3908:, on other railroad lines. On July 25, 1877, workers gathered on Van Woert Street Rail Crossing in Albany, New York. The workers waited for a train arrival then proceeded to barrage the train with projectiles. The arrival of militiamen caused the crowd to rouse and throw their projectiles at the militia. A second night proceeded of attacks on the rail line. After the second night, the mayor rescinded the militia and ordered local police to protect the rail. Workers in the cities in industries other than railroads still attacked them because of how they cut through the cities and dominated city life. Their resentment of the railroads' economic power was expressed in physical attacks against them at a time when many workers' wages were lowered. Protestors "included cross-class elements from other work sites, small businesses, and commercial establishments. Some protestors acted out of solidarity with the strikers, but many more vented militant displeasure against dangerous railroad traffic that crisscrossed urban centers in that area."
4342:, joined the railroad workers in the strike because they were tired of their urban streets being used by the railroad companies. The railroads that ran through these cities were often very dangerous and caused plenty of issues for urban businesses and city dwellers alike. Even with the combined efforts of the railroad strikers and upset citizens, the troops stood their ground against the strikers and obeyed the orders received from their commanders. This, combined with the strikers' sporadic and unorganized revolts, ultimately led to the downfall of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. These troops broke strike after strike, until approximately 45 days after it had started, the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was over. The lack of a political leader or party's support of the revolt caused the strike's power to dissipate as well.
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3626:. The city and state governments were aided by unofficial militias, the National Guard, federal troops and private militias organized by the railroads, who all fought against the workers. Disruption was widespread and at its height, the strikes were supported by about 100,000 workers. With the intervention of federal troops in several locations, most of the strikes were suppressed by early August 1877. Labor continued to work to organize into unions to work for better wages and conditions. Fearing future social disruption, many cities built armories to support local National Guard units; these defensive buildings still stand as symbols of the effort to suppress the labor unrest of this period.
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3724:, a bitter antagonism between workers and the leaders of industry developed. Immigration from Europe was underway, as was migration of rural workers into the cities, increasing competition for jobs and enabling companies to drive down wages and easily lay off workers. By 1877, 10 percent wage cuts, distrust of capitalists and poor working conditions led to workers conducting numerous railroad strikes that prevented the trains from moving, with spiraling effects in other parts of the economy. Suppressed by violence, workers continued to organize to try to improve their conditions. Management worked to break up such movements, and mainstream society feared labor organizing as signs of
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328 civil disorders, mostly in the industrial states of
Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York; workers came to see the guardsmen as tools of their employers. Attempts to utilize the National Guard to quell violent outbreaks in 1877 highlighted its ineffectiveness, and in some cases its propensity to side with strikers and rioters. In response, as earlier riots in the mid-1800s had prompted the modernization of police forces, the violence of 1877 provided the impetus for modernizing the National Guard, "to aid the civil officers, to suppress or prevent riot or insurrections".
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3997:. Strikers set fires that razed 39 buildings and destroyed rolling stock, including 104 locomotives and 1,245 freight and passenger cars. On July 22, the National Guard mounted an assault on the strikers, shooting their way out of the roundhouse and killing 20 more people on their way out of the city. After more than a month of rioting and bloodshed in Pittsburgh, President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops as in West Virginia and Maryland to end the strikes.
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3676:, and wages overall dropping to 45% of their previous level. Thousands of American businesses failed, defaulting on more than a billion dollars of debt. One in four laborers in New York were out of work in the winter of 1873–1874. National construction of new rail lines dropped from 7,500 miles of track in 1872 to just 1,600 miles in 1875, and production in iron and steel alone dropped as much as 45%.
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end, the strikers did not win and were not given higher wages. However, the Great
Railroad Strike of 1877 did pave the way for future strikes after proving that national labor action was possible in the United States. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 led to the rise of certain political parties including the
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screamed, "Terrors Reign, The
Streets of Chicago Given Over to Howling Mobs of Thieves and Cutthroats". Order was finally restored. An estimated 20 men and boys died, none of whom were law enforcement or troops; scores more were wounded, and the loss of property was valued in the millions of dollars.
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era in April 1861, over 15 years earlier. When the outnumbered troops of the 6th
Regiment finally fired volleys on an attacking crowd, they killed 10 civilians and wounded 25. The rioters injured several members of the National Guard, damaged B&O engines and train cars, and burned portions of the
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In total, there were likely over 100,000 people that were involved in the Great
Railroad Strike of 1877. Of those involved, nearly 1,000 people were jailed and about 100 were killed. The strike caused over 50% of the United States' freight being carried on the railroads to stop for some time. In the
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was the first state commander-in-chief to call up militia units to restore peace. This action has been viewed in retrospect as a catalyst that would transform the
National Guard. In the years to come, the Guard would quell strikers and double their forces; in the years 1886–1895, the Guard put down
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workers, numbering 700,000 by the early 1880s. In the 1880s nearly 10,000 strike actions and lockouts took place. In 1886 nearly 700,000 workers went on strike. Business leaders strengthened their opposition to the unions, often firing men who tried to organize or join them. Nonetheless, the labor
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units and constructed armories in numerous industrial cities. For workers and employers alike, the strikes had shown the power of workers in combination to challenge the status quo. A National Guard member in
Pittsburgh, ordered to break the 1877 strike, pointed out that the workers were driven by
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The strike on both sides of the river was ended after the governor appealed for help and gained the intervention of some 3,000 federal troops and 5,000 deputized special police. These armed forces killed at least eighteen people in skirmishes around the city. On July 28, 1877, they took control of
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area and headed to Camden. It had to fight its way west through sympathetic
Baltimore citizens, rioters and striking workers. The march erupted into bloodshed along Baltimore Street, the main downtown commercial thoroughfare and the way to get to Camden. It was a horrible scene reminiscent of the
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4122:. Later the posse leader and about 20 of his men were charged with assault and murder. They were all acquitted. Under military occupation, and suffering the effects of protracted violence against them, the miners ended their strike without achieving any of their demands.
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valley. They looted the depot when the town announced it would pay them only $ 1/day for emergency public employment. The mayor, who owned coal mines, organized an unofficial militia. It committed 14 civilian shooting casualties, resulting in the deaths of two persons.
3946:, suggested that the strikers should be given "a rifle diet for a few days and see how they like that kind of bread". As in some other cities and towns, local law enforcement officers such as sheriffs, deputies and police refused to fire on the strikers. Several
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With public attention on workers' wages and conditions, the B&O in 1880 founded an
Employee Relief Association to provide death benefits and some health care. In 1884, it established a worker pension plan. Other improvements were implemented later.
3799:, with the militiaman returning fire. Both were wounded, and the striker died. In the end, the militia failed to get the trains moving again, as strikebreakers were unwilling to operate them. Matthews then requested federal troops, which newly elected
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station where strikers refused to let freight trains pass. A crowd had gathered in support of the railroad workers. Due to violence against workers refusing to take part in the strike, and since the police proved ineffective in stopping such violence,
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4035:, against which engineers had struck since April 1877. The National Guard shot 16 citizens. Preludes to the massacre included fresh work stoppage by all classes of the railroad's local workforce, mass marches, blocking of rail traffic, and trainyard
3579:(B&O) cut wages for the third time in a year. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was the first strike that spread across multiple states in the U.S. The strike finally ended 52 days later, after it was put down by unofficial militias, the
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4115:, returned fire on a group of rioters, strikers, and, most likely, bystanders. The posse immediately killed or fatally wounded four and wounded an undetermined number of others, estimated at 20 to 50, according to different sources.
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ended, a boom in railroad construction ensued, with roughly 35,000 miles (55,000 kilometers) of new track being laid from coast to coast between 1866 and 1873. The railroads, then the second-largest employer outside of
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in the railroads, the firm had become a federal agent for the government in the government's direct financing of railroad construction. As building new track in areas where land had not yet been cleared or settled required
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troops, mobilized by the governor. On July 25, violence between police and the mob erupted, with events reaching a peak the following day. These blood-soaked confrontations between police and enraged mobs are known as the
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and fired on rock-throwing strikers, killing 20 people and wounding 29. Rather than quell the uprising, these actions infuriated the strikers, who retaliated and forced the
National Guard to take refuge in a railroad
3850:, at the request of powerful B&O President John Work Garrett. The Fifth marched down North Howard Street from its armory above the old Richmond Market (at present North Howard and West Read Streets) in the
4211:, ruled that, "A strike or other unlawful interference with the trains will be a violation of the United States law, and the court will be bound to take notice of it and enforce the penalty". Drummond told the
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sympathized with the workers and collaborated with other bishops to lift the prohibition against workers joining the KOL. Other workers also took actions, and unrest marked the following decades. In 1886,
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After the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, union organizers planned for their next battles while politicians and business leaders took steps to prevent a repetition of this chaos. Many states enacted
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4039:. Workers burned down the only railroad bridge offering connections to the west, in order to prevent local National Guard companies from being mustered to actions in the state capital of
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Unions became better organized as well as more competent, and the number of strikes increased. The tumultuous Knights of Labor grew to be a national organization of predominately white
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4230:, recruited 5,000 men as an unofficial militia, asking for help in restoring order. They were partially successful, and shortly thereafter were reinforced by the arrival of the
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detectives in an attempt to break the strike. Philadelphia and Reading Railway management mobilized a private militia, the members of which committed the shootings in the city.
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reluctantly agreed to send. The B&O billed the federal government for transporting the troops into Martinsburg, and the strike moved on to Baltimore and then to Pittsburgh.
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The History of the Great Riots: The Strikes and Riots on the Various Railroads of the United States and in the Mining Regions Together with a Full History of the Molly Maguires
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in an act of solidarity with the nearly 1,000 workers on strike. It was a catalyst for labor unrest spreading, with thousands of workers in several industries striking for the
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Strikers in Pittsburgh burned in total 39 buildings, 104 engines, 46–66 passenger cars, and 1,200–1,383 freight cars. Damage estimates ranged from five to 10 million dollars.
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that only the government could provide, the use of Jay Cooke's firm as a conduit for federal funding worsened the effects that Cooke's bankruptcy had on the nation's economy.
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Maryland National Guard's Sixth Regiment fighting its way west along main downtown commercial thoroughfare Baltimore Street through Baltimore, Maryland, July 20, 1877
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New England Families, Genealogical and Memorial: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of Commonwealths and the Founding of a Nation, Volume 4
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Roediger, David. "'Not Only the Ruling Classes to Overcome, but Also the So-Called Mob': Class, Skill and Community in the St. Louis General Strike of 1877."
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a few weeks earlier. They were sent to stop the riots of both the railroad laborers and the residents of the striking cities. Many residents in the cities of
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in northeast Pennsylvania, one day after railroad workers commenced a strike, a city posse of 51 men armed with new rifles and under the command of
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railroads. Soon, other railroads throughout the state were brought to a standstill, with demonstrators shutting down railroad traffic in
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to protect the railroads and asked for federal troops to enforce his decision; he subsequently had strikers arrested and tried them for
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was also formed by Congress in 1884 after the national call for labor rights and the aftermath of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
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were also sent to the striking cities to disperse the crowds. These troops from the South had just been guarding the statehouse in
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sent federal troops from city to city. This was a prime example of the U.S. military being used against industrial action. General
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and lasting 65 months, became the longest economic contraction in American history, including the later more famous, 45-month-long
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Pennsylvania Governor Hartranft declared Scranton to be under martial law; it was occupied by state and federal troops armed with
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sent in militia forces to move trains. This resulted in one militiaman getting shot by a striker while trying to operate a
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Smith, Shannon M. "'They Met Force with Force': African American Protests and Social Status in Louisville's 1877 Strike."
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of the railroads—engines and railroad cars. Some locals feared that workers were rising in revolution, similar to the
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Jentz, John B., and Richard Schneirov. "Combat in the Streets: The Railroad Strike of 1877 and Its Consequences." in
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neighborhood and were generally unopposed heading south for the B&O's general headquarters and main depot at the
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6024:, American Catholic History Classroom, The Catholic University of America; Overview, archives and primary documents
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One result of the strike was increased public awareness of the grievances of railroad workers. On May 1, 1880, the
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Another was placed in 1978 in Martinsburg, West Virginia by the West Virginia Department of Culture and History.
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cut wages by ten per cent to increase dividends by the same percentage. By July 14, 1877, it had spread to the
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was paralyzed when angry mobs of unemployed citizens wreaked havoc in the rail yards, shutting down both the
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Burning of Pennsylvania Railroad and Union Depot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 21–22, 1877, engraving from
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for the skilled craft trades, attracting skilled workers from other groups. Other labor organizing followed.
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Rondinole, Troy. "Drifting toward Industrial War: The Great Strike of 1877 and the Coming of a New Era." in
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5557:. Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University.
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after the Civil War, leaving many cities defenseless to civil unrest. In response to the Great Strike,
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and his troops were sent from the Great Planes to Chicago to break up the strike. Federal troops from
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and Cumberland. The Sixth assembled at its armory at East Fayette and North Front Streets (by the old
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Chicago in the Age of Capital: Class, Politics, and Democracy during the Civil War and Reconstruction
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On July 25, 1,000 men and boys, many of them coal miners, marched to the Reading Railroad Depot in
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John Hartranft gained assistance and federal troops from President Hayes to put down the uprising.
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DeMichele, Matthew. "Policing protest events: The Great Strike of 1877 and WTO protests of 1999."
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Piper, Jessica. "The great railroad strike of 1877: A catalyst for the American labor movement."
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A Court That Shaped America: Chicago's Federal District Court from Abe Lincoln to Abbie Hoffman
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train station at South Howard and West Camden Streets. The National Guard was trapped in the
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The first national strike began July 16, 1877, with Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers in
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the Relay Depot, the command center for the uprising, and arrested some seventy strikers.
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fed large amounts of money into the industry, causing abnormal growth and over-expansion.
3693:, required large amounts of capital investment, and thus entailed massive financial risk.
8:
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Paul Kleppner, "The Greenback and Prohibition Parties," in Arthur M. Schlesinger (ed.),
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Guide to the Baltimore and Ohio Employees Relief Association, Annual Reports, 1880–1918
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and other cities, workers burned down and destroyed both physical facilities and the
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National Historic Landmark Nomination: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops
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strikers battled local National Guard units and set fire to much of downtown before
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Burning of Union Depot, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, July 21–22, 1877, engraving from
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The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution
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5996:(Martinsburg, WV), July 24, 1877. (West Virginia Division of Culture and History)
5460:
Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Railroad Riots in July, 1877
5258:"Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | History, Facts, & Significance | Britannica"
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Norton, Mary Beth; Sheriff, Carol; Blight, David W.; Chudacoff, Howard (2011).
5383:"The Great Railroad Strike of 1877: A Catalyst for the American Labor Movement"
5284:"The Great Railroad Strike of 1877: A Catalyst for the American Labor Movement"
5210:
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3884:, besieged by armed rioters. President Hayes sent 2,000 federal troops and 600
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5422:, Digital History, University of Houston (and others), accessed 27 May 2016
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Yearley, Clifton K. Jr. "The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Strike of 1877,"
5115:. Vol. I. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co. pp. 496–516.
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The Great Industrial War: Framing Class Conflict in the Media, 1865–1950
5834:
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5283:
4435:, which had the lowest wage rate of any major railroad, established the
3954:, including the 3rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment under the command of
3779:
The strike began when Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) Railroad president
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rose dramatically, reaching 14 percent by 1876, with many more severely
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Lesh, Bruce. "Using Primary Sources to Teach the Rail Strike of 1877"
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Accompanying 18 photos, exterior and interior, from 2001 and undated.
5435:
The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia
4980:(2 (Supplement)). New York: Charles A. Coffin: 37. September 1, 1877.
4935:
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5357:"Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | History, Facts, & Significance"
4700:
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7012:
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The use of federal troops prompted bipartisan support for the 1878
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3592:
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6317:
5955:
Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of modern America
5883:
Salvatore, Nick. "Railroad Workers and the Great Strike of 1877,"
4482:
In 2013 a historical marker commemorating the event was placed in
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648:
7748:
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4367:
as well. Labor rights became a major national issue for both the
4137:
3351:
73:
9760:
Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866
5018:
Drugging the Poor: Legal and Illegal Drugs and Social Inequality
4751:"Pages from US Labor History: The Great Railroad Strike of 1877"
3728:. Tensions lingered well after the depression ended in 1878–79.
7683:
7599:
4895:
History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day
4822:
4665:
3299:
6500:
4898:. Vol. 3. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press. pp. 733–742.
4537:
4303:
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began to lose momentum when
8003:
United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction
7624:
7306:
5420:"The Great Railroad Strike of 1877" – Digital History ID 1097
4807:
History of U.S. Political Parties: Volume II, 1860–1910, The
4036:
3832:
where railway workers stopped freight and passenger traffic.
3714:
3309:
5492:
4192:
organized demonstrations that drew crowds of 20,000 people.
3934:, became the site of the worst violence of related strikes.
401:
7833:
List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
6908:
6546:
5527:. In Fee, Elizabeth; Shopes, Linda; Zeidman, Linda (eds.).
4946:
41.3 (2000) 636–638, via Project MUSE, accessed 20 May 2016
4687:
Fels, Rendigs (1949). "The Long-Wave Depression, 1873–79".
4363:. The strike ultimately led to increased membership in the
3619:, while others joined their efforts against the railroads.
58:
10771:
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
5943:, no. 117, 1967, pp. 18–25. in Altoona, Pennsylvania
4995:"The Great Strike of 1877: Remembering a Worker Rebellion"
4957:
Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders: N–U,
4387:
Momentum from the East Coast strikes and the long-brewing
4203:, who was overseeing numerous railroads that had declared
10980:
Technological and industrial history of the United States
6060:"The Great Railway Strike of 1877 and Newspaper Coverage"
5531:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 11–14.
4783:
Appomattox to Montmartre: Americans and the Paris Commune
5939:
Walker, Samuel C. "Railroad Strike of 1877 in Altoona."
5812:(University of Illinois Press, 2012), pp. 194–219.
4870:
3633:
11360:
Rail transportation labor disputes in the United States
11213:
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4858:
4813:
New York: Chelsea House/R.R. Bowker Co., 1973; p. 1556.
1700:
10940:
African American founding fathers of the United States
10842:
The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan
8008:
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6474:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
4826:, Thomas F. Cooley (1997). "Depression of 1873–1879".
4611:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
4201:
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
6489:
List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
5496:
A People and a Nation: A History of the United States
9514:
The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women
5587:
5473:
McCabe, James Dabney; Edward Winslow Martin (1877).
5044:
A People's History of the United States 1492–present
4533:
4043:
or Pittsburgh. Authorities used the National Guard,
2444:
5925:Stowell, David O. "Albany’s Great Strike of 1877."
5463:, Harrisburg: L.S. Hart, state printer, 1878, p. 19
5230:
An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States
9765:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866
5941:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
5877:(Rutgers University Press, 2010), pp. 38–57.
5758:
5168:
4451:Militias had almost completely disappeared in the
4264:On July 21, workers in the industrial rail hub of
3896:There were further strike actions to the north in
2212:
9556:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act
6108:
5913:Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877,
5729:"Roundhouses and Shops / Railroad Strike of 1877"
3622:At the time, the workers were not represented by
11346:
5685:Michael Caplinger and John Bond (October, 2003)
5324:Streets, railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877
4938:Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877
4912:Streets, Railroads, and the Great Strike of 1877
4829:Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia
4437:Baltimore and Ohio Employees' Relief Association
4275:led a group of approximately 500 men across the
11370:History of labor relations in the United States
5841:The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History
5661:"Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops"
5081:. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p.
9900:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
5529:The Baltimore Book: New Views of Local History
4853:"The Catholic Church and the Knights of Labor"
4606:History of rail transport in the United States
11033:
9874:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
7864:
6531:
6206:
6094:
4686:
4473:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops
4382:
3544:
2739:
2652:
2430:
2198:
2063:
1686:
1608:
1366:
1207:
923:
664:
417:
195:
152:
7717:1885 attack on Squak Valley Chinese laborers
6704:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
6362:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910–1911
5839:Lloyd, John P. "The strike wave of 1877" in
5452:
5227:
5104:
5102:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4658:"Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions"
3950:units were ordered into service by Governor
937:
166:
11375:Labor-related violence in the United States
5899:Register of the Kentucky Historical Society
5518:
5516:
4799:
2077:
11040:
11026:
7871:
7857:
6538:
6524:
6213:
6199:
6101:
6087:
6064:Railroads and the Making of Modern America
6055:Teaching Resources—Maryland State Archives
5756:
5665:National Historic Landmark summary listing
5175:. Northwestern University Press. pp.
4629:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
4475:, where the strike began, were declared a
4172:. In sympathy, coal miners in the pits at
3704:In addition to Cooke's direct infusion of
3551:
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2746:
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930:
916:
671:
657:
424:
410:
202:
188:
159:
145:
11410:Political repression in the United States
10432:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
7838:Mass racial violence in the United States
7249:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876
6806:Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911
6284:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892
6003:Report of the Railroad Riots in July 1877
5108:
5099:
5047:. New York: Harper Collins. p. 248.
4887:
4885:
4769:
2666:
11125:1876 United States presidential election
10955:History of the United States (1865–1917)
6484:Anti-union violence in the United States
5761:1877: America's Year of Living Violently
5679:
5513:
5327:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5162:
5160:
5068:
4188:went on strike as well. In Chicago, the
4091:
3976:
3963:
3770:
1221:
209:
11229:Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
11047:
7531:Pacific Electric Railway strike of 1903
5567:
5522:
5486:
5431:
5425:
5413:
5320:
5209:
4929:
4908:
4846:
4353:Workingmen's Party of the United States
4345:
3820:Meanwhile, the strike also spread into
3731:Many of the new immigrant workers were
11400:Riots and civil disorder in Pittsburgh
11347:
11173:United States Civil Service Commission
10614:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
9660:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
7878:
7803:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
7644:1899 Coeur d'Alene labor confrontation
7447:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
7415:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
6955:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
6725:Bituminous coal miners' strike of 1894
6367:Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912
6335:Streetcar strikes in the United States
6295:Streetcar strikes in the United States
5991:"The B&O Railroad Strike of 1877."
5653:
5466:
5203:
5140:
5074:
5015:
4891:
4882:
4689:The Review of Economics and Statistics
4517:
1622:
11021:
10899:Women's suffrage in the United States
9588:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction
7852:
7158:1895 New Orleans dockworkers massacre
6960:Indianapolis streetcar strike of 1913
6519:
6194:
6082:
5779:
5632:
5626:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5525:"Camden Yards and the Strike of 1877"
5380:
5281:
5217:(3rd ed.). Fawcett Publications.
5166:
5157:
5146:
4989:
4987:
4876:
4864:
4816:
4728:. New York: Basic Books. p. 65.
4721:
4622:
4496:Maryland State Highway Administration
4207:in the wake of the earlier financial
3634:Panic of 1873 and the Long Depression
2753:
2727:
2640:
2418:
2186:
2051:
1674:
1596:
1380:
1354:
1195:
911:
652:
405:
183:
140:
10006:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo
9694:Confederates surrender at Appomattox
9506:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
7566:Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
7509:Los Angeles Chinese massacre of 1871
6007:. Lane S. Hart State Printer. 1878 .
5803:American Journal of Criminal Justice
5040:
4780:
4662:National Bureau of Economic Research
4097:Pennsylvania state historical marker
3858:to board waiting westward trains to
3739:. But by the late 19th century, the
3679:
11365:Labor disputes in the United States
11168:Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes
11130:1876 Republican National Convention
10862:United Daughters of the Confederacy
9993:American Woman Suffrage Association
9988:National Woman Suffrage Association
9915:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
8214:Women during the Reconstruction era
7536:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
7075:1912 Forsyth County racial conflict
6554:in the history of the United States
6479:Union violence in the United States
6352:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
5987:August 11, 1877. (Catskill Archive)
5922:University of Illinois Press, 2008
5374:
5349:
4748:
4650:
4398:
3988:On July 21, National Guard members
3227:Workers' right to access the toilet
678:
13:
11380:1870s strikes in the United States
10904:Labor history of the United States
9940:South Carolina readmitted to Union
9937:North Carolina readmitted to Union
9920:Impeachment managers investigation
9859:Constitutional conventions of 1867
9535:National Women's Rights Convention
7052:Pensacola streetcar strike of 1908
6869:St. Louis streetcar strike of 1900
6846:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
6642:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877
6387:Copper Country strike of 1913–1914
6316:
6165:
6022:"Catholics and Labor Unionization"
6015:
5971:
5915:University of Chicago Press, 1999
5750:
5314:
5275:
5250:
5112:History of Scranton and Its People
5020:. Waveland Press. pp. 47–48.
4984:
4576:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877
4406:
4168:and other rail centers throughout
4113:Lackawanna Iron & Coal Company
3923:Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877
14:
11471:
11269:University, Hayes and Orton Halls
11188:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
10145:United States expedition to Korea
9852:Reconstruction military districts
6720:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
6039:
5499:. Cengage Learning. p. 499.
5094:Worthington Scranton mining 1871.
4566:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
4446:
4005:Three hundred miles to the east,
3816:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
3654:of the 1930s. The failure of the
11328:
11327:
9699:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
7993:African-American representatives
7813:1914 Butte, Montana, labor riots
7808:Pacific Coast race riots of 1907
6693:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
6499:
6445:Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike
6357:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
6066:. University of Nebraska Lincoln
5109:Hitchcock, Frederick L. (1914).
4550:
4536:
4466:
4033:Philadelphia and Reading Railway
3942:, described as one of the first
3662:was followed quickly by that of
3122:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
2991:
2446:Textile strikes in United States
31:
16:Widespread US rail-worker strike
11430:Labor disputes in West Virginia
11395:1877 labor disputes and strikes
11264:Rutherford B. Hayes High School
10701:Black Reconstruction in America
10574:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
10484:1876 State of the Union Address
10411:1875 State of the Union Address
10338:1874 State of the Union Address
10262:1873 State of the Union Address
10201:1872 State of the Union Address
10150:1871 State of the Union Address
10089:1870 State of the Union Address
10038:1869 State of the Union Address
10033:First transcontinental railroad
9972:1868 State of the Union Address
9879:1867 State of the Union Address
9714:1865 State of the Union Address
9639:1864 State of the Union Address
9613:1863 State of the Union Address
9522:Woman in the Nineteenth Century
7633:1892 Coeur d'Alene labor strike
7194:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
6761:Chicago railroad strike of 1877
6624:New York City Food Riot of 1917
6028:“Great Railroad Strike of 1877”
5863:19#2 (1985), pp. 213–239.
5757:Bellesiles, Michael A. (2010).
5721:
5703:"Great Railroad Strike of 1877"
5695:
5561:
5545:
5481:the history of the great riots.
5479:. National Publishing Company.
5221:
5119:
5034:
5009:
4962:
4949:
4915:. University of Chicago Press.
4902:
4616:
4571:Chicago railroad strike of 1877
4132:Chicago railroad strike of 1877
4000:
3911:
3888:to Baltimore to restore order.
3567:, sometimes referred to as the
2930:Patco (air traffic controllers)
1557:Patco (air traffic controllers)
11425:Labor disputes in Pennsylvania
11072:29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio
11064:President of the United States
9774:Petition for Universal Freedom
9755:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
6796:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
6688:Anthracite coal strike of 1902
6619:1874 Tompkins Square Park riot
6347:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
6273:Cotton pickers' strike of 1891
5967:(1956) 51#3 pp. 118–211.
5228:Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2014).
4742:
4715:
4680:
4298:
3172:Occupational safety and health
3167:Occupational safety and health
2214:North American transit strikes
1:
11355:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
11193:Specie Payment Resumption Act
11183:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
10821:A Visit from the Old Mistress
10520:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
10386:Specie Payment Resumption Act
10011:Board of Indian Commissioners
9943:Louisiana readmitted to Union
9905:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
9769:Tennessee readmitted to Union
9603:Women's Loyal National League
8306:Straight-Out Democratic Party
8077:Confederate States of America
7403:Battle of the Grapevine Creek
7392:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
6864:1877 St. Louis general strike
6801:Springfield race riot of 1908
6584:1880 Garret Rock May Day riot
6182:Great Railroad Strike of 1922
6110:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
5901:115#1 (2017), pp. 1–37.
5075:Cutter, William, ed. (1913).
4644:
4596:Great Railroad Strike of 1922
4581:1877 St. Louis general strike
4393:three days of deadly violence
4260:1877 St. Louis general strike
3916:
3824:to the major railroad hub of
3565:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
3295:Chronological list of strikes
431:
26:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
11445:Pinkerton (detective agency)
10447:Battle of the Little Bighorn
9931:Arkansas readmitted to Union
9837:Knights of the White Camelia
9799:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866
9745:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
9719:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
9677:Special Field Orders No. 15
9500:Slavery in the United States
7212:Enid–Pond Creek Railroad War
7118:New Orleans Massacre of 1866
6730:1912 Lawrence textile strike
6439:West Coast waterfront strike
6223:American labor union history
5965:Maryland Historical Magazine
5929:76#1, 1995, pp. 31–55.
5689:, National Park Service and
5612:. Indiana University Press.
5153:. Philadelphia: J.B. Rogers.
4936:Scott Molloy, "Book Review:
4785:. Harvard University Press.
4428:movement continued to grow.
4136:On July 24, rail traffic in
3761:American Federation of Labor
7:
11203:Presidente Hayes Department
11090:23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
10965:Race (human categorization)
10355:United States v. Cruikshank
9946:Alabama readmitted to Union
9934:Florida readmitted to Union
6698:Philadelphia general strike
5918:Stowell, David O., editor.
5639:. Oxford University Press.
5150:A City's Danger and Defense
4892:Scharf, J. Thomas (1967) .
4529:
4253:
4125:
4081:
4054:
3948:Pennsylvania National Guard
3891:
3809:
3577:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
2550:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
50:July 14 – September 4, 1877
10:
11476:
11440:Labor disputes in Missouri
11435:Labor disputes in Maryland
11420:Labor disputes in Illinois
11405:Martinsburg, West Virginia
11110:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
10166:General Mining Act of 1872
10135:New York custom house ring
10125:Meridian race riot of 1871
10069:Naturalization Act of 1870
7514:San Francisco riot of 1877
7442:Meridian race riot of 1871
7153:1891 New Orleans lynchings
7070:1906 Atlanta race massacre
6899:1909 Omaha anti-Greek riot
6034:Illinois Museum of History
5920:The Great Strikes of 1877,
5568:Haskell, Bob (July 2014).
5321:Stowell, David O. (1999).
5198:Court That Shaped America.
4909:Stowell, David O. (1999).
4781:Katz, Philip Mark (1998).
4601:List of US strikes by size
4504:Martinsburg, West Virginia
4477:National Historic Landmark
4383:San Francisco riot of 1877
4287:. This was the first such
4257:
4129:
4099:for the events in Scranton
4085:
4058:
4020:
4016:
3920:
3813:
3785:Martinsburg, West Virginia
3573:Martinsburg, West Virginia
39:Martinsburg, West Virginia
11390:1877 in the United States
11306:
11277:
11221:
11153:
11082:
11055:
11002:
10932:
10891:
10807:
10758:Been in the Storm So Long
10678:William Archibald Dunning
10638:The American Commonwealth
10606:
10599:
10528:
10492:
10419:
10346:
10308:Election Massacre of 1874
10270:
10209:
10158:
10097:
10046:
10016:Public Credit Act of 1869
9980:
9955:Fourth Reconstruction Act
9887:
9864:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
9814:
9727:
9647:
9621:
9608:New York City draft riots
9578:Emancipation Proclamation
9570:
9487:
9480:
9430:
8452:
8406:
8360:
8253:National Union Convention
8233:
8226:
8085:
8062:
7998:Reconstruction Amendments
7988:African-American senators
7893:
7886:
7825:
7778:
7747:
7707:
7682:
7652:
7623:
7598:
7556:
7493:
7468:
7459:
7429:
7382:
7305:
7269:
7239:
7202:
7178:
7108:
7083:
7060:
7036:
7011:
6997:Election Massacre of 1874
6981:
6972:
6941:
6907:
6883:
6854:
6826:
6751:
6742:
6712:
6647:Reading Railroad Massacre
6632:
6597:
6589:1913 Paterson silk strike
6574:
6565:
6497:
6466:
6372:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
6327:
6314:
6229:
6221:Major armed conflicts in
6176:
6163:
6116:
6051:January 14, 2016, at the
5893:10.1080/00236568008584596
5861:Journal of Social History
5780:Bruce, Robert V. (1957).
5733:Historical Marker Project
5707:Historical Marker Project
5432:Skrabec, Quentin (2012).
5147:Logan, Samuel C. (1887).
4498:. Its inscription reads:
4492:Maryland Historical Trust
4111:, general manager of the
4023:Reading Railroad Massacre
3766:
3258:International comparisons
3192:Right to rest and leisure
3132:Employment discrimination
2761:
2678:
2452:
2220:
2085:
1813:St. Petersburg sanitation
1710:
1630:
1388:
1229:
945:
690:
625:US Bituminous coal strike
619:US Bituminous coal strike
586:Indiana bituminous strike
441:
270:northern Minnesota lumber
217:
176:
122:
117:
88:
83:
65:
54:
46:
30:
25:
11100:Battle of South Mountain
10474:Safe burglary conspiracy
10361:Civil Rights Act of 1875
10140:Civil service commission
9740:Memphis massacre of 1866
9735:Civil Rights Act of 1866
9551:Confiscation Act of 1862
9546:Confiscation Act of 1861
8301:Liberal Republican Party
7983:Conservative Republicans
7674:Battle of Lincoln (1878)
7608:Honolulu Courthouse riot
7547:Preparedness Day Bombing
7279:Memphis massacre of 1866
7224:McIntosh County Seat War
6917:Cincinnati riots of 1884
6874:St. Louis bullfight riot
6409:Battle of Blair Mountain
6398:1920 Alabama coal strike
5523:Gillett, Sylvia (1991).
5438:. ABC-CLIO. p. 81.
5016:Singer, Merrill (2007).
4832:. Taylor & Francis.
3043:Social movement unionism
2832:Illinois Central shopmen
2018:University of California
1459:Illinois Central shopmen
939:US manufacturing strikes
564:Battle of Blair Mountain
169:Labor disputes by sector
10970:Reconstruction Treaties
10789:A Nation Under Our Feet
10737:From Slavery to Freedom
10567:Williams v. Mississippi
10551:United States v. Harris
10442:Great Sioux War of 1876
10381:Yazoo City Riot of 1875
10283:Battle of Liberty Place
10171:Crédit Mobilier scandal
10120:Alcorn State University
10059:Enforcement Act of 1870
9925:Articles of impeachment
9832:Indian Peace Commission
9750:Swing Around the Circle
9687:Freedmen's Bureau bills
9529:Seneca Falls Convention
8258:Radical Democracy Party
8209:Freedman's Savings Bank
7420:West Virginia coal wars
7363:Slocum Massacre of 1910
7141:Battle of Liberty Place
7027:Hartford coal mine riot
6817:East St. Louis massacre
6653:Scranton general strike
6506:Portal:Organized Labour
6427:Columbine Mine massacre
5887:(1980) 21#4 pp 522–545
5820:OAH Magazine of History
5765:. New York: New Press.
5667:. National Park Service
5633:Brown, Richard (1975).
5574:National Guard Magazine
5381:Piper, Jessica (2013).
5282:Piper, Jessica (2013).
5167:Cahan, Richard (2002).
4722:Masur, Gerhard (1970).
4623:White, Richard (2017).
4586:Scranton general strike
4544:Organized labour portal
4375:due to the strike. The
4318:previously used in the
4232:Illinois National Guard
4109:William Walker Scranton
4088:Scranton General Strike
3841:Maryland National Guard
3726:revolutionary socialism
3253:Trade union federations
3248:Trade unions by country
2079:Steel strikes in the US
1064:International Harvester
637:Warrior Met Coal strike
596:Columbine Mine massacre
576:UMW General Coal Strike
556:West Virginia coal wars
543:Hartford coal mine riot
325:California agricultural
37:Blockade of engines at
11385:1877 in rail transport
11259:Hayes County, Nebraska
11074:(1868–1872, 1876–1877)
10945:Forty acres and a mule
10668:Walter Lynwood Fleming
10453:United States v. Reese
10110:Second Enforcement Act
8340:Prohibition Convention
8072:Southern United States
7583:Colorado Coalfield War
7409:Tucker County Seat War
7345:Jaybird–Woodpecker War
7296:Battle of Depot Street
6659:1877 Shamokin uprising
6377:Colorado Coalfield War
6321:
6170:
5822:(1999) 13#w pp 38–47.
5782:1877: Year of Violence
4974:The National Guardsman
4959:Greenwood Press, 1983.
4944:Technology and Culture
4591:1877 Shamokin uprising
4512:
4457:West Virginia Governor
4389:anti-Chinese sentiment
4291:in the United States.
4103:On August 1, 1877, in
4100:
4061:1877 Shamokin uprising
3985:
3974:
3936:Thomas Alexander Scott
3852:Mount Vernon-Belvedere
3790:West Virginia Governor
3776:
3748:James Cardinal Gibbons
3571:, began on July 14 in
3152:Freedom of association
2887:NYC teamsters truckers
2801:New Orleans waterfront
2171:Allegheny Technologies
2103:U.S. Steel recognition
1514:NYC teamsters truckers
1428:New Orleans waterfront
1138:St. Paul Park refinery
570:Alabama miners' strike
529:Colorado Coalfield War
498:Anthracite coal strike
468:Bituminous coal strike
451:Mahoning Valley strike
307:Vacaville tree pruners
11460:September 1877 events
11415:1877 in West Virginia
11254:Club Presidente Hayes
11208:Chinese Exclusion Act
11115:Ohio State University
11105:Army of West Virginia
10919:Civil rights movement
10855:The Birth of a Nation
10464:Centennial Exposition
10318:Black Hills Gold Rush
10233:Slaughter-House Cases
10105:Ku Klux Klan hearings
9583:General Order No. 143
8202:James Mitchell Ashley
7757:Rock Springs massacre
7692:Hells Canyon Massacre
7519:Mussel Slough Tragedy
7503:Anti-Chinese violence
7339:San Elizario Salt War
7260:Phoenix election riot
7218:Brooks–McFarland feud
6928:May Day riots of 1894
6451:Memorial Day massacre
6320:
6243:Rock Springs massacre
6237:Great Railroad Strike
6169:
6046:"The Strike of 1877."
5957:(W.W. Norton, 2011).
5853:47.1 (2013): 93–110.
5236:Boston. p. 166.
5041:Zinn, Howard (1995).
4668:on September 25, 2008
4508:a national depression
4500:
4357:Greenback-Labor Party
4241:Battle of the Viaduct
4095:
4011:Pennsylvania Governor
3980:
3967:
3940:Pennsylvania Railroad
3856:Camden Street Station
3774:
3617:Paris Commune of 1871
3137:Employment protection
3117:Collective bargaining
3023:Exploitation of labor
2954:Montreal longshoremen
2881:Minneapolis teamsters
2875:West Coast waterfront
2838:West Coast waterfront
2771:Great Railroad Strike
2670:Great Railroad Strike
2134:Memorial Day massacre
1581:Montreal longshoremen
1508:Minneapolis teamsters
1502:West Coast waterfront
1465:West Coast waterfront
1398:Great Railroad Strike
492:Carterville Mine Riot
364:Puget Sound fishermen
11249:Laudo Hayes Firm Day
11140:Electoral Commission
10500:Electoral Commission
10376:Clifton Riot of 1875
10130:Treaty of Washington
9822:Tenure of Office Act
9780:National Labor Union
9495:American Indian Wars
8345:Electoral Commission
8335:Greenback Convention
8098:Free people of color
8038:Federal bureaucracy
7978:Moderate Republicans
7727:Seattle riot of 1886
7374:Houston riot of 1917
7230:Green Corn Rebellion
7163:Robert Charles riots
7099:French–Eversole feud
5735:. September 27, 2014
5709:. September 15, 2014
5606:Gilje, Paul (1999).
4997:. UE News. June 2002
4940:By David O. Stowell"
4757:on November 19, 2003
4415:. States formed new
4346:Aftermath and legacy
4045:Coal and Iron Police
3873:"Pratt Street Riots"
3871:worst of the bloody
3843:, were called up by
3498:Industrial relations
3487:Academic disciplines
3083:National-syndicalism
3053:Democratic socialism
2893:Vancouver waterfront
2599:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
1795:Cleveland convention
1704:in the United States
1520:Vancouver waterfront
1223:Metal mining strikes
631:Pittston Coal strike
592:Colorado Coal Strike
523:Paint Creek mine war
504:Carbon county strike
211:Agricultural strikes
11319:James A. Garfield →
11297:Rutherford P. Hayes
11243:These Are My Jewels
11049:Rutherford B. Hayes
10849:D. W. Griffith
10834:The Leopard's Spots
10724:The American Crisis
10658:Columbia University
10625:The Prostrate State
10619:James Shepherd Pike
10536:Posse Comitatus Act
10459:Trader post scandal
10247:Coinage Act of 1873
10021:Black Friday (1869)
9869:Peonage Act of 1867
9847:Reconstruction Acts
9827:Command of Army Act
9562:Militia Act of 1862
7973:Radical Republicans
7921:Rutherford B. Hayes
7722:Tacoma riot of 1885
7577:Colorado Labor Wars
7478:Pleasant Valley War
7397:Lincoln County feud
7351:Reese–Townsend feud
6341:Colorado Labor Wars
5843:(2009) pp 177–190.
5387:The History Teacher
5288:The History Teacher
5127:"Hyde Park History"
4879:, pp. 347–349.
4867:, pp. 346–347.
4524:Posse Comitatus Act
4518:Posse Comitatus Act
4413:conspiracy statutes
4308:Rutherford B. Hayes
3868:Old Town /Jonestown
3720:In the wake of the
3646:with the financial
3642:, beginning in the
3078:Anarcho-syndicalism
2936:SEPTA Regional Rail
2899:Gulf Coast maritime
2856:Portland waterfront
2587:Los Angeles garment
2505:New York shirtwaist
1827:Baltimore municipal
1563:SEPTA Regional Rail
1526:Gulf Coast maritime
1483:Portland waterfront
1280:Colorado Labor Wars
1180:United Auto Workers
1083:International Paper
517:Westmoreland strike
384:Watsonville Cannery
301:Santa Clara cannery
282:Imperial cantaloupe
106:Unofficial militias
11455:August 1877 events
11312:← Ulysses S. Grant
11178:Star Route scandal
11135:Compromise of 1877
10868:Gone with the Wind
10731:John Hope Franklin
10587:Disenfranchisement
10559:Plessy v. Ferguson
10543:Civil Rights Cases
10505:Compromise of 1877
10396:Wheeler Compromise
10313:Vicksburg massacre
10298:Timber Culture Act
10288:Coushatta massacre
10227:Timber Culture Act
10181:Star Route scandal
10064:Justice Department
9961:Georgia v. Stanton
9950:Opelousas massacre
9541:American Civil War
8350:Compromise of 1877
8052:Justice Department
8016:Federal judiciary
7895:Federal government
7880:Reconstruction era
7792:Fence Cutting Wars
7763:Johnson County War
7698:Sheepshooters' War
7668:Lincoln County War
7638:Deep Creek murders
7571:Colorado Range War
7541:Wheatland hop riot
7484:Bisbee Deportation
7357:Brownsville affair
7321:Sutton–Taylor feud
7147:Thibodaux massacre
7135:Coushatta massacre
7123:Opelousas massacre
7046:Barber–Mizell feud
6933:Akron riot of 1900
6778:Illinois coal wars
6322:
6307:Illinois coal wars
6261:Thibodaux massacre
6171:
5978:"The Great Strike"
5911:Stowell, David O.
5805:33.1 (2008): 1–18.
5609:Rioting in America
5361:www.britannica.com
5262:www.britannica.com
4970:"The Great Strike"
4373:Democratic Parties
4273:Workingman's Party
4190:Workingmen's Party
4142:Baltimore and Ohio
4101:
3986:
3975:
3864:Phoenix Shot Tower
3777:
3187:Professional abuse
2850:Seattle waterfront
1880:Broadway musicians
1837:Atlanta sanitation
1807:Memphis sanitation
1624:Sanitation strikes
1477:Seattle waterfront
480:Illinois coal wars
329:Santa Clara cherry
96:Workingmen's Party
94:Railroad workers;
11342:
11341:
11015:
11014:
10998:
10997:
10924:American frontier
10778:Kenneth M. Stampp
10595:
10594:
10437:Ellenton massacre
10278:Brooks–Baxter War
10027:Ex parte McCardle
9793:Ex parte Milligan
9682:Freedmen's Bureau
9598:National Bank Act
9476:
9475:
8311:Victoria Woodhull
8222:
8221:
8093:African Americans
8064:State governments
8047:Freedmen's Bureau
7846:
7845:
7821:
7820:
7769:Spring Creek raid
7662:Colfax County War
7525:Castaic Range War
7455:
7454:
7315:Early–Hasley feud
7021:Brooks–Baxter War
6968:
6967:
6949:Bay View massacre
6841:1894 Detroit riot
6836:1891 Detroit riot
6738:
6737:
6682:Lattimer massacre
6670:Morewood massacre
6513:
6512:
6433:Harlan County War
6421:Hanapepe massacre
6403:Battle of Matewan
6301:Lattimer massacre
6267:Morewood massacre
6249:Bay View massacre
6188:
6187:
4955:Ingham, John N.,
4217:contempt of court
4075:Susquehanna River
3959:George R. Snowden
3906:Buffalo, New York
3845:Maryland Governor
3828:, county seat of
3793:Henry M. Matthews
3680:Reason for strike
3561:
3560:
3518:Post-work society
3347:Solidarity action
3157:Legal working age
3013:Conflict theories
2963:
2962:
2844:NYC Harbor Strike
2826:New Orleans Levee
2820:Chicago teamsters
2795:Buffalo switchmen
2755:Transport strikes
2721:
2720:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2409:
2408:
2224:Streetcar strikes
2180:
2179:
2109:Pressed Steel Car
2045:
2044:
1868:Detroit newspaper
1759:Fleischer Studios
1668:
1667:
1590:
1589:
1471:NYC Harbor Strike
1453:New Orleans Levee
1447:Chicago teamsters
1422:Buffalo switchmen
1382:Transport strikes
1348:
1347:
1189:
1188:
1132:Bath shipbuilders
905:
904:
646:
645:
602:Harlan County War
560:Battle of Matewan
474:Lattimer massacre
457:Morewood massacre
399:
398:
252:Seattle fishermen
135:
134:
113:
112:
11467:
11450:July 1877 events
11331:
11330:
11145:Oakwood Cemetery
11095:Kanawha Division
11075:
11067:
11042:
11035:
11028:
11019:
11018:
10881:Race and Reunion
10828:Thomas Dixon Jr.
10718:William R. Brock
10708:C. Vann Woodward
10695:W. E. B. Du Bois
10685:Charles A. Beard
10645:Claude G. Bowers
10604:
10603:
10427:Hamburg massacre
10406:Pratt & Boyd
10371:Mississippi Plan
10328:Anti-Moiety Acts
10323:Sanborn incident
10115:Ku Klux Klan Act
9786:Ex parte Garland
9593:Ten percent plan
9485:
9484:
8231:
8230:
8182:Thaddeus Stevens
8167:Republican Party
8160:Samuel J. Tilden
8150:Bourbon Democrat
8145:Democratic Party
7916:Ulysses S. Grant
7891:
7890:
7873:
7866:
7859:
7850:
7849:
7826:Related articles
7738:Everett massacre
7732:Bellingham riots
7466:
7465:
7437:Greene–Jones War
7368:Boyce–Sneed feud
7333:Mason County War
7254:Hamburg massacre
7093:Rowan County War
6979:
6978:
6893:Camp Dump strike
6784:Battle of Virden
6766:Haymarket affair
6749:
6748:
6676:Homestead strike
6572:
6571:
6540:
6533:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6503:
6467:Related articles
6392:Everett massacre
6379:, including the
6278:Homestead Strike
6255:Haymarket affair
6215:
6208:
6201:
6192:
6191:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6008:
5953:White, Richard.
5927:New York History
5828:10.2307/25163309
5795:
5776:
5764:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5699:
5693:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5470:
5464:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5193:
5174:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5089:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4966:
4960:
4953:
4947:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4820:
4814:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4778:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4753:. Archived from
4746:
4740:
4739:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4664:. Archived from
4654:
4640:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4460:Henry M. Mathews
4433:B&O Railroad
4399:Economic effects
4365:Knights of Labor
4340:Albany, New York
4312:Phillip Sheridan
4224:Mayor of Chicago
4146:Illinois Central
3848:John Lee Carroll
3822:western Maryland
3804:Rutherford Hayes
3741:Knights of Labor
3652:Great Depression
3553:
3546:
3539:
3493:Critique of work
3337:Pen-down strikes
3048:Social democracy
2995:
2985:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2756:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2673:
2671:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2533:
2486:North Adams shoe
2480:New England shoe
2447:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2339:Century Airlines
2215:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2048:
1771:Disney animators
1705:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1625:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
961:El Paso smelters
940:
932:
925:
918:
909:
908:
861:French Caribbean
727:Haymarket Affair
685:
683:
673:
666:
659:
650:
649:
606:Battle of Evarts
484:Battle of Virden
436:
426:
419:
412:
403:
402:
345:Stockton cannery
295:Imperial lettuce
212:
204:
197:
190:
181:
180:
170:
161:
154:
147:
138:
137:
90:
89:
41:on July 16, 1877
35:
23:
22:
11475:
11474:
11470:
11469:
11468:
11466:
11465:
11464:
11345:
11344:
11343:
11338:
11302:
11285:Lucy Webb Hayes
11273:
11236:President Hayes
11217:
11149:
11078:
11070:
11059:
11051:
11046:
11016:
11011:
10994:
10985:White supremacy
10928:
10887:
10875:David W. Blight
10803:
10713:Joel Williamson
10690:Howard K. Beale
10591:
10580:Giles v. Harris
10524:
10515:Desert Land Act
10488:
10415:
10342:
10266:
10252:Long Depression
10222:Colfax massacre
10205:
10186:Salary Grab Act
10154:
10093:
10074:Kirk–Holden war
10042:
9976:
9883:
9810:
9723:
9704:Shaw University
9643:
9629:Wade–Davis Bill
9617:
9566:
9472:
9426:
8448:
8402:
8356:
8236:
8218:
8155:Horatio Seymour
8081:
8065:
8058:
7906:Abraham Lincoln
7896:
7882:
7877:
7847:
7842:
7817:
7774:
7743:
7703:
7678:
7648:
7619:
7594:
7589:Ludlow Massacre
7552:
7489:
7451:
7425:
7378:
7301:
7265:
7235:
7198:
7188:Kirk–Holden war
7174:
7129:Colfax massacre
7104:
7079:
7056:
7032:
7007:
6964:
6937:
6903:
6879:
6850:
6822:
6811:Aldermen's wars
6734:
6708:
6664:Pittsburgh riot
6628:
6607:Mamaroneck riot
6593:
6561:
6544:
6514:
6509:
6493:
6462:
6415:Herrin massacre
6381:Ludlow Massacre
6323:
6312:
6225:
6219:
6189:
6184:
6172:
6161:
6112:
6107:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6053:Wayback Machine
6042:
6018:
6016:Popular history
5999:
5983:Harper's Weekly
5974:
5972:Primary sources
5851:History Teacher
5792:
5773:
5753:
5751:Further reading
5748:
5738:
5736:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5647:
5631:
5627:
5620:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5570:"Off the Rails"
5566:
5562:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5491:
5487:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5418:
5414:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5363:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5335:
5319:
5315:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5244:
5226:
5222:
5211:Brecher, Jeremy
5208:
5204:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5165:
5158:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5107:
5100:
5087:
5085:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4985:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4954:
4950:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4907:
4903:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4821:
4817:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4779:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4749:Shelton, Josh.
4747:
4743:
4736:
4725:Imperial Berlin
4720:
4716:
4701:10.2307/1927196
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4619:
4558:Railways portal
4556:
4551:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4532:
4520:
4469:
4449:
4409:
4407:Labor relations
4401:
4385:
4377:Bureau of Labor
4348:
4301:
4262:
4256:
4197:Thomas Drummond
4134:
4128:
4090:
4084:
4063:
4057:
4025:
4019:
4003:
3983:Harper's Weekly
3971:Harper's Weekly
3925:
3919:
3914:
3894:
3830:Allegany County
3818:
3812:
3781:John W. Garrett
3769:
3682:
3640:Long Depression
3636:
3557:
3528:
3527:
3523:Refusal of work
3503:Labor economics
3488:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3362:Wildcat strikes
3357:Whipsaw strikes
3342:Sitdown strikes
3289:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3217:Toxic workplace
3101:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3005:
2984:Organized labor
2983:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2862:Railway shopmen
2783:Great Southwest
2757:
2754:
2752:
2722:
2717:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2605:Montreal Cotton
2531:
2511:Chicago garment
2448:
2445:
2443:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2296:Bloomington, IL
2216:
2213:
2211:
2181:
2176:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2046:
2041:
1999:Stop & Shop
1886:CA supermarkets
1706:
1703:
1702:Service strikes
1701:
1699:
1669:
1664:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1591:
1586:
1489:Railway shopmen
1410:Great Southwest
1384:
1381:
1379:
1349:
1344:
1239:Upper Peninsula
1225:
1222:
1220:
1190:
1185:
1091: 1986–1987
1085: 1987-1988
941:
938:
936:
906:
901:
686:
682:General strikes
681:
679:
677:
647:
642:
580:Herrin massacre
533:Ludlow Massacre
437:
432:
430:
400:
395:
227:Thibodaux sugar
213:
210:
208:
172:
168:
165:
131:
130:
109:
107:
105:
103:
98:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11473:
11463:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11340:
11339:
11337:
11336:
11323:
11322:
11315:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11300:
11294:
11288:
11281:
11279:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11239:
11231:
11225:
11223:
11219:
11218:
11216:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11151:
11150:
11148:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11086:
11084:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11076:
11068:
11056:
11053:
11052:
11045:
11044:
11037:
11030:
11022:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11009:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10996:
10995:
10993:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10936:
10934:
10930:
10929:
10927:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10895:
10893:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10885:
10877:
10872:
10864:
10859:
10851:
10846:
10838:
10830:
10825:
10817:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10793:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10767:
10762:
10754:
10749:
10741:
10733:
10728:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10682:
10681:
10680:
10673:Dunning School
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10651:The Tragic Era
10647:
10642:
10634:
10629:
10621:
10616:
10610:
10608:
10607:Historiography
10601:
10597:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10584:
10576:
10571:
10563:
10555:
10547:
10539:
10532:
10530:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10496:
10494:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10486:
10481:
10479:1876 elections
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10416:
10414:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10350:
10348:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10335:
10333:1874 elections
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10236:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10213:
10211:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10196:1872 elections
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10162:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10101:
10099:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10091:
10086:
10084:1870 elections
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10054:15th Amendment
10050:
10048:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9995:
9990:
9984:
9982:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9974:
9969:
9967:1868 elections
9964:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9944:
9941:
9938:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9902:
9897:
9895:14th Amendment
9891:
9889:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9855:
9854:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9818:
9816:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9808:
9806:1866 elections
9802:
9801:
9796:
9789:
9782:
9777:
9770:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9731:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9668:
9667:
9657:
9655:13th Amendment
9651:
9649:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9641:
9636:
9634:1864 elections
9631:
9625:
9623:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9574:
9572:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9564:
9559:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9532:
9526:
9518:
9510:
9502:
9497:
9491:
9489:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9434:
9432:
9431:U.S. elections
9428:
9427:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9344:
9336:
9331:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9260:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9044:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
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8187:Lyman Trumbull
8184:
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8177:Charles Sumner
8174:
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7911:Andrew Johnson
7908:
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7330:
7327:Las Cuevas War
7324:
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7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7293:
7290:Coal Creek War
7287:
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7264:
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7251:
7245:
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7241:South Carolina
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7180:North Carolina
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6991:Eutaw massacre
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6808:
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6772:Pullman Strike
6769:
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6289:Pullman Strike
6286:
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6117:Events by city
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6040:External links
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4447:National Guard
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4417:National Guard
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4384:
4381:
4361:Populist Party
4347:
4344:
4320:Reconstruction
4300:
4297:
4289:general strike
4281:eight-hour day
4277:Missouri River
4266:East St. Louis
4258:Main article:
4255:
4252:
4130:Main article:
4127:
4124:
4086:Main article:
4083:
4080:
4059:Main article:
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4021:Main article:
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3999:
3952:John Hartranft
3921:Main article:
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3814:Main article:
3811:
3808:
3768:
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3757:Samuel Gompers
3681:
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3581:National Guard
3569:Great Upheaval
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3305:General strike
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3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
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3129:
3127:Eight-hour day
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3119:
3114:
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3003:Labor movement
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2807:Pullman Strike
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1939:Fight for $ 15
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1434:Pullman Strike
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1302:Copper Country
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1114:Oil refineries
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1077:Todd Shipyards
1073:
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1049:
1046:General Motors
1043:
1040:General Motors
1037:
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1010:Flint sit-down
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537:The 10-Day War
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463:Coal Creek War
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361:
358:Hawaiian sugar
354:
353:
349:
348:
342:
336:
333:El Monte berry
322:
316:
313:Wisconsin milk
310:
304:
298:
291:
290:
286:
285:
279:
276:Hanapepe sugar
273:
267:
264:Wheatland hops
261:
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233:Cotton pickers
230:
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120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
104:National Guard
102:Federal troops
101:
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80:
78:demonstrations
67:
63:
62:
56:
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36:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11472:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11352:
11350:
11335:
11334:
11325:
11324:
11321:
11320:
11316:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11308:
11305:
11298:
11295:
11292:
11289:
11286:
11283:
11282:
11280:
11276:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11244:
11240:
11238:
11237:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11156:
11152:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11120:Spiegel Grove
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11081:
11073:
11069:
11065:
11062:
11058:
11057:
11054:
11050:
11043:
11038:
11036:
11031:
11029:
11024:
11023:
11020:
11008:
11005:
11004:
11001:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10950:Habeas corpus
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10937:
10935:
10931:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10890:
10883:
10882:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10870:
10869:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10857:
10856:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10844:
10843:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10818:
10816:
10815:Winslow Homer
10813:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10799:
10798:
10794:
10791:
10790:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10773:
10772:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10747:
10746:
10745:After Slavery
10742:
10739:
10738:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10703:
10702:
10698:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10679:
10676:
10675:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10626:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10611:
10609:
10605:
10602:
10598:
10588:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10569:
10568:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10548:
10545:
10544:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10527:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10510:Nez Perce War
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10491:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10418:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10401:Delano affair
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10356:
10352:
10351:
10349:
10345:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10293:Red River War
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10269:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10257:Comstock laws
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10241:
10237:
10235:
10234:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10217:Panic of 1873
10215:
10214:
10212:
10208:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10157:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10096:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10045:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10028:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
10000:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9979:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9962:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9945:
9942:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9930:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9892:
9890:
9886:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9813:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9794:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9709:New Departure
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9688:
9685:
9684:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9666:
9663:
9662:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9646:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9620:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9573:
9569:
9563:
9560:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9536:
9533:
9530:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9483:
9479:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9429:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9345:
9343:
9342:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9132:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9045:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8844:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8710:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8591:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:Gubernatorial
8451:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8265:
8264:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8232:
8229:
8225:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8192:Benjamin Wade
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8169:
8168:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8115:Carpetbaggers
8113:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8042:Edwin Stanton
8040:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7874:
7869:
7867:
7862:
7860:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7824:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7786:Railroad Wars
7784:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7590:
7587:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7548:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:(1860s–1890s)
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7384:West Virginia
7381:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7177:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7028:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6922:Reservoir war
6920:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6680:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6548:
6541:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6527:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6457:Hilo massacre
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6168:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6104:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6011:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5994:The Statesman
5992:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5885:Labor History
5882:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5791:9780929587059
5787:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5772:9781595584410
5768:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5754:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5648:
5646:9780198020172
5642:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5621:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5595:
5590:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5540:
5538:0-87722-823-X
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5517:
5508:
5506:9780495915256
5502:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5447:
5445:9780313398629
5441:
5437:
5436:
5428:
5421:
5416:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5393:(1): 93–110.
5392:
5388:
5384:
5377:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5334:0-226-77668-9
5330:
5326:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5294:(1): 93–110.
5293:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5245:
5243:9780807057834
5239:
5235:
5231:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5199:
5188:
5186:0-8101-1981-1
5182:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5163:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5143:
5132:September 11,
5128:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5103:
5095:
5088:September 11,
5084:
5080:
5079:
5071:
5056:
5054:0-06-052842-7
5050:
5046:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5012:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4958:
4952:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4932:
4924:
4922:9780226776699
4918:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4888:
4886:
4878:
4873:
4866:
4861:
4854:
4849:
4841:
4839:0-8240-0944-4
4835:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4824:David Glasner
4819:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4792:0-674-32348-3
4788:
4784:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4737:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4548:
4545:
4539:
4534:
4527:
4525:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4467:Commemoration
4464:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4283:and a ban on
4282:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:Chicago Times
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:U.S. Marshals
4210:
4209:Panic of 1873
4206:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3944:robber barons
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:Panic of 1873
3718:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3674:underemployed
3671:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:Panic of 1873
3645:
3644:United States
3641:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:rolling stock
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:Labor history
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:New Caledonia
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3381:Labor parties
3377:
3376:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:Overtime bans
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:Strike action
3283:
3282:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:Paid time off
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Four-day week
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Union busting
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2619:
2618:NYC Chinatown
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:Ipswich Mills
2542:
2539:
2538:Paterson silk
2536:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2401:
2400:Lyft and Uber
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:New York City
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:New York City
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:New York City
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:San Francisco
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:Writers Guild
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:UC Santa Cruz
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:Tacoma nurses
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:Writers Guild
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:Writers Guild
1854:
1851:
1850:Writers Guild
1848:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:Writers Guild
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1740:Boston police
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
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1314:Anaconda Road
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1284:Idaho Springs
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1267:Coeur d'Alene
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1253:Cripple Creek
1251:
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1247:Coeur d'Alene
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1035:
1034:Chrysler Auto
1032:
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1017:
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1005:
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999:
996:
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979:Boston cigars
977:
974:
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948:
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781:San Francisco
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759:
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747:
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743:
739:
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724:
723:First May Day
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638:
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632:
629:
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623:
620:
617:
616:
613:1940s – 2020s
612:
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597:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
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574:
571:
568:
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561:
557:
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553:
550:1920s – 1930s
549:
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541:
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445:1870s – 1900s
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391:
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352:1940s–present
351:
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288:
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268:
265:
262:
259:
258:Grabow lumber
256:
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40:
34:
29:
24:
19:
11326:
11317:
11310:
11241:
11235:
11222:Public image
11182:
10990:Whitecapping
10960:Paramilitary
10933:Other topics
10914:Jim Crow era
10879:
10866:
10853:
10840:
10832:
10819:
10795:
10787:
10769:
10756:
10752:Leon Litwack
10743:
10735:
10722:
10699:
10663:John Burgess
10649:
10636:
10623:
10578:
10565:
10557:
10549:
10541:
10519:
10451:
10391:Whiskey Ring
10353:
10303:White League
10239:
10231:
10079:Shoffner Act
10025:
9998:
9959:
9842:Pulaski riot
9791:
9784:
9772:
9520:
9512:
9504:
9348:
9340:
8235:Presidential
8197:John Bingham
8135:White League
8120:Ku Klux Klan
7887:Participants
7670:(1878; 1881)
7391:
7284:Pulaski riot
6634:Pennsylvania
6613:Orange Riots
6551:civil unrest
6504:
6328:20th century
6230:19th century
6109:
6070:September 1,
6068:. Retrieved
6063:
6004:
6000:
5993:
5981:
5964:
5954:
5940:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5898:
5884:
5874:
5860:
5850:
5840:
5819:
5809:
5802:
5784:. I.R. Dee.
5781:
5760:
5737:. Retrieved
5732:
5723:
5711:. Retrieved
5706:
5697:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5664:
5655:
5635:
5628:
5608:
5601:
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5573:
5563:
5553:
5547:
5528:
5495:
5488:
5480:
5475:
5468:
5459:
5454:
5434:
5427:
5415:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5360:
5351:
5323:
5316:
5291:
5287:
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5261:
5252:
5234:Beacon Press
5229:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5197:
5190:. Retrieved
5170:
5149:
5142:
5130:. Retrieved
5121:
5111:
5093:
5086:. Retrieved
5077:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5043:
5036:
5017:
5011:
4999:. Retrieved
4977:
4973:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4911:
4904:
4894:
4872:
4860:
4848:
4828:
4818:
4811:of Politics.
4806:
4801:
4782:
4759:. Retrieved
4755:the original
4744:
4724:
4717:
4695:(1): 69–73.
4692:
4688:
4682:
4670:. Retrieved
4666:the original
4661:
4652:
4625:
4617:Bibliography
4521:
4513:
4501:
4481:
4471:In 2003 the
4470:
4450:
4441:pension plan
4430:
4422:
4410:
4402:
4386:
4349:
4302:
4293:
4263:
4244:
4228:Monroe Heath
4221:
4194:
4135:
4120:Gatling guns
4117:
4102:
4064:
4026:
4007:Philadelphia
4004:
4001:Philadelphia
3987:
3982:
3969:
3932:Pennsylvania
3926:
3912:Pennsylvania
3895:
3886:U.S. Marines
3882:Camden Yards
3834:
3819:
3778:
3759:founded the
3730:
3719:
3703:
3683:
3670:Unemployment
3668:
3637:
3628:
3624:trade unions
3621:
3609:Philadelphia
3589:Pennsylvania
3575:, after the
3568:
3564:
3562:
3367:Work-to-rule
3241:Trade unions
3222:Unfree labor
3212:Six-hour day
3197:Right to sit
3162:Minimum wage
3107:Annual leave
3099:Labor rights
3033:New unionism
2917:Longshoremen
2770:
2668:
2523:Little Falls
2411:
2345:Philadelphia
2290:Portland, ME
2272:Indianapolis
2266:Philadelphia
2236:Indianapolis
2222:
2130:Little Steel
1862:SF newspaper
1819:NYC teachers
1753:Seattle Post
1544:Longshoremen
1397:
1333:Murdochville
1144:Volvo Trucks
1016:Akron rubber
992:Tampa cigars
973:Standard Oil
752:Philadelphia
700:Philadelphia
372:Delano grape
339:Great lumber
127:Monroe Heath
125:
118:Lead figures
18:
11198:Villa Hayes
11066:(1877–1881)
10783:Steven Hahn
10632:James Bryce
10191:Amnesty Act
9672:Black Codes
8361:U.S. Senate
8108:Politicians
8030:Waite Court
8025:Chase Court
8020:Taney Court
7902:Presidents
7799:(1870–1920)
7788:(1864–1912)
7765:(1889–1893)
7700:(1895–1906)
7664:(1873–1888)
7616:(1893–1894)
7585:(1913–1914)
7579:(1903–1904)
7527:(1890–1916)
7480:(1882–1892)
7422:(1912–1921)
7411:(1888–1893)
7399:(1878–1890)
7370:(1911–1912)
7353:(1898–1907)
7347:(1888–1889)
7341:(1877–1878)
7335:(1875–1876)
7323:(1868–1876)
7317:(1865–1869)
7292:(1891–1892)
7226:(1907–1909)
7220:(1896–1902)
7214:(1893–1894)
7169:Grabow riot
7101:(1887–1894)
7095:(1884–1887)
7004:(1892–1893)
7002:Mitcham War
6813:(1916–1921)
6780:(1898–1900)
6615:(1870–1871)
6435:, 1931–1932
6383:, 1913–1914
6343:, 1903–1904
6337:, 1895–1929
6309:, 1898–1899
6297:, 1895–1929
5671:October 13,
4299:Strike ends
4285:child labor
4182:Springfield
4150:Bloomington
4027:Workers in
3737:Freemasonry
3711:land grants
3695:Speculators
3691:agriculture
3664:Henry Clews
3464:South Korea
3444:Netherlands
3439:New Zealand
3112:Child labor
3068:Syndicalism
3038:Proletariat
3018:Decent work
2924:1980s–2000s
2905:NYC tugboat
2869:1930s–1970s
2814:1900s–1920s
2612:1980s–2000s
2581:1930s–1970s
2568:New Bedford
2556:New England
2493:1900s–1920s
2370:1980s–2020s
2333:1930s–1970s
2326:New Orleans
2314:New Orleans
2308:Los Angeles
2302:Twin Cities
2242:Los Angeles
2159:1980s–2020s
2124:1930s–1970s
2117:Great Steel
2089:1800s–1920s
2036:Video games
1989:) 2018–2019
1975:Los Angeles
1957:Video games
1892:UM Janitors
1844:1980s–2000s
1747:1930s–1970s
1726:NYC waiters
1714:1800s–1920s
1551:1980s–2000s
1532:NYC tugboat
1496:1930s–1970s
1441:1900s–1920s
1327:Empire Zinc
1321:1930s–1970s
1274:1900s–1920s
1162:Heaven Hill
1108:2010s–2020s
1071:1980s–2000s
986:1930s–1970s
949:1800s–1920s
786:Minneapolis
733:New Orleans
604:1931–1939 (
482:1898–1900 (
386:(1985–1987)
374:(1965–1970)
319:Yakima hops
240:1900s–1920s
108:City police
11349:Categories
11291:Webb Hayes
11155:Presidency
10909:Gilded Age
10765:Eric Foner
10469:Cattellism
10366:Red Shirts
9481:Key events
8407:U.S. House
8140:Red Shirts
7797:Sheep wars
7709:Washington
7654:New Mexico
7614:Black Week
7495:California
6576:New Jersey
6137:Pittsburgh
6030:Britannica
5619:0253212626
5594:White 2017
5192:October 5,
5060:October 5,
4877:White 2017
4865:White 2017
4809:Gilded Age
4735:0465032095
4645:References
4369:Republican
4359:, and the
4322:after the
4205:bankruptcy
4186:Carbondale
4073:along the
4069:, east of
4041:Harrisburg
3995:roundhouse
3928:Pittsburgh
3917:Pittsburgh
3860:Hagerstown
3826:Cumberland
3745:Archbishop
3605:Pittsburgh
3322:Green bans
3315:newspapers
3207:Sick leave
3202:Sabbatical
2789:Burlington
2693:Pittsburgh
2574:Loray Mill
2474:Mill Women
2462:Mill Women
2152:Nationwide
2146:Nationwide
2140:Nationwide
1929:Government
1910:Stagehands
1801:St. John's
1765:NYC retail
1647:Charleston
1416:Burlington
1182: 2023
1176: 2021
1174:John Deere
1170: 2021
1164: 2021
1158: 2021
1152: 2021
1146: 2021
1140: 2021
1134: 2020
1128: 2016
1122: 2015
1116: 2015
1103: 2008
1097: 2007
1089:John Deere
1079: 1983
1066: 1979
1060: 1954
1054: 1948
1048: 1945
1042: 1939
1036: 1939
1030: 1937
1024: 1936
1018: 1936
1012: 1936
1006: 1934
1000: 1934
994: 1931
981: 1919
975: 1915
969: 1913
967:Studebaker
963: 1913
957: 1877
378:Salad Bowl
10529:Aftermath
10240:Virginius
10176:Modoc War
8227:Elections
8172:Stalwarts
8130:Redeemers
7929:Congress
7271:Tennessee
7110:Louisiana
6790:Pana riot
6567:Northeast
6558:1865–1918
6157:St. Louis
6124:Baltimore
5399:0018-2745
5366:March 17,
5300:0018-2745
5267:March 17,
4490:, by the
4484:Baltimore
4328:Louisiana
4324:Civil War
4316:the South
4305:President
4270:St. Louis
4236:U.S. Army
4174:Braidwood
4049:Pinkerton
3990:bayoneted
3877:Civil War
3866:) in the
3837:Baltimore
3801:President
3752:Baltimore
3733:Catholics
3699:Jay Cooke
3686:Civil War
3684:When the
3656:Jay Cooke
3513:Labor law
3459:Singapore
3414:Hong Kong
3389:Australia
3142:Equal pay
3063:Communism
3058:Socialism
2777:Camp Dump
2713:St. Louis
2683:Baltimore
2552:1914–1915
2525:1912–1913
2499:Skowhegan
2376:Greyhound
2254:Pensacola
2230:St. Louis
2095:Homestead
2030:SAG-AFTRA
1941:2012–2019
1933:Wisconsin
1783:Hollywood
1777:Musicians
1404:Camp Dump
1296:Goldfield
1286:) 1903–04
1261:Leadville
1168:Kellogg's
1150:Frito-Lay
1022:Remington
998:Auto-Lite
758:Vancouver
712:St. Louis
594:1927–28 (
558:1912–21 (
531:1913–14 (
488:Pana riot
434:Coal Wars
390:Frito-Lay
272:1916–1917
61:increases
11333:Category
11163:Red Room
11007:Category
10975:Suffrage
9910:Timeline
8125:Scalawag
8103:Freedman
7558:Colorado
7204:Oklahoma
7085:Kentucky
7013:Arkansas
6885:Nebraska
6856:Missouri
6828:Michigan
6753:Illinois
6599:New York
6177:See also
6152:Shamokin
6147:Scranton
6133:New York
6049:Archived
5949:43520401
5935:23182536
5907:44981112
5835:25163300
5407:43264188
5343:40311590
5308:43264188
5213:(1974).
4672:April 3,
4530:See also
4488:Maryland
4425:Catholic
4336:Syracuse
4254:Missouri
4170:Illinois
4144:and the
4126:Illinois
4105:Scranton
4082:Scranton
4067:Shamokin
4055:Shamokin
3902:Syracuse
3892:New York
3810:Maryland
3660:New York
3658:bank in
3601:Missouri
3597:Illinois
3593:Maryland
3585:New York
3454:Portugal
3394:Barbados
3352:Walkouts
3327:Lockouts
3177:Overwork
3028:Timeline
2974:a series
2971:Part of
2708:Shamokin
2703:Scranton
2593:National
2529:Hopedale
2517:Lawrence
2468:Paterson
2278:St. John
2260:Columbus
1963:Teachers
1916:CBS News
1720:Newsboys
1126:Jim Beam
873:European
810:Paraguay
769:Winnipeg
717:Scranton
74:protests
10600:Aspects
9999:Alabama
9665:Address
9488:Prelude
8444:1876–77
8439:1874–75
8434:1872–73
8429:1870–71
8424:1868–69
8419:1866–67
8414:1864–65
8398:1876–77
8393:1874–75
8388:1872–73
8383:1870–71
8378:1868–69
8373:1866–67
8368:1864–65
7749:Wyoming
7470:Arizona
7062:Georgia
7038:Florida
6983:Alabama
6744:Midwest
6142:Reading
6129:Chicago
5869:3787468
5739:June 2,
5713:June 2,
5579:July 7,
5215:Strike!
5001:May 25,
4761:May 25,
4709:1927196
4453:Midwest
4391:led to
4332:Buffalo
4199:of the
4178:LaSalle
4162:Decatur
4138:Chicago
4071:Sunbury
4029:Reading
4017:Reading
3956:Colonel
3938:of the
3875:of the
3706:capital
3595:, into
3419:Ireland
3409:Georgia
2698:Reading
2688:Chicago
2562:Passaic
2394:Toronto
2388:Toronto
2357:Atlanta
2284:Atlanta
1951:Verizon
1898:Umpires
1874:Verizon
1659:Atlanta
1653:Atlanta
1635:Memphis
1304:1913–14
1298:1906–07
1290:Cananea
1263:1896–97
1156:Nabisco
896:Catalan
890:Catalan
822:Uruguay
816:Namibia
804:Finland
798:Austria
792:Oakland
775:Germany
764:Seattle
706:Catalan
639:2021–23
633:1989–90
627:1977–78
519:1910–11
506:1903–04
84:Parties
70:Strikes
66:Methods
11287:(wife)
11278:Family
10892:Legacy
10884:(2001)
10871:(1939)
10858:(1915)
10845:(1905)
10837:(1902)
10824:(1876)
10808:Memory
10800:(2019)
10792:(2003)
10774:(1988)
10761:(1979)
10748:(1965)
10740:(1947)
10727:(1963)
10704:(1935)
10654:(1929)
10641:(1888)
10628:(1874)
10583:(1903)
10570:(1898)
10562:(1896)
10554:(1883)
10546:(1883)
10538:(1878)
10242:Affair
10001:Claims
9558:(1862)
9537:(1850)
9531:(1848)
9525:(1839)
9517:(1838)
9509:(1792)
8086:Others
7779:Others
7771:(1909)
7759:(1885)
7740:(1916)
7734:(1907)
7694:(1887)
7684:Oregon
7640:(1896)
7610:(1874)
7600:Hawaii
7591:(1914)
7573:(1900)
7549:(1916)
7543:(1913)
7521:(1880)
7486:(1917)
7430:Others
7405:(1888)
7359:(1906)
7329:(1875)
7298:(1897)
7286:(1868)
7262:(1898)
7256:(1876)
7232:(1917)
7190:(1870)
7171:(1912)
7165:(1900)
7149:(1887)
7143:(1874)
7137:(1874)
7131:(1873)
7125:(1868)
7048:(1870)
7029:(1914)
7023:(1874)
6993:(1870)
6951:(1886)
6942:Others
6924:(1887)
6895:(1882)
6876:(1904)
6819:(1917)
6792:(1899)
6786:(1898)
6774:(1894)
6768:(1886)
6713:Others
6700:(1910)
6684:(1897)
6678:(1892)
6672:(1891)
6666:(1886)
6655:(1877)
6649:(1877)
6609:(1870)
6459:, 1938
6453:, 1937
6447:, 1935
6441:, 1934
6429:, 1927
6423:, 1924
6417:, 1922
6411:, 1921
6405:, 1920
6394:, 1916
6303:, 1897
6291:, 1894
6280:, 1892
6269:, 1891
6263:, 1887
6257:, 1886
6251:, 1886
6245:, 1885
6239:, 1877
6010:online
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