127:
1502:
474:. He believed that the chronicles of Goryeo history from Taejo's reign had errors and omissions, especially regarding the details and accounts of the periods around the rise and fall of the Goryeo dynasty. Meanwhile, historians were split over whether to preserve the imperial language used in the Kingdom of Goryeo or to revise it, aligning with Confucian principles, to that of a tributary state. Sejong was in favor of being truthful to historical facts and ordered the historians not to alter Goryeo lexicon (i.e.,
25:
510:. Sejong also believed the historians portrayed Goryeo unfairly in order to further legitimize the founding of the Joseon dynasty. Sejong died a year before the completion of Goryeosa. Since Sejong did not see the completed Goryeosa, it is unknown whether he would have been content with the work; nevertheless, the compilation project ended in 1451, the year of
502:), completed in 1442, was the first to result from Sejong's order; however, it became known that Gwon Je, the chief scholar-official responsible for the revision, had tampered with records of his ancestors, especially those of Gwon Su-pyeong. Sejong ordered a revision and required that the revised edition be in the format established by
781:
that started dominating Joseon literati society, although
Buddhism continued to have influence in Joseon society well into the mid-1400s. Joseon society's views on family relationships differed from those of Goryeo society. For example, incest was commonplace, and even preferred, among Goryeo's royal
790:
Despite the biases, Goryeosa is generally considered truthful to the original historical sources, and its writing maintains a matter-of-fact tone without embellishments. King Sejong in particular made efforts to shield
Goryeosa from political biases. For example, he instructed the historians not to
626:), which incorporates sentence punctuation, index tags (personal names, place names, titles, official positions), and article titles. During the final phase between 2014 and 2015, the website began offering a modern Korean translation of Goryeosa.
786:
involved multiple wives of equal status, whereas Joseon's consisted of one wife and many concubines. As a result, Goryeosa portrays certain Goryeo kings who did not fit into Joseon literati's neo-Confucian values in a negative light.
1141:
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
654:. The narrative of Goryeosa depicts early Goryeo as an era of good governance followed by turmoils toward late Goryeo and thus deserving of its overthrow to stabilize the society, as shown in the foreword of Goryeosa:
423:
Immediately after the founding of Joseon, the compilation of Goryeo history began, a process that spanned 60 years until its completion in 1451. The first historiographical attempt at Goryeo history,
795:
remained loyal to Goryeo until the end and opposed Yi Sŏng-gye, yet they are recorded in
Goryeosa as loyal honorable subjects. Goryeosa omits accounts of named Buddhist monks of the Goryeo dynasty.
642:, the historians who authored Goryeosa worked intently on creating a narrative arc that legitimized the founding of Joseon. As a result, King U and King Chang were taken out of the annals of kings (
539:, is a woodblock-printed replica dating to 1613. It is based on an earlier edition estimated to have been printed in 1482, using 42 metal movable type blocks known as Eulhae-ja (
408:
that divides sections into important subjects (e.g., kings, traitors, notable officials, chronology, and monographs) and thus is prone to duplicate recording of the same event.
650:), and were treated as false kings with dubious lineage. According to Goryeosa, King U and King Chang were descended, not from the royal Wang family, but from Buddhist monk
535:'s reign, and widely distributed, but this initial edition did not survive. A remarkably well-preserved complete edition, currently housed in the Seokdang Museum of
774:
Despite the self-serving narrative, particularly regarding late Goryeo society, it provides insight into early Joseon's official stance on the Goryeo dynasty.
733:
658:
But later kings lost their way and powerful subjects did as they pleased, raising their own armies to lust after the throne. This began during the reign of
761:). Then, with the false kings, the country's very foundation fell into the utmost danger. At that hour, the fate of Goryeo passed to its true ruler.
68:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
782:
family, because marrying non-royals was seen as damaging to the bloodline. Additionally, while both Goryeo and Joseon practiced polygyny, Goryeo's
1159:
1699:
1530:
680:). After that, heinous traitors cloaked as subjects rose one after another to feign kingship and were removed like pieces in a game of go (
455:, faced criticism and controversy for its alleged misrepresentation of Goryeo history. This led to several rounds of revision, years into
1600:
1535:
1525:
339:"accounts of the politics, economics, personnel (civil and military), geography, astronomy, and other topics related to Goryeo society."
1465:
1463:
1461:
1491:
819:
714:) then frittered his time away playing games and banqueting with his sycophants, causing a breach in his relations with his son (
519:
1595:
583:
1451:
587:
412:
634:
Because
Goryeosa was written by the scholar-officials of Goryeo's successor state, Joseon, whose founding monarch deposed
1542:
791:
omit or alter historical facts to promote
Confucian ideals or to please the new dynasty. As a result, Chŏng Mong-ju and
411:
The entire
Goryeosa, in its original and in modern Korean translation, is currently available online by courtesy of the
1684:
76:
1658:
1590:
89:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1177:
1402:) to refer to themselves; however, this is mostly artistic license, because Joseon kings for the most part used
1386:). It is commonly seen in Korean period pieces set in the Joseon dynasty in which Joseon kings use the imperial
692:). Savage foreign enemies invaded repeatedly, cutting the people down like grass. In this hard time, it fell to
1242:
1221:
1125:
939:
909:
507:
1694:
576:
1484:
571:) in 2014. Several other editions have survived and are dispersed worldwide, including the one held in
463:
that Chŏng To-jŏn introduced personal biases into the chronicle, especially about his political rival,
1552:
983:
517:
None of
Goryeosa's predecessors are available today, except their forewords that are recorded in the
1447:
958:
1557:
84:
305:) where sections are organized by their purpose. The section compiling the annals of the kings,
1547:
1477:
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405:
393:
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1520:
703:) to quell a large rebellion, preserving, albeit barely, the great calling of our ancestors.
234:
105:
1448:
The official website showing the original text as well as the translation in Korean Hangul
572:
8:
715:
704:
562:
1195:
769:, Foreword of Goryeosa, Koryŏsa: the history of Koryŏ, annals of the kings (2024, p. 16)
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The modern Korean translation of
Goryeosa began in 2001 under the auspices of the
464:
1689:
1567:
1501:
805:
639:
561:). Another surviving partial edition, housed in the Baeknyeon Buddhist Temple in
262:
214:
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and 27 other historians authored a 35-volume complementary summary of
Goryeosa,
1635:
1237:
904:
669:), when the ruler's power was first contested, and it worsened in the reign of
1678:
98:
682:
1306:), reserved for emperors, as temple names; they referred to themselves as
1663:
1617:
812:
635:
470:
In 1418, the year of Sejong's coronation, Sejong ordered the revision of
137:
1612:
607:
87:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1469:
503:
1322:), the appellation of an emperor; subjects were to address the king
1061:"Sejong Rebukes Gwon Je et al. Who Tampered With Historical Records"
783:
373:) lists the names of kings and their reigns. The listing section,
1025:"King Orders Yoo Gwan et al. Revision of Chŏng To-jŏn's Goryeosa"
651:
62:
1505:
688:
321:) narrates the history of Goryeo kings. The monograph section,
258:
254:
250:
200:
392:
In 1452, a year after the completion of Goryeosa compilation,
750:) and after, slowly depleting the country until the reign of
552:
467:, and suggested the chronicle was not even worth preserving.
273:. Goryeosa consists of 139 volumes and stylistically follows
224:
1214:
Koryŏsa: the history of Koryŏ, annals of the kings, 918-1095
1118:
Koryŏsa: the history of Koryŏ, annals of the kings, 918-1095
932:
Koryŏsa: the history of Koryŏ, annals of the kings, 918-1095
1290:), meaning emperor at home, king abroad. Goryeo kings used
1216:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 2024. p. 16.
586:
by the Seokdang Academy of Dong-a University. In 2009, the
555:
designated the 1613 edition as tangible cultural heritage (
1120:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 2024. p. 8.
934:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. 2024. p. 7.
606:), making it accessible online with original images from
1007:"King Orders Yoo Gwan and Yoon Hoe Revision of Goryeosa"
357:), describes notable officials. The chronology section,
1146:
Heritage Portal : CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION
531:
Goryeosa was first printed in 1454, the second year of
389:), is the table of contents of the entire compilation.
265:(the founding monarch of Joseon), was completed under
1142:"부산광역시 문화유산자료 백련사 고려사 (白蓮寺 高麗史) : 국가유산포털 - 문화재청"
864:"Kim Jong-seo et al. Submit Newly Completed Goryeosa"
846:"Taejo Orders Cho Jun et al. Compilation of Goryeosa"
732:). Repeated misfortunes occurred during the reign of
1100:"Kim Jong-seo et al. Submit Newly Compiled Goryeosa"
1094:
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58:
565:, was designated as a cultural heritage material (
404:is written in chronological order, deviating from
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1079:"Chunchu Office Discusses Revision of Goryeosa"
994:
882:"Chunchu Office Requests Printing of Goryeosa"
610:. The website expanded in 2010 to include the
261:. Its compilation started during the reign of
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
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1202:. National Institute of Korean History.
1106:. National Institute of Korean History.
1104:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
1085:. National Institute of Korean History.
1083:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
1067:. National Institute of Korean History.
1065:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
1049:. National Institute of Korean History.
1047:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
1031:. National Institute of Korean History.
1029:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
1013:. National Institute of Korean History.
1011:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
990:. National Institute of Korean History.
948:
888:. National Institute of Korean History.
886:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
870:. National Institute of Korean History.
868:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
852:. National Institute of Korean History.
850:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
820:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
520:Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
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16:Joseon-era historical book on Goryeo
1354:), and the crown prince was styled
1043:"Yoon Hoe Submits Revised Goryeosa"
13:
1178:"Korean Translation of Koryŏsa DB"
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905:"고려사(高麗史) History of Goryeo"
577:Cambridge University Library
7:
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777:Another source of bias was
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449:First Strife of the Princes
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1238:"김진양(金震陽) Kim Jin-yang"
104:For more guidance, see
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406:Chinese historiography
275:Chinese historiography
1563:Sambyeolcho Rebellion
656:
614:(annotated) edition (
451:, Jeong's chronicle,
106:Knowledge:Translation
95:{{Translated|ko|고려사}}
77:copyright attribution
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594:(verbatim) edition (
590:began providing the
447:'s death during the
257:'s successor state,
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1521:Goryeo–Khitan War
1274:Goryeo practiced
1160:"『고려사』 필사본 완질 발견"
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1148:(in Korean).
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793:Kim Jin-yang
789:
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767:Kim Jong-seo
752:King Gongmin
694:King Wonjong
687:
686:) or chess (
681:
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152:
144:, and others
142:Kim Jong-seo
81:edit summary
72:
43:
35:
1618:Sambyeolcho
1596:Family tree
1558:Mongol rule
1456:(in Korean)
1246:(in Korean)
913:(in Korean)
813:Samguk Sagi
671:King Uijong
660:King Injong
472:Goryeoguksa
461:Goryeoguksa
453:Goryeoguksa
425:Goryeoguksa
419:Compilation
293:chronicle,
237::
227::
217::
138:Jeong In-ji
1679:Categories
1613:Byeolmuban
1584:Government
1250:2023-08-29
1223:0824895215
1196:"Goryeosa"
1164:국외소재문화유산재단
1127:0824895215
963:한국사 데이터베이스
941:0824895215
917:2023-08-29
832:References
640:King Chang
608:Kyujanggak
1460:Goryeosa
968:3 January
716:Chungseon
504:Sima Qian
120:Goryeosa
99:talk page
40:in Korean
1591:Monarchs
1574:Goryeosa
799:See also
784:polygyny
764:—
648:yeoljeon
527:Editions
343:yeoljeon
210:Goryeosa
159:Language
75:provide
1636:Coinage
1629:Economy
1514:History
723:
652:Shindon
612:pyojeom
533:Danjong
512:Munjong
375:mongnok
359:yeonpyo
271:Danjong
267:Munjong
240:Koryŏsa
169:Subject
97:to the
79:in the
42:.
1690:Goryeo
1508:topics
1506:Goryeo
1428:;
1420:gwa'in
1412:;
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725:1298,
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636:King U
620:;
600:;
592:gujeom
568:문화유산자료
558:유형문화유산
545:;
496:;
480:;
457:Sejong
433:;
383:;
367:;
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299:;
283:;
259:Joseon
255:Goryeo
251:Goryeo
243:), or
233:;
223:;
215:Korean
201:Joseon
134:Author
1418:) or
1356:taeja
1324:pyeha
1262:Notes
683:baduk
553:Busan
499:高麗史全文
493:고려사전문
445:Chŏng
263:Taejo
225:Hanja
179:Genre
59:DeepL
1664:Ware
1372:seja
1292:jong
1287:內帝外王
1281:내제외왕
1218:ISBN
1122:ISBN
970:2022
936:ISBN
644:sega
483:以實直書
477:이실직서
436:高麗國史
430:고려국사
307:sega
192:1451
73:must
71:You
1404:yeo
1388:jim
1308:jim
623:標點本
617:표점본
603:句點本
597:구점본
548:乙亥字
542:을해자
506:'s
486:).
302:編年體
296:편년체
291:cf.
289:) (
286:紀傳體
280:기전체
230:高麗史
220:고려사
153:高麗史
61:or
1681::
1434:).
1431:寡人
1425:과인
1383:世子
1377:세자
1367:太子
1361:태자
1351:殿下
1345:전하
1335:陛下
1329:폐하
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386:目錄
380:목록
370:年表
364:연표
354:列傳
348:열전
323:ji
318:世家
312:세가
235:MR
140:,
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