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Grammatical particle

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2595:
is used when describing personal names, month names, and nouns used to describe a collaborative group of people participating in something together. It also can be used when a verb does not directly precede a pronoun to describe said pronouns. Its use for pronouns is optional but mostly in this way.
1657:
is used to mark the topic in the sentence which is often not the same the subject of a sentence. It indicates either presuppositionally shared information or shift in thematic orientation. It has a rather flexible position in a sentence; it always goes after the topic of the sentence, even if that
52:(functor) associated with another word or phrase in order to impart meaning. Although a particle may have an intrinsic meaning and may fit into other grammatical categories, the fundamental idea of the particle is to add context to the sentence, expressing a mood or indicating a specific action. 1217:) can have multiple positions in the same sentence while still conveying the same meaning. By default, it comes before the main verb of the sentence (or after the verb to emphasise). Usually, it doesn't appear at the end of a sentence and also at the beginning if the sentence starts with a noun. 55:
In English, for example, the phrase "oh well" has no purpose in speech other than to convey a mood. The word "up" would be a particle in the phrase "look up" (as in "look up this topic"), implying that one researches something rather than that one literally gazes skywards. Many languages use
847:
is a particle, with the sentence perhaps best translated as "What good German he speaks!" These particles are common in speech but rarely found in written language, except that which has a spoken quality (such as online messaging).
56:
particles in varying amounts and for varying reasons. In Hindi, they may be used as honorifics, or to indicate emphasis or negation. In some languages, they are clearly defined; for example, in Chinese, there are three types of
2713:
In some sources, exclamations and conjunctions are also considered Turkish particles. In this article, exclamations and conjunctions will not be dealt with, but only Turkish particles. The main particles used in Turkish are:
1772:
can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence as its default position but can also appear in between the sentence if it cannot also be interpreted as its non-particle meaning of "what" at a mid position in the sentence.
2698:
which are usually used to emphasise or accent other words. Generally there are lot of different particles in Russian of many kinds. Some of them are complex, consisting of other particles, others are as simple as one letter
2038:
The case marking particles require the noun to be declined to be in their oblique case forms. However, these markers themselves (except for one) can inflect and change forms depending on the gender of the noun they modify.
860:: emphatic particles, limiter particles, negation particles, affirmative particles, honorific particles, topic-marker particle and case-marking particles. Some common particles of Hindi are mentioned in the table below: 2994:
Particles can be used with the simple form of the names to which they are attached or in other cases. Some of particles uses with attached form, and some particles are always used after the relevant form. For examples,
747:
defines a particle as a "word that does not change its form through inflection and does not fit easily into the established system of parts of speech". The term includes the "adverbial particles" like
4438: 134:
that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning, i.e., it does not have its own lexical definition. According to this definition, particles are a separate
2565:
signals the past imperfect tense, the object of a transitive verb or the subject of a sentence formed with "neuter verbs" (a form of passive verb), as well as the prepositions
158:. Languages vary widely in how much they use particles, some using them extensively and others more commonly using alternative devices such as prefixes/suffixes, inflection, 3771: 3735: 3404: 1241:) have rather restricted positions in a sentence and can usually only appear around the verb in subjunctive mood or imperative form, respectively. 2680:
particles play sometimes an important role making an additional nuance for a meaning of a phrase or of a whole sentence. One example is particle
3875: 2537:
are almost devoid of inflection, and use particles extensively to indicate mood, tense, and case. Suggs, discussing the deciphering of the
3503: 1779:
can only come at the end of a sentence and nowhere else. It conveys that the asker is in doubt or is seeking for a confirmation.
2626:
is being used in this fashion, the locative or place name must be the subject of the sentence. Another particle in Tokelauan is
3361: 795:
serves no necessary syntactical function, but expresses the speaker's attitude towards the utterance. Modal particles include
3288: 2686:
which imparts conditional mood (subjunctive) to a verb it is being applied to or to a whole sentence. Another examples are
1114:) comes before a noun it modifies, and comes after a noun or verb or adverb when the meaning of "just/mere" is conveyed. 3706: 3657: 3320: 3248: 3868: 3760: 743:
is a somewhat nebulous term for a variety of small words that do not conveniently fit into other classes of words.
3728: 2559:, the vocative case, the future tense, or the subject of a sentence formed with most passive verbs. The particle 4710: 3397: 30: 4528: 3174: 4520: 2523: 231: 4220: 4039: 3936: 3861: 3243:
McArthur, Tom: "The Oxford Companion to the English Language", pp. 72-76, Oxford University Press, 1992.
3627: 3906: 3403:. Center for Advanced Language Proficiency Education and Research – The Pennsylvania State University. 118:, which are almost devoid of inflection, use particles extensively to indicate mood, tense, and case. 3504:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221486826_F0_cues_for_the_discourse_functions_of_ha_in_Hindi
3541: 3489: 3378: 3169: 4736: 4630: 4130: 4442: 3951: 3179: 4205: 4576: 4403: 4312: 167: 3554:
Case markers and Morphology: Addressing the crux of the fluency problem in English-Hindi SMT:
2638:. This article is used before a person's name as well as the names of months and the particle 4647: 4538: 4533: 4510: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4272: 4065: 3901: 3626:
de Hoop, Helen; Narasimhan, Bhuvana (2005-01-01), Amberber, Mengistu; De Hoop, Helen (eds.),
3528: 3476: 792: 715: 714:; particles) in Chinese: Structural, Aspectual, and Modal. Structural particles are used for 151: 95: 16:
Typically short and indeclinable word with a grammatical function but no clear part of speech
4652: 4418: 4375: 4277: 4140: 4100: 2534: 187: 163: 115: 3648: 775:, and sometimes "pragmatic particles" (also called "fillers" or "discourse markers") like 8: 4433: 4413: 4060: 1764: 723: 670:
Particles in Arabic can take the form of a single root letter before a given word, like "
111: 3853: 3614: 4599: 4566: 4492: 4477: 4462: 4452: 4365: 4360: 4350: 4145: 4075: 4070: 3639: 3596: 3464: 3445: 3164: 2586: 2481: 719: 103: 3516: 4556: 4482: 4457: 4380: 4245: 4190: 4160: 4120: 3798: 3678: 3653: 3600: 3588: 3468: 3437: 3316: 3309: 3284: 3244: 3159: 2511: 2495: 1922: 703: 191: 175: 143: 3463:
Lampp, Claire M. (2006). "Negation in modern Hindi-Urdu: the development of nahII".
3350: 2546: 4594: 4487: 4467: 4317: 4282: 4200: 3995: 3643: 3635: 3580: 3265: 3184: 2677: 2507: 2485: 179: 171: 4502: 4423: 4385: 4370: 4250: 4240: 4155: 4150: 4090: 3956: 3926: 3517:"The discourse particle to and word ordering in Hindi: From grammar to discourse" 2556: 2499: 2030: 1900: 3555: 759:) such as "look up" or "knock out"; it also includes the "infinitival particle" 4684: 4642: 4604: 4506: 4235: 4225: 4215: 4110: 4105: 4085: 4080: 4009: 3884: 3584: 3085:
Yardım istemekten başka çaremiz kalmadı. We have no choice but to ask for help.
347: 159: 135: 41: 4730: 4609: 4561: 4428: 4408: 4287: 4185: 4135: 4115: 4095: 3592: 3568: 3441: 2542: 2012: 1994: 1976: 1958: 1940: 1918: 131: 49: 3702: 2644:
is used before pronouns when these instances are following the prepositions
2602:
cannot be used if the noun it is describing follows any of the prepositions
4698: 4672: 4662: 4635: 4497: 4230: 4195: 4170: 4125: 3946: 1644: 756: 2526:. There are sentence-tagging particles such as Japanese question markers. 4355: 4165: 4044: 4005: 3970: 3961: 3634:, Perspectives on Cognitive Science, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 321–345, 1896: 147: 3449: 3425: 4715: 4614: 4571: 4548: 4472: 4307: 4210: 4180: 4175: 4029: 4024: 3931: 3921: 3911: 2538: 203: 139: 45: 4705: 4667: 4447: 4264: 4019: 3965: 3941: 215: 3502:
Kalika Bali, "F0 cues for the discourse functions of "hã" in Hindi"
2614:. A couple of the other ways unrelated to what is listed above that 4694: 4689: 466: 3109:
Duyduğuma göre bitirme sınavları bir hafta erken gerçekleşecekmiş.
4679: 4395: 4000: 3916: 3426:"ON DISTRIBUTION AND SENSES OF THE EMPHATIC PARTICLE hI IN HINDI" 3102:Çok çalışmama rağmen sınavda hedeflediğim başarıyı yakalayamadım. 155: 20: 2620:
is used is when preceding a locative or place name. However, if
4657: 4342: 4034: 4014: 3847:. New Zealand: Office of Tokelau Affairs. p. Introduction. 2519: 2515: 961:) can roughly be translated as "also", "too", "can't even" etc 183: 2514:
in a sentence or clause. Linguistic analyses describe them as
3382: 3339:, Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition (2003), p. 156-164. 1557:
It comes after a noun and gives the noun an honorific value.
857: 801:
and others. Some of these also appear in non-particle forms.
3072:
used for 'other, another, otherwise, new, diverse, either'.
3980: 3893: 2503: 948:) can roughly be translated as "only", "just", "alone" etc 694:" (which marks a question) can be complete words as well. 162:
and word order. Particles are typically words that encode
3883: 3613:
Negation in modern Hindi-Urdu: the development of nahII:
3116:Şirketteki son değişikliklere dâir bilgi almak istiyorum. 1559:
Compare with the honorific particles in Japanese, e.g.
3615:
https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/g158bh795?locale=en
587:: These two particles are found in constructions like 3729:"Paul H. Portner – Paul Portner's academic homepage" 3311:
The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
3302: 3300: 745:
The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
726:. Note that particles are different from zhùdòngcí ( 2449: 2418: 2387: 2356: 2317: 2282: 2236: 2204: 2185: 2166: 2147: 2128: 2104: 2080: 2061: 2024: 2006: 1988: 1970: 1952: 1934: 1912: 1890: 1855: 1824: 1794: 1753: 1739: 1700: 1673: 1605: 1547: 1504: 1475: 1443: 1415: 1392: 1378: 1364: 1350: 1313: 1284: 1255: 1236: 1224: 1212: 1196: 1182: 1168: 1129: 1109: 1093: 1079: 1040: 1006: 976: 956: 943: 927: 913: 899: 3797: 3308: 856:There are different types of particles present in 831:is a conjunction connecting two sentences. But in 3628:"Chapter 12 - Differential Case-Marking in Hindi" 3625: 3430:Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute 3307:McArthur, Thomas Burns; McArthur, Roshan (2005). 3297: 3140:Bu raporu bitirebilmek için zamana ihtiyacım var. 4728: 3306: 3272: 3127:used for 'for, with, because, because of, how'. 3066:Turkish particles according to their functions. 2662:is a particle used if following the preposition 3078:Senden gayrı kimsem yok. No one other than you. 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2590: 1582: 1567: 582: 576: 460: 454: 448: 442: 356: 350: 341: 326: 317: 222: 3632:Competition and Variation in Natural Languages 3351:"German modal particles and the common ground" 3133:Açılış konuşmasını yapmak üzere kürsüye çıktı. 3096:used for 'by, in comparison, about, despite'. 1576: 1561: 1056:I'll (instantly) go and (instantly) come back. 57: 3869: 3556:https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P09-1090.pdf 3219: 3204: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3122: 3114: 3107: 3100: 3091: 3083: 3076: 3067: 3053: 3041: 3033: 3023: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2959: 2951: 2943: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2903: 2891: 2883: 2875: 2867: 2859: 2851: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2819: 2811: 2799: 2791: 2783: 2775: 2767: 2759: 2751: 2743: 2735: 2727: 2720: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2681: 727: 709: 63: 3703:"All About the Japanese Particles Wa and Ga" 3567:Bhatt, Rajesh; Dayal, Veneeta (2020-01-31). 842: 832: 826: 812: 802: 796: 689: 683: 677: 671: 3395: 3358:Helikon. A Multidisciplinary Online Journal 3259: 2560: 2550: 2439: 2408: 2377: 2346: 2303: 2272: 2218: 2198: 2179: 2160: 2141: 2122: 2098: 2074: 2055: 2018: 2000: 1982: 1964: 1946: 1928: 1906: 1884: 1845: 1814: 1784: 1774: 1767: 1747: 1733: 1690: 1663: 1652: 1638: 1595: 1541: 1494: 1466: 1434: 1406: 1386: 1372: 1358: 1344: 1304: 1275: 1246: 1230: 1218: 1206: 1190: 1176: 1162: 1119: 1103: 1087: 1073: 1026: 997: 966: 950: 937: 921: 907: 893: 325:is analysed as an adverb, while the second 3876: 3862: 3569:"Polar question particles: Hindi-Urdu kya" 3566: 3283:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 79. 3647: 688:" ('to'). However, other particles like " 286: 3573:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 3817:He Whakamarama: A Short Course in Maori 3514: 2529: 807:, for example, is also the conjunction 346:: Infinitive verbs are preceded by the 4729: 3842: 3423: 3124:İçin, üzere, dolayı, ötürü, nâşi, diye 2545:, describes them as all-important. In 2475: 428: 394: 3857: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3800:The Island Civilizations of Polynesia 3795: 3789: 3462: 3348: 3315:. Oxford University Press. Particle. 3278: 3147:Kardeşim hastalığından nâşi gelemedi. 546: 491: 3419: 3417: 2549:for example, the versatile particle 3560: 690: 684: 678: 672: 13: 3823: 3814: 3396:Vyatkina, Nina; Johnson, Karen E. 3379:"Modal Particles: schon, ja, halt" 3260:Wightwick, Jane; Gaafar, Mahmoud. 409: 40:) has a traditional meaning, as a 14: 4748: 3777:from the original on 24 July 2010 3414: 2494:is often used in descriptions of 2015:marker" "up to, until, as far as" 1758:) — "doubt / confirmatory marker" 798:ja, halt, doch, aber, denn, schon 121: 3640:10.1016/B978-008044651-6/50015-X 3410:from the original on 2019-07-01. 3367:from the original on 2013-03-18. 1867:we do this? / we are doing this? 1658:topic contains other particles. 708:There are three types of zhùcí ( 621: 597: 542: 487: 405: 282: 214:Some commonly used particles in 3808: 3753: 3741:from the original on 2009-03-06 3721: 3709:from the original on 2009-03-03 3695: 3671: 3619: 3607: 3548: 3508: 3496: 3456: 3212: 3197: 918:) — Inclusive Emphatic Particle 904:) — Exclusive Emphatic Particle 625: 601: 3649:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1748-5 3389: 3371: 3342: 3329: 3253: 3237: 2502:, where they are used to mark 1: 3281:A Glossary of English Grammar 3231: 3175:Proto-Indo-European particles 1836:It should be done like this, 767:, the "imperative particles" 718:. Aspectual particles signal 355:and the infinitival particle 48:, and a modern meaning, as a 2580: 2033:marker" "like, -ish, -esque" 1552:) — "honour giving particle" 932:) — Manner Emphatic Particle 209: 138:and are distinct from other 7: 3153: 3093:Göre, nazaran, dâir, rağmen 2450: 2419: 2388: 2357: 2318: 2283: 2237: 2205: 2186: 2167: 2148: 2129: 2105: 2081: 2062: 2025: 2007: 1989: 1971: 1953: 1935: 1913: 1891: 1856: 1825: 1795: 1754: 1740: 1701: 1674: 1606: 1583: 1568: 1548: 1505: 1476: 1444: 1416: 1393: 1379: 1365: 1351: 1314: 1285: 1256: 1237: 1225: 1213: 1197: 1183: 1169: 1130: 1110: 1094: 1080: 1041: 1007: 977: 957: 944: 928: 914: 900: 732:; modal verbs) in Chinese. 202:, etc. Particles are never 142:of function words, such as 58: 10: 4753: 4711:Syntax–semantics interface 3718:List of Japanese particles 3585:10.1007/s11049-020-09464-0 2708: 2671: 2479: 763:, the "negative particle" 735: 722:. Modal particles express 701: 697: 437:'You must remember to eat' 4623: 4585: 4547: 4519: 4394: 4341: 4263: 4053: 3988: 3979: 3892: 3424:PARGHI, KHUSHBOO (2016). 2701: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2440: 2409: 2378: 2347: 2304: 2273: 2219: 2199: 2180: 2161: 2142: 2123: 2099: 2097: 2075: 2073: 2056: 2019: 2001: 1983: 1965: 1947: 1929: 1907: 1885: 1846: 1815: 1785: 1775: 1768: 1748: 1734: 1691: 1664: 1653: 1639: 1596: 1577: 1562: 1542: 1495: 1467: 1435: 1407: 1387: 1373: 1359: 1345: 1305: 1276: 1247: 1231: 1219: 1207: 1191: 1177: 1163: 1120: 1104: 1088: 1074: 1027: 998: 967: 951: 938: 922: 908: 894: 876: 865: 786: 728: 710: 665: 64: 4131:Exceptional case-marking 3804:. New American Library. 3796:Suggs, Robert C (1960). 3750:List of Korean particles 3398:"German Modal Particles" 3279:Leech, Geoffrey (2006). 3190: 3047:bu ödevi bitirmem lazım. 1187:) — Subjunctive Negation 851: 825:he speaks German well," 424:Jy moet onthou om te eet 3843:Simona, Ropati (1986). 3761:"conf.ling.cornell.edu" 3515:Montaut, Annie (2015). 3180:Sentence-final particle 3059:çok çalışman gerekiyor. 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2591: 1716:good but not that much. 1201:) — Imperative Negation 1173:) — Indicative Negation 334:as a negation particle. 94:particles are used for 3937:Initial-stress-derived 3536:Cite journal requires 3484:Cite journal requires 3349:Bross, Fabian (2012). 3220: 3205: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3123: 3115: 3108: 3101: 3092: 3084: 3077: 3068: 3054: 3042: 3034: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2984: 2976: 2968: 2960: 2952: 2944: 2936: 2928: 2920: 2912: 2904: 2892: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2860: 2852: 2844: 2836: 2828: 2820: 2812: 2800: 2792: 2784: 2776: 2768: 2760: 2752: 2744: 2736: 2728: 2721: 2561: 2551: 1500: ! किया है मैंने। 843: 833: 827: 818:er spricht gut Deutsch 813: 803: 797: 640: 632: 616: 608: 592: 583: 577: 553: 537: 529: 521: 498: 482: 474: 461: 455: 449: 443: 416: 400: 390: 382: 374: 366: 357: 351: 342: 327: 318: 274: 266: 255: 247: 239: 232:double negation system 223: 164:grammatical categories 4448:Inclusive / Exclusive 2896:, although or despite 1979:marker" "in / inside" 1744:) — "question marker" 793:German modal particle 716:grammatical relations 648:so groot soos 'n huis 126:In modern grammar, a 96:grammatical relations 2535:Polynesian languages 2530:Polynesian languages 1826:aisā karnā hota hai 1295:It'll be good if it 116:Polynesian languages 4328:Relative subsective 4221:Regular / Irregular 4066:Andative / Venitive 3902:Abstract / Concrete 3025:Bu çiçekleri annem 2506:according to their 2476:Japanese and Korean 1369:) — "honorific yes" 821:, "He is American, 814:Er ist Amerikaner, 724:linguistic modality 720:grammatical aspects 661:'as big as a house' 112:linguistic modality 104:grammatical aspects 3887:and their features 3885:Lexical categories 3845:Tokelau Dictionary 3262:Mastering Arabic 1 3170:Okinawan particles 3165:Nobiliary particle 3069:Başka, gayrı, özge 2482:Japanese particles 1706:ho par utnī nahī̃. 1510:! kiyā hai ma͠ine. 1397:) — "emphatic yes" 1383:) — "emphatic yes" 755:in verbal idioms ( 561:die boek van Peter 427:You must remember 309:'She is not tired' 230:: Afrikaans has a 110:particles express 4724: 4723: 4529:Casally modulated 4434:Formal / Informal 4323:Pure intersective 4273:Anti-intersective 4259: 4258: 4206:Preterite-present 3523:. Benjamins: 263. 3290:978-0-7486-1729-6 3206:ama, fakat, lakin 3160:Ilocano particles 2512:thematic relation 2473: 2472: 2213: 2212: 1997:marker" "on / at" 1816:ऐसा करना होता है 1524:! I have done it. 1429:, I (will) do it. 1289:aisā to acchā ho. 704:Chinese particles 303:She is not tired 192:discourse markers 102:particles signal 4744: 4303:Non-intersective 3986: 3985: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3848: 3840: 3821: 3820: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3740: 3733: 3725: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3651: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3579:(4): 1115–1144. 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3524: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3472: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3421: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3335:Martin Durrell, 3333: 3327: 3326: 3314: 3304: 3295: 3294: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3266:Hippocrene Books 3257: 3251: 3241: 3225: 3223: 3216: 3210: 3208: 3201: 3185:Uninflected word 3149: 3142: 3135: 3126: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3095: 3087: 3080: 3071: 3061: 3049: 3037: 3031: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2987: 2979: 2971: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2939: 2931: 2923: 2915: 2907: 2895: 2887: 2879: 2871: 2863: 2855: 2847: 2839: 2831: 2823: 2815: 2803: 2795: 2787: 2779: 2771: 2763: 2755: 2747: 2739: 2731: 2724: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2594: 2564: 2554: 2508:grammatical case 2486:Korean particles 2457: 2447: 2446: 2426: 2416: 2415: 2395: 2385: 2384: 2364: 2354: 2353: 2329: 2323:se nikālo aur is 2315: 2314: 2290: 2280: 2279: 2252: 2234: 2233: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2041: 2040: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1894: 1888: 1887: 1863: 1853: 1852: 1832: 1822: 1821: 1802: 1792: 1791: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1725:Question Marker 1708: 1698: 1697: 1696:हो पर उतनी नहीं। 1681: 1671: 1670: 1656: 1655: 1642: 1641: 1613: 1603: 1602: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1512: 1502: 1501: 1482: 1473: 1472: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1320: 1311: 1310: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1280:ऐसा तो अच्छा हो। 1262: 1253: 1252: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1166: 1165: 1137: 1127: 1126: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1052: 1038: 1037: 1013: 1004: 1003: 984: 974: 973: 960: 954: 953: 947: 941: 940: 931: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 903: 897: 896: 866:Hindi particles 863: 862: 846: 840: 830: 820: 806: 800: 731: 730: 713: 712: 693: 692: 687: 686: 681: 680: 675: 674: 627: 623: 603: 599: 586: 580: 548: 544: 493: 489: 464: 458: 452: 446: 430: 411: 407: 396: 360: 354: 345: 330: 321: 288: 284: 226: 77: 74: 71: 67: 66: 61: 38: 37: 4752: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4737:Parts of speech 4727: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4619: 4581: 4543: 4515: 4443:Gender-specific 4390: 4337: 4255: 4141:Germanic strong 4049: 3975: 3888: 3882: 3852: 3841: 3824: 3813: 3809: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3685: 3679:"CASE IN HINDI" 3677: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3535: 3526: 3525: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3473: 3461: 3457: 3422: 3415: 3407: 3400: 3394: 3390: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3353: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3277: 3273: 3258: 3254: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3228: 3217: 3213: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3156: 2992: 2991: 2908:, corresponding 2899: 2807: 2711: 2674: 2632:, or sometimes 2583: 2557:imperative mood 2555:can signal the 2532: 2488: 2478: 1921:marker" & " 1899:marker" & " 1765:question-marker 1575: 1560: 1489:, I will do it. 949: 854: 789: 738: 706: 700: 668: 663: 646: 638: 630: 614: 606: 573: 559: 551: 535: 527: 518: 504: 496: 480: 469:particles, e.g. 439: 422: 414: 398: 388: 380: 372: 333: 324: 311: 300: 296: 291: 278: 272: 264: 259: 253: 245: 229: 212: 160:auxiliary verbs 124: 75: 72: 69: 44:that cannot be 35: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4750: 4740: 4739: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4687: 4685:Procedure word 4682: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4643:Complementizer 4640: 4639: 4638: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4513: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4439:Gender-neutral 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4404:Bound variable 4400: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4061:Ambitransitive 4057: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3851: 3850: 3822: 3815:Foster, John. 3807: 3788: 3752: 3720: 3694: 3670: 3658: 3618: 3606: 3559: 3547: 3538:|journal= 3507: 3495: 3486:|journal= 3455: 3413: 3388: 3370: 3341: 3328: 3321: 3296: 3289: 3271: 3252: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3211: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3120: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3089: 3088: 3081: 3064: 3063: 3055:Düşük notların 3051: 3039: 3038:is nominative) 2990: 2989: 2981: 2973: 2965: 2957: 2949: 2941: 2933: 2925: 2917: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2889: 2881: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2825: 2817: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2797: 2789: 2781: 2773: 2765: 2757: 2749: 2741: 2733: 2725: 2717: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2673: 2670: 2582: 2579: 2531: 2528: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2016: 1998: 1980: 1962: 1944: 1926: 1904: 1880: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1780: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1745: 1729: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685:Neha is good. 1659: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1634: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1591: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1537: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1518:I already said 1492: 1491: 1490: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1402: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1384: 1370: 1356: 1340: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1242: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1188: 1174: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1115: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098:) — mere, only 1085: 1069: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1024: 1023: 1022: 995: 994: 993: 962: 935: 934: 933: 919: 905: 889: 882: 881: 878: 875: 872: 868: 867: 853: 850: 788: 785: 737: 734: 699: 696: 682:" ('so') and " 667: 664: 639: 631: 615: 607: 591: 590: 589: 588: 571:'Peter's book' 552: 536: 528: 520: 519: 516:'Peter's book' 497: 481: 473: 472: 471: 470: 415: 399: 389: 381: 373: 365: 364: 363: 362: 348:complementiser 338: 337: 336: 335: 331: 322: 298: 294: 276: 273: 265: 257: 254: 246: 238: 237: 236: 235: 227: 211: 208: 136:part of speech 123: 122:Modern meaning 120: 42:part of speech 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4749: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4600:Interrogative 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4567:Interrogative 4565: 4563: 4562:Demonstrative 4560: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4511:Prepositional 4508: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4498:Strong / Weak 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4463:Interrogative 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4409:Demonstrative 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4376:Prepositional 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4366:Interrogative 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4288:Demonstrative 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4146:Germanic weak 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4136:Frequentative 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4076:Autocausative 4074: 4072: 4071:Anticausative 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4040:Transgressive 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3818: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3792: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3756: 3737: 3730: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3661: 3659:9780080446516 3655: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3543: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3491: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3418: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3363: 3359: 3352: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3324: 3322:9780192806376 3318: 3313: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3249:0-19-214183-X 3246: 3240: 3236: 3222: 3215: 3207: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3052: 3048: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2706: 2679: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2593: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2543:Easter Island 2540: 2536: 2527: 2525: 2524:postpositions 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2483: 2465:four o'clock. 2464: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2444: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2413: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2382: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2277: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2207: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2095:instrumental 2094: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2017: 2014: 2009: 1999: 1996: 1991: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1850: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1819: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1695: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1651: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1630:Topic Marker 1629: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1570: 1556: 1550: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1499: 1493: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1395: 1385: 1381: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1309:कर यार ! 1308: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1250: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1227: 1215: 1205: 1199: 1189: 1185: 1175: 1171: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135:hè̃ apne pās. 1134: 1125:हैं अपने पास। 1124: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1102: 1096: 1086: 1082: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1035: 1031: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1001: 996: 991: 987: 986: 983: 981: 971: 965: 964: 963: 959: 946: 936: 930: 920: 916: 906: 902: 892: 891: 890: 888: 884: 883: 879: 873: 870: 869: 864: 861: 859: 849: 845: 839: 837: 829: 824: 819: 817: 810: 805: 799: 794: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:phrasal verbs 754: 750: 746: 742: 733: 725: 721: 717: 705: 695: 662: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 642: 637: 634: 629: 628: 618: 613: 610: 605: 604: 594: 585: 579: 575: 574: 572: 569: 567: 562: 558: 555: 550: 549: 539: 534: 531: 526: 523: 517: 514: 512: 507: 506:Peter se boek 503: 500: 495: 494: 484: 479: 476: 468: 463: 457: 451: 445: 441: 440: 438: 435: 433: 425: 421: 418: 413: 412: 402: 397: 392: 387: 384: 379: 376: 371: 368: 359: 353: 349: 344: 340: 339: 329: 320: 315: 314: 313: 312: 310: 307: 306: 301: 290: 289: 279: 271: 268: 263: 260: 252: 249: 244: 241: 233: 225: 221: 220: 219: 217: 207: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 132:function word 129: 119: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 60: 53: 51: 50:function word 47: 43: 39: 32: 28: 27: 22: 4699:Pro-sentence 4673:Onomatopoeia 4663:Interjection 4636:Measure word 4586: 4419:Distributive 4313:Postpositive 4293:Intersective 4246:Unaccusative 4191:Performative 4161:Intransitive 4121:Ditransitive 3947:Noun adjunct 3844: 3816: 3810: 3799: 3791: 3779:. Retrieved 3767: 3755: 3743:. Retrieved 3723: 3711:. Retrieved 3697: 3686:. Retrieved 3683:ResearchGate 3682: 3673: 3663:, retrieved 3631: 3621: 3609: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3550: 3529:cite journal 3520: 3510: 3498: 3477:cite journal 3458: 3433: 3429: 3391: 3373: 3357: 3344: 3337:Using German 3336: 3331: 3310: 3280: 3274: 3261: 3255: 3239: 3214: 3199: 3121: 3090: 3065: 3056: 3044: 3026: 2993: 2712: 2675: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2533: 2491: 2489: 2462: 2452: 2442: 2431: 2421: 2411: 2400: 2390: 2380: 2369: 2359: 2349: 2338: 2334: 2333:Take it out 2324: 2320: 2310: 2309:निकालो और इस 2306: 2295: 2285: 2275: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2176:terminative 1923:instrumental 1877: 1876:Case Marker 1858: 1848: 1837: 1827: 1817: 1806: 1797: 1796:vo gātā hai 1787: 1726: 1713: 1703: 1693: 1676: 1666: 1645:topic marker 1631: 1618: 1608: 1598: 1558: 1534: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1497: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1458: 1454: 1445: 1436: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1337: 1336:Affirmative 1324: 1315: 1306: 1296: 1286: 1277: 1267: 1260:čāhiye aisā. 1257: 1248: 1155: 1142: 1132: 1122: 1066: 1047: 1043: 1033: 1029: 1018: 1011:nahī̃ sakte? 1008: 999: 989: 988:You brought 979: 969: 886: 855: 838:gut Deutsch! 835: 822: 815: 808: 790: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 752: 748: 744: 740: 739: 707: 676:" ('and'), " 669: 660: 655: 651: 650: 647: 643: 635: 620: 619: 611: 596: 595: 570: 565: 563: 560: 556: 541: 540: 532: 524: 515: 510: 508: 505: 501: 486: 485: 477: 436: 431: 426: 423: 419: 404: 403: 393: 385: 377: 369: 308: 304: 302: 292: 281: 280: 269: 261: 250: 242: 213: 199: 195: 152:conjunctions 148:prepositions 127: 125: 107: 99: 91: 87: 83: 79: 54: 33: 25: 24: 18: 4648:Conjunction 4414:Disjunctive 4351:Conjunctive 4298:Nominalized 4201:Predicative 4045:Verbal noun 3996:Attributive 3768:cornell.edu 3360:: 182–209. 2764:, regarding 2368:It must be 2195:semblative 2071:accusative 1857:aisā karē̃ 1786:वो गाता है 1611:kaise ha͠i? 1457:, and you ( 1327:do it, man! 1258:nahī̃ karnā 1156:Particles 1046:jāū̃gā aur 887:Particles 834:Er spricht 114:. However, 31:abbreviated 23:, the term 4716:Yes and no 4631:Classifier 4615:Possessive 4577:Quantifier 4572:Possessive 4549:Determiner 4521:Adposition 4493:Resumptive 4478:Reciprocal 4473:Possessive 4453:Indefinite 4381:Pronominal 4333:Subsective 4308:Possessive 4278:Collateral 4251:Unergative 4241:Transitive 4156:Inchoative 4151:Impersonal 4091:Catenative 4030:Participle 4025:Infinitive 3957:Relational 3927:Collective 3907:Adjectival 3745:2008-04-07 3713:2009-10-29 3688:2020-11-16 3665:2020-11-16 3436:: 93–100. 3232:References 3218:used with 3203:used with 3062:(ablative) 2998:-den ötürü 2916:, prior to 2840:, informal 2541:script of 2539:rongorongo 2480:See also: 2337:a keep it 2031:semblative 1901:accusative 1878:Particles 1727:Particles 1714:"sure are" 1702:tum acchī 1692:तुम अच्छी 1679:acchī hai. 1632:Particles 1535:Particles 1533:Honorific 1420:kartā hū̃. 1338:Particles 1266:One should 1251:चाहिए ऐसा। 1143:merely two 1067:Particles 1032:जाऊँगा और 1019:can't even 1002:नहीं सकते? 880:Sentences 874:Particles 702:See also: 316:The first 190:or (oral) 92:Structural 80:structural 4706:Prop-word 4668:Ideophone 4595:Discourse 4534:Inflected 4483:Reflexive 4458:Intensive 4265:Adjective 4236:Stretched 4226:Separable 4216:Reflexive 4111:Denominal 4106:Defective 4086:Captative 4081:Auxiliary 4020:Gerundive 4010:Nonfinite 3932:Countable 3601:213719773 3593:1573-0859 3469:198686698 3442:0045-9801 3057:dan ötürü 3029:alıyorum. 2940:, despite 2888:, against 2796:, as much 2788:, mention 2732:, another 2587:Tokelauan 2581:Tokelauan 2490:The term 2451:cār baje 2430:No one's 2370:inside it 2335:from that 2157:adessive 2138:inessive 2119:genitive 2114:ablative 2052:ergative 1847:ऐसा करें 1669:अच्छी है। 1411:करता हूँ। 1355:) — "yes" 1270:do that. 1249:नहीं करना 1154:Negation 982:leke āye? 972:लेके आये? 885:Emphatic 656:PTCL.CMPR 652:PTCL.CMPR 564:the book 293:Sy is nie 218:include: 216:Afrikaans 210:Afrikaans 204:inflected 166:(such as 100:Aspectual 84:aspectual 73:particles 46:inflected 4731:Category 4695:Pro-verb 4690:Pro-form 4587:Particle 4539:Stranded 4488:Relative 4468:Personal 4386:Relative 4371:Locative 4361:Genitive 4186:Negative 4116:Deponent 4096:Compound 3772:Archived 3736:Archived 3707:Archived 3450:26264771 3405:Archived 3362:Archived 3209:('but'). 3154:See also 3050:(dative) 3016:-e doğru 3010:-den öte 2932:, beyond 2924:, due to 2832:, before 2516:suffixes 2496:Japanese 2492:particle 2441:चार बजे 2420:koi mujh 2399:Pour it 2013:locative 1995:locative 1990:pe / par 1977:locative 1959:genitive 1941:ergative 1919:ablative 1809:he sing? 1643:(to) — " 1601:कैसे है? 1487:Yes sure 1480:karū̃gā. 1318:kar yār! 1299:happen . 1145:oranges. 1141:We have 1131:nārangī 1123:मात्र दो 1084:) — mere 1065:Limiter 1009:likh bhī 970:कॉफ़ी ही 741:Particle 566:PTCL.GEN 511:PTCL.GEN 467:genitive 432:PTCL.INF 386:remember 305:PTCL.NEG 297:moeg nie 234:, as in: 194:such as 168:negation 144:articles 128:particle 26:particle 4680:Preverb 4557:Article 4503:Subject 4396:Pronoun 4231:Stative 4196:Phrasal 4171:Lexical 4126:Dynamic 4101:Copular 4001:Converb 3917:Animacy 3385:German. 3224:('and') 3045:a kadar 2988:, alone 2956:, as if 2905:mukabil 2880:, until 2804:, until 2772:, right 2753:bir tek 2740:, since 2709:Turkish 2678:Russian 2672:Russian 2605:e, o, a 2520:clitics 2410:कोई मुझ 2401:on that 2393:ḍhālnā. 2339:on this 2261:him/her 2090:dative 1984:पे / पर 1961:marker" 1943:marker" 1925:marker" 1903:marker" 1617:How is 1471:करूँगा। 1448:aur āp. 1297:doesn't 1184:na / nā 1133:mātr do 1121:नारंगी 992:coffee? 980:kôfī hī 736:English 698:Chinese 658:a house 453:: Both 188:fillers 184:clitics 156:adverbs 140:classes 21:grammar 4658:Coverb 4653:Copula 4507:Object 4424:Donkey 4343:Adverb 4318:Proper 4283:Common 4166:Labile 4035:Supine 4015:Gerund 4006:Finite 3971:Verbal 3962:Strong 3952:Proper 3656:  3599:  3591:  3467:  3448:  3440:  3319:  3287:  3247:  3004:-e dek 2985:yalnız 2964:, then 2948:, only 2945:sadece 2937:rağmen 2893:karşın 2872:, with 2848:, like 2813:dolayı 2756:, only 2500:Korean 2461:Do it 2455:karnā. 2424:nahī̃. 2383:ढालना। 2327:rakho. 2294:Is it 2257:He/she 2047:Hindi 1897:dative 1621:Rahul? 1607:rāhul 1597:राहुल 1508:hā̃ to 1498:हाँ तो 1478:jī hā̃ 1469:जी हाँ 1459:formal 1439:और आप? 1394:hā̃-to 1388:हाँ तो 1380:jī-hā̃ 1374:जी हाँ 1229:) and 1178:न / ना 1050:āū̃gā. 1036:आऊँगा। 1021:write? 1000:लिख भी 877:Notes 841:, the 787:German 666:Arabic 509:Peter 383:onthou 361:, e.g. 86:, and 4624:Other 4605:Modal 4429:Dummy 4181:Modal 4176:Light 4054:Types 3989:Forms 3912:Agent 3781:7 May 3775:(PDF) 3764:(PDF) 3739:(PDF) 3732:(PDF) 3597:S2CID 3465:S2CID 3446:JSTOR 3408:(PDF) 3401:(PDF) 3383:Yabla 3365:(PDF) 3354:(PDF) 3191:Notes 3043:Yarın 2977:üzere 2972:, row 2961:sonra 2953:sanki 2921:ötürü 2885:karşı 2877:kadar 2864:, for 2837:gayri 2829:evvel 2816:, due 2793:denli 2785:değin 2780:, not 2777:değil 2769:doğru 2748:, one 2729:başka 2722:ancak 2702:б, -с 2659:Ia te 2608:, or 2547:Māori 2522:, or 2504:nouns 2463:until 2445:करना। 2414:नहीं। 2362:hogā. 2352:होगा। 2263:with 2250:mārā. 2232:मारा। 2044:Case 2029:) — " 2011:) — " 1993:) — " 1975:) — " 1957:) — " 1939:) — " 1917:) — " 1895:) — " 1675:nehā 1665:नेहा 1325:Don't 1287:nā ho 1278:ना हो 1214:nahī̃ 1170:nahī̃ 1105:मात्र 1075:मात्र 1042:ma͠i 871:Type 858:Hindi 852:Hindi 811:. In 644:house 609:groot 568:Peter 557:Peter 554:Peter 478:Peter 475:Peter 270:tired 178:, or 176:tense 130:is a 108:Modal 88:modal 59:zhùcí 4610:Noun 4356:Flat 4211:Pure 3981:Verb 3966:Weak 3942:Mass 3922:Bare 3894:Noun 3783:2018 3654:ISBN 3589:ISSN 3542:help 3490:help 3438:ISSN 3317:ISBN 3285:ISBN 3245:ISBN 3035:anne 3027:için 2980:, to 2969:sıra 2913:önce 2861:için 2856:, by 2853:göre 2845:gibi 2824:, so 2821:diye 2761:dair 2737:beri 2692:and 2641:a te 2575:from 2573:and 2498:and 2484:and 2432:like 2313:रखो। 2288:hai? 2259:hit 1807:Does 1788:क्या 1769:क्या 1763:The 1735:क्या 1712:You 1574:and 1569:sama 1506:are 1496:अरे 1208:नहीं 1164:नहीं 1111:mātr 1081:mātr 1028:मैं 1017:You 990:just 978:bas 844:aber 836:aber 828:aber 816:aber 804:Aber 781:well 779:and 771:and 654:big 641:huis 626:CMPR 622:PTCL 617:soos 602:CMPR 598:PTCL 584:soos 581:and 543:PTCL 533:book 530:boek 513:book 502:book 499:boek 488:PTCL 465:are 459:and 429:COMP 406:PTCL 395:COMP 378:must 375:moet 283:PTCL 267:moeg 196:well 180:case 172:mood 154:and 36:PTCL 3644:hdl 3636:doi 3581:doi 3521:283 2929:öte 2869:ile 2801:dek 2745:bir 2705:). 2689:-то 2676:In 2665:mai 2650:or 2585:In 2510:or 2453:tak 2434:me. 2360:mē̃ 2350:में 2321:mē̃ 2296:his 2278:है? 2187:tak 2149:mē̃ 2143:में 2008:tak 1972:mē̃ 1966:में 1798:kyā 1741:kyā 1619:Mr. 1584:san 1522:yes 1455:Yes 1427:Yes 1418:hā̃ 1409:हाँ 1352:hā̃ 1346:हाँ 1316:mat 1268:n't 1238:mat 1198:mat 1095:bas 1048:yū̃ 1044:yū̃ 1034:यूँ 1030:यूँ 968:बस 958:bhī 929:yū̃ 923:यूँ 915:bhī 823:but 809:but 783:. 773:let 765:not 753:out 751:or 729:助動詞 612:big 547:GEN 538:van 525:the 522:die 492:GEN 462:van 450:van 447:or 434:eat 420:eat 417:eet 410:INF 370:You 328:nie 319:nie 287:NEG 275:nie 262:not 256:nie 243:She 224:nie 182:), 78:): 19:In 4733:: 4697:/ 4509:/ 4505:/ 4441:/ 4008:/ 3964:/ 3825:^ 3770:. 3766:. 3734:. 3705:. 3681:. 3652:, 3642:, 3630:, 3595:. 3587:. 3577:38 3575:. 3571:. 3533:: 3531:}} 3527:{{ 3519:. 3481:: 3479:}} 3475:{{ 3444:. 3434:76 3432:. 3428:. 3416:^ 3381:. 3356:. 3299:^ 3264:. 3221:ve 3019:: 3013:, 3007:, 3001:, 2695:же 2683:бы 2668:. 2656:. 2653:ki 2623:ia 2617:ia 2611:ko 2599:Ia 2592:ia 2589:, 2577:. 2571:at 2569:, 2567:in 2518:, 2458:) 2443:तक 2427:) 2422:sā 2412:सा 2396:) 2391:pe 2389:us 2381:पे 2379:उस 2365:) 2358:us 2348:उस 2330:) 2325:pe 2319:us 2311:पे 2307:से 2305:उस 2291:) 2286:kā 2284:us 2276:का 2274:उस 2265:it 2253:) 2248:se 2246:us 2244:ko 2242:us 2240:ne 2238:us 2230:से 2228:उस 2226:को 2224:उस 2222:ने 2220:उस 2209:) 2206:sā 2200:सा 2190:) 2181:तक 2171:) 2168:pe 2162:पे 2152:) 2133:) 2130:kā 2124:का 2109:) 2106:se 2100:से 2085:) 2082:ko 2076:को 2066:) 2063:ne 2057:ने 2026:sā 2020:सा 2002:तक 1954:kā 1948:का 1936:ne 1930:ने 1914:se 1908:से 1892:ko 1886:को 1864:) 1859:nā 1849:ना 1838:no 1833:) 1828:nā 1818:ना 1803:) 1776:ना 1755:nā 1749:ना 1709:) 1704:to 1694:तो 1682:) 1677:to 1667:तो 1654:तो 1640:तो 1614:) 1609:jī 1599:जी 1589:. 1578:さん 1563:さま 1549:jī 1543:जी 1520:) 1513:) 1483:) 1461:)? 1451:) 1446:jī 1437:जी 1423:) 1366:jī 1360:जी 1321:) 1307:मत 1292:) 1263:) 1232:मत 1226:na 1192:मत 1138:) 1089:बस 1053:) 1014:) 985:) 952:भी 945:hī 939:ही 909:भी 901:hī 895:ही 791:A 777:oh 769:do 761:to 749:up 711:助詞 691:هل 685:-ل 679:-ف 673:-و 633:'n 593:so 578:so 483:se 456:se 444:se 401:te 391:om 367:Jy 358:te 352:om 343:te 251:is 248:is 240:Sy 206:. 200:um 198:, 186:, 174:, 170:, 150:, 146:, 106:. 98:. 90:. 82:, 68:; 65:助詞 3877:e 3870:t 3863:v 3819:. 3785:. 3748:. 3716:. 3691:. 3646:: 3638:: 3603:. 3583:: 3544:) 3540:( 3492:) 3488:( 3471:. 3452:. 3325:. 3293:. 3268:. 3032:( 2699:( 2647:i 2635:ā 2629:a 2562:i 2552:e 2448:( 2417:( 2403:. 2386:( 2372:. 2355:( 2341:. 2316:( 2298:? 2281:( 2267:. 2235:( 2203:( 2184:( 2165:( 2146:( 2127:( 2103:( 2079:( 2060:( 2023:( 2005:( 1987:( 1969:( 1951:( 1933:( 1911:( 1889:( 1861:? 1854:( 1851:? 1840:? 1830:? 1823:( 1820:? 1800:? 1793:( 1790:? 1752:( 1738:( 1699:( 1672:( 1647:" 1604:( 1587:) 1581:( 1572:) 1566:( 1546:( 1516:( 1503:( 1474:( 1442:( 1414:( 1391:( 1377:( 1363:( 1349:( 1312:( 1283:( 1254:( 1235:( 1223:( 1220:न 1211:( 1195:( 1181:( 1167:( 1128:( 1108:( 1092:( 1078:( 1039:( 1005:( 975:( 955:( 942:( 926:( 912:( 898:( 636:a 624:. 600:. 545:. 490:. 408:. 332:2 323:1 299:2 295:1 285:. 277:2 258:1 228:2 76:' 70:' 62:( 29:(

Index

grammar
abbreviated
part of speech
inflected
function word
grammatical relations
grammatical aspects
linguistic modality
Polynesian languages
function word
part of speech
classes
articles
prepositions
conjunctions
adverbs
auxiliary verbs
grammatical categories
negation
mood
tense
case
clitics
fillers
discourse markers
inflected
Afrikaans
double negation system
complementiser
genitive

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