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225:, where Bertulfus and Crotoldus seem to be identical. Furthermore, the disputed episcopal lists of the 11th and 12th centuries ignore the historically attested Betulphus and make Gondulph the immediate successor of Monulph. The biographies of Gondulph from the Middle Ages are largely extracts from the
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Legend has obscured the historical facts about
Gondulph. If Jocundus is to be believed, Gondulph endeavoured to rebuild the town of Tongeren, which had been destroyed during the barbarian invasions. Heavenly intervention caused furious
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Monulph must have occupied the See of
Tongeren-Maastricht until the end of the 6th, beginning of the 7th century, because a bishop of Maastricht named Betulph (Betulphus) was present at the
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commemorating this event was later misinterpreted, giving rise to a legend according to which the two saints arose from their tomb in 1039 in order to assist at the dedication of
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in 614. Gondulph then could have been inserted between
Monulph and Betulphus, at least if Betulphus is not identified with Gondulph. The case is similar to the situation in the
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According to tradition
Gondulph occupied the episcopal see of Maastricht for seven years. This last date does not allow for his presence at the Paris Council in 614.
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in
Maastricht, which was built by his predecessor Monulph. In the 11th century, provost Humbert had a cenotaph erected above the alleged grave of the two saints.
171:. He remains an enigmatic figure. It has been questioned whether he could be identical with Betulph, a bishop of Maastricht mentioned in 614 (see below).
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210:(bishop of Tongeren) was retained until the 10th century, although the episcopal see had by that time been transferred from Maastricht to
229:, written by the 11th-century French priest Jocundus more than four centuries after Gondulph's death, and for that reason not reliable.
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and
Arthemia. He was married to Palatina, only known child of Maurilion Gallo, a Gallo-Roman aristocrat with likely ties to the
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to attack the pagan colonists of the region and devoured them before the eyes of the horrified bishop.
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saint. Together with Saint
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Very few facts are known about
Gondulph of Maastricht. According to a legend, his parents were
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court. By some reconstructions, the couple had a son named
Bodegisel II, who became
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The bodies of
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According to some 11th century sources Gondulph's predecessor
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6th or 7th-century Frankish bishop of Tongeren-Maastricht
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43:Hec nostris manibus dat vobis premia Christus
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121:Gondulfus, Gundulphus
81:Roman Catholic Church
49:Cinquantenaire Museum
106:Often depicted with
41:inscription reads: "
208:episcopus Tungrorum
186:Line of succession
169:Duke of Aquitaine
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125:Bethulphus
102:Attributes
200:Tongeren
161:Munderic
119:(Latin:
117:Gondulph
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192:Monulph
178:of the
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96:17 June
243:wolves
155:Legend
260:. An
212:Liège
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69:Died
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