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176:, to a family with 17 children. His father was 72 years old when Graham was born and his mother was mentally ill. His father died when Graham was two, and he spent his childhood moving from one relative's home to another. One of his relatives ran a tavern where Graham was put to work. His experience with drunkenness there led him to hate alcohol his whole life and forswear drinking, which made him an exception among his peers at the time.
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As a skilled and fiery preacher, his peculiar message, combining patriotism, theology, diet, lifestyle, and messages already prevalent from the temperance movement, captured the attention of the frightened public and outraged bakers and butchers, as well as the medical establishment. When the cholera
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From these views, Graham created a theology and diet aimed at keeping individuals, families, and society pure and healthy – drinking pure water and eating a vegetarian diet anchored by bread made at home from flour coarsely ground at home so that it remained wholesome and natural, containing no added
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Like other members of the temperance movement, Graham viewed physical pleasure and especially sexual stimulation with suspicion, as things that excited lust leading to behavior that harmed individuals, families, and societies. Graham was strongly influenced by the Bible and
Christian theology in his
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Grahamite boarding-houses were established in the 1830s. The
Grahamites applied dietetic and hygienic principles to everyday life including cold baths, hard mattresses, open windows, a vegetarian diet with Graham bread and drinking cold water. Animal flesh was banned from Grahamite homes but eggs
375:
Laura J. Miller commented that the
Society was "the most visible association promoting natural foods principles until the American Vegetarian Society was founded in 1850". Many of the APS members suffered from chronic disease and became vegetarian. It has been described as "likely the first
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The
Philadelphia Temperance Society was led not by ministers, as most other temperance societies were, but by doctors who were primarily concerned with the health effects of consuming alcohol. Moving in that company, Graham may have met two of the other fathers of American vegetarianism:
391:. It was "designed to illustrate by facts, and sustain by reason and principles the science of human life as taught by Sylvester Graham". It was edited by Campbell, Secretary of the APR (1837–1839) and five volumes were published. In 1840, the journal merged with the
234:, a Philadelphia doctor who wrote extensively about vegetarianism and wrote the first American vegetarian cookbook. Graham taught himself about physiology and apparently arrived at his own conclusion that meat was just as much an expression of and spur to
289:. The emphasis on milling and baking at home was part of his vision of America in which women remained at home and nursed their families into health and maintained them there, as his wife had done for him.
304:, published in 1834, contributed to the masturbation scare in antebellum America. He believed youthful masturbation was dangerous to children's health because of the immaturity of their reproductive organs.
217:
was breaking in Europe, and
Americans were terrified that it would reach the United States. Accepted medical opinion was that the best way to prevent contracting cholera was to eat plenty of meat, drink
261:. Wheat flour at that time was often doctored to hide odors from spoilage, to extend it, and to whiten it, and bread was made from very finely ground flour (which Graham viewed as "tortured") and
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249:, published in Philadelphia in 1826, that claimed what people ate had enormous influence on their health. Graham's interest was also captured by the books written by the German chemist,
316:, as a selection of its American Antiquarian Cookbook Collection. His lectures in New York and Boston that year were thronged; the Boston lecture was disrupted by a threat of riots by
183:
in his late 20s to become a minister, as his father and grandfather had been. He withdrew from school a year later, because his histrionic manner was scorned by his fellow students.
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He was often sick, and missed a great deal of schooling. He worked as a farmhand, cleaner, and teacher before deciding on the ministry as an antidote for his poor health. He entered
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to promote
Grahamism. Alcott was first President of the Society. After a year, the Society was reported to have had 251 members, including 93 women. It lasted just three years.
285:
spices or other "stimulants" and a rigorous lifestyle that included sleeping on hard beds and avoiding warm baths. The regimen has been described as an early example of
281:. He urged people to remain calm, and not allow worry or lust to shake them from living rightly – perhaps one of the first people to claim that stress causes disease.
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430:. Trall wrote that before his death Graham regretted this decision and "fully and verily believed in the theory of vegetable diet as explained in his works".
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3 (#22): 355. "We barely gave notice in our last that the Graham
Journal and Library of Health were to be united in one, after the first of January, 1840."
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epidemic reached New York in 1832, people who had followed his advice appeared to thrive, and his fame exploded. He published his first book in 1837,
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426:
Russell Trall, who had visited Graham, noted that he had strayed from a strict vegetarian diet and was prescribed meat by his doctor to increase his
340:. He neither invented nor endorsed any specific product, nor did he receive any money from their sale. Graham influenced other Americans including
423:
has written that Graham died "after violating his own strictures by taking liquor and meat in a last desperate attempt to recover his health".
407:, and Graham founded the American Vegetarian Society in New York City, modeled on a similar organization established in Great Britain in 1847.
433:
After his death, vegetarians distanced themselves from
Grahamism. However, his vegetarian message was disseminated far into the 20th century.
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1977:
194:. There, he met and married Sara Earl, who had nursed him back to health. He studied theology privately, and in 1828 began working as an
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465:(Boston, 1839), of which several editions of the two-volume work were printed in the United States and sales in England were widespread
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In 1830, Graham accepted a position at the
Philadelphia Temperance Society. He left six months later to focus on preaching health.
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Tarnished Idol: William Thomas Green Morton and the
Introduction of Surgical Anesthesia: A Chronicle of the Ether Controversy
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American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History
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As his fame spread, "Grahamism" became a movement, and people inspired by his preaching began to develop and market
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Graham believed that adhering to such diet would prevent people from having impure thoughts and in turn would stop
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of 1887, see J. W. Lazar, "American neurophysiology and two nineteenth-century American Physiological Societies",
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Graham died of complications after receiving opium enemas, as directed by his doctor, at the age of 57 at home in
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as alcohol was, that they corrupted both the body and soul of individuals and harmed families and society.
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Eros and Modernization: Sylvester Graham, Health Reform, and the Origins of Victorian Sexuality in America
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A lecture to young men on chastity: intended also for the serious consideration of parents and guardians
312:, which included a history of bread and described how to make Graham bread. It was reprinted in 2012 by
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products. Graham is often referred to as the "Father of Vegetarianism" in the United States of America.
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515:, the farmer, journalist, abolitionist, and doctor who invented the first manufactured breakfast cereal
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84:
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Shryock, Richard H. (January 1, 1931). "Sylvester Graham and the Popular Health Movement, 1830–1870".
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257:, in which he denounced the use of chemical additives in food and especially in bread, and
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exclusively vegetarian organization in the United States". It was also the first American
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were allowed to be eaten at breakfast and were an important component of Grahamite diets.
8:
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The Vitamin Pushers: How the "Health Food" Industry Is Selling Americans a Bill of Goods
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Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform
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Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform
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A History of Oberlin College: From its Foundation Through the Civil War Volume 1
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A lecture on epidemic diseases generally: and particularly the spasmodic cholera
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230:, an English minister who established a vegetarian church in Philadelphia, and
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own idiosyncratic way. He believed that people should eat only plants, like
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The Vegetarian Crusade: The Rise of an American Reform Movement, 1817–1921
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The Vegetarian Crusade: The Rise of an American Reform Movement, 1817–1921
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The Vegetarian Crusade: The Rise of an American Reform Movement, 1817–1921
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419:. His early death was the source of criticism and speculation. Historian
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1231:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 318.
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Building Nature's Market: The Business and Politics of Natural Foods
744:
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705:
Eating history: 30 turning points in the making of American cuisine
437:
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1071:"From Pythagorean to Pescatarian – The Evolution of Vegetarianism"
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1771:
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Tompkins, K. W. (2009). "Sylvester Graham's Imperial Dietetics".
317:
213:
Graham's appointment and conversion to vegetarianism came as the
997:
Note: David Cambell has also been referred to as David Campbell.
2994:
2022:
1855:
1835:
1749:
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27:
American Presbyterian minister and dietary reformer (1794–1851)
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Presbyterian Church in the United States of America ministers
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954:
Nature's Path: A History of Naturopathic Healing in America
152:, and eating whole-grain bread. His preaching inspired the
2220:
An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty
1239:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1999).
1214:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, (2004).
255:
Treatise on Adulteration of Foods, and Culinary Poisons
1143:
Terrors of the Table: The Curious History of Nutrition
808:
Terrors of the Table: The Curious History of Nutrition
782:
780:
778:
259:
Treatise on the Art of Making Good and Wholesome Bread
2252:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
1250:, ProQuest Historical Newspapers, September 19, 2006)
911:
Racial Indigestion: Eating Bodies in the 19th Century
1212:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and drink in America
368:
founded the American Physiological Society (APS) in
133:(July 5, 1794 – September 11, 1851) was an American
775:
436:Food historians cite Graham as one of the earliest
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
448:Of his numerous publications, the best known are:
1102:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 73–76.
790:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 27–30.
359:
4142:
905:
903:
1264:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, (1983).
1167:The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink
1137:
1135:
1085:
859:
857:
855:
853:
830:"An American "Physiological" Society Of 1837".
764:
762:
1329:
586:
544:, the later whole grain American bread company
398:
380:organization. A notable member of the APS was
1978:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
1315:
1246:; September 18, 1851; page 2. (Accessed from
1027:. University of North Carolina Press. p. 37.
900:
1132:
850:
759:
1185:Barrett, Stephen; Herbert, Victor. (1994).
770:Attitudes toward Sex in Antebellum America,
1322:
1308:
1237:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
1012:The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity
863:Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael. (2004).
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
582:
580:
578:
389:The Graham Journal of Health and Longevity
387:In 1837, Graham and David Cambell founded
198:at the Bound Brook Presbyterian Church in
47:
2516:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows
2340:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian
956:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 30.
726:
724:
698:
696:
694:
587:Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004).
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
364:In 1837, Colonel John Benson, Graham and
296:, thought by Graham to be a catalyst for
2166:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association
1217:
1145:. Oxford University Press. pp. 192–197.
733:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
622:
2753:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment
730:
707:. New York: Columbia University Press.
605:
14:
4143:
2191:List of vegetarian and vegan companies
933:. University of Chicago Press. p. 34.
889:Journal of the History of Neuroscience
721:
555:
241:His belief was influenced by the book
2308:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses
1968:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme
1303:
825:
823:
702:
671:
463:Lectures on the Science of Human Life
384:, who gave health lectures to women.
4166:American health and wellness writers
3919:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
3501:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1235:Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace,
1068:
913:. New York University Press. p. 88.
453:Treatise on Bread and Bread-Making (
1169:. Oxford University Press. p. 190.
810:. Oxford University Press. p. 193.
589:Vegetarian America : a history
403:In 1850, Alcott, William Metcalfe,
144:reformer known for his emphasis on
24:
2244:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food
1203:
820:
310:Treatise on Bread and Bread-Making
25:
4232:
4206:People from Suffield, Connecticut
2212:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
2106:North American Vegetarian Society
1269:
972:Fletcher, Robert Samuel. (1971).
867:. Praeger Publishing. pp. 36–37.
530:, the Swiss doctor who developed
469:Lectures to Young Men on Chastity
443:
4186:American vegetarianism activists
3934:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro
2059:Christian Vegetarian Association
1292:
768:Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz (Ed.),
247:François-Joseph-Victor Broussais
120:
4216:Pseudoscientific diet advocates
4171:American Presbyterian ministers
2468:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone
1179:
1155:
1112:
1073:. PBS Food: The History Kitchen
1069:Avey, Tori (January 28, 2014).
1062:
1037:
1017:
1000:
979:
966:
943:
923:
909:Tompkins, Kyla Wazana. (2012).
877:
838:(#4057): 757. January 1, 1938.
4066:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism
2412:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks
2151:Vegetarian Society (Singapore)
2136:Toronto Vegetarian Association
2079:International Vegetarian Union
1248:The New York Times (1851–2003)
1049:International Vegetarian Union
885:American Physiological Society
800:
651:
455:1837, and reissued in 2012 by
360:American Physiological Society
186:The expulsion caused Graham a
53:Wood engraving of Graham, 1880
13:
1:
4181:American temperance activists
4081:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
4005:Food for Thought (restaurant)
2593:Diet for a New America (film)
2372:The Benefits of Vegetarianism
2236:A Vindication of Natural Diet
2003:Vegan Prisoners Support Group
1118:Nissenbaum, Stephen. (1980).
1045:"American Vegetarian Society"
989:. Norman Publishing. p. 514.
865:Vegetarian America: A History
548:
167:
4161:19th-century American clergy
2420:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook
1640:Seventh-day Adventist Church
1098:Shprintzen, Adam D. (2013).
1023:Shprintzen, Adam D. (2013).
786:Shprintzen, Adam D. (2013).
591:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
323:
192:Little Compton, Rhode Island
7:
4050:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel
2460:The Sexual Politics of Meat
1578:Environmental vegetarianism
1433:Environmental vegetarianism
1291:(public domain audiobooks)
832:The British Medical Journal
491:
399:American Vegetarian Society
300:and early death. His piece
172:Graham was born in 1794 in
10:
4237:
4201:Opposition to masturbation
2556:Making a Stand for Animals
2332:Fifty Years of Food Reform
2074:Hare Krishna Food for Life
1988:Vegan Awareness Foundation
1122:. Greenwood Press. p. 15.
985:Wolfe, Richard J. (2001).
521:, physician who pioneered
417:Northampton, Massachusetts
215:1829–1837 cholera pandemic
190:. To recover, he moved to
85:Northampton, Massachusetts
4058:
3992:
3911:
3638:
3211:Maximilian Bircher-Benner
3128:
2822:
2809:
2763:
2649:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead
2574:
2540:The End of Animal Farming
2524:The Vegan Studies Project
2199:
2183:
2069:French Vegetarian Society
2064:European Vegetarian Union
2054:Boston Vegetarian Society
2036:
1938:
1924:
1705:
1621:
1548:
1541:
1491:
1418:
1400:Vegan organic agriculture
1348:
1341:
1285:Works by Sylvester Graham
1276:Works by Sylvester Graham
1141:Gratzer, Walter. (2005).
1006:Alcott, William. (1839).
929:Miller, Laura J. (2017).
806:Gratzer, Walter. (2005).
772:2006, See specific pages.
703:Smith, Andrew F. (2009).
657:Misiroglu, Gina. (2008).
528:Maximilian Bircher-Benner
457:Andrews McMeel Publishing
314:Andrews McMeel Publishing
205:
119:
114:
106:
92:
73:
58:
46:
34:
4221:Writers from Connecticut
3974:The Sound Lounge, London
3949:Little Pine (restaurant)
3828:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
3326:Narasinh Narayan Godbole
2500:The Bloodless Revolution
2141:Vegetarian Federal Union
1956:Food Empowerment Project
1799:List of meat substitutes
410:
4096:Plant-based action plan
3838:Satchidananda Saraswati
3683:Tabitha Brown (actress)
2492:Livestock's Long Shadow
2396:Diet for a Small Planet
2300:Shelley's Vegetarianism
2111:Order of the Golden Age
1598:Replaceability argument
1468:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
1453:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism
1358:Animal-free agriculture
1228:Encyclopædia Britannica
645:10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.50
637:10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.50
537:Popular Health Movement
350:Battle Creek Sanitarium
320:and commercial bakers.
200:Bound Brook, New Jersey
4191:Native American people
4176:American nutritionists
3471:Francis William Newman
3371:Martin Luther Holbrook
2452:Diet for a New America
2404:The Vegetarian Epicure
2292:What is Vegetarianism?
2049:Bible Christian Church
1951:Beauty Without Cruelty
1946:American Vegan Society
1428:Economic vegetarianism
243:Treatise on Physiology
3813:Isa Chandra Moskowitz
3566:Russell Thacher Trall
3531:Johan Lindström Saxon
3226:Lucius Duncan Bulkley
2532:Animal (De)liberation
2316:Why I Am a Vegetarian
1583:Ethics of eating meat
1253:Nissenbaum, Stephen,
1210:Smith, Andrew F. Ed.
1165:. In Andrew F. Smith
661:. Routledge. p. 737.
265:(used to make beer).
174:Suffield, Connecticut
66:Suffield, Connecticut
3954:Moosewood Restaurant
3803:Moosewood Collective
3718:Crescent Dragonwagon
3626:Kathleen Keen Zolber
3286:James Elmslie Duncan
3146:Bertrand P. Allinson
2380:Living the Good Life
2268:Fruits and Farinacea
2171:World Vegetarian Day
2121:ProVeg International
1509:Fictional characters
1244:New York Daily Times
976:. Arno Press. p. 319
395:, edited by Alcott.
4071:List of vegan media
4000:Cranks (restaurant)
3798:Joanne Lee Molinaro
3768:Frances Moore Lappé
3556:William O. Stephens
3551:Ernest Lester Smith
3541:Richard H. Schwartz
3526:Henry Stephens Salt
3516:Ulma Doyle Register
3446:Harry Willis Miller
3426:Alice Garrett Marsh
3381:John Harvey Kellogg
3035:James E. McWilliams
2800:The Animals' Agenda
1782:Microbial cellulose
1757:Gelatin substitutes
1720:Chicken fillet roll
1448:Lacto vegetarianism
1161:Ashraf, Hea-Ran L.
1008:The New Arrangement
513:James Caleb Jackson
346:John Harvey Kellogg
287:preventive medicine
150:temperance movement
4025:New Riverside Cafe
4015:Lentil as Anything
3993:Former restaurants
3929:Crossroads Kitchen
3853:Alicia Silverstone
3788:Hetty Lui McKinnon
3738:Carol Lee Flinders
3596:Severin Wielobycki
3301:Charles W. Forward
3156:Charles R. Attwood
2930:Caldwell Esselstyn
2436:Moosewood Cookbook
2284:The Ethics of Diet
2146:Vegetarian Society
2116:ProVeg Deutschland
1260:Sokolow, Jayme A.
1257:. Praeger, (1980).
421:Stephen Nissenbaum
196:itinerant preacher
102:, dietary reformer
77:September 11, 1851
4138:
4137:
3939:Greens Restaurant
3818:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
3688:Suzy Amis Cameron
3678:Edward Espe Brown
3673:Martha Brotherton
3634:
3633:
3571:Frederick Towgood
3536:James Scholefield
3476:R. E. O'Callaghan
3306:Michael Allen Fox
3281:Daniel Dombrowski
3186:George Bedborough
3171:Horace A. Barrows
3136:Phyllis B. Acosta
3030:John A. McDougall
2985:Avery Yale Kamila
2935:Gary L. Francione
2890:T. Colin Campbell
2840:Suzanne M. Babich
2737:The Game Changers
2681:Live and Let Live
2665:Forks Over Knives
2625:Peaceable Kingdom
2617:Post Punk Kitchen
2601:A Cow at My Table
2548:Vegetable Kingdom
2276:The Pleasure Boat
2260:Nature's Own Book
2228:Vegetable Cookery
2179:
2178:
2008:The Vegan Society
1821:Nutritional yeast
1701:
1700:
1537:
1536:
1458:Ovo vegetarianism
1405:Vegan school meal
1280:Project Gutenberg
1242:"Recent Deaths";
1223:Graham, Sylvester
1175:978-0-19-530796-2
1108:978-1-4696-0891-4
1033:978-1-4696-0891-4
962:978-1-4214-1903-9
950:Cayleff, Susan E.
939:978-0-226-50123-9
919:978-0-8147-7002-3
883:Unrelated to the
816:978-0-19-280661-1
796:978-1-4696-0891-4
667:978-0-7656-8060-0
428:blood circulation
393:Library of Health
382:Mary Gove Nichols
348:, founder of the
302:On Self-Pollution
232:William A. Alcott
188:nervous breakdown
128:
127:
16:(Redirected from
4228:
4111:Planetary health
4101:Sustainable diet
4091:Plant-based diet
4030:Nix (restaurant)
3944:Hiltl Restaurant
3888:Umberto Veronesi
3858:Hannah Sunderani
3833:Mathew Pritchard
3793:Tracye McQuirter
3703:Chloe Coscarelli
3641:cookbook authors
3586:Emil Weilshäuser
3456:Reuben D. Mussey
3436:William Metcalfe
3361:Philippe Hecquet
3276:Daniël de Clercq
3176:Geoffrey Barstow
3120:Sophie ZaĂŻkowska
3010:Thomas Lepeltier
2965:A. Breeze Harper
2920:George Dornbusch
2885:Jodey Castricano
2820:
2819:
2786:Vegetarian Times
2729:Eating You Alive
2697:PlantPure Nation
2585:The Animals Film
2428:Laurel's Kitchen
2364:A Fleshless Diet
2126:ProVeg Nederland
1936:
1935:
1881:Vegetarian bacon
1794:Meat alternative
1546:
1545:
1346:
1345:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1232:
1197:
1183:
1177:
1159:
1153:
1139:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1096:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1041:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
983:
977:
970:
964:
947:
941:
927:
921:
907:
898:
881:
875:
861:
848:
847:
827:
818:
804:
798:
784:
773:
766:
757:
756:
728:
719:
718:
700:
669:
655:
649:
648:
620:
603:
602:
584:
228:William Metcalfe
131:Sylvester Graham
124:
80:
51:
41:Sylvester Graham
32:
31:
21:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4054:
4045:The Hollow Reed
4035:Penny Cafeteria
4010:InSpiral Lounge
3988:
3907:
3848:Miyoko Schinner
3778:Linda McCartney
3773:Deborah Madison
3743:Alexis Gauthier
3658:Carleigh Bodrug
3640:
3630:
3616:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3601:Howard Williams
3481:Josiah Oldfield
3451:J. Howard Moore
3441:Eli Peck Miller
3401:W. R. C. Latson
3391:Daniel H. Kress
3331:Jeremiah Hacker
3291:Eknath Easwaran
3271:Lenna F. Cooper
3221:Ernest Bonnejoy
3181:Sidney H. Beard
3151:Thomas Allinson
3124:
3110:Corey Lee Wrenn
3105:Kim A. Williams
2875:Will Bulsiewicz
2850:Neal D. Barnard
2815:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2759:
2705:What the Health
2576:Films and shows
2570:
2476:The China Study
2348:The Meat Fetish
2203:
2201:
2195:
2175:
2094:Meatless Monday
2032:
2028:World Vegan Day
1928:
1920:
1891:Vegetarian mark
1707:
1697:
1617:
1533:
1487:
1414:
1337:
1328:
1293:
1272:
1267:
1221:, ed. (1911). "
1206:
1204:Further reading
1201:
1200:
1189:. pp. 321–322.
1184:
1180:
1160:
1156:
1140:
1133:
1117:
1113:
1097:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1022:
1018:
1005:
1001:
984:
980:
971:
967:
948:
944:
928:
924:
908:
901:
882:
878:
862:
851:
829:
828:
821:
805:
801:
785:
776:
767:
760:
745:10.2307/1893378
739:(#2): 172–183.
729:
722:
715:
701:
672:
656:
652:
621:
606:
599:
585:
556:
551:
494:
446:
413:
401:
378:natural hygiene
362:
338:graham crackers
326:
251:Friedrich Accum
208:
181:Amherst Academy
170:
88:
82:
78:
69:
63:
54:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4128:Pollotarianism
4125:
4123:Pescetarianism
4118:Flexitarianism
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Charity Morgan
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Mary McCartney
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Madhur Jaffrey
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Ellen G. White
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Elmer McCollum
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:Susan M. Levin
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Isaac Jennings
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:William Harvey
3353:
3348:
3346:Alexander Haig
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Mahatma Gandhi
3318:
3313:
3311:Peter Foxcroft
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Antonio Cocchi
3258:
3256:Henry S. Clubb
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Eduard Baltzer
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:William Alcott
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3095:Sunaura Taylor
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3040:Vesanto Melina
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3005:Maxwell G. Lee
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Michael Klaper
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Michael Greger
2957:
2955:Lewis Gompertz
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Georges Butaud
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Yves Bonnardel
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Martin Balluch
2842:
2837:
2835:Carol J. Adams
2832:
2826:
2824:
2817:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2609:Meet Your Meat
2605:
2597:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2508:Eating Animals
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2356:The New Ethics
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2089:Meat-free days
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Vegan Outreach
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Coconut burger
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Pythagoreanism
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Animal welfare
1560:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Black veganism
1360:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1271:
1270:External links
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1240:
1233:
1219:Chisholm, Hugh
1215:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1178:
1154:
1131:
1128:978-0313214158
1111:
1084:
1061:
1036:
1016:
999:
978:
965:
942:
922:
899:
876:
873:978-0275975197
849:
819:
799:
774:
758:
720:
713:
670:
650:
604:
598:978-0275975197
597:
553:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
539:
534:
525:
519:Isaac Jennings
516:
510:
505:
503:Graham cracker
500:
493:
490:
489:
488:
480:
472:
466:
460:
445:
444:Selected works
442:
412:
409:
400:
397:
366:William Alcott
361:
358:
342:Horace Greeley
325:
322:
275:Garden of Eden
207:
204:
169:
166:
162:graham cracker
126:
125:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
94:
90:
89:
83:
81:(aged 57)
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
40:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4233:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Juice fasting
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Veggie Galaxy
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
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3927:
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3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Lauren Toyota
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
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3831:
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3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3763:Mollie Katzen
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Rip Esselstyn
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Sue Donaldson
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Alan Stoddard
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:James Simpson
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Rollo Russell
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:James Rachels
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Cyril V. Pink
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:Scott Nearing
3464:
3462:
3461:Helen Nearing
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Andrew Linzey
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:William Lambe
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Walter Hadwen
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Edwin Collier
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:George Cheyne
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:J. L. Buttner
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:Richard Twine
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:David Sztybel
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:David Olivier
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Valéry Giroux
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
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2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:David Benatar
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2830:Elisa Aaltola
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:A Sacred Duty
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
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2486:
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2465:
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2457:
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2433:
2430:
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2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2414:
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2409:
2406:
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2401:
2398:
2397:
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2377:
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2369:
2366:
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2361:
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2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:Figs or Pigs?
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
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2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:(3rd century)
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Our Hen House
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1916:Veggie burger
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
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1879:
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1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Animal rights
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Organizations
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
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1484:
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1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1420:Vegetarianism
1417:
1411:
1410:Vegan studies
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:Straight edge
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Fruitarianism
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:vegetarianism
1332:
1325:
1320:
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1311:
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1302:
1290:
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1234:
1230:
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1224:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1196:
1195:0-87975-909-7
1192:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1151:0-19-280661-0
1148:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1077:September 15,
1072:
1065:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1003:
996:
995:0-930405-81-1
992:
988:
982:
975:
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946:
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936:
932:
926:
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746:
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727:
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716:
714:9780231140928
710:
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619:
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611:
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583:
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481:
479:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
454:
451:
450:
449:
441:
439:
438:food faddists
434:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
408:
406:
405:Russell Trall
396:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
373:
371:
367:
357:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
282:
280:
276:
272:
266:
264:
263:brewers yeast
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
223:
221:
216:
211:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
177:
175:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:vegetarianism
143:
139:
136:
132:
123:
118:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:Occupation(s)
91:
86:
76:
72:
67:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4040:Pink Peacock
4020:Minerva Café
3984:Veggie Grill
3969:Souley Vegan
3964:Slutty Vegan
3898:Alan Wakeman
3873:Haile Thomas
3863:Bryant Terry
3753:Richa Hingle
3748:Dick Gregory
3653:Mayim Bialik
3621:Tzachi Zamir
3576:Sidney Trist
3421:Clair Linzey
3241:Job Caudwell
3216:George Black
3161:William Axon
3115:Laura Wright
3085:Peter Singer
3080:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
3070:Emelia Quinn
3065:David Pearce
3050:David Nibert
3045:Gemma Newman
3025:Reed Mangels
3015:Howard Lyman
2940:Joel Fuhrman
2915:Alan Desmond
2900:Brenda Davis
2870:Will Bonsall
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2751:
2745:Maa Ka Doodh
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2484:Skinny Bitch
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2444:Fit for Life
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2161:Viva! Health
2156:Veggie Pride
2044:Alcott House
1983:Plamil Foods
1960:
1901:Sausage roll
1777:Konjac jelly
1730:Coconut milk
1636:Christianity
1588:Meat paradox
1573:Deep ecology
1378:Raw veganism
1342:Perspectives
1261:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1226:
1211:
1186:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1142:
1119:
1114:
1099:
1075:. Retrieved
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:
1039:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1002:
986:
981:
973:
968:
953:
945:
930:
925:
910:
892:
888:
879:
864:
835:
831:
807:
802:
787:
769:
736:
732:
704:
658:
653:
631:(1): 50–60.
628:
625:Gastronomica
624:
588:
508:Graham flour
498:Graham bread
483:
475:
468:
462:
452:
447:
440:in America.
435:
432:
425:
414:
402:
392:
388:
386:
374:
363:
354:
334:Graham bread
330:Graham flour
327:
309:
306:
301:
294:masturbation
291:
283:
271:Adam and Eve
267:
258:
254:
242:
240:
224:
212:
209:
185:
178:
171:
158:graham bread
154:graham flour
135:Presbyterian
130:
129:
97:Presbyterian
79:(1851-09-11)
62:July 5, 1794
37:The Reverend
29:
4156:1851 deaths
4151:1794 births
3912:Restaurants
3868:Anna Thomas
3843:Derek Sarno
3723:Rose Elliot
3708:Yamuna Devi
3663:Gypsy Boots
3611:W. A. Sibly
3606:Frank Wokes
3486:Dean Ornish
3386:Norman Kerr
3366:Brian Hines
3351:Edward Hare
3336:John Haddon
3316:Greta Gaard
3246:James Clark
3236:Paul Carton
3201:Ragnar Berg
3196:Robert Bell
3191:Ernest Bell
3055:Jack Norris
3000:Renan Larue
2975:Melanie Joy
2970:Oscar Horta
2945:Kristi Funk
2925:Mylan Engel
2910:Jan Deckers
2905:Garth Davis
2895:Robert Cook
2860:Steven Best
2812:activists,
2810:Academics,
2620:(2003–2005)
2388:Ten Talents
2099:Friday Fast
1826:Plant cream
1767:Carrageenan
1715:Agave syrup
1603:Sentientism
1593:Nonviolence
1529:Vegan media
1524:Restaurants
1499:Vegetarians
1473:Ecofeminism
1054:January 10,
279:natural law
18:Graham diet
4196:Orthopaths
4145:Categories
4106:Low-carbon
4086:Vegaphobia
3924:Cinnaholic
3893:Nisha Vora
3823:Gaz Oakley
3733:Toni Fiore
3698:Pinky Cole
3693:Hannah Che
3648:Nava Atlas
3506:Rod Preece
3491:Felix Ortt
3296:T. Forster
3206:Rynn Berry
3129:Vegetarian
3020:Al-Ma'arri
2816:physicians
2772:Naked Food
2689:Cowspiracy
2633:Earthlings
2564:Meat Atlas
2084:Jewish Veg
2037:Vegetarian
2013:Veganmania
1993:Vegan flag
1876:Vegetables
1851:Soy yogurt
1831:Plant milk
1613:Tirukkuṟaḷ
1608:Speciesism
1483:By country
1443:Orthopathy
1163:Diets, Fad
895::2:154-168
549:References
542:Roman Meal
523:orthopathy
168:Early life
110:Sarah Earl
3903:Joe Yonan
3639:Chefs and
3406:Elmer Lee
3075:Tom Regan
2980:Joel Kahn
2814:authors,
2764:Magazines
2673:Vegucated
2184:Companies
2018:Veganuary
1816:Mock duck
1708:and drink
1683:Rastafari
1623:Religious
1514:Festivals
1478:Nutrition
1395:Nutrition
324:Grahamism
298:blindness
253:, called
220:port wine
115:Signature
3883:Jeeca Uy
3581:Valluvar
2721:Dominion
2567:(annual)
2204:journals
2202:reports,
2131:Swissveg
1962:Go Vegan
1866:Tofurkey
1646:Hinduism
1631:Buddhism
1388:Hardline
1350:Veganism
1331:Veganism
1289:LibriVox
952:(2016).
844:20300989
492:See also
318:butchers
236:gluttony
138:minister
100:minister
4059:Related
3959:Purezza
2793:VegNews
2713:Carnage
2657:Planeat
1896:Sausage
1886:Hot dog
1772:Gulaman
1750:legumes
1745:cereals
1688:Sikhism
1673:Judaism
1668:Jainism
1651:Sattvic
1568:Carnism
1550:Secular
1463:Cuisine
1438:History
1373:History
897:(2017).
753:1893378
273:in the
142:dietary
2995:Aph Ko
2756:(2024)
2748:(2023)
2740:(2018)
2732:(2018)
2724:(2018)
2716:(2017)
2708:(2017)
2700:(2015)
2692:(2014)
2684:(2013)
2676:(2011)
2668:(2011)
2660:(2010)
2652:(2010)
2644:(2007)
2636:(2005)
2628:(2004)
2612:(2002)
2604:(1998)
2596:(1991)
2588:(1981)
2559:(2022)
2551:(2020)
2543:(2018)
2535:(2016)
2527:(2015)
2519:(2009)
2511:(2009)
2503:(2006)
2495:(2006)
2487:(2005)
2479:(2005)
2471:(1997)
2463:(1990)
2455:(1987)
2447:(1985)
2439:(1977)
2431:(1976)
2423:(1975)
2415:(1973)
2407:(1972)
2399:(1971)
2391:(1968)
2383:(1954)
2375:(1927)
2367:(1910)
2359:(1907)
2351:(1904)
2343:(1903)
2335:(1898)
2327:(1896)
2319:(1895)
2311:(1892)
2303:(1891)
2295:(1886)
2287:(1883)
2279:(1845)
2271:(1845)
2263:(1835)
2255:(1824)
2247:(1814)
2239:(1813)
2231:(1812)
2223:(1802)
2200:Books,
2023:Veganz
1931:events
1926:Groups
1871:Cheese
1856:Tempeh
1846:Seitan
1836:Quinoa
1789:Jambon
1740:Grains
1735:Fruits
1693:Taoism
1656:Ahimsa
1542:Ethics
1504:Vegans
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486:(1837)
478:(1833)
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336:, and
206:Career
160:, and
148:, the
107:Spouse
87:, U.S.
68:, U.S.
3668:BOSH!
2823:Vegan
2779:Satya
1939:Vegan
1841:Quorn
1811:Mochi
1663:Islam
1492:Lists
840:JSTOR
749:JSTOR
641:JSTOR
411:Death
1929:and
1911:Wine
1906:Beer
1861:Tofu
1806:Miso
1762:Agar
1706:Food
1333:and
1191:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1079:2016
1056:2024
1029:ISBN
991:ISBN
958:ISBN
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915:ISBN
869:ISBN
812:ISBN
792:ISBN
709:ISBN
663:ISBN
593:ISBN
344:and
140:and
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59:Born
1287:at
1278:at
1225:".
741:doi
633:doi
245:by
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