669:
203:
126:
4001:
3947:
142:
1015:. Subsequently, religious institutions had to be reregistered leaving all institution ousted not fitting the state's religious beliefs. The 2010 law on language requires all documents to be made in Tajik. This creates difficulties for the many inhabitants of Gorno Badakhshan who do not speak Tajik to access state services. Facing this marginalization Pamiris express their distinctive identity against western Tajiks along secterian lines, even though there is considerable difference in ethnicity, religion and language amongst themselves.
1655:
486:(Tajik SSR). The Soviet Orientalists' obsession with categorization of peoples led to the fixation of among others the identity category of Pamiris, or 'Mountain Tajiks' in the Soviet ethnogenesis. During the Soviet Union years, a lot of resources had been allocated to Gorno Badakhshan as borderland of the Soviet Union, for instance through privileged access to higher education and the construction of infrastructure like the Pamir highway in 1935, which is still remembered nowadays as a time of modernity. Therefore,
186:
1383:
4127:
172:
4162:
1028:
4067:
4050:
4033:
3930:
575:. The violent clashes between Tajiikistani military and the GBAO population in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2021 and in 2022 are peaks in the steady militarization of the region. Spectators assess these actions by the government as strategy to gain full political control over the formerly autonomous Gorno-Badakhshan, as well as over the informal opium trade, culminating in the assassination of several influential local leaders. This violates the Tajik peace accord.
156:
654:
593:
863:
3988:
4017:
3980:
3919:
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579:
protestors, but also journalists and human rights activists were detained in the subsequent cover-up. Additionally, the government seized properties and kidnapped even oppositional
Pamiris abroad. Some human rights activists describe the situation as 'ethnic cleansing'. Genocide watch is stressing the polarization and the persecution of Pamiris through the government.
547:
altogether, seeing
Badakhshan's territory in its entirety belonging to Tajikistan. Instead, the ceding of land belonging to Kuhistani Badakhshan in 2011 to China by some, especially in Gorno-Badakhshan was perceived as territorial loss and sparked anxieties about further encroachments of the Chinese state.
526:
delivered supplies to Gorno-Badakhshan from
Kyrgyzstan, which prevented the starvation of the population during the civil war. While the AKDN itself frames this engagement as temporary measure, many of the inhabitants demand a permanent presence of humanitarian aid. Many see it as continuation from
1429:
Even though connectivity is promoted in Gorno-Badakhshan, as the "Golden gate of
Tajikistan" local traders largely do not profit from the rise of trade. Instead logistic companies and elites from Dushanbe dominate the long-distance trade, as the Pamiris are increasingly excluded from central posts
546:
does not recognize this treaty and continues to claim the territory, as reflected in its official maps. Whereas the government of
Tajikistan celebrates the ceding of land as diplomatic victory, many Tajikistani scholars, opposition and parts of the population contest the existence of a 'dispute'
578:
In May 2022, Tajik government forces killed 40 civilians protesting against the torture and murdering of the youth representative
Gulbiddin Ziyobekov. The Tajik interior ministry stated that the protestors attempted to "destabilise the social and political situation" in the region. Many of the
1430:
and have to obtain visas from
Dushanbe to travel to China, which is very costly. In June 2022, after local protesters blocking the road were imprisoned, some even killed, a Chinese company started the modernization of a Pamir highway section at the cost of US$ 200 million.
1393:
During the 20th century, the Soviet modernity project to establish roads connections in the Pamir led to the communities becoming part of a transit district between Osh, Khorog and
Dushanbe. Nowadays, the routes Khorog–Osh and Khorog–Dushanbe are both segments of the
510:
during the Tajik Civil war, which demanded autonomy and democratic rule for the region. Regionalism was an important structuring factor in the Tajik Civil war, so that the
Ismaili identity became a key marker of mobilization. La'al-e Badakhsan joined the
1010:
The
Pamiris are increasingly being marginalilzed in linguistic and religious terms, as they deviate from the vision for nationhood of the Tajik state. In 2009 the year of I'mam Hanafi Islam was celebrated, but a majority of Pamiris are followers of
527:
the provisioning of goods during the Soviet times. This shared experience of Soviet and Ismaili development aid together with the neglect and crackdown by the Tajik state led to people perceiving themselves as Pamiri rather than Tajik.
534:(PRC), from the Chinese state perspective ending a 130-year-old border dispute and China's claims to over 28,000 km (11,000 sq mi) of Tajik territory. At other instances Chinese scholars claimed control over the entire
478:
The Tajikistani Badakhshan as distinctive polity with its contemporary Western borders and the Russian designation GBAO was created as autonomous republic in 1925. Later in 1929, this was changed to
519:, which constituted the later government and then excluded from the political sphere of independent Tajikistan. The Gorno-Badakhshan government later backed down from its calls for independence.
3120:
2835:
921:
Most people living in the Pamir are multilingual, as different languages are used in different situations. Gorno-Badakhshan is home to a number of distinct languages and dialects of the
1656:
661:
Darvoz District is the western "beak" of the province. West-central Gorno-Badakhshan is mostly a series of east–west mountain ranges separated by valleys of rivers that flow into the
402:
Borders and political authority in the Western Pamir had always been contested by imperial powers. Between the 17th and 19th century, several semi-self governing statelets, including
555:
A number of violent clashes and demonstrations have occurred in the region since the end of the civil war, with major incidences of civil unrest in 2012, 2014, 2018, 2021, and 2022.
4193:
506:
broke out in 1992, the local government in Gorno-Badakhshan declared independence from Tajikistan. Many politically active Pamiris later joined the democratic political movement
1931:
665:. The districts correspond to the river valleys. Murghob District occupies the eastern half of the province and is mostly a desolate plateau with high mountains on the west.
384:). The Russian abbreviation "GBAO" is also commonly used in English-language publications by national and international bodies such as the government of Tajikistan and the
3714:
494:. In scholarly discourse, this is regarded as a measure to safeguard loyalty to state socialism of the subjects at the strategically important Soviet 'frontier'.
3015:
2990:
1926:
668:
2965:
4186:
4402:
985:
are also widely spoken throughout Gorno-Badakhshan. Many Eastern-Iranian languages spoken in Gorno-Badakhshan are on the endangered list of the UNESCO.
4407:
4422:
4179:
4146:
4107:
3516:
1873:
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3674:
3625:
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3287:
3235:
2683:
2634:
2585:
2397:
2184:
2724:
470:. This imperial history still has relevance nowadays as it determined contemporary southeastern borders of the present-day autonomous region.
1989:
202:
2759:
4392:
1007:
in the 2000s. The government banned and persecuted this movement among others as part of their wider campaign against non-state Islam.
491:
3094:
3387:"Defining normative Islam: some remarks on contemporary Islamic thought in Tajikistan – Hoji Akbar Turajonzoda's Sharia and society"
4417:
3067:
2914:
4202:
1861:
Tajikistan shall consist of the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region, regions, towns, districts, settlements, and villages.
1291:
The chairman of the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region is the head of the regional government. They are appointed by the
479:
2779:"Introduction: Encounters After the Soviet Collapse: The Contemporary Chinese Presence in the Former Soviet Union Border Zone"
4255:
3911:
3650:
3601:
3552:
3500:
3443:
3263:
3211:
2659:
2610:
2561:
2373:
2338:
2303:
2160:
2133:
2090:
2009:
736:
563:, after Ayombekov was accused of murdering a Tajik general. On 18 May 2022, around 200 anti-government demonstrators, led by
530:
In 2011, Tajikistan ratified a 1999 treaty to cede 1,000 km (390 sq mi) of land in the Pamir Mountains to the
371:. "Gorno-Badakhshan" literally means "mountainous Badakhshan" and is derived from the Russian name of the autonomous region,
3855:
1905:
1807:
3330:"Islam, secularism and danger: a reconsideration of the link between religiosity, radicalism and rebellion in Central Asia"
4270:
4100:
3821:"The Impact of Land-Reform Legislation on Pasture Tenure in Gorno-Badakhshan: From Common Resource to Private Property?"
3041:
4371:
4353:
4151:
3884:
3864:
3761:
4126:
895:
The population living in Gorno-Badakhshan as of 2019 is estimated at 226,900. The largest city in Gorno-Badakhshan is
4223:
1447:
640:
614:
622:
4335:
4307:
3688:
2365:
The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan : Nationalism, Islamism and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Space
1890:... It goes through the highlands along the Pamir mountain range in the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region.
483:
21:
4397:
4265:
4093:
618:
3755:
Hoeck, Tobias; Droux, Roman; Breu, Thomas; Hurni, Hans; Maselli, Daniel (2007). "Rural energy consumption and
3739:
4292:
4245:
3877:
2939:
2033:"Contested Views of Contested Territories : How Tajik Society Views the Tajik-Chinese Border Settlement"
1953:"Contested Views of Contested Territories : How Tajik Society Views the Tajik-Chinese Border Settlement"
1527:
1064:
910:
According to the State Statistical Committee of Tajikistan, most inhabitants of Gorno-Badakhshan identify as
556:
531:
335:
The official English name of the autonomous region is the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region. The name
2885:
2448:
4287:
1575:
523:
414:, ruled over the territories that are today a part of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan and
327:. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area but only two percent of its population.
4412:
3790:
Robinson, Sarah; Guenther, Tanya (2007). "Rural Livelihoods in Three Mountainous Regions of Tajikistan".
516:
459:
3121:"'We want the truth': families of ethnic Pamiris killed in Tajikistan call for justice as tensions rise"
4280:
4275:
3865:
State agency on antiexclusive politics and support of business at Government of Republic of Tadjikistan
1812:
1039:
3154:
1446:, in coordination with Tajikistan, committed 37 million euros to finance the construction of an 11 MW
4240:
4228:
3329:
1450:
along the Shokhdara river. The project is intended to also supply energy to Badakhshan, Afghanistan.
875:
4317:
4297:
4260:
4250:
4233:
4218:
2736:
603:
213:
3386:
2246:
2199:
1856:
4312:
2731:
1731:
1502:
1292:
607:
564:
512:
438:
in 1896 denominated their shared border through the Pamir, which resulted in the creation of the
292:
4161:
4302:
2991:"Tajikistan: UN experts sound alarm about tensions in GBAO, urge protection of Pamiri minority"
1927:"Tajikistan: UN experts sound alarm about tensions in GBAO, urge protection of Pamiri minority"
1522:
1472:
704:
443:
2525:
4116:
2413:"Where Empires Meet : Orientalism and Marginality at the Former Russo-British Frontier*"
1702:
1547:
1512:
559:
erupted on 24 July 2012 between the Tajik military and militants loyal to the former warlord
503:
316:
65:
2001:
125:
3770:
2966:"Tajikistan: UN expert fears crackdown against Pamiri minority could spiral out of control"
1532:
147:
2074:
Identity, History and Trans-Nationality in Central Asia: The Mountain Communities of Pamir
8:
4171:
4060:
4043:
4026:
3759:
in a post-Soviet setting – an example from the west Pamir mountains in Tajikistan".
1580:
1557:
1507:
1492:
1477:
938:
755:), nicknamed "the roof of the world" by locals. Three of the five 7,000 meter summits in
728:
415:
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3619:
3570:
3461:
3414:
3367:
3281:
3229:
2816:
2697:
2677:
2628:
2579:
2501:"The Formation and Consolidation of Pamiri Ethnic Identity in Tajikistan. Dissertation"
2500:
2391:
2274:
2247:"Humans as territory: forced resettlement and the making of Soviet Tajikistan, 1920–38"
2227:
2178:
2096:
1562:
1552:
1497:
1482:
1411:
954:
760:
710:
427:
3869:
3782:
767:(formerly Lenin Peak, and still known by that name on its Kyrgyz flank; 7,134 m), and
141:
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3820:
3811:
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3607:
3597:
3558:
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3496:
3449:
3439:
3418:
3406:
3371:
3359:
3269:
3259:
3217:
3207:
3128:
2836:"What is happening in Tajikistan? Background information on the situation in Khorugh"
2820:
2808:
2665:
2655:
2616:
2606:
2567:
2557:
2506:. School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Turkey (M.S. thesis)
2430:
2379:
2369:
2344:
2334:
2309:
2299:
2278:
2266:
2231:
2219:
2166:
2156:
2129:
2100:
2086:
2005:
1902:
1517:
1135:
1092:
958:
946:
942:
698:
539:
423:
407:
378:
3819:
Robinson, Sarah; Whitton, Mark; Biber-Klemm, Susette; Muzofirshoev, Nodaleb (2010).
3482:
2115:
2072:
3832:
3799:
3778:
3756:
3488:
3398:
3349:
3341:
3310:
2798:
2790:
2420:
2258:
2211:
2121:
2078:
2044:
1997:
1964:
1886:
The Republic of Tajikistan in the east borders with the People's Republic of China.
1746:
1717:
1679:
1601:
1487:
1415:
978:
974:
930:
926:
925:
group. The Pamiri language speakers represented in Gorno-Badakshan are speakers of
716:
522:
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Ismaili development organization
340:
104:
3345:
2794:
871:
723:
Gorno-Badakhshan covers the entire eastern part of Tajikistan and borders China's
430:
held political authority over the region until the Western Pamir was colonized by
3859:
3852:
3402:
2859:
2473:
2262:
2215:
1909:
1542:
1537:
1419:
1000:
970:
922:
748:
740:
692:
680:
560:
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507:
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used to have facilitated upwards mobility and access to political offices in the
439:
411:
403:
356:
324:
177:
2778:
4345:
4141:
3972:
3740:Опубликован календарь матчей турнира по хоккею с мячом Азиады-2011 (in Russian)
3517:"The State Language Day marked in Tajikistan today | Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus"
1782:
1693:
1439:
1382:
982:
962:
950:
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to the north. Within Tajikistan, Gorno-Badakhshan's western border is with the
467:
435:
431:
385:
348:
185:
87:
3803:
3660:
3611:
3562:
3453:
3302:
3273:
3221:
3179:
2669:
2620:
2571:
2170:
4386:
3642:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3593:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3544:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3481:
Kemper, Michael; Motika, Raoul; Reichmuth, Stefan, eds. (11 September 2009).
3435:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3410:
3363:
3255:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3203:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
3132:
2812:
2651:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2602:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2553:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
2434:
2383:
2348:
2313:
2270:
2223:
2152:
Azan on the moon : entangling modernity along Tajikistan's Pamir Highway
1817:
1395:
1350:
1012:
999:
is widespread. Still, there are also Sunnis Muslims in Gorno-Badakhshan. The
969:
valley, became extinct in the 19th century. There is a sizable population of
915:
911:
686:
455:
36:
23:
4327:
4210:
4136:
3640:
3591:
3542:
3433:
3253:
3201:
2649:
2600:
2551:
2150:
756:
662:
463:
171:
3492:
2412:
2363:
2328:
2293:
2125:
2082:
4072:
4055:
4038:
2526:"Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO) :: Regions of Tajikistan"
2200:"Friendship under lock and key: the Soviet Central Asian border, 1918–34"
752:
419:
4085:
3300:
2048:
1968:
1027:
3935:
3923:
3354:
2803:
2330:
Isma'ili modern : globalization and identity in a Muslim community
1403:
1399:
1386:
992:
966:
768:
764:
732:
653:
397:
320:
218:
3818:
2032:
1952:
1063:
The First Secretary of the Gorno–Badakhshan Regional Committee of the
870:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
155:
4363:
3314:
447:
2425:
592:
3994:
3940:
3095:"Tajikistan: "ethnic cleansing" and repression in the Tajik Pamirs"
1857:"Constitution (Basic Law) of the Republic of Tajikistan, Article 7"
1407:
996:
763:(formerly Communism Peak, and, before that, Stalin Peak; 7,495 m),
724:
454:
equally worked for expending their influence in the Pamir. So, the
282:
161:
2295:
Post-Cosmopolitan Cities : Explorations of Urban Coexistence
1718:[ʋɪlɔˈjatʰɪmʊχˈtʰɔɾɪkʰɵhɪsˈtʰɔnɪbɐdɐχˈʃɔn(ˌʋeˌmeˌkʰeˈbe)]
1443:
989:
904:
515:
in 1997. Because of that, they were subsequently targeted by the
487:
451:
3715:"EU Commits 20 Million Euros for HPP Construction in Tajikistan"
914:. The remainder of the population perceive themselves as either
1747:[ˈgornəbədɐxˈʂanskəjəɐftɐˈnomnəjəˈobɫəsʲtʲ(ˌgɛˌbɛˌaˈo)]
1423:
896:
572:
568:
543:
228:
131:
3484:
Islamic Education in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States
2915:"The assassination that shook the Pamir Mountains to the core"
2298:. Vera Skvirskaja. New York, NY: Berghahn Books. p. 222.
2071:
Dagiev, Dagikhudo; Faucher, Carole, eds. (28 September 2018).
1067:
was the highest position in the region during the Soviet era.
4006:
3952:
3068:"Tajikistan: Autonomous Region Protesters Denied Fair Trials"
2777:
Hofman, Irna; Visser, Oane; Kalinovsky, Artemy (3 May 2020).
2114:
Kemper, Michael; Conermann, Stephan, eds. (1 February 2011).
1841:
Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008
1642:
1633:
1459:
1004:
3689:"Tajikistan: China attaches strings to $ 204m highway grant"
1610:
366:
360:
3301:
Schmitz, Andrea; Stiftung Wissenschaft Und Politik (2019).
1876:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan
1624:
1616:
4201:
1639:
1136:
1093:
1607:
2043:, Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University,
1963:, Slavic-Eurasian Research Center, Hokkaido University,
3899:
3328:
Montgomery, David W.; Heathershaw, John (2 July 2016).
1003:, a fundamentalist Sunni missionary movement conducted
2886:"What Are the Causes of Protests in Gorno-Badakhshan?"
2776:
3480:
3327:
2860:"Tajikistan clashes: 'Many dead' in Gorno-Badakhshan"
2498:
1736:
1645:
1636:
1613:
446:, but also the ruling elites of Badakhshan, Bukhara,
372:
3042:"Tajikistan: Free Autonomous Region Rights Defender"
2909:
2907:
1808:"Definition of 'Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region'"
1783:"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"
1630:
1621:
3754:
1707:
1627:
1604:
907:is the second largest, with about 4,000 residents.
657:
Map of Gorno-Badakhshan and surrounding territories
1946:
1944:
1942:
747:. The highest elevations in the region are in the
2904:
2449:"Political background situation Gorno-Badakhshan"
2333:. Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press. p. 25.
4384:
3853:Map of the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan
3789:
4147:Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
2113:
1939:
1402:in 2004 by China in order to connect Khorog to
3719:Delegation of the European Union to Tajikistan
1843:, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008
1738:Gorno-Badahšanskaja avtonomnaja oblastj (GBAO)
739:(DRP) and the tip of its southwestern finger (
4187:
4101:
3885:
2833:
2760:"Taiwan's Status Is a Geopolitical Absurdity"
2070:
1994:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History
1724:
988:The majority religion in Gorno-Badakhshan is
793:
434:, completed in 1896. Although Russia and the
110:
3638:
3589:
3540:
3431:
3251:
3199:
3016:"Nine killed in clash in eastern Tajikistan"
2647:
2598:
2549:
2410:
2244:
2148:
1775:
1726:Горно-Бадахшанская автономная область (ГБАО)
1709:Viloyati Muxtori Ko‘histoni Badaxshon (VMKB)
1070:
550:
422:. In the late 19th century, the emirates of
3303:"Tajikistan on the road to totalitarianism"
1663:
1398:. A third road was constructed through the
621:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
93:
4403:States and territories established in 1925
4194:
4180:
4108:
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2030:
1987:
1950:
1836:
1834:
582:
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3384:
3353:
2802:
2424:
2361:
2326:
1698:Вилояти Мухтори Кӯҳистони Бадахшон (ВМКБ)
1406:. Gorno-Badakhshan is separated from the
641:Learn how and when to remove this message
3092:
2411:Mostowlansky, Till (15 September 2014).
2291:
1381:
771:(formerly Korzhenevskoi Peak, 7,105 m).
667:
652:
374:Gorno-Badakhshanskaya avtonomnaya oblast
313:Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region
74:Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region
4408:1925 establishments in the Soviet Union
2827:
2117:The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies
1831:
1286:
676:The districts of Gorno-Badakhshan are:
442:, other regional powers like China and
256:64,200 km (24,800 sq mi)
51:Autonomous region in Khorog, Tajikistan
4423:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
4385:
4203:Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
3247:
3245:
3152:
2940:"Peace agreement broken in Tajikistan"
2757:
2518:
2492:
2066:
2064:
1761:Acting chairman until 12 February 2007
1465:
1418:by the narrow, but nearly impassable,
4175:
4089:
3912:Districts of Republican Subordination
3873:
3596:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. prologue.
3487:(0 ed.). Routledge. p. 99.
3195:
3193:
3118:
2716:
2002:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.46
1745:
1716:
1458:Khorog is the highest location where
737:Districts of Republican Subordination
497:
112:Горно-Бадахшанская автономная область
3907:
2556:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 109–110.
2197:
2120:(0 ed.). Routledge. p. 4.
2077:(1 ed.). Routledge. p. 1.
1990:"Historical Geography of the Pamirs"
1422:. Another road leads from Khorog to
1022:
899:, with a population of 30,300 (2019
856:
619:adding citations to reliable sources
586:
3900:Places adjacent to Gorno-Badakhshan
3242:
2061:
1988:Kreutzmann, Hermann (24 May 2017),
1298:
13:
4393:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
4152:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
3984:Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
3762:Energy for Sustainable Development
3748:
3190:
3119:Tondo, Lorenzo (4 February 2022).
2155:. Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 37–39.
1448:run-of-the-river hydro power plant
788:
571:which led to the regional capital
95:Вилояти Мухтори Кӯҳистони Бадахшон
14:
4434:
3846:
3825:Mountain Research and Development
1874:"Tajikistan–China state boundary"
725:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
538:. However, the government of the
4160:
4125:
4065:
4048:
4031:
4015:
3999:
3986:
3978:
3961:
3945:
3928:
3917:
3838:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-09-00011.1
2698:"Tajikistan cedes land to China"
1600:
1026:
861:
591:
201:
184:
170:
154:
140:
124:
4418:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
3733:
3707:
3681:
3645:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 152.
3632:
3583:
3547:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 107.
3534:
3509:
3474:
3425:
3378:
3321:
3294:
3258:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 134.
3172:
3153:Baxley, Mia (31 October 2022).
3146:
3112:
3086:
3060:
3034:
3008:
2983:
2958:
2932:
2878:
2852:
2770:
2751:
2722:
2690:
2654:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 109.
2641:
2592:
2543:
2466:
2441:
2404:
2355:
2320:
2285:
2238:
2191:
2142:
2107:
2024:
1981:
1755:
774:
731:to the south, and Kyrgyzstan's
484:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
473:
16:Autonomous region of Tajikistan
3438:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 80.
2605:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 78.
2499:Suhrobsho Davlatshoev (2006).
2245:Kassymbekova, Botakoz (2011).
1919:
1895:
1866:
1849:
1800:
1684:
1593:
1426:and across the Afghan border.
458:has been demarked de facto as
207:Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan
1:
4016:
3962:
3783:10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60563-3
3385:Epkenhans, Tim (March 2011).
3346:10.1080/09637494.2016.1220177
3206:. Pittsburgh, PA. p. 8.
3093:Novastan (27 November 2022).
2795:10.1080/10758216.2020.1746912
2758:Horton, Chris (8 July 2019).
1768:
1528:Muhammadboqir Muhammadboqirov
1065:Communist Party of Tajikistan
1058:
1018:
3987:
3979:
3403:10.1080/02634937.2011.554056
2735:(in Chinese). Archived from
2263:10.1080/02634937.2011.607916
2216:10.1080/02634937.2011.607966
1576:Extreme points of Tajikistan
1377:
759:are located here, including
367:
361:
7:
3639:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3590:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3541:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3432:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3334:Religion, State and Society
3252:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3200:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
3155:"Tajikistan Country Report"
2648:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2599:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2550:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
2292:Humphrey, Caroline (2012).
2149:Mostowlansky, Till (2017).
1996:, Oxford University Press,
1737:
1708:
1569:
918:or of other nationalities.
727:to the east, Afghanistan's
377:(literally Gorno-Badakshan
373:
10:
4439:
2783:Problems of Post-Communism
2031:Bitabarova, Assel (2015),
1951:Bitabarova, Assel (2015),
1813:Collins English Dictionary
1241:Khushkadam Davlyatkadamov
532:People's Republic of China
395:
391:
80:Name transcription(s)
4362:
4344:
4326:
4209:
4158:
4132:
4123:
3905:
3858:27 September 2007 at the
3804:10.1080/14631370701312352
2327:Steinberg, Jonah (2011).
1725:
1697:
1453:
1433:
1071:List of first secretaries
965:, formerly spoken in the
888:
854:
806:—
551:21st century civil unrest
352:
344:
291:
281:
273:
265:
260:
252:
247:
239:
234:
224:
212:
200:
118:
111:
101:
94:
84:
79:
72:
63:
56:
3792:Post-Communist Economies
2725:
1586:
3180:"Tajikistan: Provinces"
2732:Hebei Normal University
2368:. Lanham. pp. xi.
2362:Epkenhans, Tim (2016).
1503:Manuchehr Kholiqnazarov
1293:president of Tajikistan
1208:Nadzhmiddin Abdullayev
583:Districts and geography
565:Mamadboqir Mamadboqirov
513:United Tajik Opposition
330:
277:3.5/km (9.2/sq mi)
2834:Roof-top Info (2022).
2198:Shaw, Charles (2011).
1903:BADAḴŠĀN iii. The name
1673:mountainous Badakhshan
1523:Muboraksho Mirzoshoyev
1473:Qimmatgul Aliberdiyeva
1390:
1317:Alimamad Niyozmamadov
1110:Konstantin Moiseyenko
889:Source: Citypopulation
673:
658:
488:people from the Pamirs
355:) is derived from the
4398:Regions of Tajikistan
4117:Regions of Tajikistan
3493:10.4324/9780203027929
3184:www.citypopulation.de
2478:Minority Rights Group
2126:10.4324/9780203832752
2083:10.4324/9781351124263
2037:Eurasia Border Review
1957:Eurasia Border Review
1787:hdi.globaldatalab.org
1548:Sabzajon Shoismoilova
1513:Ulfatmo Mamadambarova
1385:
1274:Soibnazar Beknazarov
1230:Moyensho Nazarshoyev
995:and adherence to the
780:Historical population
671:
656:
504:Tajikistani Civil War
240: • Chairman
3391:Central Asian Survey
2251:Central Asian Survey
2204:Central Asian Survey
1914:Encyclopædia Iranica
1533:Qozidavlat Qoimdodov
1363:Alisher Khudoyberdi
1339:Shodikhon Jamshedov
1197:Rakhimbobo Tursunov
1175:Kurbonsho Gadoliyev
719:(eastern two-thirds)
713:(west, southernmost)
683:(westernmost, north)
615:improve this section
567:, blocked a road in
462:in 1894 between the
274: • Density
4256:Kabardino-Balkarian
4061:Badakhshan Province
4044:Badakhshan Province
4027:Badakhshan Province
3775:2007ESusD..11...48H
2049:10.14943/ebr.6.1.63
1969:10.14943/ebr.6.1.63
1916:, 15 December 1988.
1581:Tajik National Park
1558:Khudoyor Yusufbekov
1508:Davlat Khudonazarov
1493:Nazarsho Dodkhudoev
1478:Tolibbek Ayyombekov
1466:Notable individuals
1121:Abdul Zennatshayev
781:
729:Badakhshan Province
705:Roshtqal'a District
416:Badakhshan Province
315:, is an autonomous
243:Alisher Khudoyberdi
33: /
4413:Autonomous regions
3072:Human Rights Watch
3046:Human Rights Watch
2892:. 18 February 2022
1908:2016-03-04 at the
1563:Gurminj Zavkibekov
1553:Shirinsho Shotemur
1498:Akbarsho Iskandrov
1483:Savsan Bandishoeva
1412:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1391:
1287:Since independence
1252:Aloviddin Babayev
1038:. You can help by
1013:Ismaili Shia Islam
779:
761:Ismoil Somoni Peak
711:Ishkoshim District
674:
659:
508:La’al-e Badakhshan
498:Since Independence
266: • Total
253: • Total
4380:
4379:
4271:Karachay-Cherkess
4169:
4168:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
3721:. 6 December 2019
3652:978-0-8229-8240-1
3603:978-0-8229-8240-1
3554:978-0-8229-8240-1
3502:978-1-134-20731-2
3445:978-0-8229-8240-1
3265:978-0-8229-8240-1
3213:978-0-8229-8240-1
2704:. 13 January 2011
2661:978-0-8229-8240-1
2612:978-0-8229-8240-1
2563:978-0-8229-8240-1
2417:Études de lettres
2375:978-1-4985-3279-2
2340:978-0-8078-9945-8
2305:978-0-85745-511-6
2162:978-0-8229-8240-1
2135:978-1-136-83854-5
2092:978-1-351-12426-3
2011:978-0-19-027772-7
1735:
1706:
1518:Mirsaid Mirshakar
1462:has been played.
1375:
1374:
1342:19 November 2013
1334:19 November 2013
1331:25 November 2006
1323:25 November 2006
1284:
1283:
1263:Mukhitdin Zairov
1186:Ismail Burkhanov
1164:Nikolay Rogatkin
1153:Andrey Kuznetsov
1056:
1055:
893:
892:
883:
882:
699:Shughnon District
651:
650:
643:
540:Republic of China
480:autonomous oblast
311:, officially the
306:
305:
66:Autonomous region
37:38.000°N 73.000°E
4430:
4372:Gorno-Badakhshan
4354:Nagorno-Karabakh
4196:
4189:
4182:
4173:
4172:
4164:
4129:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4019:
4018:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3981:
3965:
3964:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3908:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3842:
3840:
3815:
3786:
3757:land degradation
3742:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3672:
3664:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3615:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3566:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3465:
3457:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3357:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3315:10.18449/2019C10
3298:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3225:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3099:Novastan English
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:. 23 August 2022
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2946:. 22 August 2012
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2806:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:on 6 August 2007
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2673:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2419:(2–3): 179–196.
2408:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2387:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2174:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2018:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1948:
1937:
1936:
1935:. 20 April 2022.
1923:
1917:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1779:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1597:
1488:Nobovar Chanorov
1416:Gilgit Baltistan
1366:5 November 2021
1358:5 November 2021
1303:
1302:
1299:List of chairmen
1142:
1138:
1099:
1095:
1075:
1074:
1051:
1048:
1030:
1023:
1001:Tablighi Jama’at
975:Murghab district
902:
865:
864:
857:
795:
790:
782:
778:
717:Murghob District
672:Takhtaqorum Pass
646:
639:
635:
632:
626:
595:
587:
376:
370:
364:
354:
346:
309:Gorno-Badakhshan
302:
205:
191:Kurteskei Valley
188:
174:
158:
144:
128:
114:
113:
107:
97:
96:
90:
75:
58:Gorno-Badakhshan
54:
53:
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4358:
4340:
4322:
4224:Checheno-Ingush
4205:
4200:
4170:
4165:
4156:
4130:
4119:
4114:
4084:
4079:
4066:
4064:
4049:
4047:
4032:
4030:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3946:
3944:
3929:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3898:
3860:Wayback Machine
3849:
3751:
3749:Further reading
3746:
3745:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3637:
3633:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3588:
3584:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3521:asiaplustj.info
3515:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3479:
3475:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3383:
3379:
3340:(3): 192, 204.
3326:
3322:
3299:
3295:
3279:
3278:
3266:
3250:
3243:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3198:
3191:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2775:
2771:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2727:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2646:
2642:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2577:
2576:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2453:archive.hrw.org
2447:
2446:
2442:
2426:10.4000/edl.701
2409:
2405:
2389:
2388:
2376:
2360:
2356:
2341:
2325:
2321:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2243:
2239:
2196:
2192:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2112:
2108:
2093:
2069:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2029:
2025:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1949:
1940:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:Wayback Machine
1900:
1896:
1887:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1713:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1654:
1653:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1572:
1567:
1543:Shodi Shabdolov
1538:Nuqra Rahmatova
1468:
1456:
1436:
1420:Wakhan Corridor
1410:territories of
1389:depot in Khorog
1380:
1301:
1289:
1132:
1089:
1073:
1061:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1036:needs expansion
1021:
971:Kyrgyz speakers
923:Pamir languages
900:
884:
879:
866:
862:
777:
749:Pamir Mountains
741:Darvoz District
693:Rushon District
681:Darvoz District
647:
636:
630:
627:
612:
596:
585:
561:Tolib Ayombekov
553:
542:(ROC) based in
536:Pamir Mountains
500:
476:
440:Wakhan corridor
408:Shughnun-Rushan
400:
394:
333:
325:Pamir Mountains
300:
299:
208:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:
189:
181:
180:
178:Pamir Mountains
175:
166:
165:
164:
159:
151:
150:
145:
136:
135:
134:
129:
103:
86:
73:
68:
59:
52:
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4346:Azerbaijan SSR
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4336:South Ossetian
4332:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:North Ossetian
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4159:
4157:
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4154:
4149:
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4142:Khatlon Region
4139:
4133:
4131:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4090:
4081:
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4058:
4041:
4023:
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4009:
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3973:Khatlon Region
3969:
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3955:
3938:
3914:
3906:
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3902:
3897:
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3847:External links
3845:
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3798:(3): 359–378.
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3695:. 18 June 2021
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2866:. 24 July 2012
2851:
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2789:(3): 193–203.
2769:
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2480:. 19 June 2015
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2010:
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1320:December 1994
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1047:September 2022
1033:
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891:
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815:
812:
808:
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801:
797:
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791:
786:
776:
773:
745:Khatlon Region
721:
720:
714:
708:
702:
701:(west, center)
696:
695:(west, center)
690:
684:
649:
648:
599:
597:
590:
584:
581:
552:
549:
499:
496:
475:
472:
468:Russian empire
460:Eastern border
436:British empire
393:
390:
386:United Nations
332:
329:
304:
303:
296:
289:
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285:
279:
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275:
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99:
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82:
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77:
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70:
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50:
42:38.000; 73.000
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3215:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3160:
3159:genocidewatch
3156:
3149:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3022:. 18 May 2022
3021:
3017:
3011:
2996:
2992:
2986:
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2945:
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2919:openDemocracy
2916:
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2119:
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2067:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1819:
1818:HarperCollins
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1758:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1723:Russian:
1722:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1657:
1650:
1596:
1592:
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1504:
1501:
1499:
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1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:In 2019, the
1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:Pamir Highway
1388:
1384:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:Yodgor Fayzov
1349:
1348:
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1338:
1337:
1333:
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1322:
1319:
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1199:
1196:
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1120:
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1096:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1034:This section
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
986:
984:
980:
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877:
876:MediaWiki.org
873:
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859:
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827:
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810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
798:
792:
787:
784:
783:
772:
770:
766:
765:Ibn Sina Peak
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
718:
715:
712:
709:
707:(west, south)
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
689:(west, north)
688:
687:Vanj District
685:
682:
679:
678:
677:
670:
666:
664:
655:
645:
642:
634:
624:
620:
616:
610:
609:
605:
600:This section
598:
594:
589:
588:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
548:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
525:
520:
518:
517:popular front
514:
509:
505:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Sarykol range
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
399:
389:
387:
383:
382:
375:
369:
363:
358:
350:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
297:
294:
290:
286:
284:
283:ISO 3166 code
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
246:
242:
238:
233:
230:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
204:
199:
187:
179:
173:
163:
162:Bulunkul Lake
157:
149:
143:
133:
127:
117:
109:
106:
102: •
100:
92:
89:
85: •
83:
78:
71:
67:
62:
55:
49:
46:
4328:Georgian SSR
4266:Kara-Kirghiz
4211:Russian SFSR
4137:Sughd Region
3983:
3828:
3824:
3795:
3791:
3769:(1): 48–57.
3766:
3760:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3718:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3692:
3683:
3641:
3634:
3592:
3585:
3543:
3536:
3524:. Retrieved
3520:
3511:
3483:
3476:
3434:
3427:
3397:(1): 81–96.
3394:
3390:
3380:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3306:
3296:
3254:
3202:
3183:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3125:The Guardian
3124:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3045:
3036:
3024:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
2998:. Retrieved
2994:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2943:
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2894:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2829:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2764:The Atlantic
2763:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2730:
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2701:
2692:
2650:
2643:
2601:
2594:
2552:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2416:
2406:
2364:
2357:
2329:
2322:
2294:
2287:
2257:(3–4): 362.
2254:
2250:
2240:
2210:(3–4): 332.
2207:
2203:
2193:
2151:
2144:
2116:
2109:
2073:
2052:, retrieved
2040:
2036:
2026:
2015:, retrieved
1993:
1983:
1972:, retrieved
1960:
1956:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1901:W. Eilers, "
1897:
1885:
1880:20 September
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1860:
1851:
1845:(in Russian)
1840:
1823:20 September
1821:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1792:13 September
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1757:
1686:
1595:
1457:
1437:
1428:
1392:
1369:
1328:Kadyr Kasim
1290:
1280:August 1991
1137:data missing
1134:
1094:data missing
1091:
1062:
1044:
1040:adding to it
1035:
1009:
987:
920:
909:
894:
775:Demographics
757:Central Asia
722:
675:
660:
637:
631:October 2023
628:
613:Please help
601:
577:
554:
529:
521:
501:
477:
474:Soviet Union
401:
380:
336:
334:
312:
308:
307:
148:Karakul Lake
18:
4293:Komi-Zyryan
4288:Kara-Kalpak
4246:Gorno-Altai
4073:Afghanistan
4056:Afghanistan
4039:Afghanistan
3831:(1): 4–13.
3355:10871/23527
3307:SWP Comment
2804:1765/128756
1309:Term start
1244:April 1970
1236:April 1970
1081:Term start
872:Phabricator
753:Mount Imeon
464:Qing empire
444:Afghanistan
420:Afghanistan
379:autonomous
319:in eastern
40: /
4387:Categories
3936:Kyrgyzstan
3924:Osh Region
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