908:. These are northern people who share a similar language, culture and customs, who now make up c. 24% and 6% respectively of modern Ethiopia. Tewodros II reunified Northern Ethiopia from 1855, while his successor Yohannes IV embarked on a series of brutal military campaigns between 1880–1889 to conquer and annex the southern and eastern regions, namely western Oromo, Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta and other groups, leading largely to the current national borders.
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and progressively encouraged privatization of government companies, farms, lands, and investments. This socioeconomic and partial political liberalization within a federalist system, combined with a return of considerable foreign investment led to significant economic growth, double-digit in his last
1073:
maintained the same policies until 2018, earning
Ethiopia the status as the fastest-growing economy in Africa. While Meles introduced many social reforms, there was still a notable degree of political and media suppression, coupled with allegations of election meddling in 2005. The TPLF, drawn from
922:
The conquest involved mass killings, which would now be termed genocide, enslavement, land confiscation and forcible conversion to
Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, motivated by a cultural contempt for what were considered inferior peoples. These historical memories persist in part, aggravated even
1152:
to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment. In May 2007, the Ethiopian Federal courts received the Technology in Government in Africa (TIGA) award that is provided by Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and the Canadian e-Policy Resource Center (CePRC).
866:
and the 547-seat House of
Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
1033:. The federal structure was intended to alleviate the persistent historical ethnic tensions by establishing regional autonomy and a degree of self-rule. Article 39, Section 1 states: "Every nation, nationality and people has an unconditional right to
1237:, consists of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, other Ministers and other members as determined and approved by the House of People's Representatives. Among the ministries are the
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including the right to section." Each ethnic territory was thus given the right to secede, which was welcomed by those federally-minded but proved controversial amongst supporters of
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1229:
The president is elected by the House of People's
Representatives for a six-year term. The prime minister is designated by the party in power following legislative elections. The
1130:, and one additional representative for each one million of its population, designated by the regional councils, which may elect them themselves or through popular elections.
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are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's
Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits candidates selected by the
2804:
2504:
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981:(EPRDF), which enshrined a form of ethnic-based federalism, consisting of 11 ethno-linguistically defined regional states and 2 chartered cities. The states are:
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With regard to the legal profession, although organizations such as the
Ethiopian Lawyers' Association (formerly the Ethiopian Bar Association) and the
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today by ‘land grabs’ in the southern Oromo heartland by the ruling non-Oromo hegemony and by similar competition for land and resources between the
911:
The inhabitants of these
Southern states had different languages and customs; mostly Muslim and Pagan, but particularly the most populous group, the
541:
1069:, assumed power, which was only confirmed by elections in 2015. Under the leadership of Hailemariam, the Tigray People's Liberation Front and
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coup of 1974, replaced by an equally centralised
Marxist-Leninist system, including the continuation of the military campaigns started by
1819:
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and established independence for
Eritrea, Ethiopia formed a transitional government along federal lines which lasted until 1995. The
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1160:(EWLA) are in existence, there is no clear indication as to how demographic groups, such as women, have fared in the legal field.
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2006:
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1465:"Article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution On Secession and Self-determination: A Panacea to the Nationality Question in Africa?"
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regime, after the fall of the Derg, the federalism introduced in 1991 by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF).
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Ethiopia has always oscillated between centralisation of power, this was accelerated under the 19th century emperors
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This article is about the current government of Ethiopia. For the government of the Ethiopian Empire, see
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900:, known as "Abyssinia" and "Ze-Etiyopia" called prior to the mid-19th century, consisted mainly of the
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1977:
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915:, 34% currently, occupied valuable agricultural and developable lands which now contain the capital
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1554:"Suppressing Dissent: Human Rights Abuses and Political Repression in Ethiopia's Oromia Region"
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is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the
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1060:, was appointed as Prime Minister. His government reversed the communist policies of the
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Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America
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Following the dissolution of the Derg in 1991, by the TPLF, which ended the
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is exercised by the government. The prime minister is chosen by the
35:
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889:(1872–89). This was replicated in modern times under the Stalinist
823:
813:
592:
1404:"Genocidal violence in the making of nation and state in Ethiopia"
959:
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Emblem of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia since 1995
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1114:) with 547 members, elected for five-year terms in single-seat
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only 6% of the population, was seen as unduly favourable to
1777:
1450:"Ethiopian-Somali War over the Ogaden Region (1977–1978) •"
1408:
African Sociological Review / Revue Africaine de Sociologie
1061:
951:
890:
1521:"Ethiopia: Parliament session on Meles succession delayed"
1261:
Ethiopia is divided into 12 ethno-linguistically based
862:. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat
807:
1011:
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
1065:9 years until his sudden death in 2012. His deputy
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1389:"Ethiopia: Ethnic Federalism and Its Discontents"
979:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
2835:
1539:"Ethiopia is Africa's fastest-growing economy"
2427:
1620:
1247:Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
877:History of the federal government of Ethiopia
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1239:Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
1571:Ethiopian federal court receives TIGA award
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1256:
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1627:
1613:
1086:(27%), with ethnic clashes also involving
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1480:
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2441:
1552:Albin-Lackey, Christopher (9 May 2005).
1331:
1265:and 2 chartered cities. The states are:
1144:The president and vice president of the
854:and the two chambers of parliament. The
1343:"Regionalism and Democracy in Ethiopia"
1253:, and the Ministry of the Environment.
1249:, the Ministry of Water Resources, the
1150:Federal Judicial Administrative Council
816:. It is structured in a framework of a
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1401:
958:in 1961 against the resistance within
2415:
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1608:
1093:
1045:, especially the previously dominant
1586:Official Ethiopian Government Portal
1078:, with resentment from the majority
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1163:
1158:Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association
13:
1133:
21:Government of the Ethiopian Empire
14:
2855:
1579:
1463:Abdullahi, Ahmednasir M. (1998).
1126:) with 112 members, one for each
1108:House of People's Representatives
1052:After the 1995 general election,
712:House of People's Representatives
649:House of People's Representatives
282:House of Peoples' Representatives
2740:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2510:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1058:Tigray People's Liberation Front
560:
144:
34:
16:Administrative units of Ethiopia
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812:) is the federal government of
45:needs additional citations for
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1513:
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1100:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
844:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
622:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
555:Federal government of Ethiopia
1:
1324:
1317:, the country's capital, and
1029:, the country's capital, and
975:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
860:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
1482:10.5771/0506-7286-1998-4-440
942:was abolished following the
7:
1793:Federal Democratic Republic
1436:"Land Grabbing in Ethiopia"
1313:. The chartered cities are
1243:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1025:. The chartered cities are
808:
420:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
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1591:The Parliament of Ethiopia
1137:
1112:Yehizbtewekayoch Mekir Bet
874:
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499:Inquiry Board (Tigray War)
18:
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1968:
1959:
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1341:Young, John (June 1998).
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494:Reconciliation Commission
2495:Central African Republic
1815:War in Somalia (2006–09)
1402:Bulcha, Mekuria (2006).
1257:Administrative divisions
577:21 August 1995
383:Administrative divisions
69:"Government of Ethiopia"
1120:House of the Federation
977:was promulgated by the
489:Human Rights Commission
238:Debretsion Gebremichael
2844:Government of Ethiopia
2143:Industrial development
2057:National Defense Force
1798:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1421:10.4314/asr.v9i2.23257
1359:10.1080/01436599814415
966:invasion of 1977/78.
850:is vested in both the
790:government of Ethiopia
436:Diplomatic missions of
25:Government of the Derg
2655:São Tomé and Príncipe
2515:Republic of the Congo
1837:Territorial evolution
1732:Italo-Ethiopian wars
1347:Third World Quarterly
1146:Federal Supreme Court
1140:Judiciary of Ethiopia
1124:Yefedereshn Mekir Bet
1039:Ethiopian nationalism
773:Federal Supreme Court
300:Federal Supreme Court
2442:Government of Africa
2366:World Heritage Sites
2303:Water and sanitation
1728:Menelik's Expansions
1231:Council of Ministers
1169:Main office-holders
1067:Hailemariam Desalegn
944:Ethiopian Revolution
690:Council of Ministers
257:Council of Ministers
137:Politics of Ethiopia
54:improve this article
23:. For the Derg, see
2730:States with limited
1596:Ethiopia Government
1391:. 4 September 2009.
1311:South West Ethiopia
1233:, according to the
1170:
1023:South West Ethiopia
971:Ethiopian Civil War
864:House of Federation
809:Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst
744: /
639:House of Federation
556:
277:House of Federation
2163:Telecommunications
2077:Army of the Empire
1758:Italian occupation
1713:Ethiopian–Adal War
1671:Kingdom of Wolaita
1558:Human Rights Watch
1251:Ministry of Health
1168:
1094:Legislative branch
1056:, chairman of the
1035:self-determination
896:Historically, the
832:head of government
748:9.0311°N 38.7639°E
613:Legislative branch
554:
2831:
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2757:other territories
2530:Equatorial Guinea
2409:
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2273:Human trafficking
2186:
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2092:
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2034:Foreign relations
2024:Political parties
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1808:2018 peace summit
1698:Solomonic dynasty
1527:. 22 August 2012.
1275:Benishangul/Gumaz
1235:1995 constitution
1227:
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1088:Ethiopian Somalis
991:Benishangul-Gumuz
929:Ethiopian Somalis
848:legislative power
806:
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635:Agegnehu Teshager
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453:Visa requirements
413:Foreign relations
367:Political parties
319:Recent elections
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2817:(United Kingdom)
2813:Tristan da Cunha
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2072:Military history
1966:
1965:
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1773:1974 coup d'état
1718:Gondarine period
1708:Kingdom of Kaffa
1676:Ethiopian Empire
1666:Kingdom of Aksum
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1219:Prosperity Party
1203:24 October 2018
1194:Sahle-Work Zewde
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1164:Executive branch
936:Ethiopian Empire
934:The centralised
898:Ethiopian Empire
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669:Executive branch
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1723:Zemene Mesafint
1661:Kingdom of Dʿmt
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1134:Judicial branch
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764:Judicial branch
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2002:Prime Minister
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2805:Saint Helena
2776:
2680:South Africa
2670:Sierra Leone
2544:
2475:Burkina Faso
2261:Human rights
2214:Demographics
2204:Architecture
2173:Trade unions
1984:
1973:Constitution
1763:World War II
1691:regnal lists
1566:
1557:
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1123:
1111:
1097:
1054:Meles Zenawi
1051:
968:
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798:የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት
789:
787:
718:Headquarters
708:Appointed by
484:Human rights
248:Muktar Kedir
210:
174:Constitution
162:Constitution
116:
110:January 2013
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2732:recognition
2685:South Sudan
2575:Ivory Coast
2148:Land reform
2138:Foreign aid
2110:Agriculture
2039:Foreign aid
1888:Earthquakes
1753:World War I
1656:Prehistoric
1414:(2): 1–54.
1315:Addis Ababa
1199:Independent
1128:nationality
1027:Addis Ababa
917:Addis Ababa
887:Yohannes IV
883:Tewodros II
782:Addis Ababa
751: /
727:Addis Ababa
663:Addis Ababa
618:Legislature
466:Foreign aid
458:Visa policy
440:in Ethiopia
270:Legislature
2787:(Portugal)
2745:Somaliland
2665:Seychelles
2630:Mozambique
2615:Mauritania
2600:Madagascar
2555:The Gambia
2490:Cape Verde
2341:Literature
2244:Healthcare
2122:(currency)
2019:Parliament
1985:Government
1825:Tigray war
1788:Ogaden War
1768:Revolution
1325:References
1214:Abiy Ahmed
1118:; and the
1082:(34%) and
852:government
846:. Federal
739:38°45′50″E
680:Abiy Ahmed
581:1995-08-21
424:Minister:
228:Abiy Ahmed
165:Presidency
80:newspapers
2620:Mauritius
2278:Languages
2219:Education
2178:Transport
2128:Companies
2067:Air Force
2029:Elections
1990:President
1921:Governors
1883:Volcanoes
1868:Mountains
1847:Geography
1783:Civil War
1507:127578424
1491:0506-7286
1367:0143-6597
1319:Dire Dawa
1189:President
1076:Tigrayans
1031:Dire Dawa
906:Tigrayans
856:judiciary
803:romanized
736:9°01′52″N
723:Arat Kilo
697:President
686:Main body
574:Formation
400:Districts
313:Elections
294:Judiciary
211:Executive
186:President
2838:Category
2811: /
2807: /
2800:(France)
2794: /
2772: /
2768: /
2720:Zimbabwe
2695:Tanzania
2545:Ethiopia
2540:Eswatini
2520:Djibouti
2485:Cameroon
2470:Botswana
2401:Category
2356:Religion
2293:Polygamy
2249:Maternal
2158:Taxation
2049:Military
1961:Politics
1640:articles
1636:Ethiopia
1525:BBC News
1499:43110295
1104:chambers
1102:has two
1043:diaspora
1041:and its
948:Mengistu
824:republic
814:Ethiopia
593:Ethiopia
448:Passport
233:Deputies
2796:Réunion
2792:Mayotte
2783:Madeira
2778:(Spain)
2774:Melilla
2705:Tunisia
2675:Somalia
2660:Senegal
2645:Nigeria
2635:Namibia
2625:Morocco
2590:Liberia
2585:Lesotho
2535:Eritrea
2505:Comoros
2480:Burundi
2455:Algeria
2385:Outline
2331:Cuisine
2318:Culture
2254:Women's
2229:Famines
2192:Society
2168:Tourism
2098:Economy
2014:Council
1978:history
1933:Woredas
1916:Regions
1860:Geology
1736:1887–89
1681:Emperor
1648:History
1375:3993156
1279:Gambela
1174:Office
995:Gambela
960:Eritrea
871:History
842:of the
830:is the
818:federal
805::
794:Amharic
628:Speaker
599:Website
589:Country
579: (
390:Regions
179:History
94:scholar
2815:
2798:
2785:
2715:Zambia
2710:Uganda
2650:Rwanda
2605:Malawi
2565:Guinea
2460:Angola
2361:Sports
2288:People
2239:Health
2133:Energy
1943:Kebele
1938:Cities
1873:Rivers
1746:Second
1638:
1600:Curlie
1505:
1497:
1489:
1373:
1365:
1307:Sidama
1303:Tigray
1291:Somali
1287:Oromia
1283:Harari
1271:Amhara
1245:, the
1241:, the
1183:Since
1180:Party
1106:: the
1090:(6%).
1084:Amhara
1080:Oromos
1047:Amhara
1021:; and
1019:Sidama
1015:Tigray
1009:; the
1007:Somali
1003:Oromia
999:Harari
987:Amhara
964:Ogaden
946:, the
938:under
925:Amhara
913:Oromos
902:Amhara
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2770:Ceuta
2690:Sudan
2640:Niger
2595:Libya
2580:Kenya
2560:Ghana
2550:Gabon
2525:Egypt
2465:Benin
2392:Index
2351:Music
2346:Media
2308:Women
2120:Birr
2115:Banks
1928:Zones
1898:Fauna
1893:Flora
1878:Lakes
1741:First
1503:S2CID
1495:JSTOR
1371:JSTOR
1177:Name
1071:EPRDF
769:Court
395:Zones
101:JSTOR
87:books
2700:Togo
2610:Mali
2500:Chad
2335:wine
2266:LGBT
2234:Flag
2082:Navy
2007:list
1995:list
1778:Derg
1686:list
1487:ISSN
1363:ISSN
1267:Afar
1098:The
1062:Derg
983:Afar
952:Derg
927:and
904:and
891:Derg
788:The
779:Seat
362:NEBE
349:2021
344:2015
332:2018
327:2013
222:List
190:List
73:news
2326:Art
1598:at
1477:doi
1416:doi
1355:doi
56:by
2840::
1556:.
1523:.
1501:.
1493:.
1485:.
1473:31
1471:.
1467:.
1410:.
1406:.
1369:.
1361:.
1351:19
1349:.
1345:.
1333:^
1321:.
1309:;
1305:;
1301:;
1297:;
1293:;
1289:;
1285:;
1281:;
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1273:,
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834:.
800:,
796::
725:,
438:/
224:)
192:)
2435:e
2428:t
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27:.
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