5187:
5248:
1090:
4889:
5151:
483:
anti-Western and occasionally, anti-Chinese sentiment, the subsequent brutality of the
Japanese military led many of the inhabitants of those regions to regard Japan as being worse than their former colonial rulers. The Japanese government directed that economies of occupied territories be managed strictly for the production of raw materials for the Japanese war effort; a cabinet member declared, "There are no restrictions. They are enemy possessions. We can take them, do anything we want". For example, according to estimates, under Japanese occupation, about 100,000 Burmese and Malay Indian labourers died while constructing the
5235:
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5260:
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5406:
5394:
5382:
5370:
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5346:
5333:
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5308:
5296:
5175:
5163:
5103:
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33:
591:
523:
493:– a secret document completed in 1943 for high-ranking government use – laid out that Japan, as the originator and strongest military power within the region, would naturally take the superior position within the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, with the other nations under Japan's umbrella of protection. Japanese propaganda was useful in mobilizing Japanese citizens for the war effort, convincing them Japan's expansion was an act of anti-colonial liberation from Western domination. The booklet
552:
3709:
898:
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5139:
5211:
5223:
5091:
5199:
5127:
5115:
5491:
271:
938:. A network of Japanese-sponsored film production, distribution, and exhibition companies extended across the Japanese Empire and was collectively referred to as the Greater East Asian Film Sphere. These film centers mass-produced shorts, newsreels, and feature films to encourage Japanese language acquisition as well as cooperation with Japanese colonial authorities.
466:, raw materials that were vital to Japan's war effort. Without steel and oil imports, Japan's military could not fight for long. As a result of the embargo, Japan decided to attack the British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia from 7 to 19 December 1941, seizing the raw materials needed for the war effort. These efforts were successful, with Japanese politician
921:
language. Multi-lingual pamphlets depicted many Asians marching or working together in happy unity, with the flags of all the states and a map depicting the intended sphere. Others proclaimed that they had given independent governments to the countries they occupied, a claim undermined by the lack of power given to these puppet governments.
444:
If territories were unprofitable, the
Japanese would encourage their subjects, including those in mainland Japan, to endure "economic suffering" and prevent outflow of material to the enemy. Nonetheless, they preached the moral superiority of cultivating a "spiritual essence" instead of prioritising material gain like Western powers.
1081:
The plan divided Japan's future empire into two different groups. The first group of territories were expected to become either part of Japan or otherwise be under its direct administration. Second were those territories that would fall under the control of a number of tightly controlled pro-Japanese
1042:
Although the projected extension of the Co-Prosperity Sphere was extremely ambitious, the
Japanese goal during the "Greater East Asia War" was not to acquire all the territory designated in the plan at once, but to prepare for a future decisive war some 20 years later by conquering the Asian colonies
920:
Pamphlets were dropped by airplane on the
Philippines, Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, Singapore, and Indonesia, urging them to join the movement. Mutual cultural societies were founded in all conquered lands to ingratiate with the natives and try to supplant English with Japanese as the commonly used
880:
The militarists saw everything only from a
Japanese perspective and, even worse, they insisted that all others dealing with them should do the same. For them, there was only one way to do a thing, the Japanese way; only one goal and interest, the Japanese interest; only one destiny for the East Asian
443:
The outbreak of World War II in Europe gave the
Japanese an opportunity to fulfill the objectives of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, without significant pushback from the Western powers or China. This entailed the conquest of Southeast Asian territories to extract their natural resources.
477:
included phrases like "Asia for the
Asiatics" and talked about the need to "liberate" Asian colonies from the control of Western powers. They also planned to change the Chinese hegemony in the agricultural market in Southeast Asia with Japanese immigrants to boost its economic value, with the former
905:
The failure of Japan to understand the goals and interests of the other countries involved in the
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere led to a weak association of countries bound to Japan only in theory and not in spirit. Ba Maw argued that Japan could have engineered a very different outcome if
885:
In other words, the
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere operated not for the betterment of all the Asian countries but for Japan's interests, and thus the Japanese failed to gather support in other Asian countries. Nationalist movements did appear in these Asian countries during this period, and
843:
for rope. The plans were difficult to implement due to limited skills, collapsed international markets, bad weather, and transportation shortages. The program failed, giving very little help to
Japanese industry and diverting resources needed for food production. As Stanley Karnow writes, Filipinos
686:
and Pan-Asian rhetoric, the goals of the conference were to solidify the commitment of certain Asian countries to Japan's war effort and to improve Japan's world image; however, the representatives of the other attending countries were in practice neither independent nor treated as equals by Japan.
847:
Living conditions were poor throughout the Philippines during the war. Transportation between the islands was difficult because of a lack of fuel. Food was in short supply, with sporadic famines and epidemic diseases that killed hundreds of thousands of people. In October 1943, Japan declared the
678:
At the conference, Tojo greeted them with a speech praising the "spiritual essence" of Asia instead of the "materialistic civilisation" of the West. Their meeting was characterised by the praise of solidarity and condemnation of Western colonialism but without practical plans for either economic
947:
482:
to a swift conclusion was blamed in part on the lack of resources; Japanese propaganda claimed this was due to the refusal by Western powers to supply Japan's military. Although invading Japanese forces sometimes received rapturous welcomes throughout recently captured Asian territories due to
5062:
817:, so they tried to grow cotton on sugar lands with disastrous results; they lacked the seeds, pesticides, and technical skills to grow cotton. Jobless farm workers flocked to the cities, where there was minimal relief and few jobs. The Japanese Army also tried using
497:—for the Japanese Army—presented colonialism as an oppressive group of colonists living in luxury by burdening Asians. According to Japan, since racial ties of blood connected other Asians to the Japanese, and Asians had been weakened by colonialism, it was Japan's
5055:
5048:
421:'s advice, Arita emphasised on the economic aspects more. On August 1, Konoe, who still used the original name, expanded the scope of the union to include the territories of Southeast Asia. On November 5, Konoe reaffirmed that a Japan–Manchukuo–China
910:
No military defeat could then have robbed her of the trust and gratitude of half of Asia or even more, and that would have mattered a great deal in finding for her a new, great, and abiding place in a postwar world in which Asia was coming into her
788:. The main goal was to obtain oil but the Dutch colonial government destroyed the oil wells. However, the Japanese could repair and reopen them within a few months of their conquest. However, most tankers transporting oil to Japan were sunk by
1404:
were to accommodate up to two million Japanese settlers. However, there are indications that the Japanese were also looking for a separate peace with Australia, and a satellite state rather than colony status similar to that of Burma and the
776:" of the West. In practice, however, the Japanese installed organisationally-minded bureaucrats and engineers to run their new empire, and they believed in ideals of efficiency, modernisation, and engineering solutions to social problems.
3522:
508:(in office 1941–1942 and 1945), should Japan be successful in creating this sphere, it would emerge as the leader of Eastern Asia, and the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would be synonymous with the Japanese Empire.
768:, as it expanded dramatically during the war, contained two contradictory impulses. On the one hand, it preached the unity of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, a coalition of Asian races directed by Japan against
906:
the Japanese had only managed to act according to the declared aims of "Asia for the Asiatics". He claimed that if Japan had proclaimed this maxim at the beginning of the war and if the Japanese had acted on that idea,
894:, claims that the Japanese government and these nationalist leaders never developed "a real unity of interests between the two parties, there was no overwhelming despair on the part of the Asians at Japan's defeat".
881:
countries, to become so many Manchukuos or Koreas tied forever to Japan. This racial impositions ... made any real understanding between the Japanese militarists and the people of our region virtually impossible.
1078:, and several others do not figure in this project. They were the subject of earlier negotiations with the Germans and were expected to be officially ceded to Japan in return for economic and monetary compensations.
804:
To build up the economic base of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, the Japanese Army envisioned using the Philippine islands as a source of agricultural products needed by its industry. For example, Japan had a surplus of
1897:
1590:'s declaration of war on February 12, 1944, and concluding with Chile only declaring war on Japan by April 11, 1945 (as Nazi Germany was nearly defeated at that time), brought all three of these southeast
1093:
German and Japanese direct spheres of influence at their greatest extents in fall 1942. Arrows show planned movements to the proposed demarcation line at 70° E, which was, however, never even approximated.
998:
A reasonably accurate indication as to the geographic dimensions of the Co-Prosperity Sphere are elaborated on in a Japanese wartime document prepared in December 1941 by the Research Department of the
783:
Japan set up puppet regimes in Manchuria and China; they vanished at the war's end. The Imperial Army operated ruthless administrations in most conquered areas but paid more favourable attention to the
1380:
processing were to be broken up. No decision was ever reached regarding whether Hawaii would be annexed to Japan, become a puppet kingdom, or be used as a bargaining chip for leverage against the U.S.
3561:
474:
265:
1586:
were to enter the war against Japan, substantial parts of these states would also be ceded to Japan. Events that transpired between May 22, 1942, when Mexico declared war on the Axis, through
248:, which promoted racial supremacist theories. Japanese spokesmen openly described the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as a device for the "development of the Japanese race." When
3348:
2592:
244:
238:. In reality, militarists and nationalists saw it as an effective propaganda tool to enforce Japanese hegemony. The latter approach was reflected in a document released by Japan's
5167:
4723:
3485:
3317:
3474:
1159:
territories to the west of it, and Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and its other areas to the east of it. The plan of the Third Reich for fortifying its own
958:
Prior to the escalation of World War II to the Pacific and East Asia, Japanese planners regarded it as self-evident that the conquests secured in Japan's earlier wars with
3996:
3914:
594:
Fragment of a Japanese propaganda booklet published by the Tokyo Conference (1943), depicting scenes of situations in Greater East Asia, from the top, left to right: the
3463:
2318:
1785:
territories west of Manchuria, since 1940 officially a part of the Republic of China. It was meant as a starting point for a regime which would cover all of Mongolia.
4718:
2544:
Chickering, R., & Forster, S. (Eds.). (2003). The shadows of total war: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939. Cambridge University Press, pg. 330
4119:
17:
1372:, which had constituted 43% (c. 160,000) of Hawaii's population in the 1920s, as a leverage. Hawaii was to become self-sufficient in food production, while the
6429:
4848:
4897:
3381:
1047:
he was vague about the long-term prospects, but insinuated that the Philippines and Burma might be allowed independence, although vital territories such as
6349:
5479:
4149:
3656:
2707:
1109:
290:. The caption from right to left says: "With the help of Japan, China, and Manchukuo, the world can be in peace." The flags shown are, right to left: the "
4607:
235:
6324:
2074:
Japanese Pan-Asianism and the Philippines from the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of World War II: Going to the Philippines Is Like Coming Home?
5288:
4753:
1798:
1163:
territory's eastern limits, beyond which the Co-Prosperity Sphere's northwestern frontier areas would exist in East Asia, involved the creation of
1113:
3683:
3531:
5040:
4800:
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1789:
Contrary to the plan Japan installed a puppet state on the Philippines instead of exerting direct control. In the former French Indochina, the
1019:, and the Wang Jingwei regime in Japanese-occupied China would continue to function in these areas. Beyond these contemporary parts of Japan's
1587:
5457:
36:
Members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and territories occupied by the Japanese army at maximum height in 1942. Japan and its
4888:
3497:
3258:
438:
6062:
5300:
5179:
5002:
4980:
4625:
2748:
Jon Davidann, "Citadels of Civilization: U.S. and Japanese Visions of World Order in the Interwar Period", in Richard Jensen, et al. eds.,
5029:
1860:
679:
development or integration. Because of a lack of military representatives at the conference, the conference served little military value.
6459:
4758:
4139:
4070:
1173:"soldier-peasant" communities defending it. However, it is unknown if the Axis powers ever formally negotiated a possible, complementary
1164:
3297:
6509:
5410:
5398:
4878:
4834:
1499:) a semi-autonomous satellite state. This latter plan was not seriously considered as it depended upon a global victory of Axis forces.
487:. The Japanese sometimes spared ethnic groups, such as Chinese immigrants, if they supported the war effort, whether sincerely or not.
3209:
6439:
6136:
4473:
4083:
3965:
3593:
2303:
3188:
1801:
were founded. Vietnam attempted to work for independence and made progressive reforms. The State of Burma did not become a kingdom.
1209:(to be purchased from the Chinese puppet regime). Contrary to its name it was not intended to include the island of Formosa (Taiwan)
6499:
5472:
3866:
3856:
6384:
5658:
1618:
at the hands of Imperial Japan were meant to be left open for negotiations with Nazi Germany had the Axis forces been victorious.
4769:
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1089:
6414:
6329:
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3441:
3414:
3362:
3331:
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792:
submarines, so Japan's oil shortage became increasingly acute. Japan also sponsored an Indonesian nationalist movement under
6504:
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6319:
6315:
6310:
6229:
6224:
4443:
4199:
4075:
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213:
6305:
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4844:
4743:
4738:
4458:
3955:
3423:
2775:
Keong-il, Kim (2005). "Nationalism and Colonialism in Japan's 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' in World War II".
1583:
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1011:) it was put together with the consent of and according to the directions of the Minister of War (later Prime Minister)
6399:
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6010:
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of the defeated European powers, as well as the Philippines from the United States. When Tōjō spoke on the plan to the
667:
of various component members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The conference was also referred to as the
470:
announcing via radio broadcast that vast resources were available for Japanese use in the newly conquered territories.
318:
proposed to make China, Korea, and Japan into "one". Modern conceptions emerged in 1917. During the proceedings of the
2962:
379:, which was limited to Japan, China, and the puppet state of Manchukuo. They believed that the union had 6 purposes:
6474:
6449:
6409:
6344:
6126:
6116:
5950:
5663:
5422:
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2725:
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2472:
2452:
2347:
2327:
2109:
2082:
1882:
1559:
407:
295:
201:
6489:
6479:
6354:
6214:
6067:
5819:
5582:
5362:
5350:
5107:
4953:
4873:
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4635:
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4099:
4032:
3821:
3641:
3636:
1555:
1357:
1048:
780:
was the official language of the bureaucracy in all of the areas and was taught at schools as a national language.
3450:"Japan's Intentions for Its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere as Indicated in Its Policy Plans for Thailand"
3376:
2865:
Francis K. Danquah, "Japan's Food Farming Policies in Wartime Southeast Asia: The Philippine Example, 1942–1944",
2819:
Francis K. Danquah, "Reports on Philippine Industrial Crops in World War II from Japan's English Language Press",
6494:
6469:
6121:
6036:
5970:
5829:
5809:
5794:
5689:
4958:
4333:
1488:
5070:
3287:"The Expansion of Japan: A Study in Oriental Geopolitics: Part II. The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere."
886:
these nationalists cooperated with the Japanese to some extent. However, Willard Elsbree, professor emeritus of
6404:
6389:
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5709:
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3503:
3237:
3129:
2600:
2521:
2223:
2014:
452:
5487:
2276:
330:. This conception was influential in the development of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity concept, with the
6464:
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5804:
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5673:
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5324:
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1902:
595:
1364:
was also considered, based on the model of Manchukuo. Those favouring annexation of Hawaii (on the model of
6146:
5980:
5925:
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5799:
5779:
5774:
5769:
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5603:
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4620:
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1956:
1717:
1594:
nations of the Western Hemisphere's Pacific coast into conflict with Japan by the war's end. The future of
556:
517:
3555:
2193:
6484:
6339:
6234:
6199:
6131:
6005:
5935:
5930:
5920:
5910:
5900:
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5885:
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5854:
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5608:
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5527:
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5276:
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4295:
4114:
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1887:
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1709:
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319:
231:
1086:
based on the model of Manchukuo, as nominally "independent" members of the Greater East Asian alliance.
6000:
5990:
5985:
5975:
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5905:
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5759:
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5240:
4997:
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it also envisaged the conquest of a vast range of territories covering virtually all of East Asia, the
849:
810:
743:
631:
291:
53:
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967:
924:
In Thailand, a street was built to demonstrate it, to be filled with modern buildings and shops, but
193:
49:
6454:
4398:
3688:
2852:
Satoshi Ara, "Food supply problem in Leyte, Philippines, during the Japanese Occupation (1942–44)",
6209:
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6031:
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5653:
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5203:
4941:
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4438:
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4328:
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3535:
1299:
765:
599:
479:
434:
41:
6272:
4799:
4478:
4350:
4280:
4089:
3841:
3768:
3524:
The 'Money Doctors' from Japan: Finance, Imperialism, and the Building of the Yen Bloc, 1894–1937
3354:
1647:
1259:
954:
stamp from 1942 depicting the approximate extension of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
844:"rapidly learned as well that 'co-prosperity' meant servitude to Japan's economic requirements".
350:
3350:
Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents.
1741:
Puppet states which already existed at the time, the Land Disposal Plan has been drafted, were:
4428:
4190:
4154:
4130:
4027:
4012:
3861:
3773:
2903:
Japan's Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents
2709:
The International Minimum: Creativity and Contradiction in Japan's Global Engagement, 1933–1964
2194:"The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: The Failure of Japan's 'Monroe Doctrine' for Asia"
2004:
1864:
1695:
1603:
1198:
1132:
1044:
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in 1940, knowing that Japan was completely dependent on other countries for natural resources,
331:
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6267:
6204:
4214:
3676:
3323:
2717:
2402:
2377:
2072:
2046:
1939:
1472:
796:. Sukarno finally came to power in the late 1940s after several years of fighting the Dutch.
455:
1968:) – an alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 in which Prime Minister Baron
322:, Japan explained to Western observers that their expansionism in Asia was analogous to the
6379:
5155:
4345:
4169:
4159:
3671:
1838:
1303:
1271:
339:
261:
169:
132:
3319:
Pearl Harbor and the Coming of the Pacific War: A Brief History with Documents and Essays.
2763:
Constructing East Asia: Technology, Ideology, and Empire in Japan's Wartime Era, 1931–1945
2247:
338:. One of the reasons why Japan adopted imperialism was to resolve domestic issues such as
252:
ended, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere became a source of criticism and scorn.
8:
5191:
4577:
4524:
4497:
4487:
4433:
4423:
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4285:
4109:
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2575:
Pearl Harbor and the coming of the Pacific War: a Brief History with Documents and Essays
2041:
1944:
1760:
1607:
1464:
1365:
1317:
1020:
963:
730:
716:
615:
607:
584:
505:
403:
335:
57:
4360:
772:. This approach celebrated the spiritual values of the East in opposition to the "crass
6424:
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4483:
4300:
4270:
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1994:
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under Japanese leadership had its roots dating back to the 16th century. For example,
5264:
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2735:
2721:
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2558:
2527:
2517:
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2343:
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2229:
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2105:
2078:
1989:
1790:
1679:
1635:
1567:
1442:
1373:
1333:
1263:
887:
785:
777:
603:
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478:
being despised by Southeast Asian natives. The Japanese failure to bring the ongoing
303:
161:
32:
3731:
990:), the recently seized additional portions of China, and occupied French Indochina.
402:
The vagueness of the above points were effective in making people more agreeable to
5252:
4728:
4448:
4164:
3836:
2713:
2403:"Japan's New Order and Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Planning for Empire"
2149:
1973:
1659:
1643:
1523:
1480:
1445:
1426:
1361:
1194:
1075:
1071:
1003:. Known as the "Land Disposal Plan in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" (
935:
672:
522:
448:
4703:
1926:
1914:
357:
216:
6277:
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2019:
1961:
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that would specifically delimit the Asian continent by a dividing line along the
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2009:
1782:
1675:
1639:
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1353:
1321:
959:
876:, wartime President of Burma under the Japanese, blamed the Japanese military:
856:
proved to be ineffective and unpopular as Japan maintained very tight control.
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725:
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551:
467:
353:
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227:
209:
4733:
4708:
3299:
World War II and Southeast Asia: Economy and Society under Japanese Occupation
2885:
501:
to "make men of them again" and liberate them from their Western oppressors.
6373:
4219:
3940:
3930:
3758:
3723:
3254:
3034:
2991:
2034:
1969:
1844:
1449:
1295:
1155:
1106:
1032:
1024:
1000:
971:
703:
664:
564:
484:
323:
299:
287:
4320:
3532:
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: When Total Empire Met Total War.
2610:
2531:
2233:
6184:
5508:
5076:
4808:
3816:
3693:
3493:
3419:
2959:
2750:
Trans-Pacific Relations: America, Europe, and Asia in the Twentieth Century
1854:
1422:
1418:
1345:
1325:
1291:
1136:
1098:
1083:
1015:. It assumed that the already established puppet governments of Manchukuo,
712:
683:
611:
568:
422:
249:
185:
4390:
4007:
3189:
Hawaii Under the Rising Sun: Japan's Plans for Conquest After Pearl Harbor
3139:
1898:
List of East Asian leaders in the Japanese sphere of influence (1931–1945)
6090:
5446:
4468:
4017:
3458:
3344:
3339:
3280:
2694:
2029:
1999:
1591:
1571:
1515:
1401:
1267:
1237:
1144:
1102:
1059:
1012:
951:
897:
773:
694:
572:
205:
37:
3447:
3370:
3216:. Waseda University Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies. pp. 124–129.
3155:
Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion
2200:(295): 2–34 – via East Tennessee State University Digital Commons.
1804:
266:
Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II
95:
48:
are in dark red; occupied territories/puppet states are in lighter red.
4265:
3881:
3286:
2874:
2828:
2161:
2137:
1835:(Philippine nationalist ruling party of the Second Philippine Republic)
1531:
1492:
1149:
1124:
1055:
439:
Military history of Japan § Shōwa era and World War II (1926–1945)
4174:
3210:"Some Issues Surrounding the Evaluation of the Trần Trọng Kim Cabinet"
2793:
Laszlo Sluimers, "The Japanese military and Indonesian independence",
2487:'Co-Prosperity' or 'Commonwealth'?: Japan, Britain and Burma 1940-1945
2102:
A Democracy at War: America's Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II
671:. The common language used by the delegates during the conference was
5227:
5143:
5095:
5020:
4946:
4597:
4572:
4567:
4375:
4246:
4179:
3851:
1950:
1920:
1810:
1774:
1746:
1543:
1527:
1511:
1393:
1377:
1169:
1120:
1036:
1016:
979:
734:
707:
635:
619:
463:
275:
197:
109:
45:
2153:
4676:
4104:
3795:
3739:
3233:
The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan
3017:
The Attractive Empire: Transnational Film Culture in Imperial Japan
1976:
1832:
1731:
1595:
1539:
1519:
1397:
1337:
946:
753:
343:
3571:
1923:: a Japanese nationalist who developed a similar pan-Asian concept
840:
3846:
1850:
1551:
1476:
1177:
demarcation line that would have divided the Western Hemisphere.
901:
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere at its greatest extent
836:
822:
818:
793:
491:
An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
245:
An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
223:
6189:
4529:
3698:
2622:
2620:
1917:: an army thinker who thought up the Greater East Asian concept
1575:
1535:
1496:
1283:
1229:
1206:
1140:
873:
831:
814:
721:
627:
560:
270:
230:
among the member states, along with resisting the influence of
5490:
3891:
3214:
Vietnam-Indochina-Japan Relations during the Second World War
1468:
1225:
1128:
826:
806:
660:
459:
2617:
2516:(1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 263–264.
2218:(1st ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 262–290.
848:
Philippines an independent republic. The Japanese-sponsored
3527:(abstract). FRIS/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2007–2010.
3486:
Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945
3092:
Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders
1579:
1287:
1221:
1097:
Parts of the plan depended on successful negotiations with
311:
192:
tried to establish. Initially, it covered Japan (including
81:
3475:
The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944
547:: Territories disputed and claimed by Japan and its allies
5071:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
1929:: the alleged developer of the Greater East Asia concept
2679:
A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa to the Present
346:. Another reason was to withstand Western imperialism.
3464:
Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942
2555:
War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War
2514:
War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War
2216:
War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War
1112:
on 11 December 1941, Japan presented the Germans with
1031:, including in locations as far removed from Japan as
137:
3499:
Fading Victory: The Diary of Ugaki Matome, 1941–1945.
3429:
The Cambridge History of Japan: The Twentieth Century
3260:
War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War.
1972:, who laid out a strategy to take over the world for
1805:
Political parties and movements with Japanese support
1678:(a province of the British Raj), and a large part of
1441:
All of India below a line running approximately from
222:
The proposed objectives of this union were to ensure
3122:
The double patriots; a study of Japanese nationalism
2650:
2648:
2434:, p. 248, 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York
2378:"Japan's Quest for Power and World War II in Asia"
2841:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
2808:Soekarno: Founding Father of Indonesia, 1901–1945
2645:
1360:. The possibility of re-establishing the defunct
6371:
4869:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan and British North Borneo
4754:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
3399:Myers, Ramon Hawley and Mark R. Peattie. (1984)
675:. The conference was mainly used as propaganda.
4724:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
3562:Foreign Office Files for Japan and the Far East
3124:. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 317–319.
2949:, p254 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York
2947:Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II
2936:, p253 1976, Chelsea House Publishers, New York
2934:Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II
2432:Propaganda: The art of persuasion: World War II
941:
650:
511:
372:
173:
3708:
3103:
2301:
1429:, as well as the rest of the Southwest Pacific
1127:'s Arctic estuary, southwards to just east of
1005:
644:
559:in November 1943. Participants left to right:
413:On June 29, 1940, Arita renamed the union the
366:
114:
100:
86:
6430:Military history of Japan during World War II
5473:
5056:
4785:
3587:
3157:. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. p. 235.
2960:Japanese Propaganda Booklet from World War II
2316:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (2006),
1833:Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
1058:islands that had been seized from Germany in
526:Attendees of the Greater East Asia Conference
255:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
2426:
2424:
2248:"The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"
1123:. This line, running southwards through the
208:progressed, it also included territories in
4071:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3105:検察側文書 1987 号、法廷証 679 号（1946 年 10 月 9 日付速記録）
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2070:
386:Neighbourly amity and international justice
6103:
5480:
5466:
5063:
5049:
4792:
4778:
3594:
3580:
3424:"The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945,"
417:, which he announced by radio address. At
4474:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4084:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
3019:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
2421:
2255:United States Central Intelligence Agency
2135:
542:: Japanese allies and occupied territory
473:As part of its war drive in the Pacific,
60:, and Kuril were integral parts of Japan.
6252:
5192:Reorganized National Government of China
3857:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
3402:The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895–1945.
3378:The Pacific War: Japan versus the Allies
3161:
3041:
2774:
2589:The Pacific War: Japan Versus the Allies
2365:
2277:"Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"
2191:
1088:
945:
896:
864:The Co-Prosperity Sphere collapsed with
620:the Provisional Government of Free India
589:
550:
521:
425:bloc would continue and be "perfected".
269:
31:
5507:
3229:
3014:
2382:Asia for Educators, Columbia University
982:) would be retained, as well as Korea (
663:on 5–6 November 1943: Japan hosted the
18:Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
14:
6372:
6220:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
6164:
5437:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
5144:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
4672:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
3556:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
3207:
3152:
3116:
2718:10.21313/hawaii/9780824841072.001.0001
2586:
2407:The Asia-Pacific Journal – Japan Focus
1768:Other parts of China occupied by Japan
1622:
415:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
157:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
67:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
6294:
6251:
6163:
6102:
5506:
5461:
5044:
4773:
3575:
2972:
2511:
2213:
1505:Government-General of Central America
993:
915:
5228:Provisional Government of Free India
4076:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
3832:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
3482:
3471:
3457:
3295:
3146:
2705:
2483:
2209:
2207:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2096:
2094:
1893:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
1487:. There were also plans to make the
1245:Melanesian Region Government-General
1180:
1062:and which were assigned to Japan as
735:Provisional Government of Free India
690:The following dignitaries attended:
4744:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
3986:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
3601:
3567:WW2DB: Greater East Asia Conference
1847:(Cambodian-Khmer nationalist group)
1027:, and even sizable portions of the
600:Thailand under Plaek Phibunsongkram
383:Permanent stability of Eastern Asia
24:
6460:South Seas Mandate in World War II
6295:
6263:Japan–Korea Joint Development Zone
5132:South Chahar Autonomous Government
5120:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
4801:Countries and territories occupied
3452:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
3223:
2854:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2795:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2567:
2547:
2505:
1311:Eastern Pacific Government-General
1051:would remain under Japanese rule.
395:Economic cohesion and co-operation
25:
6521:
6510:Government of the Empire of Japan
3549:
3432:(editor, Peter Duus). Cambridge:
2204:
2176:
2114:
2091:
1933:
1883:Collaboration with Imperial Japan
1876:
1861:Đại Việt National Socialist Party
1829:(Indonesian nationalist movement)
1110:declared war on the United States
447:After Japanese advancements into
356:and Minister for Foreign Affairs
6440:Papua New Guinea in World War II
6355:Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting
6215:Foreign relations of Meiji Japan
6089:
5489:
5416:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5368:
5356:
5344:
5331:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5246:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5173:
5161:
5149:
5137:
5125:
5113:
5108:East Hebei Autonomous Government
5101:
5089:
4887:
4444:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
3707:
2706:Abel, Jessamyn (November 2016).
1249:South Pacific Government-General
759:
641:The Greater East Asia Conference
360:proposed the development of the
6500:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan
5168:Provisional Government of China
4459:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
3201:
3181:
3110:
3097:
3008:
2985:
2952:
2939:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2895:
2879:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2699:
2668:
2580:
2538:
2477:
2457:
2437:
2395:
2352:
2332:
1662:(to be purchased from Portugal)
389:Joint defence against communism
212:. The term was first coined by
6385:British Malaya in World War II
4714:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
3827:Imperial Rescript on Education
3504:University of Pittsburgh Press
3483:——— (2020).
3472:——— (2015).
3302:. Cambridge University Press.
3090:Weinberg, L. Gerhard. (2005).
2628:"Greater East Asia Conference"
2493:(PhD). ProQuest LLC. p. 4
2310:
2295:
2269:
2240:
2064:
2015:Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)
1841:(Malayan nationalist movement)
1411:New Zealand Government-General
799:
504:According to Foreign Minister
240:Ministry of Health and Welfare
138:
13:
1:
6415:Japanese military occupations
5156:Shanghai Great Way Government
4160:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
4066:Imperial General Headquarters
3657:Foreign commerce and shipping
2712:. Hawaii Scholarship Online.
2591:. Westport: Praeger. p.
2281:A Dictionary of World History
2053:
1903:Ministry of Greater East Asia
1823:(Indian nationalist movement)
1471:, the western portion of the
1386:Australian Government-General
1187:Government-General of Formosa
1147:, would have split Germany's
1114:a drafted military convention
682:With the simultaneous use of
596:Japanese occupation of Malaya
6316:Diplomatic missions of Japan
6311:Minister for Foreign Affairs
5442:Greater East Asia Conference
5180:Reformed Government of China
4492:Hirohito surrender broadcast
3887:Greater East Asia Conference
3454:27#1 (1996) pp. 139–149
2890:Philippines: A Country Study
2777:The Review of Korean Studies
2192:W. Giles, Nathaniel (2015).
2138:"The New Order in East Asia"
2058:
1957:Political extremism in Japan
1215:South Seas Government Office
1193:Hong Kong, the Philippines,
1101:and a global victory by the
942:Projected territorial extent
557:Greater East Asia Conference
518:Greater East Asia Conference
512:Greater East Asia Conference
495:Read This and the War is Won
214:Minister for Foreign Affairs
27:Japanese imperialist concept
7:
6505:Military-related euphemisms
6445:Philippines in World War II
6306:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
6200:Japanese missions to Joseon
5241:Republic of the Philippines
4849:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3872:Supreme Court of Judicature
3388:(Santa Barbara: Greenwood,
3238:University of Hawai'i Press
2198:Undergraduate Honors Theses
2136:Colegrove, Kenneth (1941).
2104:. Free Press, 1993, p. 53.
1888:East Asia Development Board
1871:
839:, cotton for uniforms, and
813:, and a severe shortage of
770:Western imperialism in Asia
744:Republic of the Philippines
651:
626:gaining independence under
602:gaining the territories of
458:ordered a trade embargo on
373:
174:
10:
6526:
6175:Missions to Imperial China
5496:Foreign relations of Japan
5301:Occupied Dutch East Indies
4583:Second Philippine Republic
4356:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
3530:Yellen, Jeremy A. (2019).
3434:Cambridge University Press
3407:Princeton University Press
3285:Fisher, Charles A. (1950)
2980:JAPANESE PSYOP DURING WWII
2888:, in Ronald E. Dolan, ed.
2071:Matthiessen, Sven (2015).
1853:(We Burmans Association) (
1821:Indian Independence League
1376:corporations of sugar and
859:
850:Second Philippine Republic
632:Second Philippine Republic
515:
432:
428:
292:Five Races Under One Union
278:promoting harmony between
274:1935 propaganda poster of
259:
256:Development of the concept
6400:Indonesia in World War II
6395:Hong Kong in World War II
6301:
6290:
6258:
6247:
6170:
6159:
6112:
6098:
6087:
6055:
6019:
5863:
5682:
5591:
5520:
5516:
5502:
5432:
5083:
5013:
4934:
4896:
4885:
4815:
4691:
4664:
4606:
4560:
4517:
4510:
4464:Japan during World War II
4419:Pacification of Manchukuo
4389:
4319:
4311:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
4306:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
4244:
4237:
4188:
4175:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
4128:
4054:
4047:
3994:
3912:
3905:
3897:Imperial Japanese Airways
3804:
3751:
3716:
3705:
3609:
3489:. New York: W. W. Norton.
3478:. New York: W. W. Norton.
3467:. New York: W. W. Norton.
3230:Baskett, Michael (2008).
3104:
3015:Baskett, Michael (2008).
2319:Asian security reassessed
2302:
2283:. Oxford University Press
2142:The Far Eastern Quarterly
1982:
1908:
1827:Indonesian National Party
1799:Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
1574:. In addition, if either
1457:Alaska Government-General
1435:Ceylon Government-General
1006:
645:
630:, the Declaration of the
392:Creation of a new culture
367:
334:also comparing it to the
310:The concept of a unified
224:economic self-sufficiency
165:
149:
131:
126:
122:
115:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:
75:
71:
66:
58:Karafuto (South Sakhalin)
6475:Thailand in World War II
6450:Politics of World War II
6410:Japanese colonial empire
6210:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
6195:Joseon missions to Japan
5411:Occupied Solomon Islands
5399:Occupied Gilbert Islands
5289:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
4439:Second Sino-Japanese War
4381:Racial Equality Proposal
3961:Agriculture and Commerce
3536:Cornell University Press
3446:Swan, William L. (1996)
3375:Levine, Alan J. (1995).
3289:The Geographical Journal
2901:Lebra, Joyce C. (1975).
2869:(1990) 64#3, pp. 60–80.
2656:The Rise of Modern Japan
2587:Levine, Alan J. (1995).
1857:nationalist association)
1448:to the coastline of the
1370:local Japanese community
766:Japanese colonial empire
706:, Prime Minister of the
697:, Prime Minister of the
480:Second Sino-Japanese War
435:Japanese colonial empire
6490:Anti-communism in Japan
6480:Vietnam in World War II
6278:Senkaku Islands dispute
6273:Liancourt Rocks dispute
5338:Occupied British Borneo
4351:Washington Naval Treaty
4296:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
4281:First Sino-Japanese War
4100:Nuclear weapons program
3842:Great Japan Youth Party
3769:National seals of Japan
3355:Oxford University Press
3187:Stephan, J. J. (2002),
2965:25 October 2010 at the
2823:(2005) 79#1 pp. 74–96.
2512:Dower, John W. (1986).
2465:Japan: A Modern History
2445:Japan: A Modern History
2340:Japan: A Modern History
2214:Dower, John W. (1986).
733:, Head of State of the
724:, Head of State of the
320:Lansing-Ishii Agreement
6495:Anti-Western sentiment
6470:Taiwan in World War II
6325:Development assistance
4429:Motherland controversy
4399:Shōwa financial crisis
4191:Imperial Japanese Navy
4131:Imperial Japanese Army
3862:Peace Preservation Law
3316:Iriye, Akira. (1999).
3208:Furuta, Motoo (2017).
2573:Iriye, Akira. (1999).
2005:Greater Germanic Reich
1865:Vietnamese nationalist
1368:) intended to use the
1280:Santa Cruz Archipelago
1197:(to be purchased from
1094:
955:
913:
902:
883:
638:
587:
548:
362:New Order in East Asia
307:
61:
6405:Japan in World War II
6390:China in World War II
6268:Kuril Islands dispute
6205:Dutch missions to Edo
5313:Occupied West Sumatra
4341:Siberian Intervention
4150:Railways and Shipping
3966:Commerce and Industry
3662:Industrial production
3153:Norman, Rich (1973).
2856:(2008) 39#1 pp 59–82.
2797:(1996) 27#1 pp. 19–36
2632:World War II Database
2484:Mori, Takato (2006).
1940:Flying geese paradigm
1546:(western) portion of
1473:Northwest Territories
1260:Australian New Guinea
1135:and heading into the
1092:
949:
908:
900:
878:
593:
554:
525:
456:Franklin D. Roosevelt
349:On November 3, 1938,
273:
35:
6465:Spheres of influence
6420:Japanese nationalism
6253:Territorial disputes
5277:Kingdom of Kampuchea
4759:Political dissidence
4608:Occupied territories
4346:General Election Law
4170:Taiwan Army of Japan
3296:Huff, Gregg (2020).
3178:Levine (1995), p. 92
2867:Agricultural History
2821:Agricultural History
2358:William L. O'Neill,
2100:William L. O'Neill,
1839:Kesatuan Melayu Muda
1795:Kingdom of Kampuchea
1304:Chesterfield Islands
1105:. After Germany and
852:headed by President
764:The ideology of the
531:: Japan and colonies
262:Japanese nationalism
180:, also known as the
5659:Trinidad and Tobago
5423:Occupied New Guinea
5204:Kingdom of Thailand
4578:Wang Jingwei regime
4488:Potsdam Declaration
4479:Soviet–Japanese War
4434:Anti-Comintern Pact
4424:January 28 incident
4409:London Naval Treaty
4286:Triple Intervention
4115:Supreme War Council
3999:deliberative bodies
3384:5 July 2019 at the
2843:(1989), pp. 308–309
2042:Scramble for Africa
1945:Japanese war crimes
1747:Empire of Manchuria
1725:Kingdom of Cambodia
1629:East Indies Kingdom
1623:Asian puppet states
1614:possessions in the
1489:American West Coast
1021:sphere of influence
934:of it consisted of
872:in September 1945.
754:Kingdom of Thailand
742:, President of the
731:Subhas Chandra Bose
715:, President of the
708:Empire of Manchuria
616:Subhas Chandra Bose
614:allied with Japan,
585:Subhas Chandra Bose
499:self-appointed role
475:Japanese propaganda
336:Roosevelt Corollary
232:Western imperialism
219:on June 29, 1940.
6485:Fascist propaganda
6340:Economic relations
6165:Diplomatic history
5363:Occupied Singapore
5351:Occupied Hong Kong
5026:South Seas Mandate
4301:Russo-Japanese War
4271:Two Lords Incident
3926:Imperial Household
3517:Vande Walle, Willy
3324:St. Martin's Press
2463:James L. McClain,
2443:James L. McClain,
2360:A Democracy at War
2338:James L. McClain,
2172:– via JSTOR.
2047:White man's burden
2025:New Order (Nazism)
1995:Civilizing mission
1815:Indian nationalist
1736:French Cochinchina
1564:Dominican Republic
1256:British New Guinea
1118:70th meridian east
1095:
1029:Western Hemisphere
994:Land Disposal Plan
976:South Seas Mandate
956:
916:Propaganda efforts
903:
639:
588:
549:
485:Burma-Siam Railway
316:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
308:
62:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6286:
6285:
6243:
6242:
6155:
6154:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6080:
5455:
5454:
5265:Empire of Vietnam
5038:
5037:
5030:Northern Marianas
4981:Dutch East Indies
4767:
4766:
4739:Socialist thought
4687:
4686:
4626:Dutch East Indies
4588:Empire of Vietnam
4506:
4505:
4276:Satsuma Rebellion
4256:Meiji Restoration
4233:
4232:
4043:
4042:
3981:Greater East Asia
3867:Political parties
3822:Foreign relations
3512:978-0-8229-3665-7
3442:978-0-521-22357-7
3415:978-0-691-10222-1
3363:978-0-19-638265-4
3332:978-0-312-21818-8
3273:978-0-394-50030-0
3247:978-0-8248-3223-0
2409:. 6 December 2011
2322:, pp. 48-49, 63,
1990:Balkan Federation
1791:Empire of Vietnam
1761:Republic of China
1754:Chinese Manchuria
1694:Remainder of the
1688:Kingdom of Malaya
1644:Christmas Islands
1636:Dutch East Indies
1362:Kingdom of Hawaii
1181:Japanese-governed
888:political science
866:Japan's surrender
786:Dutch East Indies
752:, envoy from the
717:Republic of China
608:Republic of China
604:Saharat Thai Doem
374:Tōa Shin Chitsujo
344:resource scarcity
304:flag of Manchukuo
153:
152:
145:
144:
16:(Redirected from
6517:
6292:
6291:
6249:
6248:
6161:
6160:
6100:
6099:
6093:
5518:
5517:
5504:
5503:
5494:
5493:
5482:
5475:
5468:
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5421:
5420:
5419:
5409:
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5395:
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5373:
5372:
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5360:
5359:
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5348:
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5336:
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5334:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5253:French Indochina
5251:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5202:
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5200:
5190:
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5188:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5166:
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5152:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5003:Portuguese Timor
4891:
4830:Christmas Island
4794:
4787:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4729:Shinmin no Michi
4719:Internment camps
4631:French Indochina
4515:
4514:
4361:Taishō Democracy
4242:
4241:
4165:Japanese holdout
4052:
4051:
3976:Colonial Affairs
3910:
3909:
3837:Yokusan Sonendan
3743:
3735:
3727:
3711:
3710:
3637:Economic history
3596:
3589:
3582:
3573:
3572:
3490:
3479:
3468:
3420:Peattie, Mark R.
3313:
3291:(1950): 179–193.
3251:
3218:
3217:
3205:
3199:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3039:
3038:
3012:
3006:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2956:
2950:
2945:Anthony Rhodes,
2943:
2937:
2932:Anthony Rhodes,
2930:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2883:
2877:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2839:Stanley Karnow,
2837:
2831:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2752:(2003) pp. 21–43
2746:
2740:
2739:
2703:
2697:
2672:
2666:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2435:
2430:Anthony Rhodes,
2428:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2374:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2336:
2330:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:. 10 August 1945
2252:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2133:
2112:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2068:
1703:Kingdom of Annam
1668:Kingdom of Burma
1660:Portuguese Timor
1524:British Honduras
1481:British Columbia
1465:Alaska Territory
1427:Macquarie Island
1417:The New Zealand
1400:. Australia and
1318:Hawaii Territory
1195:Portuguese Macau
1076:Marshall Islands
1064:C-Class Mandates
1035:and the eastern
1010:
1009:
1008:
933:
932:
928:
669:Tokyo Conference
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
634:, and people of
546:
541:
538:
535:
530:
449:French Indochina
408:collaborationism
378:
376:
370:
369:
236:Soviet communism
179:
177:
175:Dai Tōa Kyōeiken
167:
141:
140:
139:Dai Tōa Kyōeiken
124:
123:
118:
117:
104:
103:
90:
89:
64:
63:
21:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6359:
6297:
6282:
6254:
6239:
6235:Marcos scandals
6166:
6151:
6108:
6094:
6077:
6051:
6015:
5859:
5678:
5587:
5512:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5456:
5451:
5428:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5405:
5403:
5393:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5357:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5332:
5330:
5325:Occupied Malaya
5319:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5283:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5259:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5234:
5232:
5222:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5126:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5102:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5079:
5073:Empire of Japan
5069:
5039:
5034:
5009:
4930:
4892:
4883:
4879:Solomon Islands
4835:Gilbert Islands
4811:
4805:Empire of Japan
4798:
4768:
4763:
4749:Yasukuni Shrine
4683:
4660:
4602:
4556:
4502:
4454:Tripartite Pact
4449:Rape of Nanking
4385:
4371:Tapani incident
4315:
4291:Boxer Rebellion
4249:
4229:
4193:
4184:
4133:
4124:
4059:
4039:
4033:Representatives
4001:
3998:
3997:Legislative and
3990:
3956:Foreign Affairs
3919:
3916:
3901:
3800:
3779:Government Seal
3764:Rising Sun Flag
3747:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3712:
3703:
3605:
3603:Empire of Japan
3600:
3552:
3386:Wayback Machine
3345:Lebra, Joyce C.
3310:
3248:
3226:
3224:Further reading
3221:
3206:
3202:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3132:
3118:Storry, Richard
3115:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3042:
3027:
3013:
3009:
2990:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2967:Wayback Machine
2957:
2953:
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2773:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2728:
2704:
2700:
2673:
2669:
2654:W. G. Beasley,
2653:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2603:
2585:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2553:John W. Dower,
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2524:
2510:
2506:
2496:
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2478:
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2258:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2226:
2212:
2205:
2190:
2177:
2154:10.2307/2049073
2134:
2115:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2020:Monroe Doctrine
1985:
1962:Tanaka Memorial
1936:
1911:
1879:
1874:
1851:Dobama Asiayone
1807:
1656:Nicobar Islands
1625:
1616:Leeward Islands
1469:Yukon Territory
1350:Austral Islands
1342:Society Islands
1338:Tuamotu Islands
1330:Phoenix Islands
1300:Loyalty Islands
1276:Solomon Islands
1234:Gilbert Islands
1203:Paracel Islands
1183:
1165:a "living wall"
1007:大東亜共栄圏における土地処分案
1004:
1001:Ministry of War
996:
944:
930:
926:
925:
918:
892:Ohio University
862:
802:
762:
750:Wan Waithayakon
699:Empire of Japan
655:
642:
577:Wan Waithayakon
544:
543:
539:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
520:
514:
441:
433:Main articles:
431:
419:Yōsuke Matsuoka
364:
328:Monroe Doctrine
268:
260:Main articles:
258:
190:Empire of Japan
188:union that the
159:
133:Revised Hepburn
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6523:
6513:
6512:
6507:
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6407:
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6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:Related topics
6288:
6287:
6284:
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6280:
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6270:
6265:
6259:
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6245:
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6180:Red seal ships
6177:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6157:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6147:United Nations
6144:
6142:European Union
6139:
6137:Southeast Asia
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6096:
6095:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6063:Russian Empire
6059:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6011:United Kingdom
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
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5973:
5968:
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5953:
5948:
5943:
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5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5891:Czech Republic
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
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5842:
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5807:
5802:
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5500:
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5485:
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5477:
5470:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5413:
5401:
5389:
5387:Occupied Nauru
5377:
5365:
5353:
5341:
5329:
5327:
5315:
5303:
5291:
5279:
5267:
5255:
5243:
5230:
5218:
5216:State of Burma
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5110:
5098:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5045:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4817:British Empire
4813:
4812:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
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4741:
4736:
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4716:
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4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
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4684:
4682:
4681:
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4679:
4668:
4666:
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4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4593:State of Burma
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
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4521:
4519:
4512:
4508:
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4504:
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4501:
4500:
4495:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:Musha Incident
4411:
4406:
4404:Jinan incident
4401:
4395:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
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4323:
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4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:Beipu uprising
4258:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4225:Treaty Faction
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Imperial Guard
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
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4095:
4080:
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4062:
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4055:
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4035:
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4015:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
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3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3920:
3915:Administration
3913:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
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3808:
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3801:
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3613:
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3607:
3606:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3551:
3550:External links
3548:
3547:
3546:
3544:978-1501735547
3528:
3514:
3491:
3480:
3469:
3455:
3444:
3417:
3397:
3373:
3347:(ed.) (1975).
3342:
3314:
3308:
3293:
3283:
3265:Pantheon Books
3255:Dower, John W.
3252:
3246:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3200:
3180:
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3145:
3130:
3109:
3096:
3040:
3025:
3007:
2984:
2971:
2951:
2938:
2925:
2923:Lebra, p. 158.
2916:
2914:Lebra, p. 160.
2907:
2894:
2886:"World War II"
2878:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2767:
2765:(2013) 226–227
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2050:
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2044:
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2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Greater Serbia
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1966:Tanaka Jōsōbun
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1934:Related topics
1932:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
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1895:
1890:
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1878:
1877:Administration
1875:
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1868:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1806:
1803:
1787:
1786:
1783:Inner Mongolia
1779:
1778:
1770:
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1756:
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1706:
1705:
1699:
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1691:
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1684:
1683:
1674:Burma proper,
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1640:British Borneo
1632:
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1624:
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1508:
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1354:Samoan Islands
1322:Howland Island
1314:
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1307:
1306:
1284:Ellice Islands
1252:
1251:
1241:
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1218:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1045:House of Peers
995:
992:
978:), and China (
964:South Sakhalin
943:
940:
917:
914:
861:
858:
854:José P. Laurel
801:
798:
761:
758:
757:
756:
746:
740:José P. Laurel
737:
728:
726:State of Burma
719:
710:
701:
665:heads of state
659:took place in
624:State of Burma
581:José P. Laurel
516:Main article:
513:
510:
506:Shigenori Tōgō
468:Nobusuke Kishi
453:U.S. President
430:
427:
400:
399:
396:
393:
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387:
384:
354:Fumimaro Konoe
351:Prime Minister
340:overpopulation
257:
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210:Southeast Asia
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127:Transcriptions
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5375:Occupied Guam
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4898:United States
4895:
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4707:
4705:
4704:Fukoku kyōhei
4702:
4700:
4697:
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4690:
4678:
4675:
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4569:
4566:
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4561:Puppet states
4559:
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4257:
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4248:
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4240:
4236:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4220:Fleet Faction
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:General Staff
4198:
4197:
4195:
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4166:
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4151:
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4143:
4141:
4140:General Staff
4138:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4093:military code
4092:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
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4061:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4023:Imperial Diet
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4013:Privy Council
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3984:
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3957:
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3944:
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3934:
3932:
3931:Home Ministry
3929:
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3797:
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3790:
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3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Imperial Seal
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Flag of Japan
3757:
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3563:
3560:
3558:at Britannica
3557:
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3495:
3494:Ugaki, Matome
3492:
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2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2111:
2110:0-02-923678-9
2107:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2084:9789004305724
2080:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:Tanaka Giichi
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:Satō Nobuhiro
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:Hachirō Arita
1913:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:Khmer Issarak
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:Cocos Islands
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:Bay of Bengal
1447:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:South Islands
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:, all of the
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:New Caledonia
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:Hainan Island
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1156:spazio vitale
1152:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1139:just west of
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:vassal states
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:, namely the
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:South America
1030:
1026:
1025:Pacific Ocean
1022:
1018:
1014:
1002:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
953:
948:
939:
937:
922:
912:
907:
899:
895:
893:
889:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
857:
855:
851:
845:
842:
838:
834:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
797:
795:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:Imperial rule
755:
751:
747:
745:
741:
738:
736:
732:
729:
727:
723:
720:
718:
714:
711:
709:
705:
704:Zhang Jinghui
702:
700:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
685:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
653:
652:Dai Tōa Kaigi
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Zhang Jinghui
562:
558:
553:
524:
519:
509:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
481:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:
450:
445:
440:
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
380:
375:
363:
359:
358:Hachirō Arita
355:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Japanese Army
329:
325:
324:United States
321:
317:
313:
305:
301:
300:flag of Japan
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
217:Hachirō Arita
215:
211:
207:
204:, but as the
203:
199:
195:
194:annexed Korea
191:
187:
183:
176:
171:
163:
158:
148:
136:
134:
130:
125:
121:
113:
111:
107:
99:
97:
93:
85:
83:
79:
76:Japanese name
74:
70:
65:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6435:Pan-Asianism
6219:
6185:Nanban trade
6105:Multilateral
6068:Soviet Union
5820:Saudi Arabia
5583:South Africa
5436:
5077:World War II
4991:West Sumatra
4809:World War II
4692:Other topics
4671:
4528:
4366:Taishō Roman
4120:Conscription
4090:
4082:
4057:Armed Forces
3917:(ministries)
3817:Charter Oath
3812:Constitution
3694:State Shinto
3677:Essentialism
3627:Demographics
3523:
3519:
3502:Pittsburgh:
3498:
3484:
3473:
3462:
3459:Toll, Ian W.
3451:
3428:
3401:
3377:
3349:
3318:
3298:
3288:
3259:
3236:. Honolulu:
3232:
3213:
3203:
3183:
3154:
3148:
3121:
3112:
3099:
3091:
3016:
3010:
2995:
2987:
2974:
2954:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2806:Bob Hering,
2802:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2708:
2701:
2678:
2670:
2655:
2635:. Retrieved
2631:
2588:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2513:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2486:
2479:
2464:
2459:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2411:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2381:
2359:
2354:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2312:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2254:
2242:
2215:
2197:
2145:
2141:
2101:
2073:
2066:
2035:
1965:
1949:
1788:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1740:
1724:
1702:
1696:Malay states
1687:
1667:
1628:
1604:Dutch Guiana
1504:
1491:(comprising
1456:
1434:
1410:
1405:Philippines.
1385:
1326:Baker Island
1310:
1292:New Hebrides
1288:Fiji Islands
1248:
1244:
1230:Ocean Island
1214:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1153:and Italy's
1148:
1137:Indian Ocean
1099:Nazi Germany
1096:
1080:
1053:
1041:
997:
987:
983:
957:
936:false fronts
923:
919:
909:
904:
884:
879:
863:
846:
830:
823:castor beans
803:
782:
763:
713:Wang Jingwei
689:
681:
677:
668:
640:
612:Wang Jingwei
569:Wang Jingwei
503:
494:
490:
489:
472:
446:
442:
414:
412:
401:
361:
348:
309:
250:World War II
243:
221:
181:
156:
154:
88:だいとうあきょうえいけん
29:
6380:Axis powers
6037:New Zealand
5971:Netherlands
5830:South Korea
5810:Philippines
5795:North Korea
5690:Afghanistan
5447:Pacific War
4976:Netherlands
4926:Wake Island
4921:Philippines
4734:Shōwa Modan
4709:Hakkō ichiu
4646:Philippines
4533:after 1943)
4511:Territories
4469:Pacific War
4329:World War I
4205:Air Service
4145:Air Service
4018:Gozen Kaigi
3734:(Yoshihito)
3726:(Mutsuhito)
3672:Nationalism
3617:Agriculture
3405:Princeton:
2996:Japan's War
2783:(2): 65–89.
2148:(1): 5–24.
2036:Russkiy mir
2030:Pan-Slavism
2000:Eurasianism
1592:Pacific Rim
1572:The Bahamas
1516:El Salvador
1402:New Zealand
1272:New Ireland
1268:New Britain
1264:Admiralties
1238:Wake Island
1133:Afghanistan
1103:Axis powers
1060:World War I
1056:Micronesian
1013:Hideki Tōjō
986:), Taiwan (
950:A Japanese
800:Philippines
774:materialism
695:Hideki Tojo
573:Hideki Tojo
398:World peace
228:cooperation
206:Pacific War
6374:Categories
6122:Arab world
6073:Yugoslavia
5966:Montenegro
5735:East Timor
5710:Bangladesh
5700:Azerbaijan
5563:Mozambique
4986:New Guinea
4864:New Guinea
4498:Occupation
4321:Taishō era
4266:Boshin War
4110:War crimes
3906:Government
3882:Tonarigumi
3789:Privy Seal
3784:State Seal
3742:(Hirohito)
3667:Militarism
3622:Censorship
3496:. (1991).
3263:New York:
3191:, p. 159,
3131:0837166438
2681:, p. 211,
2602:0275951022
2557:pp. 24–25
2523:039450030X
2225:039450030X
2054:References
1797:, and the
1606:, and the
1532:Costa Rica
1493:California
1485:Washington
1443:Portuguese
1396:including
1302:, and the
1161:Lebensraum
1150:Lebensraum
821:for fuel,
819:cane sugar
404:militarism
302:, and the
294:" flag of
6425:Manchukuo
6107:relations
6027:Australia
5956:Lithuania
5835:Sri Lanka
5825:Singapore
5805:Palestine
5750:Indonesia
5674:Venezuela
5599:Argentina
5511:relations
5509:Bilateral
5096:Manchukuo
5021:Manchukuo
5014:1931–1945
4947:Mengkiang
4874:Singapore
4840:Hong Kong
4699:Sonnō jōi
4651:Singapore
4636:Hong Kong
4598:Azad Hind
4573:Mengjiang
4568:Manchukuo
4542:Kantō-shū
4484:Surrender
4391:Shōwa era
4376:Truku War
4247:Meiji era
4215:Tokkeitai
4180:Kempeitai
4091:Senjinkun
4008:Daijō-kan
3971:Munitions
3852:Mokusatsu
3642:Education
3035:436157559
2905:, p. 157.
2736:153084986
2658:, p. 204
2170:162713869
2077:. BRILL.
2059:Citations
1951:Kantokuen
1921:Ikki Kita
1867:movement)
1817:movement)
1811:Azad Hind
1775:Mengjiang
1548:Venezuela
1544:Maracaibo
1528:Nicaragua
1512:Guatemala
1394:Australia
1378:pineapple
1334:Marquesas
1170:Wehrbauer
1121:longitude
1072:Carolines
1049:Hong Kong
1037:Caribbean
1017:Mengjiang
980:Manchuria
829:for oil,
790:U.S. Navy
684:Wilsonian
636:Manchukuo
276:Manchukuo
198:Manchukuo
186:pan-Asian
110:Shinjitai
46:Azad Hind
6320:in Japan
5981:Portugal
5926:Holy See
5845:Thailand
5800:Pakistan
5780:Mongolia
5775:Maldives
5770:Malaysia
5725:Cambodia
5649:Paraguay
5629:Colombia
5604:Barbados
5592:Americas
5553:Ethiopia
5543:Djibouti
5538:Botswana
4998:Portugal
4959:Cambodia
4677:Yen bloc
4665:Ideology
4656:Thailand
4525:Karafuto
4518:Colonies
4105:Kamikaze
4048:Military
3951:Treasury
3805:Policies
3796:Kimigayo
3717:Emperors
3684:Politics
3652:Eugenics
3610:Overview
3534:Ithaca:
3461:(2011).
3448:in JSTOR
3422:(1988).
3382:Archived
3353:Oxford:
3340:40985780
3322:Boston:
3281:13064585
3257:(1986).
3120:(1973).
3094:p.62-65.
2998:, p 326
2963:Archived
2695:49704795
2611:31516895
2532:13064585
2362:, p. 62.
2234:13064585
1977:Hirohito
1872:See also
1732:Cambodia
1596:Trinidad
1540:Colombia
1520:Honduras
1398:Tasmania
1374:Big Five
1366:Karafuto
1199:Portugal
1125:Ob River
1068:Marianas
968:Kwantung
778:Japanese
618:forming
280:Japanese
184:, was a
162:Japanese
96:Kyūjitai
42:Thailand
6132:Oceania
6020:Oceania
6006:Ukraine
5936:Ireland
5931:Iceland
5921:Hungary
5911:Germany
5901:Finland
5896:Denmark
5886:Croatia
5881:Belgium
5876:Austria
5871:Albania
5855:Vietnam
5785:Myanmar
5740:Georgia
5705:Bahrain
5695:Armenia
5669:Uruguay
5639:Ecuador
5609:Bolivia
5578:Somalia
5573:Nigeria
5568:Namibia
5528:Algeria
5075:during
4969:Vietnam
4807:during
4803:by the
4238:History
4210:Marines
3847:Kokutai
3752:Symbols
3732:Taishō
3689:Statism
3632:Economy
3371:1551953
2875:3743634
2829:3744878
2637:31 July
2577:, p. 6.
2497:31 July
2413:31 July
2387:31 July
2304:第二次近衛声明
2287:31 July
2261:31 July
2162:2049073
1974:Emperor
1855:Burmese
1652:Andaman
1608:British
1600:British
1568:Jamaica
1552:Ecuador
1477:Alberta
1392:All of
1201:), the
988:Formosa
972:Germany
929:⁄
868:to the
860:Failure
837:quinine
794:Sukarno
748:Prince
673:English
429:History
284:Chinese
170:Hepburn
40:allies
6190:Sakoku
6117:Africa
6056:Former
6001:Sweden
5991:Serbia
5986:Russia
5976:Poland
5946:Kosovo
5916:Greece
5906:France
5864:Europe
5850:Turkey
5840:Taiwan
5760:Israel
5720:Brunei
5715:Bhutan
5644:Mexico
5619:Canada
5614:Brazil
5533:Angola
5521:Africa
5238:
4954:France
4854:Malaya
4641:Malaya
4616:Borneo
4552:Taiwan
4547:Nan'yō
4537:Chōsen
4530:naichi
3740:Shōwa
3724:Meiji
3699:Kazoku
3647:System
3542:
3520:et al.
3510:
3440:
3413:
3392:
3369:
3361:
3338:
3330:
3306:
3279:
3271:
3244:
3195:
3140:516227
3138:
3128:
3033:
3023:
3002:
2892:(1991)
2873:
2827:
2810:(2003)
2734:
2724:
2693:
2685:
2662:
2609:
2599:
2561:
2530:
2520:
2471:
2467:p 495
2451:
2447:p 471
2346:
2342:p 460
2326:
2232:
2222:
2168:
2160:
2108:
2081:
1983:Others
1909:People
1793:, the
1718:Tonkin
1716:, and
1680:Bengal
1658:, and
1612:French
1576:Mexico
1570:, and
1562:, the
1542:, the
1536:Panama
1497:Oregon
1483:, and
1467:, the
1356:, and
1344:, the
1340:, the
1332:, the
1328:, the
1298:, the
1290:, the
1286:, the
1282:, the
1278:, the
1274:, the
1262:, the
1236:, and
1232:, the
1205:, and
1175:second
1141:Rajkot
984:Chōsen
960:Russia
952:10 sen
874:Ba Maw
870:Allies
832:Derris
815:cotton
811:Taiwan
722:Ba Maw
628:Ba Maw
622:, the
610:under
606:, the
583:, and
561:Ba Maw
545:
540:
537:
534:
529:
298:, the
288:Manchu
286:, and
200:, and
182:GEACPS
166:大東亞共榮圈
116:大東亜共栄圏
102:大東亞共榮圈
54:Taiwan
6350:JPEPA
6345:JETRO
6230:China
6225:Korea
6047:Tonga
6042:Palau
5996:Spain
5961:Malta
5941:Italy
5815:Qatar
5790:Nepal
5745:India
5730:China
5624:Chile
5558:Kenya
5548:Egypt
4942:China
4935:Other
4916:Kiska
4859:Nauru
4845:India
4825:Burma
4621:Burma
4334:Entry
4028:Peers
3892:Senbu
3877:Tokkō
2871:JSTOR
2825:JSTOR
2732:S2CID
2491:(PDF)
2251:(PDF)
2166:S2CID
2158:JSTOR
1710:Annam
1676:Assam
1584:Chile
1582:, or
1560:Haiti
1419:North
1358:Tonga
1226:Nauru
1145:India
1129:Khost
1107:Italy
841:abacá
827:copra
809:from
807:sugar
661:Tokyo
646:大東亞會議
460:steel
368:東亜新秩序
296:China
202:China
50:Korea
6335:JOCV
6330:JICA
6032:Fiji
5765:Laos
5755:Iran
5683:Asia
5654:Peru
5634:Cuba
4964:Laos
4911:Guam
4906:Attu
3946:Navy
3941:Army
3540:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3438:ISBN
3411:ISBN
3390:ISBN
3367:OCLC
3359:ISBN
3336:OCLC
3328:ISBN
3304:ISBN
3277:OCLC
3269:ISBN
3242:ISBN
3193:ISBN
3136:OCLC
3126:ISBN
3031:OCLC
3021:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2691:OCLC
2683:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2639:2021
2607:OCLC
2597:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2528:OCLC
2518:ISBN
2499:2021
2469:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2415:2021
2389:2021
2344:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2289:2021
2263:2021
2230:OCLC
2220:ISBN
2106:ISBN
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