702:
749:, therefore practically none is liberated in generalised inflammatory diseases of the liver such as viral hepatitides. Liver diseases in which necrosis of hepatocytes is the predominant event, such as toxic liver damage or hypoxic liver disease, are characterised by high serum GLDH levels. GLDH is important for distinguishing between acute viral hepatitis and acute toxic liver necrosis or acute hypoxic liver disease, particularly in the case of liver damage with very high aminotransferases. In
716:
5497:
664:
to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia). In bacteria, the ammonia is assimilated to amino acids via glutamate and aminotransferases. In plants, the enzyme can work in either direction depending on environment and stress. Transgenic plants expressing microbial GLDHs are improved in tolerance to herbicide, water deficit, and pathogen infections. They are more nutritionally valuable.
663:
of about 1 mM), and therefore toxic levels of ammonia would have to be present in the body for the reverse reaction to proceed (that is, α-ketoglutarate and ammonia to glutamate and NAD(P)+). However, in brain, the NAD+/NADH ratio in brain mitochondria encourages oxidative deamination (i.e. glutamate
968:
Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase was found to be regulated by nucleotides in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Carl
Frieden. In addition to describing the effects of nucleotides like ADP, ATP and GTP he described in detail the different kinetic behavior of NADH and NADPH. As such it was one of
4894:
4889:
972:
The activation of mammalian GDH by L-leucine and some other hydrophobic amino acids has also been long known, however localization of the binding site was not clear. Only recently the new allosteric binding site for L-leucine was identified in a mammalian enzyme.
960:
ratio, and, as amino acids are broken down by GLDH into α-ketoglutarate, this ratio rises and more insulin is secreted. SIRT4 is necessary to regulate the metabolism of amino acids as a method of controlling insulin secretion and regulating blood
633:. Typically, the α-ketoglutarate to glutamate reaction does not occur in mammals, as glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium favours the production of ammonia and α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate dehydrogenase also has a very low affinity for ammonia (high
1614:
Lightfoot DA, Bernhardt K, Mungur R, Nolte S, Ameziane R, Colter A, Jones K, Iqbal MJ, Varsa E, Young B (2007). "Improved drought tolerance of transgenic Zea mays plants that express the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdhA) of E. coli".
5141:
5027:
4952:
4924:
5146:
5032:
4871:
5121:
5243:
4940:
765:
infection. The enzyme is expressed constitutively by most strains of C.diff, and can thus be easily detected in stool. Diagnosis is generally confirmed with a follow-up EIA for C. Diff toxins A and B.
4812:
2162:"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) activates AMPK through the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase in muscle and pancreatic ß-cells: A potential beneficial effect in the pre-diabetic state?"
926:. Under these circumstances, glutamate dehydrogenase activity is raised in order to increase the amount of α-ketoglutarate produced, which can be used to provide energy by being used in the
4967:
1484:
Lightfoot DA, Baron AJ, Wootton JC (May 1988). "Expression of the
Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC6301 causes ammonium tolerance".
5087:
879:
848:
817:
4982:
5248:
4805:
3038:
937:
In microbes, the activity is controlled by the concentration of ammonium and or the like-sized rubidium ion, which binds to an allosteric site on GLDH and changes the K
5233:
5018:
582:
383:
184:
661:
3414:
5280:
5360:
4798:
1782:"Re-assessment of ammonium-ion affinities of NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenases. Activation of the Neurospora crassa enzyme by ammonium and rubidium ions"
5067:
4932:
4016:
1677:"Evolutionary Changes in Primate Glutamate Dehydrogenases 1 and 2 Influence the Protein Regulation by Ligands, Targeting and Posttranslational Modifications"
5257:
4040:
3996:
3511:
5471:
5297:
5057:
5475:
5467:
5131:
5082:
4323:
3377:
2233:
1733:"Determination of glutamate dehydrogenase activity and its kinetics in mouse tissues using metabolic mapping (quantitative enzyme histochemistry)"
1286:
1123:
741:
GLDH levels indicate liver damage and GLDH plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of liver disease, especially in combination with
3601:
3031:
5042:
3311:
601:
402:
203:
5393:
5126:
5062:
4451:
4352:
4360:
4045:
3407:
4990:
4972:
4035:
3991:
3841:
3506:
3024:
2714:
4396:
4474:
5345:
5205:
4097:
3606:
3346:
3341:
2709:
5200:
3837:
3282:
2800:
2382:
977:
1583:"Glutamate dehydrogenase of the germinating triticale seeds: gene expression, activity distribution and kinetic characteristics"
594:
395:
196:
5187:
3400:
2468:
1650:
Lightfoot DA (2009). "Genes for use in improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops". In Wood, Andrew, Matthew A. Jenks (eds.).
1291:
1128:
5532:
5517:
3558:
1659:
1460:
976:
Mutations which alter the allosteric binding site of GTP cause permanent activation of glutamate dehydrogenase, and lead to
545:
346:
147:
5522:
4316:
3698:
3521:
2277:
2226:
4301:
4211:
3808:
3531:
1310:
1147:
1529:"Metabolite fingerprinting in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum altered by the Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene"
4848:
4011:
3501:
3164:
3083:
2568:
2503:
629:. The aforementioned reaction also yields ammonia, which in eukaryotes is canonically processed as a substrate in the
1831:"Glutamic dehydrogenase. II. The effect of various nucleotides on the association-dissociation and kinetic properties"
1071:
Additionally, Mice GLDH shows substrate inhibition by which GLDH activity decreases at high glutamate concentrations.
4521:
4418:
4356:
4006:
3923:
3832:
2513:
2338:
773:
5005:
3392:
2839:
2637:
2272:
1298:
1135:
3536:
4309:
3678:
3006:
2834:
2498:
2219:
2160:
Pournourmohammadi S, Grimaldi M, Stridh MH, Lavallard V, Waagepetersen HS, Wollheim CB, Maechler P (July 2017).
2062:"Structural Basis for the Binding of Allosteric Activators Leucine and ADP to Mammalian Glutamate Dehydrogenase"
1998:"An effect of L-leucine and other essential amino acids on the structure and activity of glutamic dehydrogenase"
4070:
3551:
3546:
3321:
3151:
3139:
3088:
2829:
2615:
2573:
1922:"Glutamate Dehydrogenase. VI. Survey of Purine Nucleotide and Other Effects on the Enzyme from Various Sources"
791:
Based on which cofactor is used, glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes are divided into the following three classes:
539:
521:
340:
322:
141:
123:
4677:
4221:
4216:
3933:
3596:
3160:
1870:
Frieden C (May 1962). "The unusual inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by guanosine di- and triphosphate".
526:
327:
128:
5463:
5340:
4839:
3147:
2419:
2361:
2251:
4159:
4110:
3577:
2473:
1303:
1140:
864:
833:
802:
894:
Ammonia incorporation in animals and microbes occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and
606:
407:
208:
5487:
5335:
5220:
5210:
4483:
4386:
4344:
3865:
3581:
3482:
3477:
2647:
2642:
2446:
2312:
701:
514:
315:
116:
4778:
4765:
4752:
4739:
4726:
4713:
4700:
4662:
4374:
4206:
4201:
4154:
4115:
3760:
3248:
2372:
677:
449:
250:
51:
1961:
Monod J, Wyman J, Changeux JP (1965). "On the Nature of
Allosteric Transitions: A Plausible Model".
5426:
5267:
4672:
4626:
4569:
4340:
4164:
3741:
3243:
3203:
3078:
2563:
2441:
2205:
2201:
1351:
1188:
761:
432:
233:
34:
4083:
4065:
715:
542:
343:
144:
5413:
4574:
4464:
3870:
3798:
3780:
3561:– this diagram does not include the pathway for β-leucine synthesis via leucine 2,3-aminomutase)
3541:
3268:
3095:
2397:
781:
721:
466:
267:
68:
4790:
1443:
McKenna MC, Ferreira GC (2016). "Enzyme
Complexes Important for the Glutamate–Glutamine Cycle".
5398:
5037:
4904:
4282:
4075:
3928:
3227:
3143:
2605:
2262:
1015:
1009:
931:
675:
pathways, and is, therefore, ubiquitous in eukaryotes. In humans the relevant genes are called
4105:
3176:
4831:
4828:
4595:
4514:
4432:
4277:
3641:
3121:
2979:
2719:
2595:
2431:
2409:
1424:
1205:
1055:
1034:
999:
988:
957:
1209:
5375:
4667:
4409:
3948:
3722:
3455:
3445:
3431:
3292:
3222:
3110:
2820:
2726:
2583:
2532:
2478:
2009:
1368:
895:
639:
4331:
1392:
1356:
1229:
1193:
502:
303:
104:
8:
5431:
5365:
5320:
5238:
4631:
4488:
4092:
4088:
4001:
3886:
3516:
3372:
1372:
919:
444:
245:
46:
4916:
3016:
2013:
1703:
1676:
759:(EIA) for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) can be used as screening tool for patients with
478:
279:
80:
5388:
4879:
4564:
4134:
3683:
3427:
3263:
2750:
2518:
2392:
2137:
2112:
2088:
2061:
1806:
1781:
1757:
1732:
1632:
1555:
1528:
1509:
942:
756:
734:
634:
437:
238:
39:
2032:
1997:
1974:
1938:
1921:
1847:
1830:
557:
358:
159:
5527:
4440:
4436:
3526:
3051:
2740:
2543:
2324:
2181:
2142:
2093:
2037:
1978:
1943:
1887:
1883:
1852:
1811:
1762:
1708:
1655:
1560:
1501:
1466:
1456:
927:
902:
and microbe nitrogen flow, serving as both a nitrogen donor and a nitrogen acceptor.
742:
533:
334:
135:
3422:
1636:
1513:
5403:
5164:
5096:
4610:
4605:
4579:
4507:
4251:
3214:
3068:
2553:
2346:
2173:
2132:
2124:
2083:
2073:
2027:
2017:
1970:
1933:
1879:
1842:
1801:
1793:
1752:
1744:
1698:
1688:
1624:
1594:
1550:
1540:
1493:
1448:
1363:
1200:
5350:
5047:
4657:
4641:
4554:
4427:
3827:
3703:
3586:
2458:
2351:
2177:
1327:
1164:
750:
1452:
1402:
1239:
561:
362:
163:
5501:
5436:
5111:
5052:
4695:
4636:
4336:
2161:
577:
378:
179:
2128:
1628:
1599:
1582:
969:
the earliest enzymes to show what was later described as allosteric behavior.
5511:
5444:
5355:
5289:
5106:
5072:
4957:
4884:
4866:
4600:
4559:
4422:
4414:
4188:
3968:
3616:
2242:
1748:
1021:
923:
552:
353:
154:
4549:
4273:
4145:
3973:
3591:
3287:
3273:
3195:
2875:
2850:
2508:
2387:
2300:
2185:
2146:
2097:
2041:
1982:
1947:
1891:
1856:
1766:
1712:
1564:
1505:
1470:
1045:
746:
692:
626:
2078:
2022:
1815:
948:
The control of GLDH through ADP-ribosylation is particularly important in
5330:
5159:
5154:
5136:
4995:
4899:
4861:
4773:
4708:
4544:
3953:
3919:
2211:
2113:"Dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function"
1693:
1545:
1339:
1176:
910:
In humans, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase is controlled through
738:
2159:
784:
for the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction, producing α-ketoglutarate and
5101:
4824:
4260:
4236:
4055:
4026:
3875:
3568:
3459:
3423:
3131:
3047:
2627:
2289:
1497:
1334:
1171:
911:
688:
630:
490:
291:
92:
1797:
953:
5325:
5116:
4821:
4747:
4721:
4455:
4264:
4125:
3944:
3940:
3915:
3803:
3789:
3775:
3751:
3073:
2558:
995:
899:
707:
672:
668:
956:. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to an increase in the ATP:
5496:
4977:
4962:
4228:
4192:
4179:
3911:
3856:
3732:
3694:
3651:
3620:
3105:
2704:
2578:
1050:
785:
687:(glutamate dehydrogenase 2), and there are also at least five GLDH
4820:
4232:
3818:
3713:
3690:
3665:
3656:
3492:
2864:
2859:
2779:
1080:
1040:
962:
949:
509:
310:
111:
1315:
1152:
5178:
4760:
4530:
4400:
3982:
3669:
3468:
3435:
3054:
2969:
2964:
2934:
2929:
2809:
2789:
2784:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
1322:
1159:
622:
589:
485:
473:
461:
390:
286:
274:
262:
191:
87:
75:
63:
5188:
4734:
4379:
3846:
3356:
3351:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2680:
2667:
1613:
1271:
1256:
1108:
1093:
915:
683:
2166:
1526:
753:, GLDH can serve as a measurement for the safety of a drug.
5077:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3099:
2059:
1730:
1527:
Mungur R, Glass AD, Goodenow DB, Lightfoot DA (June 2005).
1065:
777:
497:
298:
99:
4849:
4499:
1447:. Advances in Neurobiology. Vol. 13. pp. 59–98.
3046:
5006:
1731:
Botman D, Tigchelaar W, Van
Noorden CJ (November 2014).
905:
1580:
5485:
2060:
Aleshin VA, Bunik VI, Bruch EM, Bellinzoni M (2022).
1483:
1079:
Humans express the following glutamate dehydrogenase
867:
836:
805:
642:
4041:
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
3997:
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
3512:
Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
5221:
1960:
1907:L-Glutamate Dehydrogenase, in The Enzymes, Vol VII
914:, a covalent modification carried out by the gene
873:
842:
811:
655:
3649:
1726:
1724:
1722:
5509:
5268:
3378:Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
1643:
1576:
1574:
5414:
5308:
3602:Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase
3283:Complex III/Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase
1995:
1737:The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
1674:
1442:
5193:Tooltip Glutamine aminohydrolase (glutaminase)
1719:
4806:
4515:
4317:
3408:
3032:
2227:
1607:
1571:
1477:
918:. This regulation is relaxed in response to
625:observed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic
5376:
2110:
2104:
1913:
1863:
1822:
1649:
4046:3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
1681:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
1520:
1436:
889:
5472:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4854:Tooltip Excitatory amino acid transporters
4813:
4799:
4522:
4508:
4324:
4310:
4036:Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
3992:Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
3507:Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase
3415:
3401:
3039:
3025:
2715:Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
2241:
2234:
2220:
1773:
1533:Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
4017:Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
2204:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2136:
2087:
2077:
2031:
2021:
1937:
1904:
1846:
1805:
1756:
1702:
1692:
1598:
1581:Grabowska A, Nowicki M, Kwinta J (2011).
1554:
1544:
737:to evaluate the liver function. Elevated
667:The enzyme represents a key link between
5476:GABA metabolism and transport modulators
5468:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
5011:Tooltip Vesicular glutamate transporters
3607:Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
2710:Mitochondrial membrane transport protein
3838:1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
2117:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2055:
2053:
2051:
1919:
1869:
1828:
1779:
978:hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
728:
5510:
4098:Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
2469:Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
898:. Glutamate plays the central role in
5048:Amido black 10B (naphthol blue black)
4794:
4503:
4305:
3559:Template:Leucine metabolism in humans
3396:
3020:
2215:
1654:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 167–182.
906:Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase
3699:Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
2048:
4212:4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
3809:Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase
3532:Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
2383:Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase
1954:
1926:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1835:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
874:{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
843:{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
812:{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
13:
5226:Tooltip Aspartate aminotransferase
4012:3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
3502:3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3269:Complex II/Succinate dehydrogenase
3165:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
2569:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
2504:Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
2111:Selwood T, Jaffe EK (March 2012).
1989:
1445:The Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle
14:
5544:
4007:3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase
3924:Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
3833:Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
2514:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II
2195:
5495:
5273:Tooltip Alanine aminotransferase
2638:Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
2278:Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase
2273:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
1996:YIELDING KL, TOMKINS GM (1961).
1909:. Academic Press. pp. 3–24.
1675:Aleshina YA, Aleshin VA (2024).
714:
700:
681:(glutamate dehydrogenase 1) and
5419:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
5313:Tooltip Glutamate dehydrogenase
3679:Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
3293:Complex IV/Cytochrome c oxidase
2499:Glutamate aspartate transporter
2153:
1898:
422:glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
5404:Phosphinothricin (glufosinate)
4093:Homocysteine methyltransferase
4071:Methionine adenosyltransferase
3552:Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase
3547:Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase
3140:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2616:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2574:Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase
1668:
1652:Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress
868:
837:
806:
24:glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)
1:
5464:Receptor/signaling modulators
4222:Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
4217:Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
3934:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
3597:3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase
3537:α-Ketoisocaproate dioxygenase
3161:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
1975:10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80285-6
1939:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)97420-X
1872:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
1848:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)70181-6
1430:
983:
5533:Glutamate (neurotransmitter)
5518:Genes on human chromosome 10
5381:Tooltip Glutamine synthetase
3264:Complex I/NADH dehydrogenase
2420:Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
2178:10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.012
1884:10.1016/0006-3002(62)90204-4
1780:Wootton JC (February 1983).
768:
7:
5523:Genes on human chromosome X
4529:
4160:Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
4111:Cystathionine beta synthase
3578:Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
2474:Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase
1453:10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4_4
1418:
1074:
857:EC 1.4.1.4: L-glutamate + H
826:EC 1.4.1.3: L-glutamate + H
795:EC 1.4.1.2: L-glutamate + H
10:
5549:
4484:D-amino acid dehydrogenase
4387:Glutamate synthase (NADPH)
4345:amino acid oxidoreductases
4084:regeneration of methionine
4066:generation of homocysteine
3866:Ornithine aminotransferase
3582:Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
3483:Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
3478:Saccharopine dehydrogenase
3084:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
2648:N-Acetylglutamate synthase
2643:Ornithine transcarbamylase
2447:Glycerol phosphate shuttle
2313:monoamine neurotransmitter
733:GLDH can be measured in a
5457:
5412:
5374:
5306:
5266:
5219:
5186:
5177:
5107:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
5073:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
5004:
4928:-CCG-III ((2S,3S,4R)-CCG)
4885:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4867:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
4847:
4838:
4686:
4678:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
4650:
4619:
4588:
4537:
4473:
4450:
4395:
4351:
4259:
4249:
4207:Tyrosine aminotransferase
4202:Phenylalanine hydroxylase
4187:
4177:
4155:Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
4143:
4124:
4116:Cystathionine gamma-lyase
4054:
4025:
3981:
3966:
3904:
3884:
3855:
3817:
3788:
3773:
3761:L-threonine dehydrogenase
3750:
3731:
3712:
3664:
3640:
3615:
3567:
3491:
3467:
3454:
3442:
3365:
3256:
3249:oxidative phosphorylation
3240:
3212:
3193:
3174:
3129:
3120:
3061:
3002:
2873:
2848:
2818:
2798:
2748:
2739:
2700:
2693:
2676:
2656:
2624:
2592:
2540:
2531:
2487:
2455:
2428:
2406:
2373:oxidative phosphorylation
2369:
2360:
2337:
2309:
2286:
2259:
2250:
2129:10.1016/j.abb.2011.11.020
1629:10.1007/s10681-007-9357-y
1600:10.1007/s11738-011-0801-1
1398:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1362:
1350:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1257:glutamate dehydrogenase 2
1255:
1235:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1199:
1187:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1114:
1104:
1099:
1094:glutamate dehydrogenase 1
1092:
994:This protein may use the
600:
588:
576:
571:
567:
551:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
455:
443:
431:
426:
421:
401:
389:
377:
372:
368:
352:
333:
321:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
256:
244:
232:
227:
222:
202:
190:
178:
173:
169:
153:
134:
122:
110:
98:
86:
74:
62:
57:
45:
33:
28:
23:
5427:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
4936:-Serine-O-sulphate (SOS)
4570:Diffusion-limited enzyme
4165:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
3742:D-cysteine desulfhydrase
3244:electron transport chain
3204:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
3079:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
2564:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
2442:Malate-aspartate shuttle
2206:Medical Subject Headings
2002:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1829:Frieden C (April 1959).
1749:10.1369/0022155414549071
890:Role in flow of nitrogen
762:Clostridioides difficile
745:. GLDH is localised in
223:glutamate dehydrogenase
5234:2-Amino-3-butenoic acid
5028:6-(4'-Phenylstyryl)-QDC
4912:-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid
4465:Glycine cleavage system
4370:Glutamate dehydrogenase
3896:Glutamate dehydrogenase
3871:Ornithine decarboxylase
3799:Histidine ammonia-lyase
3542:Leucine 2,3-aminomutase
3185:Glutamate dehydrogenase
3096:Succinate dehydrogenase
3089:Succinyl CoA synthetase
2611:Glutamate dehydrogenase
2398:Succinate dehydrogenase
2202:Glutamate+dehydrogenase
1786:The Biochemical Journal
1486:Plant Molecular Biology
1005:Allosteric inhibitors:
619:Glutamate dehydrogenase
5399:Methionine sulfoximine
4986:-3-Methylglutamic acid
4283:Aspartate transaminase
4106:conversion to cysteine
4076:Adenosylhomocysteinase
3929:Glutathione synthetase
3228:Aspartate transaminase
3007:mitochondrial diseases
2606:Aspartate transaminase
2263:fatty acid degradation
1920:Frieden C (May 1965).
1016:Adenosine triphosphate
1010:Guanosine triphosphate
930:to ultimately produce
875:
844:
813:
657:
4663:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
4596:Allosteric regulation
4278:Asparagine synthetase
3446:Essential amino acids
2720:Mitochondrial carrier
2596:anaplerotic reactions
2432:mitochondrial shuttle
2410:pyrimidine metabolism
2079:10.3390/ijms231911306
2023:10.1073/pnas.47.7.983
1425:Anaplerotic reactions
1056:Guanosine diphosphate
1035:Adenosine diphosphate
1000:allosteric regulation
989:Allosteric regulation
876:
845:
814:
658:
656:{\displaystyle K_{m}}
5253:-Methylene-aspartate
4673:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4410:D-amino acid oxidase
3949:Glutamine synthetase
3723:Alanine transaminase
3223:Pyruvate carboxylase
3111:Malate dehydrogenase
2727:Translocator protein
2584:Malate dehydrogenase
2479:Aldosterone synthase
1694:10.3390/ijms25084341
1546:10.1155/JBB.2005.198
896:glutamine synthetase
865:
834:
803:
729:Clinical application
640:
5366:Pyridoxal phosphate
5068:Chicago sky blue 6B
5033:6-Biphenyl-4-yl-QDC
4489:Amine dehydrogenase
4089:Methionine synthase
4002:Enoyl-CoA hydratase
3887:alpha-ketoglutarate
3804:Urocanate hydratase
3517:Enoyl-CoA hydratase
3373:Alternative oxidase
3177:α-ketoglutaric acid
2339:Intermembrane space
2014:1961PNAS...47..983L
1587:Acta Physiol. Plant
920:caloric restriction
881:2-oxoglutarate + NH
850:2-oxoglutarate + NH
819:2-oxoglutarate + NH
5389:2-Aminoadipic acid
5258:Hydrazinosuccinate
4632:Enzyme superfamily
4565:Enzyme promiscuity
4135:Threonine aldolase
3684:Serine dehydratase
3428:Protein metabolism
2694:Other/to be sorted
2659:alcohol metabolism
2519:Uncoupling protein
2393:NADH dehydrogenase
1905:Frieden C (1963).
1498:10.1007/BF00027390
1061:Other Inhibitors:
943:Michaelis constant
871:
840:
809:
757:Enzyme immunoassay
735:medical laboratory
653:
635:Michaelis constant
621:(GLDH, GDH) is an
5483:
5482:
5453:
5452:
5439:
5173:
5172:
5091:
5088:Erythro-4-methyl-
5022:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4919:
4907:
4788:
4787:
4497:
4496:
4477:: other acceptors
4437:Flavin-containing
4419:Copper-containing
4343:1.4) - primarily
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4245:
4244:
4173:
4172:
3962:
3961:
3769:
3768:
3636:
3635:
3527:HMG-CoA reductase
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3236:
3235:
3052:Citric acid cycle
3014:
3013:
2998:
2997:
2741:Mitochondrial DNA
2735:
2734:
2689:
2688:
2544:citric acid cycle
2527:
2526:
2333:
2332:
2325:Monoamine oxidase
1798:10.1042/bj2090527
1661:978-0-8138-1502-2
1462:978-3-319-45094-0
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
945:) of the enzyme.
928:citric acid cycle
743:aminotransferases
616:
615:
612:
611:
515:metabolic pathway
417:
416:
413:
412:
316:metabolic pathway
218:
217:
214:
213:
117:metabolic pathway
5540:
5500:
5499:
5491:
5437:
5420:
5416:
5382:
5378:
5314:
5310:
5298:Propargylglycine
5292:
5284:
5274:
5270:
5252:
5227:
5223:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5165:Xanthurenic acid
5089:
5058:Benzopurpurin 4B
5020:
5012:
5008:
4941:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4905:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4668:Hanes–Woolf plot
4611:Enzyme activator
4606:Enzyme inhibitor
4580:Enzyme catalysis
4524:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4257:
4256:
4185:
4184:
3979:
3978:
3786:
3785:
3662:
3661:
3647:
3646:
3465:
3464:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3254:
3253:
3215:oxaloacetic acid
3127:
3126:
3069:Citrate synthase
3041:
3034:
3027:
3018:
3017:
2878:
2853:
2823:
2803:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2698:
2697:
2661:
2631:
2599:
2554:Citrate synthase
2547:
2538:
2537:
2492:
2462:
2435:
2413:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2347:Adenylate kinase
2318:
2294:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2190:
2189:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2140:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2057:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2025:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1715:. Art. No. 4341.
1706:
1696:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1623:(1–2): 103–116.
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1440:
1381:
1380:
1253:
1252:
1218:
1217:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
912:ADP-ribosylation
880:
878:
877:
872:
849:
847:
846:
841:
818:
816:
815:
810:
788:as a byproduct.
718:
704:
662:
660:
659:
654:
652:
651:
569:
568:
419:
418:
370:
369:
220:
219:
171:
170:
21:
20:
16:Hexameric enzyme
5548:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5494:
5486:
5484:
5479:
5449:
5418:
5408:
5380:
5370:
5351:Hexachlorophene
5312:
5302:
5290:
5282:
5272:
5262:
5250:
5225:
5215:
5192:
5169:
5132:Reactive blue 2
5010:
5000:
4853:
4834:
4819:
4789:
4784:
4696:Oxidoreductases
4682:
4658:Enzyme kinetics
4646:
4642:List of enzymes
4615:
4584:
4555:Catalytic triad
4533:
4528:
4498:
4493:
4469:
4446:
4391:
4347:
4337:oxidoreductases
4335:
4330:
4300:
4287:
4241:
4169:
4139:
4120:
4050:
4021:
3972:
3958:
3900:
3880:
3851:
3828:Proline oxidase
3813:
3781:α-ketoglutarate
3779:
3765:
3746:
3727:
3708:
3704:Creatine kinase
3654:
3632:
3611:
3587:Arylformamidase
3563:
3487:
3450:
3448:are in Capitals
3438:
3434:and catabolism
3421:
3391:
3382:
3361:
3303:
3277:
3247:
3242:
3232:
3208:
3189:
3170:
3116:
3057:
3045:
3015:
3010:
2994:
2874:
2869:
2849:
2844:
2819:
2814:
2799:
2794:
2749:
2731:
2685:
2672:
2657:
2652:
2625:
2620:
2593:
2588:
2541:
2523:
2488:
2483:
2459:steroidogenesis
2456:
2451:
2429:
2424:
2407:
2402:
2370:
2356:
2352:Creatine kinase
2329:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2287:
2282:
2260:
2246:
2240:
2198:
2193:
2158:
2154:
2109:
2105:
2058:
2049:
1994:
1990:
1959:
1955:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1868:
1864:
1827:
1823:
1778:
1774:
1729:
1720:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1648:
1644:
1612:
1608:
1579:
1572:
1525:
1521:
1482:
1478:
1463:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1077:
986:
940:
908:
892:
884:
866:
863:
862:
860:
853:
835:
832:
831:
829:
822:
804:
801:
800:
798:
771:
751:clinical trials
731:
724:
722:α-Ketoglutarate
719:
710:
705:
647:
643:
641:
638:
637:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5546:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5505:
5504:
5481:
5480:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Kynurenic acid
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5092:-glutamic acid
5085:
5083:Direct blue 71
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5053:Bafilomycin A1
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5015:
5013:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4620:Classification
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4430:
4425:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4366:
4364:
4349:
4348:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4254:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4182:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4061:
4059:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3976:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3783:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3659:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3451:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3159:(regulated by
3156:
3155:
3136:
3134:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2364:
2362:Inner membrane
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2254:
2252:Outer membrane
2248:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2196:External links
2194:
2192:
2191:
2152:
2103:
2047:
1988:
1953:
1932:(5): 2028–35.
1912:
1897:
1862:
1821:
1772:
1743:(11): 802–12.
1718:
1667:
1660:
1642:
1606:
1593:(5): 1981–90.
1570:
1539:(2): 198–214.
1519:
1476:
1461:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1013:
985:
982:
938:
907:
904:
891:
888:
887:
886:
882:
870:
858:
855:
851:
839:
827:
824:
820:
808:
796:
770:
767:
730:
727:
726:
725:
720:
713:
711:
706:
699:
650:
646:
614:
613:
610:
609:
604:
598:
597:
592:
586:
585:
580:
574:
573:
565:
564:
555:
549:
548:
537:
530:
529:
524:
518:
517:
512:
506:
505:
500:
494:
493:
488:
482:
481:
476:
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
453:
452:
447:
441:
440:
435:
429:
428:
424:
423:
415:
414:
411:
410:
405:
399:
398:
393:
387:
386:
381:
375:
374:
366:
365:
356:
350:
349:
338:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
313:
307:
306:
301:
295:
294:
289:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
225:
224:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
167:
166:
157:
151:
150:
139:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
37:
31:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5545:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5456:
5446:
5445:Semicarbazide
5443:
5441:
5440:-Allylglycine
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5361:Palmitoyl-CoA
5359:
5357:
5356:Hydroxylamine
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Maslinic acid
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4816:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Enzyme family
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:Cooperativity
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:Oxyanion hole
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4433:Primary-amine
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4415:Amine oxidase
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:PHENYLALANINE
4186:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3969:propionyl-CoA
3965:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:PHENYLALANINE
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:HMG-CoA lyase
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3241:Mitochondrial
3239:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2243:Mitochondrial
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:(2): 131–43.
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2072:(19): 11306.
2071:
2067:
2066:Int J Mol Sci
2063:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1841:(4): 815–20.
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:(2): 527–31.
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:(3): 335–44.
1491:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1022:Palmitoyl-CoA
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
981:
979:
974:
970:
966:
964:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
935:
933:
929:
925:
924:blood glucose
921:
917:
913:
903:
901:
897:
856:
854:+ NAD(P)H + H
825:
794:
793:
792:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
766:
764:
763:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
723:
717:
712:
709:
703:
698:
697:
696:
694:
690:
686:
685:
680:
679:
674:
670:
665:
648:
644:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
608:
605:
603:
599:
596:
593:
591:
587:
584:
581:
579:
575:
570:
566:
563:
559:
556:
554:
553:Gene Ontology
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
531:
528:
525:
523:
519:
516:
513:
511:
507:
504:
501:
499:
495:
492:
491:NiceZyme view
489:
487:
483:
480:
477:
475:
471:
468:
465:
463:
459:
454:
451:
448:
446:
442:
439:
436:
434:
430:
425:
420:
409:
406:
404:
400:
397:
394:
392:
388:
385:
382:
380:
376:
371:
367:
364:
360:
357:
355:
354:Gene Ontology
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
326:
324:
320:
317:
314:
312:
308:
305:
302:
300:
296:
293:
292:NiceZyme view
290:
288:
284:
281:
278:
276:
272:
269:
266:
264:
260:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
226:
221:
210:
207:
205:
201:
198:
195:
193:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
155:Gene Ontology
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:
113:
109:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
93:NiceZyme view
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
41:
38:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5460:
5459:
5307:
5293:-Cycloserine
5147:
5043:Acid red 114
5019:4-Methylene-
4983:
4945:
4909:
4872:
4774:Translocases
4771:
4758:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4709:Transferases
4706:
4693:
4550:Binding site
4369:
4274:Asparaginase
4252:oxaloacetate
4146:succinyl-CoA
4104:
4082:
4064:
3974:succinyl-CoA
3895:
3592:Kynureninase
3556:
3444:
3299:
3288:Cytochrome c
3196:succinyl-CoA
3184:
3004:
2851:ATP synthase
2658:
2626:
2610:
2594:
2542:
2509:ATP synthase
2489:
2457:
2430:
2408:
2388:Cytochrome c
2371:
2311:
2301:Kynureninase
2288:
2261:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2069:
2065:
2008:(7): 983–9.
2005:
2001:
1991:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1878:(2): 484–6.
1875:
1871:
1865:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1740:
1736:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1651:
1645:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1590:
1586:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1444:
1438:
1371:
1278:Alt. symbols
1208:
1115:Alt. symbols
1078:
1070:
1060:
1046:l-isoleucine
1030:Activators:
1029:
1004:
993:
987:
975:
971:
967:
947:
936:
909:
893:
790:
772:
760:
755:
747:mitochondria
732:
693:human genome
682:
676:
666:
627:mitochondria
618:
617:
479:BRENDA entry
280:BRENDA entry
81:BRENDA entry
18:
5331:Chloroquine
5160:Valinomycin
5155:Trypan blue
5137:Rose bengal
5122:NPPB (N144)
4996:WAY-213,613
4900:Kainic acid
4862:Amphetamine
4840:Transporter
4545:Active site
3954:Glutaminase
3920:glutathione
3629:(see below)
3305:synthesis:
3122:Anaplerotic
2801:Complex III
2172:: 220–225.
1393:Swiss-model
1263:Identifiers
1230:Swiss-model
1100:Identifiers
952:-producing
885:+ NADPH + H
830:O + NAD(P)
739:blood serum
689:pseudogenes
467:IntEnz view
427:Identifiers
268:IntEnz view
228:Identifiers
69:IntEnz view
29:Identifiers
5512:Categories
5394:JFD01307SC
5127:Ponceau SS
5102:Furosemide
5097:Evans blue
5063:Bumetamide
5023:-glutamate
4832:modulators
4825:metabolism
4748:Isomerases
4722:Hydrolases
4589:Regulation
4261:asparagine
4237:Tyrosinase
4056:METHIONINE
4027:ISOLEUCINE
3876:Agmatinase
3569:TRYPTOPHAN
3460:acetyl-CoA
3424:Metabolism
3300:Coenzyme Q
3274:Coenzyme Q
3132:acetyl-CoA
3048:Metabolism
2821:Complex IV
2628:urea cycle
2316:metabolism
2292:metabolism
2290:tryptophan
1969:: 88–118.
1963:J Mol Biol
1431:References
1389:Structures
1384:Search for
1346:Other data
1226:Structures
1221:Search for
1210:q21.1-24.3
1183:Other data
984:Regulation
823:+ NADH + H
631:urea cycle
536:structures
503:KEGG entry
450:9029-11-2
337:structures
304:KEGG entry
251:9029-12-3
138:structures
105:KEGG entry
52:9001-46-1
5461:See also:
5326:Bithionol
5281:β-Chloro-
5117:Nigericin
4829:transport
4822:Glutamate
4627:EC number
4456:disulfide
4441:Monoamine
4265:aspartate
4126:THREONINE
3945:glutamine
3941:glutamate
3916:glutamate
3790:HISTIDINE
3776:glutamate
3752:threonine
3432:synthesis
3074:Aconitase
3005:see also
2751:Complex I
2559:Aconitase
1617:Euphytica
1352:EC number
1328:NM_012084
1287:NCBI gene
1189:EC number
1165:NM_005271
1124:NCBI gene
998:model of
996:morpheein
900:mammalian
869:⇌
861:O + NADP
838:⇌
807:⇌
769:Cofactors
708:Glutamate
695:as well.
669:catabolic
456:Databases
257:Databases
58:Databases
5528:EC 1.4.1
5285:-alanine
4991:UCPH-101
4978:Theanine
4973:TFB-TBOA
4963:SYM-2081
4948:-2,4-PDC
4651:Kinetics
4575:Cofactor
4538:Activity
4458:acceptor
4403:acceptor
4363:acceptor
4229:tyrosine
4193:tyrosine
4180:fumarate
3912:cysteine
3857:arginine
3733:cysteine
3695:creatine
3652:pyruvate
3621:tyrosine
3106:Fumarase
2705:Frataxin
2579:Fumarase
2245:proteins
2186:28137482
2147:22182754
2098:36232607
2042:13787322
1983:14343300
1948:14299621
1892:13895207
1857:13654269
1767:25124006
1713:38673928
1704:11050691
1637:11806853
1565:16046826
1514:21845538
1506:24272346
1471:27885627
1419:See also
1403:InterPro
1240:InterPro
1081:isozymes
1075:Isozymes
1051:l-valine
965:levels.
922:and low
799:O + NAD
786:ammonium
782:cofactor
673:anabolic
607:proteins
595:articles
583:articles
540:RCSB PDB
408:proteins
396:articles
384:articles
341:RCSB PDB
209:proteins
197:articles
185:articles
142:RCSB PDB
5502:Biology
4761:Ligases
4531:Enzymes
4428:Diamine
4233:melanin
3842:ALDH4A1
3819:proline
3714:alanine
3691:glycine
3666:glycine
3657:citrate
3493:LEUCINE
3436:enzymes
3278:(CoQ10)
3257:Primary
3113:and ETC
3055:enzymes
2865:MT-ATP8
2860:MT-ATP6
2780:MT-ND4L
2138:3298769
2089:9570180
2010:Bibcode
1816:6221721
1807:1154121
1758:4230541
1556:1184043
1399:Domains
1357:1.4.1.3
1335:UniProt
1236:Domains
1206:Chr. 10
1194:1.4.1.3
1172:UniProt
1041:Leucine
963:glucose
954:β cells
950:insulin
780:) is a
691:in the
562:QuickGO
527:profile
510:MetaCyc
445:CAS no.
438:1.4.1.4
363:QuickGO
328:profile
311:MetaCyc
246:CAS no.
239:1.4.1.3
164:QuickGO
129:profile
112:MetaCyc
47:CAS no.
40:1.4.1.2
5488:Portal
5346:GW5074
5206:CB-839
5179:Enzyme
5007:vGluTs
4735:Lyases
4475:1.4.99
4401:oxygen
3983:VALINE
3670:serine
3469:LYSINE
3347:COQ10B
3342:COQ10A
2970:MT-TS2
2965:MT-TS1
2935:MT-TL2
2930:MT-TL1
2840:MT-CO3
2835:MT-CO2
2830:MT-CO1
2810:MT-CYB
2790:MT-ND6
2785:MT-ND5
2775:MT-ND4
2770:MT-ND3
2765:MT-ND2
2760:MT-ND1
2533:Matrix
2208:(MeSH)
2184:
2145:
2135:
2096:
2086:
2040:
2033:221313
2030:
1981:
1946:
1890:
1855:
1814:
1804:
1765:
1755:
1711:
1701:
1658:
1635:
1563:
1553:
1512:
1504:
1469:
1459:
1369:Chr. X
1340:P49448
1323:RefSeq
1316:300144
1281:GLUDP1
1268:Symbol
1177:P00367
1160:RefSeq
1153:138130
1105:Symbol
1037:(ADP)
623:enzyme
590:PubMed
572:Search
558:AmiGO
546:PDBsum
486:ExPASy
474:BRENDA
462:IntEnz
433:EC no.
391:PubMed
373:Search
359:AmiGO
347:PDBsum
287:ExPASy
275:BRENDA
263:IntEnz
234:EC no.
192:PubMed
174:Search
160:AmiGO
148:PDBsum
88:ExPASy
76:BRENDA
64:IntEnz
35:EC no.
5201:BPTES
5150:-ACDP
5148:trans
5038:7-CKA
4984:threo
4946:trans
4910:threo
4908:-(-)-
4895:HIP-B
4890:HIP-A
4875:-ACBD
4850:EAATs
4687:Types
4452:1.4.4
4423:Lysyl
4397:1.4.3
4380:GLUD2
4375:GLUD1
4353:1.4.1
4332:CH-NH
3905:Other
3847:PYCR1
3557:(See
3366:Other
3357:PDSS2
3352:PDSS1
3062:Cycle
2990:MT-TY
2985:MT-TW
2980:MT-TV
2975:MT-TT
2960:MT-TR
2955:MT-TQ
2950:MT-TP
2945:MT-TN
2940:MT-TM
2925:MT-TK
2920:MT-TI
2915:MT-TH
2910:MT-TG
2905:MT-TF
2900:MT-TE
2895:MT-TD
2890:MT-TC
2885:MT-TA
2681:PMPCB
2668:ALDH2
2490:other
1687:(8).
1633:S2CID
1510:S2CID
1364:Locus
1272:GLUD2
1201:Locus
1109:GLUD1
1018:(ATP)
1012:(GTP)
916:sirt4
684:GLUD2
678:GLUD1
522:PRIAM
323:PRIAM
124:PRIAM
5432:AAOA
5336:EGCG
5321:AAOA
5239:AAOA
5142:SITS
5078:DIDS
4968:TBOA
4953:MPDC
4920:-αAA
4880:DHKA
4827:and
4779:list
4772:EC7
4766:list
4759:EC6
4753:list
4746:EC5
4740:list
4733:EC4
4727:list
4720:EC3
4714:list
4707:EC2
4701:list
4694:EC1
4435:)) (
4361:NADP
4148:→TCA
3889:→TCA
3337:COQ9
3332:COQ7
3327:COQ6
3322:COQ5
3317:COQ4
3312:COQ3
3307:COQ2
3163:and
3100:SDHA
2876:tRNA
2182:PMID
2143:PMID
2094:PMID
2038:PMID
1979:PMID
1944:PMID
1888:PMID
1853:PMID
1812:PMID
1763:PMID
1709:PMID
1656:ISBN
1561:PMID
1537:2005
1502:PMID
1467:PMID
1457:ISBN
1311:OMIM
1304:4336
1299:HGNC
1292:2747
1148:OMIM
1141:4335
1136:HGNC
1129:2746
1118:GLUD
1066:EGCG
778:NADP
776:(or
671:and
602:NCBI
543:PDBe
498:KEGG
403:NCBI
344:PDBe
299:KEGG
204:NCBI
145:PDBe
100:KEGG
5415:GAD
5341:GTP
5309:GDH
5269:ALT
5244:AMB
5222:AST
5211:DON
5189:GAH
4873:cis
4443:)))
4357:NAD
3213:to
3194:to
3175:to
3130:to
2174:doi
2133:PMC
2125:doi
2121:519
2084:PMC
2074:doi
2028:PMC
2018:doi
1971:doi
1934:doi
1930:240
1880:doi
1843:doi
1839:234
1802:PMC
1794:doi
1790:209
1753:PMC
1745:doi
1699:PMC
1689:doi
1625:doi
1621:156
1595:doi
1551:PMC
1541:doi
1494:doi
1449:doi
1373:q25
958:ADP
932:ATP
774:NAD
578:PMC
534:PDB
379:PMC
335:PDB
180:PMC
136:PDB
5514::
5474:•
5470:•
5466:•
5377:GS
5251:DL
5249:β-
4454::
4399::
4355::
4341:EC
4250:G→
4235::
4178:G→
3967:G→
3947::
3922::
3774:G→
3697::
3650:G→
3430:,
3426::
3302:10
3276:10
3152:E3
3150:,
3148:E2
3146:,
3144:E1
3050::
2180:.
2170:88
2168:.
2164:.
2141:.
2131:.
2119:.
2115:.
2092:.
2082:.
2070:23
2068:.
2064:.
2050:^
2036:.
2026:.
2016:.
2006:47
2004:.
2000:.
1977:.
1967:12
1965:.
1942:.
1928:.
1924:.
1886:.
1876:59
1874:.
1851:.
1837:.
1833:.
1810:.
1800:.
1788:.
1784:.
1761:.
1751:.
1741:62
1739:.
1735:.
1721:^
1707:.
1697:.
1685:25
1683:.
1679:.
1631:.
1619:.
1591:33
1589:.
1585:.
1573:^
1559:.
1549:.
1535:.
1531:.
1508:.
1500:.
1490:11
1488:.
1465:.
1455:.
1083::
1026:Zn
1002:.
991::
980:.
934:.
560:/
361:/
162:/
5490::
5438:L
5291:L
5283:L
5090:L
5021:L
4944:-
4942:L
4934:L
4926:L
4918:L
4906:L
4814:e
4807:t
4800:v
4781:)
4777:(
4768:)
4764:(
4755:)
4751:(
4742:)
4738:(
4729:)
4725:(
4716:)
4712:(
4703:)
4699:(
4523:e
4516:t
4509:v
4439:(
4421:(
4417:(
4359:/
4339:(
4334:2
4325:e
4318:t
4311:v
4276:/
4267:→
4263:→
4231:→
4195:→
4191:→
4144:→
4128:→
4108::
4091:/
4086::
4068::
4058:→
4029:→
3985:→
3971:→
3943:→
3918:→
3914:+
3885:→
3859:→
3840:/
3821:→
3792:→
3778:→
3754:→
3735:→
3716:→
3693:→
3672:→
3668:→
3655:→
3642:G
3623:→
3619:→
3580:/
3571:→
3495:→
3471:→
3458:→
3456:K
3416:e
3409:t
3402:v
3246:/
3167:)
3154:)
3142:(
3102:)
3098:(
3040:e
3033:t
3026:v
2235:e
2228:t
2221:v
2188:.
2176::
2149:.
2127::
2100:.
2076::
2044:.
2020::
2012::
1985:.
1973::
1950:.
1936::
1894:.
1882::
1859:.
1845::
1818:.
1796::
1769:.
1747::
1691::
1664:.
1639:.
1627::
1603:.
1597::
1567:.
1543::
1516:.
1496::
1473:.
1451::
941:(
939:m
883:3
859:2
852:3
828:2
821:3
797:2
649:m
645:K
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