40:
31:
65:
304:
Adults typically visit flowers and hold their wings together while feeding. Hesperiinae are unique in that they hold their wings partially open while resting, with the forewings and hindwings held at different angles. This is known as the "jet-plane position". Most male grass skippers perch to await
277:
They are usually orange, rust, or brown in colour and have pointed forewings. Many species have dark markings or black stigmas on their forewings. Most members of this subfamily have an oval antenna club with an
308:
Adults are strong fliers; they move quickly and usually in a linear direction. Some of the species, however, do flutter and these species patrol for females rather than perch.
929:
Oviposition
Selection by a Rare Grass Skipper, Polites mardon, in Montane Habitats: Advancing Ecological Understanding for Developing Conservation Strategies
984:
927:
172:
1190:
258:, this is the largest skipper butterfly subfamily and occurs worldwide except in New Zealand. About 50 percent of grass skippers live in the
207:
157:
1004:
212:
192:
880:
Immature stages of the skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera: hesperiidae) of the United States : biology, morphology, and descriptions
197:
1164:
777:
1169:
602:
Li, Wenlin; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Zhang, Jing; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Grishin, Nick V. (26 March 2019).
953:
861:
827:
802:
752:
727:
39:
1130:
1195:
1143:
507:
Threatened (Canada), Endangered (USA state WI), Threatened (USA state IA, MI), Species of
Concern (USA state MN)
910:
690:
Cong, Qian; Zhang, Jing; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2019). "Fifty new genera of
Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)".
1177:
30:
1076:
64:
243:
141:
967:
424:
359:
1208:
455:
Threatened (Canada), Endangered (Canada province MB), Federal
Candidate (USA), Vulnerable (ICUN)
390:
Endangered (USA states IL, NJ, NY), Threatened (USA state MN), Species of
Concern (USA state IA)
1029:
489:
1001:
1203:
1067:
262:. 137 species are native to North America. Around 38 species are native to Australia. Genera
1231:
615:
372:
8:
878:
481:
Endangered (Canada), Threatened (Canada province MB), Threatened (USA states (IL, MI, MN)
403:
G2 Imperiled (Global), S2 Imperiled, Species of
Greatest Conservation Need (USA state FL)
398:
239:
126:
619:
638:
603:
579:
59:
562:
1112:
906:
857:
823:
798:
773:
748:
723:
643:
584:
528:
502:
1117:
1081:
633:
623:
574:
450:
346:
1018:
563:"Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)"
279:
1008:
851:
385:
284:
1182:
990:
1138:
1125:
768:
Kükenthal, Willy (1999). Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Kristensen, Niels P. (eds.).
476:
463:
437:
411:
333:
217:
162:
604:"Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns"
1225:
1052:
692:
628:
987:: Preliminary species list. Version of 6 April 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
647:
588:
515:
996:
665:
1151:
1091:
1061:
793:
Kitching, R.L.; Scheermeyer, E.; Jones, R.E.; Pierce, N.E., eds. (1999).
202:
116:
52:
1104:
298:
259:
187:
177:
1156:
271:
96:
76:
1023:
747:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. p. 480.
1099:
1046:
1012:
561:
Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Grishin, Nick (2022-03-14).
182:
853:
The
Butterflies of North America A Natural History and Field Guide
797:. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 71.
255:
167:
743:
Boggs, Carol L.; Watt, Ward B.; Ehrlich, Paul R., eds. (2003).
297:
Hesperiinae larvae feed on many different types of grasses and
290:
106:
86:
792:
935:(PhD). Washington State University Vancouver. pp. 40–41
722:. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications, Inc. p. 9.
772:. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 274.
242:
family, Hesperiidae. The subfamily was established by
985:
468:
Endangered (USA state WA & Federal
Candidate USA)
316:
The following grass skippers are considered at risk.
689:
560:
905:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 302.
770:VOLUME 1: EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATICS, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
903:Kaufman Focus Guides Butterflies of North America
614:(13). Supporting Information: Appendix pp.10–24.
294:do not. The antennae generally has a sharp bend.
1223:
991:Reference photographs: Skippers of North America
822:. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 274.
742:
745:Butterflies Ecology and Evolution Taking Flight
608:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
601:
249:
856:. Stanford University Press. p. 424-425.
301:and palms, though some species are limited.
900:
817:
38:
29:
811:
767:
713:
711:
709:
707:
637:
627:
578:
883:(PhD). University of Florida. p. 18
845:
843:
841:
839:
761:
663:
786:
717:
556:
554:
552:
1224:
704:
595:
1028:
1027:
925:
919:
901:Brock, Jim P.; Kaufman, Kenn (2003).
894:
876:
870:
849:
836:
664:Brower, Andrew V.Z.; Warren, Andrew.
659:
657:
1144:8ac96bbb-7a73-43c9-9fc1-d09a732f66e1
736:
549:
820:Lepidoptera, moths, and butterflies
13:
654:
14:
1243:
978:
795:Biology of Australian Butterflies
234:are butterflies of the subfamily
494:Threatened (USA Federal listing)
429:Endangered (USA Federal listing)
416:Endangered (USA Federal listing)
63:
960:
946:
373:White-banded grass-dart skipper
311:
683:
1:
818:Kristensen, Niels P. (1999).
542:
720:Butterflies of the Carolinas
670:The Tree of Life Web Project
666:"Hesperiinae Latreille 1809"
250:Description and distribution
7:
10:
1248:
954:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
718:Daniels, Jaret C. (2003).
254:With over 2,000 described
1036:
926:Beyer, Loni Jean (2009).
442:Threatened (US state (MI)
360:Orange grass-dart skipper
270:exist exclusively in the
154:
149:
60:Scientific classification
58:
46:
37:
28:
23:
850:Scott, James A. (1986).
533:Threatened (Mexico, USA)
520:Endangered (US state DE)
425:Carson wandering skipper
16:Subfamily of butterflies
877:Minno, Marc C. (1994).
629:10.1073/pnas.1821304116
993:Cirrus Digital Imaging
490:Pawnee montane skipper
334:Silver spotted skipper
244:Pierre André Latreille
1204:Paleobiology Database
503:Poweshiek skipperling
282:on the tip, although
1139:Fauna Europaea (new)
338:Rare, Protected (UK)
620:2019PNAS..116.6232L
1007:2012-02-11 at the
1219:
1218:
1030:Taxon identifiers
779:9-783-11015-704-8
540:
539:
529:Wandering skipper
225:
224:
145:
1239:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1198:
1186:
1185:
1183:NHMSYS0000502854
1173:
1172:
1160:
1159:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1025:
1024:
972:
971:
968:"Publish Online"
964:
958:
957:
950:
944:
943:
941:
940:
934:
923:
917:
916:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
874:
868:
867:
847:
834:
833:
815:
809:
808:
790:
784:
783:
765:
759:
758:
740:
734:
733:
715:
702:
701:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
661:
652:
651:
641:
631:
599:
593:
592:
582:
558:
347:Lulworth skipper
319:
318:
140:
68:
67:
42:
33:
21:
20:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1032:
1009:Wayback Machine
981:
976:
975:
966:
965:
961:
952:
951:
947:
938:
936:
932:
924:
920:
913:
899:
895:
886:
884:
875:
871:
864:
848:
837:
830:
816:
812:
805:
791:
787:
780:
766:
762:
755:
741:
737:
730:
716:
705:
688:
684:
674:
672:
662:
655:
600:
596:
559:
550:
545:
314:
285:Carterocephalus
252:
232:banded skippers
139:
62:
51:
24:Grass skippers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1245:
1235:
1234:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1174:
1161:
1148:
1135:
1126:Fauna Europaea
1122:
1109:
1096:
1086:
1073:
1058:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1022:
1021:
1016:
999:
994:
988:
980:
979:External links
977:
974:
973:
959:
945:
918:
911:
893:
869:
862:
835:
828:
810:
803:
785:
778:
760:
753:
735:
728:
703:
682:
653:
594:
547:
546:
544:
541:
538:
537:
536:North America
534:
531:
525:
524:
523:North America
521:
518:
512:
511:
510:North America
508:
505:
499:
498:
497:North America
495:
492:
486:
485:
484:North America
482:
479:
473:
472:
471:North America
469:
466:
464:Mardon skipper
460:
459:
458:North America
456:
453:
451:Dakota skipper
447:
446:
445:North America
443:
440:
438:Dukes' skipper
434:
433:
432:North America
430:
427:
421:
420:
419:North America
417:
414:
412:Byssus skipper
408:
407:
406:North America
404:
401:
399:Loammi skipper
395:
394:
393:North America
391:
388:
386:Arogos skipper
382:
381:
378:
375:
369:
368:
365:
362:
356:
355:
352:
351:Protected (UK)
349:
343:
342:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
313:
310:
251:
248:
238:, part of the
228:Grass skippers
223:
222:
221:
220:
218:Taractrocerini
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
163:Astictopterini
160:
152:
151:
147:
146:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
49:Hesperia comma
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1244:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
969:
963:
955:
949:
931:
930:
922:
914:
908:
904:
897:
882:
881:
873:
865:
863:0-8047-2013-4
859:
855:
854:
846:
844:
842:
840:
831:
829:9783110157048
825:
821:
814:
806:
804:0-6430-5027-2
800:
796:
789:
781:
775:
771:
764:
756:
754:0-226-06317-8
750:
746:
739:
731:
729:1-59193-007-3
725:
721:
714:
712:
710:
708:
699:
695:
694:
693:Insecta Mundi
686:
671:
667:
660:
658:
649:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
590:
586:
581:
576:
572:
568:
567:Insecta Mundi
564:
557:
555:
553:
548:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
309:
306:
302:
300:
295:
293:
292:
287:
286:
281:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
173:Ceratrichiini
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
148:
143:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1037:
962:
948:
937:. Retrieved
928:
921:
902:
896:
885:. Retrieved
879:
872:
852:
819:
813:
794:
788:
769:
763:
744:
738:
719:
697:
691:
685:
673:. Retrieved
669:
611:
607:
597:
570:
566:
516:Rare skipper
477:Otto skipper
315:
312:Conservation
307:
303:
296:
289:
283:
276:
267:
263:
253:
235:
231:
227:
226:
136:
48:
18:
1232:Hesperiinae
1152:iNaturalist
1082:Hesperiinae
1068:Hesperiinae
1062:Wikispecies
1038:Hesperiinae
236:Hesperiinae
208:Pericharini
203:Megathymini
158:Aeromachini
137:Hesperiinae
133:Subfamily:
127:Hesperiidae
117:Lepidoptera
53:Oxfordshire
1011:Images of
939:2018-09-16
912:0618254005
887:2018-09-11
543:References
380:Australia
367:Australia
260:Neotropics
188:Hesperiini
178:Erionotini
97:Arthropoda
675:5 October
328:Location
305:females.
272:Holarctic
246:in 1809.
213:Psolosini
193:Eetionini
142:Latreille
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
1226:Category
1100:BugGuide
1089:BioLib:
1047:Wikidata
1005:Archived
648:30877254
589:35370352
280:apiculus
268:Hesperia
264:Ochlodes
183:Gretnini
123:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1053:Q281418
700:: 1–56.
639:6442542
616:Bibcode
580:8975183
573:(921).
354:Europe
341:Europe
322:Species
256:species
240:skipper
168:Baorini
150:Tribes
113:Order:
107:Insecta
103:Class:
1209:346519
1170:694057
1157:122493
1131:440705
1019:Flickr
909:
860:
826:
801:
776:
751:
726:
646:
636:
587:
577:
325:Status
299:sedges
291:Piruna
198:Ismini
144:, 1809
1196:40096
1118:93MWY
1105:12855
1092:51262
1013:types
933:(PDF)
47:both
1191:NCBI
1165:ITIS
1002:RMCA
907:ISBN
858:ISBN
824:ISBN
799:ISBN
774:ISBN
749:ISBN
724:ISBN
698:0731
677:2018
644:PMID
585:PMID
571:2022
377:Rare
364:Rare
288:and
266:and
1178:NBN
1113:CoL
1077:AFD
997:TOL
634:PMC
624:doi
612:116
575:PMC
230:or
1228::
1206::
1193::
1180::
1167::
1154::
1141::
1128::
1115::
1102::
1079::
1064::
1049::
838:^
706:^
696:.
668:.
656:^
642:.
632:.
622:.
610:.
606:.
583:.
569:.
565:.
551:^
274:.
1015:.
970:.
956:.
942:.
915:.
890:.
866:.
832:.
807:.
782:.
757:.
732:.
679:.
650:.
626::
618::
591:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_female.jpg)
_female_underside.jpg)
