557:, was often asked by Young about his wartime experiences. He began to fall ill in June 1971, weeks after Young's arrival at the company, taking several days off work with diarrhoea and severe stomach pains. His health improved after a week-long holiday, but on his return Young put a lethal dose of thallium in his afternoon tea. Egle's condition deteriorated rapidly from this point, consisting of intense back pain and numbness in his fingers and feet. He was transferred to the intensive care unit at
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of Egle's death and Hewitt's departure, Young was promoted to head storeman for a probationary period. For the next few months, his poisonings were limited to small doses of antimony in his co-worker Diana Smart's tea, usually when she annoyed him. Young wrote in his diary: "Di irritated me yesterday so I packed her off home with an attack of sickness. I only gave her something to shake her up. I now regret that I didn't give her a larger dose, capable of laying her up for a few days."
322:, Young poisoned a male relative after lacing a jar of mustard pickle with antimony. Shortly afterwards his father became seriously ill and was taken to hospital, where he was told that he was suffering from antimony poisoning and one more dose would have killed him. Young's aunt, who knew of his fascination with poisons, became suspicious, as did a science teacher who discovered several bottles of poison in his school desk. The teacher and the
671:, on 20 November 1971. Nothing incriminating was found on his person. He denied any wrongdoing, but as he was being led away his aunt overheard him ask the officers "which one is it you're doing me for?" When police searched his bedsit, they discovered a large stash of bottles containing poisons, including 434 milligrams of thallium and 32.33 grams of antimony, the latter 200 times a lethal dose. Other poisons in his possession included
293:. Before long his father suffered similar stomach cramps, debilitating him for days at a time. Soon after, his sister became sick on a couple of occasions over the summer. Shortly afterwards, Young himself fell violently ill. It even seemed as if the mystery bug had spread beyond their household: a couple of Young's school friends had similarly been repeatedly absent from school, both suffering from similar symptoms.
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Batt found the coffee Young had made for him too strong and did not drink it all. Nevertheless, Batt was admitted to hospital with stomach and chest pains, and his hair fell out. The poisoning made him suicidal. Batt ultimately recovered, but like Tilson he was also left impotent. Young apparently felt some remorse for poisoning Batt, writing in his diary: "I feel rather ashamed in my action in harming J ."
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years later, in June 1970, Broadmoor psychiatrist Edgar Udwin wrote to the Home
Secretary to recommend Young's release, announcing that he was "no longer obsessed with poisons, violence and mischief. And he is no longer a danger to others." However, Young remarked to a Broadmoor nurse: "When I get out, I'm going to kill one person for every year I've spent in this place."
842:'s recommendations in 1975, which resulted in the expansion in forensic mental health services with the development of regional (now referred to as medium) secure units in most of the health regions in England and Wales. Prior to that there had been only the high security hospitals of Broadmoor, Ashworth and
307:. Young was confronted by his father, but he claimed that Winifred had been using the family's teacups to mix shampoo. Unconvinced, Young's father searched his room but found nothing incriminating. Nevertheless, he warned his son to be more careful in future when "messing about with those bloody chemicals".
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that Young had a deep knowledge of poisons and toxicology, which prompted John
Hadland, the firm's owner, to contact the police. Investigating officers noticed that the onset of the "Bovingdon Bug" coincided with Young's arrival at the company. A background check revealed his earlier poisoning convictions.
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Due to safeguards protecting defendants, the jury could not be told of Young's previous convictions for poisoning. Young retracted his earlier confession to the police, claiming he had only made it in order to get some rest. Nevertheless, the evidence against him was strong. The prosecution called 75
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and part-time employee at
Hadland, was poisoned by Young with antimony, prompting the typical "Bovingdon Bug" symptoms. Then, on 30 October 1971, Young put three doses of thallium acetate in Biggs' tea. By the following day, Biggs had developed chest pains and had trouble walking. Within days, he was
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in his legs and pains in his testicles; earlier in the evening he had accepted a glass of water from Young. Sparkes' symptoms returned periodically over the following months. He felt so ill during a football match that he had to leave the pitch after a few minutes. Specialists were unable to pinpoint
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and photos of Nazi figures. Police also discovered a detailed diary that Young had kept, noting the doses he had administered, their effects and whether he was going to allow each person to live or die. Upon further questioning by police, Young admitted that the initials in the diary referred to his
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as a possible cause, which led to an argument with Young, who insisted that the symptoms displayed by victims pointed to this diagnosis. Intrigued by the young storeman who seemed knowledgeable about medicine, Anderson sought out Young after the meeting and quizzed him further. He quickly discovered
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During Egle's absences, Young targeted his assistant Ron Hewitt, poisoning his tea with antimony. Hewitt had already accepted a job at another company and was working his notice (Young was specifically hired as his replacement). After leaving the company, he suffered no further symptoms. As a result
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committed suicide, having become convinced that he had been poisoned by Young after reading about the case. For the previous eighteen months he had suffered from severe chest pains, which he traced back to an encounter, in a Hemel
Hempstead pub, with a young man obsessed with poisons and chemicals.
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about the issues raised by the case. He confirmed that more safeguards were to be introduced governing the release of mentally ill offenders. Henceforth, no patient at a special hospital was to be discharged without two concurring recommendations from psychiatrists. Supervision of released patients
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At the same time he was poisoning Tilson, Young also began poisoning another
Hadland employee, Jethro Batt. Batt had become friendly with Young and would give him a ride home to Hemel Hempstead. Young admitted to administering 4 g of thallium to Batt in two doses, enough to kill him. However,
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Young's new colleagues found him unpredictable; he could be surly and keep to himself, but on other days he could be more cheerful. During breaks he usually sat alone reading, invariably a book on one of his favourite subjects: war, chemistry, the Nazis or famous murderers. Young was not talkative
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In 1965, Young first applied for release from
Broadmoor. His father and sister attended the tribunal and stated that if Young was released, none of his relatives would be willing to house him; his father also insisted that his son should "never be released". Young's application was rejected. Five
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Young confessed to poisoning Egle, Biggs, Batt, Tilson and Trevor
Sparkes, and said that he deliberately used different poisons in order to confuse doctors. He also boasted of having committed the "perfect murder" by killing his stepmother, Molly Young. He spent twenty minutes explaining to the
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was to slip poison, usually antimony or thallium, into their tea or coffee. Victims would fall ill with symptoms that included vomiting, stomach pains, nausea and diarrhoea. Initially the mysterious illness was assumed to be a virus and was nicknamed the "Bovingdon Bug". Other explanations put
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in David Tilson's tea. Tilson found the tea too sweet for his liking (Young had added sugar to disguise any unusual taste from the thallium) and therefore did not drink it all. Young administered a second dose of thallium a week later. Tilson was admitted to hospital with numb legs, breathing
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Young was arrested on 23 May 1962 after returning home from school. Vials of thallium and antimony were found in his possession. When questioned by police, he confessed to poisoning his father, stepmother, sister and a school friend. Psychiatrist Dr
Christopher Fysh testified that Young had a
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On 29 June 1972, after one hour and 38 minutes of deliberation, the jury found Young guilty of two counts of murder (Egle and Biggs), two counts of attempted murder (Batt and Tilson) and two counts of administering poison with intent to injure (Smart and Hewitt). He was found not guilty of
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unless one of his favourite topics was being discussed. His duties at
Hadland included collecting drinks from the tea trolley in the corridor and bringing them to the storeroom. Each employee had their own mug, which made it easier for him to target specific individuals for poisoning.
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Young was chosen to accompany managing director
Godfrey Foster to Egle's funeral as a representative of the department Egle had managed. Foster recalled Young remarking how sad it was that "Bob should come through the terrors of Dunkirk only to fall victim to some strange virus."
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deteriorated to the point that he could not speak and had trouble breathing, and his skin began to peel off. Young expressed concern for Biggs' condition, continually telephoning Biggs' wife and the hospital directly to make enquiries. Biggs finally died on 19 November 1971.
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Obsessed with poisons from an early age, Young started poisoning the food and drink of relatives and school friends. He was caught when his teacher became suspicious and contacted the police. Young pleaded guilty to three non-fatal poisonings and, at age 14, was detained at
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The management at Hadland became so concerned about the mysterious sickness that they initiated an investigation. Meanwhile, some of Young's co-workers began to have suspicions about him. Smart noticed that Young was never affected by the bug and suggested he might be a
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and had failed "to develop a normal moral sense." He felt it was "extremely likely" that Young would re-offend and recounted a conversation in which Young said: "I am missing my antimony. I miss the power it gives me." Fysh recommended that Young be detained at
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officers the effects that thallium has on the human body. When asked why he had poisoned people who were his friends and colleagues, Young responded: "I suppose I had ceased to see them as a people - at least, a part of me had. They were simply guinea pigs."
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on all four counts of administering poison with intent to cause grievous bodily harm. Through his counsel, Young requested that he be sent to a conventional prison rather than return to Broadmoor. His request was granted and he was sentenced to
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In November 2005, a 16-year-old Japanese schoolgirl was arrested for poisoning her mother with thallium. She claimed to be fascinated by Young and kept an online blog, similar to Young's diary, recording dosage and reactions.
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remains of Bob Egle, which had not yet been scattered, were also analysed and found to contain 9 mg of thallium. The latter was the first instance of cremated ashes being used as evidence in a murder conviction.
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In November 1961, Winifred was served a cup of tea by her brother one morning but found its taste so sour she took only one mouthful before she threw it away. While on the train to work an hour later, she began to
704:, four counts of administering poison with intent to injure and four alternative counts of administering poison with intent to cause grievous bodily harm. He pleaded not guilty, which made it difficult to find a
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set in. Young seemingly showed a strong concern for Egle, repeatedly contacting the hospital for updates on his progress. Egle finally died on 7 July 1971. A post-mortem attributed Egle's death to a rare form of
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together or shared a bottle of wine in Sparkes' room. Young would later confess to poisoning Sparkes with antimony sodium tartrate. On the night of February 10, Sparkes fell violently ill, exhibiting diarrhoea,
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when he was fourteen weeks old, Young was sent to live with an uncle and aunt while his sister went to live with their grandparents. Several years later, Young's father remarried and the family were re-united.
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difficulties and chest pains. His skin was so tender he could not endure the weight of the bedsheets, and all his hair fell out. Young had a back-up plan to visit Tilson in hospital and offer him a bottle of
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from Broadmoor, but were not informed that he was a convicted poisoner and a former Broadmoor patient. Young left Slough and rented a room in Maynard Road, Hemel Hempstead, at £4 per week.
834:. Their findings were published in January 1973. Maudling also announced an inquiry to review the management of mentally ill offenders in the criminal justice system, to be chaired by
799:. As Young had no history of heart disease, it has been speculated that he either committed suicide or was murdered by prisoners or prison staff who did not feel safe around him.
362:, ruled that Young was to be detained under Section 60 of the Mental Health Act at Broadmoor. Furthermore, he was not to be released for fifteen years without the approval of the
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arranged for Young to be interviewed by a psychiatrist posing as a careers advisor, who contacted police after Young revealed his extensive knowledge of poisons and toxicology.
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of the "virus". Philip Doggett informed the management of Young's unhealthy interest in poisons. The firm's medical officer, Dr Iain Anderson, told staff that he had ruled out
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Maudling ordered a review of current procedures for releasing offenders from psychiatric hospitals. The review was to be carried out by a three-man committee headed by Sir
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Michael H. Stone, M.D. & Gary Brucato, Ph.D., The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books), pp. 479–480.
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Young pleaded guilty to three charges of poisoning his father, sister and school friend and was convicted of "malicious administration of a noxious thing to inflict
301:, had to be helped out of the station and was eventually taken to hospital, where doctors came to the conclusion that she had somehow been exposed to the poisonous
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347:, an institution for patients with mental disorders who have committed criminal offences. Dr Donald Blair, another psychiatrist, concurred with Fysh's viewpoint.
177:, where he began poisoning his colleagues, resulting in two fatalities and several critical illnesses. He was convicted on two counts of murder and two counts of
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infrared lenses, which were used in military equipment. However, no thallium was stored on site, necessitating Young obtaining his supplies of the poison from a
461:. He told the chemist that he needed it for a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Young later returned to the same chemist to purchase 25 g of thallium.
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leaves; the grounds around Broadmoor were covered with laurel bushes. However, Young's involvement was never proven and Berridge's death was officially ruled a
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convinced the chemist that he was older than he appeared. Beginning in February he began poisoning members of his family. First his stepmother Molly suffered
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Young's first victim in Bovingdon was 59-year-old Bob Egle, a storeroom manager at Hadland and Young's immediate superior. Egle, a veteran of the
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cervical disc, which was believed to have resulted from a road accident. Much later, Young told police that he poisoned her with a lethal dose of
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covering Young's victims, specifically his family and childhood friend Christopher Williams and his victims from his time working at Hadlands.
784:, finding even discussion of sexual matters not only uninteresting but also distinctly distasteful... Power and death were his aphrodisiacs and
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poisoning. Young was suspected by some staff and inmates, not least because he enjoyed explaining in detail how cyanide could be extracted from
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At age 14, Young was among the youngest-ever inmates in Broadmoor's history. Soon after his arrival, John Berridge, a fellow inmate, died of
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was unsuccessful, as the chemist refused to sell them without written authorization. Young duly returned with the required authorization on
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Soon after Young's arrival at Hadland, he started poisoning his co-workers, focusing on his immediate colleagues in the storerooms. His
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for a novel. Examination of Biggs' internal organs found thallium in his intestines, kidneys, muscles, bones and brain tissue. The
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Young was released from Broadmoor in 1971, after eight years' detention. He initially stayed with his sister and her husband in
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Young continued to read medical and toxicology textbooks, obtained from Broadmoor's library. He also continued his interest in
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chemist. On his application, Young falsely claimed that his lack of employment history was because he had suffered a
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780:, in which he discusses various serial killers, includes a chapter on Young. Brady wrote that Young "was genuinely
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481:. He befriended 34-year-old Trevor Sparkes, another resident of the hostel, and the two occasionally visited a
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1709:"Memorandum by Dr. Peter Snowden, Acting Medical Director, Mental Health Services of Salford NHS Trust"
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from a local chemist, signing the poisons register in the name "M.E. Evans"; his knowledge of poisons and
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on the evening of 1 August 1990, one month before his 43rd birthday. The cause of death was listed as
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following the death of his mother in a car accident. His employers received references as part of his
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put severe restrictions on the purchase of deadly poisons. Young's life story inspired the 1995 film
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The Young case made headlines in the United Kingdom and led to a public debate over the release of
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166:. He later took responsibility for the death of his stepmother, though this has not been proven.
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was created to restrict and control the sale of poisons after Young's court case concluded.
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willing to represent him; the trial date had to be postponed several times. Eventually, Sir
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Bowden, Paul (1996). "Graham Young (1947–90); the St Albans poisoner: his life and times".
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892:, entitled "Terrible Coldness". It was broadcast on 6 October 1993. Young was portrayed by
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On Easter Saturday, 21 April 1962, Young's stepmother died. Her death was attributed to a
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laced with more thallium. Subsequently, Tilson recovered, though he was left permanently
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266:. In 1959, Young attended John Kelly Boys' School, he started to read books on advanced
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and took to mimicking the speeches of Hitler and listening to musical compositions by
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Graham Young was born on Sunday, 7 September 1947 to Frederick and Bessie Young in
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Obsessive Poisoner: The Strange Story of Graham Young by his sister Winifred Young
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Ian Brady, with whom he shared a fascination for Nazi Germany. Brady's 2001 book,
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739:. Excerpts from Young's diary were read out in court; he claimed the diary was a
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633:, followed by the London National Hospital for Nervous Diseases (now part of the
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or stomach infection. Sparkes left Slough in April 1971 and gradually recovered.
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1217:"Storeman tells jury he did not murder two workmates or give poison to anyone".
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1462:"Life sentence on storeman who killed by poison after release from Broadmoor".
907:. He later got his wish and his likeness appeared in the exhibit near those of
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led to widespread reforms in mental health services, while the passage of the
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1929:"A Passion for Poison: Serial Killer. Poisoner. Schoolboy. by Carol Anne Lee"
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Young secured a job as assistant storekeeper at John Hadland Laboratories in
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During his trial, Young expressed his hope that his waxwork would appear in
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poisonings appeared in the British press. In April 1973, Howard Grodnow of
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the cause, variously diagnosing it as a kidney infection, bowel infection,
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1666:"Changes already introduced to tighten safeguards at special hospitals".
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witnesses to give testimony; Young himself was the only witness in his
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admitted to Hemel Hempstead General Hospital, then transferred to the
511:, near his sister's home in Hemel Hempstead. The company manufactured
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was found in a nurse's coffee and the contents of a missing packet of
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1833:"Pulverdrome: The Young Poisoner's Handbook is a guide worth keeping"
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report did not list poison as the cause of death. The judge, Justice
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1028:"Graham Young (1947–90): the St Albans poisoner: his life and times"
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1990 and his ashes were scattered on the beach on 2 September 1990.
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683:. His lodgings were also covered in Nazi paraphernalia, including
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The Murder Guide: 100 Extraordinary, Bizarre and Gruesome Murders
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co-workers ('F' was Fred Biggs, 'D' was David Tilson and so on).
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and excruciating stomach pain, which she initially dismissed as
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https://www.amazon.co.uk/Murder-Teacup-Ivo-Graham/dp/B0CVG6VDJF
1683:"Tighter procedures urged for handling psychiatric offenders".
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After being released in 1971, Young got a job in a factory in
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Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by England and Wales
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On 29 June 1972, the day Young's trial ended, Home Secretary
234:; he had an older sister, Winifred. After his mother died of
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Young was charged with two counts of murder, two counts of
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354:". He was not charged for murdering his stepmother, as her
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A Passion for Poison: Serial Killer. Poisoner. Schoolboy.
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forward were contamination of the local water supply and
1602:: Murder Casebook: Graham Young - The Teacup Poisoner -
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Young was arrested at the home of his aunt and uncle in
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https://www.imdb.com/title/tt31392084/?ref_=ext_shr_lnk
1764:"Schoolgirl blogger poisons mother in homage to killer"
1570:. Port Townsend, Washington: Feral House. p. 143.
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announced two inquiries into the issues it raised. The
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to be a personal hero. He also read extensively about
146:(7 September 1947 – 1 August 1990), also known as the
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1901:"Kray twins' paintings sell for £12,200 at auction"
1879:. Edinburgh, Scotland: A&C Black. p. 212.
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752:administering poison to Sparkes and Buck, and was
2221:Prisoners who died in England and Wales detention
1297:"Agony of the man who died from the fingers up".
469:Young attended a storekeeping training course in
2181:English prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
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635:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
2191:People convicted of murder by England and Wales
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200:offenders. Within hours of his conviction, the
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973:List of serial killers in the United Kingdom
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2206:People with antisocial personality disorder
2002:The Elements of Murder: A History of Poison
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992:"Graham Young - Poison, Death & Teacup"
882:Young was the subject of an episode of the
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457:headed notepaper and was sold 25 g of
2138:(Documentary of Young's life presented by
1877:Madame Tussaud and the History of Waxworks
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1091:"Schoolboy of 14 committed to Broadmoor".
242:Young was fascinated from an early age by
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2226:Serial killers who died in prison custody
2176:English people who died in prison custody
2126:, HC Deb 29 June 1972 vol 839 cc1673-85).
1632:"House of Commons debate on Graham Young"
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959:released a true crime documentary called
929:Young's sister wrote a book published by
849:Following Young's conviction, reports of
591:Poisoning of David Tilson and Jethro Batt
1956:http://www.bovingdon.org/village/?p=1259
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2085:Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
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1032:Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
772:While at Ashworth, Young befriended
408:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
2120:Debate in Parliament about the case
2104:Crimelibrary entry for Graham Young
1800:"Ruling on Japan poison-diary girl"
922:by Young was sold at an auction in
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13:
2171:English people convicted of murder
2161:1971 murders in the United Kingdom
1831:Pulver, Andrew (30 January 2009).
940:In 2021, Carol Ann Lee released a
879:is loosely based on Young's life.
246:and their effects, and considered
181:in 1972. Young served most of his
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1733:"CID hunt for copycat poisoner".
1713:Parliament of the United Kingdom
933:on the 18th January 1973 called
620:Fred Biggs, a 56-year-old local
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1958:" - published on July 10, 2017
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1637:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
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1496:"Eight Poisoned In Experiments"
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950:John Blake (English journalist)
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1762:Lewis, Leo (3 November 2005).
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394:were discovered in a tea urn.
273:In early 1961, Young acquired
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2110:The Young Poisoner's Handbook
1526:"Poisoner not me, says Young"
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876:The Young Poisoner's Handbook
731:and started on 19 June 1972.
595:On 8 October 1971, Young put
421:. At one point, Young grew a
215:The Young Poisoner's Handbook
154:who murdered his victims via
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369:
7:
966:
918:In 2009, a painting of the
723:. The judge was Mr Justice
719:QC led the prosecution for
465:Poisoning of Trevor Sparkes
459:antimony potassium tartrate
418:The Scourge of the Swastika
10:
2247:
1990:
1535:. 28 June 1972. p. 11
1502:Coventry Evening Telegraph
791:Young died in his cell at
1701:Mary, Elizabeth Alexandra
1505:. 19 June 1972. p. 7
823:was also to be improved.
137:
127:
117:
109:
104:
100:
92:
69:
39:
30:
23:
2049:With Malice Aforethought
2047:Lloyd, Georgina (1990),
1875:Pilbeam, Pamela (2006).
818:gave a statement in the
727:. The trial was held at
715:agreed to defend Young.
646:Investigation and arrest
572:Guillain–Barré syndrome
559:St Albans City Hospital
513:thallium bromide-iodide
493:urinary tract infection
447:John Bell & Croyden
334:disorder rather than a
2186:English serial killers
2027:The St Albans Poisoner
802:Young was cremated on
639:central nervous system
144:Graham Frederick Young
44:Graham Frederick Young
1984:" - released in 2024
1971:" - released in 2024
1057:Lane, Brian (1993) .
1026:Bowden, Paul (1996).
909:Hawley Harvey Crippen
797:myocardial infarction
729:St Albans Crown Court
657:heavy metal poisoning
222:Early life and crimes
189:, where he died of a
113:3 known and confirmed
16:English serial killer
1774:Times Newspapers Ltd
1705:Martin, Michael John
627:Whittington Hospital
616:Murder of Fred Biggs
423:toothbrush moustache
352:grievous bodily harm
2201:People from Neasden
2131:The Teacup Poisoner
1566:Brady, Ian (2001).
1061:. London, England:
873:A 1995 film called
793:HM Prison Parkhurst
187:HM Prison Parkhurst
119:Span of crimes
96:The Teacup Poisoner
2231:Thallium poisoning
1689:. 24 January 1973.
1568:The Gates of Janus
961:Murder in a Teacup
957:Amazon Prime Video
905:Chamber of Horrors
869:In popular culture
838:. This led to the
832:Recorder of London
778:The Gates of Janus
608:by the poisoning.
555:Dunkirk evacuation
549:Murder of Bob Egle
341:Broadmoor Hospital
202:British government
164:Broadmoor Hospital
2070:978-1-63388-532-5
2058:978-0-553-40273-5
1556:, p. 283–284
1532:Newcastle Journal
1072:978-1-85487-083-4
816:Reginald Maudling
763:Ashworth Hospital
759:life imprisonment
521:nervous breakdown
360:Melford Stevenson
304:Atropa belladonna
150:, was an English
141:
140:
2238:
2100:
2061:
2051:, Bantam Press,
2043:
2018:
1985:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1897:
1891:
1890:
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1854:
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1851:
1849:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1780:on 15 March 2007
1776:. Archived from
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1707:(20 June 2000).
1697:
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1528:
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1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1498:
1491:
1485:
1484:, p. 359–60
1479:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1435:, p. 280-81
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1411:, p. 275-77
1406:
1400:
1394:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:, p. 354–55
1350:
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1338:
1329:
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1177:
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1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1023:
996:
995:
988:
863:Poisons Act 1972
840:Butler Committee
820:House of Commons
702:attempted murder
696:Trial and prison
597:thallium acetate
488:pins and needles
473:and stayed at a
210:1972 Poisons Act
206:Butler Committee
179:attempted murder
93:Other names
76:
54:7 September 1947
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2146:
2145:
2097:10.1002/cbm.132
2079:
2059:
2041:
2023:Holden, Anthony
2016:
1993:
1988:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1927:
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1922:
1912:
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1744:
1732:
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1727:
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1715:
1698:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1672:. 30 June 1972.
1665:
1664:
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1643:
1641:
1630:
1629:
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1618:
1614:
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1536:
1523:
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1493:
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1473:
1468:. 30 June 1972.
1461:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1388:
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1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1303:. 21 June 1972.
1296:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1223:. 27 June 1972.
1216:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1152:, p. 64-65
1148:
1144:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1065:. p. 191.
1055:
1051:
1044:10.1002/cbm.132
1024:
999:
990:
989:
985:
981:
969:
901:Madame Tussauds
871:
812:
698:
648:
618:
593:
584:
551:
501:
467:
455:Bedford College
443:Hemel Hempstead
439:
372:
291:bilious attacks
224:
148:Teacup Poisoner
120:
88:
78:
74:
65:
55:
49:
47:
46:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2244:
2234:
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2213:
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2198:
2193:
2188:
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2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2144:
2143:
2127:
2117:
2106:
2101:
2078:
2077:External links
2075:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2057:
2044:
2039:
2019:
2014:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1947:
1920:
1909:. 2 March 2009
1892:
1885:
1867:
1855:
1823:
1791:
1754:
1742:
1739:. 8 July 1972.
1725:
1711:. London, UK:
1692:
1675:
1651:
1640:. 29 June 1972
1623:
1612:
1592:
1583:
1577:978-1627310109
1576:
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1166:
1154:
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1127:
1115:
1100:
1097:. 6 July 1962.
1078:
1071:
1049:
997:
994:. 21 May 2021.
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
968:
965:
870:
867:
811:
808:
786:raisons d’être
774:Moors murderer
697:
694:
647:
644:
617:
614:
592:
589:
583:
580:
550:
547:
537:modus operandi
525:rehabilitation
500:
497:
466:
463:
451:Wigmore Street
438:
435:
427:Richard Wagner
403:William Shirer
371:
368:
364:Home Secretary
336:mental illness
252:William Palmer
223:
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77:(aged 42)
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43:
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36:
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24:
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2140:Fred Dinenage
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2040:9780552144087
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2017:
2015:9780191517358
2011:
2007:
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1886:9781852855116
1882:
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1871:
1865:, p. 188
1864:
1863:Holden (1995)
1859:
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1807:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1779:
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1752:, p. 174
1751:
1750:Holden (1995)
1746:
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1621:
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1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:Fred Dinenage
1596:
1590:Brady, p. 141
1587:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1482:Emsley (2005)
1478:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1447:, p. 283
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1423:, p. 279
1422:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1399:, p. 357
1398:
1397:Emsley (2005)
1393:
1391:
1384:, p. 359
1383:
1382:Emsley (2005)
1378:
1376:
1374:
1367:, p. 111
1366:
1365:Holden (1995)
1361:
1354:
1353:Emsley (2005)
1349:
1343:, p. 360
1342:
1341:Emsley (2005)
1337:
1335:
1328:, p. 354
1327:
1326:Emsley (2005)
1322:
1316:, p. 353
1315:
1314:Emsley (2005)
1310:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1287:, p. 264
1286:
1281:
1279:
1272:, p. 101
1271:
1270:Holden (1995)
1266:
1260:, p. 271
1259:
1254:
1248:, p. 260
1247:
1242:
1236:, p. 257
1235:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1207:, p. 349
1206:
1205:Emsley (2005)
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:Holden (1995)
1182:
1175:
1174:Holden (1995)
1170:
1163:
1162:Holden (1995)
1158:
1151:
1150:Holden (1995)
1146:
1139:
1138:Holden (1995)
1134:
1132:
1125:, p. 347
1124:
1123:Emsley (2005)
1119:
1112:
1111:Holden (1995)
1107:
1105:
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948:published by
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749:
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718:
714:
711:
710:Arthur Irvine
707:
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579:
575:
573:
569:
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560:
556:
546:
544:
543:radioactivity
539:
538:
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:Hertfordshire
506:
496:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
183:life sentence
180:
176:
175:Hertfordshire
172:
167:
165:
159:
157:
153:
152:serial killer
149:
145:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
116:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:, England, UK
86:
85:Isle of Wight
82:
81:HMP Parkhurst
73:1 August 1990
72:
68:
64:, England, UK
63:
59:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2130:
2109:
2088:
2084:
2048:
2026:
2001:
1998:Emsley, John
1976:
1963:
1950:
1940:11 September
1938:. Retrieved
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1906:The Guardian
1904:
1895:
1876:
1870:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1838:The Guardian
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1812:. 1 May 2006
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:the original
1767:
1757:
1745:
1736:Daily Mirror
1734:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1695:
1684:
1678:
1667:
1642:. Retrieved
1635:
1626:
1615:
1595:
1586:
1567:
1561:
1554:Lloyd (1990)
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1530:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1500:
1489:
1463:
1445:Lloyd (1990)
1440:
1433:Lloyd (1990)
1428:
1421:Lloyd (1990)
1416:
1409:Lloyd (1990)
1404:
1360:
1348:
1321:
1309:
1300:Daily Mirror
1298:
1292:
1285:Lloyd (1990)
1265:
1258:Lloyd (1990)
1253:
1246:Lloyd (1990)
1241:
1234:Lloyd (1990)
1229:
1218:
1212:
1188:, p. 74
1181:
1176:, p. 72
1169:
1164:, p. 65
1157:
1145:
1140:, p. 59
1118:
1113:, p. 54
1092:
1058:
1052:
1035:
1031:
986:
960:
954:
945:
944:book titled
939:
934:
928:
926:for £2,700.
917:
898:
887:
881:
874:
872:
860:
848:
828:Carl Aarvold
825:
813:
801:
790:
785:
777:
771:
750:
733:
717:John Leonard
699:
690:
662:
649:
631:North London
619:
610:
594:
585:
576:
568:polyneuritis
552:
535:
533:
529:
502:
468:
440:
437:Later crimes
431:
416:
413:Lord Russell
406:
396:
373:
349:
332:psychopathic
328:
309:
302:
295:
272:
264:Nazi Germany
260:Adolf Hitler
241:
236:tuberculosis
225:
213:
198:mentally ill
195:
191:heart attack
168:
160:
147:
143:
142:
75:(1990-08-01)
25:Graham Young
18:
2166:1990 deaths
2156:1947 births
2031:Corgi Books
1718:28 February
931:Robert Hale
894:Mark Womack
889:Crime Story
836:Lord Butler
299:hallucinate
256:black magic
2150:Categories
2006:OUP Oxford
1772:. London:
979:References
942:true crime
920:Kray twins
913:John Haigh
622:councillor
477:in nearby
401:, reading
392:sugar soap
324:headmaster
268:toxicology
50:1947-09-07
2211:Poisoners
2091:: 17–24.
1934:Goodreads
1769:The Times
1686:The Times
1669:The Times
1465:The Times
1220:The Times
1094:The Times
1038:: 17–24.
955:In 2024,
810:Aftermath
804:15 August
754:acquitted
721:the Crown
706:barrister
685:swastikas
681:digitalis
677:aconitine
665:Sheerness
570:known as
563:paralysis
505:Bovingdon
499:Bovingdon
479:Cippenham
386:. Later,
370:Broadmoor
345:Berkshire
318:. At her
312:prolapsed
287:diarrhoea
279:chemistry
250:poisoner
248:Victorian
232:Middlesex
193:in 1990.
171:Bovingdon
123:1961–1971
62:Middlesex
2025:(1995),
2000:(2005),
1805:BBC News
1063:Robinson
967:See also
745:cremated
725:Eveleigh
673:atropine
606:impotent
561:, where
316:thallium
283:vomiting
275:antimony
2124:Hansard
1991:Sources
1848:19 July
1644:13 July
1539:30 June
1509:30 June
924:Andover
886:series
851:copycat
844:Rampton
782:asexual
767:Maghull
741:fantasy
737:defence
653:carrier
637:). His
384:suicide
376:cyanide
356:autopsy
244:poisons
228:Neasden
132:England
128:Country
110:Victims
105:Details
58:Neasden
2068:
2055:
2037:
2012:
1913:9 July
1883:
1610:- 2011
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