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642:, the museum question became pressing again. Works forming the imperial art collection were scattered among several buildings. Semper was assigned to submit a proposal for locating new buildings in conjunction with redevelopment of the Ring Road. In 1869, he designed a gigantic 'Imperial Forum' which was not realized. The National Museum of Art History and the National Museum of Natural History were erected, however, opposite the Palace according to his plan, as was the Burgtheater. In 1871, Semper moved to Vienna to undertake the projects. During construction, repeated disagreements with his appointed associate architect (
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in return for the planning and construction of their main church's bell-tower. This citizenship was later confirmed by the ZĂŒrich cantonal government in
December 1861 and with these new Swiss passports in hand, Semper was once again able to travel and finally also visit Germany, after the warrant for
788:
Architectural Works: Semper's architectural works, including the
Dresden Semper Opera House, have been extensively studied and documented in architectural histories and monographs. For instance, in "The Architecture of the City," Aldo Rossi discusses the significance of Semper's opera house as a key
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Material
Culture: Semper's interest in material culture and its role in architecture is a recurring theme in his works, particularly in "Der Stil." His ideas on material culture have been analyzed and discussed in various scholarly works, including articles by architectural historians such as Joseph
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Educational
Influence: Semper's influence on architectural education is evident in the incorporation of his ideas into architectural curricula and pedagogical approaches. This influence has been documented in educational literature on architecture, such as "Architectural Education Today," edited by
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which swept over the city. He was a member of the Civic Guard (Kommunalgarde) and helped to erect barricades in the streets. When the rebellion collapsed, Semper was considered a leading agitator for democratic change and a ringleader against government authority and he was forced to flee the city.
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interior style. The
Synagogue's exterior was built in romanesque style so as not to call attention to itself. The interior design included not only the Moorish inspired wall decorations but furnishings: specifically, a silver lamp of eternal light, which caught Richard Wagner and his wife Cosima's
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Elements of
Architecture: Semper's concept of the four elements of architecture has been discussed in numerous scholarly works on architectural theory and history. For example, in "The Semperian Tradition," author Joseph Rykwert discusses how Semper's elements influenced subsequent architectural
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Theory of
Polychromy: Semper's theory of polychromy, emphasizing the use of color in architecture, is well-documented in his own writings, such as "Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen KĂŒnsten" (Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts), where he discusses the symbolic and aesthetic
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He was destined never to return to the city that would, ironically, become most associated with his architectural (and political) legacy. The Saxon government maintained a warrant for his arrest until 1863. When the Semper-designed
Hoftheater burnt down in 1869, King
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significance of color in architectural ornamentation. This theory has been studied and cited by architectural historians such as Harry
Francis Mallgrave in "Gottfried Semper: Architect of the Nineteenth Century," where Mallgrave explores Semper's theories in depth.
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held to select a design for the new building, Semper deemed the submitted entries unsatisfactory and, ultimately, designed the building himself. Proudly situated (where fortified walls once stood), visible from all sides on a terrace overlooking the core of
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had been colorfully painted or not. The drawn reconstructions of the painterly decorations of ancient villas he created in Athens inspired his later designs for the painted decorations in
Dresden and Vienna. His 1834 publication
562:, the new school became a symbol of a new epoch. The building (1853â1864), which despite frequent remodeling continues to evoke Semper's concept, was initially required to accommodate not only the new school (known today as the
343:. The flourishing growth of Dresden during this period provided the young architect with considerable creative opportunities. In 1838â1840 a synagogue was built in Dresden to Semper's design, it was ever afterward called the
317:), in which he took a strong position in favor of polychromy - supported by his investigation of pigments on the Trajan's column in Rome - brought him sudden recognition in architectural and aesthetic circles across Europe.
422:"What must I have done in 48, that one persecutes me forever? One single barricade did I construct - it held, because it was practical, and as it was practical, it was beautiful", wrote Semper in dismay.
466:â he found no steady employment. If his stay in London was disappointing professionally, however, it proved a fertile period for Semper's theoretical, creative and academic development. He published
339:(today called the Hochschule) in Dresden thanks largely to the efforts and support of his former teacher Franz Christian Gau and swore an oath of allegiance to the King (formerly Elector) of Saxony,
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Gottfried Semper's legacy in the field of architecture is marked by his profound influence on architectural theory, design, and education, as evidenced by scholarly research and critical analysis.
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Eytan Pessen, ZusammenhĂ€ngende Reliquien, eine Geschichte ĂŒber Richard Wagner und Gottfried Semper, pp. 1â22, Semperoper Dresden, Erchien in Wagnerjahr 2013, Spielzeit 2012â2013 & 2013â2014
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In 1855, Semper became a professor of architecture at the new school and the success of many of his students who attained success and renown served to ensure his legacy. The Swiss architect
454:). In the fall of 1850, he travelled to London, England. But while he was able to pick up occasional contracts â including participation in the design of the funeral carriage for the
646:), led Semper to resign from the project in 1876. In the following year, his health began to deteriorate. He died two years later while on a visit to Italy and is buried in the
955:: "Nibelungenring und mystischer Knoten. Gottfried Sempers Entwurf zu einem Taktstock fĂŒr Richard Wagner" Jahrbuch des Museum fĂŒr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg,1993, p. 120
386:. Other buildings also remain indelibly attached to his name, such as the Maternity Hospital, the Synagogue (destroyed during the Third Reich), the Oppenheim Palace, and the
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to be built in Munich. The project, developed from 1864 to 1866, was never realized, although Wagner 'borrowed' many of its features for his own later theatre at
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complex. He designed the Dresden Hoftheater in 1841, which burned down in 1869. It was rebuilt in 1878 by his son to Semper's plans and today is called the
419:, on the urging of the citizenry, commissioned Semper to build a new one. Semper produced the plans but left the actual construction to his son, Manfred.
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was one such student. With his income as a professor, Semper was able to reunite his family, bringing them to ZĂŒrich from Saxony. The City Hall in
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Already in 1833, there were first plans in Vienna for the public presentation of the Imperial Art Collections. With the planning of the
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built for the banker Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim. This last construction stands as a prototype of German villa architecture.
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Neil Spiller, which discusses the enduring relevance of Semper's ideas in contemporary architectural education.
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484:) in 1852. These works would ultimately provide the groundwork for his most widely regarded publication,
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Rykwert, who has examined Semper's views on the cultural significance of materials in architecture.
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and later to London. He returned to Germany after the 1862 amnesty granted to the revolutionaries.
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187:. He designed works at all scalesâfrom major urban interventions such as the redesign of the
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In 1861, Semper and his family were awarded Swiss citizenship by the Swiss municipality of
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fancy. They gave a great deal of effort to have a copy of this lamp. Semper's student,
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Colin Eisler "Wagner's Three Synagogues", Artibus et Historiae 2004, Vol. 25/Nr. 50
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and the designs of the Canadian, Danish, Swedish, and Ottoman sections of the 1851
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On September 30, 1834, Semper obtained a post as Professor of Architecture at the
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Semper wrote extensively on the origins of architecture, especially in his book
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Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen KĂŒnsten oder Praktische Ăsthetik,
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179:(1851), and was one of the major figures in the controversy surrounding the
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A convinced Republican, Semper took a leading role, along with his friend
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In: ETHeritage. Highlights aus den Archiven und Sammlungen der ETH ZĂŒrich
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Preliminary Remarks on Polychrome Architecture and Sculpture in Antiquity
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VorlĂ€ufige Bemerkungen ĂŒber bemalte Architectur und Plastik bei den Alten
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260:. In 1826, Semper travelled to Paris in order to work for the architect
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1231:. Trans. Harry F. Mallgrave and Wolfgang Herrmann (Cambridge, 1989).
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Gottfried Semper in Zurich - An Intersection of Theory and Practice
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Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; or, Practical Aesthetics
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in 1803. When French troops occupied the city in 1806 during the
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with a conceptual design for a theatre dedicated to the work of
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Certain civic structures remain today, such as the Elbe-facing
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1031:(Paperback) (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
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Concurrently with the onset of the industrial revolution, the
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and was put on the government's wanted list. He fled first to
1104:
Berry, J. Duncan. The Legacy of Gottfried Semper. Studies in
269:
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is among other buildings designed by Semper in Switzerland.
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debate, which centered on the question whether buildings in
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Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673-1968
72:
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City Hall â 1858 (only concept for competition; not built)
220:
Semper was born into a well-to-do industrialist family in
146:; 29 November 1803 â 15 May 1879) was a German architect,
1187:
Architectural Theory: An Anthology from Vitruvius to 1870
268:
of 1830 broke out. Between 1830 and 1833 he travelled to
634:'s portrait of Gottfried Semper shortly before his death
425:
1083:
Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome databases Semper Goffredo
1027:
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
331:
Dresden, Interior of the first Hoftheater (Semper Oper)
240:
in Hamburg before starting his university education at
1159:
Gottfried Semper - Architect of the Nineteenth Century
292:. During this period he became very interested in the
252:. He subsequently studied architecture in 1825 at the
1145:
Gottfried Semper. Die moderne Renaissance der KĂŒnste
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which was published in two volumes in 1861 and 1863.
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The Four Elements of Architecture and Other Writings
700:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
203:was, without permission, adapted by Wagner for the
162:between 1838 and 1841. In 1849 he took part in the
2291:Academic staff of the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts
1259:(Basel ; Stuttgart : Birkhauser, 1978).
1245:. Trans. Harry F. Mallgrave (Santa Monica, 2004).
1024:
821:Hoftheater â 1838â1841 (destroyed by fire in 1869)
276:in order to study the architecture and designs of
399:. The marriage ultimately produced six children.
2262:
1703:Das Judenthum in der Musik (Jewishness in Music)
1213:Nerdinger, Winfried and Werner Oechslin (eds.).
2146:List of films using the music of Richard Wagner
2047:
1117:Gottfried Semper and the Problem of Historicism
986:H.A. Meek, The Synagogue, Phaidon, 1995, p. 188
236:. The fifth of eight children, he attended the
2321:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
370:Monument for Gottfried Semper in ZĂŒrich (1887)
280:. In 1832, he participated for four months in
199:. His unrealised design for an opera house in
2331:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
2136:International Association of Wagner Societies
1747:
1336:
833:â 1839â1840 (destroyed on November 9, 1938 -
322:
1293:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
491:
1131:Gottfried Semper: In Search of Architecture
589:his arrest had been cancelled in May 1863.
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827:â 1839 (destroyed in the Second World War)
29:
760:Learn how and when to remove this message
611:
337:Königlichen Akademie der bildenden KĂŒnste
16:German architect and theorist (1803â1879)
2336:Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
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1013:Letter to Heinrich HĂŒbsch, January 1852
553:school. As the principal judge for the
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1058:"Wie Gottfried Semper Schweizer wurde"
1016:
1324:
1056:Bussmann, Monica (2 September 2016).
963:
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789:example of 19th-century architecture.
426:Post-revolutionary period (1849â1855)
395:On September 1, 1835, Semper married
141:
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698:adding citations to reliable sources
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802:
13:
1350:
1312:at Deutsche Biographie (in German)
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14:
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2341:German expatriates in Switzerland
2316:People of the Revolutions of 1848
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478:Wissenschaft, Industrie und Kunst
473:The Four Elements of Architecture
176:The Four Elements of Architecture
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1812:MĂ€nnerlist gröĂer als Frauenlist
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356:would construct the magnificent
123:Monument to Gottfried Semper on
2346:German male non-fiction writers
798:Semperdepot, Lehargasse, Vienna
685:needs additional citations for
2326:University of Göttingen alumni
2286:19th-century German architects
2207:Richard Wagner Museum, Lucerne
1563:Die Meistersinger von NĂŒrnberg
1133:(Cambridge, MA/London, 1984).
1076:
1049:
1007:
998:
989:
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468:Die vier Elemente der Baukunst
264:, and he was present when the
238:Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
181:polychrome architectural style
1:
1696:A Communication to My Friends
1098:
228:, the family moved to nearby
2281:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
1023:Curl, James Stevens (2006).
915:) (1872â1881, finished 1891)
908:) (1872â1881, finished 1889)
840:Oppenheim-Palace â 1845â1848
811:The Semper Synagogue c. 1860
7:
2306:Architectural theoreticians
2301:German architecture writers
1946:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
1903:Bayreuth Festival Orchestra
1363:List of works for the stage
1189:(Malden, MA/Oxford, 2006).
921:
644:Karl Freiherr von Hasenauer
154:who designed and built the
10:
2367:
1620:Das Liebesmahl der Apostel
1215:Gottfried Semper 1803-1879
1185:Mallgrave, Harry Francis.
1171:Mallgrave, Harry Francis.
1161:(New Haven/London, 1996).
1157:Mallgrave, Harry Francis.
1112:, Brown University, 1989).
323:Dresden period (1834â1849)
244:in 1823, where he studied
2220:
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2078:
2004:
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1918:Richard Wagner Foundation
1873:
1848:
1783:
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1682:The Artwork of the Future
1666:
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1284:"Semper, Gottfried"
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648:Protestant Cemetery, Rome
622:Protestant Cemetery, Rome
492:ZĂŒrich period (1855â1871)
482:Science, Industry and Art
143:[ËÉĄÉtfÊiËtËzÉmpÉ]
113:
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1792:Die Laune des Verliebten
1257:Gottfried Semper im Exil
974:Neue Deutsche Biographie
968:Hölz, Christoph (2010).
938:
913:Naturhistorisches Museum
911:Natural History Museum (
906:Kunsthistorisches Museum
2197:Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis
2157:Nietzsche contra Wagner
2091:Richard Wagner Memorial
2086:Richard Wagner Monument
1480:Der Ring des Nibelungen
1428:Der fliegende HollÀnder
1290:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1217:(Munich/ZĂŒrich, 2003).
904:Museum of Art History (
877:Observatory - 1861â1864
870:Polytechnical School, (
549:planned to establish a
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164:May Uprising in Dresden
2296:Architecture educators
1908:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
848:Dresden GemÀldegalerie
812:
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624:
620:Semper's grave in the
612:Later life (from 1871)
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332:
232:, at the time part of
205:Bayreuth Festspielhaus
131:
2169:The Perfect Wagnerite
1763:Ride of the Valkyries
1689:Autobiographic Sketch
1143:Karge, Henrik (ed.).
887:City Hall â 1865â1869
810:
785:thought and practice.
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347:and is noted for its
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258:Friedrich von GĂ€rtner
122:
1368:List of compositions
1129:Herrmann, Wolfgang.
933:Architectural theory
694:improve this article
568:University of Zurich
566:), but the existing
254:University of Munich
216:Early life (to 1834)
2311:People from Hamburg
2101:Wagner Ice Piedmont
2005:Cultural depictions
1996:Eva Wagner-Pasquier
1822:Wieland der Schmied
1724:Music of the Future
1600:Symphony in C major
1241:Semper, Gottfried.
1227:Semper, Gottfried.
1199:Muecke, Mikesch W.
1175:(Cambridge, 2005).
1119:(Cambridge, 2004).
970:"Semper, Gottfried"
897:Municipal Theater (
659:Dresden Opera House
262:Franz Christian Gau
150:, and professor of
2181:Der Ring in Minden
2123:The Case of Wagner
1882:Bayreuther BlÀtter
1675:Art and Revolution
1594:Non-operatic music
1551:Tristan und Isolde
1303:2014-03-19 at the
1255:Herrman, Wolfgang
1203:(Ames, IA, 2005).
1088:2013-02-07 at the
853:Neues Hoftheater (
813:
709:"Gottfried Semper"
663:
657:Semper's (second)
636:
625:
586:Affoltern am Albis
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456:Duke of Wellington
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108:Semper Opera House
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1898:Bayreuth Festival
1874:Bayreuth Festival
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1836:(1858; text only)
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1826:(1850; text only)
1817:
1807:
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1784:Unfinished operas
1779:
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1640:Wesendonck Lieder
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1634:(1840, rev. 1855)
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1316:Wagner and Semper
1310:Semper, Gottfried
1209:978-1-4116-3391-9
953:Dorothea Schröder
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632:Franz von Lenbach
408:May 1849 uprising
361:Leipzig synagogue
195:, to a baton for
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2079:Named for Wagner
2048:Film adaptations
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1976:Siegfried Wagner
1961:Katharina Wagner
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1147:(Berlin, 2006).
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803:Works (selected)
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640:Vienna Ring Road
592:Semper provided
547:Swiss Federation
500:Gottfried Semper
460:Great Exhibition
345:Semper Synagogue
284:research at the
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135:Gottfried Semper
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51:29 November 1803
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2110:
2096:Wagner (crater)
2070:
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1991:Wolfgang Wagner
1986:Winifred Wagner
1941:Eva Chamberlain
1922:
1913:Jahrhundertring
1893:Bayreuth Circle
1865:
1840:
1775:
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1731:Opera and Drama
1662:
1650:Siegfried Idyll
1585:
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1531:GötterdÀmmerung
1462:
1420:Romantic operas
1411:
1377:Complete operas
1372:
1354:
1349:
1305:Wayback Machine
1274:
1269:
1115:Hvattum, Mari.
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2027:
2020:
2013:Wagner Dream
2011:
1966:Minna Wagner
1951:Ludwig Geyer
1880:
1856:Holztrompete
1830:
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1802:Die Hochzeit
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1110:Ph. D. Diss.
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1066:. Retrieved
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976:(in German).
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750:January 2024
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692:Please help
687:verification
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156:Semper Opera
152:architecture
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67:(1879-05-15)
2276:1879 deaths
2271:1803 births
2250:WikiProject
2106:3992 Wagner
2066:(1982 film)
2058:(1904 film)
2039:(1986 film)
2032:(2012 film)
2024:(1983 film)
1971:Nike Wagner
1861:Wagner tuba
1741:Other opera
1507:Die WalkĂŒre
1384:Early works
899:Burgtheater
575:Emil Schmid
570:, as well.
555:competition
294:Biedermeier
250:mathematics
84:Nationality
65:15 May 1879
2265:Categories
2151:Musikdrama
1849:Inventions
1832:Die Sieger
1717:Mein Leben
1440:TannhÀuser
1099:References
1068:October 3,
883:Winterthur
872:ETH Zurich
855:Semperoper
825:Villa Rosa
720:newspapers
579:Winterthur
564:ETH Zurich
540:Winterthur
522:ETH Zurich
444:Strasbourg
389:Villa Rosa
384:Semperoper
298:polychromy
296:-inspired
189:RingstraĂe
148:art critic
129:Albertinum
92:Occupation
47:1803-11-29
2212:Wahnfried
2141:Leitmotif
2037:Wahnfried
1770:Liebestod
1519:Siegfried
1452:Lohengrin
536:Stadthaus
440:Karlsruhe
406:, in the
363:in 1855.
286:Acropolis
278:antiquity
242:Göttingen
158:House in
104:Buildings
95:Architect
2230:Category
2064:Parsifal
2056:Parsifal
1667:Writings
1611:Overture
1575:Parsifal
1392:Die Feen
1301:Archived
1086:Archived
922:See also
606:Bayreuth
127:next to
2115:Related
2016:(opera)
1710:Leubald
1609:Polonia
817:Dresden
734:scholar
594:Bavaria
513:in 1865
462:in the
432:Zwickau
378:of the
376:gallery
234:Denmark
222:Hamburg
160:Dresden
139:German:
55:Hamburg
2021:Wagner
1816:(1838)
1806:(1832)
1796:(1830)
1654:(1870)
1644:(1858)
1624:(1843)
1614:(1836)
1603:(1832)
1406:Rienzi
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666:Legacy
560:ZĂŒrich
290:Athens
274:Greece
256:under
230:Altona
201:Munich
193:Vienna
168:ZĂŒrich
87:German
2240:Audio
939:Notes
741:JSTOR
727:books
270:Italy
77:Italy
1261:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1070:2022
1037:ISBN
713:news
450:and
442:and
417:John
306:Rome
304:and
272:and
248:and
211:Life
73:Rome
62:Died
41:Born
1033:880
696:by
596:'s
436:Hof
288:in
191:in
183:of
2267::
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313:(
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45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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