112:
421:. Thousands crowded around the place, watching the loco at the entrance of its shed. The excitement was immense, with the natives amazed when the loco commenced its maiden journey. The engine started at a walking speed, later travelling at 15 miles an hour (about 24 km/h). A crowd ran after the moving contraption, hardly leaving the tracks clear. The locomotive traveled the 2 miles (3.2 km) between Byculla and Parel, waiting at its destination for some time. The second trip was completed, notably with a lady being among the passengers. On both trips the loco was stopped briefly, to correct some small matters; however, the engine was found to be in proper order.
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carriages. The
Journey was to be commenced at noon, reaching the destination of Parsick (Parsik) point at about 1 p.m. They were to have their tiffin in the tunnel built there, to later return at sunset, as reported by the Allen's Indian Mail of 1852. The passengers were the engineers, directors and their friends. The Journey started soon after twelve p.m., later halting at near the beginning of the Salsette island for refilling water. The entire journey was extensively described by the newspaper
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such an immensity traveling on rails. Not satisfied by watching from sides, the crowds would come extremely close to the operating locomotive, only paving way when the loco came a few meters away. Police was ordered around the line for the safety of the observers. Finally twelve men with sticks were employed for this duty. Some people sought an opportunity, setting up stalls of Toddy and cakes, to sell to the visitors.
432:
The
Locomotive in its shed at Byculla drew crowds of thousands from over the city. When it began its operations, sometimes carrying twelve wagons of Ballast up the steep slopes, the natives standing in the way in astonishment. For the natives, it was a mesmerizing experience, for they had never seen
424:
Around this time there arose debates on what vocabulary be introduced for the railways in native languages. The natives had already started referring to railways, in their language, some calling it "Aag Boat"' (the term for steam boats). Without proper words to describe the railway systems, even the
414:, meaning that it had all its fuel, water and boiler on the same frame, not having an external tender wagon. Four wheels were attached to the cranked driving shaft, and placed in the center. The Telegraph further stated that efforts were made to prepare the loco for work by 'the end of the week'.
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in
England. Several problems were encountered, for instance, the laying of the line among the swamp at Sion, worker strikes, among others. Then there was a question of whether the experimental line be a single line, or a double line. The contract opted for the latter option, but there were other
455:). The journey was reported completed in 45 mins, the highest speed being 50 mph (about 80 km/h), with the average being 30 mph (about 48 km/h). This Journey soon paved way for the official run next year (1853) on 16 April, that formally began the era of the Indian Railways.
444:
The first trial run was conducted between Bombay and Thane on 18 November 1852, at noon. The locomotives and the carriages were still not yet in order (having arrived only 2 months ago). Hence the same Lord
Falkland was employed as the locomotive, with trucks, temporarily fitted to be used as
245:
and generally with the other presidencies of India. The Court of
Directors of the East India Company appointed James John Berkeley as Chief Resident Engineer and Charles Buchanan Ker and Robert Wilfred Graham as his assistants. It was India's first passenger railway, the original 21 miles
258:
Incorporated as a company in 1849, with its head office in London, the Great Indian
Peninsula Railway line was initially proposed for a length of 1,300 mi (2,100 km), to connect Bombay with the interior of the Indian peninsula and to the major port of Madras
394:
of 17 February states that "She had been landed six days ..." suggesting that the locomotive landed in Bombay on 11 or 12 February 1852. On its arrival, it was pulled down a public road by 200 coolies, before it was put on the rails. This
Locomotive was named
1293:
314:(both MPs from Britain who became the company's chairman and deputy chairman), Frederick Ayrton (ex-East India Company), cavalrymen such as Major Clayton and Major-General Briggs, Bombay residents John Graham, Col. Dickenson,
1286:
1977:
425:
1854 translation of the
Lardner's Rail Economy (translated by Krishnashastri Bhatwadekar in Marathi) referred to rail roads as "Lokhandi Rustey" the term for Iron Roads, hence even the name of the book was
1279:
538:(present day Kalyan) was opened on 1 May 1854. The construction of this portion was difficult as it involved two-line viaducts over the estuary (see picture on right) and two tunnels.
763:
concluded that "it was thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines in a uniform system".
1022:
1962:
410:, previously used for planting toddy. This plot of land, belonging to William Phipps, among others, was bought by the GIPR at a cost of Rupees 4000. This locomotive was a
374:
ideas. Doing this would have saved money. In the end, the
Government of Bombay asked to retain the 'double line' option, owing to complications in contracts and finances.
225:). The Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company was incorporated on 1 August 1849 by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company Act 1849 (12 & 13 Vict. c.83) of the
1155:
932:
904:
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An year after the passing of the Great Indian
Peninsular Railway Company Act in 1849, the first sod was turned ('Bhoomipujan' was done) of the first rail line at
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2020:
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on 30 October 1850, by the Chief secretary of Bombay Government, John P. Willoughby. The line was meant to be an "experimental line" between Bombay and
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1129:
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The same year, three Locomotives and the rail carriages arrived on the ship, Charles along with six European locomotive drivers in September 1852.
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and banks in London, most of whom resided in Britain and some who had resided in India. The original 25 person board consisted of people such as
17:
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Work began, but was soon slowed down by heavy showers in October 1851. This was the same year the first locomotives for this line (Locomotives
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1982:
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355:
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in January 1851. The contract for this segment was handed to the contractors Faviell and Fowler, while the next segment from Tannah to
307:
250:). On 1 July 1925, its management was taken over by the Government. On 5 November 1951, it was incorporated into the Central Railway.
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1869:
1340:
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2013:
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479:). The train took fifty-seven minutes to reach Tanna. It covered a distance of 21 miles (33.8 km). Three locomotives named
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was purchased. By 1936, the rolling stock had increased to 835 locomotives, 1285 coaches and more than 20.000 freight wagons.
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561:(present day Bhor Ghat) and it took another five years for completion. During this period, the 21 km gap was covered by
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1471:
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557:(present day Pune) section was opened to traffic. The Padusdhurree-Khandala section involved the difficult crossing of the
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The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.
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for the construction and operation of a railway line, 56 km long, to form part of a trunk line connecting
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2099:
1604:
1303:
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694:(present day Bhusawal). From Bhosawal, there was a bifurcation. One passed through great cotton districts of
362:(today's Kalyan) to contractors George Wythes and William Jackson along with Jamsetjee Dorabjee Naegamwalla.
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2318:
1854:
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1244:. Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C. 1936. pp. 210â219.
730:
331:
311:
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838:
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By the end of 1874 the company owned 345 steam locomotives, 1309 coaches and 7924 goods wagons. In 1906 a
2323:
2183:
2178:
2089:
2084:
1972:
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1689:
1639:
1634:
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229:. It had a share capital of 50,000 pounds. On 21 August 1847 it entered into a formal contract with the
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2328:
1926:
1715:
1699:
1654:
1195:. Transportation Division, Bureau of foreign and domestic commerce, Washington D.C. 1936. p. 215.
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230:
129:
An Act to incorporate the Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company, and for purposes connected therewith.
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2240:
2214:
2124:
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2114:
2109:
1941:
1921:
1890:
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546:
178:
1684:
1519:
1320:
776:
691:
640:
383:
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508:
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On 16 April 1853 at 3:35 pm, the first passenger train of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway left
299:. It was meant for the purpose of increasing the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and spices.
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751:. At that time period, line had not reached Aurangabad but rather moved northward after reaching
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was officially opened on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French writer
584:(present day Igatpuri) was opened on 1 January 1865 and thus completed the crossing of the
315:
8:
2297:
2074:
1874:
1838:
1218:
715:
616:. By 1868, route kilometerage was 888 km and by 1870, route kilometerage was 2,388.
322:, bankers such as John Harvey (Commercial Bank of London) and S. Jervis (Director of the
319:
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1083:
429:(translated as "A Short Account of Iron Roads"). Some translations were soon suggested.
417:
The Locomotive had its first run on 18 February 1852 from its stationing at Byculla, to
1936:
1052:
451:
303:
1301:
330:), and directors of other railway companies such as Richard Paterson (Chairman of the
186:
1774:
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which had been opened in June 1867. Hence it became possible to travel directly from
519:
714:(present day Jabalpur) to connect with the Allahabad-Jubbulpore branch line of the
2287:
2188:
1957:
1815:
1779:
1258:
1050:
Costa, Roana Maria (17 April 2010). "A sepia ride, from Boree Bunder to Tannah".
411:
302:
The management committee consisted of 25 British men, including officials of the
210:
39:
840:
Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862
743:. Although, in the novel it is erroneously claimed that the line passes through
2292:
1967:
1466:
1345:
613:
370:
246:(33.8 km) section opening in 1853, between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tanna (now
242:
199:
2312:
1128:. Vol. 11. The Railway Department, Stock Exchange, London. p. 202.
772:
535:
66:
1998:
1416:
382:
The following year, in 1852, Bombay received its first locomotive. Built by
263:) on the east coast. It was originally meant to connect the towns of Poona (
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2155:
1799:
1769:
476:
343:
161:
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Beyond Callian, the north-east main line proceeded over the Thull ghat to
1789:
734:
495:
Classification pulled the 14 carriages carrying 400 passengers on board.
149:
86:
56:
1794:
492:
366:
276:
996:
Halt Station India: The Dramatic Tale of the Nation's First Rail Lines
1987:
863:
748:
601:
577:
576:(present day Kasara) line was opened on 1 January 1861 and the steep
562:
558:
296:
747:, which is, again erroneously claimed as the capital of the Emperor
629:
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752:
723:
711:
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605:
585:
581:
550:
292:
238:
609:
542:
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334:) and Melvil Wilson (Director of the Alliance Assurance Office).
280:
260:
1180:, Vol. XII, No. 125 (Jul. 14, 1906); pages 114. Includes photo.
719:
597:
573:
472:
468:
359:
284:
268:
234:
218:
695:
554:
418:
390:'s locomotive Thomason, it was brought by sea to Bombay. The
347:
288:
247:
707:
566:
403:, who reportedly left the city on the eve of the occasion.
264:
843:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 690.
1963:
AhmedabadâPrayagraj (Allahabad) Weekly Superfast Express
190:
Extent of Great Indian Peninsula Railway network in 1870
1176:
New Locomotives for the Great Indian Peninsula Ry.,
1023:"The first running of a railway locomotive in India"
979:"Incorporation of Great Indian peninsula Railway".
787:It was labeled as a Class I railway according to
710:(Present day Durg). The other was extended up to
706:(present day Nagpur) and then to Raj-nandgaon in
2310:
1780:Metro-Link Express for Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad
1121:
221:(later, the Victoria Terminus and presently the
104:Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company Act 1849
1259:Clippings about Great Indian Peninsula Railway
702:(present day Amravati) and was extended up to
2028:
2014:
1446:
1432:
1287:
856:
549:(present day Palasdhari) and on 14 June 1858
867:. Archived from the original on 16 July 2008
27:Railway company in British India (1849â1951)
1112:, New Delhi: National Book Trust, pp. 17â18
658:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
612:(present day Raichur), where it joined the
209:(and by extension, the current state-owned
2021:
2007:
1439:
1425:
1294:
1280:
600:, the south-east main line proceeded over
569:or cart through the village of Campoolie.
253:
1983:MumbaiâAhmedabad high-speed rail corridor
678:Learn how and when to remove this message
458:
2389:Railway companies disestablished in 1951
1978:DelhiâMumbai Industrial Corridor Project
1870:Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
1341:Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway
828:, New Delhi: National Book Trust, p. 15.
541:On 12 May 1856 the line was extended to
447:The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce
185:
1073:, New Delhi: National Book Trust, p. 17
993:
953:
759:. At the opening ceremony, the Viceroy
337:
14:
2311:
1017:
1015:
580:(present day Thal Ghat) section up to
534:The portion of the line from Tanna to
439:
2384:Railway companies established in 1849
2002:
1420:
1275:
1065:
1063:
1049:
935:from the original on 12 November 2019
619:
399:" after the then Governor of Bombay,
179:Text of statute as originally enacted
2399:Indian companies established in 1849
2374:1849 establishments in British India
1376:Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
1199:from the original on 18 October 2022
1132:from the original on 18 October 2022
998:. Rupa Publications. pp. 6â12.
907:from the original on 8 February 2015
852:
850:
656:adding citations to reliable sources
623:
332:Northern and Eastern Railway Company
223:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus
1620:DharangadhraâSurendra Nagar section
1158:from the original on 18 August 2022
1090:from the original on 23 August 2020
1043:
1012:
958:. London: Serif Books. p. 20.
591:
427:Lokhandi Rustyanche Sunshipt Vurnan
377:
76:1 August 1849–5 November 1951
24:
2369:Defunct railway companies of India
1102:
1060:
801:List of railway companies in India
25:
2410:
1252:
1084:"Extracts from the Railway Times"
901:"About Indian Railways-Evolution"
859:"The great Indian Railway bazaar"
847:
782:
213:), whose headquarters was at the
2272:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh
1590:SamakhialiâMaliya Miyana section
1386:Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway
1326:Bengal and North Western Railway
1241:World Survey of Foreign Railways
1192:World Survey of Foreign Railways
903:. Ministry of Railways website.
806:Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway
766:
628:
518:
507:
227:Parliament of the United Kingdom
117:Parliament of the United Kingdom
110:
38:
2379:1951 disestablishments in India
1630:WankanerâSurendra Nagar section
1625:ViramgamâSurendra Nagar section
1232:
1219:"Indian Railway Classification"
1211:
1183:
1170:
1144:
1115:
1076:
931:. London: Grace's Guide. 1846.
857:Khan, Shaheed (18 April 2002).
740:Around the World in Eighty Days
18:Great Indian Peninsular Railway
2267:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh
1932:Great Indian Peninsula Railway
1865:Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway
1610:ViramgamâMaliya Miyana section
1570:Maliya MiyanaâWankaner section
1550:GandhidhamâKandla Port section
1540:GandhidhamâAhmedabad main line
1366:Great Indian Peninsula Railway
1302:Class I railways according to
987:
972:
947:
919:
893:
831:
818:
406:It was stationed on a land in
196:Great Indian Peninsula Railway
33:Great Indian Peninsula Railway
13:
1:
2394:1951 mergers and acquisitions
1560:GandhidhamâSamakhiali section
1304:Indian Railway Classification
994:Aklekar, Rajendra B. (2014).
789:Indian Railway Classification
2334:Transport in Kalyan-Dombivli
2130:Dalli RajharaâJagdalpur line
2042:HowrahâAllahabadâMumbai line
1680:Kanjari BoriyaviâVadtal line
1600:SurendranagarâBhavnagar line
1580:Mumbai DadarâSolapur section
1575:Marwar JunctionâMunabao line
1472:HowrahâPrayagrajâMumbai line
1401:Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway
731:Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line
7:
2179:Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway
2052:New DelhiâChennai main line
1973:Urban rail transit in India
1834:Nagpur Chhattisgarh Railway
1665:AnkleshwarâRajpipla section
1555:GandhidhamâPalanpur section
1391:North Western State Railway
1263:20th Century Press Archives
928:Company registration â 1845
794:
386:, the same firm that built
205:) was a predecessor of the
10:
2415:
2205:South East Central Railway
2095:AllahabadâJabalpur section
2080:TatanagarâBilaspur section
2057:New DelhiâMumbai main line
1927:Konkan Railway Corporation
1645:PorbandarâJetalsar section
1530:AhmedabadâViramgam section
1492:AhmedabadâMumbai main line
1462:New DelhiâMumbai main line
608:(present day Solapur) and
545:(present day Khopoli) via
291:(West Berar), Oomrawutty (
97:United Kingdom legislation
2280:
2259:
2246:Bilaspur railway division
2241:Jabalpur railway division
2223:
2197:
2169:
2148:
2100:JabalpurâBhusaval section
2065:
2047:HowrahâNagpurâMumbai line
2034:
2029:Railways in Central India
1950:
1942:Mumbai Port Trust Railway
1904:
1883:
1847:
1824:
1808:
1762:
1708:
1605:ViramgamâMahesana section
1500:
1477:HowrahâNagpurâMumbai line
1452:
1447:Railways in Western India
1311:
1152:"Central Railway History"
1122:Mihill Slaughter (1861).
1030:swr.indianrailways.gov.in
885:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
475:) for Tanna (present day
350:, whose gauge was set at
316:Hon. Jugonnath Sunkersett
177:
170:
160:
155:
143:
133:
123:
109:
102:
85:
80:
72:
62:
51:
46:
37:
1855:SalsetteâTrombay Railway
1595:SolapurâGuntakal section
1510:MathuraâVadodara section
1321:Bengal and Assam Railway
811:
777:Kerr, Stuart and Company
145:Territorial extent
2251:Raipur railway division
2236:Bhopal railway division
2231:Ratlam railway division
2184:RajputanaâMalwa Railway
2090:NagpurâBhusawal section
2085:BilaspurâNagpur section
1860:Bhavnagar State Railway
1827:revived / under revival
1690:BilimoraâWaghai section
1640:JamnagarâPorbandar line
1635:RajkotâWankaner section
1585:NagpurâBhusawal section
1545:GandhidhamâBhuj section
1535:BhusawalâKalyan section
1396:Oudh and Tirhut Railway
1178:The Locomotive Magazine
1086:. Railway Times. 1854.
954:Westrip, Joyce (2014).
320:Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy
254:Incorporation in London
139:12 & 13 Vict. c. 83
1700:AhmedabadâUdaipur line
1655:PalitanaâSihor section
1356:Eastern Punjab Railway
1351:Eastern Bengal Railway
501:Tanna railway viaducts
459:Railways around Bombay
324:London and County Bank
191:
2364:Transport in Amravati
2359:Transport in Jabalpur
2344:Transport in Bhusawal
2172:revived/under revival
2125:NarkhedâAmravati line
2120:NagpurâHyderabad line
2115:BhopalâNagpur section
2110:UjjainâBhopal section
1565:JodhpurâBathinda line
1525:UjjainâBhopal section
1487:JaipurâAhmedabad line
1371:Jodhpur State Railway
1336:Bikaner State Railway
1331:Bengal Nagpur Railway
189:
2339:Transport in Solapur
2215:West Central Railway
1922:West Central Railway
1785:Greater Nashik Metro
1685:AnandâGodhra section
1520:NagdaâUjjain section
1406:South Indian Railway
1381:Mysore State Railway
1316:Assam Bengal Railway
1125:Railway Intelligence
1056:. Mumbai. p. 6.
981:The Evening Standard
652:improve this section
465:Boree Bunder station
401:Lucius Bentinck Cary
369:) were built at the
354:by Governor General
338:Beginnings in Bombay
2354:Transport in Nagpur
2319:Transport in Mumbai
2298:Datia rail accident
2140:IndoreâGwalior line
2135:BilaspurâKatni line
2105:AgraâBhopal section
1875:Cutch State Railway
1839:Barsi Light Railway
1670:AnandâKhambhat line
1650:RajkotâSomnath line
1482:MumbaiâChennai line
1361:East Indian Railway
983:. 19 November 1845.
716:East Indian Railway
440:The First Trial run
308:John Stuart-Wortley
34:
2324:Transport in Thane
1937:Saurashtra Railway
1743:Trans-Harbour line
1695:UdhnaâJalgaon line
1675:VasadâKathana line
1660:BharuchâDahej line
1615:ViramgamâOkha line
1453:National network /
1108:Rao, M.A. (1988).
1069:Rao, M.A. (1988).
1053:The Times of India
824:Rao, M.A. (1988).
749:Aurangzeb Alamgeer
620:Bombay to Calcutta
452:The Times of India
304:East India Company
231:East India Company
192:
73:Dates of operation
32:
2349:Transport in Durg
2329:Transport in Pune
2306:
2305:
2224:Railway divisions
1996:
1995:
1905:Railway companies
1884:Railway divisions
1775:Navi Mumbai Metro
1515:AkolaâRatlam line
1414:
1413:
1005:978-81-291-3497-4
698:(West Berar) and
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94:
16:(Redirected from
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67:British India
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57:British India
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36:
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19:
2161:Indore Metro
2156:Bhopal Metro
1931:
1800:Nagpur Metro
1770:Mumbai Metro
1738:Harbour line
1733:Central line
1728:Western line
1718:
1365:
1240:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1213:
1203:30 September
1201:. Retrieved
1191:
1185:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1124:
1117:
1109:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1078:
1070:
1051:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
995:
989:
980:
974:
955:
949:
937:. Retrieved
927:
921:
909:. Retrieved
895:
869:. Retrieved
862:
839:
833:
825:
820:
786:
770:
738:
728:
689:
674:
665:
650:Please help
638:
595:
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547:Padusdhurree
540:
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391:
384:E. B. Wilson
381:
364:
341:
301:
267:), Nassuek (
257:
215:Boree Bunder
202:
195:
193:
162:Royal assent
52:Headquarters
29:
2035:Trunk lines
1790:Surat Metro
1455:trunk lines
1224:10 November
1136:11 November
735:Jules Verne
700:Oomravuttee
412:tank engine
150:British Raj
87:Track gauge
2313:Categories
1795:Pune Metro
1763:Metro rail
745:Aurangabad
712:Jubbulpore
668:April 2022
604:to Poona,
578:Thull ghat
559:Bhore Ghat
367:GIP-1 to 8
277:Ahmednagar
273:Aurangabad
125:Long title
1988:Bhor Ghat
1748:Port line
1719:(Planned)
1716:Ahmedabad
1094:1 January
1035:31 August
939:16 August
911:9 October
864:The Hindu
761:Lord Mayo
639:does not
606:Sholapore
602:Bhor Ghat
582:Egutpoora
563:palanquin
543:Campoolie
297:Hyderabad
81:Technical
2281:See also
2068:sections
1951:See also
1891:Bhusawal
1809:Monorail
1503:sections
1197:Archived
1162:27 April
1156:Archived
1130:Archived
1088:Archived
933:Archived
905:Archived
881:cite web
795:See also
757:Jabalpur
755:towards
753:Bhusawal
737:'s book
724:Calcutta
692:Bhosawal
610:Raichore
586:Sahyadri
574:Kassarah
551:Khandala
293:Amravati
239:Khandesh
135:Citation
55:Bombay,
47:Overview
1265:of the
1261:in the
871:21 June
704:Nagpore
660:removed
645:sources
598:Callian
596:Beyond
536:Callian
491:of the
408:Byculla
388:Roorkee
360:Callian
295:), and
281:Solapur
261:Chennai
1816:Mumbai
1724:Mumbai
1306:System
1002:
962:
720:Bombay
481:Sultan
473:Mumbai
469:Bombay
285:Nagpur
269:Nashik
235:Bombay
219:Mumbai
63:Locale
2149:Metro
1026:(PDF)
812:Notes
775:from
696:Akola
555:Poona
493:GIP-1
489:Sahib
485:Sindh
477:Thane
419:Parel
348:Thana
289:Akola
248:Thane
243:Berar
237:with
156:Dates
1896:Pune
1754:Pune
1226:2022
1205:2022
1164:2022
1138:2020
1096:2019
1037:2023
1000:ISBN
960:ISBN
941:2015
913:2014
887:link
873:2009
729:The
643:any
641:cite
572:The
567:pony
487:and
344:Sion
318:and
310:and
265:Pune
241:and
203:GIPR
194:The
1267:ZBW
722:to
654:by
467:in
283:),
217:in
2315::
1154:.
1062:^
1028:.
1014:^
883:}}
879:{{
861:.
849:^
726:.
588:.
565:,
483:,
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287:,
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1295:e
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1281:v
1228:.
1207:.
1166:.
1140:.
1098:.
1039:.
1008:.
968:.
943:.
915:.
889:)
875:.
681:)
675:(
670:)
666:(
662:.
648:.
553:-
395:"
259:(
198:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
