32:
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is the upper house of
Congress. Senators are elected for a term of six years; they can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. Once a bill is approved by the House of Representatives, it is passed onto the Senate. A bill must first be approved by the Senate in order to be passed
2175:
are the highest administrative division in the
Philippines, primarily used to coordinate planning and organize national services. Administrative regions are not local government units themselves but instead consist of several local government units. Meanwhile,
1159:
if the president resigns, is removed after impeachment, is permanently incapacitated, or dies. The vice president is usually, though not always, a member of the president's cabinet and may be appointed without the approval of the
Commission of Appointments.
1163:
If there is a vacancy in the position of vice president, the president will appoint any member of
Congress (usually a party member) as the new vice president. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote of the Congress.
1082:
are directly elected separately by national popular vote for a term of six years. While the vice president may be re-elected once, the president is barred from seeking re-election. The incumbent president and vice president are
1258:
representatives elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected for three consecutive terms. Each bill has to be approved by the House, after which it is sent to the Senate. Furthermore, all franchise and
1194:. The two chambers have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the President's signature. The Senate
1255:
427:
1480:. The ombudsman is assisted by six deputies: the overall deputy, the deputy for Luzon, the deputy for Visayas, the deputy for Mindanao, the deputy for the armed forces, and the special prosecutor.
1408:
The Civil
Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the Philippine government. It is responsible for strengthening employment and a conducive work environment in the
653:
648:
1267:
406:
1297:
2180:
are regions that have control over their governance, culture, and economy. The 1987 Constitution only allows for the creation of two autonomous regions, one in the
1300:, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the
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3198:
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986:
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328:
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237:
163:
3684:
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2340:
Redden, R.K. 1984. Modern Legal System
Cyclopedia – Asia Chapter 7(b) "The legal system of the Philippines" W.B. Hein, Buffalo NY
3804:
3659:
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2098:
1394:
547:
870:
3193:
3051:
2927:
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2177:
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1442:, and settling all revenues and expenditures of public funds and properties used by the government or its attached agencies.
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3250:
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1431:. It decides on all decisions surrounding election protests and contests and has the right to deputize and take control of
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31:
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1413:
719:
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for the president's signature to become a law. Only the Senate can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases.
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229:
47:
36:
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1419:
The
Commission on Elections enforces and administers all laws and regulations related to conducting elections,
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must originate from the House. The House of
Representatives also has the power to impeach certain officials.
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123:
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86:
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373:
104:
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3183:
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3002:
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1301:
938:
442:
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3504:
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3163:
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2121:
524:
245:
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3579:
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3469:
3318:
2827:
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990:
447:
388:
250:
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3584:
3564:
3449:
3439:
3203:
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437:
2192:; at present, only the latter exists, with the former remaining an administrative division.
922:) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The
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309:
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is an autonomous region located in
Mindanao. Established in 2019, the region replaced the
1311:
Other types of courts, of varying jurisdiction around the archipelago, are the following:
143:
8:
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3724:
3674:
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935:
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2221:
1424:
1305:
1112:
963:
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709:
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2080:
The dashed lines emanating from the president means that the
President only exercises
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separate from the national presidential system. Its executive branch is led by the
1456:
The three branches of the Philippine government are independently monitored by the
1271:
1235:
1127:. The president also supervises all local government units. The president may also
1018:
574:
409:
384:
207:
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3255:
2907:
2815:
2810:
2189:
1432:
1428:
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1024:
284:
133:
2329:
1435:
and state security forces to ensure the free and orderly conduct of elections.
1136:
556:
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1409:
1331:
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to assess qualifications and work integrity for employment in the sector.
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2409:
1207:
974:
923:
2378:
2201:
1420:
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1143:
any bill, the president also sets the legislative agenda for Congress.
994:
3389:
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801:
1292:
and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a
2161:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
944:
794:
684:
1123:, are appointed by the president subject to the approval of the
2229:
1472:
any government official allegedly guilty of crimes, especially
1132:
1039:
1393:
establishes three independent constitutional commissions: the
3323:
3140:
2185:
1439:
1199:
815:
808:
2228:. The region also has its own judiciary system that applies
2128:(LGUs). They are, from the highest to the lowest division:
1140:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
1250:
is the lower house of the Congress. The House consists of
1468:). The ombudsman is given the mandate to investigate and
2343:
1438:
The Commission on Audit is responsible for examining,
2306:
Exec. Order No. 1987-292 Book II Chapter 1 Section 1
66:
969:The powers of the three branches are vested by the
1119:. The heads of the departments, which make up the
2120:The Philippines has four main classes of elected
1304:of the Philippines. The sitting chief justice is
1107:is the country's chief executive, serving as the
3796:
1412:sector and overseeing the Civil Service Exam, a
1066:The Executive Branch of government comprise the
2358:"1987 Constitution of the Philippines, art. 9"
1266:The House of Representatives is headed by the
3405:
2394:
2266:
2235:
2099:
1384:
891:
2224:. Its legislative branch is the unicameral
1248:House of Representatives of the Philippines
1241:
3412:
3398:
2401:
2387:
2106:
2092:
1445:
898:
884:
2715:
20:Government of Republic of the Philippines
2408:
164:Executive departments of the Philippines
3419:
1268:Speaker of the House of Representatives
1178:The legislative power is vested in the
997:under the leadership of the president.
3797:
1308:, the 27th to serve in that position.
16:National government of the Philippines
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2382:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
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2019:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1959:
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1943:
1941:
1935:
1933:
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1509:
1507:
1202:, while the House of Representatives
1167:
1155:, the deputy chief executive, is the
2206:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
1091:, respectively, who were elected in
1490:Local government in the Philippines
1483:
1008:
13:
1414:civil service entrance examination
1277:
1234:. The current senate president is
1001:is vested in the courts, with the
14:
3816:
2320:. Retrieved on November 21, 2015.
1153:vice president of the Philippines
1146:
1139:. Aside from having the power to
298:Vice President of the Philippines
3778:
3769:
3768:
3374:
3373:
3362:
1359:Municipal Trial Courts in Cities
1290:Supreme Court of the Philippines
1288:Judicial power is vested in the
1038:
1017:
1003:Supreme Court of the Philippines
858:
480:Supreme Court of the Philippines
206:
30:
1391:Constitution of the Philippines
971:Constitution of the Philippines
230:Constitution of the Philippines
48:Constitution of the Philippines
37:Coat of arms of the Philippines
3736:British Indian Ocean Territory
2334:
2323:
2299:
1362:Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
1005:as the highest judicial body.
1:
3805:Government of the Philippines
2292:
2195:
1452:Corruption in the Philippines
985:is the upper chamber and the
977:is vested in the two-chamber
939:representative and democratic
912:government of the Philippines
2868:Business process outsourcing
2317:President of the Philippines
2208:. The region has a regional
1530:President of the Philippines
1284:Judiciary of the Philippines
1157:first in line for succession
1135:, and exercise the power of
1105:president of the Philippines
1098:
277:President of the Philippines
7:
2124:, often lumped together as
1334:(a special appellate court)
1180:Congress of the Philippines
1174:Congress of the Philippines
979:Congress of the Philippines
357:Congress of the Philippines
199:Politics of the Philippines
57:Republic of the Philippines
10:
3821:
2267:Local government officials
2236:Local legislative councils
2167:
1498:Local government hierarchy
1487:
1449:
1385:Constitutional commissions
1281:
1171:
1125:Commission on Appointments
1115:. The president heads all
539:Constitutional commissions
109:(House of Representatives)
3764:
3723:
3683:
3425:
3345:
3264:
3149:
2983:
2974:
2853:
2844:
2660:
2651:
2533:
2524:
2457:
2426:
2417:
2283:City/Municipal vice mayor
2027:
2025:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1939:
1937:
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1911:
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1901:
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1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1353:Metropolitan Trial Courts
1270:. The current speaker is
1230:The Senate is led by the
1224:Senate of the Philippines
1217:
1188:Senate of the Philippines
428:Party-list representation
184:
174:
169:
159:
149:
139:
129:
119:
114:
105:Batasang Pambansa Complex
92:
82:
77:
61:
53:
43:
29:
24:
3485:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2772:House of Representatives
2665:Administrative divisions
2277:Provincial vice governor
2242:Sangguniang Panlalawigan
2122:administrative divisions
1395:Civil Service Commission
1302:Judicial and Bar Council
1242:House of Representatives
1192:House of Representatives
1129:give executive issuances
987:House of Representatives
959:of the country within a
754:Administrative divisions
548:Civil Service Commission
399:House of Representatives
3746:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2214:regional chief minister
1465:
1458:Office of the Ombudsman
1446:Office of the Ombudsman
1399:Commission on Elections
1316:Lower Collegiate Courts
1232:President of the Senate
1210:, both of which are in
920:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas
919:
584:Commission on Elections
25:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas
3369:Philippines portal
2913:Science and technology
2248:Sangguniang Panlungsod
2138:administrative regions
2126:local government units
1375:Sharia District Courts
1356:Municipal Trial Courts
989:is the lower chamber.
951:functions as both the
865:Philippines portal
188:Supreme Court Building
3324:Sport and martial art
2740:Executive departments
2330:Philippine Government
2226:Bangsamoro Parliament
1378:Sharia Circuit Courts
1346:Regional Trial Courts
1117:executive departments
1072:executive departments
520:Regional Trial Courts
438:Bangsamoro Parliament
329:Executive departments
3660:United Arab Emirates
3189:Fashion and clothing
3030:Environmental issues
2957:Water and sanitation
2794:Regional Trial Court
2639:World Heritage Sites
2280:City/Municipal mayor
2260:Sangguniang Barangay
2244:(Provincial Council)
2210:parliamentary system
2084:on local government.
1350:First-level courts:
1327:Court of Tax Appeals
1186:, consisting of the
1078:. The president and
993:is exercised by the
505:Court of Tax Appeals
3687:limited recognition
3420:Governments of Asia
3179:Cultural properties
2945:Tourist attractions
2492:Japanese occupation
2273:Provincial governor
2256:(Municipal Council)
2082:general supervision
1427:, referendums, and
1403:Commission on Audit
1296:as its head and 14
1060:since June 30, 2022
566:Commission on Audit
134:Direct popular vote
21:
3194:Historical markers
3052:Indigenous peoples
2928:Telecommunications
2702:Political families
2543:Biosphere reserves
2262:(Barangay Council)
2222:Bangsamoro Cabinet
2218:Council of Leaders
2178:autonomous regions
2148:independent cities
1823:Independent cities
1799:Independent cities
1677:Autonomous regions
1306:Alexander Gesmundo
1298:associate justices
1182:. The Congress is
1168:Legislative branch
1113:head of government
973:in the following:
964:multi-party system
957:head of government
772:Autonomous regions
491:Alexander Gesmundo
453:Municipal councils
78:Legislative branch
19:
3792:
3791:
3729:other territories
3387:
3386:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3251:Traditional games
3086:Income inequality
3069:Human trafficking
2970:
2969:
2933:Telephone numbers
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2707:Political parties
2680:Foreign relations
2647:
2646:
2520:
2519:
2505:Marcos presidency
2496:Postcolonial era
2254:Sangguniang Bayan
2118:
2117:
2079:
2078:
1389:Article 9 of the
1054:
1033:
975:Legislative power
908:
907:
841:Foreign relations
677:Political parties
458:Barangay councils
443:Provincial boards
192:
191:
144:Malacañang Palace
110:
102:
44:Founding document
3812:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3741:Christmas Island
3427:Sovereign states
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3147:
3146:
3101:Overseas workers
3023:Higher education
2981:
2980:
2851:
2850:
2789:Court of Appeals
2745:Executive office
2713:
2712:
2658:
2657:
2531:
2530:
2472:Pre-colonial era
2424:
2423:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2362:Official Gazette
2354:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2287:Barangay captain
2157:component cities
2114:
2108:
2101:
2094:
1950:
1948:Component cities
1924:
1922:Component cities
1825:
1801:
1679:
1532:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1484:Local government
1322:Court of Appeals
1272:Martin Romualdez
1236:Francis Escudero
1049:
1042:
1028:
1021:
1009:Executive branch
900:
893:
886:
863:
862:
861:
575:Gamaliel Cordoba
525:Barangay justice
500:Court of Appeals
410:Martin Romualdez
385:Francis Escudero
336:Local government
210:
194:
193:
115:Executive branch
108:
100:
73:
70:
68:
34:
22:
18:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3760:
3728:
3719:
3700:Northern Cyprus
3686:
3679:
3421:
3418:
3388:
3383:
3363:
3361:
3333:
3260:
3229:Public holidays
3145:
3074:Sex trafficking
2966:
2832:
2750:Law enforcement
2711:
2643:
2607:Protected areas
2516:
2485:American period
2453:
2413:
2407:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2311:(July 25, 1987)
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2269:
2238:
2198:
2190:Muslim Mindanao
2188:and another in
2170:
2112:
2086:
2085:
1946:
1920:
1821:
1797:
1675:
1528:
1492:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1433:law enforcement
1387:
1286:
1280:
1278:Judicial branch
1244:
1220:
1176:
1170:
1149:
1101:
1085:Bongbong Marcos
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1025:Bongbong Marcos
1022:
1011:
991:Executive power
904:
875:
871:Other countries
859:
857:
852:
851:
850:
835:
825:
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285:Bongbong Marcos
271:
261:
260:
242:
224:
201:
170:Judicial branch
107:
103:
99:
65:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3818:
3808:
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3037:
3035:Climate change
3027:
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3025:
3015:
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3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2971:
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2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Transportation
2949:
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2937:
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2935:
2925:
2920:
2918:Stock exchange
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2612:National parks
2604:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2580:Extreme points
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:Climate change
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:Fifth Republic
2507:
2502:
2500:Third Republic
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2480:Spanish period
2474:
2469:
2463:
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2250:(City Council)
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2237:
2234:
2197:
2194:
2169:
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2159:
2153:Municipalities
2150:
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1971:
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1964:
1962:
1960:
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1956:Municipalities
1953:
1951:
1944:
1942:
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1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:Municipalities
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1488:Main article:
1485:
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1379:
1376:
1367:
1366:
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1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1340:Regular Courts
1337:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1282:Main article:
1279:
1276:
1243:
1240:
1219:
1216:
1172:Main article:
1169:
1166:
1148:
1147:Vice president
1145:
1137:eminent domain
1100:
1097:
1080:vice president
1059:
1058:
1052:Vice President
1044:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
999:Judicial power
942:constitutional
906:
905:
903:
902:
895:
888:
880:
877:
876:
874:
873:
867:
854:
853:
849:
848:
843:
837:
836:
833:Related topics
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
819:
812:
805:
791:
789:Municipalities
786:
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774:
764:
758:
757:
752:
751:
748:
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743:
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737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
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557:Karlo Nograles
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238:Charter Change
234:
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27:
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2:
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3711:
3710:South Ossetia
3708:
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3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Sign language
3317:
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3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
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3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3047:Ethnic groups
3045:
3041:
3040:Deforestation
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
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2996:
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2921:
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2916:
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2909:
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2901:
2899:
2898:National debt
2896:
2894:
2893:Fiscal policy
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
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2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Supreme Court
2782:
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2780:
2777:
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2768:
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2756:
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2609:
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2600:
2598:
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2587:
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2585:Island groups
2583:
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2573:
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2564:
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2501:
2498:
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2490:
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2478:
2477:
2476:Colonial era
2475:
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1972:
1970:
1957:
1949:
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1918:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1893:
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