38:
363:
250:
47:
535:
840:
Gluconate is also used in building and construction as a concrete admixture (retarder) to slow down the cement hydration reactions, and to delay the cement setting time. It allows for a longer time to lay the concrete, or to spread the cement hydration heat over a longer period of time to avoid too
890:; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues, as well as to treat hypocalcemia in hospitalized patients. Gluconate is also an electrolyte present in certain solutions, such as "
841:
high a temperature and the resulting cracking. Retarders are mixed in to concrete when the weather temperature is high or to cast large and thick concrete slabs in successive and sufficiently well-mixed layers.
762:
Gluconic acid was first prepared by
Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose. In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated gluconic acid using the glucose fermentation.
167:
1381:
Ma, Suhua; Li, Weifeng; Zhang, Shenbiao; Ge, Dashun; Yu, Jin; Shen, Xiaodong (2015). "Influence of sodium gluconate on the performance and hydration of
Portland cement".
1549:
Roblin I.; Urban M.; Flicoteau D.; Martin C.; Pradeau D. (2006). "Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate".
1698:
548:
987:
Wong, Chun Ming; Wong, Kwun Hei; Chen, Xiao Dong (2008). "Glucose oxidase: Natural
Occurrence, Function, Properties and Industrial Applications".
1338:
Ramachandran, V.S.; Lowery, M.S. (1992). "Conduction calorimetric investigation of the effect of retarders on the hydration of
Portland cement".
1128:
Yan, Wenjuan; Zhang, Dongpei; Sun, Yu; Zhou, Ziqi; Du, Yihang; Du, Yiyao; Li, Yushan; Liu, Mengyuan; Zhang, Yuming; Shen, Jian; Jin, Xin (2020).
412:
1471:
Mycielska, ME; Mohr, MTJ; Schmidt, K; Drexler, K; Rümmele, P; Haferkamp, S; Schlitt, HJ; Gaumann, A; Adamski, J; Geissler, EK (2019).
1179:"Sustainable production of high-value gluconic acid and glucaric acid through oxidation of biomass-derived glucose: A critical review"
1522:
el Saadi M. S.; Hall A. H.; Hall P. K.; Riggs B. S.; Augenstein W. L.; Rumack B. H. (1989). "Hydrofluoric acid dermal exposure".
37:
956:
543:
46:
377:
1130:"Structural sensitivity of heterogeneous catalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis of gluconic acid from glucose"
555:
72:
1668:
1658:
1319:
Comparison of intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate versus surgical castration to sterilize male dogs
315:
245:
1303:
1673:
1246:[ to our knowledge of some types of sugars: glucose, sucrose, fructose, sorbin, phloroglucinol].
1243:
341:
207:
1628:
1282:
1683:
506:
1417:
1178:
1082:
1030:
Singh, Om V.; Kumar, Raj (2007). "Biotechnological production of gluconic acid: future implications".
662:
Gluconic acid is typically produced by the aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzyme
1663:
257:
358:
1678:
899:
1613:
The preparation of ferrous gluconate and its use in the treatment of hypochromic anelia in rats.
1693:
1653:
1083:"Manufacture of gluconic acid: A review towards process intensification for green production"
877:
59:
1688:
1429:
1347:
1244:"Zur Kenntniss einiger Zuckerarten. (Glucose, Rohrzucker, Levulose, Sorbin, Phloroglucin.)"
1190:
1094:
614:
of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate
386:
InChI=1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
324:
227:
396:
InChI=1/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
8:
1648:
935:
142:
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1433:
1351:
1194:
1098:
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187:
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1224:
1159:
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635:
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1394:
1146:
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1633:
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1504:
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1398:
1363:
1359:
1263:
1228:
1216:
1163:
1151:
1110:
1055:
1047:
1004:
887:
883:
845:
788:
671:
575:
1418:"Gluconic acid aqueous solution: A bio-based catalytic medium for organic synthesis"
1596:
1593:
Intra-Arterial
Calcium Gluconate Treatment After Hydrofluoric Acid Burn of the Hand
1578:
1558:
1494:
1484:
1437:
1390:
1355:
1322:
1255:
1206:
1198:
1141:
1102:
1067:
1039:
1016:
996:
751:
Variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using
611:
571:
495:
435:
1595:. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 32, Number 1, pages 155–158
1202:
856:
In medicine, gluconate is used most commonly as a biologically neutral carrier of
304:
930:
795:
663:
647:
643:
21:
17:
830:
824:
667:
526:
1615:
Journal of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, volume 59 issue 2, page 182.
1600:
1441:
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1043:
1000:
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1521:
1449:
1402:
1367:
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1220:
1155:
1114:
1051:
784:
651:
484:
283:
238:
1489:
1317:
Julie K. Levy, P. Cynda
Crawford, Leslie D. Appel, Emma L. Clifford (2008),
1570:
1508:
1177:
Zhang, Qiaozhi; Wan, Zhonghao; Yu, Iris K. M.; Tsang, Daniel C. W. (2021).
1059:
1008:
752:
1535:
1326:
1321:. American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 69, No. 1, Pages 140–143.
925:
891:
756:
827:, where it dissolves mineral deposits, especially in alkaline solution.
1591:
D. Thomas, U. Jaeger, I. Sagoschen, C. Lamberti and K. Wilhelm (2009),
1211:
816:
463:
258:
218:
1548:
834:
812:
806:
619:
898:
gluconate is a salt of gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for
525:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
820:
674:. The lactone spontaneously hydrolyzes to gluconic acid in water.
639:
275:
166:
903:
895:
844:
Gluconic acid aqueous solution finds application as a medium for
798:
623:
291:
913:
198:
776:
772:
615:
178:
156:
1087:
Chemical
Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification
346:
1470:
802:
780:
638:
of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain, with five
618:
occur widely in nature because such species arise from the
1081:
Pal, Parimal; Kumar, Ramesh; Banerjee, Subhamay (2016).
1331:
626:. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
276:
886:, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from
912:injections have been proposed in the past to treat
1337:
1241:
1305:Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers
1640:
1080:
303:
1176:
1127:
141:
129:
1473:"Potential Use of Gluconate in Cancer Therapy"
1248:Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft
1611:Paul Reznikoff and Walther F. Goebel (1937),
1285:[On a new fermentation of glucose].
894:", used for intravenous fluid resuscitation.
1542:
1415:
986:
642:groups positioned in the same way as in the
1515:
1380:
1416:Lim, Han Yin; Dolzhenko, Anton V. (2021).
1283:"Sur une fermentation nouvelle du glucose"
1029:
361:
248:
226:
1699:Substances discovered in the 19th century
1498:
1488:
1287:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1210:
1145:
323:
1374:
1280:
654:of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.
357:
1641:
1032:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
989:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
766:
489:131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
239:
1242:Hlasiwetz, H.; Habermann, J. (1870).
629:
389:Key: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N
206:
186:
93:)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
1383:Construction and Building Materials
399:Key: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYBY
294:
13:
1563:10.1097/01.BCR.0000245767.54278.09
1422:Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
771:Gluconic acid occurs naturally in
14:
1710:
1622:
1395:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.068
977:, Chemical Society, London, 1958.
610:in neutral aqueous solution. The
1634:ChemSub Online: D-Gluconic acid.
606:H. A white solid, it forms the
533:
447:
45:
36:
1605:
1585:
1464:
1409:
1311:
1297:
529:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1274:
1235:
1170:
1121:
1074:
1023:
980:
967:
949:
815:, and other metals, including
787:(E574), it is now known as an
453:
441:
1:
1203:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127745
1183:Journal of Cleaner Production
1147:10.1016/S1872-2067(20)63590-2
942:
657:
1360:10.1016/0040-6031(92)80081-7
1134:Chinese Journal of Catalysis
644:open-chained form of glucose
7:
919:
851:
666:. The conversion produces
650:group. It is one of the 16
10:
1715:
15:
1629:Gluconic acid on NIST.gov
1601:10.1007/s00270-008-9361-1
1442:10.1016/j.scp.2021.100443
1260:10.1002/cber.187000301162
1107:10.1016/j.cep.2016.03.009
1044:10.1007/s00253-007-0851-x
1001:10.1007/s00253-008-1407-4
961:American Chemical Society
523:
428:
408:
373:
284:(acidity regulators, ...)
113:
99:
71:
58:
53:
44:
35:
1308:. Food Standards Agency.
16:Not to be confused with
1490:10.3389/fonc.2019.00522
900:intramuscular injection
833:injections are used to
1477:Frontiers in Oncology
1327:10.2460/ajvr.69.1.140
1281:Boutroux, L. (1880).
878:electrolyte imbalance
823:. It is also used in
73:Systematic IUPAC name
973:Bjerrum, J., et al.
902:in the treatment of
794:The gluconate anion
420:O=C(O)(O)(O)(O)(O)CO
1669:Concrete admixtures
1659:Alpha hydroxy acids
1434:2021SusCP..2100443L
1352:1992TcAc..195..373R
1195:2021JCPro.31227745Z
1099:2016CEPPI.104..160P
975:Stability Constants
936:Isosaccharinic acid
767:Occurrence and uses
646:, terminating in a
496:Solubility in water
479:Colorless crystals
471: g·mol
32:
1674:E-number additives
1340:Thermochimica Acta
636:chemical structure
630:Chemical structure
592:structural formula
556:Infobox references
27:
1684:Radioactive waste
957:"D-Gluconic acid"
910:Ferrous gluconate
888:hydrofluoric acid
884:Calcium gluconate
846:organic synthesis
825:cleaning products
789:acidity regulator
672:hydrogen peroxide
576:molecular formula
564:Chemical compound
562:
561:
342:CompTox Dashboard
168:Interactive image
1706:
1664:Chelating agents
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1149:
1140:(9): 1320–1336.
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978:
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572:organic compound
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436:Chemical formula
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365:
350:
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327:
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146: (racemate)
145:
133:
65:
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40:
33:
30:
26:
1714:
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1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1703:
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1620:
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1610:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1551:J Burn Care Res
1547:
1543:
1524:Vet Hum Toxicol
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1516:
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1332:
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1302:
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1240:
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1079:
1075:
1028:
1024:
985:
981:
972:
968:
955:
954:
950:
945:
931:Glucuronic acid
922:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
807:
769:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
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718:
714:
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706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
664:glucose oxidase
660:
648:carboxylic acid
632:
608:gluconate anion
605:
601:
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589:
585:
581:
565:
558:
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552:
551: ?)
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109:
108:
95:
94:
67:
63:
31:-Gluconic acid
28:
25:
22:Glutaconic acid
18:Glucuronic acid
12:
11:
5:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1679:Food additives
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1623:External links
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1296:
1273:
1254:(1): 486–495.
1234:
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1120:
1073:
1038:(4): 713–722.
1022:
995:(6): 927–938.
979:
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940:
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933:
928:
921:
918:
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831:Zinc gluconate
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668:gluconolactone
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595:
590:and condensed
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105:Dextronic acid
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66:-Gluconic acid
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1694:Vicinal diols
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1654:Acids in wine
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1557:(6): 889–94.
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652:stereoisomers
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568:Gluconic acid
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1530:(3): 243–7.
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1299:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1035:
1031:
1025:
992:
988:
982:
974:
969:
960:
951:
908:
892:plasmalyte a
882:
855:
843:
839:
829:
793:
770:
761:
753:fermentation
750:
661:
633:
607:
567:
566:
510:
329:
208:ChEMBL464345
135:
114:Identifiers
100:Other names
90:
86:
82:
78:
1689:Sugar acids
1389:: 138–144.
1346:: 373–387.
1212:10397/97377
1093:: 160–171.
926:Uronic acid
837:male dogs.
817:lanthanides
759:catalysis.
757:noble metal
476:Appearance
429:Properties
246:100.007.639
188:CHEBI:33198
1649:Gluconates
1643:Categories
1428:: 100443.
1293:: 236–238.
1189:: 127745.
943:References
658:Production
464:Molar mass
325:R4R8J0Q44B
219:ChemSpider
155:3D model (
121:CAS Number
60:IUPAC name
1458:235547468
1450:2352-5541
1403:0950-0618
1368:0040-6031
1268:1099-0682
1229:236243315
1221:0959-6526
1164:218970877
1156:1872-2067
1115:0255-2701
1052:1432-0614
876:to treat
821:actinides
735:O → C
620:oxidation
267:208-401-4
259:EC Number
1571:17091088
1509:31275855
1060:17525864
1009:18330562
920:See also
852:Medicine
796:chelates
640:hydroxyl
501:316 g/L
277:E number
143:133-42-6
131:526-95-4
1579:3691306
1536:2741315
1500:6593216
1483:: 522.
1430:Bibcode
1348:Bibcode
1191:Bibcode
1095:Bibcode
1068:7700011
1017:2246466
904:malaria
896:Quinine
783:. As a
624:glucose
549:what is
547: (
507:Acidity
469:196.155
328: (
292:PubChem
134: (
1577:
1569:
1534:
1507:
1497:
1456:
1448:
1401:
1366:
1266:
1227:
1219:
1162:
1154:
1113:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1015:
1007:
914:anemia
872:, and
835:neuter
779:, and
616:esters
598:(CHOH)
570:is an
544:verify
541:
413:SMILES
199:ChEMBL
54:Names
1575:S2CID
1454:S2CID
1225:S2CID
1160:S2CID
1064:S2CID
1013:S2CID
938:(ISA)
777:honey
773:fruit
755:. or
695:→ C
612:salts
574:with
519:3.86
378:InChI
305:10690
282:E574
228:10240
179:ChEBI
157:JSmol
1567:PMID
1532:PMID
1505:PMID
1446:ISSN
1399:ISSN
1364:ISSN
1264:ISSN
1217:ISSN
1152:ISSN
1111:ISSN
1056:PMID
1048:ISSN
1005:PMID
819:and
781:wine
731:+ H
707:+ H
691:+ O
670:and
634:The
594:HOCH
316:UNII
1597:doi
1559:doi
1495:PMC
1485:doi
1438:doi
1391:doi
1356:doi
1344:195
1323:doi
1256:doi
1207:hdl
1199:doi
1187:312
1142:doi
1103:doi
1091:104
1040:doi
997:doi
622:of
347:EPA
295:CID
20:or
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1565:.
1555:27
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1089:.
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1062:.
1054:.
1046:.
1036:75
1034:.
1011:.
1003:.
993:78
991:.
959:.
916:.
906:.
880:.
870:Fe
868:,
866:Cu
864:,
862:Ca
860:,
858:Zn
848:.
813:Al
811:,
805:,
803:Fe
801:,
799:Ca
791:.
775:,
741:12
725:10
701:10
685:12
602:CO
584:12
516:)
509:(p
451:12
89:,5
85:,4
81:,3
77:(2
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1538:.
1511:.
1487::
1481:9
1460:.
1440::
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1252:3
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1209::
1201::
1193::
1166:.
1144::
1117:.
1105::
1097::
1070:.
1042::
1019:.
999::
963:.
874:K
808:K
745:7
743:O
739:H
737:6
733:2
729:6
727:O
723:H
721:6
719:C
713:2
711:O
709:2
705:6
703:O
699:H
697:6
693:2
689:6
687:O
683:H
681:6
679:C
604:2
600:4
596:2
588:7
586:O
582:H
580:6
578:C
539:N
514:a
511:K
457:7
454:O
448:H
445:6
442:C
349:)
345:(
332:)
330:D
159:)
138:)
136:D
91:R
87:R
83:S
79:R
64:d
29:d
24:.
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