672:
757:
697:
29:
143:
624:. Marco Cristini adds that both cities are fatally attacked during a feast; their heroes both leave their wives to fight, and both see their kings die. Cristini comments further that "The most evident analogy is perhaps the behaviour of Creusa and Idril, who clasp the knees of their husbands to prevent them from joining again the battle when all hope is lost." Scholars have noted that Tolkien himself drew classical parallels for the assault, writing that "Nor
379:
352:
364:
186:, the Lord of Waters, shows Turgon the Vale of Tumladen in a dream. Thus guided, Turgon travels from his kingdom in Nevrast and finds it. Within the Encircling Mountains is a round level plain surrounded by sheer walls; a ravine and tunnel, the Hidden Way, lead out to the southwest. In the middle of the vale is the steep Amon Gwareth, the "Hill of Watch". There Turgon decides to found a city, designed like the
598:'s betrayal of Gondolin, which ultimately led to its downfall and ruin. Conversely, Greenman notes that Idril's advice to enact a contingency plan for a secret escape route out of Gondolin was heeded by her people, unlike the warning of Cassandra; and that Idril had always rejected Maeglin's advances and remained faithful to Tuor, unlike Helen who left her husband King
404:, plus the bodyguard of Tuor, accounted as the twelfth. Each house has a distinct symbol: a mole, a swallow, the heavens, a pillar, a tower of snow, a tree, a golden flower, a fountain, a harp, a hammer and anvil, and finally the triple symbol of the King, namely the moon, sun, and scarlet heart worn by the Royal Guard.
772:
To defeat
Gondolin, Melkor (at first called Melko) uses monsters, Orcs and Balrogs, supported by "beasts like snakes and dragons of irresistible might that should overcreep the Encircling Hills and lap that plain and its fair city in flame and death". The monstrous beasts are not of flesh and blood,
724:
The scholar of heraldry Cătălin Hriban writes that the emblems of the houses of
Gondolin are simple and figurative, depicting familiar real-world objects. He notes that standard British texts on heraldry describe similar devices. He comments that Maeglin the traitor, of the House of Moles, fittingly
614:
carried the Greeks into Troy, where they set fire to it, paralleled by the fire-serpents which carried "Balrogs in hundreds" into
Gondolin. Tolkien's serpents are matched by the great serpents with "burning eyes, fiery and suffused with blood, their tongues a-flicker out of hissing maws" which kill
777:
that they might flow ... around and above all obstacles", and are armoured so that they clang hollowly when bombarded or attacked with fire. Garth comments that these are not so much like mythical dragons as "the tanks of the Somme", and that to the story's Elf-narrator, a combustion engine would
773:
but are made by "smiths and sorcerers". There are three kinds, Garth explains: heavy, slow, bronze dragons that can break gaps in
Gondolin's walls; fiery monsters, unable to climb the steep smooth hill on which the city sits; and iron dragons in which Orc-soldiers can ride, and which travel on "
452:
and in early versions of the story iron machines powered by "internal fires". These are used to carry soldiers, to surmount difficult obstacles, and to defeat fortifications. Idril, noted for her intuition, had prepared a secret route out of
Gondolin prior to the siege. While her father Turgon
194:. Gondolin is built in secret. The Hidden Way is protected by seven gates, all constantly guarded; the first of wood, then stone, bronze, iron, silver, gold, and steel. After it is completed, he brings all his people from Nevrast to dwell in the hidden city—almost a third of the Noldor of
609:
Alexander Bruce writes that
Tolkien's tale parallels Virgil's account, but varies the story. Thus, Morgoth attacks while Gondolin's guard is lowered during a great feast, whereas the Trojans were celebrating the Greeks' apparent retreat, with the additional note of treachery. The
619:
and his sons. Aeneas and his wife Creusa become separated during their escape; her ghost pleads with him to leave when he searches for her, and he travels to Italy; in contrast, Tuor and Idril escape to Sirion together, eventually sailing from there to
696:
671:
494:, situated long after the events they narrate; both have "gods" (Tolkien's Valar) in the action; and both involve an escape. David Greenman compares the actions of Tolkien's quest-heroes to those of
753:. In his view, the tale's first half seems to reflect Tolkien's "slow acceptance of duty" at the start of the war, while the second half "surely reverberates to his collision with war itself."
665:
is thrown down from Troy's walls. Tolkien changes the outcome: Eärendil resists, and Tuor appears just in time to rescue him by throwing
Maeglin from the walls instead.
166:, is founded with divine inspiration. The mightiest of the Elvish cities, it is hidden by mountains and endures for centuries before being betrayed and destroyed.
440:
sends an army over the
Encircling Mountains during Gondolin's festival of The Gates of Summer, and sacks the city with relative ease. Morgoth's army consists of
384:
Maeglin's House of Moles wore plain black: "Sable was their harness, and they bore no sign or emblem, but their round caps of steel were covered with moleskin."
76:
by the king's nephew, Maeglin; and of its subsequent siege and catastrophic destruction by
Morgoth's armies. It also relates the flight of the fugitives to the
222::] They are old swords, very old swords of the High Elves of the West, my kin. They were made in Gondolin for the Goblin-wars. They must have come from a
432:. Maeglin is captured while mining outside the Encircling Mountains, against Turgon's orders. Maeglin is promised Lordship as well as Turgon's daughter
211:
357:
Each House of
Gondolin had its own emblem; in the House of the Harp, "a harp of silver shone in their blazonry upon a field of black."
594:: like the prophetess, Idril had a premonition of impending danger and like Helen, her beauty played a major role in instigating
372:'s bodyguard "wore wings as it were of swans or gulls upon their helms, and the emblem of the White Wing was upon their shields."
1341:
1309:
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95:-like iron fighting machines in Morgoth's army in early versions of the story, written soon after Tolkien returned from the
1392:
1172:"Aeneidic and Odyssean Patterns of Escape and Release in Tolkien's 'The Fall of Gondolin' and 'The Return of the King'"
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1214:: Vol. 15 (2022): There and Back Again: Tolkien and the Greco–Roman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki).
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states that Tolkien wrote his 1917 story "The Fall of Gondolin" in hospital after returning to England from the
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301:-hoard. Each of these weapons has the ability to reveal nearby Orcs by glowing; they terrify Orcs in battle.
276:
810:'stone of song' (whereby figuratively the Gnomes meant stone that was carven and wrought to great beauty)".
783:
330:
or the Secret Place, for I am hidden from the eyes of Melko; but they who love me most greatly call me
725:
has the colour black; like the animal, his people are miners, used to living underground in the dark.
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perishes as his tower is destroyed, Idril flees the city, defended by her husband Tuor, a prince of
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827:) (a) in having Western and some Northern elements, and (b) in incorporating a good many Noldorin-
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484:, noting that both cities were famed for their walls, and likening Tolkien's tale to Virgil's
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226:'s hoard or goblin plunder, for dragons and goblins destroyed that city many ages ago. This,
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8:
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1024:"'In the Hilt is Fame': Resonances of Medieval Swords and Sword-lore in J.R.R. Tolkien's
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234:, the Goblin-cleaver in the ancient tongue of Gondolin; it was a famous blade. This,
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states that the active male Elves of Gondolin belong to one of the 11 "Houses" or
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that is greatest among Men, saw such terror as fell that day upon Amon Gwareth".
559:
802:
Tolkien explained its origin in his "Name-list to "The Fall of Gondolin" thus: "
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28:
1138:"The Fall of Gondolin and the Fall of Troy: Tolkien and Book II of the Aeneid"
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words in more or less Sindarized forms. Thus the city was usually called
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126:
117:; the role of Tuor's wife Idril has similarly been compared to that of
33:
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Tolkien appears to have based one scene on another classical source,
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dialect, containing regional elements and words adapted from another
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99:. They have likened the story of the Fall of Gondolin to the sack of
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765:
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242:, Foe-hammer that the king of Gondolin once wore. Keep them well!"
760:"Beasts like snakes and dragons of irresistible might": a British
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1235:"The Eye and the Tree. The Semantics of Middle-earth Heraldry"
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similarly likens the mechanical dragons to vehicles driven by
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Tolkien stated that "This differed from the standard [
1072:
Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth
310:, the city has seven names: "’Tis said and ’tis sung:
529:
Escape from wreck of a kingdom, creation of a new one
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963:
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768:
where Tolkien fought on the Somme in September 1916
318:, City of Stone and City of the Dwellers in Stone;
198:'s House—and nearly three quarters of the northern
154:. Gondolin (centre top) is encircled by mountains.
590:, two prominent female figures in accounts of the
393:Heraldry of Middle-earth § Houses of Gondolin
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68:tells of the arrival there of Tuor, a prince of
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728:
72:; of the betrayal of the city to the dark Lord
1249:
681:'s great serpents that kill the Trojan priest
1259:(December 1996). "Tolkien and Space Travel".
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1131:
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1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
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778:look like "a metal heart filled with flame".
1022:Whetter, K. S.; McDonald, R. Andrew (2006).
895:, Ch. 23, "Of Tuor and the Fall of Gondolin"
32:The fall of Turgon's Tower. Illustration by
1204:"The Fall of Two Cities: Troy and Gondolin"
898:
424:The city stands for nearly 400 years until
1118:
1048:
677:Tolkien's fire-serpents are paralleled by
436:, whom he had long coveted. The dark lord
212:List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth
169:Gondolin is founded by King Turgon in the
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506:David Greenman's analysis of classical "
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27:
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710:' account of the throwing of the young
19:For the South African fossil site, see
1385:
1232:
929:, "Words, Phrases and Passages", p. 29
552:Return to ravaged home, scour it clean
341:
338:the flower that blooms on the plain."
60:, and the greatest of their cities in
1135:
1099:
1061:
919:
917:
653:. Maeglin tries to throw Idril's son
970:, "The Fall of Gondolin" pp. 172–174
326:am I named, the Tower of the Guard,
91:Scholars have noted the presence of
16:Secret city in Tolkien's legendarium
1102:"The Feminine Principle in Tolkien"
979:
719:
706:from the city walls contrasts with
476:Tolkien scholars have compared the
13:
914:
702:Maeglin's failed attempt to throw
275:The Elven smiths of Gondolin make
14:
1409:
428:, Turgon's nephew, betrays it to
84:, and the childhood of their son
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578:Greenman compares and contrasts
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362:
350:
190:Elves' former city of Tirion in
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1010:Template:Half-elven family tree
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472:Tolkien and the classical world
334:, for like a flower am I, even
1079:. pp. 214, 217, 220–221.
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869:
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735:The Great War and Middle-earth
636:, nor all the many takings of
558:on his long-delayed return to
162:, in the extreme northwest of
1:
858:
839:) with simple replacement of
1220:10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.200
1136:Bruce, Alexander M. (2012).
996:
729:Tolkien's wartime experience
657:from the city wall, just as
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7:
784:internal combustion engines
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293:and the dagger later named
285:, the Gondolin-made swords
137:
10:
1414:
1393:Fictional populated places
1280:
983:"The Official Name List".
863:
732:
469:
411:
390:
260:Gondolin develops its own
209:
205:
18:
742:Tolkien and the Great War
570:The Scouring of the Shire
1233:Hriban, Cătălin (2011).
1202:Cristini, Marco (2022).
1170:Greenman, David (1992).
789:
775:iron so cunningly linked
582:'s part in the story to
158:The city of Gondolin in
105:ancient Greek literature
1364:. Vol. 2. Boston:
1100:Rawls, Melanie (1984).
714:from the walls of Troy.
535:, escaping the ruin of
407:
132:
1398:Middle-earth locations
1361:The Book of Lost Tales
1012:for Turgon's ancestry.
911:, ch. 3 "A Short Rest"
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398:The Book of Lost Tales
322:the Stone of Song and
307:The Book of Lost Tales
244:
155:
82:Tuor and the Elf Idril
37:
1030:The Lord of the Rings
759:
733:Further information:
602:of Sparta for Prince
522:The Lord of the Rings
470:Further information:
412:Further information:
216:
210:Further information:
145:
42:Tolkien's legendarium
31:
1297:The Annotated Hobbit
1067:"Castles in the air"
941:ch. 3 "A Short Rest"
683:Laocoön and His Sons
632:, nor the towers of
518:Classical quest-hero
418:The Fall of Gondolin
48:is a secret city of
1356:Christopher Tolkien
1324:Christopher Tolkien
1292:Douglas A. Anderson
751:Battle of the Somme
511:
342:Houses and heraldry
125:in accounts of the
97:Battle of the Somme
64:. The story of the
1304:(published 2002).
1257:Appleyard, Anthony
986:Parma Eldalamberon
925:Parma Eldalamberon
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38:
1352:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1343:978-0-395-25730-2
1320:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1311:978-0-618-13470-0
1288:Tolkien, J. R. R.
1086:978-0-00711-953-0
981:Tolkien, J. R. R.
780:Anthony Appleyard
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230:, the runes name
80:, the wedding of
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989:(13): 100–105.
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923:
908:
905:Tolkien 1937
900:
893:Tolkien 1977
871:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
815:
803:
798:
771:
740:
739:In his book
738:
723:
648:
642:
612:Trojan Horse
608:
577:
521:
485:
475:
425:
423:
421:
401:
397:
396:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
280:
274:
259:
251:
245:
217:
174:
168:
164:Middle-earth
157:
112:
90:
58:Middle-earth
45:
39:
25:
1063:Garth, John
1044:(1): 19–20.
837:Ondolin(dë)
806:meaneth in
762:Mark I tank
336:Lothengriol
328:Gar Thurion
1387:Categories
1332:. Boston:
1300:. Boston:
1245:: 200–202.
1026:The Hobbit
909:The Hobbit
859:References
823:] (of
747:John Garth
592:Trojan War
324:Gwarestrin
282:The Hobbit
253:The Hobbit
127:Trojan War
40:In J.R.R.
34:Tom Loback
1354:(1984b).
1208:Thersites
1114:(3–4): 8.
997:Secondary
708:Euripides
645:Euripides
606:of Troy.
584:Cassandra
564:The four
466:Classical
291:Glamdring
240:Glamdring
196:Fingolfin
171:First Age
160:Beleriand
152:First Age
148:Beleriand
119:Cassandra
62:Beleriand
54:First Age
1322:(1977).
1290:(1937).
1271:45321694
1177:Mythlore
1143:Mythlore
1107:Mythlore
1065:(2003).
1037:Mythlore
849:Goenglin
835:(from Q.
833:Gondolin
821:Sindarin
804:Gondolin
766:Thiepval
712:Astyanax
704:Eärendil
663:Astyanax
655:Eärendil
600:Menelaus
556:Odysseus
500:Odysseus
461:Analysis
320:Gondolin
312:Gondobar
262:Sindarin
138:Founding
107:, or to
86:Eärendil
46:Gondolin
1358:(ed.).
1326:(ed.).
1294:(ed.).
1281:Sources
1262:Mallorn
878:p. 216.
864:Primary
845:Goenlin
825:Doriath
808:Gnomish
661:'s son
647:' play
622:Valinor
617:Laocoön
596:Maeglin
566:Hobbits
544:in the
450:dragons
446:Balrogs
438:Morgoth
430:Morgoth
426:Maeglin
287:Orcrist
236:Gandalf
232:Orcrist
206:Customs
192:Valinor
150:in the
74:Morgoth
52:in the
36:, 2007
1372:
1340:
1308:
1269:
1150:(3–4).
1083:
953:p. 158
843:, not
829:Quenya
679:Virgil
659:Hector
628:, nor
626:Bablon
560:Ithaca
533:Aeneas
496:Aeneas
487:Aeneid
270:Quenya
250:,
238:, was
228:Thorin
224:dragon
220:Elrond
200:Sindar
188:Noldor
179:, the
114:Aeneid
109:Virgil
1267:JSTOR
790:Notes
764:near
630:Ninwi
604:Paris
580:Idril
515:Event
508:quest
434:Idril
402:Thlim
299:Troll
295:Sting
279:. In
218:[
50:Elves
1370:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1028:and
1008:See
688:Troy
634:Trui
586:and
568:in "
542:Tuor
537:Troy
498:and
482:Troy
442:orcs
416:and
408:Fall
370:Tuor
332:Loth
184:Ulmo
181:Vala
133:City
101:Troy
93:tank
1216:doi
847:or
638:Rûm
455:Men
121:or
111:'s
103:in
70:Men
56:of
1389::
1368:.
1336:.
1241:.
1237:.
1212:15
1210:.
1206:.
1190:^
1182:18
1180:.
1174:.
1156:^
1148:30
1146:.
1140:.
1120:^
1112:30
1110:.
1104:.
1075:.
1069:.
1050:^
1042:25
1040:.
1034:.
958:^
927:17
916:^
907:,
883:^
851:".
841:g-
786:.
745:,
572:"
502:.
457:.
448:,
444:,
289:,
272:.
268:,
202:.
129:.
88:.
44:,
1378:.
1346:.
1314:.
1273:.
1243:8
1222:.
1218::
1089:.
1032:"
690:.
23:.
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