1699:
812:
73:
758:
1432:
1665:
328:
788:
1677:
820:
405:
1730:
66:
1718:
1815:
1804:
1176:
1934:
800:
1026:, began to hold the ambition of a French territorial empire in India in spite of the pronounced uninterested attitude of his distant superiors and of the French government, which didn't want to provoke the British. Dupleix's ambition clashed with British interests in India and a period of military skirmishes and political intrigues began and continued even in rare periods when France and Great Britain were officially at peace. Under the command of the
2823:
2529:
2543:
1259:
766:
367:
353:
1275:
1359:
1317:
1183:
1289:
2557:
1331:
1303:
1215:
1199:
1345:
1245:
1229:
1502:, who could withdraw his power delegation at his convenience. Philippe Haudrère, historian of the French East India Company, also wrote that Dupleix controlled those territories through a complex system of treaties and alliances, a system almost feudal in nature, territories guarded by garrisons with French commanders, but neither annexed nor transformed into protectorates.
2992:"Dupleix mène une grande politique visant à contrôler un vaste territoire, il s'agit bien de contrôle et non d'annexion, ni même de protectorat; c’est un ensemble compliqué reposant sur une série de traités et d'alliances et sur l'installation de garnisons commandées par des officiers français. C'est un système très souple de caractère presque féodal" Philippe Haudrère,
777:
982:, the first Governor, initiated ambitious projects to transform Pondichéry from a small fishing village into a flourishing port-town. However, the French found themselves in continual conflict with the Dutch and the English. In 1693, the Dutch captured Pondichéry and augmented the fortifications. The French regained the town in 1699 through the
89:
1452:. The lodges in Machilipatnam, Kozhikode and Surat were ceded to India on 6 October 1947. An agreement between France and India in 1948 agreed to an election in France's remaining Indian possessions to choose their political future. Governance of Chandernagore was ceded to India on 2 May 1950; it was then merged with
1493:
in 1886. An atlas published in the 1930s described those five settlements as "remnants of the great colonial empire that France had created in India in the 18th century". More recently, a historian of French India post-1816 described them as "debris of an empire" and the "last remnants of an immense
842:
Seeking to explain France's late entrance in the East India trade, historians cite geopolitical circumstances such as the inland position of the French capital, France's numerous internal customs barriers, and parochial perspectives of merchants on France's
Atlantic coast, who had little appetite for
1115:
houses had been erected. In 1769, the French East India
Company, unable to support itself financially, was abolished by the French Crown, which assumed administration of the French possessions in India. During the next 50 years, Pondichéry changed hands between France and Britain with the regularity
1135:
and Surat were returned to France. Pondichéry had lost much of its former glory, and
Chandernagore dwindled into an insignificant outpost to the north of the rapidly growing British metropolis of Calcutta. Successive governors tried, with mixed results, to improve infrastructure, industry, law and
1488:
From the mid-19th century onward there developed in France the belief that the five tiny settlements recovered from
Britain after the Napoleonic Wars were remnants of the "immense empire" acquired by Dupleix in the 18th century. "Our immense empire of India was reduced to five settlements" wrote
2979:"Elle n'entraînait pas le droit de l'exercice de la souveraineté, ainsi que l'ont écrit presque tous les historiens; Dupleix ne devenant en réalité que le lieutenant, ou naëb, du soubab; celui-ci conservait le pouvoir éminent et pouvait à sa convenance retirer sa délégation" Alfred Martineau,
1498:, who was also governor of French India, pointed out that the authority granted to Dupleix over the Carnatic in 1750 should not be construed as a transfer of sovereignty, as wrote most historians, given that Dupleix only became so to speak the lieutenant of the Indian
2928:
the
Government of India note and accept with pleasure the decision of the Government of France that October 6th will be the day from which the historic rights which France has exercised in the areas known as the French Loges in India will be
1657:
Under the French East India
Company's regime, the name 'lodge' was given to factories or insulated establishments consisting of a home and adjacent ground where France had the right to fly its flag and establish trading posts.
1147:). The results of this measure were not very satisfactory, and the qualifications for and the classes of the franchise were modified. The governor resided at Pondichéry and was assisted by a council. There were two
4826:
2661:
It is the largest and most significant loge among all others and was located on the outskirts of
Masulipatam. It included two bungalows, a chapel and some other buildings. Its total area is around 61 acres
1698:
1053:
In spite of a treaty between the
British and French agreeing not to interfere in regional Indian affairs, their colonial intrigues continued. The French expanded their influence at the court of the
2384:
on 21 October 1954 as per
Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947. The Chief Commissioner had the powers of the former French commissioner, but was under the direct control of the Union Government.
1784:
In the days of the French East India
Company, the title of the top official was most of the time Governor of Pondicherry and General Commander of the French settlements in the East Indies (
2671:
This French Loge was within the British-held Calicut town and consisted of 6 acres on the seashore about half a mile north of the Calicut Lighthouse and adjoins the old district jail site.
1096:
in 1760. In 1761, the British razed Pondichéry to the ground in revenge for the French depredations; it lay in ruins for four years. The French had lost their hold now in South India too.
1006:(about 150 kilometres or 93 miles south of Pondichéry) in 1739. In the early 18th century, the town of Pondichéry was laid out on a grid pattern and grew considerably. Able governors like
5271:
4819:
978:
On 4 February 1673, Bellanger de l'Espinay, a French officer, took up residence in the Danish Lodge in Pondichéry, thereby commencing the French administration of Pondichéry. In 1674,
994:
From their arrival until 1741, the objectives of the French, like those of the British, were purely commercial. During this period, the French East India Company peacefully acquired
5725:
17:
5068:
3300:
Frenchbooksonindia.com, an open access multilingual discovery tool with book data from 1531 to 2020, full-text ebooks from 1531 to 1937 and in-text search from c. 1830 to c. 1920
2249:
4812:
2711:
This factory was founded at the end of the seventeenth century but suffered from a lack of proper road transport and it lost its commercial activity during the next century.
1664:
2237:
1080:
to recover the lost French possessions and drive the British out of India. Lally arrived in Pondichéry in 1758, had some initial success and razed Fort St. David in
155:
5264:
1676:
1073:
in 1757, where the British decisively defeated the Nawab and his French allies, resulting in the extension of British power over the entire province of Bengal.
5877:
3338:
5061:
2375:
2343:
724:('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.
5872:
5257:
4647:
2503:
2481:
827:
France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the foundation of the
1494:
empire forever lost". However, France never held much more than the five settlements recovered in 1816. The historian of French India and archivist
4781:
2570:
1856:
2838:
5867:
5054:
4637:
839:(trading posts) on the shores of India, the French still did not have a viable trading company or a single permanent establishment in the East.
3588:
4652:
1729:
727:
By 1950, the total area measured 510 km (200 sq mi), of which 293 km (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of
5862:
1983:
811:
4622:
521:
2843:
2051:
5814:
5547:
4632:
3846:
3331:
2369:
2057:
1704:
5515:
4667:
2637:
is a trading station, whereas the five French settlements were entire towns with the surrounding area, and not mere trading stations.
2916:
Agreement by exchange of letters relating to the date of the cession of the former French lodges of India to the Government of India
856:
The first French commercial venture to India is believed to have taken place in the first half of the 16th century, in the reign of
4672:
3650:
2601:
1511:
735:. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.
630:
5897:
4692:
3851:
3790:
206:
2911:
Accord par échange de lettres relatif à la date de la cession des anciennes loges françaises de l'Inde au gouvernement de l'Inde
4642:
4595:
72:
5749:
5190:
3897:
3324:
3355:
757:
4774:
2291:
1431:
5902:
5693:
5231:
5080:
4723:
3368:
2075:
2039:
88:
5385:
4617:
4612:
3238:
3192:
3132:
3086:
3057:
3030:
2872:
876:, but the project failed. Fresh letters patent were issued in 1615, and two ships went to India, only one returning.
2909:
2159:
2099:
1042:, a British officer, arrived in India in 1744, and dashed the hopes of Dupleix to create a French empire in India.
65:
5892:
5375:
4627:
3540:
1850:
1838:
559:
1826:
1760:
1717:
979:
5345:
4767:
3780:
3770:
3735:
2243:
1868:
2325:
2297:
5720:
5395:
4862:
4857:
4743:
3286:
2117:
2285:
5508:
4713:
4682:
2702:
This factory exported muslins of 4 lakh rupees per annum by the mid-eighteen century. It was founded in 1722.
1989:
1971:
1904:
1077:
506:
1456:
state on 2 October 1954. On 1 November 1954, the four enclaves of Pondichéry, Yanam, Mahe– and Karikal were
787:
5607:
5368:
5121:
4733:
4389:
3740:
3347:
2093:
1465:
1445:
730:
623:
346:
5688:
5363:
5350:
4579:
3966:
3615:
2305:
2183:
2153:
1374:
1093:
1017:
843:
the large-scale investment required to develop a viable trading enterprise with the distant East Indies.
659:
104:
3775:
2586:
5033:
4314:
3866:
3583:
3578:
2689:
This factory supplied ordinary fabrics to the French East India Company. It was established in 1735 by
2279:
2261:
2225:
2207:
2063:
1959:
1490:
1045:
After a defeat and failed peace talks, Dupleix was summarily dismissed and recalled to France in 1754.
1027:
819:
433:
2690:
2267:
2213:
2081:
1886:
1682:
1023:
995:
5612:
5473:
5468:
5236:
4289:
3986:
3861:
3700:
3640:
2255:
1007:
883:
748:
671:
333:
227:
3260:
3214:
3154:
3108:
2729:
This factory was founded in 1668 after securing a firman and a factory site from Emperor Aurangazeb.
2720:
This factory used to sell drapes from Europe and bought saltpetre and opium. It was founded in 1727.
2195:
2171:
2105:
5887:
5501:
5455:
4954:
4574:
4549:
4086:
3785:
3765:
3625:
3485:
3443:
2201:
1874:
1862:
1158:
1104:
832:
5882:
4294:
4264:
4001:
3981:
3816:
3725:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
2231:
2219:
1953:
1898:
1495:
744:
616:
1965:
5427:
5280:
5180:
5170:
5101:
5077:
4835:
4790:
4519:
4429:
4424:
3665:
3604:
3496:
3423:
3413:
2022:
1996:
1911:
1790:
Gouverneur de Pondichéry et commandant général des établissements français aux Indes orientales
1149:
1100:
836:
667:
404:
2862:
1880:
1011:
835:
companies (in 1600 and 1602 respectively), and at a time when both companies were multiplying
5857:
5587:
5317:
5111:
4718:
4657:
4484:
4269:
4214:
4046:
4006:
3811:
3730:
3675:
3660:
3610:
3598:
3475:
2892:
2111:
2087:
1948:
1928:
1916:
1108:
891:
752:
579:
549:
2828:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
4569:
4524:
4459:
4404:
4349:
4234:
4139:
4096:
4051:
3971:
3871:
3715:
3620:
3470:
2918:] (in French). Paris: Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères. 1947. p. 5
2147:
1814:
1473:
1169:). Agricultural production consisted of rice, peanuts, tobacco, betel nuts and vegetables.
1166:
1062:
79:
1803:
1175:
1057:
and increased their trading activity in Bengal. In 1756, the French encouraged the Nawab (
8:
5783:
5106:
4939:
4900:
4844:
4554:
4499:
4384:
4379:
4274:
4254:
4179:
3976:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3921:
3760:
2459:
1439:
1111:
set to rebuild the town on its former layout and after five months 200 European and 2000
1089:
857:
770:
663:
5602:
3308:
2129:
5448:
5358:
5307:
5213:
5200:
5131:
4929:
4880:
4872:
4738:
4584:
4504:
4434:
4419:
4329:
4319:
4229:
4219:
4204:
4189:
4169:
4144:
4016:
3961:
3685:
3655:
3550:
3530:
3480:
3378:
3248:
3202:
3142:
3096:
2141:
1448:
on 15 August 1947 gave impetus to the union of France's Indian possessions with former
1084:
District to the ground in 1758, but strategic mistakes by Lally led to the loss of the
967:
959:
887:
873:
828:
599:
539:
2135:
1139:
By a decree of 25 January 1871, French India was to have an elective general council (
1018:
Ambition of establishment of French territorial empire in India and defeat (1741–1754)
998:(about 840 kilometres or 520 miles north-east of Pondichéry on Andhra Coast) in 1723,
5730:
5678:
5617:
5422:
5405:
5028:
5023:
4728:
4559:
4544:
4444:
4339:
4299:
4224:
4129:
4101:
4061:
3886:
3670:
3630:
3593:
3555:
3535:
3525:
3408:
3398:
3282:
3234:
3188:
3128:
3082:
3053:
3026:
2868:
2337:
1771:
1070:
983:
955:
5735:
2123:
1751:
907:
906:
In 1667, the French India Company sent out another expedition, under the command of
179:
5769:
5597:
5337:
5302:
4982:
4748:
4662:
4539:
4509:
4489:
4464:
4454:
4394:
4304:
4249:
4244:
4134:
4056:
3881:
3836:
3821:
3745:
3720:
3690:
3453:
3393:
2983:, Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales (Paris 1931) p. 168-169
2606:
2165:
2003:
1922:
1525:
1517:
1395:
1085:
1031:
699:
478:
132:
5739:
2273:
930:. In 1672, the French captured Fort Saint Thomas, but they were driven out by the
496:
5788:
5759:
5524:
5417:
5400:
4934:
4912:
4697:
4687:
4589:
4494:
4439:
4354:
4334:
4154:
4124:
4119:
4076:
4066:
4031:
4026:
3991:
3916:
3841:
3680:
3403:
3228:
3182:
3168:
3122:
3076:
3047:
3020:
2331:
2309:
2189:
1892:
1844:
1832:
1793:
1785:
1461:
1422:
1120:
1058:
1054:
962:
was laid. By 1720, the French had lost their factories at Surat, Masulipatam and
144:
47:
2680:
This factory supplied silk goods cargoes and situated in the heart of silk belt.
1933:
989:
5775:
5715:
5163:
5154:
5116:
4992:
4917:
4885:
4852:
4529:
4479:
4469:
4449:
4414:
4374:
4359:
4081:
4011:
3996:
3936:
3926:
3755:
3645:
3515:
3490:
3465:
3363:
3316:
2581:
2562:
2437:
2177:
2045:
2033:
1686:
1554:
931:
911:
869:
589:
423:
396:
140:
5709:
5312:
1585:
999:
703:
5851:
5764:
5670:
5637:
5557:
5412:
5005:
4922:
4895:
4474:
4399:
4364:
4324:
4239:
4209:
4199:
4184:
4071:
4041:
4021:
3750:
2834:
2829:
2534:
2380:
The first High Commissioner, Kewal Singh was appointed immediately after the
1977:
1690:
1578:
1449:
1413:
1128:
1124:
963:
943:
935:
707:
125:
2891:
Benians, Ernest Alfred; Newton, Arthur Percival; Rose, John Holland (1940),
1014:(1735–1741) expanded the Pondichéry area and made it a large and rich town.
5443:
5297:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4890:
4677:
4564:
4194:
4159:
4149:
4091:
3891:
3795:
3705:
3695:
3460:
3373:
3230:
The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations
3184:
The Statesman's Year-Book 1960: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations
3124:
The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations
2996:, in Présences françaises outre-mer (XVIe-XXIe siècles), Philippe Bonichon
2591:
2548:
2009:
1937:
1818:
1808:
1609:
1536:
and its territory comprising districts of Pondichéry, Villenour and Bahour;
1112:
1039:
1035:
938:(present-day Chandannagar) was established in 1692, with the permission of
711:
453:
3171:. Monthly Journal of Local Govt. and Public Administration in India. 1958.
1022:
Soon after his arrival in 1741, the most famous governor of French India,
5627:
5175:
4962:
4834:
4759:
4284:
4164:
3856:
3635:
3383:
3304:
3022:
A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal, 1669 to 1679
2955:
France’s Lost Empires. Fragmentation, Nostalgia and la fracture coloniale
2596:
2576:
2415:
2069:
2027:
2015:
1617:
1569:
1532:
1453:
1435:
1954 French ID issued at their colony of Pondicherry before the transfer.
927:
792:
685:
569:
443:
360:
115:
2847:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 421.
1472:
union of French India with India did not take place until 1962 when the
5826:
5567:
5562:
5149:
5088:
4534:
4309:
4259:
4174:
3826:
3710:
3545:
2957:, edited by Kate Marsh and Nicola Frith, Lexington Books, (2010) p. 37
895:
799:
5577:
1483:
1440:
Independence movement (18th–20th century) and merger with India (1954)
765:
5832:
4514:
4409:
4369:
4344:
4279:
3941:
3931:
3831:
1708:
1132:
1081:
926:
In 1669, Marcara succeeded in establishing another French factory at
136:
5010:
3009:
Chapitre II, Notices statistiques sur les colonies françaises, 1839.
5322:
5139:
3876:
3520:
2352:
1629:
1540:
1066:
1003:
865:
691:
244:
5159:
3299:
1792:). After 1816, it was Governor of French establishments in India (
5820:
5572:
5208:
5144:
5000:
4944:
4036:
1642:
1593:
1404:
951:
851:
950:. In 1673, the French acquired the area of Pondicherry from the
5185:
5096:
4905:
3560:
1621:
1602:
1561:
1386:
973:
947:
781:
715:
299:
5279:
2968:
Les établissements français en Inde au XIXe siècle (1816-1914)
1153:(Tribunals of first instance) (at Pondichéry and Karikal) one
1099:
In 1765, Pondichéry was returned to France in accordance with
868:
and were never heard of again. In 1604, a company was granted
5327:
5218:
3279:
Myths and realities of French imperialism in India, 1763–1783
2357:
2021:
Fourth British occupation, August 1803 – 26 September 1816 —
1910:
First British occupation, January 15, 1761 – June 25, 1765 —
1648:
1633:
1625:
1499:
1477:
990:
Establishment of colonies at Yanon (1723) and Karaikal (1739)
939:
915:
861:
804:
695:
679:
385:
231:
918:
in 1668 and established the first French factory in India.
5076:
2002:
Third British occupation, 23 August 1793 – 18 June 1802 —
1565:
and its territory comprising dependent aldées or villages;
1048:
1030:, Dupleix's army successfully controlled the area between
823:
View of the Palace of the Governor of Pondicherry in 1850
776:
662:
comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the
3233:. MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London. 1963. pp. 474–475.
2944:, Librairie Guillaumin et Cie (2nd edition, 1886), p. vi
2048:, Marie Emmanuel (Acting), 2 August 1828 – 11 April 1829
1670:
Pro-merger movement of French Settlements in India, 1954
921:
413:, distributed by the British Information Services (1942)
3012:
3039:
2456:
2036:, Marie Emmanuel (Acting), October 1825 – 19 June 1826
1505:
860:, when two ships were fitted out by some merchants of
2652:
The French Factory at Masulipatam was founded in 1669
2524:
2500:
2478:
2376:
List of consuls general of India in the French India
1960:
Charles Joseph Pâtissier, Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau
2778:
Pondichéry et les comptoirs de l'Inde après Dupleix
1740:
2994:Présence française en Inde et dans l’Océan indien
2890:
2434:
1895:, Le commissaire (Acting), 15 October 1754 – 1754
1798:Gouverneur des établissements français de l'Inde'
1489:French economist and colonial expansion promoter
5849:
3346:
3045:
2571:Apostolic Prefecture of French Colonies in India
901:
2791:Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600–1800
2387:The list of Chief Commissioners is given below
1460:transferred to the Indian Union and became the
2970:, Librairie de l'Inde Éditeur (1988), p. 24-25
2793:, University of Minnesota Press, 1976, p. 201.
2412:
852:Initial marine voyages to India (16th century)
815:Governor's Garden at Pondicherry, 18th century
761:India at the height of French influence (1751)
5878:States and territories disestablished in 1954
5509:
5265:
5062:
4820:
4775:
3332:
3175:
3115:
3018:
1127:, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam and the lodges at
624:
2942:De la colonisation chez les peuples modernes
2867:, University of Chicago Press, p. 747,
2632:
2626:
1984:Camille Charles Leclerc, chevalier de Fresne
974:Establishment of colony at Pondichéry (1673)
728:
719:
683:
648:
39:
5659:
2894:The Cambridge history of the British Empire
1954:Guillaume de Bellecombe, seigneur de Teirac
880:La Compagnie française des Indes orientales
864:to trade in eastern seas; they sailed from
18:Gouverneur Général de l'Inde française
5873:States and territories established in 1769
5516:
5502:
5272:
5258:
5069:
5055:
4827:
4813:
4789:
4782:
4768:
3847:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
3339:
3325:
3071:
3069:
2370:List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry
2252:(Acting), 11 February 1926 – 5 August 1926
2058:Hubert Jean Victor, Marquis de Saint-Simon
2012:, Comte Decaen, 18 June 1802 – August 1803
1379:French establishments and loges as of 1947
631:
617:
87:
5536:
2240:(Acting), 29 June 1918 – 21 February 1919
1947:Second British occupation, 1778 – 1783 –
1484:The myth of "our immense empire in India"
1123:, the five establishments of Pondichéry,
93:French India (shaded in white) after 1815
2833:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2602:Municipal administration in French India
2052:Auguste Jacques Nicolas Peureux de MĂ©lay
1932:
1813:
1802:
1735:Chandernagore's Government House c. 1850
1512:Municipal administration in French India
1430:
818:
810:
798:
786:
775:
764:
756:
3161:
3066:
2780:, Éditions Denoël, Paris, 1996, p. 347.
1049:French vs British intrigues (1754–1871)
207:Representative Assembly of French India
14:
5868:1954 disestablishments in French India
5850:
3187:. MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London. 1960.
3127:. MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London. 1963.
1857:Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière
954:of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of
5658:
5535:
5497:
5253:
5050:
4808:
4763:
3320:
3078:Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature
2886:
2884:
2809:
2625:In France, it was popularly known as
2363:
2246:, 21 February 1919 – 11 February 1926
1711:in 1782, J. B. Morret engraving, 1789
1258:
1119:In 1816, after the conclusion of the
922:French expansion in India (1669-1672)
894:(1664) when he sent an expedition to
3049:A History of Modern India, 1480-1950
2860:
2856:
2854:
2292:Nicolas Ernest Marie Maurice Jeandin
1769:, September 1693 – September 1699 —
1572:lodge and a garden named Francepeth.
718:. The French also possessed several
682:in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were
5863:1769 establishments in French India
5523:
5232:French colonization of the Americas
2804:Les Compagnies des Indes Orientales
2076:Hyacinthe Marie de Lalande de Calan
1889:, 14 January 1742 – 15 October 1754
1829:, September 1699 – 31 December 1706
1506:List of French settlements in India
1274:
1214:
1136:education over the next 138 years.
886:) was formed under the auspices of
650:Établissements français dans l'Inde
41:Établissements français dans l'Inde
24:
2881:
2319:
2030:, 26 September 1816 – October 1825
1835:(Acting), January 1707 – July 1708
1182:
1116:of their wars and peace treaties.
25:
5914:
3293:
3000:, Karthala (2012), tome 1, p. 245
2851:
2174:, February 1898 – 11 January 1902
1061:) to attack and take the British
803:French factory (trading post) at
268:510 km (200 sq mi)
3541:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
2821:
2555:
2541:
2527:
2346:, October 1954 – 1 November 1954
2300:, 20 March 1946 – 20 August 1947
2204:, October 1906 – 3 December 1907
1745:
1741:List of chief governing officers
1728:
1716:
1697:
1675:
1663:
1480:ratified the treaty with India.
1357:
1343:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1257:
1243:
1227:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1174:
560:British rule in Portuguese India
403:
365:
351:
326:
71:
64:
5726:French domains of the Holy Land
3781:Provisional Government of India
3310:Freedom struggle in Pondicherry
3271:
3221:
3081:. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 2004.
3003:
2986:
2973:
2960:
2947:
2934:
2902:
2861:Lach, Donald Frederick (1998),
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2655:
2646:
2244:Louis Martial Innocent Gerbinis
2040:Eugène Desbassayns de Richemont
1869:Joseph Beauvollier de Courchant
1859:, August 1718 – 11 October 1721
1244:
1198:
1143:) and elective local councils (
986:, signed on 20 September 1697.
934:after a long and costly siege.
890:(1642) and reconstructed under
5898:Former countries in South Asia
5721:French domains of Saint Helena
4838:in Africa and the Indian Ocean
3025:. Asian Educational Services.
2796:
2783:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2631:. Strictly speaking though, a
2619:
2393:
2234:, November 1913 – 29 June 1918
2118:Adolph Joseph Antoine Trillard
2100:Napoléon Joseph Louis Bontemps
1358:
1288:
914:named Marcara), which reached
13:
1:
3052:. Anthem Press. p. 210.
2736:
2340:, 31 July 1950 – October 1954
1990:Dominique Prosper de Chermont
1972:David Charpentier de Cossigny
1966:François, Vicomte de Souillac
1905:Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally
1685:meeting the Soudhabar of the
1516:French establishments in the
1344:
1330:
1302:
1002:on Malabar Coast in 1725 and
958:, and thus the foundation of
902:First factory in India (1668)
738:
507:Portuguese East India Company
5456:Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)
4390:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3666:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
3348:Indian independence movement
3313:– Gov't of India publication
2981:Dupleix, sa vie et son Ĺ“uvre
2864:Asia in the making of Europe
2749:Not as widespread as English
2326:Charles François Marie Baron
2298:Charles François Marie Baron
2126:, February 1879 – April 1881
2054:, 11 April 1829 – 3 May 1835
1821:Government House and Convent
1807:Quai Dupleix at Strand Road
1779:
1228:
347:Puducherry (union territory)
105:Overseas Territory of France
102:Colony of France (1664–1946)
7:
5696: and Antarctic Lands
4580:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3967:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
2520:
2328:, 20 August 1947 – May 1949
2286:Louis Alexis Étienne Bonvin
2228:, July 1911 – November 1913
2198:, April 1905 – October 1906
2184:Victor Louis Marie Lanrezac
2154:Louis Hippolyte Marie Nouet
2108:, June 1871 – November 1871
2096:, April 1857 – January 1863
1723:French India postage stamps
1161:) (at Pondichéry) and five
656:French Settlements in India
36:French Settlements in India
10:
5919:
4315:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
3867:Indian Independence League
3584:Partition of Bengal (1947)
3579:Partition of Bengal (1905)
2373:
2367:
2288:, 26 September 1938 – 1945
2280:Horace Valentin Crocicchia
2262:Robert Paul Marie de Guise
2226:Pierre Louis Alfred Duprat
2208:Adrien Jules Jean Bonhoure
2192:, August 1904 – April 1905
2102:, January 1863 – June 1871
2090:, August 1852 – April 1857
2064:Paul de Nourquer du Camper
1509:
1491:Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu
1076:Subsequently, France sent
1028:Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau
910:(who was accompanied by a
846:
742:
5809:
5748:
5704:
5687:
5669:
5665:
5654:
5626:
5613:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5586:
5546:
5542:
5531:
5490:
5474:French East India Company
5464:
5436:
5384:
5336:
5288:
5249:
5237:French West India Company
5227:
5199:
5130:
5087:
5046:
5019:
4991:
4953:
4871:
4843:
4804:
4797:
4706:
4605:
4490:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
4290:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
4110:
3987:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
3907:
3862:Indian Home Rule movement
3804:
3701:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
3641:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
3569:
3506:
3354:
3046:Claude Markovits (2004).
2334:, May 1949 – 31 July 1950
2256:Pierre Jean Henri Didelot
2222:, 9 July 1910 – July 1911
2180:(Acting), 11 January 1902
2160:Léon Émile Clément-Thomas
2094:Alexandre Durand d'Ubraye
2060:, 3 May 1835 – April 1840
1757:François Baron, 1672–1681
1008:Pierre Christophe Le Noir
884:French East India Company
749:Colonial History of Yanam
729:
684:
672:French East India Company
655:
381:
334:French East India Company
305:
295:
291:
281:
277:
272:
264:
259:
255:
241:
228:French East India Company
224:
220:
212:
202:
198:
188:
173:
169:
161:
151:
121:
111:
98:
86:
61:
56:
34:
5752: the Indian Ocean
4729:Indian annexation of Goa
4575:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
4087:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
3852:Indian National Congress
3651:Non-cooperation movement
2612:
2250:Henri Léo Eugène Lagroua
2202:Gabriel Louis Angoulvant
2028:André Julien Comte Dupuy
2010:Charles Matthieu Isidore
1875:Pierre Christoph Le Noir
1863:Pierre Christoph Le Noir
1851:Guillaume André d'Hébert
1839:Guillaume André d'Hébert
795:in the late 18th century
666:that had initially been
5893:Former colonies in Asia
5660:Uninhabited territories
5171:Saint Kitts & Nevis
4734:Indian Independence Act
4320:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
4295:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
4265:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
4002:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
3982:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
3817:All-India Muslim League
3771:Royal Air Force strikes
3736:Round table conferences
3726:Chittagong armoury raid
3616:Hindu–German Conspiracy
3599:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
3369:Porto Grande de Bengala
2844:Encyclopædia Britannica
2628:les Comptoirs de l'Inde
2304:French India became an
2268:François Adrien Juvanon
2238:Pierre Étienne Clayssen
2232:Alfred Albert Martineau
2220:Alfred Albert Martineau
2214:Ernest Fernand LĂ©vecque
2082:Philippe Achille BĂ©dier
1978:Thomas, comte de Conway
1899:Georges Duval de Leyrit
1887:Joseph François Dupleix
1024:Joseph François Dupleix
745:Franco-Indian alliances
156:Colonial administration
5903:France–India relations
5590: collectivities
5428:Sanjak of Alexandretta
5281:Former French colonies
5078:Former French colonies
4836:Former French colonies
4791:French overseas empire
4520:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
4425:Purushottam Das Tandon
3791:Praja Mandala movement
3605:The Indian Sociologist
3019:Thomas Bowrey (1993).
2633:
2627:
2314:territoire d'outre-mer
2313:
2196:Joseph Pascal François
2172:François Pierre Rodier
2168:, 1896 – February 1898
2114:, November 1871 – 1875
2106:Antoine-LĂ©once Michaux
2042:, 1826 – 2 August 1828
2023:Treaty of Paris (1814)
1997:Leroux de Touffreville
1992:, November 1792 – 1793
1949:Treaty of Paris (1783)
1943:
1912:Treaty of Paris (1763)
1822:
1811:
1797:
1789:
1763:, 1681 – November 1693
1436:
824:
816:
808:
796:
784:
773:
762:
720:
678:incorporated into the
649:
40:
5537:Inhabited territories
5469:France–Asia relations
5024:Somaliland (Djibouti)
4744:Political integration
4485:Shyamji Krishna Varma
4270:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
4215:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
4047:Rettamalai Srinivasan
4007:Mahadev Govind Ranade
3812:All India Kisan Sabha
3776:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
3676:Qissa Khwani massacre
3661:Coolie-Begar movement
3476:Second Anglo-Sikh War
3281:. New York: P. Lang.
2940:Paul Leroy-Beaulieu,
2587:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
2374:Further information:
2316:) of France in 1946.
2138:, October 1884 – 1886
2132:, 1881 – October 1884
2112:Pierre Aristide Faron
2088:Raymond de Saint-Maur
1980:, October 1787 – 1789
1974:, October 1785 – 1787
1956:, January 1777 – 1778
1936:
1931:, 1767 – January 1777
1929:Jean Law de Lauriston
1917:Jean Law de Lauriston
1907:, 1758 – January 1761
1817:
1806:
1510:Further information:
1446:Independence of India
1434:
1167:Justices of the Peace
1109:Jean Law de Lauriston
892:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
822:
814:
802:
790:
779:
768:
760:
753:History of Puducherry
580:British rule in Burma
550:Company rule in India
122:Common languages
5815:overseas departments
5750:Scattered Islands in
5631: collectivity
5089:French North America
4570:Veeran Sundaralingam
4525:Tara Rani Srivastava
4460:Sahajanand Saraswati
4350:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
4235:Chandra Shekhar Azad
4140:Alluri Sitarama Raju
4097:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
4052:Sahajanand Saraswati
3972:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
3872:Indian National Army
3716:Dharasana Satyagraha
3621:Champaran Satyagraha
3471:First Anglo-Sikh War
3277:Sudipta Das (1992).
2806:, Paris, 2006, p 70.
2767:as High Commissioner
2276:, August 1934 – 1936
2216:, 1909 – 9 July 1910
2148:Georges Jules Piquet
2016:Louis François Binot
1375:class=notpageimage|
1150:Tribunaux d'instance
1094:siege of Pondicherry
570:British Raj in India
27:Former French colony
5784:Juan de Nova Island
5671:North Pacific Ocean
5283:in Asia and Oceania
4555:V. K. Krishna Menon
4500:Subhas Chandra Bose
4385:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
4380:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
4275:Govind Ballabh Pant
4255:Dayananda Saraswati
4180:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3977:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
3957:Dhondo Keshav Karve
3952:Dayananda Saraswati
3947:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3922:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
3435:Anglo-Maratha Wars
2802:Philippe Haudrère,
2460:Lal Ram Saran Singh
2356:transferred to the
2066:, April 1840 – 1844
1925:(Acting), 1766–1767
1881:Pierre Benoît Dumas
1865:(Acting), 1721–1723
1616:The five lodges of
1101:a 1763 peace treaty
1090:Battle of Wandiwash
1012:Pierre Benoît Dumas
771:Ananda Ranga Pillai
664:Indian subcontinent
300:French Indian Rupee
194:Georges Escaragueil
5689:Overseas territory
5214:France Antarctique
5201:Equinoctial France
5164:Dominican Republic
4739:Partition of India
4585:Yashwantrao Holkar
4550:V. O. Chidamabaram
4505:Subramania Bharati
4435:Rahul Sankrityayan
4420:Pritilata Waddedar
4330:Shri Krishna Singh
4230:C. Rajagopalachari
4220:Bidhan Chandra Roy
4205:Bhavabhushan Mitra
4190:Begum Hazrat Mahal
4145:Annapurna Maharana
4017:Muthulakshmi Reddy
3962:G. Subramania Iyer
3656:Christmas Day Plot
3531:Indian nationalism
3481:Sannyasi rebellion
3379:East India Company
2573:(Catholic mission)
2382:Kizhoor referendum
2364:High Commissioners
2344:Georges Escargueil
2306:Overseas territory
1944:
1823:
1812:
1707:meeting with ally
1613:and its territory;
1589:and its territory;
1544:and its dependent
1437:
1069:. This led to the
968:East India Company
942:Shaista Khan, the
888:Cardinal Richelieu
825:
817:
809:
797:
785:
774:
763:
600:Partition of India
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5740:Amsterdam Islands
5731:Kerguelen Islands
5679:Clipperton Island
5650:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5618:Wallis and Futuna
5486:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5386:Mandate for Syria
5376:Kouang-Tchéou-Wan
5338:Indochinese Union
5245:
5244:
5042:
5041:
4955:Equatorial Africa
4757:
4756:
4724:Republic of India
4560:Vallabhbhai Patel
4545:Ubaidullah Sindhi
4445:Ram Prasad Bismil
4340:M. Bhaktavatsalam
4300:Jatindra Nath Das
4225:Bipin Chandra Pal
4160:Babu Kunwar Singh
4130:Achyut Patwardhan
3887:Khudai Khidmatgar
3731:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
3671:Kakori conspiracy
3631:Rowlatt Committee
3594:Direct Action Day
3556:Swadeshi movement
3536:Khilafat Movement
3526:Hindu nationalism
3486:Rebellion of 1857
3409:Anglo-Mysore Wars
3399:Battle of Plassey
2518:
2517:
2504:K.J. Somasundaram
2482:Sisir Kumar Dutta
2426:16 November 1956
2358:Republic of India
1772:Treaty of Ryswick
1520:as of 1839 were:
1474:French Parliament
1071:Battle of Plassey
984:Treaty of Ryswick
680:Republic of India
641:
640:
608:
607:
515:
514:
472:
471:
391:
390:
377:
376:
373:
372:
339:
338:
175:• 1668–1673
16:(Redirected from
5910:
5770:Glorioso Islands
5751:
5702:
5701:
5695:
5691:
5667:
5666:
5656:
5655:
5630:
5603:Saint Barthélemy
5598:French Polynesia
5589:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5533:
5532:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5495:
5494:
5303:Coromandel Coast
5274:
5267:
5260:
5251:
5250:
5132:French Caribbean
5112:Terre Neuve
5071:
5064:
5057:
5048:
5047:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4749:Simla Conference
4540:Tiruppur Kumaran
4510:Subramaniya Siva
4465:Sangolli Rayanna
4455:Rash Behari Bose
4395:Nagnath Naikwadi
4305:Jawaharlal Nehru
4250:Dadabhai Naoroji
4245:Chittaranjan Das
4135:A. K. Fazlul Huq
4057:Savitribai Phule
3882:Khaksar movement
3837:Berlin Committee
3822:Anushilan Samiti
3786:Independence Day
3746:Aundh Experiment
3721:Vedaranyam March
3626:Kheda Satyagraha
3611:Singapore Mutiny
3394:Portuguese India
3341:
3334:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3244:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3138:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2990:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2607:Portuguese India
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2514:13 October 1963
2508:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2470:8 February 1961
2464:
2463:
2462:
2445:17 November 1956
2442:
2441:
2440:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2166:Louis Jean Girod
2130:Théodore Drouhet
2004:Treaty of Amiens
1941:Government House
1923:Antoine Boyellau
1767:Dutch occupation
1732:
1720:
1701:
1679:
1667:
1553:On the coast of
1526:Coramandel coast
1518:Indian peninsula
1496:Alfred Martineau
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1396:Coromandel coast
1393:
1389:
1384:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1305:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1277:
1276:
1261:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1231:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1201:
1200:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1010:(1726–1735) and
833:Dutch East India
734:
733:
723:
700:Coromandel Coast
689:
688:
657:
652:
633:
626:
619:
536:
535:
529:
528:
493:
492:
486:
485:
479:Portuguese India
420:
419:
409:Map of colonial
407:
393:
392:
369:
368:
355:
354:
343:
342:
330:
329:
323:
322:
307:
306:
230:Commissioner of
184:
91:
75:
68:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
5918:
5917:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5888:Colonial Kerala
5848:
5847:
5846:
5837:
5819:Claimed by the
5793:
5789:Tromelin Island
5760:Bassas da India
5744:
5694:French Southern
5683:
5661:
5642:
5622:
5582:
5550: regions
5538:
5527:
5525:Overseas France
5522:
5478:
5460:
5432:
5418:Greater Lebanon
5388:and the Lebanon
5387:
5380:
5332:
5284:
5278:
5241:
5223:
5195:
5126:
5083:
5081:in the Americas
5075:
5038:
5015:
4987:
4949:
4867:
4839:
4833:
4793:
4788:
4758:
4753:
4714:Cabinet Mission
4702:
4606:British leaders
4601:
4590:Yogendra Shukla
4495:Siraj ud-Daulah
4450:Rani Lakshmibai
4440:Rajendra Prasad
4430:R. Venkataraman
4375:Mithuben Petit‎
4355:Mahadaji Shinde
4335:Lala Lajpat Rai
4170:Bahadur Shah II
4155:Ashfaqulla Khan
4125:Accamma Cherian
4120:Abul Kalam Azad
4112:
4106:
4077:Syed Ahmad Khan
4067:Sister Nivedita
4032:Pandita Ramabai
4027:Niralamba Swami
3992:J. B. Kripalani
3917:Ashfaqulla Khan
3909:
3903:
3842:Ghadar Movement
3800:
3681:Flag Satyagraha
3589:Revolutionaries
3571:
3565:
3508:
3502:
3404:Battle of Buxar
3350:
3345:
3296:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3227:
3226:
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3209:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3169:"Civil Affairs"
3167:
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3140:
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3120:
3116:
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3044:
3040:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2974:
2966:Jacques Weber,
2965:
2961:
2952:
2948:
2939:
2935:
2921:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2859:
2852:
2837:, ed. (1911). "
2822:
2820:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2789:Holden Furber,
2788:
2784:
2776:Jacques Weber,
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:as Commissioner
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
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2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2670:
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2651:
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2624:
2620:
2615:
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2554:
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2542:
2540:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2502:
2501:
2480:
2479:
2458:
2457:
2448:27 August 1958
2436:
2435:
2423:21 October 1954
2414:
2413:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2332:Charles Chambon
2322:
2190:Philema Lemaire
2136:Étienne Richaud
1893:Charles Godeheu
1845:Pierre Dulivier
1833:Pierre Dulivier
1827:François Martin
1782:
1761:François Martin
1748:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1712:
1702:
1693:
1680:
1671:
1668:
1548:, or districts.
1514:
1508:
1486:
1462:Union Territory
1442:
1429:
1428:
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1426:
1418:
1417:
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1400:
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1202:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1159:Court of Appeal
1141:conseil général
1121:Napoleonic Wars
1078:Lally-Tollendal
1059:Siraj ud-Daulah
1055:Nawab of Bengal
1051:
1020:
992:
980:François Martin
976:
966:to the British
924:
904:
854:
849:
755:
741:
646:, formally the
637:
590:Princely states
530:
526:
525:
524:
487:
483:
482:
481:
414:
366:
352:
327:
284:
251:1 November 1954
248:
234:
191:
182:
176:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
103:
94:
82:
77:
76:
69:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5883:Colonial India
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5813:Also known as
5810:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:Banc du Geyser
5767:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5716:Crozet Islands
5713:
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5699:
5685:
5684:
5682:
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5675:
5673:
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5423:Jabal al-Druze
5420:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5396:State of Syria
5392:
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5382:
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5211:
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5194:
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5191:Virgin Islands
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5155:Saint-Domingue
5152:
5150:The Grenadines
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5117:French Florida
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
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5085:
5084:
5074:
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5034:Isle de France
5031:
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4527:
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4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4480:Shuja-ud-Daula
4477:
4472:
4470:Sarojini Naidu
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
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4415:Prafulla Chaki
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
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4382:
4377:
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4360:Mahatma Gandhi
4357:
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4082:Vakkom Moulavi
4079:
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4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Mahatma Gandhi
4009:
4004:
3999:
3997:Jyotirao Phule
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:B. R. Ambedkar
3934:
3929:
3927:Ayya Vaikundar
3924:
3919:
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3911:
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3756:Cripps Mission
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3646:Noakhali riots
3643:
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3563:
3558:
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3548:
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3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3509:and ideologies
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3491:Radcliffe Line
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Vellore Mutiny
3463:
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3295:
3294:External links
3292:
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3133:
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2953:Kathryn Dale,
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2835:Chisholm, Hugh
2808:
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2582:Colonial India
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2563:History portal
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2492:1 August 1963
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2467:30 August 1958
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2438:M.K. Kripalani
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2124:LĂ©once Laugier
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5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5653:
5639:
5638:New Caledonia
5636:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:French Guiana
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5545:
5541:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5514:
5512:
5507:
5505:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Alawite State
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5181:Saint Vincent
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5072:
5067:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:Grande Comore
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4923:Four Communes
4921:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4906:Arguin Island
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4780:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4475:Satyapal Dang
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Nana Fadnavis
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Mangal Pandey
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:Khudiram Bose
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:Chetram Jatav
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Bhikaiji Cama
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Bharathidasan
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Basawon Singh
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Sri Aurobindo
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:Ram Mohan Roy
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Narayana Guru
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:Organisations
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3766:Bombay Mutiny
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Indian Legion
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:1928 Protests
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Rowlatt Bills
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
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3407:
3405:
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3361:
3359:
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3349:
3342:
3337:
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3330:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3262:
3250:
3242:
3240:9780230270923
3236:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3204:
3196:
3194:9780230270893
3190:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3144:
3136:
3134:9780230270893
3130:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3098:
3090:
3088:9788120004009
3084:
3080:
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3072:
3070:
3061:
3059:9781843311522
3055:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3032:9788120608481
3028:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3006:
2999:
2995:
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2896:
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2885:
2876:
2874:9780226467672
2870:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2839:India, French
2836:
2831:
2830:public domain
2817:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
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2580:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2553:
2550:
2539:
2536:
2535:France portal
2525:
2513:
2511:2 August 1963
2510:
2505:
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2359:
2355:
2354:
2350:French India
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:Commissioners
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:LĂ©on Solomiac
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
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2251:
2248:
2245:
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2239:
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2209:
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2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
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2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:Édouard Manès
2140:
2137:
2134:
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2128:
2125:
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2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
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2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
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1930:
1927:
1924:
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1918:
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1849:
1846:
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1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1819:Chandernagore
1816:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:Commissioners
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:Murzapha Jung
1688:
1684:
1678:
1673:
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1646:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:Chandernagore
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:Malabar coast
1576:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:British India
1447:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1414:Malabar coast
1406:
1397:
1388:
1376:
1367:
1267:
1266:Chandernagore
1237:
1207:
1191:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:Juges de paix
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:conseil local
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:Machilipatnam
1126:
1125:Chandernagore
1122:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:Chandernagore
933:
929:
919:
917:
913:
909:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
875:
874:King Henry IV
871:
867:
863:
859:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
821:
813:
807:on the Ganges
806:
801:
794:
789:
783:
778:
772:
767:
759:
754:
750:
746:
736:
732:
725:
722:
717:
713:
709:
708:Malabar Coast
705:
701:
697:
693:
687:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:French colony
653:
651:
645:
634:
629:
627:
622:
620:
615:
614:
612:
611:
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
561:
558:
557:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
523:
522:British India
519:
518:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
498:
497:Casa da ĂŤndia
495:
494:
491:
490:
480:
476:
475:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
434:Swedish India
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
412:
406:
402:
401:
398:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:Today part of
380:
364:
362:
359:
358:
350:
348:
345:
344:
341:
335:
332:
325:
324:
321:
320:
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290:
286:
280:
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263:
258:
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250:
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229:
226:• First
223:
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215:
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208:
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197:
193:
187:
181:
178:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
90:
85:
81:
74:
67:
60:
55:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
5858:French India
5774:
5708:
5608:Saint Martin
5444:New Hebrides
5298:Chandernagor
5290:French India
5289:
5122:French Texas
4978:Ubangi-Shari
4973:Middle Congo
4940:James Island
4845:North Africa
4719:Constitution
4707:Independence
4594:
4565:Vanchinathan
4195:Bhagat Singh
4150:Annie Besant
4111:Independence
4092:Vinoba Bhave
3896:
3892:Swaraj Party
3796:Lucknow Pact
3706:Purna Swaraj
3696:Nehru Report
3603:
3507:Philosophies
3495:
3461:Polygar Wars
3389:French India
3388:
3374:Dutch Bengal
3364:Colonisation
3309:
3278:
3272:Bibliography
3229:
3223:
3183:
3177:
3163:
3123:
3117:
3077:
3048:
3041:
3021:
3014:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2967:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2927:
2920:. Retrieved
2915:
2910:
2904:
2897:, p. 66
2893:
2863:
2842:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2777:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2657:
2648:
2621:
2592:Danish India
2549:India portal
2404:Left office
2401:Took office
2386:
2381:
2379:
2351:
2349:
2338:André Ménard
2303:
1940:
1938:Chandernagor
1809:Chandernagor
1783:
1770:
1766:
1656:
1608:
1584:
1560:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1515:
1487:
1469:
1457:
1443:
1365:
1265:
1235:
1205:
1189:
1162:
1155:Cour d'appel
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1118:
1098:
1088:region, the
1075:
1063:Fort William
1052:
1044:
1040:Robert Clive
1036:Cape Comorin
1021:
993:
977:
946:governor of
925:
905:
879:
878:
855:
841:
826:
726:
712:Chandernagor
675:
674:. They were
647:
644:French India
643:
642:
540:EIC in India
464:French India
463:
454:Danish India
410:
316:Succeeded by
315:
310:
283:• 1936
190:• 1954
128:
29:
5831:Claimed by
5825:Claimed by
5710:Adélie Land
5628:Sui generis
5359:Cochinchina
5176:Saint Lucia
4930:Upper Volta
4873:West Africa
4663:Mountbatten
4285:Hemu Kalani
4165:Bagha Jatin
4102:Vivekananda
3857:India House
3741:Act of 1935
3516:Ambedkarism
3384:British Raj
3305:V. Sankaran
3257:|work=
3211:|work=
3151:|work=
3105:|work=
2922:2 September
2662:(0.28sqkm).
2597:Dutch India
2577:British Raj
2416:Kewal Singh
2294:, 1945–1946
2282:, 1936–1938
2270:, 1931–1934
2264:, 1928–1931
2258:, 1926–1928
2210:, 1908–1909
2186:, 1902–1904
2162:, 1891–1896
2156:, 1889–1891
2150:, 1888–1889
2144:, 1886–1888
2120:, 1875–1878
2084:, 1851–1852
2078:, 1849–1850
2072:, 1844–1849
2070:Louis Pujol
1986:, 1789–1792
1962:, 1783–1785
1919:, 1765–1766
1901:, 1756–1758
1883:, 1735–1741
1877:, 1727–1734
1871:, 1723–1726
1853:, 1715–1718
1847:, 1713–1715
1841:, 1708–1712
1754:, 1668–1672
1618:Cassimbazar
1570:Masulipatam
1454:West Bengal
1281:Cassimbazar
1221:Masulipatam
1107:. Governor
1038:. However,
928:Masulipatam
793:Pondicherry
527:(1600–1947)
484:(1505–1961)
444:Dutch India
361:West Bengal
311:Preceded by
203:Legislature
107:(1946–1954)
5852:Categories
5827:Madagascar
5736:Saint Paul
5568:Martinique
5563:Guadeloupe
5318:Pondichéry
5029:Madagascar
4901:Mauritania
4693:Linlithgow
4633:Chelmsford
4623:Cornwallis
4535:Tatya Tope
4405:Nana Saheb
4310:K. Kamaraj
4260:Dhan Singh
4175:Bakht Khan
3827:Arya Samaj
3761:Quit India
3711:Salt March
3570:Events and
3546:Satyagraha
3287:0820416762
2929:renounced.
2737:References
2489:2 May 1961
2368:See also:
1533:Pondichéry
1466:Puducherry
1190:Pondichéry
960:Pondichéry
896:Madagascar
743:See also:
739:Background
731:Pondichéry
686:Pondichéry
654:(English:
273:Population
152:Government
116:Pondichéry
5833:Mauritius
5692: (
5102:Louisiana
4983:Cameroons
4668:Wellesley
4653:Dalhousie
4515:Surya Sen
4410:P. Kakkan
4370:Mir Qasim
4345:M. N. Roy
4280:Har Dayal
4113:activists
3942:Baba Amte
3932:Ayyankali
3910:reformers
3832:Azad Hind
3572:movements
3551:Socialism
3259:ignored (
3249:cite book
3213:ignored (
3203:cite book
3153:ignored (
3143:cite book
3107:ignored (
3097:cite book
2360:in 1954.
1780:Governors
1709:Hyder Ali
1133:Kozhikode
1086:Hyderabad
1082:Cuddalore
1032:Hyderabad
837:factories
780:Colonial
668:factories
658:), was a
594:1721–1949
584:1824–1948
574:1858–1947
564:1797–1813
554:1757–1858
544:1600–1757
511:1628–1633
501:1434–1833
468:1668–1954
458:1620–1869
448:1605–1825
438:1731–1813
428:1778–1785
247:transfer
137:Malayalam
129:(de jure)
57:1664–1954
5588:Overseas
5548:Overseas
5406:Damascus
5355:Vietnam
5346:Cambodia
5323:Karaikal
5140:Dominica
4935:Togoland
4698:Hastings
4658:Bentinck
3877:Jugantar
3521:Gandhism
3289:. 459pp.
2634:comptoir
2521:See also
2353:de facto
1651:factory.
1630:Balasore
1546:maganams
1458:de facto
1323:Balasore
1092:and the
1067:Calcutta
1004:Karaikal
866:Le Havre
791:View of
676:de facto
296:Currency
245:De facto
162:Governor
5821:Comoros
5578:RĂ©union
5573:Mayotte
5491:Present
5449:Vanuatu
5437:Oceania
5209:Berbice
5145:Grenada
5001:Anjouan
4993:Comoros
4945:Albreda
4918:Senegal
4886:Dahomey
4863:Tunisia
4858:Morocco
4853:Algeria
4618:Canning
4037:Periyar
3686:Bardoli
3454:Gwalior
3356:History
2832::
2691:Dupleix
1705:Suffren
1683:Dupleix
1643:Gujarat
1622:Jougdia
1594:Calicut
1577:On the
1541:Karikal
1524:On the
1470:de jure
1405:Gujarat
1251:Calicut
1206:Karikal
1105:Britain
956:Bijapur
952:qiladar
912:Persian
847:History
829:English
706:on the
698:on the
692:Karikal
670:of the
287:298,861
243:•
213:History
183:(first)
133:Bengali
112:Capital
5401:Aleppo
5369:Tonkin
5328:Yanaon
5308:Madras
5186:Tobago
5107:Canada
5097:Acadia
5011:Mohéli
4896:Guinea
4798:Former
4688:Cripps
4683:Outram
4673:Lytton
4638:Curzon
4613:Wavell
3908:Social
3561:Swaraj
3444:Second
3429:Fourth
3419:Second
3285:
3237:
3191:
3131:
3085:
3056:
3029:
2998:et al.
2871:
2826:
2310:French
2018:, 1803
2006:(1802)
1999:, 1793
1968:, 1785
1794:French
1786:French
1775:(1697)
1687:Deccan
1603:Bengal
1596:lodge.
1562:Yanaon
1468:. The
1423:Orissa
1421:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1387:Bengal
1385:
1383:
1366:Yanaon
1295:Jugdia
964:Bantam
948:Bengal
944:Mughal
782:Yanaon
751:, and
716:Bengal
216:
165:
145:Telugu
126:French
99:Status
48:French
44:
5364:Annam
5219:Inini
5160:HaĂŻti
4968:Gabon
4913:Niger
4891:Sudan
4678:Clive
4648:Minto
4643:Ripon
4628:Irwin
4062:Shahu
3449:Third
3439:First
3424:Third
3414:First
2914:[
2613:Notes
2398:Name
1649:Surat
1634:Patna
1626:Dacca
1500:subah
1478:Paris
1351:Surat
1337:Patna
1309:Dacca
1113:Tamil
1103:with
996:Yanam
940:Nawab
932:Dutch
916:Surat
862:Rouen
805:Patna
721:loges
696:Yanam
411:India
386:India
232:Surat
141:Tamil
5738:and
5351:Laos
5313:Mahé
4963:Chad
4596:more
3898:more
3497:more
3283:ISBN
3261:help
3235:ISBN
3215:help
3189:ISBN
3155:help
3129:ISBN
3109:help
3083:ISBN
3054:ISBN
3027:ISBN
2924:2022
2869:ISBN
1632:and
1592:The
1586:Mahé
1568:The
1444:The
1236:Mahé
1034:and
1000:Mahe
831:and
710:and
704:Mahé
604:1947
265:1936
260:Area
237:1664
80:Flag
2841:".
2394:No.
1995:L.
1641:In
1601:In
1476:in
1464:of
1065:in
872:by
714:in
5854::
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3307:,
3253::
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3247:{{
3207::
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1800:).
1796::
1788::
1689:,
1645:,
1628:,
1624:,
1620:,
1605:,
1581:,
1557:,
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1131:,
970:.
898:.
747:,
702:,
694:,
690:,
5698:)
5517:e
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3091:.
3062:.
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2899:.
2878:.
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2497:5
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