458:. If 7406:over 7402:is a 6614:final 6479:' 6104:over 6064:fiber 5745:field 5701:étale 5681:étale 5432:dense 5430:) is 5088:, 2: 4996:with 4743:' of 4681:curve 4487:conic 4257:be a 3975:genus 3689:over 2833:ample 2827:ample 2591:group 2567:arXiv 2025:Spec( 1954:Spec( 1845:(the 1303:is a 822:. If 718:is a 601:of a 20379:book 20344:ISBN 19973:ISBN 19601:) = 19530:See 18750:and 18708:. A 18551:See 18449:The 18437:See 16583:and 16529:and 16394:See 16379:See 16294:The 16214:The 16189:> 15718:and 15651:and 15378:- 2. 15374:is 2 15162:and 14171:Spec 13988:and 13613:Spec 13590:, a 13527:and 13334:or ( 13258:has 12989:Let 12949:See 12618:Proj 12143:The 12131:See 12127:Proj 12077:Spec 11968:e.g. 11744:Spec 11687:Spec 11457:See 11385:-th 11381:The 11361:The 11337:The 11314:See 11212:open 11204:open 11184:open 10985:Spec 10895:Spec 10512:See 10337:The 10285:See 10273:See 10193:are 10186:The 9994:Cf. 9962:The 9855:and 9741:see 9729:See 9710:See 9643:The 9585:The 9564:) = 9555:Spec 9549:and 9384:but 9350:Spec 9342:and 9316:Spec 9135:and 9071:′ → 8862:The 8797:The 8617:The 8598:The 8407:The 8381:Proj 8336:Proj 8328:and 8310:Spec 8265:Spec 8220:The 8184:The 8129:Spec 8117:Spec 8084:is " 7943:The 7860:The 7844:See 7793:The 7635:See 7548:flat 7522:flat 7516:flag 7510:The 7484:(or 7362:and 7340:f(y) 7327:(or 7264:has 6681:Spec 6670:over 6010:Fano 5723:and 5639:The 5462:See 5295:Spec 5230:Spec 5068:The 5003:and 4765:flat 4700:Let 4550:Spec 4350:and 4230:for 4135:for 3872:-th 3868:The 3709:The 3668:Proj 3662:The 3464:and 3374:The 3135:> 2998:The 2880:The 2748:Spec 2725:Spec 2689:Spec 2625:Spec 2563:and 2486:Spec 2439:and 2431:are 2323:and 2011:Spec 1992:The 1978:Spec 1847:Proj 1802:Proj 1775:Proj 947:The 785:The 733:The 597:The 215:!$ @ 75:!$ @ 20310:doi 20268:doi 20226:doi 20184:doi 20142:doi 20100:doi 20058:doi 20016:doi 19963:doi 19906:EGA 19597:+ ( 19589:on 19483:if 19479:is 19444:in 19259:in 19229:is 19172:in 18906:in 18293:of 18251:of 18006:is 17725:is 17617:is 17513:to 16933:if 16929:is 16700:to 16658:of 16607:to 16587:of 16433:of 16257:in 15828:deg 15319:of 14990:deg 14938:is 14874:is 14631:of 14459:of 14097:is 13679:lim 13597:of 13430:is 13371:if 12883:Sym 12809:If 12592:EGA 12570:to 11825:of 11774:to 11610:to 11397:dim 11341:of 11067:snc 10886:is 10882:to 10867:is 10736:is 10732:to 10508:nef 10024:if 10020:is 9651:klt 9604:Pic 9524:iff 9400:An 9062:if 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20010:. 20004:. 19996:; 19983:MR 19981:, 19971:, 19961:, 19829:^ 19624:D' 19603:D' 19581:~ 19579:D' 19549:A 19279:, 18874:, 18688:→ 18610:A 18586:A 18563:, 18559:, 18555:, 18386:A 18158:A 17361:. 16996:A 16729::= 16591:, 16567:: 16562:→ 16405:A 16099:A 16050:Gr 16010:A 15994:? 15959:). 15852:1. 15671:a 15659:td 15635:ch 15627:, 15521:td 15503:ch 15472:td 15444:ch 15421:, 15323:: 15291:). 14958:: 14950:, 14827:A 14714:A 14568:A 14554:)= 14542:/( 14526:A 14329:A 14261:, 13731:A 13586:→ 13488:A 13387:A 13379:). 13349:→ 13323:→ 13302:A 13253:→ 13214:= 13192:→ 12840:: 12517::= 12478:→ 11653:a 11550:a 11497:a 11197:→ 11063:nc 10293:). 10015:→ 9900:= 9562:xy 9560:/( 9545:. 9492:, 9473:, 9198:→ 9103:, 9049:: 9040:→ 9014:→ 8766:A 8204:A 8060:.) 7848:, 7563:→ 7475:→ 7259:→ 7079:→ 6907:→ 6723:→ 6474:, 6472:x' 6466:, 6375:, 6014:A 5694:→ 5446:→ 5438:→ 5411:→ 5343:) 4866:rk 4767:). 4592:A 4544:, 4466:A 4450:xy 4448:/( 4119:. 4085:. 4022:. 3171:A 3159:A 3049:A 2819:A 2021:). 1622:.) 243:A 50:. 38:, 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2521:X 2517:X 2508:. 2493:X 2491:O 2443:. 2441:X 2437:D 2417:X 2413:K 2409:, 2404:D 2400:K 2377:D 2372:| 2367:) 2364:D 2361:+ 2356:X 2352:K 2348:( 2345:= 2340:D 2336:K 2325:D 2321:X 2316:. 2302:D 2297:| 2292:) 2289:) 2286:D 2283:( 2278:X 2272:O 2261:X 2253:( 2250:= 2245:D 2214:X 2206:, 2201:D 2183:X 2179:D 2162:. 2148:q 2143:F 2121:E 2099:n 2096:2 2091:Z 2085:/ 2079:n 2074:C 2050:A 2045:. 2043:R 2035:R 2029:) 2027:R 2019:F 2015:F 2013:( 2007:F 2002:X 1998:O 1988:) 1986:F 1984:( 1981:X 1974:. 1972:R 1964:R 1958:) 1956:R 1937:Q 1915:Q 1893:Q 1876:. 1874:V 1870:V 1868:( 1866:P 1862:V 1858:k 1854:k 1833:) 1830:) 1821:V 1817:( 1808:( 1799:= 1796:) 1793:] 1790:V 1787:[ 1784:k 1781:( 1772:= 1769:) 1766:V 1763:( 1759:P 1748:V 1744:k 1734:) 1732:V 1730:( 1728:P 1723:. 1711:) 1708:D 1699:( 1694:1 1689:X 1674:p 1660:) 1657:D 1648:( 1643:p 1638:X 1620:D 1616:D 1612:X 1604:p 1587:) 1584:D 1575:( 1570:p 1565:X 1549:. 1535:1 1530:X 1515:p 1499:p 1494:X 1478:. 1476:X 1456:1 1451:X 1421:p 1416:X 1400:. 1398:D 1382:X 1376:O 1353:) 1350:D 1347:( 1342:X 1336:O 1312:Q 1301:D 1296:. 1286:D 1269:) 1266:D 1263:( 1258:X 1252:O 1238:. 1236:X 1232:X 1218:) 1215:X 1212:( 1196:D 1182:) 1179:D 1176:( 1171:X 1165:O 1151:. 1149:D 1145:X 1137:D 1120:) 1117:D 1114:( 1109:X 1103:O 1077:) 1074:1 1068:( 1063:X 1057:O 1025:) 1022:1 1019:( 1014:X 1008:O 994:. 982:) 979:1 976:( 971:X 965:O 932:) 929:1 923:( 918:X 912:O 898:. 884:X 878:O 865:n 861:X 845:X 839:O 833:= 830:L 820:L 816:L 812:n 805:L 800:. 798:G 791:X 770:G 766:/ 760:/ 756:X 745:. 743:G 739:X 726:. 724:k 716:D 712:D 708:X 704:D 700:k 686:) 683:) 680:) 677:D 674:( 669:X 663:O 657:, 654:X 651:( 645:( 641:P 637:= 633:| 629:D 625:| 614:k 610:X 606:D 593:| 591:D 589:| 583:D 581:( 579:F 575:D 573:( 571:F 567:F 563:D 549:. 546:) 543:D 540:( 535:X 529:O 519:X 513:O 502:F 499:= 496:) 493:D 490:( 487:F 477:X 461:X 455:O 442:F 438:D 422:. 419:) 416:n 413:( 408:X 402:O 392:X 386:O 375:F 372:= 369:) 366:n 363:( 360:F 338:X 332:O 319:F 305:) 302:1 299:( 294:X 288:O 272:X 266:) 264:D 262:( 260:F 256:n 254:( 252:F 190:W 185:V 180:U 175:T 170:S 165:R 160:Q 155:P 150:O 145:N 140:M 135:L 130:K 125:J 120:I 115:H 110:G 105:F 100:E 95:D 90:C 85:B 80:A 59:S 55:S 20:)

Index

Glossary of scheme theory
glossary of commutative algebra
glossary of classical algebraic geometry
glossary of ring theory
glossary of arithmetic and Diophantine geometry
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