310:
that were scattered inward during
Jupiter's and Saturn's gas accretion, and by stony asteroids that were scattered outward by the forming terrestrial planets. The inward scattered icy planetesimals could also deliver water to the terrestrial region. An initially low-mass asteroid belt could have had its orbital eccentricities and inclinations excited by secular resonances if the resonant orbits of Jupiter and Saturn became chaotic before the instability of the Nice model. The eccentricities and inclinations of the asteroid could also be excited during the giant planet instability, reaching the observed levels if it lasted for a few hundred thousand years. Gravitational interactions between the asteroids and embryos in an initially massive asteroid belt would enhance these effects by altering the asteroids semi-major axes, driving many asteroids into unstable orbits where they were removed due to interactions with the planets, resulting in the loss of more than 99% of its mass. Secular resonance sweeping during the dissipation of the gas disk could have excited the orbits of the asteroids and removed many as they spiraled toward the Sun due to gas drag after their eccentricities were excited.
289:
However, this gas would provide a source for accretion, which would affect the growth of
Jupiter and Saturn and their mass ratio. The type of nebula density required for capture in the 3:2 mean-motion resonance is especially dangerous for the survival of the two planets, because it can lead to significant mass growth and ensuing planet-planet scattering. But conditions leading to 2:1 mean-motion resonant systems may also put the planets in danger. Accretion of gas on both planets also tends to reduce the supply toward the inner disk, lowering the accretion rate toward the Sun. This process works to deplete somewhat the disk interior to Jupiter's orbit, weakening the torques on Jupiter arising from inner Lindblad resonances and potentially ending the planets' outward migration.
137:
balance of torques, allowing the planets to migrate outward relative to the disk; the exchange also transferred mass from the outer disk to the inner disk. The transfer of gas to the inner disk also slowed the reduction of the inner disk's mass relative to the outer disk as it accreted onto the Sun, which otherwise would weaken the inner torque, ending the giant planets' outward migration. In the grand tack hypothesis this process is assumed to have reversed the inward migration of the planets when
Jupiter was at 1.5 AU. The outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn continued until they reached a zero-torque configuration within a flared disk, or when the gas disk dissipated. The whole process is presumed to end when Jupiter reached its approximate current orbit.
242:
and could have been driven into the Sun as the debris spiraled inward. The current terrestrial planets would then form from planetesimals left behind when
Jupiter reversed course. However, the migration of close orbiting super-Earths into the Sun could be avoided if the debris coalesced into larger objects, reducing gas drag; and if the protoplanetary disk had an inner cavity, their inward migration could be halted near its edge. If no planets had yet formed in the inner Solar System, the destruction of the larger bodies during the collisional cascade could have left the remaining debris small enough to be pushed outward by the solar wind, which would have been much stronger during the early Solar System, leaving little to form planets inside Mercury's orbit.
326:
have resulted in the formation of large terrestrial planets near this distance leaving
Mercury as a stranded embryo. An early generation of inner planets could have been lost due to catastrophic collisions during an instability, resulting in the debris being ground small enough to be lost due to Poynting-Robertson drag. If planetesimal formation only occurred early, the inner edge of the planetesimal disk might have been located at the silicate condensation line at this time. The formation of planetesimals closer than Mercury's orbit may have required that the magnetic field of the star be aligned with the rotation of the disk, enabling the depletion of the gas so that solid to gas ratios reached values sufficient for
211:
distance from the Sun. Rocky asteroids dominated the inner region, while more primitive and icy asteroids dominated the outer region beyond the ice line. As
Jupiter and Saturn migrate inward, ~15% of the inner asteroids are scattered outward onto orbits beyond Saturn. After reversing course, Jupiter and Saturn first encounter these objects, scattering about 0.5% of the original population back inward onto stable orbits. Later, as Jupiter and Saturn migrate into the outer region, about 0.5% of the primitive asteroids are scattered onto orbits in the outer asteroid belt. The encounters with Jupiter and Saturn leave many of the captured asteroids with large
306:, a small Mars could be the result this process having been less efficient with increasing distances from the Sun. Convergent migration of planetary embryos in the gas disk toward 1 AU would result in the formation of terrestrial planets only near this distance leaving Mars as a stranded embryo. Sweeping secular resonances during the clearing of the gas disk could also excite inclinations and eccentricities, increasing relative velocities so that collisions resulted in fragmentation instead of accretion. A number of these hypotheses could also explain the low mass of the asteroid belt.
20:
259:
after the first solids. The vaporization of these metals requires impacts of greater than 18 km/s, well beyond the maximum of 12.2 km/s in standard accretion models. Jupiter's migration across the asteroid belt increases the eccentricities and inclinations of the asteroids, resulting in a 0.5 Myr period of impact velocities sufficient to vaporize metals. If the formation of CB chondrites was due to
Jupiter's migration it would have occurred 4.5-5 Myrs after the formation of the Solar System.
251:
perturbations from
Jupiter. As these eccentricities are damped by the denser gas disk of recent models, the semi-major axes of the embryos shrink, shifting the peak density of solids inward. For simulations with Jupiter's migration reversing at 1.5 AU, this resulted in the largest terrestrial planet forming near Venus's orbit rather than at Earth's orbit. Simulations that instead reversed Jupiter's migration at 2.0 AU yielded a closer match to the current Solar System.
267:
System. While these encounters enable the orbit of Mars to become decoupled from the other planets and remain on a stable orbit, they can also perturb the disk of material from which the moons of Mars form. These perturbations cause material to escape from the orbit of Mars or to impact on its surface reducing the mass of the disk resulting in the formation of smaller moons.
89:, scattering asteroids outward then inward. The resulting asteroid belt has a small mass, a wide range of inclinations and eccentricities, and a population originating from both inside and outside Jupiter's original orbit. Debris produced by collisions among planetesimals swept ahead of Jupiter may have driven an early generation of planets into the
280:
mean-motion resonance. Capture of
Jupiter and Saturn in the 2:1 mean-motion resonance does not typically reverse the direction of migration, but particular nebula configurations have been identified that may drive outward migration. These configurations, however, tend to excite Jupiter's and Saturn's
309:
A number of hypotheses have also been proposed to explain the orbital eccentricities and inclinations of the asteroids and the low mass of the asteroid belt. If the region of the asteroid belt was initially empty due to few planetesimals forming there it could have been populated by icy planetesimals
275:
Most of the accretion of Mars must have taken place outside the narrow annulus of material formed by the grand tack if Mars has a different composition than Earth and Venus. The planets that grow in the annulus created by the grand tack end with similar compositions. If the grand tack occurred early,
258:
The migration of the giant planets through the asteroid belt creates a spike in impact velocities that could result in the formation of CB chondrites. CB chondrites are metal rich carbonaceous chondrites containing iron/nickel nodules that formed from the crystallization of impact melts 4.8 ±0.3 Myrs
210:
Jupiter and Saturn drive most asteroids from their initial orbits during their migrations, leaving behind an excited remnant derived from both inside and outside
Jupiter's original location. Before Jupiter's migrations the surrounding regions contained asteroids which varied in composition with their
330:
to occur. The formation of super-Earths may require a higher flux of inward drifting pebbles than occurred in the early Solar System. Planetesimals orbiting in a protoplanetary disk closer than 0.6 AU may have eroded away due to a headwind. An early Solar System that was largely depleted of material
241:
follows as the planetesimals' relative velocities became large enough to produce catastrophic impacts. The resulting debris then spirals inward toward the Sun due to drag from the gas disk. If there were super-Earths in the early Solar System, they would have caught much of this debris in resonances
325:
orbit depleted. In a protoplanetary disk that was evolving via a disk wind, planetary embryos could have migrated outward before merging to form planets, leaving the Solar System without planets inside Mercury's orbit. Convergent migration of planetary embryos in the gas disk toward 1 AU would also
297:
Multiple hypotheses have been offered to explain the small mass of Mars. A small Mars may have been a low probability event as it occurs in a small, but non-zero, fraction of simulations that begin with planetesimals distributed across the entire inner Solar System. A small Mars could be the result
254:
When the fragmentation due to hit and run collisions are included in simulations with an early instability the orbits of the terrestrial planets are better produced. The larger numbers of small bodies resulting from these collisions reduce the eccentricities and inclinations of the growing planets
266:
Encounters with other embryos could destabilize a disk orbiting Mars reducing the mass of moons that form around Mars. After Mars is scattered from the annulus by encounters with other planets it continues to have encounters with other objects until the planets clear material from the inner Solar
223:
so that the eccentricity distribution resembles that of the current asteroid belt. Some of the icy asteroids are also left in orbits crossing the region where the terrestrial planets later formed, allowing water to be delivered to the accreting planets as when the icy asteroids collide with them.
288:
The grand tack scenario ignores the ongoing accretion of gas on both Jupiter and Saturn. In fact, to drive outward migration and move the planets to the proximity of their current orbits, the solar nebula had to contain a sufficiently large reservoir of gas around the orbits of the two planets.
136:
exceeding those from the outer disk, and the planets began to migrate outward. The outward migration was able to continue because interactions between the planets allowed gas to stream through the gap. The gas exchanged angular momentum with the planets during its passage, adding to the positive
279:
Later studies have shown that the convergent orbital migration of Jupiter and Saturn in the fading solar nebula is unlikely to establish a 3:2 mean-motion resonance. Instead of supporting a faster runaway migration, nebula conditions lead to a slower migration of Saturn and its capture in a 2:1
3478:
Lambrechts, Michiel; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Jacobson, Seth A.; Johansen, Anders; Bitsch, Bertram; Izidoro, Andre; Raymond, Sean N. (2019). "Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: How the radial pebble flux determines a terrestrial-planet or super-Earth growth mode".
250:
Simulations of the formation of the terrestrial planets using models of the protoplanetary disk that include viscous heating and the migration of the planetary embryos indicate that Jupiter's migration may have reversed at 2.0 AU. In simulations the eccentricities of the embryos are excited by
128:
or runaway migration. Saturn converged on Jupiter and was captured in a 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter during this migration. An overlapping gap in the gas disk then formed around Jupiter and Saturn, altering the balance of forces on these planets which began migrating together. Saturn
262:
The presence of a thick atmosphere around Titan and its absence around Ganymede and Callisto may be due to the timing of their formation relative to the grand tack. If Ganymede and Callisto formed before the grand tack their atmospheres would have been lost as Jupiter moved closer to the Sun.
284:
to values between two and three times as large as their actual values. Also, if the temperature and viscosity of the gas allow Saturn to produce a deeper gap, the resulting net torque can again become negative, resulting in the inward migration of the system.
298:
of its region having been largely empty due to solid material drifting farther inward before the planetesimals formed. Most of the mass could also have been removed from the Mars region before it formed if the giant planet instability described in the
1632:
Clement, Matthew S.; Kaib, Nathan A.; Raymond, Sean N.; Chambers, John E.; Walsh, Kevin J. (2019). "The early instability scenario: Terrestrial planet formation during the giant planet instability, and the effect of collisional fragmentation".
3154:
Ogihara, Masahiro; Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro; Suzuki, Takeru K. (2015). "Formation of terrestrial planets in disks evolving via disk winds and implications for the origin of the solar system's terrestrial planets".
236:
in the Solar System may also be the result of Jupiter's inward migration. As Jupiter migrates inward, planetesimals are captured in its mean-motion resonances, causing their orbits to shrink and their eccentricities to grow. A
255:
orbits via additional collisions and dynamical friction. This also results in a larger fraction of the terrestrial planets mass being concentrated in Venus and Earth and extends their formation times relative to that of Mars.
2043:
Pierens, Arnaud; Raymond, Sean N.; Nesvorny, David; Morbidelli, Alessandro (2014). "Outward Migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 Resonance in Radiative Disks: Implications for the Grand Tack and Nice models".
276:
while the embryo that became Mars was relatively small, a Mars with a differing composition could form if it was instead scattered outward then inward like the asteroids. The chance of this occurring is roughly 2%.
198:) over a period of 60 to 130 million years. Others are scattered outside the band where they are deprived of additional material, slowing their growth, and form the lower-mass terrestrial planets Mars and
3208:
Ogihara, Masahiro; Kokubo, Eiichiro; Suzuki, Takeru K.; Morbidelli, Alessandro (2018). "Formation of the terrestrial planets in the solar system around 1 au via radial concentration of planetesimals".
3340:
Morbidelli, A.; Bitsch, B.; Crida, A.; Gounelle, M.; Guillot, T.; Jacobsen, S.; Johansen, A.; Lambrechts, M.; Lega, E. (2016). "Fossilized condensation lines in the Solar System protoplanetary disk".
1254:
Deienno, Rogerio; Gomes, Rodney S.; Walsh, Kevin J.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Nesvorný, David (2016). "Is the Grand Tack model compatible with the orbital distribution of main belt asteroids?".
321:. If Jupiter's core formed close to the Sun, its outward migration across the inner Solar System could have pushed material outward in its resonances, leaving the region inside
190:, and leaves the Mars region largely empty. Planetary embryos quickly form in the narrow band. Most of these embryos collide and merge to form the larger terrestrial planets (
179:, when begun with planetesimals distributed throughout the inner Solar System. Jupiter's grand tack resolves the Mars problem by limiting the material available to form Mars.
2274:
Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V. (2015). "In-situ Formation of Mars-like Planets – Results from Hundreds of N-body Simulations That Include Collisional Fragmentaion".
920:
Raymond, Sean N.; O'Brien, David P.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Kaib, Nathan A. (2009). "Building the terrestrial planets: Constrained accretion in the inner Solar System".
1307:
O'Brien, David P.; Walsh, Kevin J.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Raymond, Sean N.; Mandell, Avi M. (2014). "Water delivery and giant impacts in the 'Grand Tack' scenario".
528:
Walsh, Kevin J.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Raymond, Sean N.; O'Brien, David P.; Mandell, Avi M. (2011). "A low mass for Mars from Jupiter's early gas-driven migration".
2694:
Raymond, Sean N.; Izidoro, Andre (2017). "Origin of water in the inner Solar System: Planetesimals scattered inward during Jupiter and Saturn's rapid gas accretion".
182:
Jupiter's inward migration alters this distribution of material, driving planetesimals inward to form a narrow dense band with a mix of materials inside 1.0
331:
could have resulted in the formation of small planets that were lost or destroyed in an early instability leaving only Mercury or the formation of only Mercury.
1001:
Carter, Philip J.; Leinhardt, Zoë M.; Elliott, Tim; Walter, Michael J.; Stewart, Sarah T. (2015). "Compositional evolution during rocky protoplanet accretion".
2582:
M. Brož, M.; Chrenko, O.; Nesvorný, D.; Dauphas, N. (2021). "Early terrestrial planet formation by torque-driven convergent migration of planetary embryos".
120:, moving slowly toward the Sun with the gas disk. If uninterrupted, this migration would have left Jupiter in a close orbit around the Sun, similar to
746:
591:
1491:
1425:
381:
2409:
Clement, Matthew S.; Kaib, Nathan A.; Raymond, Sean N.; Walsh, Kevin J. (2018). "Mars' Growth Stunted by an Early Giant Planet Instability".
980:
494:
263:
However, for Titan to avoid Type I migration into Saturn, and for Titan's atmosphere to survive, it must have formed after the grand tack.
340:
3071:"Planetesimal Clearing and Size-dependent Asteroid Retention by Secular Resonance Sweeping during the Depletion of the Solar Nebula"
867:
Pierens, A.; Raymond, S.N. (2011). "Two phase, inward-then-outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in the gaseous solar nebula".
1927:
3730:
1797:
1743:
Heller, R.; Marleau, G.-D; Pudritz, R. E. (2015). "The formation of the Galilean moons and Titan in the Grand Tack scenario".
976:
1362:"Effects of Dynamical Evolution of Giant Planets on the Delivery of Atmophile Elements during Terrestrial Planet Formation"
3262:
2156:
D'Angelo, G.; Marzari, F. (2015). "Sustained Accretion on Gas Giants Surrounded by Low-Turbulence Circumplanetary Disks".
2239:
621:
Morbidelli, Alessandro; Crida, Aurélien (2007). "The dynamics of Jupiter and Saturn in the gaseous protoplanetary disk".
124:
in other planetary systems. Saturn also migrated toward the Sun, but being smaller it migrated faster, undergoing either
2237:
Fischer, R. A.; Ciesla, F. J. (2014). "Dynamics of the terrestrial planets from a large number of N-body simulations".
3593:"Dynamical Avenues for Mercury's Origin. I. The Lone Survivor of a Primordial Generation of Short-period Protoplanets"
2951:
Deienno, Rogerio; Izidoro, Andre; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Gomes, Rodney S.; Nesvorny, David; Raymond, Sean N. (2018).
2866:
Izidoro, Andre; Raymond, Sean N.; Pierens, Arnaud; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Winter, Othon C.; Nesvorny, David (2016).
3725:
2356:
Drążkowska, J.; Alibert, Y.; Moore, B. (2016). "Close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles".
415:
2202:
Chambers, J. E. (2013). "Late-stage planetary accretion including hit-and-run collisions and fragmentation".
443:
2926:
3129:
117:
2815:
125:
683:"Analysis of terrestrial planet formation by the Grand Tack model: System architecture and tack location"
471:
3394:
1954:"Capture and migration of Jupiter and Saturn in mean motion resonance in a gaseous protoplanetary disc"
1203:
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occurred early. If most of the growth of planetesimals and embryos into terrestrial planets was due to
1995:
Griveaud, P.; Crida A.; Lega E. (2023). "Migration of pairs of giant planets in low-viscosity discs".
1873:
Brasser, R.; Mojzsis, S. J.; Matsumura, S.; Ida, S. (2017). "The cool and distant formation of Mars".
814:
D'Angelo, G.; Marzari, F. (2012). "Outward Migration of Jupiter and Saturn in Evolved Gaseous Disks".
389:
1003:
110:
3287:
Volk, Kathryn; Gladman, Brett (2015). "Consolidating and Crushing Exoplanets: Did It Happen Here?".
2488:
2179:
Marzari, F.; D'Angelo, G. (2013). "Mass Growth and Evolution of Giant Planets on Resonant Orbits".
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partially cleared its part of the gap reducing the torque exerted on Jupiter by the outer disk.
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596:
350:
2953:"The excitation of a primordial cold asteroid belt as an outcome of the planetary instability"
3715:
3652:"Dynamical Avenues for Mercury's Origin. II. In Situ Formation in the Inner Terrestrial Disk"
327:
3532:
Cedenblad, Lukas; Schaffer, Noemi; Johansen, Anders; Mehlig, B.; Mitra, Dhrubaditya (2021).
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2018:
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The net torque on the planets then became positive, with the torques generated by the inner
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disk is truncated at 1.0 AU by Jupiter's migration, limiting the material available to form
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2512:"Growing the terrestrial planets from the gradual accumulation of sub-meter sized objects"
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Jupiter underwent a two-phase migration after its formation, migrating inward to 1.5
19:
8:
3720:
2299:"Terrestrial planet formation constrained by Mars and the structure of the asteroid belt"
678:
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1688:"Timing of the formation and migration of giant planets as constrained by CB chondrites"
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Hansen, Brad M.S. (2009). "Formation of the Terrestrial planets from a narrow annulus".
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before reversing course and migrating outward. Jupiter's formation took place near the
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742:"Reversing type II migration: Resonance trapping of a lighter giant protoplanet"
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Izidoro, André; Raymond, Sean N.; Morbidelli, Alessandro; Winter, Othon C. (2015).
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3421:"The Influence of Magnetic Field Geometry on the Formation of Close-in Exoplanets"
3239:
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2026:
1774:
1524:"Did Jupiter's core form in the innermost parts of the Sun's protoplanetary disc?"
898:
3371:
3012:"Excitation and Depletion of the Asteroid Belt in the Early Instability Scenario"
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Johnson, B. C.; Walsh, K. J.; Minton, D. A.; Krot, A. N.; Levison, H. F. (2016).
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62:, eventually halting near its current orbit at 5.2 AU. The reversal of Jupiter's
2510:
Levison, Harold F.; Kretke, Katherine A.; Walsh, Kevin; Bottke, William (2015).
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1492:"Wandering Jupiter swept away super-Earths, creating our unusual Solar System"
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Raymond, Sean N.; Izidoro, Andre; Bitsch, Bertram; Jacobsen, Seth A. (2016).
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86:
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1980:
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219:. These may be reduced during the giant planet instability described in the
2800:
2782:
2637:"Terrestrial planet formation: Dynamical shake-up and the low mass of Mars"
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planet in its region, much larger than the actual mass of Mars: 0.107
78:
54:, then migrated inward to 1.5 AU, before reversing course due to capturing
27:
2099:"Circumstellar Dust Distribution in Systems with Two Planets in Resonance"
1575:"The Primordial Solar Wind as a Sculptor of Terrestrial Planet Formation"
760:
314:
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Several hypotheses have also been offered for the lack of close orbiting
233:
145:
The hypothesis can be applied to multiple phenomena in the Solar System.
121:
2342:
592:"New research suggests solar system may have once harbored super-Earths"
561:
495:"New research suggests Solar system may have once harbored super-Earths"
355:
299:
220:
171:
162:
1421:"Jupiter's decisive role in the inner Solar System's early evolution"
472:"Jupiter's 'Smashing' Migration May Explain Our Oddball Solar System"
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Zheng, Xiaochen; Lin, Douglas N. C.; Kouwenhoven, M. B. N. (2017).
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2009:
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1084:"Lunar and terrestrial planet formation in the Grand Tack scenario"
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67:
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Clement, Matthew S.; Chambers, John E.; Jackson, Alan P. (2021).
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23:
2868:"The Asteroid Belt as a Relic From a Chaotic Early Solar System"
2042:
919:
3531:
3010:
Clement, Matthew S.; Raymond, Sean N.; Kaib, Nathan A. (2019).
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1928:"Mars may not have been born alongside the other rocky planets"
157:
is a conflict between some simulations of the formation of the
55:
3153:
2842:"Where did Earth's (and the asteroid belt's) water come from?"
2296:
2096:
3339:
3207:
2950:
2581:
2489:"Scientists predict that rocky planets formed from "pebbles""
322:
195:
191:
1798:"Hold on to Your Moons! Ice, Atmospheres and the Grand Tack"
1521:
1000:
977:"Ripping apart asteroids to account for Earth's strangeness"
1253:
385:
82:
1872:
1631:
676:
1824:"A dynamical context for the origin of Phobos and Deimos"
90:
51:
2509:
1075:
2408:
2178:
2155:
1994:
813:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
616:
614:
116:
After clearing a gap in the gas disk Jupiter underwent
3590:
2355:
1685:
1360:
Matsumura, Soko; Brasser, Ramon; Ida, Shigeru (2016).
1081:
733:
2687:
2267:
1412:
140:
3333:
2740:
2349:
2236:
2172:
2149:
1742:
1517:
1515:
860:
794:
677:
Brasser, R.; Matsumura, S.; Ida, S.; Mojzsis, S.J.;
672:
670:
611:
3525:
3471:
3068:
2628:
1490:University of California Santa Cruz Press Release.
1359:
1353:
382:"Jupiter's Youthful Travels Redefined Solar System"
3643:
3584:
3009:
3003:
2402:
1625:
3534:"Planetesimals on Eccentric Orbits Erode Rapidly"
3280:
3263:"Mercury Sole Survivor of Close Orbiting Planets"
3201:
3147:
2944:
2859:
2577:
2575:
2303:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2290:
1958:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1866:
1828:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1679:
1528:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1512:
1247:
913:
747:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
667:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
3707:
2918:
1736:
1300:
994:
739:
3062:
2635:Bromley, Benjamin C.; Kenyon, Scott J. (2017).
2491:. Southwest Research Institute. 26 October 2015
2273:
2097:Marzari, F.; D’Angelo, G.; Picogna, G. (2019).
2038:
2036:
1426:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1418:
968:
620:
3650:Clement, Matthew S.; Chamber, John E. (2021).
3649:
2746:
2693:
2572:
2276:American Astronomical Society, DPS Meeting #47
2181:American Astronomical Society, DPS Meeting #45
2158:American Astronomical Society, DPS Meeting #47
1566:
1195:
866:
512:
486:
3121:
2833:
2807:
2634:
2503:
2455:
1988:
1945:
1054:
1052:
409:
407:
373:
2195:
2090:
2033:
1419:Batygin, Konstantin; Laughlin, Greg (2015).
1221:
1082:Jacobson, S. A.; Morbidelli, A., A. (2014).
3386:
3286:
2924:
2816:"The asteroid belt: a cosmic refugee camp?"
2230:
1919:
1815:
1789:
1483:
1202:Davidsson, Dr. Björn J. R. (9 March 2014).
1142:
974:
584:
435:
341:Formation and evolution of the Solar System
3412:
1049:
492:
404:
16:Theory of early changes in Jupiter's orbit
3685:
3667:
3626:
3608:
3567:
3549:
3492:
3454:
3436:
3353:
3300:
3254:
3221:
3168:
3104:
3086:
3045:
3027:
2986:
2968:
2901:
2883:
2790:
2764:
2747:Raymond, Sean N.; Izidoro, Andre (2017).
2707:
2670:
2652:
2595:
2555:
2545:
2527:
2481:
2422:
2369:
2332:
2314:
2132:
2114:
2057:
2008:
1979:
1969:
1886:
1857:
1839:
1756:
1719:
1646:
1608:
1590:
1572:
1557:
1539:
1466:
1456:
1438:
1395:
1377:
1320:
1267:
1201:
1162:
1125:
1099:
1016:
935:
880:
827:
777:
759:
716:
698:
634:
543:
444:"How Did Jupiter Shape Our Solar System?"
2927:"Modest chaos in the early solar system"
2201:
1951:
463:
18:
3130:"Did the Solar System form inside-out?"
3127:
2839:
2813:
2461:
1227:
441:
3708:
3392:
1925:
1821:
1795:
1148:
413:
227:
3418:
3395:"Why is Mercury so far from the Sun?"
379:
270:
245:
2749:"The empty primordial asteroid belt"
975:Lichtenberg, Tim (2 November 2015).
469:
2814:Raymond, Sean (13 September 2017).
2240:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1875:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
740:Masset, F.; Snellgrove, M. (2001).
13:
3393:Hammer, Michael (12 August 2016).
3128:Raymond, Sean (21 February 2016).
2925:Lichtenberg, Tim (November 2016).
493:Fesenmaier, Kimm (23 March 2015).
470:Choi, Charles Q. (23 March 2015).
416:"Our "New, Improved" Solar System"
141:Scope of the grand tack hypothesis
74:) as it travels against the wind.
14:
3742:
3425:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
3289:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2872:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2046:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1579:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1058:
414:Beatty, Kelly (16 October 2010).
3260:
1204:"Mysteries of the asteroid belt"
779:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04159.x
205:
1573:Spaulding, Christopher (2018).
1228:Raymond, Sean (2 August 2013).
1208:The History of the Solar System
442:Sanders, Ray (23 August 2011).
292:
148:
1822:Hansen, Bradley M. S. (2018).
1063:. Southwest Research Institute
232:The absence of close orbiting
161:which end with a 0.5–1.0
96:
1:
3731:Solar System dynamic theories
2840:Raymond, Sean (5 July 2017).
2462:Raymond, Sean (29 May 2018).
1926:Sumner, Thomas (5 May 2017).
1796:Wilson, David (9 June 2015).
366:
3481:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3372:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.027
3210:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3157:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2726:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.06.030
2441:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.04.008
2358:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2224:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.015
1997:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1745:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1665:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.033
1500:. Pole Star Publications Ltd
1339:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.009
1286:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.043
1181:10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/1131
954:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.016
869:Astronomy & Astrophysics
653:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.001
85:. Jupiter twice crosses the
66:is likened to the path of a
46:formed at a distance of 3.5
7:
3511:10.1051/0004-6361/201834229
3456:10.3847/2041-8205/827/2/L37
3319:10.1088/2041-8205/806/2/L26
3240:10.1051/0004-6361/201832654
3187:10.1051/0004-6361/201525636
3106:10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/207
2388:10.1051/0004-6361/201628983
2076:10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L11
2027:10.1051/0004-6361/202245208
1775:10.1051/0004-6361/201526348
899:10.1051/0004-6361/201117451
334:
10:
3747:
2903:10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/40
2614:10.1038/s41550-021-01383-3
2261:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.011
1952:Chametla, Raul O. (2020).
1905:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.005
1397:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/15
1035:10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/72
846:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/50
718:10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/75
113:, at roughly 3.5 AU.
3538:The Astrophysical Journal
3075:The Astrophysical Journal
2957:The Astrophysical Journal
1366:The Astrophysical Journal
1151:The Astrophysical Journal
1004:The Astrophysical Journal
816:The Astrophysical Journal
687:The Astrophysical Journal
3687:10.3847/1538-3881/abfb6c
3656:The Astronomical Journal
3628:10.3847/1538-3881/abf09f
3597:The Astronomical Journal
3569:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1e88
3047:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf21e
3016:The Astronomical Journal
2988:10.3847/1538-4357/aad55d
2672:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6aaa
2641:The Astronomical Journal
2134:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf3b6
2103:The Astronomical Journal
1610:10.3847/2041-8213/aaf478
346:Jumping-Jupiter scenario
3726:Astronomical hypotheses
3503:2019A&A...627A..83L
3232:2018A&A...612L...5O
3179:2015A&A...579A..65O
2547:10.1073/pnas.1513364112
2464:"Mars' growth stunted!"
2380:2016A&A...594A.105D
2253:2014E&PSL.392...28F
2019:2023A&A...672A.190G
1897:2017E&PSL.468...85B
1767:2015A&A...579L...4H
1458:10.1073/pnas.1423252112
891:2011A&A...533A.131P
328:streaming instabilities
2783:10.1126/sciadv.1701138
2109:(2): id. 45 (12 pp.).
1712:10.1126/sciadv.1601658
1118:10.1098/rsta.2013.0174
1088:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
380:Zubritsky, Elizabeth.
351:Late Heavy Bombardment
317:and the small mass of
118:type II migration
31:
26:might have shaped the
3419:Simon, Jacob (2016).
3267:Astrobiology Magazine
2334:10.1093/mnras/stv1835
2183:. id.113.04: 113.04.
2160:. id.418.06: 418.06.
1981:10.1093/mnras/staa260
1859:10.1093/mnras/stx3361
126:type I migration
103:grand tack hypothesis
70:changing directions (
40:grand tack hypothesis
22:
1559:10.1093/mnras/stw431
282:orbital eccentricity
3678:2021AJ....162....3C
3619:2021AJ....161..240C
3560:2021ApJ...921..123C
3447:2016ApJ...827L..37S
3364:2016Icar..267..368M
3311:2015ApJ...806L..26V
3261:Redd, Nola Taylor.
3097:2017ApJ...836..207Z
3038:2019AJ....157...38C
2979:2018ApJ...864...50D
2894:2016ApJ...833...40I
2775:2017SciA....3E1138R
2718:2017Icar..297..134R
2663:2017AJ....153..216B
2606:2021NatAs...5..898B
2538:2015PNAS..11214180L
2522:(46): 14180–14185.
2433:2018Icar..311..340C
2325:2015MNRAS.453.3619I
2284:2015DPS....4750706B
2278:. #507.06: 507.06.
2216:2013Icar..224...43C
2189:2013DPS....4511304M
2166:2015DPS....4741806D
2125:2019AJ....157...45M
2068:2014ApJ...795L..11P
1850:2018MNRAS.475.2452H
1704:2016SciA....2E1658J
1657:2019Icar..321..778C
1601:2018ApJ...869L..17S
1550:2016MNRAS.458.2962R
1449:2015PNAS..112.4214B
1388:2016ApJ...818...15M
1331:2014Icar..239...74O
1278:2016Icar..272..114D
1173:2009ApJ...703.1131H
1110:2014RSPTA.37230174J
1027:2015ApJ...813...72C
946:2009Icar..203..644R
838:2012ApJ...757...50D
770:2001MNRAS.320L..55M
709:2016ApJ...821...75B
645:2007Icar..191..158M
562:10.1038/nature10201
554:2011Natur.475..206W
421:Sky & Telescope
361:Planetary migration
239:collisional cascade
228:Absent super-Earths
159:terrestrial planets
134:Lindblad resonances
64:planetary migration
36:planetary astronomy
822:(1): 50 (23 pp.).
271:Potential problems
246:Later developments
32:
1433:(14): 4214–4217.
538:(7355): 206–209.
60:orbital resonance
30:on its grand tack
3738:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3671:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3612:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3553:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3496:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3440:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3357:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3304:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3172:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3090:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3031:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2972:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2905:
2887:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2768:
2753:Science Advances
2744:
2738:
2737:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2656:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2599:
2584:Nature Astronomy
2579:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2531:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2426:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2373:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2318:
2309:(4): 3619–3634.
2294:
2288:
2287:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2118:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2061:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2012:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1973:
1964:(4): 6007–6018.
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1890:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1843:
1834:(2): 2452–2466.
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1760:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1698:(12): e1601658.
1692:Science Advances
1683:
1677:
1676:
1650:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1594:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1543:
1534:(3): 2962–2972.
1519:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1442:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1381:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1324:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1271:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1230:"The Grand Tack"
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1166:
1157:(1): 1131–1140.
1146:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1103:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1061:"The Grand Tack"
1056:
1047:
1046:
1020:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
939:
917:
911:
910:
884:
864:
858:
857:
831:
811:
792:
791:
781:
763:
761:astro-ph/0003421
737:
731:
730:
720:
702:
674:
665:
664:
638:
618:
609:
608:
606:
604:
588:
582:
581:
547:
525:
510:
509:
507:
505:
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
411:
402:
401:
399:
397:
388:. Archived from
377:
304:pebble accretion
188:
187:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3648:
3644:
3589:
3585:
3530:
3526:
3476:
3472:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3391:
3387:
3338:
3334:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3259:
3255:
3206:
3202:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3126:
3122:
3067:
3063:
3008:
3004:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2923:
2919:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2812:
2808:
2759:(9): e1701138.
2745:
2741:
2692:
2688:
2633:
2629:
2580:
2573:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2460:
2456:
2407:
2403:
2354:
2350:
2295:
2291:
2272:
2268:
2235:
2231:
2200:
2196:
2177:
2173:
2154:
2150:
2095:
2091:
2041:
2034:
1993:
1989:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1924:
1920:
1871:
1867:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1741:
1737:
1684:
1680:
1630:
1626:
1571:
1567:
1520:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1417:
1413:
1358:
1354:
1305:
1301:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1147:
1143:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1050:
999:
995:
985:
983:
973:
969:
918:
914:
865:
861:
812:
795:
738:
734:
675:
668:
619:
612:
602:
600:
590:
589:
585:
526:
513:
503:
501:
491:
487:
477:
475:
468:
464:
454:
452:
440:
436:
426:
424:
412:
405:
395:
393:
392:on 1 March 2017
378:
374:
369:
337:
295:
273:
248:
230:
208:
185:
184:
177:
174:
168:
165:
151:
143:
99:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3702:
3701:
3642:
3583:
3524:
3470:
3411:
3385:
3332:
3279:
3253:
3200:
3146:
3120:
3061:
3002:
2943:
2917:
2858:
2832:
2806:
2739:
2686:
2627:
2590:(9): 898–902.
2571:
2502:
2480:
2454:
2401:
2348:
2289:
2266:
2229:
2194:
2171:
2148:
2089:
2032:
1987:
1944:
1918:
1865:
1814:
1788:
1735:
1678:
1624:
1565:
1511:
1482:
1411:
1352:
1299:
1246:
1220:
1194:
1141:
1074:
1059:Walsh, Kevin.
1048:
993:
967:
930:(2): 644–662.
912:
859:
793:
754:(4): L55–L59.
732:
666:
629:(1): 158–171.
610:
583:
511:
485:
462:
449:Universe Today
434:
403:
371:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
336:
333:
294:
291:
272:
269:
247:
244:
229:
226:
213:eccentricities
207:
204:
175:
172:
166:
163:
155:"Mars problem"
150:
147:
142:
139:
98:
95:
42:proposes that
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3743:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3516:
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2100:
2093:
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2077:
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2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
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1933:
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1497:Astronomy Now
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1128:
1123:
1119:
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1107:
1102:
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1094:(2024): 174.
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
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1005:
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771:
767:
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749:
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743:
736:
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724:
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684:
680:
673:
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541:
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283:
277:
268:
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240:
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222:
218:
214:
206:Asteroid belt
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
178:
169:
160:
156:
146:
138:
135:
130:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
94:
92:
88:
87:asteroid belt
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
29:
25:
21:
3716:Solar System
3659:
3655:
3645:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3398:
3388:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3256:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3134:PlanetPlanet
3133:
3123:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:
2920:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2846:planetplanet
2845:
2835:
2825:14 September
2823:. Retrieved
2820:planetplanet
2819:
2809:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2587:
2583:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2468:planetplanet
2467:
2457:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2343:11449/177633
2306:
2302:
2292:
2275:
2269:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2210:(1): 43–56.
2207:
2203:
2197:
2180:
2174:
2157:
2151:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2049:
2045:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1932:Science News
1931:
1921:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1791:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1531:
1527:
1502:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1430:
1424:
1414:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1234:PlanetPlanet
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1008:
1002:
996:
984:. Retrieved
970:
927:
921:
915:
872:
868:
862:
819:
815:
751:
745:
735:
690:
686:
679:Werner, S.C.
626:
622:
601:. Retrieved
597:Astrobiology
595:
586:
535:
529:
502:. Retrieved
488:
476:. Retrieved
465:
453:. Retrieved
447:
437:
425:. Retrieved
419:
394:. Retrieved
390:the original
375:
312:
308:
296:
293:Alternatives
287:
278:
274:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
234:super-Earths
231:
217:inclinations
209:
181:
154:
152:
149:Mars problem
144:
131:
122:hot Jupiters
115:
102:
100:
79:planetesimal
76:
39:
33:
28:Solar System
3404:29 November
3348:: 368–376.
3139:23 February
2936:21 November
2702:: 134–148.
2495:22 November
2417:: 340–356.
1807:20 November
1641:: 778–790.
1262:: 114–124.
474:. Space.com
315:super-Earth
97:Description
3721:Hypotheses
3710:Categories
3669:2104.11252
3610:2104.11246
3603:(5): 240.
3551:2011.14431
3544:(2): 123.
3494:1902.08694
3438:1608.00573
3431:(2): L37.
3399:astrobites
3355:1511.06556
3302:1502.06558
3295:(2): L26.
3272:14 January
3223:1804.02361
3170:1505.01086
3088:1610.09670
3081:(2): 207.
3029:1811.07916
2970:1808.00609
2931:astrobites
2885:1609.04970
2766:1709.04242
2709:1707.01234
2654:1703.10618
2647:(5): 216.
2597:2109.11385
2529:1510.02095
2473:31 January
2424:1804.04233
2371:1607.05734
2316:1508.01365
2116:1812.07698
2052:(1): L11.
2010:2303.04652
1971:2001.09235
1888:1704.00184
1841:1801.07775
1802:astrobites
1758:1506.01024
1648:1812.07590
1592:1811.11697
1585:(1): L17.
1541:1602.06573
1504:3 November
1440:1503.06945
1379:1512.08182
1269:1701.02775
1239:7 November
1213:7 November
1067:6 November
1018:1509.07504
986:6 November
981:Astrobites
700:1603.01009
603:5 November
504:5 November
478:4 November
455:4 November
427:4 November
396:4 November
367:References
356:Nice model
300:Nice model
221:Nice model
3696:233388200
3637:233387902
3578:238227254
3519:119470314
3465:118420788
3327:118052299
3195:119110384
3115:119260501
3056:119495020
3022:(1): 38.
2997:118947612
2963:(1): 50.
2912:118486946
2878:(1): 40.
2734:119031134
2681:119446914
2622:236317507
2247:: 28–38.
2143:119454927
2084:118417097
2059:1410.0543
1881:: 85–93.
1783:119211657
1673:119063847
1619:119382211
1406:119205579
1372:(1): 15.
1322:1407.3290
1315:: 74–84.
1294:119054790
1164:0908.0743
1101:1406.2697
1011:(1): 72.
937:0905.3750
882:1107.5656
854:118587166
829:1207.2737
788:119442503
727:119207767
693:(2): 75.
636:0704.1210
545:1201.5177
50:from the
3662:(1): 3.
3380:54642403
3248:54494720
2801:28924609
2566:26512109
2449:53070809
2396:55846864
2364:: A105.
2003:: A190.
1913:15171917
1730:27957541
1477:25831540
1347:51737711
1189:14226690
1136:25114304
1043:53354566
962:15578957
907:67818537
875:: A131.
681:(2016).
661:17672873
570:21642961
335:See also
111:ice line
68:sailboat
3674:Bibcode
3615:Bibcode
3556:Bibcode
3499:Bibcode
3487:: 627.
3443:Bibcode
3360:Bibcode
3307:Bibcode
3228:Bibcode
3175:Bibcode
3163:: A65.
3093:Bibcode
3034:Bibcode
2975:Bibcode
2890:Bibcode
2792:5597311
2771:Bibcode
2714:Bibcode
2659:Bibcode
2602:Bibcode
2557:4655528
2534:Bibcode
2429:Bibcode
2376:Bibcode
2321:Bibcode
2280:Bibcode
2249:Bibcode
2212:Bibcode
2185:Bibcode
2162:Bibcode
2121:Bibcode
2064:Bibcode
2015:Bibcode
1937:23 June
1893:Bibcode
1846:Bibcode
1763:Bibcode
1721:5148210
1700:Bibcode
1653:Bibcode
1597:Bibcode
1546:Bibcode
1468:4394287
1445:Bibcode
1384:Bibcode
1327:Bibcode
1274:Bibcode
1169:Bibcode
1127:4128261
1106:Bibcode
1023:Bibcode
942:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
834:Bibcode
766:Bibcode
705:Bibcode
641:Bibcode
578:4431823
550:Bibcode
499:Caltech
323:Venus's
319:Mercury
200:Mercury
101:In the
72:tacking
44:Jupiter
24:Jupiter
3694:
3635:
3576:
3517:
3463:
3378:
3342:Icarus
3325:
3246:
3216:: L5.
3193:
3113:
3054:
2995:
2910:
2851:7 July
2799:
2789:
2732:
2696:Icarus
2679:
2620:
2564:
2554:
2447:
2411:Icarus
2394:
2204:Icarus
2141:
2082:
1911:
1781:
1751:: L4.
1728:
1718:
1671:
1635:Icarus
1617:
1475:
1465:
1404:
1345:
1309:Icarus
1292:
1256:Icarus
1187:
1134:
1124:
1041:
960:
923:Icarus
905:
852:
786:
725:
659:
623:Icarus
576:
568:
531:Nature
58:in an
56:Saturn
38:, the
3692:S2CID
3664:arXiv
3633:S2CID
3605:arXiv
3574:S2CID
3546:arXiv
3515:S2CID
3489:arXiv
3461:S2CID
3433:arXiv
3376:S2CID
3350:arXiv
3323:S2CID
3297:arXiv
3244:S2CID
3218:arXiv
3191:S2CID
3165:arXiv
3111:S2CID
3083:arXiv
3052:S2CID
3024:arXiv
2993:S2CID
2965:arXiv
2908:S2CID
2880:arXiv
2761:arXiv
2730:S2CID
2704:arXiv
2677:S2CID
2649:arXiv
2618:S2CID
2592:arXiv
2524:arXiv
2445:S2CID
2419:arXiv
2392:S2CID
2366:arXiv
2311:arXiv
2139:S2CID
2111:arXiv
2080:S2CID
2054:arXiv
2005:arXiv
1966:arXiv
1909:S2CID
1883:arXiv
1836:arXiv
1779:S2CID
1753:arXiv
1669:S2CID
1643:arXiv
1615:S2CID
1587:arXiv
1536:arXiv
1435:arXiv
1402:S2CID
1374:arXiv
1343:S2CID
1317:arXiv
1290:S2CID
1264:arXiv
1185:S2CID
1159:arXiv
1096:arXiv
1039:S2CID
1013:arXiv
958:S2CID
932:arXiv
903:S2CID
877:arXiv
850:S2CID
824:arXiv
784:S2CID
756:arXiv
723:S2CID
695:arXiv
657:S2CID
631:arXiv
574:S2CID
540:arXiv
196:Earth
192:Venus
3406:2016
3274:2017
3141:2016
2938:2016
2853:2017
2827:2017
2797:PMID
2562:PMID
2516:PNAS
2497:2015
2475:2019
1939:2017
1809:2016
1726:PMID
1506:2015
1473:PMID
1241:2015
1215:2015
1132:PMID
1069:2015
988:2015
605:2015
566:PMID
506:2015
480:2015
457:2015
429:2015
398:2015
386:NASA
215:and
194:and
153:The
83:Mars
77:The
3682:doi
3660:162
3623:doi
3601:161
3564:doi
3542:921
3507:doi
3485:A83
3451:doi
3429:827
3368:doi
3346:267
3315:doi
3293:806
3236:doi
3214:612
3183:doi
3161:579
3101:doi
3079:836
3042:doi
3020:157
2983:doi
2961:864
2898:doi
2876:833
2787:PMC
2779:doi
2722:doi
2700:297
2667:doi
2645:153
2610:doi
2552:PMC
2542:doi
2520:112
2437:doi
2415:311
2384:doi
2362:594
2339:hdl
2329:doi
2307:453
2257:doi
2245:392
2220:doi
2208:224
2129:doi
2107:157
2072:doi
2050:795
2023:doi
2001:672
1976:doi
1962:492
1901:doi
1879:468
1854:doi
1832:475
1771:doi
1749:579
1716:PMC
1708:doi
1661:doi
1639:321
1605:doi
1583:869
1554:doi
1532:458
1463:PMC
1453:doi
1431:112
1392:doi
1370:818
1335:doi
1313:239
1282:doi
1260:272
1177:doi
1155:703
1122:PMC
1114:doi
1092:372
1031:doi
1009:813
950:doi
928:203
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873:533
842:doi
820:757
774:doi
752:320
713:doi
691:821
649:doi
627:191
558:doi
536:475
91:Sun
52:Sun
34:In
3712::
3690:.
3680:.
3672:.
3658:.
3654:.
3631:.
3621:.
3613:.
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3562:.
3554:.
3540:.
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3513:.
3505:.
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3483:.
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3449:.
3441:.
3427:.
3423:.
3397:.
3374:.
3366:.
3358:.
3344:.
3321:.
3313:.
3305:.
3291:.
3265:.
3242:.
3234:.
3226:.
3212:.
3189:.
3181:.
3173:.
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