Greeks - Knowledge

1055: 1306: 4075: 5282: 5291: 3262: 5131:. This is corroborated by sequenced genomes of Middle Bronze Age individuals from northern Greece, who had a much higher proportion of steppe-related ancestry; the timing of this gene flow was estimated at ~2,300 BCE, and is consistent with the dominant linguistic theories explaining the emergence of the Proto-Greek language. Present-day Greeks share ~90% of their ancestry with them, suggesting continuity between the two time periods. In the case of Mycenaean Greeks however, their steppe-related ancestry was diluted. The ancestry of the Mycenaeans could be explained via a 2-way admixture model of such MBA individuals in northern Greece, and either an EBA Aegean or MBA Minoan population; the difference between the two time periods could be explained by the general decline of the Mycenaean civilization. 1574: 3662: 2966: 3254: 3186: 2089: 84: 5273: 6684:, p. 53: "Le attuali colonie Greche calabresi; La Grecìa calabrese si inscrive nel massiccio aspromontano e si concentra nell'ampia e frastagliata valle dell'Amendolea e nelle balze più a oriente, dove sorgono le fiumare dette di S. Pasquale, di Palizzi e Sidèroni e che costituiscono la Bovesia vera e propria. Compresa nei territori di cinque comuni (Bova Superiore, Bova Marina, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Condofuri), la Grecia si estende per circa 233 km (145 mi)q. La popolazione anagrafica complessiva è di circa 14.000 unità." 5325:, and the results of the study showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (light brown/medium darkest brown), 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion, the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown. 179: 599: 4553: 5063: 2637: 219: 399: 1929:: The first considers "Romanity" the mode of self-identification of the subjects of a multi-ethnic empire at least up to the 12th century, where the average subject identified as Roman; a perennialist approach, which views Romanity as the medieval expression of a continuously existing Greek nation; while a third view considers the eastern Roman identity as a pre-modern national identity. The Byzantine Greeks' essential values were drawn from both Christianity and the Homeric tradition of ancient Greece. 579: 1437: 1315: 1047: 9891:, p. vii: "The Homeric poems were first written down in more or less their present form in the seventh century B.C. Since then Greek has enjoyed a continuous tradition down to the present day. Change there has certainly been. But there has been no break like that between Latin and Romance languages. Ancient Greek is not a foreign language to the Greek of today as Anglo-Saxon is to the modern Englishman. The only other language which enjoys comparable continuity of tradition is Chinese." 5196:(1993) associates with "the Greek expansion, which reached its peak in historical times around 1000 and 500 BC but which certainly began earlier". Greeks also have a degree of Eastern-European-related ancestry which is observed in all Balkan peoples; it was acquired after 700 CE, coinciding with the arrival of Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans, but the proportion of this ancestry varies considerably between different studies and subregions. A 2019 study showed that Cretans share high 1324: 199: 419: 3104: 139: 4884: 239: 5259:. Individuals from western Sicily additionally show similarities with peoples from the western part of the Peloponnese. A 2023 study states that early Cretan farmers shared the same ancestry as other Neolithic Aegeans but received 'eastern' gene flow of Anatolian origin at the end of the Neolithic Age. From the 17th to 12th centuries BCE, genetic signatures of Central and East European ancestry gradually increased in Crete, indicative of mainland Greek influence. 679: 22018: 659: 639: 6020: 479: 4231: 22028: 539: 3434: 719: 319: 17889: 699: 619: 559: 519: 439: 6034: 3825: 459: 119: 102: 4545: 1719:) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece proper. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the mid-Byzantine 10th century AD. The region of 299: 279: 159: 3442: 5047: 499: 359: 379: 339: 259: 2278: 1797: 1542: 2144:. As a direct consequence of this situation, Greek-speakers came to play a hugely important role in the Ottoman trading and diplomatic establishment, as well as in the church. Added to this, in the first half of the Ottoman period men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy, and state bureaucracy, having been levied as adolescents (along with especially 1813: 5251:. A 2022 study discovered high genetic affinities between present-day southeastern Peloponnesian populations and Apulians, Calabrians and southeastern Sicilians, which are "all characterised by a cluster composition different from those displayed by other Greek groups", due to low influence from inland populations such as Slavic-related people and/or genetic drift in 9679:, Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization ... The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks."" 7978:, p. 168: "The establishment of these Panhellenic sites, which yet remained exclusively Hellenic, was a very important element in the growth and self-consciousness of Hellenic nationalism; it was uniquely decisive in breaking down enmity between tribes, and remained the most powerful obstacle to fragmentation into mutually hostile 9667:, Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'." 6241:, p. 228: "Greeks of the diaspora, settled in some 141 countries, were held to number 7 million although it is not clear how this figure was arrived at or what criteria were used to define Greek ethnicity, while the population of the homeland, according to the 1991 census, amounted to some 10.25 million." 5074:

study, Lazaridis et al. (2017) found that Minoans and Mycenaean Greeks were genetically highly similar, but not identical; modern Greeks resembled the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the early Neolithic ancestry. The results of the study support the idea of genetic continuity between

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As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities

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Raveane, Alessandro; Molinaro, Ludovica; Aneli, Serena; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Ongaro, Linda; Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi; Soffiati, Sara; Scarano, Teodoro; Torroni, Antonio; Achilli, Alessandro; Ventura, Mario; Pagani, Luca; Capelli, Cristian; Olivieri, Anna; Bertolini, Francesco (1 March 2022).

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where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; a large percentage of Greek population growth since Greece's foundation in 1832 was attributed to annexation of

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was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement

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It is difficult to know how many ethnic Greeks there were in Albania before the exodus of refugees during the early to mid-1990s. The Albanian government claimed there were only 60,000, based on the biased 1989 census, whereas the Greek government claimed there were upwards of 300,000. Most Western

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Alexander inherited the idea of an invasion of the Persian Empire from his father Philip whose advance-force was already out in Asia in 336 BC. Philips campaign had the slogan of "freeing the Greeks" in Asia and "punishing the Persians" for their past sacrileges during their own invasion (a century

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to describe non-Greek speakers), a sense of Greek identity and common sense of ethnicity despite the undeniable socio-political changes of the past two millennia. In recent anthropological studies, both ancient and modern Greek osteological samples were analyzed demonstrating a bio-genetic affinity

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alone. Since its inception, Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture and the national continuity of the Greek world is a lot more certain than its demographic. Yet, Hellenism also embodied an ancestral dimension through aspects of Athenian literature that developed and influenced ideas of

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to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and "Fourth Century", up to the death of Alexander). It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras. The Classical period is also described as the "Golden Age" of Greek civilization, and its art, philosophy,

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of a third of the Greek population of the island in 1974, there was also an increase in the number of Greek Cypriots leaving, especially for the Middle East, which contributed to a decrease in population that tapered off in the 1990s. Today more than two-thirds of the Greek population in Cyprus is

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region. This historically Greek-speaking villages are Condofuri, Galliciano, Roccaforte del Greco, Roghudi, Bova and Bova Marina, which are in the Calabria region (the capital of which is Reggio). The Grecanic region, including Reggio, has a population of some 200,000, while speakers of the Griko

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The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Southern Italy, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the

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With respect to personal names, the two main influences are Christianity and classical Hellenism; ancient Greek nomenclatures were never forgotten but have become more widely bestowed from the 18th century onwards. As in antiquity, children are customarily named after their grandparents, with the

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experienced a Hellenic revival in language, philosophy, and literature and on classical models of thought and scholarship. This revival provided a powerful impetus to the sense of cultural affinity with ancient Greece and its classical heritage. Throughout their history, the Greeks have retained

7731:, p. 23: "Indeed, Smith emphasizes that the myth of divine election sustains the continuity of cultural identity, and, in that regard, has enabled certain pre-modern communities such as the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks to survive and persist over centuries and millennia (Smith 1993: 15–20)." 6666:

La popolazione complessiva dell'Unione è di 54278 residenti così distribuiti (Dati Istat al 31° dicembre 2005. Comune Popolazione Calimera 7351 Carpignano Salentino 3868 Castrignano dei Greci 4164 Corigliano d'Otranto 5762 Cutrofiano 9250 Martano 9588 Martignano 1784 Melpignano 2234 Soleto 5551

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with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. In the twilight years of the Byzantine Empire, prominent Byzantine personalities proposed referring to the Byzantine Emperor as the "Emperor of the Hellenes". These largely rhetorical

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There is a significant Greek presence in southern and eastern Ukraine, which can be traced back to ancient Greek and Byzantine settlers. Ukrainian citizens of Greek descent amount to 91,000 people, although their number is estimated to be much higher by the Federation of Greek communities of

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between the sampled Bronze Age populations and present-day West Eurasians was estimated, finding that Mycenaean Greeks and Minoans were least differentiated from the populations of modern Greece, Cyprus, Albania, and Italy. In a subsequent study, Lazaridis et al. (2022) concluded that around

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Olalde, Iñigo; Carrión, Pablo; Mikić, Ilija; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Mah, Matthew; Korać, Miomir; Golubović, Snežana; Petković, Sofija; Miladinović-Radmilović, Nataša; Vulović, Dragana; Alihodžić, Timka; Ash, Abigail; Baeta, Miriam; et al. (7 December 2023).

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Before the establishment of the modern Greek nation-state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The

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In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like

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a "precocious nationalism" among the Greeks, provided the later Greek enlighteners and nationalists with a cultural constituency fed by political dreams and apocalyptic prophecies of the recapture of Constantinople and the restoration of Greek Byzantium and its Orthodox emperor in all his

4998:), when a substantial merchant middle class developed, which played an important part in the Greek War of Independence. Today, Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has one of the largest merchant fleets in the world, while many more ships under Greek ownership fly 4928:, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his friends the Greek cities of the Aegean. This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832. The 3450: 8512:, p. 268: "Roman, Greek (if not used in its sense of 'pagan') and Christian became synonymous terms, counterposed to 'foreigner', 'barbarian', 'infidel'. The citizens of the Empire, now predominantly of Greek ethnicity and language, were often called simply ό χριστώνυμος λαός ." 5328:

A 2017 study found that Bronze Age Aegean populations had mostly dark hair (brown to black) and eyes. The genetic phenotype predictions matched the visual representations made by the Greeks of themselves, suggesting that art of this period reproduced phenotypes naturalistically.

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of the Balkan region in a global context on the resolution level of 7 assumed ancestral populations: African (brown), South/West European (light blue), Asian (yellow), Middle Eastern (orange), South Asian (green), North/East European (dark blue) and Caucasian/Anatolian component

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Stamatoyannopoulos, George; Bose, Aritra; Teodosiadis, Athanasios; Tsetsos, Fotis; Plantinga, Anna; Psatha, Nikoletta; Zogas, Nikos; Yannaki, Evangelia; Zalloua, Pierre; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Browning, Brian L.; Stamatoyannopoulos, John; Paschou, Peristera; Drineas, Petros (2017).

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distances showed that they group with other European and Mediterranean populations, especially with Italians (−0.0001) and Tuscans (0.0005). A study in 2008 showed that Greek regional samples from the mainland cluster with those from the Balkans, principally Albanians while

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Greek surnames began to appear in the 9th and 10th century, at first among ruling families, eventually supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father's name as disambiguator. Nevertheless, Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics, such those ending in the suffix

8089:, however, got sucked into the conflict as allies of one side or the other ... The fact that Greeks were willing to fight for their cities against other Greeks in conflicts like the Peloponnesian War showed the limits of the pull of Hellas compared with that of the polis." 3284:, Greeks of the diaspora were important in establishing the fledgling state, raising funds and awareness abroad. Greek merchant families already had contacts in other countries and during the disturbances many set up home around the Mediterranean (notably Marseilles in 3402:

has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the classical era, the Hellenistic period, the Roman and Byzantine periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped.

10439: 3447: 3855:, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the Western world. In the East, 1489:, provided an important outlet for Greek culture, via the creation of colonies and trade routes along the way. While the Alexandrian empire did not survive its creator's death intact, the cultural implications of the spread of Hellenism across much of the 7743:, p. 21: "It emphasizes the role of myths, memories and symbols of ethnic chosenness, trauma, and the 'golden age' of saints, sages, and heroes in the rise of modern nationalism among the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks—the archetypal diaspora peoples." 7200:

There are some 28,500 persons of Greek origin and citizenship residing in Bulgaria. This number includes approximately 15,000 Sarakatsani, 2,500 former political refugees, 8,000 "old Greeks", 2,000 university students and 1,000 professionals and their

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and other state sponsored violence and discrimination. This effectively ended, though not entirely, the three-thousand-year-old presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor. There are smaller Greek minorities in the rest of the Balkan countries, the

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was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world's first university as well.

1948:(r. 1221–1254) claimed to have received the gift of royalty from Constantine the Great, and put emphasis on his "Hellenic" descent, exalting the wisdom of the Greek people. After the Byzantines recaptured Constantinople, however, in 1261, 1005:

Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, visual arts, exploration, theatre, literature, philosophy, ethics, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, medicine, science, technology, commerce, cuisine and sports. The

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Between 168 BC and 30 BC, the entire Greek world was conquered by Rome, and almost all of the world's Greek speakers lived as citizens or subjects of the Roman Empire. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became

6490: 5192:(PCA) confirmed the low genetic distance between Greeks and Italians and also revealed a cline of genes with highest frequencies in the Balkans and Southern Italy, spreading to lowest levels in Britain and the Basque country, which 5309:

A study from 2013 for prediction of hair and eye colour from DNA of the Greek people showed that the self-reported phenotype frequencies according to hair and eye colour categories was as follows: 119 individuals – hair colour, 11

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The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged

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continued to go to war with each other. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) made this painfully clear. The war (really two wars punctuated by a peace) was a duel between Greece's two leading cities, Athens and Sparta. Most other

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The Greek community in Sweden consists of approximately 24,000 Greeks who are permanent inhabitants, included in Swedish society and active in various sectors: science, arts, literature, culture, media, education, business, and

10808: 4841:, respectively. Female surnames end in a vowel and are usually the genitive form of the corresponding males surname, although this usage is not followed in the diaspora, where the male version of the surname is generally used. 4293:

was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the

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were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably

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The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%) ... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000.

9961:, p. 200: "An overall view of the finding obtained from these cephalometric analyses indicates that the Greek ethnic group has remained genetically stable in its cephalic and facial morphology for the last 4,000 years." 6624:

The Greek Italian community numbers some 30,000 and is concentrated mainly in central Italy. The age-old presence in Italy of Italians of Greek descent – dating back to Byzantine and Classical times – is attested to by the

1227:, but this narrative has been abandoned in all contemporary research. It is likely that one of the factors which contributed to the Mycenaean palatial collapse was linked to raids by groups known in historiography as the " 10443: 12678:

The brain drain is quickening. A recent study by the University of Thessaloniki found that more than 120,000 professionals, including doctors, engineers and scientists, have left Greece since the start of the crisis in

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first born male child named after the paternal grandfather, the second male child after the maternal grandfather, and similarly for female children. Personal names are often familiarized by a diminutive suffix, such as

2295:. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbreak of the 6908:

Some 35,000 Greeks reside in Belgium. Official Belgian data numbers Greeks in the country at 17,000, but does not take into account Greeks who have taken Belgian citizenship or work for international organizations and

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civilizations in the Aegean, were genetically homogeneous. In contrast, the Aegean population during the Middle Bronze Age was more differentiated; probably due to gene flow from a Yamnaya-related population from the

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The total number of Greeks living outside Greece and Cyprus today is a contentious issue. Where census figures are available, they show around three million Greeks outside Greece and Cyprus. Estimates provided by the

4785:, while others derive from trade professions, physical characteristics, or a location such as a town, village, or monastery. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine 5187:

Greeks cluster with the central Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean samples. Studies using mitochondrial DNA gene markers (mtDNA) showed that Greeks group with other Mediterranean European populations and

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Retro-migrations of Greeks from all parts of the Empire (mainly from Southern Italy and Sicily) into parts of Greece that were depopulated by the Slavic Invasions (mainly western Peloponnesus and Thessaly).

1734:, they became secondary to religious considerations, and the renewed empire used Christianity as a tool to support its cohesion and promote a robust Roman national identity. From the early centuries of the 12574:

The archaeological and textual evidence clearly demonstrates that there were well-established connections between the Aegean and western Anatolia during the late-fifteenth through the thirteenth centuries

6393: 1630:(non-Greek) peoples, which was deepened in the new cosmopolitan environment of the multi-ethnic Hellenistic kingdoms. This led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic 10077: 1054: 4625:

with a white cross surrounded by two laurel branches. A common design involves the current flag of Greece and the pre-1978 flag of Greece with crossed flagpoles and the national emblem placed in front.

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In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in

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See for example Anthony Bryer, 'The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontus' (Variourum, 1980), and his 'Migration and Settlement in the Caucasus and Anatolia' (Variourum, 1988), and other works listed in

7437: 5342:-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora. 3446: 5075:

these civilizations and modern Greeks, but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations. Furthermore, proposed migrations by

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system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment. These Greeks either emigrated, particularly to their fellow Orthodox Christian protector, the

9949:, p. 237: "Interpreted with caution, the craniofacial morphology in modern and ancient Greeks indicates elements of ethnic group continuation within the unavoidable multicultural mixtures." 1357:

in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of

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The most obvious link between modern and ancient Greeks is their language, which has a documented tradition from at least the 14th century BC to the present day, albeit with a break during the

2255:. Several Ottoman sultans and princes were also of part Greek origin, with mothers who were either Greek concubines or princesses from Byzantine noble families, one famous example being sultan 3312:(London and Liverpool) from where they traded, typically in textiles and grain. Businesses frequently comprised the extended family, and with them they brought schools teaching Greek and the 1624:. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with 1305: 12860:

Atkinson, Quentin D.; Gray, Russel D. (2006). "Chapter 8: How Old is the Indo-European Language Family? Illumination or More Moths to the Flame?". In Forster, Peter; Renfrew, Colin (eds.).

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Today, an estimated three million Americans resident in the United States claim Greek descent. This large, well-organized community cultivates close political and cultural ties with Greece.

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world, the Byzantine Greeks contributed by the dissemination of literacy and Christianity. The most notable example of the later was the work of the two Byzantine Greek brothers, the monks

6486: 3623:, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greek citizens in Greece and the diaspora are bilingual in other languages such as English, 6550: 12632: 10812: 9922:, p. 504: "Autochthony, being an Athenian idea and represented in many Athenian texts, is likely to have influenced a broad public of readers, wherever Greek literature was read." 15673:

Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies – Introduction".

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colonists was not discernible in their data, thus "rejecting the hypothesis that the cultures of the Aegean were seeded by migrants from the old civilizations of these regions." The

7291: 9411: 7069: 6702: 5224:), similar to mainland Greeks who share high IBD with Eastern Europeans. This reflects settlement patterns in Crete, driven by Myceneans and Dorians, Goths and Slavs. Peoples like 1698:("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"). In the centuries following the Roman conquest of the Greek world, the Greek and Roman cultures merged into a single 7187: 11559:). "We live around a sea like frogs around a pond" was how Socrates, so Plato tells us, described to his friends the Hellenic cities of the Aegean in the late fifth century B.C." 6895: 2156:. Many Ottomans of Greek (or Albanian or Serb) origin were therefore to be found within the Ottoman forces which governed the provinces, from Ottoman Egypt, to Ottomans occupied 10654: 10324: 9774:: "The deluge in the time of Deucalion, for instance took place chiefly in the Greek world and in it especially about ancient Hellas, the country about Dodona and the Achelous." 9373: 7390: 7324: 7221: 6784: 3068:

Around 1990, most Western estimates of the number of ethnic Greeks in Albania were around 200,000 but in the 1990s, a majority of them migrated to Greece. The Greek minority of

2124:. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited territory itself, Greeks came to play a leading role in the 9441: 6973: 6862: 5162:). A study in 2008 showed that Greeks are genetically closest to Italians and Romanians and another 2008 study showed that they are close to Italians, Albanians, Romanians and 4245:

The Greeks of the Classical and Hellenistic eras made seminal contributions to science and philosophy, laying the foundations of several western scientific traditions, such as

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in 2011, 23,800 Greeks emigrated to Germany, a significant increase over the previous year. By comparison, about 9,000 Greeks emigrated to Germany in 2009 and 12,000 in 2010.

9350: 6520: 6329: 1849:(Γραικοί, "Greeks") was also used, though its use was less common, and nonexistent in official Byzantine political correspondence, prior to the Fourth Crusade of 1204. The 1462:

conquest for the sake of conquest" or at least conquest for the sake of riches, glory and power and view the "ideal" as useful propaganda directed towards the city-states.

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and other centers of Greek learning, while Byzantine science was essentially a continuation of classical science. Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in

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The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as a glorious era of heroes, closeness of the gods and material wealth. The

8655:, p. 345: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims of universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'." 2035:

were those principally responsible for carrying, in person and in writing, ancient Greek grammatical and literary studies to the West during the 15th century, giving the

5637:. Liberated after a long struggle by the Empire of Nicaea, but fragments remain separated. Migrations between Asia Minor, Constantinople and mainland Greece take place. 4857:

for female names. Greeks generally do not use middle names, instead using the genitive of the father's first name as a middle name. This usage has been passed on to the

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every year while the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names. Notable Greek scientists of modern times include: physician

10311:"The long and adventurous 20th century history of migration in Greece can be drawn by period: .... 1990's: The vast majority of the 200,000 ethnic Greeks from Albania". 3120:, the number is closer to just below five million. Integration, intermarriage, and loss of the Greek language influence the self-identification of the Greek diaspora ( 11555:, p. 260: "Cities employed the coins of an empire that formed a community of cities encircling the Mediterranean Sea, which Romans audaciously called "Our Sea" ( 9283: 7082:

It is estimated that some 20,000 to 30,000 persons of Greek origin currently reside in Argentina, and there are Greek communities in the wider region of Buenos Aires.

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nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern

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places the event as late as 1600 BC. Numerous other theories have also been supported, but there is a general consensus that the Greek tribes arrived around 2100 BC.

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that scholars began to question Homer's historicity. As part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece (e.g.

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in the Balkans. Mycenaean elites were genetically the same as Mycenaean commoners in terms of their steppe ancestry, while some Mycenaeans lacked it altogether.

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of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There are small groups of ethnic Greeks adhering to other

2612:, not by citizenship, race, and religion or by being subjects of any particular state. In ancient and medieval times and to some extent today the Greek term was 10081: 20763: 1932:

A distinct Greek identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the

10295: 6259: 20083: 17823: 12824: 10907: 7488: 1960:, who abandoned Christianity and in whose writings culminated the secular tendency in the interest in the classical past. However, it was the combination of 10259: 2937: 1620:

This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger

14056:

Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (Volume Five: Michael VIII to Constantine XI 1258–1453)

3171:. In 2010, the Hellenic Parliament introduced a law that allowed members of the diaspora to vote in Greek elections; this law was repealed in early 2014. 8643:, 389: "Mense lanuario c. epiphaniam Basilii, Graecorum imperatoris, legati cum muneribus et epistolis ad Hludowicum regem Radasbonam venerunt ...". 3060:

in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, and a temporary decline in fertility. After the

17807: 17797: 11236: 10224:, p. 24: "In occupied Cyprus on the other hand, where heavy ethnic cleansing took place, only 300 Greek Cypriots remain from the original 200,000!" 9463:"The kinship of all Greeks in blood and speech, and the shrines of gods and the sacrifices that we have in common, and the likeness of our way of life." 6431: 3569:

in the 19th century, which emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage, these foreign influences were excluded from official use via the creation of

1122:, as they presented themselves centuries later and are therefore subject to some uncertainties. There were at least two migrations, the first being the 12702: 2373:, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek 11976:"European Population Genetic Substructure: Further Definition of Ancestry Informative Markers for Distinguishing Among Diverse European Ethnic Groups" 10685: 10499: 17877: 2345:, probably the most important intellectual of the movement, advocated the use of the term "Hellene" (Έλληνας) or "Graikos" (Γραικός) in the place of 1636:

to the next generation. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

14004: 12266:

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Piazza, Alberto (1993). "Human genomic diversity in Europe: a summary of recent research and prospects for the future".

8314:, p. 51: "The Hellenistic period is commonly portrayed as the great age of Greek scientific discovery, above all in mathematics and astronomy." 7005: 6394:"Statistical Service – Population and Social Conditions – Population Census – Announcements – Preliminary Results of the Census of Population, 2011" 5290: 5281: 3573:, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state. In 1976, however, the 2410:

The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state.

1353:

of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the

16269: 6363: 4704:. The democratic form of government declined during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, only to be revived as an interest in Western Europe during the 3338:

In the 20th century, many Greeks left their traditional homelands for economic reasons resulting in large migrations from Greece and Cyprus to the

6875:

Some 15,000 Greeks reside in the wider region of Paris, Lille and Lyon. In the region of Southern France, the Greek community numbers some 20,000.

21689: 21685: 21681: 21677: 21673: 12311: 9393:

I. Polinskaya, "Shared sanctuaries and the gods of others: On the meaning Of 'common' in Herodotus 8.144", in: R. Rosen & I. Sluiter (eds.),

9087: 6814: 6424:"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011–2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates" 9554:

New Political Constitution of the Inhabitants of Rumeli, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Aegean, and the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

6811:"Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года в отношении демографических и социально-экономических характеристик отдельных национальностей" 6286:"Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece: An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards" 21669: 19608: 18653: 18574: 18413: 11035: 10733: 10013: 9790:, 16.233–16.235: "King Zeus, lord of Dodona ... you who hold wintry Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selloi dwell around you." 7526: 6694: 3889:

and adapted the pagan motifs in the service of Christianity, provided a stimulus to the art of many nations. Its influences can be traced from

11114: 18726: 12622: 10465: 6542: 3773: 3756:

Greek-speaking Muslims live mainly outside Greece in the contemporary era. There are both Christian and Muslim Greek-speaking communities in

3042: 983: 17855: 16564:Ταυτότητες στον ελληνικό κόσμο (από το 1204 έως σήμερα. Δ΄ Ευρωπαϊκό Συνέδριο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Γρανάδα, 9–12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2010. Πρακτικά 10737: 7304:

The Greek community in Switzerland is estimated to number some 11,000 persons (of a total of 1.5 million foreigners residing in the country.

21665: 19783: 18663: 15434:

Papagrigorakis, M.J.; Kousoulis, A.A.; Synodinos, P.N. (2014). "Craniofacial Morphology in Ancient and Modern Greeks through 4,000 Years".

3415:

is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today.

3048:

Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the

2337:, contributed not only in the promotion of education, culture and printing among the Greeks, but also in the case of independence from the 10414: 7283: 5174:. A 2003 study showed that Greeks cluster with other South European (mainly Italians) and North-European populations and are close to the 4576:, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto 21693: 11649: 9417: 9370: 8485:, p. 264: "From the fourth century AD onwards the Greeks of the eastern Roman empire called themselves Rhomaioi ('Romans') ..." 9438: 8848: 7061: 5582:

conquest of several parts of Greece, Greek migrations to Southern Italy, Roman emperors capture main Slavic bodies and transfer them to

1819:, one of the most renowned philosophers of the late Byzantine era, a chief pioneer of the revival of Greek scholarship in Western Europe 20153: 20113: 19646: 14898:

Levene, Mark (1998). "Creating a Modern 'Zone of Genocide': The Impact of Nation- and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878–1923".

7179: 6836: 4932:

and trade were natural outlets for Greeks since the Greek peninsula is mostly rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture.

3113: 11186: 11001: 10646: 10332: 10055: 9347: 7382: 7316: 7213: 6887: 6776: 6296: 3261: 1050:

Proto-Greek area of settlement (2200/2100–1900 BC) suggested by Katona (2000), Sakelariou (2016, 1980, 1975) and Phylaktopoulos (1975)

21990: 21713: 7157: 6980: 6854: 5905: 4971:. In later times, the Byzantine Greeks plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the 3233:. Under the Roman Empire, easier movement of people spread Greeks across the Empire and in the eastern territories, Greek became the 9767: 6758: 6745: 6603: 5465:

and Southern Italy. The first Pan-Hellenic festival, the Olympic games, is held in 776 BC. The emergence of Pan-Hellenism marks the

2700:; all of these terms were used, synonymously, to denote a common Greek identity. In the historical period, Herodotus identified the 20370: 20020: 18687: 15787:

Skourtanioti, Eirini; Ringbauer, Harald; Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto; Bianco, Raffaela Angelina; et al. (16 January 2023).

11350: 10615: 8368: 8185: 8108: 6512: 4225: 2812:

and the "Greeks" who later came to be known as "Hellenes". In the Homeric tradition, the Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus.

2547:; during the mid-to-late Byzantine period (11th–13th century), a growing number of Byzantine Greek intellectuals deemed themselves 2291:

The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce exemplified in the

20035: 18198: 12464:"Assessing temporal and geographic contacts across the Adriatic Sea through the analysis of genome-wide data from Southern Italy" 9725: 7415: 6581: 3750: 11152: 7337:

The Greek Romanian community numbers some 10,000, and there are many Greeks working in established Greek enterprises in Romania.

4833:) and so forth. In addition to a Greek origin, some surnames have Turkish or Latin/Italian origin, especially among Greeks from 21995: 20623: 19882: 19760: 19730: 19466: 19462: 19458: 16219:

The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul

12999:

The Cambridge Ancient History: Plates to Volume III, the Middle East, the Greek World and the Balkans to the Sixth Century B.C.

11703: 10176: 8586: 7258: 6326:"Population - Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, Religion, Ethnic/Religious Group, 2011" 5143: 1142:, which descended from the Mycenaean period. Both migrations occur at incisive periods, the Mycenaean at the transition to the 11675: 10367: 9057: 8271: 6461: 1114:, at the end of the 3rd millennium BC between 2200 and 1900 BC. The sequence of migrations into the Greek mainland during the 20266: 19897: 19297: 19226: 18584: 17870: 17641: 17608: 17587: 17564: 17543: 17522: 17501: 17478: 17457: 17429: 17408: 17387: 17366: 17324: 17303: 17277: 17244: 17188: 17149: 17118: 17084: 17051: 17030: 17007: 16972: 16951: 16918: 16897: 16864: 16828: 16786: 16730: 16697: 16620: 16597: 16548: 16515: 16486: 16467: 16437: 16416: 16395: 16372: 16338: 16317: 16296: 16228: 16205: 16184: 16128: 16107: 16074: 16053: 16032: 15963: 15942: 15915: 15896: 15872: 15851: 15748: 15713: 15640: 15619: 15598: 15577: 15556: 15535: 15503: 15482: 15424: 15401: 15334: 15313: 15292: 15250: 15217: 15196: 15175: 15152: 15092: 15057: 15024: 14991: 14967: 14932: 14752: 14719: 14643: 14587: 14515: 14494: 14436: 14403: 14370: 14349: 14326: 14305: 14272: 14251: 14230: 14197: 14164: 14143: 14110: 14089: 14064: 14031: 13949: 13928: 13874: 13855: 13832: 13796: 13773: 13752: 13708: 13687: 13651: 13618: 13594: 13561: 13487: 13466: 13440: 13407: 13374: 13338: 13317: 13275: 13244: 13223: 13200: 13177: 13156: 13135: 13089: 13070: 13049: 13028: 13007: 12986: 12934: 12913: 12892: 12869: 12772: 12739: 10842: 10786: 10245: 10147: 10111: 9632: 9202: 8028: 7670: 7631: 7482: 4696:. While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred historically. Led by 3382: 2356:

religion continued after the creation of the modern Greek nation-state in 1830. According to the second article of the first

2203:) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman 17647: 17614: 17330: 17250: 17217: 17194: 17124: 17057: 16978: 16924: 16870: 16834: 16792: 16736: 16703: 16626: 16521: 16080: 15719: 15372: 15223: 15063: 15030: 15016:

Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches: A Concise History of the Religious Cultures of Greece from Antiquity to the Present

14997: 14938: 14758: 14725: 14649: 14614: 14521: 14442: 14409: 14376: 14278: 14203: 14170: 14116: 14037: 13901: 13802: 13725: 13657: 13624: 13567: 13413: 13380: 13344: 13250: 12778: 12745: 12599: 9276: 8926: 5703:

European Ottoman lands partitioned; unorganized migrations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Turks towards their respective states.

2381:

of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control.

2267: 19823: 19580: 19375: 18647: 11510: 8226: 7094: 5135: 3835:

Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West,

1980:

identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the

12665: 9015: 5139: 2311:, all three major centres of Greek commerce. Greek success was also favoured by Greek domination in the leadership of the 2096:(1395/1403–1472) played a key role in transmitting classical knowledge to Western Europe, contributing to the Renaissance. 1857:, a name not used during its own time) became increasingly influenced by Greek culture after the 7th century when Emperor 20547: 20187: 19974: 19618: 18658: 18499: 18003: 11308: 9584:

under its Patriarch and Church helped to ensure the persistence of a separate ethnic identity, which, even if it did not

9234: 7234:

The Greek community of Georgia is currently estimated at 15,000 people, mostly elderly people living in the Tsalkas area.

4356: 4273:. The scholarly tradition of the Greek academies was maintained during Roman times with several academic institutions in 3014:

and continuity shared between both groups. There is also a direct genetic link between ancient Greeks and modern Greeks.

1410:, their first loyalty was to their city and they saw nothing incongruous about warring, often brutally, with other Greek 1015: 11456: 7621: 4700:, Athenians established what is generally held as the first democracy in 508–507 BC, which took gradually the form of a 3661: 3377:

While official figures remain scarce, polls and anecdotal evidence point to renewed Greek emigration as a result of the

3209:. Under Alexander the Great's empire and successor states, Greek and Hellenizing ruling classes were established in the 3045:

between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens.

3003:, certain values and cultural traditions, customs, a sense of religious and cultural difference and exclusion (the word 22062: 20355: 20123: 20012: 19739: 19569: 19414: 18809: 18048: 15265: 14537:

Klein, Holgen A. (2004). "Eastern Objects and Western Desires: Relics and Reliquaries between Byzantium and the West".

13112: 12567: 12385: 11930: 11908: 10930: 7851: 6728: 3726: 3072:, which numbered upwards of 200,000 people after the 1923 exchange, has now dwindled to a few thousand, after the 1955 12023:

King, Roy J.; et al. (2008). "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic".

7357: 5031: 4617:) on a blue background, is widely used as an alternative to the official flag, and they are often flown together. The 1906:

could be used neutrally, its use by Westerners from the 9th century onwards in order to challenge Byzantine claims to

21721: 20218: 19575: 19560: 18673: 18628: 18559: 18554: 18251: 16765: 16011: 15663: 15366: 14608: 14460:"Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State" 13895: 13296: 11380: 8920: 8893: 8731: 7135: 7039: 6457: 4221: 3245:

of southern Italy, numbering about 60,000, may represent a living remnant of the ancient Greek populations of Italy.

2374: 2299:

in 1821. Not coincidentally, on the eve of 1821, the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in

2032: 1966: 1383:) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The 11618: 11270: 6921: 5775:. 1.5 million of Asia Minor and Pontic Greeks settle in Greece, and some 450 thousands of Muslims settle in Turkey. 5146:

markers, show that Greeks share similar backgrounds as the rest of the Europeans and especially Southern Europeans (

5107:, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of the Eurasian steppe who are hypothesized to be the 1940:, a small circle of the elite used the term "Hellene" as a term of self-identification. For example, in a letter to 1613:, both of which maintained Greek cultures and governments for centuries. The end is often placed around conquest of 22052: 20198: 20193: 20025: 19942: 19472: 18224: 17863: 17756: 11696:"Lecture by Prof. David Reich - "The Genetic History of the Southern Arc: A Bridge between West Asia & Europe"" 10903: 10286: 9743: 7464: 6195:

While Greek authorities signed the agreement legalizing the population exchange this was done on the insistence of

5979:

Some statistics show the beginning of a trend of reverse migration of Greeks from the United States and Australia.

1573: 765:

Those whose stated ethnic origins included "Greek" among others. The number of those whose stated ethnic origin is

18638: 17841: 5103:

culture in the Levant (~7–14%). The Mycenaeans had also inherited ~3.3–5.5% ancestry from a source related to the

4991: 2758:

says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (

2128:, due in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on 20233: 19725: 17764: 17711: 12885:

Crossing the Aegean: The Consequences of the 1923 Greek-Turkish Population Exchange (Studies in Forced Migration)

6947: 6182:

dates the arrival of the Greeks around 1900 BC, John Caskey believes that there were two waves of immigrants and

5958: 3715: 2361: 1989: 1601:

was the next period of Greek civilization, the beginnings of which are usually placed at Alexander's death. This

6649: 22067: 19853: 19390: 12944:

Bjørnlund, Matthias (February 2008). "The 1914 Cleansing of Aegean Greeks as a Case of Violent Turkification".

9839: 8698: 5054: 16609:"Time Depth, Convergence Theory, and Innovation in Proto-Indo-European: 'Old Europe' as a PIE Linguistic Area" 16567: 14467: 13497:

Clemente, Florian; Unterländer, Martina; Dolgova, Olga; Amorim, Carlos Eduardo G.; et al. (13 May 2021).

11034:. Roula Tsokalidou (Primary School Education Department, University of Thessaly, Greece). pp. 1245–1255. 1914:

for the Byzantines who barely used it, mostly in contexts relating to the West, such as texts relating to the

21751: 21017: 20908: 19996: 19922: 19379: 19277: 18643: 17885: 17770: 12692: 12381:"Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks" 11228: 9169: 8809:"Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity". 5803: 5118:

A genetic study by Clemente et al. (2021) found that in the Early Bronze Age, the populations of the Minoan,

2544: 1011: 21149: 18387: 17736: 5374:

tribes from around the Southern Balkans/Aegean are generally thought to have arrived in the Greek mainland.

1892:, the Latin West started to favour the Franks and began to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire largely as the 1450:

Most of the feuding Greek city-states were, in some scholars' opinions, united by force under the banner of

21233: 20228: 20119: 19667: 19533: 19385: 19105: 18801: 18614: 18090: 15793: 14712:

Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume II: Diaspora Communities

10677: 10495: 5994: 5875: 5240: 5189: 4771: 4299: 3343: 3149: 3145: 2932: 2920: 1395: 1101: 998:

communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the

18297: 14428:

Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition

5314:, 45 dark blond/light brown, 49 dark brown, 3 brown red/auburn and 11 had black hair; eye colour, 13 with 4801:

of a patronymic name. Many surnames end in suffixes that are associated with a particular region, such as

1010:

is the oldest recorded living language and its vocabulary has been the basis of many languages, including

21646: 21635: 21438: 20614: 20109: 19982: 19863: 19812: 19755: 19707: 19687: 19523: 19287: 19259: 18362: 18191: 17967: 16689:

The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age: Continuity and Change between the Twelfth and Eighth Centuries BC

16170: 14835:

Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Acar, Ayşe; Açıkkol, Ayşen; et al. (26 August 2022).

13960: 11850:

Ayub, Q (2003). "Reconstruction of human evolutionary tree using polymorphic autosomal microsatellites".

7403:

There are between 10,000 and 12,000 ethnic Greeks living in Kazakhstan, organized in several communities.

7009: 5746:(modern-day Izmir) more than 40 thousand Greeks killed; end of significant Greek presence in Asia Minor. 4641:. It is not part of the modern Greek flag or coat-of-arms, although it is officially the insignia of the 4492: 4476: 1459: 17683: 16239: 6371: 3518:, variously dated from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Notable scientific and mathematical works include 2965: 2043:

philosophical tradition was nearly unbroken in the Greek world for almost two thousand years, until the

978:

In recent times, most ethnic Greeks live within the borders of the modern Greek state or in Cyprus. The

21975: 21747: 21699: 20920: 20577: 20138: 20074: 19928: 19492: 19488: 19484: 19480: 19476: 19395: 18767: 18697: 18514: 14075: 9732:: "From when Hellen Deuc became king of otis and those previously called Graekoi were named Hellenes." 5935: 3793: 3652: 3371: 3153: 3057: 2404: 2324: 2285: 2055: 1403:

architecture and literature would be instrumental in the formation and development of Western culture.

9974:

Gibbons, Ann (2 August 2017). "The Greeks really do have near-mythical origins, ancient DNA reveals".

9079: 5608:

Roman dissolution of surviving Slavic settlements in Greece and full recovery of the Greek peninsula.

5201: 4320: 1727:, in the sense of being pagan, by their Christianized Greek brethren in mainstream Byzantine society. 21651: 21484: 21191: 21181: 21062: 20633: 20604: 20600: 20543: 20469: 20331: 20178: 19636: 19628: 19400: 19362: 19305: 19282: 19241: 18863: 18791: 18610: 18544: 18539: 18524: 18323: 17295: 16138: 11024: 8939:

By the end of the fourteenth century the Byzantine emperor was often called "Emperor of the Hellenes"

7128: 6810: 6755: 5824: 5790: 5193: 5128: 5037: 4716: 4618: 4583: 4002: 3809: 3636: 3632: 3588: 3550: 3328: 3281: 2328: 2296: 2199:, (as opposed to being so named by others) and, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity ( 10022: 7519: 5948:

Many civil war refugees allowed to return to Greece. Retro-migration of Greeks from Germany begins.

4323:(acclaimed contributor to real and complex analysis and the calculus of variations); archaeologists 2215:. The most notable examples of large-scale conversion to Turkish Islam among those today defined as 2104:

on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the

1266:) were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past and it was not until the time of 21781: 21446: 21135: 21078: 20538: 20498: 20183: 20142: 20030: 19745: 19735: 19539: 19409: 19315: 19183: 19175: 19073: 19001: 18867: 18786: 18772: 18564: 18484: 18115: 14925:

The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance

12329: 11106: 7695:

Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland The text of the New Testament: an introduction to the critical 1995 p. 52

5686: 5096: 4743: 4630: 4205: 4016: 3913: 3722: 3538: 3319:

As markets changed and they became more established, some families grew their operations to become

3225:

is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization that established Greek cities and kingdoms in

2564: 2508: 1945: 1598: 38: 17: 17400:

Ottoman Greeks in the Age of Nationalism: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Nineteenth Century

10473: 6196: 2644:

Greeks and Greek-speakers have used different names to refer to themselves collectively. The term

1965:

expressions of Hellenic identity were confined within intellectual circles, but were continued by

21935: 21844: 21661: 21143: 20494: 20359: 20252: 20173: 19818: 19641: 19404: 19310: 19231: 19205: 19187: 19179: 19141: 19065: 19061: 19005: 18706: 18692: 18594: 18529: 18428: 18071: 18064: 18033: 17893: 17358:

A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece: The Southwestern Morea in the 18th Century

12825:"A comparative cephalometric investigation of the Greek craniofacial pattern through 4,000 years" 6229:, p. 196: "The Greek diaspora remains large, consisting of up to 4 million people globally." 6156: 5104: 4751: 4747: 4727: 4468: 4424: 3813: 3467: 3428: 3253: 2701: 2188: 2172: 1961: 1957: 1918:, to present the Western viewpoint. Additionally, among the Germanic and the Slavic peoples, the 1077: 31: 14638:. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 29–50. 10403: 2990:

descent based on autochthony. During the later years of the Eastern Roman Empire, areas such as

2414:

gave a famous account of what defined Greek (Hellenic) ethnic identity in his day, enumerating

21966: 21945: 21927: 21727: 21627: 21434: 21033: 20295: 20243: 20158: 19892: 19877: 19793: 19449: 19209: 19097: 19093: 19085: 19081: 19077: 18859: 18471: 18466: 18438: 18184: 14665:

Lagouvardos, Panagiotis E.; Tsamali, Ioana; Papadopoulou, Christine; Polyzois, Gregory (2012).

6146: 5092: 4408: 4295: 4213: 4165: 3925: 3921: 3746: 3479: 3378: 3359: 3027: 3023: 2669: 2587:, which together with the conception of Hellenism, formulated during the last centuries of the 2552: 2357: 2101: 2044: 1644: 1470: 1224: 1119: 1105: 15147:. Montreal & Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 196–232. 14395:

Eastern Europe at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century: A Guide to the Economies in Transition

13785:"Canonising and Decanonising Homer: Reception of the Homeric Poems in Antiquity and Modernity" 12463: 11900: 11894: 11641: 8721: 3185: 1812: 22057: 21985: 21892: 21709: 21469: 21200: 21037: 20490: 20464: 20322: 20213: 20207: 20104: 20079: 20069: 19887: 19859: 19598: 19498: 19201: 19089: 19057: 18105: 12497:

Skourtanioti, Eirini; Ringbauer, Harald; Ruscone, Guido Alberto Gnecchi; et al. (2023).

12335: 12166:"Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the Near Eastern origin of Etruscans" 9407: 8840: 6025: 5786: 5429:

The Mycenaean civilization ends with destructions of palaces and internal displacements. The

5119: 5112: 5100: 4960: 4735: 4633:, the imperial emblem of the last dynasty of the Eastern Roman Empire and a common symbol in 4622: 4587: 4578: 4557: 4512: 4396: 4372: 4336: 4308: 4078: 3998: 3836: 3797: 3687: 3656: 3313: 3266: 3180: 2353: 2088: 2063: 1354: 999: 879: 753: 17701: 6840: 6723:

Rippin, Andrew (2008). World Islam: Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies. Routledge. p. 77.

6285: 5066:

Factor correspondence analysis comparing different individuals from European ancestry groups

1398:, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into "Classical", from the end of the 1110:

The Proto-Greeks probably arrived at the area now called Greece, in the southern tip of the

21939: 21931: 21922: 21902: 21588: 21248: 21238: 21205: 21139: 20719: 20629: 20528: 20440: 20343: 20327: 19970: 19938: 19798: 19697: 19672: 19519: 19165: 19111: 18997: 18682: 18569: 18519: 18443: 18433: 18377: 18372: 18347: 18267: 18145: 18043: 17987: 17921: 17110: 14921:"Archimedes, the North Baths at Morgantina, and Early Developments in Vaulted Construction" 14789: 13972: 11806: 11749: 11194: 10993: 10047: 8541: 7370:

Currently there are about 9,500 Greeks living in Uzbekistan, with 6,500 living in Tashkent.

6088: 5759:; Greece and Turkey agree to exchange populations with limited exceptions of the Greeks in 5743: 5591: 5371: 5322: 5108: 4999: 4723: 4670:. The term appeared in the 5th century BC to denote the political systems then existing in 4328: 4234: 4063: 3898: 3801: 3519: 3202: 2580: 2334: 1925:

There are three schools of thought regarding this Byzantine Roman identity in contemporary

1451: 1430: 1406:

While the Greeks of the classical era understood themselves to belong to a common Hellenic

1097: 867: 19902: 12498: 10080:. Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. Archived from 9475:

Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations

7149: 4990:

The Greek shipping tradition recovered during the late Ottoman rule (especially after the

3490:

has a continuous history of over 2,500 years. The oldest inscriptions in Greek are in the

1458:'s Pan-Hellenic ideals, though others might generally opt, rather, for an explanation of " 8: 21980: 21864: 21177: 21100: 21005: 20316: 20248: 20002: 19988: 19849: 19692: 19590: 19565: 19529: 18749: 18462: 18423: 18287: 18282: 18130: 18125: 18100: 17982: 17947: 16349: 14774:

Lazaridis, Iosif; Mittnik, Alissa; Patterson, Nick; Mallick, Swapan; et al. (2017).

11392:

R. Po-chia Hsia, Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie G. Smith,

10375: 9764: 9580:, p. 98: "After the Ottoman conquest in 1453, recognition by the Turks of the Greek 8533: 8174: 6742: 5527: 5272: 5213: 5197: 4739: 4731: 4705: 4432: 4428: 4384: 4177: 4161: 4067: 4059: 4055: 4040: 3929: 3856: 3844: 3574: 3503: 3164: 3117: 2649: 2631: 2419: 2219:—excluding those who had to convert as a matter of course on being recruited through the 2067: 2036: 1985: 1970: 1915: 1478: 1455: 1440: 1391: 1169: 1147: 1139: 83: 17556:

After The War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation and State in Greece, 1943–1960

17535:

Ourselves and Others: The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity since 1912

14873: 14836: 14793: 13976: 12439: 12355: 11810: 11753: 11342: 8360: 8100: 7006:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Turkey: Rum Orthodox Christians" 5693:

begins. Large-scale migrations from Constantinople and Asia Minor to Greece take place.

2640:

Map showing the major regions of mainland ancient Greece, and adjacent "barbarian" lands

769:"Greek" is 145,250. An additional 3,395 Cypriots of undeclared ethnicity live in Canada. 21912: 21897: 21732: 21631: 21618: 21228: 21169: 21161: 21090: 20787: 20347: 20260: 20223: 20163: 19978: 19844: 19839: 19778: 19770: 19437: 18710: 18702: 18678: 18633: 18367: 18333: 18160: 17916: 17850: 16754: 16678: 16566:. Vol. 3. Athens: European Association of Modern Greek Studies. pp. 419–430. 16217: 16158: 15823: 15788: 15775: 15758:

Shahid, Irfan (1972). "The Iranian Factor in Byzantium during the Reign of Heraclius".

15690: 15652: 15459: 15242:

Athletes and Oracles: The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC

15127: 15119: 14886: 14818: 14775: 14694: 14576: 14562: 14554: 13996: 13533: 13498: 13124: 13101: 12961: 12811: 12479: 12415: 12380: 12291: 12243: 12215:"Analysis and Application of European Genetic Substructure Using 300 K SNP Information" 12214: 12190: 12165: 12141: 12116: 12048: 12000: 11975: 11951: 11925: 11875: 11827: 11794: 11775: 7603: 7507: 6058: 5938:. Almost all Greeks living in northern Cyprus flee to the south or the United Kingdom. 5918: 5897: 5756: 5236: 5167: 5155: 5015: 4944: 4755: 4658: 4586:. The blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bears a white cross, which represents 4508: 4448: 4440: 4436: 4416: 4340: 4324: 4189: 4169: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4126: 4051: 3990: 3933: 3872: 3819: 3665: 3628: 3608: 3546: 3463: 3222: 3214: 3037: 2820: 2365: 2252: 2240: 2093: 2001: 1976:

The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on

1885: 1872:

recognized the Eastern Empire's claim to the Roman legacy for several centuries, after

1723:

remained pagan until the ninth century and as such its inhabitants were referred to as

1656: 1651:

was spreading and Greek missionaries would play an important role in propagating it to

1602: 1590: 1536: 1532: 1508: 1399: 1081: 899:

Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the

16141:(March 2008). "On Young Turk Social Engineering in Eastern Turkey from 1913 to 1950". 13613:. Ethnic Groups of the World Series. Santa Barbara and Oxford: ABC-CLIO Incorporated. 13432:

The Ancient Mariners: Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient Times

12132: 12092: 12067: 11160: 9722: 8456: 8439: 7423: 6589: 4711:

The European enlightenment and the democratic, liberal and nationalistic ideas of the

2031:

were largely responsible for the preservation of the literature of the classical era.

22027: 21907: 21854: 21785: 21454: 21153: 21066: 21021: 20351: 20238: 20089: 20058: 19952: 19871: 19867: 19514: 19370: 19320: 19271: 19236: 18813: 18534: 18503: 18357: 18352: 18239: 18219: 18023: 17637: 17604: 17583: 17560: 17539: 17518: 17514:

Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870–1990

17497: 17490: 17474: 17453: 17425: 17404: 17383: 17362: 17320: 17299: 17273: 17240: 17184: 17145: 17142:

Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks (Studies in Hellenistic Civilization 8)

17114: 17080: 17047: 17026: 17019: 17003: 16996: 16968: 16947: 16914: 16893: 16860: 16824: 16782: 16761: 16726: 16693: 16616: 16593: 16544: 16511: 16492: 16482: 16463: 16433: 16412: 16391: 16368: 16334: 16313: 16292: 16261: 16224: 16201: 16180: 16124: 16103: 16070: 16049: 16028: 16007: 15959: 15938: 15892: 15868: 15847: 15828: 15810: 15744: 15709: 15659: 15636: 15615: 15594: 15573: 15552: 15531: 15524: 15499: 15478: 15451: 15420: 15397: 15362: 15330: 15309: 15288: 15246: 15213: 15192: 15171: 15164: 15148: 15141:"5 Greece: From Emigration to Immigration and the Problems of Inter-Ethnic Relations" 15131: 15088: 15053: 15020: 14987: 14963: 14928: 14890: 14878: 14860: 14841: 14823: 14805: 14748: 14715: 14686: 14666: 14639: 14604: 14583: 14511: 14490: 14432: 14399: 14366: 14345: 14338: 14322: 14301: 14268: 14247: 14226: 14193: 14160: 14139: 14106: 14085: 14060: 14027: 13988: 13961:"Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin" 13945: 13924: 13891: 13870: 13851: 13828: 13792: 13769: 13748: 13704: 13683: 13647: 13614: 13590: 13557: 13538: 13520: 13483: 13462: 13436: 13403: 13370: 13334: 13313: 13292: 13271: 13240: 13219: 13196: 13173: 13152: 13131: 13108: 13085: 13066: 13045: 13024: 13003: 12982: 12975: 12930: 12909: 12888: 12865: 12836: 12815: 12768: 12735: 12563: 12483: 12420: 12402: 12360: 12283: 12248: 12195: 12146: 12097: 12040: 12036: 12005: 11956: 11904: 11867: 11832: 11767: 11376: 10838: 10251: 10241: 10143: 9835: 9628: 9535: 9208: 9198: 8916: 8889: 8727: 8639: 7666: 7627: 7478: 7246: 6724: 6108: 6048: 5962: 5807: 5730: 5506: 5007: 4980: 4972: 4887: 4712: 4527: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4380: 4270: 4258: 4217: 4209: 4185: 4154: 4036: 4028: 3994: 3986: 3940: 3757: 3600: 3554: 3542: 3471: 3399: 3394: 3355: 3218: 3082: 3078: 3033: 2982: 2970: 2605: 2342: 2281: 2140:, and of course was centred on the mainly Greek-populated, former Byzantine capital, 2017: 2013: 1926: 1889: 1834: 1687: 1680: 1554: 1466: 1415: 1115: 1065: 1041: 991: 900: 863: 564: 17576: 16162: 15694: 15463: 15447: 14698: 14566: 12965: 12295: 12052: 11779: 11695: 8578: 8564:, Chapter 2: "Christian Monotheism, Orthodox Christianity, Greek Orthodoxy", p. 74; 8440:"A critical lexicostatistical examination of Ancient and Modern Greek and Tsakonian" 4552: 3116:

put the figure at around seven million worldwide. According to George Prevelakis of

2559:

urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans.

21917: 21789: 21717: 21450: 21422: 21223: 21185: 21131: 21105: 21094: 21025: 20916: 20865: 20619: 20432: 20412: 20148: 20134: 18619: 18458: 18418: 18408: 18338: 18292: 18277: 18262: 18120: 17996: 17421:

Balkan Economic History, 1550–1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations

16674: 16251: 16150: 15986: 15882: 15818: 15802: 15767: 15682: 15513:

Podzuweit, Christian (1982). "Die mykenische Welt und Troja". In Hänsel, B. (ed.).

15443: 15111: 15081: 14907: 14868: 14850: 14813: 14797: 14780: 14678: 14546: 13980: 13528: 13512: 13455: 12953: 12803: 12471: 12410: 12394: 12350: 12340: 12275: 12238: 12228: 12185: 12177: 12136: 12128: 12087: 12079: 12032: 11995: 11987: 11946: 11938: 11859: 11822: 11814: 11757: 9979: 9049: 8963: 8451: 8263: 6453: 6063: 5562: 5502: 5405:

ruled by a Mycenaean elite, who formed a hybrid Mycenaean-Minoan culture on Crete.

5389: 5385: 5123: 5062: 5041: 5019: 4701: 4671: 4663: 4646: 4599: 4565: 4519: 4504: 4496: 4472: 4348: 4344: 4266: 4150: 4086: 4020: 3944: 3864: 3805: 3640: 3616: 3558: 3487: 3363: 3347: 3305: 3297: 3285: 3210: 3141: 3069: 3061: 2986: 2837: 2755: 2717: 2627: 2588: 2567:

was created in 1829, when the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands,

2520: 2312: 2212: 2211:, or simply converted to Islam, often only very superficially and whilst remaining 2028: 2021: 2009: 1937: 1850: 1816: 1805: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1419: 1295: 1283: 1244: 1159: 1131: 1127: 1085: 1058: 987: 948: 800: 20757: 19918: 17752:: The Construction and Uses of the Greek Past among Greeks under the Roman Empire. 16240:"The HIrisPlex System for Simultaneous Prediction of Hair and Eye Colour from DNA" 15907: 15143:. In Roberts, Lance W.; Ferguson, Barry; Bös, Mathias; Von Below, Susanne (eds.). 13920:

Population Dilemmas in the Middle East: Essays in Political Demography and Economy

13041:

Greek Warfare: From the Battle of Marathon to the Conquests of Alexander the Great

11879: 11394:

The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History, Volume I: To 1740

10778: 10103: 9413:

Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

8020: 4894:

The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea,

4515:(philosopher of history and ontologist, social critic, economist, psychoanalyst). 2973:'s clothes, by a manuscript depicting scenes from his life (between 1204 and 1453) 2636: 1617:

by Rome in 30 BC, although the Indo-Greek kingdoms lasted for a few more decades.

1394:

of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the

22021: 21961: 21884: 21777: 21742: 21508: 21458: 21430: 21266: 21258: 21243: 21215: 21109: 20562: 20365: 19956: 19677: 19662: 19543: 19049: 19023: 18849: 18579: 18549: 18397: 18318: 18165: 18150: 18140: 18095: 18015: 17845: 17740: 17631: 17598: 17554: 17533: 17512: 17468: 17419: 17398: 17377: 17356: 17314: 17287: 17267: 17234: 17211: 17178: 17104: 17074: 17041: 16962: 16941: 16908: 16887: 16854: 16818: 16776: 16720: 16687: 16608: 16587: 16538: 16505: 16457: 16427: 16406: 16383: 16361: 16328: 16307: 16286: 16256: 16195: 16174: 16118: 16097: 16064: 16043: 16022: 16001: 15953: 15932: 15886: 15862: 15841: 15736: 15703: 15630: 15609: 15588: 15567: 15546: 15493: 15472: 15412: 15389: 15354: 15324: 15303: 15282: 15240: 15207: 15186: 15140: 15047: 15014: 14981: 14955: 14920: 14742: 14707: 14631: 14598: 14505: 14484: 14426: 14393: 14360: 14316: 14295: 14262: 14241: 14220: 14187: 14154: 14133: 14100: 14079: 14054: 14021: 14000: 13939: 13918: 13885: 13843: 13822: 13784: 13763: 13742: 13719: 13698: 13679:

The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East

13677: 13641: 13608: 13584: 13551: 13477: 13430: 13397: 13364: 13328: 13307: 13286: 13234: 13211: 13188: 13167: 13146: 13060: 13039: 13018: 12997: 12924: 12903: 12880: 12762: 12729: 12591: 12233: 11683: 9771: 9729: 9445: 9377: 9354: 8994:, Part II Medieval Libraries: Chapter 6 Byzantine and Moslem Libraries, pp. 71–88 8910: 8883: 7660: 6762: 6749: 5922: 5889: 5871: 5820: 5531: 5523: 5519: 5498: 5430: 4995: 4790: 4456: 4444: 4352: 4246: 4193: 4114: 4090: 4044: 4009: 4005: 3967: 3789: 3765: 3761: 3718: 3703: 3596: 3495: 3475: 3367: 3332: 3293: 3289: 3168: 3125: 3073: 2978: 2765: 2693: 2551:

although for most Greek-speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan. On the eve of the

2395: 2232: 2137: 2133: 1952:

became again dominant as a term for self-description and there are few traces of

1941: 1869: 1614: 1558: 1474: 1444: 1236: 1235:

was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the

1232: 1220: 1177: 1135: 924: 875: 871: 21082: 18495: 15517:(in German). Berlin: Prahistorische Archäologie in Sudosteuropa. pp. 65–88. 15413:"Introduction – Modernity, History, and Conflict in Divided Cyprus: An Overview" 14837:"The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe" 14632:"To Hellenikon Ethnos: Ethnicity and the Construction of Ancient Greek Identity" 11518: 10408:

or the Return of the Greeks? State and Diaspora in the Context of Globalisation"

8585:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 23 December 2015. Online Edition. 8218: 8027:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 18 February 2016. Online Edition. 6430:. U.S. Department of Commerce: United States Census Bureau. 2013. Archived from 2985:

was in use during this period). Scholars compare its continuity of tradition to

21971: 21874: 21757: 21500: 21426: 21379: 21173: 21121: 21050: 21045: 21013: 20912: 20817: 20666: 20557: 20533: 20459: 20335: 20312: 20303: 20203: 20129: 20099: 20093: 19750: 19720: 19715: 19613: 19249: 19245: 19197: 19015: 18623: 18509: 18448: 18328: 18307: 18038: 17960: 17926: 17744: 17174: 16850: 16665:

Dickinson, Oliver (December 1999). "Invasion, Migration and the Shaft Graves".

15806: 14977: 13516: 13503: 13360: 12807: 12655: 12596:

Chapter 5, Statistics of Turkey's Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources

12345: 12319: 10811:. Comité International Permanent des Études Mycéniennes, UNESCO. Archived from 10727:"Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides" 9007: 6151: 6103: 6073: 6068: 5901: 5772: 5760: 5717: 5713: 5654: 5650: 5630: 5595: 5566: 5339: 5338:

Caucasus, Syria and Egypt. By the early 20th century, over half of the overall

5248: 5084: 5071: 5011: 4895: 4878: 4838: 4814: 4638: 4603: 4591: 4573: 4539: 4523: 4400: 4388: 4364: 4332: 4274: 4262: 4254: 4173: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4032: 3975: 3971: 3948: 3917: 3886: 3868: 3738: 3604: 3499: 3459: 3424: 3408: 3404: 3351: 3339: 3324: 3320: 3309: 3206: 3194: 3156: 3098: 3086: 3049: 3041:

new territories, as well as the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the

3000: 2995: 2924: 2789: 2609: 2576: 2572: 2556: 2540: 2512: 2504: 2370: 2338: 2208: 2192: 2168: 2141: 2129: 2125: 2113: 2079: 2005: 1981: 1977: 1933: 1902: 1868:

610–641 AD) decided to make Greek the empire's official language. Although the

1842: 1790: 1776: 1739: 1660: 1648: 1240: 1185: 1073: 1007: 995: 979: 972: 952: 944: 916: 887: 859: 842: 830: 740: 584: 204: 16496: 16154: 15789:"Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean" 15686: 14682: 12957: 12864:. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 91–109. 12499:"Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean" 12475: 11991: 11762: 11737: 11300: 10785:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 27 August 2014. Online Edition. 9226: 4548:

The national flag of Greece is commonly used as a symbol for Greeks worldwide.

3897:

in the East. In turn, Greek art was influenced by eastern civilizations (i.e.

22046: 22031: 21544: 21512: 21464: 21395: 21195: 21165: 21113: 21074: 21054: 21029: 20649: 20639: 20610: 20524: 20484: 20479: 20454: 20380: 19803: 19788: 19263: 18668: 18589: 18343: 18135: 17931: 17760: 15814: 14864: 14809: 14600:

Brigands with a Cause: Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece, 1821–1912

14486:

Diaspora Merchants in the Black Sea: The Greeks in Southern Russia, 1775–1861

13818: 13524: 13450: 12823:

Argyropoulos, Evangelos; Sassouni, Viken; Xeniotou, Anna (1 September 1989).

12406: 12219: 11464: 9856: 9212: 9014:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 30 March 2016. Online Edition. 8967: 7607: 6630: 6626: 6118: 6098: 6039: 5850: 5209: 5076: 4899: 4858: 4798: 4488: 4460: 4312: 4238: 4110: 4098: 4094: 4024: 3979: 3882: 3742: 3695: 3592: 3562: 3527: 3234: 3230: 3198: 2928: 2584: 2378: 2244: 2216: 2105: 2051: 1993: 1606: 1578: 1499: 1436: 1427: 1314: 1025: 1020: 780: 144: 14855: 13062:

Exploring the Greek Mosaic: A Guide to Intercultural Communication in Greece

12881:"3 Lausanne Revisited: Population Exchanges in International Law and Policy" 12545:

Architecture of Minoan Crete: Constructing Identity in the Aegean Bronze Age

11926:"Measuring European population stratification with microarray genotype data" 11543:, 109c: "ὥσπερ περὶ τέλμα μύρμηκας ἢ βατράχους περὶ τὴν θάλατταν οἰκοῦντας." 10255: 9983: 8908: 7843: 6948:"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari" 6652:(in Italian). Unione dei Comuni della Grecìa Salentina. 2016. Archived from 5925:

under Greek, Turkish and British protection. Economic emigration continues.

4967:), and the explorer of the Northwestern Passage Ioannis Fokas also known as 4649:. It had been incorporated in the Greek coat of arms between 1925 and 1926. 3103: 2399:, a Greek literary publication of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in 1418:, the large scale civil war between the two most powerful Greek city-states 1323: 1046: 947:. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the 21859: 21516: 21488: 21351: 21315: 21271: 21125: 21086: 21070: 21058: 20974: 20950: 20888: 20809: 20709: 20701: 20572: 20398: 20256: 19341: 19329: 18987: 18889: 18780: 18453: 18382: 18057: 16265: 15832: 15455: 14911: 14882: 14827: 14690: 14667:"Tooth, Skin, Hair and Eye Colour Interrelationships in Greek Young Adults" 13992: 13673: 13604: 13542: 12627: 12587: 12424: 12364: 12312:"A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations" 12252: 12199: 12150: 12101: 12044: 12009: 11960: 11871: 11836: 11771: 8367:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 13 May 2015. Online Edition. 8270:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 27 May 2015. Online Edition. 6183: 6083: 6078: 5846: 5828: 5634: 5545: 5466: 5318:, 15 with intermediate (green, heterochromia) and 91 had brown eye colour. 5229: 4968: 4883: 4786: 4404: 4392: 4181: 4138: 4130: 3963: 3860: 3829: 3711: 3707: 3672: 3584: 3570: 3483: 3242: 3010: 2600: 2536: 2516: 2271: 2228: 2059: 1907: 1873: 1838: 1780: 1731: 1676: 1582: 1350: 960: 847: 772: 244: 15786: 15145:

Multicultural Variations: Social Incorporation in Europe and North America

14507:

People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies

12840: 12794:

Angold, Michael (1975). "Byzantine 'Nationalism' and the Nicaean Empire".

12287: 10168: 9192: 6571:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 5095:, while the remainder mainly came from ancient populations related to the 4983:

was another explorer of modern times who was the first to reach Mbomu and

3772:

there is a large community of indeterminate size who were spared from the

3557:), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and 3537:

Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other

3323:, financed through the local Greek community, notably with the aid of the 2579:

and merchant class were instrumental in transmitting the ideas of western

2187:

from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the

1888:" on 25 December 800, an act which eventually led to the formation of the 21825: 21772: 21656: 21504: 21375: 21371: 21327: 21323: 21311: 21291: 21283: 21279: 21117: 20930: 20892: 20835: 20825: 20697: 20693: 20689: 20582: 20408: 20388: 20168: 19960: 19681: 19337: 19333: 19137: 18716: 16583: 15991: 15974: 15419:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 1–29. 15264:. Cambridge, MA: President and Fellows of Harvard College. Archived from 12623:"Young, gifted and Greek: Generation G – the world's biggest brain drain" 12398: 11278: 10235: 8122:

and a half earlier) of Greece. No doubt, Philip wanted glory and plunder.

7349: 7031: 6179: 6128: 5990: 5300: 5244: 5225: 5163: 4956: 4697: 4675: 4561: 4452: 4420: 4412: 4122: 3902: 3848: 3699: 3612: 3566: 3531: 3514:, and several other alphabets. The earliest Greek literary works are the 3412: 3137: 2705: 2592: 2568: 2457: 2292: 2248: 2083: 1997: 1877: 1699: 1640: 1490: 1228: 684: 604: 424: 21417: 17633:

Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity

17140:

Bilde, P.; Engberg-Pedersen, T.; Hannestad, L.; Zahle, J., eds. (1997).

14801: 13984: 13169:

The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity to the Enlightenment

12377: 11818: 10963:"Modern Athenians fight for the right to worship the ancient Greek gods" 10466:"Meeting on the exercise of voting rights by foreigners of Greek origin" 3407:

had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in

2772:, the patriarch of the Hellenes who ruled around Phthia, was the son of 1823:

During most of the Middle Ages, the Byzantine Greeks self-identified as

951:

of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient

21869: 21737: 21607: 21603: 21576: 21399: 21347: 21343: 21275: 21157: 20966: 20962: 20958: 20926: 20821: 20783: 20767: 20713: 20514: 20424: 19946: 19352: 19347: 19325: 19053: 19009: 18935: 18931: 18927: 18272: 17838: 17379:

Between Venice and Istanbul: Colonial Landscapes in Early Modern Greece

16388:

The Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights: Twenty Years of Activity

15779: 14834: 14558: 12996:

Boardman, John (1984). "13. The Greek World". In Boardman, John (ed.).

11863: 11670: 11187:"The Origin of Universities (University of Magnaura in Constantinople)" 6123: 6113: 5893: 5583: 5416: 5217: 5171: 4984: 4940: 4911: 4862: 4834: 4822: 4767: 4642: 4634: 4598:

has officially adopted a neutral flag to ease ethnic tensions with the

4368: 4282: 3894: 3734: 3683: 3624: 3620: 3502:

appears in the 9th–8th century BC. The Greek alphabet derived from the

3270: 3053: 2829: 2781: 2461: 2236: 1735: 1716: 1562: 1512: 1486: 1267: 1189: 1143: 1061: 964: 932: 928: 920: 912: 908: 664: 644: 17076:

Selected Papers: Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography

16363:

In the Footsteps of Alexander The Great: A Journey from Greece to Asia

16117:

Tonkin, Elizabeth; Chapman, Malcolm Kenneth; McDonald, Maryon (1989).

15123: 14664: 12531: 12438:

Drineas, Petros; Tsetsos, Fotis; Plantinga, Anna; et al. (2019).

12279: 11642:"Callas takes centre stage again as exhibition recalls Onassis's life" 10413:. Oxford: Transnational Communities Programme (Working Paper Series). 9161: 5392:, which produced the earliest textual evidence of the Greek language. 4475:(held various senior posts in international organisations such as the 4230: 2981:

from which written records are absent (11th- 8th cent. BC, though the

2308: 21584: 21572: 21548: 21478: 21442: 21407: 21367: 21359: 21339: 21299: 21041: 20994: 20986: 20946: 20938: 20884: 20859: 20795: 20753: 20741: 20592: 20567: 20474: 20444: 20339: 19603: 19149: 19043: 19027: 18947: 18913: 18845: 18837: 18821: 17974: 17953: 17716: 16390:. Athens and Komotini: Ant. N. Sakkoulas Publishers. pp. 21–38. 16309:

Voyages of Discovery: Captain Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific

9814: 9688: 6653: 6053: 5854: 5690: 5658: 5494: 5479:

Colonies established across the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

5321:

Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from the

5159: 5151: 5080: 5051: 4976: 4903: 4866: 4693: 4667: 4250: 3840: 3785: 3433: 3160: 3005: 2950: 2889: 2849: 2841: 2805: 2785: 2777: 2751: 2411: 2389: 2360:

of 1822, a Greek was defined as any native Christian resident of the

2333:

The movement of the Greek enlightenment, the Greek expression of the

2220: 2153: 2145: 2040: 1858: 1626: 1550: 1504: 1341: 904: 883: 484: 184: 15771: 14550: 13479:

Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey

11893:

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Menozzi, Paolo; Piazza, Alberto (1996).

9233:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 9056:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 8690: 7714:

Bubenik, V. (2007). "The rise of Koiné". In A. F. Christidis (ed.).

3859:'s conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, 3824: 3486:). It has the longest documented history of any living language and 2277: 923:. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the 21813: 21797: 21793: 21598: 21568: 21564: 21556: 21552: 21524: 21496: 21403: 21363: 21331: 21307: 21295: 20970: 20902: 20896: 20855: 20829: 20813: 20799: 20775: 20749: 20737: 20674: 20670: 20662: 20448: 20428: 20403: 20393: 19992: 19932: 19191: 19171: 19157: 18943: 18877: 18155: 17470:

Ours Once More: Folklore, Ideology, and the Making of Modern Greece

16943:

Greeks and Pre-Greeks: Aegean Prehistory and Greek Heroic Tradition

16559: 16288:

Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400-800

16197:

History of Political Ideas: Hellenism, Rome, and Early Christianity

15115: 14956:"Katharevousa (c. 1800–1974): An Obituary for an Official Language" 14459: 13850:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 35–50. 12660: 12181: 12083: 11942: 9265:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 9147:. Grēgorios Kōnstantas (Original from Harvard University Library). 9132:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 8813:. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 6200: 6133: 5832: 5587: 5252: 5221: 5147: 4952: 4316: 3956: 3676: 3578: 3523: 3511: 3491: 2801: 2438: 1801: 1755:

denoted pagans but was revived as an ethnonym in the 11th century.

1720: 1621: 1546: 1520: 1482: 1379: 1333: 1275: 1205: 1181: 1173: 907:, but the Greek people themselves have always been centered on the 544: 21474: 17802: 17706: 17183:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 16910:

Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean

16384:"Non-governmental Organizations and Human Rights in Today's World" 15415:. In Papadakis, Nicos; Peristianis, Yiannis; Welz, Gisela (eds.). 15357:. In Christidis, A.-F.; Arapopoulou, Maria; Chritē, Maria (eds.). 12496: 12117:"Tracing European founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool" 12068:"In search of geographical patterns in European mitochondrial DNA" 9086:. United States: Columbia University Press. 2016. Online Edition. 8841:"Byzantium 1220 To 1330 - PDF - Byzantine Empire - Constantinople" 8723:

Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204

5733:; Greece and Bulgaria exchange populations, with some exceptions. 3331:. With economic success, the Diaspora expanded further across the 2668:(the Homeric "long-haired Achaeans" would have been a part of the 1785: 1084:. They are part of a group of classical ethnicities, described by 21849: 21833: 21821: 21817: 21809: 21805: 21580: 21560: 21520: 21383: 21319: 21303: 20978: 20877: 20869: 20791: 20779: 20745: 20725: 20705: 20658: 20551: 20519: 20509: 20416: 19808: 19153: 19145: 19069: 19035: 19031: 18967: 18959: 18901: 18893: 18871: 18829: 18817: 17733: 17382:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 17361:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 16560:"The Making of an Ethnic Group: The Romaioi in 12th–13th Century" 15545:

Postan, Michael Moïssey; Miller, Edward; Postan, Cynthia (1987).

15359:

A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity

14102:

Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture

12697: 12547:. Web: University of Texas Press. pp. 117–120, 122, 126–130. 10288:

Mapping Minorities and their Media: The National Context – Greece

9933: 8150:. United States: Columbia University Press. 2008. Online Edition. 7716:

A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity

7704:

Archibald Macbride Hunter Introducing the New Testament 1972 p. 9

6513:"2021 Census of Population and Housing General Community Profile" 6093: 5993:, emigrate to other EU states due to high unemployment (see also 5966: 5768: 5434: 5402: 5256: 5205: 5175: 5046: 5003: 4948: 4936: 4544: 4376: 4360: 4278: 3730: 3129: 3036:, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the 2825: 2664: 2256: 2161: 2117: 1845:

had become synonymous with Christian Greeks. The Latinizing term

1632: 1610: 1609:

of many non-Greek cultures, extending all the way into India and

1516: 1369: 1262: 1212: 1123: 1111: 940: 724: 704: 624: 524: 444: 404: 324: 164: 27:

Ethnic group indigenous to Greece, Cyprus and surrounding regions

18176: 17808:

Hellenic-Argentine Chamber of Industry and Commerce (C.I.C.H.A.)

17046:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 16312:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 15433: 15394:

War, a Cruel Necessity?: The Bases of Institutionalized Violence

15262:"The Heroic and the Anti-Heroic in Classical Greek Civilization" 15212:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. 15083:

The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312-1453: Sources and Documents

14773: 13496: 12764:

Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium (1204–1330)

12731:

A History of the Greek Language: From its Origins to the Present

12437: 11738:"Correlation between genetic and geographic structure in Europe" 11724: 10021:(in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 2001. Archived from 10001: 9946: 9261:"History of Greece, Ottoman Empire, The merchant middle class". 2953:

to be the oldest in Greece, and the source of colonists for the

2195:

speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves

1231:" who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean around 1180 BC. The 21641: 21536: 21411: 21391: 21387: 21355: 21335: 21287: 20990: 20982: 20954: 20942: 20934: 20873: 20851: 20729: 20681: 20504: 20436: 20420: 19964: 19267: 19161: 19127: 19123: 19119: 19101: 18993: 18975: 18971: 18939: 18881: 18841: 18833: 18825: 18776: 18207: 18028: 17897: 17888: 17833: 17734:

Transnational Communities Programme at the University of Oxford

17021:

The Greek Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Greek Lands

15361:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 786–791. 13824:

Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization

13724:. New York: Exeter Books (Paul Elek Productions Incorporated). 12460: 8568:, Chapter XIV: "Hellenism and Nationalism in Byzantium", p. 10. 6487:"Population in private households 2021 by migration background" 5858: 5764: 5462: 5448: 4924: 4919: 4915: 4830: 4674:, notably Athens, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to 4595: 3890: 3852: 3769: 3668: 3226: 3133: 2954: 2833: 2816: 2809: 2797: 2793: 2773: 2769: 2747: 2400: 2304: 2204: 2180: 2175:, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups ( 2121: 1911: 1881: 1711: 1691: 1664: 1586: 1566: 1423: 1384: 1374: 1216: 1201: 1193: 1024:

in the Mediterranean world since the fourth century BC and the

968: 956: 855: 851: 504: 464: 384: 364: 344: 224: 124: 107: 16778:

Prehistory and History: Ethnicity, Class and Political Economy

16615:. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmBH. pp. 17–48. 15495:

Explorers of Antiquity: From Alexander the Great to Marco Polo

15346:

Being Byzantine: Greek Identity Before the Ottomans, 1200–1420

14297:

Introduction to the Modern Economic History of the Middle East

14246:(4th ed.). Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press Incorporated. 12973:

Boardman, John; Griffin, Jasper; Murray, Oswyn, eds. (1991) .

6950:(in Dutch). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 22 July 2021. 6695:"English version of Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports 3587:

has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide

2732: 1796: 815: 21839: 21829: 21801: 21767: 21762: 21704: 21592: 21528: 21492: 20839: 20685: 19253: 19131: 19115: 19019: 18983: 18963: 18951: 18921: 18917: 18909: 18905: 18897: 18885: 18855: 18721: 15417:

Divided Cyprus: Modernity, History, and an Island in Conflict

15411:

Papadakis, Yiannis; Peristianis, Nicos; Welz, Gisela (2006).

9783: 9706: 6138: 5785:

Hundreds of thousands of Greeks die of starvation during the

5579: 5565:. Migrations of Greeks throughout the Empire, mainly towards 5490: 5489:

Defeat of the Persians and emergence of the Delian League in

5311: 5232: 5184: 4979:

opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.

4959:, explorer of India, later the 6th century merchant and monk 4907: 4679: 4610: 3952: 3876: 3691: 3515: 3507: 3301: 3274: 3238: 2991: 2946: 2914: 2908: 2899: 2893: 2759: 2711: 2658: 2653: 2614: 2480: 2300: 2224: 2157: 2149: 2109: 1828: 1743: 1652: 1541: 1411: 1407: 1363: 1358: 1337: 1279: 1256: 1251: 1197: 1029: 936: 896:), with many Greek communities established around the world. 304: 284: 264: 17775: 15188:

Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks: Four Centuries of History

14192:. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 14189:

Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700, Part 700

14081:

History and National Destiny: Ethnosymbolism and its Critics

14023:

Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age: A Short History

13768:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 13703:. Lanham and New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13189:"The Greek Tradition from Alexander to the End of Antiquity" 12822: 9958: 8691:"The Varangian legend: testimony from the Old Norse sources" 4793:. Occasionally (especially in Cyprus), some surnames end in 4629:

Another highly recognizable and popular Greek symbol is the

1984:. These were further strengthened following the fall of the 21540: 21532: 20845: 20805: 20771: 20733: 19039: 18979: 16176:

Hellenism-Judaism-Christianity: Essays on Their Interaction

15102:

Mango, Cyril (1965). "Byzantinism and Romantic Hellenism".

14710:. In Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian (eds.). 13268:

Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian, Han Dynasty II

11892: 5549: 5315: 4464: 2726: 2490: 2471: 2448: 2429: 1707: 1589:), the last ruler of a Hellenistic kingdom (apart from the 1494: 1271: 809: 17819: 17721: 17696: 17236:

Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium (Hambledon Continuum)

15958:. Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. 13887:

Introduction to the History of the Indo-European Languages

13844:"3. Ethnic and Cultural Identity: Distinguishing Features" 13499:"The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations" 10705: 10703: 10616:"As Crisis Deepens, Astoria Finds Its Greek Essence Again" 6199:

and after a million Greeks had already been expelled from

5032:

Mycenaean Greece § Genetic and anthropometric studies

4738:, who marked the shape of modern Greece, social democrats 4609:

The pre-1978 (and first) flag of Greece, which features a

3257:

Distribution of ethnic groups in 1918, National Geographic

2476:, 'common foundations, common sacrifices to gods') 878:, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the 18955: 17450:

Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821-1844

14464:

Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture

14398:. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). 13867:

Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720

13270:(Revised ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 13002:

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–289.

12308: 8175:"Growth of the Greek Colonies in the First Millennium BC" 4929: 2503:

has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the

17759:

is a scholarly organization for modern Greek studies in

17355:

Davis, Jack E.; Zarinebaf, Fariba; Bennet, John (2005).

17180:

Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire

16381: 15410: 13212:"The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900" 12656:"Greece's young: Dreams on hold as fight for jobs looms" 10221: 10197: 7817:. US: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition. 6543:"United Kingdom: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 5530:; Greek colonies established in newly founded cities of 5505:; ends with Athens defeat by Sparta at the close of the 5091:~58.4–65.8% of the ancestry of the Mycenaeans came from 4443:(extensive work on particle physics and cosmology), and 4081:

was the leading political figure of 20th century Greece.

17787: 17492:

Greece without Columns: The Making of the Modern Greeks

16967:. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. 16021:

Tatakes, Vasileios N.; Moutafakis, Nicholas J. (2003).

15930: 14504:

Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982).

13789:

Homer and the Bible in the Eyes of Ancient Interpreters

11275:

Law 851, Gov. Gazette 233, issue A, dated 21/22.12.1978

11135: 11032:

Actas/Proceedings II Simposio Internacional Bilingüismo

10700: 10678:"OECD Says Euro-Zone Crisis Has Led to Some Emigration" 9832:

The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots

8909:

Jane Perry Clark Carey; Andrew Galbraith Carey (1968).

7662:

Understanding English Homonyms: Their Origins and Usage

4518:

Significant engineers and automobile designers include

3591:

of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including

17792: 16507:

The Linguistic Relationship Between Armenian and Greek

16429:

A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages

15326:

Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey

14135:

A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200–479 BCE

13556:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. 12977:

The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World

11396:(Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007), 44. 10325:"Destroying a minority: Turkey's attack on the Greeks" 7438:"Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland" 7150:"Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група" 6582:"South Africa: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 5661:

Greeks occupy high posts in Eastern European millets.

2535:("Christians") since they were the political heirs of 2364:, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the 17828: 17824:

American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association

16200:. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press. 16116: 15743:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 284–293. 12972: 11277:. Presidency of the Hellenic Republic. Archived from 10175:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 10163: 10161: 10159: 10138:"Merchant Marine, Tertiary enrollment by age group". 10110:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. 9598: 9197:( ed.). İstanbul: Nesil yayınları. p. 157. 8204: 7684:

Greek is the world's oldest recorded living language.

7356:. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. 21 June 2000. 7284:"Switzerland: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 7249:[Migrants from Greece in the Czech Republic] 4160:

Among the most significant modern-era architects are

3581:

the official language, making Katharevousa obsolete.

2738: 2735: 2191:, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The 1184:, providing the first and oldest written evidence of 821: 818: 15396:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. pp. 54–67. 14744:

Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery

14318:

The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History

14053:

Grierson, Philip; Bellinger, Alfred Raymond (1999).

12862:

Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages

12265: 11886: 11786: 11229:"University reforms in Greece face student protests" 11107:"The Byzantine empire, The lasting glory of its art" 9816:

The Tower of Babel: An Etymological Database Project

9718: 9716: 9627:. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter. p. 33. 8719: 7383:"Kazakhstan: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6015: 5629:

Roman Empire dissolves, Constantinople taken by the

3494:

script, dated as far back as 1450 BC. Following the

2938: 2729: 812: 17043:

The Returns of Odysseus: Colonization and Ethnicity

16611:. In Bammesberger, Alfred; Vennemann, Theo (eds.). 15864:

Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity

15658:. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. 15548:

The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Volume 2)

15498:. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Publishing. 14578:

Greece: The Modern Sequel: From 1831 to the Present

14466:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97. 14073: 13941:

The Hellenistic Greeks: From Alexander to Cleopatra

10496:"Non-Greeks and diaspora lose out on voting rights" 7728: 7062:"Argentina: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 7008:. Minority Rights Group (MRG). 2005. Archived from 6644: 6642: 5961:. Approximately 340,000 ethnic Greeks migrate from 5657:into Europe begins. Ottoman settlements in Greece. 3733:, and groups adhering to other religions including 3032:Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the 2746:) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic 2723: 2720: 2676:1600 BC until 1100 BC). The other common names are 2598:The Greeks today are a nation in the meaning of an 2484: 2465: 2442: 2423: 2352:The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and 1545:The Hellenistic realms c. 300 BC as divided by the 1332:The three great philosophers of the classical era: 955:. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included 891: 806: 803: 17771:Got Greek? Next Generation National Research Study 17575: 17517:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 17489: 17397:Gondicas, Dimitri; Issawi, Charles Philip (1999). 17018: 16995: 16753: 16360: 16216: 15975:"Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach" 15651: 15544: 15523: 15185:McCabe, Ina Baghdiantz; Harlaftis, Gelina (2005). 15163: 15080: 14983:Tradition and Transformation in Medieval Byzantium 14575: 14573: 14337: 13864: 13454: 13218:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–58. 13123: 13100: 12974: 12558:Beckman, Gary; Bryce, Trevor; Cline, Eric (2012). 11596: 10961: 10645:Papachristou, Harry; Elgood, Giles (20 May 2012). 10644: 10156: 9565: 8720:Herrin, Judith; Saint-Guillain, Guillaume (2011). 8652: 7180:"Bulgaria: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 16913:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16462:. Yerevan: Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies. 16351:The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes 16020: 15632:The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History 15138: 14714:. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media. 14574:Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2002). 14052: 12557: 11329: 11215: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9713: 7317:"Romania: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 7214:"Georgia: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6888:"Belgium: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6777:"Ukraine: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6353:, Yiannis Papadakis, "Cypriots, Greek", pp. 92–95 6226: 4890:, the best-known Greek shipping magnate worldwide 4719:and the establishment of the modern Greek state. 2708:as descendants of the earlier, Homeric Achaeans. 22044: 17272:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 17025:. New York and London: W.W. Norton and Company. 16367:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 16193: 15867:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 15672: 14503: 13130:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 12981:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 12016: 10757: 10713: 10233: 9506: 9256: 9254: 9252: 7718:. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 342–345. 7095:"Sweden: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6855:"France: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6639: 5239:left a minimal genetic impact on Cretans. But a 4692:), meaning "rule by an excellent elite", and to 3506:, and in turn became the parent alphabet of the 2836:the patriarch of the Hellenes. According to the 1168:1600 BC, the Mycenaean Greeks borrowed from the 575: 195: 16540:The Writer's Digest Character Naming Sourcebook 16045:With Intent to Destroy: Reflections on Genocide 15184: 15104:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 14776:"Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans" 13865:Fouracre, Paul; Gerberding, Richard A. (1996). 11193:. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from 10562: 10070: 9969: 9967: 8902: 8444:Journal of Applied Linguistics and Lexicography 8437: 6604:"Italy: Cultural Relations and Greek Community" 6364:"Where are the Greek communities of the world?" 5720:are estimated to have died during this period. 4935:Notable Greek seafarers include people such as 4582:(Freedom or Death), which was the motto of the 3905:, etc.) during various periods of its history. 2856:that the Hellenes were related to the Graikoi. 1730:While ethnic distinctions still existed in the 1215:, another Greek-speaking people, followed from 1076:, which forms its own unique branch within the 135: 17798:Hellenic Canadian Congress of British Columbia 17636:. Surrey, United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing. 16781:. Montréal, Québec, Canada: Black Rose Books. 16667:Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 15322: 14362:The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity 13959:Gray, Russel D.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2003). 13827:(2nd ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 13589:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 11611:"Greek Tragedy: The life of Aristotle Onassis" 11159:. University of Virginia. 2007. Archived from 11025:"Greek-Speaking Enclaves of Lebanon and Syria" 10959: 10734:International Association of Genocide Scholars 10397: 10395: 10393: 10366:Birand, Mehm; et al. (7 September 2005). 10142:. London: Economist Books. 2006. p. 150. 9990: 9947:Papagrigorakis, Kousoulis & Synodinos 2014 9834:. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 9311: 8888:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 582. 8200: 8198: 7387:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7321:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7288:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7255:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7218:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7184:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7099:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7066:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6892:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6859:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6781:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6608:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6586:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6547:Hellenic Republic: Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6295:. University of Pittsburgh. 15 November 2004. 4872: 4761: 3611:(the only surviving representative of ancient 2066:, who are credited today with formalizing the 235: 37:"Grecian" redirects here. For other uses, see 18192: 17871: 17603:. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press. 17559:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 17424:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 17079:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 17002:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 16760:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 16456:Asatryan, G.S.; Arakelova, Viktoriia (2002). 16194:Voegelin, Eric; Moulakis, Athanasios (1997). 16169: 15392:. In Hinde, Robert A.; Watson, Helen (eds.). 14365:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 14315:Horden, Peregrine; Purcell, Nicholas (2000). 14314: 14105:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 13747:. Oxford and New York: Blackwell Publishing. 13682:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 13461:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 13435:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 13288:The End of the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean 13239:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 11412: 11089: 11087: 10709: 10535: 10133: 10131: 10129: 10015:Πίνακας 9. Πληθυσμός κατά υπηκοότητα και φύλο 9755: 9753: 9249: 9142: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8182:Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics 7927: 7925: 7838: 7836: 6677: 6675: 4495:(founder of modern Greek historiography) and 3498:, from which written records are absent, the 2341:, and the restoration of the term "Hellene". 1804:(11th century) is credited with reviving the 1497:were to prove long lived as Greek became the 1138:, around the 11th century BC, displacing the 984:population exchange between Greece and Turkey 675: 595: 415: 17532:Mackridge, Peter; Yannakakis, Eleni (1997). 15937:. Malden and Oxford: John Wiley & Sons. 15530:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 15390:"4. Nationalist Imaginings of War in Cyprus" 15045: 14962:. London: The Merlin Press. pp. 25–52. 14960:Background to Contemporary Greece (Volume 1) 14927:. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 43–60. 14340:The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature 13958: 12859: 12440:"Genetic history of the population of Crete" 10931:"The ancient gods of Greece are not extinct" 10573: 10571: 10558: 10556: 10519: 10517: 9964: 8781: 8779: 8606: 8604: 8503: 7800: 7619: 6734: 5878:accelerates; fewer than 2,000 remain today. 4715:was a crucial factor to the outbreak of the 4237:was the first known individual to propose a 3470:, with its closest relations possibly being 1690:by the achievements of Greek culture, hence 1469:, after his victories at the battles of the 1134:by the 16th century BC, and the second, the 1118:has to be reconstructed on the basis of the 655: 635: 82: 17538:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Berg Publishers. 17418:Lampe, John R.; Jackson, Marvin R. (1982). 17216:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 16823:. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 16099:Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic Features 15951: 15590:Europe's Nightmare: The Struggle for Kosovo 15477:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 14596: 14582:. New York, NY: New York University Press. 14321:. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 14225:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 13869:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 13586:The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century 11497: 11451: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11443: 11430: 11428: 11050: 11048: 11000:. United States Department of State. 2006. 10390: 10237:The Balkans : a post-communist history 9872: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9190: 9111: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9002: 9000: 8493: 8491: 8195: 8107:. The Archaeological Institute of America. 8061: 7665:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 153. 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7121: 4686: 2882: 2874: 2804:river, the location of the Great Deluge of 1219:. Older historical research often proposed 690:est. 2,478 to 10,000, possibly up to 50,000 550:1,356 (2011 census) up to 28,500 (estimate) 475: 175: 58: 20154:Greece and the International Monetary Fund 18199: 18185: 17878: 17864: 17776:Waterloo Institute for Hellenistic Studies 17266:Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich, ed. (1991). 17213:L'idéologie politique de l'Empire byzantin 16964:Hellenicity: Between Ethnicity and Culture 16238:Walsh, Susan; et al. (January 2013). 15972: 15635:. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. 15515:Südosteuropa zwischen 1600 und 1000 v. Chr 15323:Özkırımlı, Umut; Sofos, Spyros A. (2008). 14958:. In Sarafis, Marion; Eve, Marion (eds.). 13848:Communicating Ethnic and Cultural Identity 13846:. In Fong, Mary; Chuang, Rueyling (eds.). 13782: 13305: 13144: 12922: 12878: 12693:"Greeks seek to escape debt crisis abroad" 11673:, pp. 1–13, Supplementary Materials: 11084: 11022: 10547: 10401: 10368:"The shame of Sept. 6–7 is always with us" 10126: 9959:Argyropoulos, Sassouni & Xeniotou 1989 9750: 9534: 9498: 9477:, Edinburgh University Press, 2006, p. 115 9299: 8791: 8770: 8758: 8353: 8258: 8256: 7975: 7922: 7833: 6753:, Hommes & migrations, Nº 1305, 2014. 6681: 6672: 6667:Sternatia 2583 Zollino 2143 Totale 54278). 6505: 6370:. Protothemanews.com. 2013. Archived from 5969:, southern Russia, and Albania to Greece. 2931:"). The term is possibly derived from the 2618:, which also indicates a common ancestry. 1988:in 1461, after which and until the second 1018:. Greek was by far the most widely spoken 535: 21714:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 17702:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 17697:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 17473:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 17316:Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World 16946:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16889:The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others 16856:Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction 16725:. Partille, Sweden: Paul Aströms Förlag. 16664: 16543:. Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books. 16255: 16069:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15990: 15822: 15708:. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum. 15701: 15572:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 15551:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 15512: 15470: 15387: 15352: 15245:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14976: 14953: 14923:. In Kosso, Cynthia; Scott, Anne (eds.). 14872: 14854: 14817: 14431:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14424: 14243:History of Libraries in the Western World 13532: 13395: 13366:Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction 13359: 12943: 12767:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12414: 12354: 12344: 12242: 12232: 12189: 12164:Achilli, Alessandro; et al. (2007). 12140: 12091: 11999: 11950: 11852:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 11826: 11761: 11257: 11153:"Byzantine Medicine — Vienna Dioscurides" 10866: 10753: 10613: 10568: 10553: 10514: 9882: 9812: 9664: 9610: 9416:. Macmillan & Co. Ltd. Archived from 8915:. Columbia University Press. p. 33. 8885:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 8875: 8776: 8688: 8601: 8565: 8470: 8455: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8289: 7959: 7947: 7931: 7892: 7888: 7872: 7626:. Courier Dover Publications. p. 1. 7613: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7466:Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok 4722:Notable modern Greek politicians include 4085:Notable cinema or theatre actors include 2750:, with its warriors under the command of 2595:and the current conception of Hellenism. 1900:). While this Latin term for the ancient 1465:In any case, Alexander's toppling of the 1192:and, by the 15th century BC, had reached 715: 695: 615: 555: 515: 435: 395: 315: 155: 17712:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 17452:. Oxford University Press. p. 296. 16411:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 16386:. In Sicilianos, Linos-Alexandre (ed.). 16382:Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos, Alice (2001). 16354:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16347: 16244:Forensic Science International: Genetics 16066:Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World 16062: 15734: 15649: 15491: 15087:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 15012: 14705: 14482: 14457: 14391: 14335: 14293: 14260: 13890:. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 13883: 13761: 13639: 13610:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia 13449: 13232: 13186: 13082:Global Instability and Strategic Defence 13016: 12995: 12929:(in Italian). Cosenza: Editoriale Bios. 12690: 12586: 12114: 12065: 11896:The History and Geography of Human Genes 11792: 11576: 11568: 11440: 11425: 11180: 11178: 11045: 10771: 10647:"Greece Already Close to Breaking Point" 10601: 10577: 10523: 10284: 10234:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). 10201: 9888: 9863: 9522: 9510: 9502: 9307: 9277:"Greek Constitution of 1822 (Epidaurus)" 9102: 8997: 8973: 8881: 8869: 8785: 8726:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. 8676: 8571: 8561: 8540:, 425, Line 12 ("χῶρος ὅδε Γραικοῖσι"); 8509: 8488: 8482: 8425: 8389: 7963: 7916: 7884: 7827: 7533: 7462: 6634:dialect number fewer that 1,000 persons. 5989:Over 200,000 people, particularly young 5061: 5045: 4882: 4551: 4543: 4229: 4226:List of Greek inventions and discoveries 4157:are among the most important directors. 4073: 3823: 3776:because of their religious affiliation. 3660: 3440: 3432: 3260: 3252: 3184: 3102: 2964: 2945:, "to grow old", more specifically from 2635: 2388: 2276: 2087: 1967:Byzantine intellectuals who participated 1811: 1795: 1784: 1738:, the Greeks self-identified as Romans ( 1572: 1540: 1435: 1188:. The Mycenaeans quickly penetrated the 1053: 1045: 495: 455: 375: 355: 335: 215: 115: 98: 17582:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 17376:Davis, Jack E.; Davies, Siriol (2007). 16425: 16326: 16284: 16214: 15999: 15955:Readings in Classical Political Thought 15607: 15521: 15329:. New York: Columbia University Press. 15301: 15280: 15205: 15161: 15046:Mallory, James; Adams, Douglas (1997). 15019:. New York: New York University Press. 14629: 13696: 13326: 13284: 12760: 12727: 12580: 12542: 12163: 11923: 11899:. Princeton University Press. pp. 11434: 11139: 11066: 11054: 10854: 10614:Seiradaki, Emmanouela (11 April 2012). 10442:. SAE. 29 December 2006. Archived from 10353: 10006: 9973: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9876: 9829: 9622: 9486: 9329: 9115: 8979: 8557: 8497: 8413: 8401: 8253: 8049: 7991: 7764: 7713: 7658: 7548: 7525:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5105:Eastern European Hunter-Gatherers (EHG) 4590:. The Greek flag is widely used by the 3908:Notable modern Greek artists include: 3751:Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism 3437:Early Greek alphabet, c. 8th century BC 1605:, so called because it saw the partial 1481:, and his advance as far as modern-day 295: 275: 255: 14: 22045: 17707:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 17684:World Council of Hellenes Abroad (SAE) 17650:from the original on 27 September 2023 17617:from the original on 27 September 2023 17333:from the original on 27 September 2023 17253:from the original on 27 September 2023 17220:from the original on 27 September 2023 17197:from the original on 27 September 2023 17127:from the original on 27 September 2023 17060:from the original on 27 September 2023 16981:from the original on 27 September 2023 16927:from the original on 27 September 2023 16873:from the original on 27 September 2023 16837:from the original on 27 September 2023 16795:from the original on 27 September 2023 16739:from the original on 27 September 2023 16706:from the original on 27 September 2023 16570:from the original on 27 September 2021 16476: 16330:An Introduction to Contact Linguistics 16305: 16083:from the original on 27 September 2023 15905: 15757: 15722:from the original on 27 September 2023 15628: 15614:. London and New York: Penguin Books. 15526:Art and Experience in Classical Greece 15375:from the original on 27 September 2023 15238: 15226:from the original on 27 September 2023 15033:from the original on 27 September 2023 15000:from the original on 27 September 2023 14941:from the original on 27 September 2023 14918: 14897: 14761:from the original on 27 September 2023 14740: 14728:from the original on 27 September 2023 14652:from the original on 27 September 2023 14636:Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity 14617:from the original on 27 September 2023 14489:. Lanham and Oxford: Lexington Books. 14445:from the original on 27 September 2023 14412:from the original on 27 September 2023 14379:from the original on 27 September 2023 14281:from the original on 27 September 2023 14239: 14218: 14206:from the original on 27 September 2023 14173:from the original on 27 September 2023 14152: 14119:from the original on 27 September 2023 14098: 14040:from the original on 27 September 2023 13916: 13740: 13728:from the original on 27 September 2023 13660:from the original on 27 September 2023 13570:from the original on 27 September 2023 13428: 13383:from the original on 27 September 2023 13347:from the original on 27 September 2023 13265: 13253:from the original on 27 September 2023 13165: 13058: 12901: 12793: 12781:from the original on 27 September 2023 12115:Richards, Martin; et al. (2000). 12066:Richards, Martin; et al. (2002). 11795:"Genes mirror geography within Europe" 11580: 11572: 11457:"The Transition of Modern Greek Names" 10998:International Religious Freedom Report 10890: 10809:"New Linear B tablet found at Iklaina" 10761: 10675: 10583: 10365: 10322: 10273:estimates were around the 200,000 mark 10227: 10198:Papadakis, Peristianis & Welz 2006 9625:Michaelis Pselli Orationes Panegyricae 9448:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9380:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9357:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 9335: 9219: 9036: 8991: 8929:from the original on 27 September 2023 8839: 8823: 8740:from the original on 27 September 2023 8622: 8610: 8335: 8311: 8299: 8286: 8172: 8077: 8065: 8007: 7943: 7591: 7579: 7566: 7560: 7190:from the original on 11 September 2018 7072:from the original on 11 September 2018 6898:from the original on 11 September 2018 6743:Le Chili et les mouvements migratoires 6553:from the original on 11 September 2018 6204: 5262: 3114:SAE – World Council of Hellenes Abroad 2164:, frequently as provincial governors. 1956:(Έλληνας), such as in the writings of 1789:Scenes of marriage and family life in 1032:was also originally written in Greek. 763:Includes people with "cultural roots". 20283: 20056: 19435: 18747: 18237: 18180: 17859: 17803:Hellenic-American Chamber of Commerce 17793:Hellenic Canadian Lawyers Association 16820:Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical 16658:The Origins of Mycenaean Civilization 16408:Ancient Rome: An Introductory History 16237: 16137: 16095: 15931:Stansbury-O'Donnell, Mark D. (2015). 15881: 15860: 15839: 15586: 15101: 15078: 15066:from the original on 19 February 2023 15049:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 14536: 14358: 14019: 13944:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 13937: 13817: 13672: 13582: 13549: 13475: 13216:The Oxford History of Medieval Europe 13209: 13121: 13098: 13079: 13065:. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. 13037: 12908:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. 12734:. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. 12728:Adrados, Francisco Rodriguez (2005). 12668:from the original on 25 February 2019 12653: 12620: 12519: 11652:from the original on 24 February 2019 11639: 11608: 11592: 11546: 11399: 11175: 11117:from the original on 21 February 2010 11093: 10878: 10719: 10688:from the original on 24 February 2019 10626:from the original on 25 February 2019 10589: 10498:. Ekathimerini.com. 8 February 2014. 10301:from the original on 14 December 2022 10209: 10205: 9919: 9907: 9577: 9406: 9395:Valuing others in Classical Antiquity 9323: 9303: 8950: 8689:Jakobsson, Sverrir (1 January 2016). 8634: 8589:from the original on 4 September 2019 8323: 8247: 8160: 8133: 8031:from the original on 17 November 2019 7995: 7806: 7788: 7776: 7752: 7740: 7640:from the original on 16 February 2023 7444:from the original on 13 November 2019 6293:Archive of European Integration (AEI) 6238: 6178:There is a range of interpretations: 5447:Major colonization of Asia Minor and 5299:Greek warriors, details from painted 4387:(known for their early work with the 3383:Federal Statistical Office of Germany 3381:. According to data published by the 2495:, 'customs of like fashion'). 2453:, 'speaking the same tongue') 1016:international scientific nomenclature 841: 17600:Sociolinguistic Variation and Change 16642: 16404: 16358: 16333:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. 16272:from the original on 3 February 2017 16041: 15846:. Reno: University of Nevada Press. 15611:The New Penguin History of the World 15593:. London and Westport, CT: Praeger. 15565: 15343: 15259: 15209:Early Christian Art and Architecture 14185: 14131: 13841: 13717: 13603: 13416:from the original on 15 January 2023 13044:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. 13023:. London and Westport, CT: Praeger. 12691:Melander, Ingrid (28 October 2011). 12212: 12022: 11973: 11849: 11793:Novembre, John; et al. (2008). 11706:from the original on 2 February 2023 11552: 11485: 11239:from the original on 7 December 2008 11078: 11041:from the original on 9 October 2022. 11004:from the original on 9 February 2020 10974:from the original on 11 January 2022 10960:de Quetteville, Harry (8 May 2004). 10928: 10910:from the original on 23 October 2018 10896: 10765: 10502:from the original on 13 January 2015 9894: 9676: 9289:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9237:from the original on 23 October 2019 9060:from the original on 21 October 2019 8827: 8664: 8521: 8347: 8219:"Alexander's Gulf outpost uncovered" 8216: 8191:from the original on 9 October 2022. 8111:from the original on 2 November 2012 7904: 7294:from the original on 21 October 2016 7129:"Population and Housing Census 2023" 6865:from the original on 21 October 2016 6787:from the original on 21 October 2016 6464:from the original on 21 January 2017 6350: 6252:"2011 Population and Housing Census" 5461:First major colonies established in 5345: 4560:is based on the coat of arms of the 3875:, whose influence reached as far as 3749:. About 2,000 Greeks are members of 3561:origin. Because of the movements of 2828:is presented as the son of Zeus and 2473:theôn hidrúmatá te koinà kaì thusíai 1088:as an "archetypal diaspora people". 761:Includes those of ancestral descent. 93:Regions with significant populations 17319:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 17144:. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. 16892:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16859:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16722:The Twilight of the Early Helladics 16592:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 16291:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 15308:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 14747:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 14344:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13923:. London and Portland: Frank Cass. 13369:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13126:The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction 12923:Bellinello, Pier Francesco (1998). 12705:from the original on 2 January 2016 12602:from the original on 25 August 2012 12536: 11735: 11517:. Oxford University. Archived from 11463:. Oxford University. Archived from 11353:from the original on 6 January 2014 10420:from the original on 9 October 2022 10140:Pocket World in Figures (Economist) 10058:from the original on 9 January 2021 9599:Tonkin, Chapman & McDonald 1989 8851:from the original on 11 August 2016 8229:from the original on 2 January 2016 8205:Boardman, Griffin & Murray 1991 8098: 7597: 7494:from the original on 9 October 2022 7456: 7264:from the original on 9 October 2022 6705:from the original on 4 January 2015 6302:from the original on 9 October 2022 6258:. 12 September 2014. Archived from 5497:and Aegean perimeter culminates in 4572:The most widely used symbol is the 3690:. During the first centuries after 3335:, North Africa, India and the USA. 3009:was used by 12th-century historian 2349:, that was seen negatively by him. 2152:) into Ottoman service through the 2092:The Byzantine scholar and cardinal 2004:to southern Russia and the Russian 150:1,279,000–3,000,000 (2016 estimate) 24: 17511:Karakasidou, Anastasia N. (1997). 17269:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 17239:. London: Hambledon & London. 17017:MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan (1981). 16998:Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity 16679:10.1111/j.2041-5370.1999.tb00480.x 16629:from the original on 26 March 2023 16524:from the original on 26 March 2023 16479:The Greeks : a global history 16448: 14510:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. 14470:from the original on 12 March 2022 14059:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. 13904:from the original on 26 March 2023 13884:Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov (1981). 13627:from the original on 11 March 2023 13402:. London and New York: Routledge. 12847:from the original on 1 August 2020 12796:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 12635:from the original on 11 March 2019 12386:European Journal of Human Genetics 10736:. 16 December 2007. Archived from 10054:. United States Government. 2007. 9473:Athena S. Leoussi, Steven Grosby, 8701:from the original on 11 April 2022 8274:from the original on 14 April 2020 7471:2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data 7393:from the original on 23 April 2016 7327:from the original on 8 August 2016 7224:from the original on 23 April 2016 7036:Ethnologue: Languages of the World 6493:from the original on 20 April 2019 6244: 5649:Conquest of Constantinople by the 5522:power and defeat of the Spartans; 3885:, which grew from the Hellenistic 2167:For those that remained under the 1910:heritage rendered it a derogatory 1696:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit 1561:(yellow), the areas controlled by 25: 22079: 18206: 17672: 16752:Mylonas, George Emmanuel (1966). 16660:. Götenberg: Paul Aströms Förlag. 16006:. London: MacMillan and Company. 15918:from the original on 7 April 2016 15139:Maratou-Alipranti, Laura (2013). 14524:from the original on 15 July 2023 14007:from the original on 18 June 2021 13805:from the original on 15 July 2023 13791:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 15–28. 13765:Backgrounds of Early Christianity 13309:Modern Greece: A Cultural Poetics 13195:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 27–50. 13148:The Greeks and Greek Civilization 12748:from the original on 15 July 2023 12621:Smith, Helena (19 January 2015). 10941:from the original on 12 June 2018 10789:from the original on 21 June 2020 10657:from the original on 30 July 2013 10470:Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10240:. London: Routledge. p. 49. 10179:from the original on 22 June 2008 10114:from the original on 17 July 2019 9651:, II.2.530 for "Panhellenes" and 9143:Mavrocordatos, Nicholaos (1800). 9128:"History of Europe, The Romans". 9018:from the original on 16 June 2015 8457:10.33910/2687-0215-2019-1-1-18-68 8371:from the original on 27 June 2019 8184:. Princeton/Stanford University. 7854:from the original on 6 April 2019 7360:from the original on 13 June 2010 7105:from the original on 5 April 2013 6979:(in Spanish). INE. Archived from 6756:doi:10.4000/hommesmigrations.2720 6588:. 4 February 2011. Archived from 6523:from the original on 28 June 2022 6458:United States Department of State 5093:Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) 4222:Greek scholars in the Renaissance 2467:θεῶν ἱδρύματά τε κοινὰ καὶ θυσίαι 2073: 1503:, a position it retained even in 1239:, but by 800 BC the landscape of 22026: 22017: 22016: 17887: 17788:Hellenic Canadian Board of Trade 17757:Modern Greek Studies Association 17686:, Umbrella Diaspora Organization 16459:The Ethnic Minorities of Armenia 16000:Tarbell, Frank Bigelow (1907) . 15888:Myths and Memories of the Nation 14219:Harris, William Vernon (1991) . 13640:Dietrich, Bernard Clive (1974). 13151:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 13103:The Trojans and Their Neighbours 12926:Minoranze Etniche e Linguistiche 12684: 12647: 12614: 12551: 12525: 12513: 12490: 12454: 12431: 12371: 12302: 12259: 12213:Tian, Chao; et al. (2008). 12206: 12157: 12108: 12059: 12037:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x 11974:Tian, Chao; et al. (2009). 11967: 11924:Bauchet, M; et al. (2007). 11917: 11843: 11736:Lao, Oscar; et al. 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Sophiae et Ambonis 8527: 8515: 8476: 8464: 8431: 7160:from the original on 19 May 2023 7042:from the original on 6 June 2019 6954:from the original on 28 May 2019 6928:from the original on 28 May 2019 6817:from the original on 13 May 2020 6614:from the original on 14 May 2016 6189: 6032: 6018: 5845:Massive emigration of Greeks to 5289: 5280: 5271: 5243:shows that Cretans overlap with 4666:is considered the birthplace of 2716: 1853:(today conventionally named the 1387:was established in this period. 1322: 1313: 1304: 799: 717: 697: 677: 657: 637: 617: 597: 577: 557: 537: 517: 497: 477: 457: 437: 417: 397: 377: 357: 337: 317: 297: 277: 257: 237: 217: 197: 177: 157: 137: 117: 100: 20234:Thessaloniki International Fair 17765:Journal of Modern Greek Studies 17574:Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1981). 17403:. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press. 16613:Languages in Prehistoric Europe 16589:The Oxford History of Byzantium 15741:The Oxford History of Byzantium 15522:Pollitt, Jerome Jordan (1972). 15492:Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2013). 15305:Archaic and Classical Greek Art 14159:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 14156:Handbook of Classical Mythology 14138:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 13744:The Sociolinguistics of Society 13333:. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons. 13122:Budin, Stephanie Lynn (2009) . 11609:Blyth, Myrna (12 August 2004). 11515:Lexicon of Greek Personal Names 11461:Lexicon of Greek Personal Names 11375:. New York: Routledge. p. 511. 11301:"Older Flags: 19 December 2008" 10994:"Freedom of Religion in Greece" 10323:Gilson, George (24 June 2005). 9149:Γένος μεν ημίν των άγαν Ελλήνων 8882:Vasiliev, Alexander A. (1964). 8548:, 419, Line 30 ("ἐν Γραικοῖς"). 8419: 8407: 8395: 8383: 8341: 8329: 8317: 8305: 8241: 8210: 8166: 8154: 8139: 8127: 8092: 8071: 8055: 8043: 8013: 8001: 7985: 7969: 7953: 7937: 7910: 7898: 7878: 7866: 7850:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 7821: 7794: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7734: 7729:Guibernau & Hutchinson 2004 7722: 7707: 7698: 7689: 7652: 7606:on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, 7585: 7554: 7430: 7408: 7375: 7342: 7309: 7276: 7239: 7206: 7172: 7142: 7087: 7054: 7024: 6998: 6966: 6940: 6914: 6880: 6847: 6829: 6803: 6769: 6717: 6687: 6629:, which is still spoken in the 6596: 6574: 6565: 6535: 6517:Australian Bureau of Statistics 6479: 6446: 6172: 5959:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 5150:and Balkan populations such as 5134:Genetic studies using multiple 5097:Caucasus Hunter-Gatherers (CHG) 5042:Roopkund § Human skeletons 3839:was influential in shaping the 3189:Greek colonization in antiquity 3017: 2848:(Γραικοί) were named Hellenes. 2780:, the only survivors after the 2499:By Western standards, the term 2403:with major contribution to the 2261: 1863: 1670: 886:. They also form a significant 270:110,000–200,000 (2013 estimate) 210:290,000–345,000 (2011 estimate) 20021:Municipalities and communities 17578:The Greeks and Their Heritages 16179:. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. 16048:. London and New York: Verso. 15952:Steinberger, Peter J. (2000). 15912:Encyclopedia of World Cultures 15654:The Last Byzantine Renaissance 14900:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 14462:. In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). 13787:. In Niehoff, Maren R. (ed.). 12503:Nature Ecology & Evolution 12450:(6): 373–388 – via NCBI. 11373:Encyclopedia of ancient Greece 10837:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 10472:. 15 July 2008. Archived from 10440:"Speech by Vasilis Magdalinos" 10294:. London School of Economics. 9566:Koliopoulos & Veremis 2002 8653:Fouracre & Gerberding 1996 7623:A History of Greek Mathematics 6416: 6386: 6356: 6344: 6318: 6278: 6256:Hellenic Statistical Authority 6232: 6220: 5633:; becoming the capital of the 4467:cloning technology); botanist 2434:, 'of the same blood') 2377:, was part of this process of 1758: 1655:. Further east, the Greeks of 1526: 1433:, left both greatly weakened. 1282:) became major figures of the 13: 1: 20036:Decentralized administrations 18748: 18560:History of Greece (1923–1940) 16940:Finkelberg, Margalit (2006). 16756:Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age 16027:. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. 15629:Robins, Robert Henry (1993). 15348:. Cambridge University Press. 15281:Norwich, John Julius (1998). 15191:. Oxford and New York: Berg. 14597:Koliopoulos, Giannes (1987). 14294:Hershlag, Zvi Yehuda (1980). 13783:Finkelberg, Margalit (2012). 13646:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 13643:The Origins of Greek Religion 13312:. Oxford and New York: Berg. 13306:Calotychos, Vangelis (2003). 13285:Cadogan, Gerald, ed. (1986). 13191:. In Thomas, Carol G. (ed.). 13187:Burstein, Stanley M. (1988). 12720: 12509:: 290–303 – via Nature. 12133:10.1016/S0002-9297(07)62954-1 11330:Grierson & Bellinger 1999 11216:Tatakes & Moutafakis 2003 10929:Head, James (20 March 2007). 10835:The Text of the New Testament 10833:Aland, K.; Aland, B. (1995). 10676:Hannon, Paul (27 June 2012). 10222:Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos 2001 9397:(LEiden: Brill, 2010), 43–70. 9338:, "Greek Identity", pp. 22–27 9080:"Cyril and Methodius, Saints" 8173:Morris, Ian (December 2005). 7354:Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst 5831:nations. Thousands settle in 5437:move into peninsular Greece. 5362: 4939:who sailed to Great Britain, 4375:(first chemical synthesis of 4298:to the Ottomans in 1453. The 3124:). Important centres include 3107:Greek diaspora (20th century) 2960: 2673: 1443:, whose conquests led to the 1172:its syllabic writing system ( 1165: 775:and 30,000 post WW2 migrants. 490:20,000–30,000 (2013 estimate) 74: 19609:Parliamentary constituencies 19436: 18388:Foundation of Constantinople 18225:Alphabetical index of topics 17829:Hellenic Heritage Foundation 16432:. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. 16348:Winstedt, Eric Otto (1909). 16257:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.07.005 16223:. New York: Greekworks.com. 16171:van der Horst, Pieter Willem 16143:Journal of Genocide Research 16096:Tomić, Olga Mišeska (2006). 16063:Tartaron, Thomas F. (2013). 15973:Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). 15794:Nature Ecology and Evolution 15675:Journal of Genocide Research 15284:A Short History of Byzantium 15170:. New York: Modern Library. 15166:The Balkans: A Short History 14240:Harris, Michael H. (1999) . 13172:. Ontario: Broadview Press. 13059:Broome, Benjamin J. (1996). 12946:Journal of Genocide Research 12887:. New York: Berghahn Books. 12883:. In Hirschon, Renée (ed.). 12879:Barutciski, Michael (2003). 12234:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040004 11407:A Concise History of Greece 10937:. p. The Faith Column. 10758:Schaller & Zimmerer 2008 10714:Voegelin & Moulakis 1997 10169:"Cyprus: Demographic trends" 10104:"Greece: Demographic trends" 9507:Kazhdan & Constable 1982 8217:Arun, Neil (7 August 2007). 8021:"Ancient Greek Civilization" 7463:Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). 6454:"U.S. Relations with Greece" 6214: 5995:Greek government-debt crisis 5190:principal component analysis 5002:. The most notable shipping 4772:Ancient Greek personal names 4503:); and political scientists 4300:University of Constantinople 3085:states, remnants of the Old 2919:), who were among the first 2915: 2900: 2859: 2491: 2472: 2449: 2430: 1990:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 1549:; the Μacedonian Kingdom of 1396:death of Alexander the Great 1289: 1153: 1102:List of Ancient Greek tribes 7: 20284: 20267:Water supply and sanitation 20057: 19824:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 19457:Constitutional amendments ( 18727:Population exchange of 1923 18664:Greek countries and regions 18363:Wars of Alexander the Great 18238: 17968:Albanians of Western Thrace 17630:Zacharia, Katerina (2008). 17553:Mazower, Mark, ed. (2000). 17496:. London: Faber and Faber. 17313:Toynbee, Arnold J. (1973). 16692:. New York, NY: Routledge. 16558:Malatras, Christos (2011). 16510:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 15891:. Oxford University Press. 15474:The Family in Greek History 15471:Patterson, Cynthia (1998). 15448:10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0277 15388:Papadakis, Yiannis (1995). 15287:. Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin. 15013:Makrides, Vasilios (2009). 14483:Kardasis, Vassilis (2001). 14425:Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). 14359:Isaac, Benjamin H. (2004). 14153:Hansen, William F. (2004). 14132:Hall, Jonathan M. (2014) . 14084:. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 13553:A Concise History of Greece 13214:. In Holmes, George (ed.). 13145:Burckhardt, Jacob (1999) . 12654:Lowen, Mark (29 May 2013). 12562:. Brill. pp. 268–270. 10563:McCabe & Harlaftis 2005 10402:Prevelakis, George (2003). 10078:"Census of Population 2001" 10052:Central Intelligence Agency 9723:The Parian Marble, Entry #6 9191:Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz (2007). 7038:. SIL International. 2016. 6011: 5874:against the city's Greeks. 5827:and their families flee to 5771:and the Muslim minority of 5716:; hundreds of thousands of 5332: 5113:Iron Gates Hunter-Gatherers 5101:Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) 5025: 4873:Sea: exploring and commerce 4762:Surnames and personal names 4652: 4493:Constantine Paparrigopoulos 4423:); physicist-mathematician 3646: 3418: 3248: 3092: 2872:are derived, via the Latin 2844:became king of Phthia, the 2672:that dominated Greece from 2539:, the descendants of their 2384: 1223:caused the collapse of the 892: 450:25,000–28,000 (2011 census) 10: 22084: 18688:Inventions and discoveries 18515:Modern Greek Enlightenment 17834:Hellenic Home for the Aged 17467:Herzfeld, Michael (1982). 17210:Ahrweiler, Hélène (1975). 17103:Chamoux, François (2002). 17073:Walbank, Frank W. (1985). 16994:Hall, Jonathan M. (2000). 16961:Hall, Jonathan M. (2002). 16719:Forsén, Jeannette (1992). 16686:Dickinson, Oliver (2006). 16656:Dickinson, Oliver (1977). 16562:. In K. A. Dimadis (ed.). 16537:Kenyon, Sherrilyn (2005). 15861:Smith, Anthony D. (2003). 15840:Smith, Anthony D. (1991). 15807:10.1038/s41559-022-01952-3 15702:Schofield, Louise (2006). 15436:Anthropologischer Anzeiger 15239:Morgan, Catherine (1990). 14919:Lucore, Sandra K. (2009). 13762:Ferguson, Everett (2003). 13517:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.039 13396:Castleden, Rodney (2005). 13233:Browning, Robert (1983) . 12905:The Medieval Greek Romance 12808:10.1179/030701375790158257 12346:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018 11191:The Origin of Universities 11023:Tsokalidou, Roula (2002). 10906:. PewForum. 4 April 2014. 9813:Starostin, Sergei (1998). 9312:Özkırımlı & Sofos 2008 8637:, p. 290 (Note #39); 7477:(in Hungarian). Budapest. 7257:(in Czech). 9 March 2011. 7247:"Migranti z Řecka v Česku" 5936:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 5810:; approx. 75,000 migrate. 5548:. Migrations of Greeks to 5544:Conquest of Greece by the 5303:found in Italy, 350–325 BC 5035: 5029: 4965:Cosmas who sailed to India 4876: 4765: 4680: 4656: 4564:, the last dynasty of the 4537: 4533: 4367:(first total synthesis of 4203: 4199: 3817: 3794:Ancient Greek architecture 3783: 3698:was originally written in 3653:Religion in ancient Greece 3650: 3530:was originally written in 3422: 3392: 3388: 3372:Turkish Invasion of Cyprus 3178: 3174: 3096: 3058:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3021: 2939: 2909: 2894: 2760: 2714:refers to the "Hellenes" ( 2625: 2591:, formed the basis of the 2485: 2466: 2443: 2424: 2405:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2325:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2322: 2286:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2077: 2056:Saints Cyril and Methodius 1996:fled or migrated from the 1829: 1762: 1751:). By that time, the name 1744: 1674: 1530: 1385:Oracle of Apollo at Delphi 1293: 1176:) and developed their own 1157: 1095: 1091: 1039: 1035: 919:has been spoken since the 36: 29: 22063:Ancient peoples of Europe 22012: 21954: 21883: 21617: 21257: 21214: 21004: 20648: 20591: 20470:Greek East and Latin West 20379: 20294: 20290: 20279: 20065: 20052: 20011: 19911: 19832: 19769: 19706: 19655: 19627: 19589: 19553: 19507: 19448: 19444: 19431: 19361: 19296: 19219: 18800: 18760: 18756: 18743: 18659:Geographical name changes 18603: 18480: 18396: 18306: 18250: 18246: 18233: 18215: 18083: 17940: 17904: 17743:, includes papers on the 17448:Frary, Lucien J. (2015). 17233:Harris, Jonathan (2007). 16907:Freeman, Charles (2014). 16817:Burkert, Walter (1987) . 16481:. New York: Basic Books. 16477:Beaton, Roderick (2021). 16155:10.1080/14623520701850278 15979:Byzantinische Zeitschrift 15739:. In Mango, Cyril (ed.). 15737:"11 Palaiologan Learning" 15687:10.1080/14623520801950820 15650:Runciman, Steven (1970). 14954:Mackridge, Peter (1990). 14706:Laliotou, Ioanna (2004). 14683:10.1007/s10266-012-0058-1 14634:. In Malkin, Irad (ed.). 14458:Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). 14261:Harrison, Thomas (2002). 14186:Harl, Kenneth W. (1996). 13741:Fasold, Ralph W. (1984). 13697:Dunstan, William (2011). 13236:Medieval and Modern Greek 13193:Paths from Ancient Greece 13020:Cyprus: A Troubled Island 13017:Borowiec, Andrew (2000). 12958:10.1080/14623520701850286 12902:Beaton, Roderick (1996). 12761:Angelov, Dimiter (2007). 12543:McEnroe, John C. (2010). 12476:10.1101/2022.02.26.482072 11992:10.2119/molmed.2009.00094 11763:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049 11682:27 September 2023 at the 10592:, "The Greeks in America" 10536:Horden & Purcell 2000 9830:Watkins, Calvert (2000). 9623:Psellos, Michael (1994). 9540:The Chronicle of the Fall 9084:The Columbia Encyclopedia 8010:, pp. 1–25, 148–190. 7416:"Greeks Around the Globe" 6761:27 September 2023 at the 5744:The Destruction of Smyrna 5415:Mycenaean involvement in 5216:) and Eastern Europeans ( 5111:, and ~0.9–2.3% from the 5038:Genetic history of Europe 4947:who sailed to India, the 4717:Greek War of Independence 4619:national emblem of Greece 4584:Greek War of Independence 4497:Helene Glykatzi Ahrweiler 4357:Bergmann-Zervas synthesis 3845:Western artistic heritage 3810:Modern Greek architecture 3577:voted to make the spoken 3551:Eastern Romance languages 3411:in the 20th century. The 3282:Greek War of Independence 2808:, a land occupied by the 2541:classical Greek forebears 2329:Greek War of Independence 2318: 2297:Greek War of Independence 2266:1517–1520), whose mother 1992:hundreds of thousands of 1922:were just called Greeks. 1507:. Many Greeks settled in 1080:family of languages, the 834: 759: 751: 746: 739: 734: 714: 694: 674: 654: 634: 614: 594: 574: 554: 534: 514: 494: 474: 454: 434: 414: 394: 374: 354: 334: 314: 294: 274: 254: 234: 214: 194: 174: 154: 134: 97: 92: 72: 67: 59: 57: 56: 20013:Administrative divisions 19736:Macedonia naming dispute 19576:Parliamentary Committees 19561:Conference of Presidents 17814:Charitable organizations 17597:Trudgill, Peter (2002). 17106:Hellenistic Civilization 16886:Cartledge, Paul (2002). 16775:Tandy, David W. (2001). 16504:Clackson, James (1995). 16327:Winford, Donald (2003). 16215:Vryonis, Speros (2005). 15569:Buddhism in Central Asia 15566:Puri, Baij Nath (1987). 15206:Milburn, Robert (1988). 15079:Mango, Cyril A. (1986). 14741:Latacz, Joachim (2004). 14099:Haldon, John F. (1997). 13718:Earl, Donald C. (1968). 13550:Clogg, Richard (2013) . 13482:. London: Granta Books. 13327:Cameron, Averil (2009). 13166:Burger, Michael (2008). 12592:"Statistics of Democide" 12444:Annals of Human Genetics 12025:Annals of Human Genetics 11349:. François Velde. 1997. 11136:Stansbury-O'Donnell 2015 10285:Georgiou, Myria (2004). 10014: 9655:II.2.653 for "Hellenes". 9444:25 February 2021 at the 9376:25 February 2021 at the 9353:25 February 2021 at the 8625:, pp. 295–296, 305. 8438:Nicholas, Nick. (2019). 8099:Fox, Robin Lane (2004). 7801:Mallory & Adams 1997 7563:, pp. 159, 165–166. 7551:, pp. 171–172, 222. 6974:"Immigration to Uruguay" 6699:and Greek version 3.800" 6165: 5806:begins evictions of the 5366: 3rd millennium BC 5006:of the 20th century was 4992:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 4744:Alexandros Papanastasiou 4435:(known for solutions of 4241:, in the 3rd century BC. 4206:Ancient Greek philosophy 4180:, the naturalized Greek 4050:playwrights include the 4017:Alexandros Papadiamantis 3914:Dominikos Theotokopoulos 3043:1923 population exchange 2949:(ancient city), said by 2784:. The Greek philosopher 2621: 2604:, defined by possessing 2284:, leading figure of the 1946:John III Doukas Vatatzes 1622:Kingdoms of the Diadochi 1599:Hellenistic civilization 777:"Including descendants". 39:Grecian (disambiguation) 22053:Ethnic groups in Greece 21662:Eastern Orthodox Church 19740:Language naming dispute 18500:Venetian Ionian islands 18414:Persecution of paganism 16607:Renfrew, Colin (2003). 16426:Zuwiyya, David (2011). 16359:Wood, Michael (2001) . 16306:Withey, Lynne (1989) . 16285:Wickham, Chris (2005). 16102:. Dordrecht: Springer. 15735:Ševčenko, Ihor (2002). 15302:Osborne, Robin (1998). 15052:. New York: Routledge. 14986:. Aldershot: Variorum. 14856:10.1126/science.abm4247 14630:Konstan, David (2001). 14336:Howatson, M.C. (1989). 14267:. New York: Routledge. 14074:Guibernau, Montserrat; 13938:Grant, Michael (1990). 13917:Gilbar, Gad G. (1997). 13583:Clogg, Richard (2000). 13429:Casson, Lionel (1991). 13291:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. 13266:Burton, Watson (1993). 13084:. New York: Routledge. 13080:Brown, Neville (2004). 12532:Lagouvardos et al. 2012 11420:Wars and Peace Treaties 11096:, pp. ix–xiv, 183. 10783:Encyclopædia Britannica 10682:The Wall Street Journal 10173:Encyclopædia Britannica 10108:Encyclopædia Britannica 9984:10.1126/science.aan7200 9450:A Greek-English Lexicon 9382:A Greek-English Lexicon 9359:A Greek-English Lexicon 9263:Encyclopædia Britannica 9231:Encyclopædia Britannica 9130:Encyclopædia Britannica 9054:Encyclopædia Britannica 9012:Encyclopædia Britannica 8811:Encyclopædia Britannica 8583:Encyclopædia Britannica 8365:Encyclopædia Britannica 8268:Encyclopædia Britannica 8146:"Alexander the Great". 8101:"Riding with Alexander" 8025:Encyclopædia Britannica 7848:Encyclopædia Britannica 7844:"Linear A and Linear B" 7815:Encyclopædia Britannica 7136:Instituti i Statistikës 6157:List of Greek Americans 5861:, and other countries. 5823:: tens of thousands of 5503:Classical Age of Greece 4951:of Alexander the Great 4752:Third Hellenic Republic 4748:Konstantinos Karamanlis 4728:First Hellenic Republic 4425:Demetrios Christodoulou 4379:); computer scientists 4327:(unearthed the tomb of 4321:Constantin Carathéodory 3867:cultures, resulting in 3828:Renowned Greek soprano 3814:Modern Greek literature 3779: 3619:is the language of the 3468:Indo-European languages 3429:Greek language question 3362:, especially after the 2969:Alexander the Great in 2888:, from the name of the 2648:(Ἀχαιοί) is one of the 2235:(for example among the 1958:George Gemistos Plethon 1841:), a term which in the 931:, the Black Sea coast, 927:, the western coast of 250:138,000 (2011 estimate) 170:449,000 (2021 estimate) 32:Greeks (disambiguation) 21991:Orders and decorations 21728:Greek Old Calendarists 20199:Science and technology 20159:Greek economic miracle 20026:Administrative regions 18472:Fall of Constantinople 18467:Despotate of the Morea 18439:Macedonian Renaissance 17763:, which publishes the 17488:Holden, David (1972). 17292:Byzantine Civilisation 16003:A History of Greek Art 15934:A History of Greek Art 15906:Sutton, Susan (1996). 15608:Roberts, J.M. (2007). 15353:Panayotou, A. (2007). 15260:Nagy, Gregory (2014). 15162:Mazower, Mark (2000). 14392:Jeffries, Ian (2002). 14300:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 13210:Brown, Thomas (2001). 13099:Bryce, Trevor (2006). 13038:Brice, Lee L. (2012). 12829:The Angle Orthodontist 11307:. Skafidas Zacharias. 9728:23 August 2017 at the 9408:Macan, Reginald Walter 9194:Resimli Osmanlı tarihi 8667:, pp. 66, 87, 256 8361:"Hellenistic religion" 7350:"Greeks in Uzbekistan" 6227:Maratou-Alipranti 2013 6147:List of ancient Greeks 5390:Mycenaean civilization 5099:(~20.1–22.7%) and the 5067: 5059: 5050:Admixture analysis of 4943:who sailed to Africa, 4891: 4687: 4569: 4549: 4427:(renowned for work on 4409:Christos Papadimitriou 4242: 4214:Ancient Greek medicine 4166:Lysandros Kaftanzoglou 4082: 3922:Konstantinos Volanakis 3832: 3679: 3480:Indo-Iranian languages 3458:Most Greeks speak the 3455: 3438: 3379:Greek financial crisis 3277: 3258: 3190: 3108: 3028:Demographics of Cyprus 3024:Demographics of Greece 2974: 2883: 2875: 2670:Mycenaean civilization 2641: 2553:Fall of Constantinople 2407: 2288: 2102:Fall of Constantinople 2097: 2058:from the port city of 2045:Fall of Constantinople 1944:, the Nicaean emperor 1820: 1809: 1793: 1594: 1570: 1447: 1225:Mycenaean civilization 1140:Arcadocypriot dialects 1120:ancient Greek dialects 1106:Ancient Greek religion 1069: 1051: 630:10,000 (2013 estimate) 610:11,000 (2015 estimate) 570:15,000 (2011 estimate) 410:35,000 (2011 estimate) 390:35,000 (2013 estimate) 330:91,000 (2011 estimate) 87: 22068:Indo-European peoples 21710:Greek Orthodox Church 20080:Athens Stock Exchange 19499:Supreme Special Court 18278:Cycladic civilization 17851:Hellenic Scholarships 17040:Malkin, Irad (1998). 16123:. London: Routledge. 16120:History and Ethnicity 15760:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 15587:Rezun, Miron (2001). 14603:. Oxford: Clarendon. 14539:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 14264:Greeks and Barbarians 14020:Green, Peter (2008). 13511:(10): 2565–2586.e21. 13476:Clark, Bruce (2006). 12470:: 2022.02.26.482072. 11671:Lazaridis et al. 2022 11371:Wilson, N.G. (2006). 11332:, "Eagles", pp. 85–86 10768:, pp. xiii, 178. 10622:. GreekReporter.com. 10002:Lazaridis et al. 2017 8148:Columbia Encyclopedia 7620:Thomas Heath (1981). 6837:"The Greek Community" 6748:1 August 2020 at the 6197:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 6026:Ancient Greece portal 5469:of the Greek nation. 5451:by the Greek tribes. 5388:and formation of the 5164:southern Balkan Slavs 5129:Pontic–Caspian steppe 5065: 5049: 5030:Further information: 4961:Cosmas Indicopleustes 4886: 4736:Eleftherios Venizelos 4615:crux immissa quadrata 4579:Eleftheria i Thanatos 4558:Greek Orthodox Church 4555: 4547: 4513:Cornelius Castoriadis 4373:Panayotis Katsoyannis 4337:Antikythera mechanism 4309:Georgios Papanicolaou 4233: 4079:Eleftherios Venizelos 4077: 3999:Constantine P. Cavafy 3843:and later the modern 3827: 3798:Ancient Greek theatre 3784:Further information: 3688:Greek Orthodox Church 3664: 3657:Greek Orthodox Church 3453: 3436: 3370:(1946–1949), and the 3314:Greek Orthodox Church 3280:During and after the 3267:Constantine P. Cavafy 3264: 3256: 3188: 3181:Colonies in antiquity 3106: 3074:Constantinople Pogrom 2968: 2639: 2543:and followers of the 2392: 2280: 2223:—were to be found in 2091: 2068:first Slavic alphabet 2064:theme of Thessalonica 2033:Byzantine grammarians 1962:Orthodox Christianity 1927:Byzantine scholarship 1815: 1799: 1788: 1694:'s famous statement: 1675:Further information: 1576: 1544: 1439: 1146:and the Doric at the 1096:Further information: 1072:The Greeks speak the 1057: 1049: 1040:Further information: 1000:Greek Orthodox Church 935:in central Anatolia, 880:Eastern Mediterranean 670:8,846 (2011 estimate) 650:9,500 (2000 estimate) 230:271,405 (2016 census) 190:424,744 (2021 census) 128: 659,115–721,000 86: 21996:World Heritage Sites 20578:Units of measurement 19971:New Social Movements 19534:Presidential Mansion 19391:Environmental issues 19112:North Aegean islands 18674:Renaissance scholars 18570:4th of August Regime 18520:Septinsular Republic 18373:Wars of the Diadochi 18348:Peloponnesian League 17839:Hellenic Hope Center 17739:16 June 2009 at the 17111:Blackwell Publishing 16042:Tatz, Colin (2003). 16024:Byzantine Philosophy 15992:10.1515/bz-2014-0009 14912:10.1093/hgs/12.3.393 12399:10.1038/ejhg.2017.18 11725:Clemente et al. 2021 10743:on 27 February 2008. 10580:, pp. xvii–xxi. 10538:, pp. 111, 128. 9879:, pp. xii, 3–5. 9770:29 June 2011 at the 9741:Pseudo-Apollodorus. 9461:Herodotus, 8.144.2: 9428:– via Perseus. 9420:on 13 September 2023 8761:, pp. 176, 177. 8542:Theodore the Studite 7994:, pp. 142–143; 7659:Tulloch, A. (2017). 7290:. 10 December 2015. 7154:censusresults.nsi.bg 6089:Macedonians (Greeks) 5689:. Emigration to the 5563:Eastern Roman Empire 5323:University of Athens 5109:Proto-Indo-Europeans 5000:flags of convenience 4724:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4645:and the flag of the 4469:Theodoros Orphanides 4235:Aristarchus of Samos 4064:Gregorios Xenopoulos 3932:; sculptors such as 3802:Modern Greek theatre 3716:Greek Byzantine-rite 3702:, which remains the 3089:(pre-19th century). 2921:ancient Greek tribes 2581:romantic nationalism 2335:Age of Enlightenment 1894:Empire of the Greeks 1851:Eastern Roman Empire 1833:, "Romans", meaning 1659:became known to the 1286:of later antiquity. 1211:Around 1200 BC, the 1130:, which resulted in 1098:Proto-Greek language 975:at various periods. 530:23,485 (2023 census) 510:24,736 (2012 census) 350:85,640 (2010 census) 30:For other uses, see 21485:Musical instruments 21101:Greek Sign Language 20404:Concept of kingship 20253:Rio–Antirrio bridge 20219:Subdivisions by GDP 19883:Human rights abuses 19566:Hellenic Parliament 18525:War of Independence 18463:Despotate of Epirus 18429:Arab–Byzantine wars 18424:Plague of Justinian 18324:Iron Age migrations 18298:Bronze Age collapse 18283:Minoan civilization 17844:9 July 2013 at the 17782:Trade organizations 17750:Greeks on Greekness 17173:Ahrweiler, Hélène; 16405:Zoch, Paul (2000). 15344:Page, Gill (2008). 14802:10.1038/nature23310 14794:2017Natur.548..214L 14026:. London: Phoenix. 13985:10.1038/nature02029 13977:2003Natur.426..435G 13842:Fong, Mary (2004). 13721:The Age of Augustus 13457:The Mycenaean World 11819:10.1038/nature07331 11811:2008Natur.456...98N 11754:2008CBio...18.1241L 11305:Flags of the Greeks 11197:on 20 February 2009 10565:, pp. 147–149. 10526:, pp. 199–289. 10476:on 16 February 2012 10372:Hürriyet Daily News 9314:, pp. 116–117. 9118:, pp. 105–107. 8534:Paul the Silentiary 8392:, pp. 617–618. 8338:, pp. 244–245. 8302:, pp. 137–138. 8136:, pp. 281–286. 8080:, pp. 57–58: " 7895:, pp. 417–426. 7389:. 3 February 2011. 7323:. 6 December 2013. 7220:. 31 January 2011. 7186:. 28 January 2011. 7101:. 4 February 2011. 6894:. 28 January 2011. 6783:. 4 February 2011. 6549:. 4 February 2011. 6434:on 14 February 2020 6428:American FactFinder 5991:skilled individuals 5590:is re-populated by 5528:Alexander the Great 5263:Physical appearance 4937:Pytheas of Massalia 4914:and the islands of 4849:for male names and 4740:Georgios Papandreou 4732:Charilaos Trikoupis 4706:early modern period 4631:double-headed eagle 4457:Eugenios Antoniadis 4433:Achilles Papapetrou 4429:Minkowski spacetime 4395:(co-creator of the 4385:Nicholas Negroponte 4239:heliocentric system 4188:and urban planners 4178:Anastasios Orlandos 4162:Stamatios Kleanthis 4068:Iakovos Kambanellis 4056:Georgios Chortatzis 4041:Vassilis Vassilikos 3930:Constantine Andreou 3883:Byzantine Greek art 3857:Alexander the Great 3837:classical Greek art 3774:population exchange 3747:Jehovah's Witnesses 3710:denominations like 3704:liturgical language 3686:, belonging to the 3589:variety of dialects 3575:Hellenic Parliament 3504:Phoenician alphabet 3118:Sorbonne University 2999:their language and 2933:Proto-Indo-European 2632:Names of the Greeks 2608:and having a Greek 2523:self-identified as 2375:Asia Minor Campaign 2039:a major boost. The 2037:Italian Renaissance 1986:Empire of Trebizond 1971:Italian Renaissance 1916:Council of Florence 1456:Alexander the Great 1441:Alexander the Great 1170:Minoan civilization 1148:Bronze Age collapse 730:4,454 (2016 census) 53: 21782:Primordial deities 21686:Early 20th century 21150:Minority languages 20348:Aromanian question 20261:Thessaloniki Metro 20229:Telecommunications 19898:Political scandals 19813:Presidential Guard 19668:Capital punishment 19524:Government Gazette 19227:Canyons and gorges 18679:Hellenic languages 18368:Hellenistic period 18334:Greco-Persian Wars 18049:Slavic Macedonians 17175:Laiou, Angeliki E. 17096:Hellenistic Greeks 15914:. The Gale Group. 15355:"4 Arcado-Cypriot" 14849:(6609): eabm4247. 12560:The Ahhiyawa Texts 12522:, pp. 98–115. 11986:(11–12): 371–383. 11980:Molecular Medicine 11931:Am. J. Hum. Genet. 11864:10.1002/ajpa.10234 11621:on 7 December 2008 11599:, pp. 132–166 11595:, pp. 30–32; 11511:"Naming practices" 11347:Byzantine Heraldry 11281:on 15 October 2008 11163:on 10 October 2018 11113:. 4 October 2007. 11069:, pp. xii–xv. 10815:on 15 October 2013 10779:"Greek literature" 10756:, pp. 41–58; 10716:, pp. 175–179 10710:van der Horst 1998 10378:on 9 December 2012 10084:on 3 February 2017 10028:on 6 February 2009 9801:Catalogue of Women 9536:Sphrantzes, George 9410:(1908). "8. 144". 9306:, pp. xi–xv; 9282:(in Greek). 1822. 9145:Philotheou Parerga 8579:"Byzantine Empire" 7891:, pp. 71–72; 7604:CIA World Factbook 6740:Parvex R. (2014). 6650:"Grecia Salentina" 6404:on 15 January 2013 6059:Cappadocian Greeks 5919:Republic of Cyprus 5757:Treaty of Lausanne 5687:modern Greek state 5212:), Northern (CEU, 5168:Slavic Macedonians 5156:Slavic Macedonians 5068: 5060: 5016:Stavros G. Livanos 4975:on trade with the 4945:Scylax of Caryanda 4892: 4756:Andreas Papandreou 4659:Politics in Greece 4570: 4550: 4509:Structural Marxist 4441:Dimitri Nanopoulos 4437:general relativity 4417:Mihalis Yannakakis 4341:Spyridon Marinatos 4325:Manolis Andronikos 4315:, inventor of the 4243: 4190:Stamatis Voulgaris 4170:Anastasios Metaxas 4147:Giannis Dalianidis 4143:Michael Cacoyannis 4135:Vasilis Georgiadis 4127:Alekos Sakellarios 4083: 4060:Vincenzos Cornaros 4052:Cretan Renaissance 3991:Angelos Sikelianos 3939:composers such as 3934:Yannoulis Chalepas 3873:Greco-Buddhist art 3833: 3820:Greco-Buddhist art 3723:Greek Evangelicals 3680: 3666:Christ Pantocrator 3526:, and others. The 3464:independent branch 3456: 3439: 3278: 3259: 3223:Hellenistic period 3191: 3109: 3038:Republic of Cyprus 2975: 2864:The English names 2821:Catalogue of Women 2652:for the Greeks in 2642: 2565:modern Greek state 2408: 2366:Treaty of Lausanne 2358:Greek constitution 2289: 2253:Armenian Highlands 2098: 2094:Basilios Bessarion 2002:Armenian Highlands 1898:Imperium Graecorum 1821: 1810: 1794: 1688:heavily influenced 1657:Alexandria Eschate 1595: 1591:Indo-Greek Kingdom 1571: 1537:Hellenistic Greece 1533:Hellenistic period 1448: 1400:Greco-Persian Wars 1204:and the shores of 1070: 1068:", 16th century BC 1052: 953:Greek colonization 88: 49: 22040: 22039: 22008: 22007: 22004: 22003: 21690:Late 20th century 21670:Early Middle Ages 21154:Albanian language 20352:Megleno-Romanians 20275: 20274: 20048: 20047: 20044: 20043: 19726:Council of Europe 19708:Foreign relations 19688:Life imprisonment 19619:Political parties 19427: 19426: 19423: 19422: 19376:Natural disasters 19321:Mediterranean Sea 18814:Aetolia-Acarnania 18739: 18738: 18735: 18734: 18693:Language question 18555:Greco-Turkish War 18504:Kingdom of Candia 18358:League of Corinth 18353:Peloponnesian War 18174: 18173: 18024:Megleno-Romanians 17668: 17667: 17643:978-0-7546-6525-0 17610:978-0-7486-1515-5 17589:978-0-19-215256-5 17566:978-0-691-05842-9 17545:978-1-85973-138-3 17524:978-0-226-42494-1 17503:978-0-397-00779-0 17480:978-0-292-76018-9 17459:978-0-19-873377-5 17431:978-0-253-30368-4 17410:978-0-87850-096-3 17389:978-0-87661-540-9 17368:978-0-87661-534-8 17326:978-0-19-215253-4 17305:978-1-56619-574-4 17279:978-0-19-504652-6 17246:978-1-84725-179-4 17190:978-0-88402-247-3 17151:978-87-7288-555-1 17120:978-0-631-22241-5 17086:978-0-521-30752-9 17053:978-0-520-21185-8 17032:978-0-393-30111-3 17009:978-0-521-78999-8 16974:978-0-226-31329-0 16953:978-1-139-44836-9 16920:978-0-19-965192-4 16899:978-0-19-280388-7 16866:978-0-19-960134-9 16830:978-1-118-72499-6 16788:978-1-55164-188-1 16732:978-91-7081-031-2 16699:978-0-203-96836-9 16622:978-3-8253-1449-1 16599:978-0-19-814098-6 16550:978-1-58297-295-4 16517:978-0-631-19197-1 16488:978-1-5416-1829-9 16469:978-99930-69-21-8 16439:978-90-04-18345-2 16418:978-0-8061-3287-7 16397:978-90-411-1672-7 16374:978-0-520-23192-4 16340:978-0-631-21251-5 16319:978-0-520-06564-2 16298:978-0-19-926449-0 16230:978-0-9747660-3-4 16207:978-0-8262-1126-2 16186:978-90-429-0578-8 16130:978-0-415-00056-7 16109:978-1-4020-4487-8 16076:978-1-107-06713-4 16055:978-1-85984-550-9 16034:978-0-87220-563-5 15965:978-0-87220-512-3 15944:978-1-4443-5014-2 15898:978-0-19-829534-1 15883:Smith, Anthony D. 15874:978-0-19-210017-7 15853:978-0-87417-204-1 15843:National Identity 15750:978-0-19-814098-6 15715:978-0-89236-867-9 15642:978-3-11-013574-9 15621:978-0-14-103042-5 15600:978-0-275-97072-7 15579:978-81-208-0372-5 15558:978-0-521-08709-4 15537:978-0-521-09662-1 15505:978-1-62275-027-6 15484:978-0-674-00568-6 15426:978-0-253-21851-3 15403:978-1-85043-824-3 15336:978-0-231-70052-8 15315:978-0-19-284202-2 15294:978-0-14-025960-5 15252:978-0-521-37451-4 15219:978-0-520-07412-5 15198:978-1-85973-875-7 15177:978-0-8129-6621-3 15154:978-0-7735-8905-6 15094:978-0-8020-6627-5 15059:978-1-884964-98-5 15026:978-0-8147-9568-2 14993:978-0-86078-295-7 14969:978-0-85036-393-7 14934:978-90-04-17357-6 14788:(7666): 214–218. 14754:978-0-19-926308-0 14721:978-0-306-48321-9 14645:978-0-674-00662-1 14589:978-0-8147-4767-4 14517:978-0-88402-103-2 14496:978-0-7391-0245-9 14438:978-0-521-87688-9 14405:978-0-415-23671-3 14372:978-0-691-12598-5 14351:978-0-19-866121-4 14328:978-0-631-21890-6 14307:978-90-04-06061-6 14274:978-0-415-93958-4 14253:978-0-8108-7715-3 14232:978-0-674-03837-0 14199:978-0-8018-5291-6 14166:978-1-57607-226-4 14145:978-0-631-22667-3 14112:978-0-521-31917-1 14091:978-1-4051-2391-4 14066:978-0-88402-261-9 14033:978-0-7538-2413-9 13971:(6965): 435–439. 13951:978-0-297-82057-4 13930:978-0-7146-4706-7 13876:978-0-7190-4791-6 13857:978-0-7425-1739-4 13834:978-0-230-62125-1 13798:978-90-04-22134-5 13775:978-0-8028-2221-5 13754:978-0-631-13462-6 13710:978-0-7425-6834-1 13689:978-0-691-02951-1 13653:978-3-11-003982-5 13620:978-1-59884-302-6 13596:978-0-333-60047-4 13563:978-1-107-65644-4 13489:978-1-86207-752-2 13468:978-0-521-29037-1 13442:978-0-691-01477-7 13409:978-0-415-36336-5 13376:978-0-19-960134-9 13340:978-1-4051-9833-2 13319:978-1-85973-716-3 13277:978-0-231-08166-5 13246:978-0-521-23488-7 13225:978-0-19-280133-3 13202:978-90-04-08846-7 13179:978-1-55111-432-3 13158:978-0-312-24447-7 13137:978-0-19-537984-6 13091:978-0-415-30413-9 13072:978-1-931930-39-0 13051:978-1-61069-069-0 13030:978-0-275-96533-4 13009:978-0-521-24289-9 12988:978-0-19-285247-2 12936:978-88-7740-121-2 12915:978-0-415-12032-6 12894:978-1-57181-562-0 12871:978-1-902937-33-5 12774:978-0-521-85703-1 12741:978-90-04-12835-4 12280:10.1159/000472383 12170:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12121:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12072:Am. J. Hum. Genet 12031:(Pt 2): 205–214. 11748:(16): 1241–1248. 11521:on 16 August 2018 11343:"Byzantine Flags" 11081:, pp. 28–29. 10843:978-0-8028-4098-1 10760:, pp. 7–14; 10732:(Press release). 10712:, pp. 9–11; 10604:, pp. 85–92. 10247:978-0-203-96911-3 10149:978-1-86197-825-7 9910:, pp. 29–32. 9634:978-0-297-82057-4 9613:, pp. 18–19. 9326:, pp. 15–39. 9204:978-975-269-299-2 9050:"Aristotelianism" 8847:. 5 August 2021. 8788:, pp. 47–49. 8640:Annales Fuldenses 8473:, pp. 35–40. 8326:, pp. 43–46. 8264:"Hellenistic age" 8068:, pp. 57–58. 8052:, pp. 29–50. 7998:, pp. 66–67. 7950:, pp. 65–88. 7672:978-988-8390-64-9 7633:978-0-486-24073-2 7610:1.3%, other 0.7%. 7484:978-963-235-542-9 6986:on 16 August 2013 6765: 6656:on 19 August 2014 6460:. 10 March 2016. 6109:Northern Epirotes 6049:Antiochian Greeks 6008: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5804:Communist Romania 5731:Treaty of Neuilly 5665: 5664: 5507:Peloponnesian War 5384:Emergence of the 5008:Aristotle Onassis 4981:Panayotis Potagos 4973:Byzantine emperor 4888:Aristotle Onassis 4797:, indicating the 4750:, founder of the 4726:, founder of the 4713:French Revolution 4672:Greek city-states 4528:Andreas Zapatinas 4501:Byzantine studies 4485:Yiannis Psycharis 4481:Dimitrios Galanos 4431:) and physicists 4381:Michael Dertouzos 4363:discovery fame), 4319:); mathematician 4271:political science 4218:Byzantine science 4210:Greek mathematics 4186:Dimitris Pikionis 4155:Theo Angelopoulos 4037:Stratis Myrivilis 4029:Nikos Kazantzakis 3995:Andreas Embirikos 3987:Dionysios Solomos 3941:Mikis Theodorakis 3926:Périclès Pantazis 3637:Macedonian Slavic 3555:Balkan sprachbund 3520:Euclid's Elements 3451: 3395:Culture of Greece 3366:(1939–1945), the 3329:Vagliano Brothers 3241:. The modern-day 3034:Hellenic Republic 2983:Cypriot syllabary 2971:Byzantine Emperor 2907: 2688:(Πανέλληνες) and 2362:Kingdom of Greece 2343:Adamantios Korais 2282:Adamantios Korais 2062:, capital of the 2018:Greeks in Georgia 2014:Greeks in Armenia 1890:Holy Roman Empire 1681:Greco-Roman world 1557:(dark blue), the 1555:Ptolemaic Kingdom 1467:Achaemenid Empire 1416:Peloponnesian War 1284:Olympian Pantheon 1247:was discernible. 1116:2nd millennium BC 1066:Mask of Agamemnon 1042:History of Greece 901:Mediterranean Sea 843:[ˈelines] 787: 786: 16:(Redirected from 22075: 22030: 22020: 22019: 21976:national colours 21893:Ancient Olympics 21790:Twelve Olympians 21718:Church of Greece 21678:Early Modern Era 21674:Late Middle Ages 21628:Ancient religion 21182:Megleno-Romanian 21079:Greco-Australian 20615:Heptanese school 20548:Independence Day 20292: 20291: 20281: 20280: 20054: 20053: 19975:Environmentalism 19637:Council of State 19446: 19445: 19433: 19432: 18758: 18757: 18745: 18744: 18629:Christianization 18489: 18459:Empire of Nicaea 18444:East–West Schism 18419:Migration period 18409:Byzantine period 18402: 18378:Roman–Greek wars 18339:Classical period 18312: 18311:(1100 BC-330 AD) 18293:Mycenaean period 18256: 18248: 18247: 18235: 18234: 18201: 18194: 18187: 18178: 18177: 18074: 18067: 18060: 18018: 18006: 17999: 17977: 17970: 17963: 17956: 17892: 17891: 17880: 17873: 17866: 17857: 17856: 17722:Church of Greece 17717:Church of Cyprus 17659: 17657: 17655: 17626: 17624: 17622: 17593: 17581: 17570: 17549: 17528: 17507: 17495: 17484: 17463: 17435: 17414: 17393: 17372: 17342: 17340: 17338: 17309: 17288:Runciman, Steven 17283: 17262: 17260: 17258: 17229: 17227: 17225: 17206: 17204: 17202: 17166:Byzantine Greeks 17155: 17136: 17134: 17132: 17090: 17069: 17067: 17065: 17036: 17024: 17013: 17001: 16990: 16988: 16986: 16957: 16936: 16934: 16932: 16903: 16882: 16880: 16878: 16846: 16844: 16842: 16810:Classical Greeks 16804: 16802: 16800: 16771: 16759: 16748: 16746: 16744: 16715: 16713: 16711: 16682: 16661: 16649:Mycenaean Greeks 16643: 16638: 16636: 16634: 16603: 16579: 16577: 16575: 16554: 16533: 16531: 16529: 16500: 16473: 16443: 16422: 16401: 16378: 16366: 16355: 16344: 16323: 16302: 16281: 16279: 16277: 16259: 16234: 16222: 16211: 16190: 16166: 16139:Üngör, Uğur Ümit 16134: 16113: 16092: 16090: 16088: 16059: 16038: 16017: 15996: 15994: 15969: 15948: 15927: 15925: 15923: 15902: 15878: 15857: 15836: 15826: 15783: 15754: 15731: 15729: 15727: 15698: 15669: 15657: 15646: 15625: 15604: 15583: 15562: 15541: 15529: 15518: 15509: 15488: 15467: 15430: 15407: 15384: 15382: 15380: 15349: 15340: 15319: 15298: 15277: 15275: 15273: 15256: 15235: 15233: 15231: 15202: 15181: 15169: 15158: 15135: 15098: 15086: 15075: 15073: 15071: 15042: 15040: 15038: 15009: 15007: 15005: 14973: 14950: 14948: 14946: 14915: 14894: 14876: 14858: 14831: 14821: 14770: 14768: 14766: 14737: 14735: 14733: 14708:"Greek Diaspora" 14702: 14661: 14659: 14657: 14626: 14624: 14622: 14593: 14581: 14570: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14500: 14479: 14477: 14475: 14454: 14452: 14450: 14421: 14419: 14417: 14388: 14386: 14384: 14355: 14343: 14332: 14311: 14290: 14288: 14286: 14257: 14236: 14222:Ancient Literacy 14215: 14213: 14211: 14182: 14180: 14178: 14149: 14128: 14126: 14124: 14095: 14076:Hutchinson, John 14070: 14049: 14047: 14045: 14016: 14014: 14012: 13955: 13934: 13913: 13911: 13909: 13880: 13861: 13838: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13779: 13758: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13714: 13693: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13600: 13579: 13577: 13575: 13546: 13536: 13493: 13472: 13460: 13446: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13392: 13390: 13388: 13356: 13354: 13352: 13323: 13302: 13281: 13262: 13260: 13258: 13229: 13206: 13183: 13162: 13141: 13129: 13118: 13106: 13095: 13076: 13055: 13034: 13013: 12992: 12980: 12969: 12940: 12919: 12898: 12875: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12819: 12790: 12788: 12786: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12710: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12675: 12673: 12651: 12645: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12540: 12534: 12529: 12523: 12517: 12511: 12510: 12494: 12488: 12487: 12458: 12452: 12451: 12435: 12429: 12428: 12418: 12375: 12369: 12368: 12358: 12348: 12338: 12336:Data S2, Table 8 12332: 12316: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12263: 12257: 12256: 12246: 12236: 12210: 12204: 12203: 12193: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12144: 12127:(5): 1251–1276. 12112: 12106: 12105: 12095: 12078:(5): 1168–1174. 12063: 12057: 12056: 12020: 12014: 12013: 12003: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11954: 11921: 11915: 11914: 11890: 11884: 11883: 11847: 11841: 11840: 11830: 11805:(7218): 98–101. 11790: 11784: 11783: 11765: 11733: 11727: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11692: 11686: 11678: 11668: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11617:. Archived from 11606: 11600: 11590: 11584: 11579:, pp. 1–3; 11566: 11560: 11550: 11544: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11507: 11501: 11498:Koliopoulos 1987 11495: 11489: 11483: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11423: 11416: 11410: 11403: 11397: 11390: 11384: 11369: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11358: 11339: 11333: 11327: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11297: 11291: 11290: 11288: 11286: 11267: 11261: 11255: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11225: 11219: 11213: 11207: 11206: 11204: 11202: 11182: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11157:Antiqua Medicina 11149: 11143: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11103: 11097: 11091: 11082: 11076: 11070: 11064: 11058: 11052: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11029: 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10965: 10957: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10926: 10920: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10900: 10894: 10888: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10864: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10831: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10775: 10769: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10731: 10723: 10717: 10707: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10651:The Fiscal Times 10642: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10611: 10605: 10599: 10593: 10587: 10581: 10575: 10566: 10560: 10551: 10545: 10539: 10533: 10527: 10521: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10483: 10481: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10436: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10419: 10412: 10399: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10374:. Archived from 10363: 10357: 10356:, pp. 1–10. 10351: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10331:. Archived from 10320: 10314: 10313: 10308: 10306: 10300: 10293: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10269: 10267: 10231: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10200:, pp. 2–3; 10195: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10165: 10154: 10153: 10135: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10027: 10020: 10010: 10004: 9999: 9988: 9987: 9971: 9962: 9956: 9950: 9944: 9938: 9929: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9892: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9861: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9810: 9804: 9797: 9791: 9781: 9775: 9757: 9748: 9739: 9733: 9720: 9711: 9702: 9696: 9695:, 7.94 and 8.73. 9686: 9680: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9656: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9575: 9569: 9563: 9557: 9552:Feraios, Rigas. 9550: 9544: 9543: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9496: 9490: 9484: 9478: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9453: 9436: 9430: 9429: 9427: 9425: 9404: 9398: 9391: 9385: 9368: 9362: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9315: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9281: 9273: 9267: 9266: 9258: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9223: 9217: 9216: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9166:www.macka.gov.tr 9158: 9152: 9151: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9046: 9040: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9004: 8995: 8989: 8983: 8977: 8971: 8964:Caucasian Greeks 8960: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8934: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8837: 8831: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8806: 8789: 8783: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8575: 8569: 8555: 8549: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8507: 8501: 8495: 8486: 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8260: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8179: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8096: 8090: 8075: 8069: 8062:Steinberger 2000 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7989: 7983: 7973: 7967: 7957: 7951: 7941: 7935: 7929: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7840: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7702: 7696: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7679: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7617: 7611: 7601: 7595: 7594:, pp. 1–25. 7589: 7583: 7577: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7546: 7531: 7530: 7523: 7517: 7513: 7511: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7493: 7476: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7426:on 19 June 2006. 7422:. Archived from 7412: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7365: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7332: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7299: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7263: 7252: 7243: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7229: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7197: 7195: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7133: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7012:on 29 March 2014 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6985: 6978: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6944: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6843:on 13 June 2007. 6839:. Archived from 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6773: 6767: 6754: 6738: 6732: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6670: 6669: 6663: 6661: 6646: 6637: 6636: 6621: 6619: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6592:on 19 June 2006. 6578: 6572: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6400:. Archived from 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6328:. Archived from 6322: 6316: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6301: 6290: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6269: 6267: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6208: 6193: 6187: 6176: 6064:Caucasian Greeks 6042: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6021: 5876:Exodus of Greeks 5685:Creation of the 5669: 5668: 5367: 5364: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5247:, Sicilians and 5020:Stavros Niarchos 4987:from the north. 4898:(the so called " 4754:, and socialist 4702:direct democracy 4690: 4683: 4682: 4664:Classical Athens 4647:Church of Greece 4621:features a blue 4566:Byzantine Empire 4556:The flag of the 4520:Nikolas Tombazis 4505:Nicos Poulantzas 4473:Xenophon Zolotas 4463:(contributor to 4451:for work on the 4349:Ioannis Svoronos 4343:(specialised in 4335:(recognised the 4151:Nikos Koundouros 4087:Marika Kotopouli 4021:Emmanuel Rhoides 3962:singers such as 3945:Spyridon Samaras 3847:. Following the 3806:Cinema of Greece 3682:Most Greeks are 3633:Megleno-Romanian 3539:Balkan languages 3488:Greek literature 3452: 3364:Second World War 3306:Saint Petersburg 3292:, Alexandria in 3207:Black sea coasts 3197:(the so-called " 3062:ethnic cleansing 2942: 2941: 2927:(the so-called " 2918: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2886: 2878: 2838:Parian Chronicle 2763: 2762: 2756:Parian Chronicle 2745: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2704:of the northern 2694:appear only once 2684:(Ἀργεῖοι) while 2675: 2650:collective names 2628:Achaeans (Homer) 2589:Byzantine Empire 2521:Byzantine Greeks 2494: 2488: 2487: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2369:was signed. The 2313:Eastern Orthodox 2265: 2263: 2213:crypto-Christian 2029:Byzantine Greeks 2022:Caucasian Greeks 2010:Greeks in Russia 1938:Empire of Nicaea 1936:in 1204. In the 1867: 1865: 1855:Byzantine Empire 1832: 1831: 1817:Gemistos Plethon 1806:Byzantine Empire 1773:Byzantine Greeks 1769:Byzantine Greece 1765:Byzantine empire 1747: 1746: 1392:classical period 1326: 1317: 1308: 1296:Classical Greece 1245:Classical Greece 1167: 1160:Mycenaean Greece 1132:Mycenaean Greece 1112:Balkan peninsula 1086:Anthony D. Smith 949:Byzantine Empire 915:seas, where the 895: 864:southern Albania 845: 836: 828: 827: 824: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 727: 723: 721: 720: 707: 703: 701: 700: 687: 683: 681: 680: 667: 663: 661: 660: 647: 643: 641: 640: 627: 623: 621: 620: 607: 603: 601: 600: 587: 583: 581: 580: 567: 563: 561: 560: 547: 543: 541: 540: 527: 523: 521: 520: 507: 503: 501: 500: 487: 483: 481: 480: 467: 463: 461: 460: 447: 443: 441: 440: 427: 423: 421: 420: 407: 403: 401: 400: 387: 383: 381: 380: 367: 363: 361: 360: 347: 343: 341: 340: 327: 323: 321: 320: 307: 303: 301: 300: 287: 283: 281: 280: 267: 263: 261: 260: 247: 243: 241: 240: 227: 223: 221: 220: 207: 203: 201: 200: 187: 183: 181: 180: 167: 163: 161: 160: 147: 143: 141: 140: 127: 123: 121: 120: 110: 106: 104: 103: 79: 76: 68:Total population 62: 61: 54: 48: 21: 22083: 22082: 22078: 22077: 22076: 22074: 22073: 22072: 22043: 22042: 22041: 22036: 22000: 21950: 21928:Modern Olympics 21879: 21613: 21253: 21210: 21110:Mycenaean Greek 21000: 20644: 20587: 20563:Souliotic songs 20544:Public holidays 20375: 20371:Life expectancy 20332:Muslim minority 20313:names of Greece 20286: 20271: 20208:Merchant Marine 20179:Public pensions 20061: 20040: 20007: 19957:Hellenocentrism 19907: 19828: 19765: 19702: 19651: 19629:Judicial system 19623: 19599:Nationality law 19585: 19549: 19544:Maximos Mansion 19503: 19440: 19419: 19415:Protected areas 19357: 19292: 19215: 18850:Saronic Islands 18796: 18752: 18731: 18611:Ancient regions 18599: 18590:Democratization 18565:Second Republic 18550:National Schism 18487: 18482: 18476: 18400: 18392: 18319:Greek Dark Ages 18310: 18302: 18288:Helladic period 18254: 18242: 18229: 18211: 18205: 18175: 18170: 18079: 18070: 18063: 18056: 18014: 18002: 17995: 17973: 17966: 17959: 17952: 17936: 17900: 17886: 17884: 17846:Wayback Machine 17741:Wayback Machine 17675: 17670: 17669: 17653: 17651: 17644: 17629: 17620: 17618: 17611: 17596: 17590: 17573: 17567: 17552: 17546: 17531: 17525: 17510: 17504: 17487: 17481: 17466: 17460: 17447: 17432: 17417: 17411: 17396: 17390: 17375: 17369: 17354: 17336: 17334: 17327: 17312: 17306: 17286: 17280: 17265: 17256: 17254: 17247: 17232: 17223: 17221: 17209: 17200: 17198: 17191: 17172: 17159: 17152: 17139: 17130: 17128: 17121: 17102: 17087: 17072: 17063: 17061: 17054: 17039: 17033: 17016: 17010: 16993: 16984: 16982: 16975: 16960: 16954: 16939: 16930: 16928: 16921: 16906: 16900: 16885: 16876: 16874: 16867: 16851:Cartledge, Paul 16849: 16840: 16838: 16831: 16816: 16798: 16796: 16789: 16774: 16768: 16751: 16742: 16740: 16733: 16718: 16709: 16707: 16700: 16685: 16655: 16632: 16630: 16623: 16606: 16600: 16584:Mango, Cyril A. 16582: 16573: 16571: 16557: 16551: 16536: 16527: 16525: 16518: 16503: 16489: 16470: 16455: 16451: 16449:Further reading 16446: 16440: 16419: 16398: 16375: 16341: 16320: 16299: 16275: 16273: 16231: 16208: 16187: 16131: 16110: 16086: 16084: 16077: 16056: 16035: 16014: 15966: 15945: 15921: 15919: 15899: 15875: 15854: 15772:10.2307/1291324 15751: 15725: 15723: 15716: 15666: 15643: 15622: 15601: 15580: 15559: 15538: 15506: 15485: 15427: 15404: 15378: 15376: 15369: 15337: 15316: 15295: 15271: 15269: 15253: 15229: 15227: 15220: 15199: 15178: 15155: 15095: 15069: 15067: 15060: 15036: 15034: 15027: 15003: 15001: 14994: 14978:Magdalino, Paul 14970: 14944: 14942: 14935: 14764: 14762: 14755: 14731: 14729: 14722: 14655: 14653: 14646: 14620: 14618: 14611: 14590: 14551:10.2307/3591389 14527: 14525: 14518: 14497: 14473: 14471: 14448: 14446: 14439: 14415: 14413: 14406: 14382: 14380: 14373: 14352: 14329: 14308: 14284: 14282: 14275: 14254: 14233: 14209: 14207: 14200: 14176: 14174: 14167: 14146: 14122: 14120: 14113: 14092: 14078:, eds. (2004). 14067: 14043: 14041: 14034: 14010: 14008: 13952: 13931: 13907: 13905: 13898: 13877: 13858: 13835: 13808: 13806: 13799: 13776: 13755: 13731: 13729: 13711: 13690: 13663: 13661: 13654: 13630: 13628: 13621: 13597: 13573: 13571: 13564: 13490: 13469: 13443: 13419: 13417: 13410: 13386: 13384: 13377: 13361:Cartledge, Paul 13350: 13348: 13341: 13320: 13299: 13278: 13256: 13254: 13247: 13226: 13203: 13180: 13159: 13138: 13115: 13092: 13073: 13052: 13031: 13010: 12989: 12937: 12916: 12895: 12872: 12850: 12848: 12784: 12782: 12775: 12751: 12749: 12742: 12723: 12718: 12708: 12706: 12689: 12685: 12671: 12669: 12652: 12648: 12638: 12636: 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12585: 12581: 12570: 12556: 12552: 12541: 12537: 12530: 12526: 12518: 12514: 12495: 12491: 12459: 12455: 12436: 12432: 12376: 12372: 12334: 12328: 12327:(25). p. 5480; 12314: 12307: 12303: 12268:Eur J Hum Genet 12264: 12260: 12211: 12207: 12162: 12158: 12113: 12109: 12064: 12060: 12021: 12017: 11972: 11968: 11922: 11918: 11911: 11891: 11887: 11848: 11844: 11791: 11787: 11742:Current Biology 11734: 11730: 11723: 11719: 11709: 11707: 11700:iias.huji.ac.il 11694: 11693: 11689: 11684:Wayback Machine 11674: 11669: 11665: 11655: 11653: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11615:National Review 11607: 11603: 11591: 11587: 11575:, p. 124; 11567: 11563: 11551: 11547: 11538: 11534: 11524: 11522: 11509: 11508: 11504: 11496: 11492: 11484: 11480: 11470: 11468: 11467:on 22 July 2018 11455: 11454: 11441: 11433: 11426: 11417: 11413: 11404: 11400: 11391: 11387: 11370: 11366: 11356: 11354: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11328: 11324: 11314: 11312: 11299: 11298: 11294: 11284: 11282: 11269: 11268: 11264: 11256: 11252: 11242: 11240: 11235:. 6 July 2006. 11227: 11226: 11222: 11214: 11210: 11200: 11198: 11183: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11151: 11150: 11146: 11134: 11130: 11120: 11118: 11105: 11104: 11100: 11092: 11085: 11077: 11073: 11065: 11061: 11057:, pp. 1–3. 11053: 11046: 11038: 11027: 11021: 11017: 11007: 11005: 10992: 10991: 10987: 10977: 10975: 10958: 10954: 10944: 10942: 10927: 10923: 10913: 10911: 10902: 10901: 10897: 10889: 10885: 10877: 10873: 10865: 10861: 10853: 10849: 10832: 10828: 10818: 10816: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10777: 10776: 10772: 10764:, p. 393; 10752: 10748: 10740: 10729: 10725: 10724: 10720: 10708: 10701: 10691: 10689: 10674: 10670: 10660: 10658: 10643: 10639: 10629: 10627: 10612: 10608: 10600: 10596: 10588: 10584: 10576: 10569: 10561: 10554: 10548:Calotychos 2003 10546: 10542: 10534: 10530: 10522: 10515: 10505: 10503: 10494: 10493: 10489: 10479: 10477: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10446:on 21 July 2011 10438: 10437: 10433: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10410: 10400: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10364: 10360: 10352: 10348: 10338: 10336: 10335:on 17 June 2008 10321: 10317: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10265: 10263: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10196: 10192: 10182: 10180: 10167: 10166: 10157: 10150: 10137: 10136: 10127: 10117: 10115: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10087: 10085: 10076: 10075: 10071: 10061: 10059: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10031: 10029: 10025: 10018: 10016: 10012: 10011: 10007: 10000: 9991: 9972: 9965: 9957: 9953: 9945: 9941: 9930: 9926: 9918: 9914: 9906: 9895: 9887: 9883: 9875: 9864: 9853: 9849: 9842: 9828: 9824: 9811: 9807: 9798: 9794: 9782: 9778: 9772:Wayback Machine 9758: 9751: 9740: 9736: 9730:Wayback Machine 9721: 9714: 9703: 9699: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9671: 9663: 9659: 9646: 9642: 9635: 9621: 9617: 9609: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9576: 9572: 9564: 9560: 9551: 9547: 9533: 9529: 9521: 9517: 9505:, p. 268; 9499:Finkelberg 2012 9497: 9493: 9485: 9481: 9472: 9468: 9460: 9456: 9446:Wayback Machine 9437: 9433: 9423: 9421: 9405: 9401: 9392: 9388: 9378:Wayback Machine 9369: 9365: 9355:Wayback Machine 9346: 9342: 9334: 9330: 9322: 9318: 9310:, p. 177; 9300:Barutciski 2003 9298: 9294: 9286: 9279: 9275: 9274: 9270: 9260: 9259: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9225: 9224: 9220: 9205: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9126: 9122: 9114: 9103: 9093: 9091: 9078: 9077: 9073: 9063: 9061: 9048: 9047: 9043: 9035: 9031: 9021: 9019: 9006: 9005: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8978: 8974: 8961: 8957: 8949: 8945: 8932: 8930: 8923: 8907: 8903: 8896: 8880: 8876: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8838: 8834: 8822: 8818: 8808: 8807: 8792: 8784: 8777: 8771:Finkelberg 2012 8769: 8765: 8759:Stouraitis 2014 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8734: 8718: 8714: 8704: 8702: 8687: 8683: 8679:, pp. 86–7 8675: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8651: 8647: 8633: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8609: 8602: 8592: 8590: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8556: 8552: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8508: 8504: 8496: 8489: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8436: 8432: 8424: 8420: 8412: 8408: 8400: 8396: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8359: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8287: 8277: 8275: 8262: 8261: 8254: 8250:, Introduction. 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8215: 8211: 8203: 8196: 8188: 8177: 8171: 8167: 8163:, p. xiii. 8159: 8155: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8114: 8112: 8097: 8093: 8076: 8072: 8060: 8056: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7990: 7986: 7976:Burckhardt 1999 7974: 7970: 7962:, p. 235; 7958: 7954: 7942: 7938: 7930: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7857: 7855: 7842: 7841: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7775: 7771: 7763: 7759: 7751: 7747: 7739: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7712: 7708: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7602: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7547: 7534: 7524: 7515: 7514: 7505: 7504: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7474: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7436: 7435: 7431: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7396: 7394: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7363: 7361: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7330: 7328: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7297: 7295: 7282: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7250: 7245: 7244: 7240: 7227: 7225: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7193: 7191: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7163: 7161: 7148: 7147: 7143: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7108: 7106: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7075: 7073: 7068:. 9 July 2013. 7060: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6957: 6955: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6931: 6929: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6901: 6899: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6868: 6866: 6861:. 9 July 2013. 6853: 6852: 6848: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6790: 6788: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6763:Wayback Machine 6750:Wayback Machine 6739: 6735: 6722: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6682:Bellinello 1998 6680: 6673: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6640: 6617: 6615: 6610:. 9 July 2013. 6602: 6601: 6597: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6570: 6566: 6556: 6554: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6467: 6465: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6374:on 4 March 2016 6362: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6332:on 12 June 2018 6324: 6323: 6319: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6265: 6263: 6262:on 16 July 2016 6250: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6194: 6190: 6177: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6024: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6009: 5923:sovereign state 5890:Greek community 5872:Istanbul pogrom 5821:Greek Civil War 5808:Greek community 5791:Axis occupation 5644: 5532:Ptolemaic Egypt 5524:Rise of Macedon 5499:Athenian Empire 5431:Greek Dark Ages 5425:11th century BC 5411:14th century BC 5398:15th century BC 5380:16th century BC 5365: 5335: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5286: 5285: 5277: 5276: 5265: 5181: 5088: 5044: 5034: 5028: 5010:, others being 4996:Napoleonic Wars 4994:and during the 4881: 4875: 4791:nominative case 4774: 4764: 4661: 4655: 4600:Turkish Cypriot 4588:Greek Orthodoxy 4542: 4536: 4445:John Iliopoulos 4353:Leonidas Zervas 4228: 4202: 4194:George Candilis 4115:Thanasis Veggos 4091:Melina Mercouri 4045:Petros Markaris 4010:Odysseas Elytis 4006:Giorgos Seferis 4003:Nobel laureates 3968:Giorgos Dalaras 3893:in the West to 3822: 3816: 3790:Music of Greece 3782: 3764:, while in the 3753:congregations. 3719:Roman Catholics 3659: 3651:Main articles: 3649: 3496:Greek Dark Ages 3476:Graeco-Armenian 3454:A Greek speaker 3441: 3431: 3423:Main articles: 3421: 3397: 3391: 3368:Greek Civil War 3251: 3243:Griko community 3203:south of France 3201:"), Spain, the 3183: 3177: 3101: 3095: 3030: 3022:Main articles: 3020: 2979:Greek Dark Ages 2963: 2862: 2766:Greek mythology 2719: 2715: 2692:(Ἕλληνες) both 2634: 2626:Main articles: 2624: 2531:("Greeks") and 2492:ḗthea homótropa 2396:Hermes o Logios 2387: 2331: 2321: 2260: 2233:Greek Macedonia 2189:Orthodox Church 2138:Northern Greece 2134:Greek Macedonia 2108:, particularly 2086: 2078:Main articles: 2076: 1942:Pope Gregory IX 1870:Catholic Church 1862: 1783: 1761: 1683: 1673: 1603:Hellenistic age 1559:Seleucid Empire 1539: 1531:Main articles: 1529: 1445:Hellenistic Age 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1319: 1318: 1310: 1309: 1298: 1292: 1237:Greek Dark Ages 1233:Dorian invasion 1221:Dorian invasion 1178:syllabic script 1162: 1156: 1144:Late Bronze Age 1136:Dorian invasion 1108: 1094: 1044: 1038: 1030:Christian Bible 925:Greek peninsula 802: 798: 778: 776: 771:Approx. 60,000 770: 764: 762: 760: 718: 716: 698: 696: 678: 676: 658: 656: 638: 636: 618: 616: 598: 596: 578: 576: 558: 556: 538: 536: 518: 516: 498: 496: 478: 476: 458: 456: 438: 436: 418: 416: 398: 396: 378: 376: 358: 356: 338: 336: 318: 316: 298: 296: 278: 276: 258: 256: 238: 236: 218: 216: 198: 196: 178: 176: 158: 156: 138: 136: 129: 118: 116: 114: 112: 111: 9,903,268 101: 99: 77: 63: 51: 47: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 22081: 22071: 22070: 22065: 22060: 22055: 22038: 22037: 22035: 22034: 22024: 22013: 22010: 22009: 22006: 22005: 22002: 22001: 21999: 21998: 21993: 21988: 21983: 21978: 21969: 21964: 21958: 21956: 21952: 21951: 21949: 21948: 21943: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21905: 21900: 21895: 21889: 21887: 21881: 21880: 21878: 21877: 21875:Wayside shrine 21872: 21867: 21862: 21857: 21852: 21847: 21842: 21837: 21775: 21770: 21765: 21760: 21758:Kallikantzaros 21755: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21730: 21725: 21707: 21702: 21697: 21659: 21654: 21649: 21644: 21639: 21636:Modern Revival 21624: 21622: 21615: 21614: 21612: 21611: 21601: 21596: 21501:Byzantine lyra 21482: 21472: 21467: 21462: 21420: 21415: 21380:Rougatsiarikos 21269: 21263: 21261: 21255: 21254: 21252: 21251: 21246: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21226: 21220: 21218: 21212: 21211: 21209: 21208: 21206:Words for love 21203: 21198: 21189: 21147: 21129: 21122:Medieval Greek 21103: 21098: 21051:Greek language 21048: 21014:Greek alphabet 21010: 21008: 21002: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20924: 20905: 20900: 20881: 20863: 20848: 20843: 20833: 20818:Galaktoboureko 20803: 20761: 20722: 20720:List of dishes 20717: 20678: 20654: 20652: 20646: 20645: 20643: 20642: 20637: 20627: 20617: 20608: 20597: 20595: 20589: 20588: 20586: 20585: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20560: 20558:Rouketopolemos 20555: 20541: 20536: 20534:Plate smashing 20531: 20522: 20517: 20515:Naming customs 20512: 20507: 20502: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20406: 20401: 20396: 20391: 20385: 20383: 20377: 20376: 20374: 20373: 20368: 20363: 20325: 20320: 20306: 20300: 20298: 20288: 20287: 20277: 20276: 20273: 20272: 20270: 20269: 20264: 20249:Transportation 20246: 20241: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20211: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20181: 20176: 20171: 20166: 20161: 20156: 20151: 20146: 20132: 20127: 20117: 20114:electric power 20107: 20102: 20097: 20087: 20077: 20072: 20066: 20063: 20062: 20050: 20049: 20046: 20045: 20042: 20041: 20039: 20038: 20033: 20031:Regional units 20028: 20023: 20017: 20015: 20009: 20008: 20006: 20005: 20000: 19986: 19968: 19950: 19936: 19926: 19915: 19913: 19909: 19908: 19906: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19857: 19847: 19842: 19836: 19834: 19830: 19829: 19827: 19826: 19821: 19819:National Guard 19816: 19806: 19801: 19799:Military ranks 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19775: 19773: 19767: 19766: 19764: 19763: 19761:United Nations 19758: 19753: 19748: 19743: 19733: 19731:European Union 19728: 19723: 19721:Cyprus dispute 19718: 19716:Aegean dispute 19712: 19710: 19704: 19703: 19701: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19659: 19657: 19653: 19652: 19650: 19649: 19644: 19642:Court of Audit 19639: 19633: 19631: 19625: 19624: 19622: 19621: 19616: 19614:Pasokification 19611: 19606: 19601: 19595: 19593: 19587: 19586: 19584: 19583: 19578: 19573: 19563: 19557: 19555: 19551: 19550: 19548: 19547: 19540:Prime Minister 19537: 19527: 19517: 19511: 19509: 19505: 19504: 19502: 19501: 19496: 19470: 19454: 19452: 19442: 19441: 19429: 19428: 19425: 19424: 19421: 19420: 19418: 19417: 19412: 19410:National Parks 19407: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19373: 19367: 19365: 19359: 19358: 19356: 19355: 19350: 19345: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19302: 19300: 19294: 19293: 19291: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19257: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19223: 19221: 19217: 19216: 19214: 19213: 19195: 19169: 19135: 19109: 19047: 19016:Ionian Islands 19013: 18991: 18925: 18875: 18853: 18810:Central Greece 18806: 18804: 18798: 18797: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18787:Extreme points 18784: 18770: 18764: 18762: 18754: 18753: 18741: 18740: 18737: 18736: 18733: 18732: 18730: 18729: 18724: 18719: 18714: 18700: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18676: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18626: 18624:Ottoman Greeks 18617: 18607: 18605: 18601: 18600: 18598: 18597: 18595:Third Republic 18592: 18587: 18585:Military junta 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18530:First Republic 18527: 18522: 18517: 18512: 18510:Ottoman Greece 18507: 18492: 18490: 18478: 18477: 18475: 18474: 18469: 18456: 18451: 18449:Fourth Crusade 18446: 18441: 18436: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18405: 18403: 18394: 18393: 18391: 18390: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18355: 18350: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18329:Archaic period 18326: 18321: 18315: 18313: 18304: 18303: 18301: 18300: 18295: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18259: 18257: 18244: 18243: 18231: 18230: 18228: 18227: 18222: 18216: 18213: 18212: 18204: 18203: 18196: 18189: 18181: 18172: 18171: 18169: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18098: 18093: 18087: 18085: 18081: 18080: 18078: 18077: 18076: 18075: 18072:Western Thrace 18068: 18061: 18051: 18046: 18041: 18039:Romaniote Jews 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18020: 18019: 18009: 18008: 18007: 18000: 17990: 17985: 17980: 17979: 17978: 17971: 17964: 17961:Cham Albanians 17957: 17944: 17942: 17938: 17937: 17935: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17919: 17914: 17908: 17906: 17902: 17901: 17883: 17882: 17875: 17868: 17860: 17854: 17853: 17848: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17811: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17779: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17753: 17747: 17745:Greek Diaspora 17725: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17688: 17687: 17674: 17673:External links 17671: 17666: 17665: 17661: 17660: 17642: 17627: 17609: 17594: 17588: 17571: 17565: 17550: 17544: 17529: 17523: 17508: 17502: 17485: 17479: 17464: 17458: 17444: 17443: 17437: 17436: 17430: 17415: 17409: 17394: 17388: 17373: 17367: 17351: 17350: 17348:Ottoman Greeks 17344: 17343: 17325: 17310: 17304: 17284: 17278: 17263: 17245: 17230: 17207: 17189: 17169: 17168: 17161: 17157: 17156: 17150: 17137: 17119: 17099: 17098: 17092: 17091: 17085: 17070: 17052: 17037: 17031: 17014: 17008: 16991: 16973: 16958: 16952: 16937: 16919: 16904: 16898: 16883: 16865: 16847: 16829: 16813: 16812: 16806: 16805: 16787: 16772: 16766: 16749: 16731: 16716: 16698: 16683: 16662: 16652: 16651: 16641: 16640: 16639: 16621: 16604: 16598: 16580: 16555: 16549: 16534: 16516: 16501: 16487: 16474: 16468: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16444: 16438: 16423: 16417: 16402: 16396: 16379: 16373: 16356: 16345: 16339: 16324: 16318: 16303: 16297: 16282: 16235: 16229: 16212: 16206: 16191: 16185: 16167: 16135: 16129: 16114: 16108: 16093: 16075: 16060: 16054: 16039: 16033: 16018: 16012: 15997: 15985:(1): 175–220. 15970: 15964: 15949: 15943: 15928: 15903: 15897: 15879: 15873: 15858: 15852: 15837: 15801:(2): 290–303. 15784: 15755: 15749: 15732: 15714: 15705:The Mycenaeans 15699: 15670: 15664: 15647: 15641: 15626: 15620: 15605: 15599: 15584: 15578: 15563: 15557: 15542: 15536: 15519: 15510: 15504: 15489: 15483: 15468: 15442:(3): 237–257. 15431: 15425: 15408: 15402: 15385: 15367: 15350: 15341: 15335: 15320: 15314: 15299: 15293: 15278: 15268:on 20 May 2016 15257: 15251: 15236: 15218: 15203: 15197: 15182: 15176: 15159: 15153: 15136: 15116:10.2307/750662 15099: 15093: 15076: 15058: 15043: 15025: 15010: 14992: 14974: 14968: 14951: 14933: 14916: 14906:(3): 393–433. 14895: 14832: 14771: 14753: 14738: 14720: 14703: 14662: 14644: 14627: 14609: 14594: 14588: 14571: 14534: 14516: 14501: 14495: 14480: 14455: 14437: 14422: 14404: 14389: 14371: 14356: 14350: 14333: 14327: 14312: 14306: 14291: 14273: 14258: 14252: 14237: 14231: 14216: 14198: 14183: 14165: 14150: 14144: 14129: 14111: 14096: 14090: 14071: 14065: 14050: 14032: 14017: 13956: 13950: 13935: 13929: 13914: 13896: 13881: 13875: 13862: 13856: 13839: 13833: 13819:Foltz, Richard 13815: 13797: 13780: 13774: 13759: 13753: 13738: 13715: 13709: 13694: 13688: 13670: 13652: 13637: 13619: 13607:, ed. (2011). 13601: 13595: 13580: 13562: 13547: 13494: 13488: 13473: 13467: 13451:Chadwick, John 13447: 13441: 13426: 13408: 13399:The Mycenaeans 13393: 13375: 13357: 13339: 13330:The Byzantines 13324: 13318: 13303: 13297: 13282: 13276: 13263: 13245: 13230: 13224: 13207: 13201: 13184: 13178: 13163: 13157: 13142: 13136: 13119: 13114:978-0415349550 13113: 13096: 13090: 13077: 13071: 13056: 13050: 13035: 13029: 13014: 13008: 12993: 12987: 12970: 12941: 12935: 12920: 12914: 12899: 12893: 12876: 12870: 12857: 12835:(3): 195–204. 12820: 12791: 12773: 12758: 12740: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12716: 12683: 12646: 12613: 12579: 12569:978-1589832688 12568: 12550: 12535: 12524: 12512: 12489: 12453: 12430: 12393:(5): 637–645. 12370: 12301: 12258: 12205: 12182:10.1086/512822 12176:(4): 759–768. 12156: 12107: 12084:10.1086/342930 12058: 12015: 11966: 11943:10.1086/513477 11937:(5): 948–956. 11916: 11910:978-0691029054 11909: 11885: 11858:(3): 259–268. 11842: 11785: 11728: 11717: 11687: 11663: 11632: 11601: 11585: 11561: 11545: 11532: 11502: 11500:, p. xii. 11490: 11478: 11439: 11437:, p. 237. 11424: 11411: 11398: 11385: 11364: 11334: 11322: 11292: 11262: 11258:Papadakis 1995 11250: 11220: 11218:, p. 189. 11208: 11185:Bump, Jerome. 11174: 11144: 11128: 11098: 11083: 11071: 11059: 11044: 11015: 10985: 10952: 10921: 10895: 10893:, p. 160. 10883: 10881:, p. 703. 10871: 10867:Mackridge 1990 10859: 10847: 10826: 10800: 10770: 10754:Bjørnlund 2008 10746: 10718: 10699: 10668: 10637: 10620:Greek Reporter 10606: 10594: 10582: 10567: 10552: 10540: 10528: 10513: 10487: 10457: 10431: 10389: 10358: 10346: 10315: 10277: 10246: 10226: 10214: 10190: 10155: 10148: 10125: 10095: 10069: 10048:"CIA Factbook" 10039: 10005: 9989: 9963: 9951: 9939: 9931:Anna Comnena. 9924: 9912: 9893: 9881: 9862: 9847: 9840: 9822: 9805: 9792: 9776: 9749: 9734: 9712: 9697: 9681: 9669: 9665:Cartledge 2011 9657: 9640: 9633: 9615: 9611:Patterson 1998 9603: 9591: 9570: 9568:, p. 277. 9558: 9545: 9527: 9525:, p. 284. 9515: 9509:, p. 12; 9501:, p. 20; 9491: 9489:, p. xii. 9479: 9466: 9454: 9431: 9399: 9386: 9363: 9340: 9328: 9316: 9302:, p. 28; 9292: 9268: 9248: 9218: 9203: 9183: 9168:(in Turkish). 9153: 9135: 9120: 9101: 9071: 9041: 9029: 8996: 8984: 8982:, p. xxi. 8972: 8955: 8943: 8921: 8901: 8894: 8874: 8862: 8832: 8830:, p. 127. 8826:, p. 65, 8816: 8790: 8775: 8763: 8751: 8732: 8712: 8681: 8669: 8657: 8645: 8627: 8615: 8600: 8570: 8566:Magdalino 1991 8560:, p. 96; 8550: 8526: 8524:, p. 148. 8514: 8502: 8487: 8475: 8471:Kaldellis 2007 8463: 8430: 8428:, p. 206. 8418: 8416:, p. 158. 8406: 8404:, p. 500. 8394: 8382: 8352: 8350:, p. 136. 8340: 8328: 8316: 8304: 8285: 8252: 8240: 8209: 8194: 8165: 8153: 8138: 8126: 8091: 8070: 8064:, p. 17; 8054: 8042: 8012: 8000: 7984: 7968: 7966:, p. 156. 7960:Castleden 2005 7952: 7948:Podzuweit 1982 7936: 7932:Castleden 2005 7921: 7919:, p. 176. 7909: 7897: 7893:Panayotou 2007 7889:Schofield 2006 7887:, p. 28; 7877: 7875:, p. 228. 7873:Castleden 2005 7865: 7832: 7820: 7813:"The Greeks". 7805: 7793: 7781: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7721: 7706: 7697: 7688: 7671: 7651: 7632: 7612: 7596: 7584: 7565: 7553: 7532: 7483: 7455: 7429: 7407: 7374: 7341: 7308: 7275: 7238: 7205: 7171: 7141: 7120: 7086: 7053: 7023: 6997: 6965: 6939: 6922:"CBS Statline" 6913: 6879: 6846: 6828: 6802: 6768: 6733: 6729:978-0415456531 6716: 6697:a few thousand 6686: 6671: 6638: 6595: 6573: 6564: 6534: 6504: 6478: 6445: 6415: 6385: 6355: 6343: 6317: 6277: 6243: 6231: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6188: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6152:List of Greeks 6149: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6104:Cretan Muslims 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6074:Greek Diaspora 6071: 6069:Greek Cypriots 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6029: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5902:Arab socialist 5886: 5880: 5879: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5789:caused by the 5783: 5777: 5776: 5773:Western Thrace 5761:Constantinople 5754: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5718:Ottoman Greeks 5714:Greek genocide 5711: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5655:Greek diaspora 5651:Ottoman Empire 5647: 5643:15th century – 5639: 5638: 5631:Fourth Crusade 5627: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5596:Cypriot Greeks 5577: 5571: 5570: 5567:Constantinople 5560: 5558:4th century AD 5554: 5553: 5542: 5540:2nd century BC 5536: 5535: 5526:; Campaign of 5516: 5514:4th century BC 5510: 5509: 5487: 5485:5th century BC 5481: 5480: 5477: 5475:6th century BC 5471: 5470: 5459: 5457:8th century BC 5453: 5452: 5445: 5443:9th century BC 5439: 5438: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5369: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5344: 5334: 5331: 5298: 5297: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5249:Ashkenazi Jews 5245:Peloponneseans 5200:with Western ( 5194:Cavalli-Sforza 5179: 5086: 5072:archaeogenetic 5027: 5024: 5012:Yiannis Latsis 4896:Southern Italy 4879:Greek shipping 4877:Main article: 4874: 4871: 4839:Ionian Islands 4815:Mani Peninsula 4763: 4760: 4654: 4651: 4639:Eastern Europe 4604:flag of Cyprus 4602:minority (see 4592:Greek Cypriots 4574:flag of Greece 4540:Flag of Greece 4535: 4532: 4524:Alec Issigonis 4491:); historians 4479:); Indologist 4455:); astronomer 4401:Joseph Sifakis 4389:World Wide Web 4365:K. C. Nicolaou 4333:Valerios Stais 4275:Constantinople 4255:historiography 4201: 4198: 4174:Panagis Kalkos 4119:Manos Katrakis 4107:Alexis Minotis 4103:Katina Paxinou 4072: 4071: 4048: 4033:Penelope Delta 4015:the novelists 4013: 3985:poets such as 3983: 3976:Vicky Leandros 3972:Nana Mouskouri 3960: 3949:Iannis Xenakis 3937: 3918:Nikolaos Gyzis 3781: 3778: 3739:Sephardic Jews 3648: 3645: 3500:Greek alphabet 3460:Greek language 3425:Greek language 3420: 3417: 3405:Ottoman Greeks 3393:Main article: 3390: 3387: 3269:, a native of 3250: 3247: 3195:Southern Italy 3176: 3173: 3099:Greek diaspora 3097:Main article: 3094: 3091: 3087:Greek Diaspora 3050:British Empire 3019: 3016: 2996:Constantinople 2962: 2959: 2925:southern Italy 2861: 2858: 2847: 2792:as an area in 2788:names ancient 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2647: 2623: 2620: 2577:Greek diaspora 2573:Ottoman Empire 2505:Greek language 2497: 2496: 2477: 2454: 2435: 2386: 2383: 2371:Greek genocide 2354:Greek Orthodox 2320: 2317: 2268:Gülbahar Hatun 2257:Selim the Grim 2209:Russian Empire 2169:Ottoman Empire 2142:Constantinople 2130:Western Thrace 2126:Ottoman Empire 2114:Central Europe 2100:Following the 2080:Ottoman Greeks 2075: 2074:Ottoman Empire 2072: 2006:South Caucasus 1982:Russian Empire 1978:Greek Orthodox 1934:Fourth Crusade 1880:, king of the 1843:Greek language 1791:Constantinople 1777:Fourth Crusade 1760: 1757: 1672: 1669: 1661:Chinese people 1649:Greco-Buddhism 1645:Greco-Bactrian 1528: 1525: 1331: 1330: 1321: 1320: 1312: 1311: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1294:Main article: 1291: 1288: 1158:Main article: 1155: 1152: 1093: 1090: 1074:Greek language 1037: 1034: 1008:Greek language 996:Greek diaspora 980:Greek genocide 973:Constantinople 945:Constantinople 943:, Cyprus, and 917:Greek language 785: 784: 757: 756: 754:Greek Orthodox 749: 748: 744: 743: 737: 736: 732: 731: 728: 712: 711: 708: 692: 691: 688: 672: 671: 668: 652: 651: 648: 632: 631: 628: 612: 611: 608: 592: 591: 588: 585:Czech Republic 572: 571: 568: 552: 551: 548: 532: 531: 528: 512: 511: 508: 492: 491: 488: 472: 471: 468: 452: 451: 448: 432: 431: 428: 412: 411: 408: 392: 391: 388: 372: 371: 368: 352: 351: 348: 332: 331: 328: 312: 311: 308: 292: 291: 288: 272: 271: 268: 252: 251: 248: 232: 231: 228: 212: 211: 208: 205:United Kingdom 192: 191: 188: 172: 171: 168: 152: 151: 148: 132: 131: 95: 94: 90: 89: 70: 69: 65: 64: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22080: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22054: 22051: 22050: 22048: 22033: 22029: 22025: 22023: 22015: 22014: 22011: 21997: 21994: 21992: 21989: 21987: 21984: 21982: 21979: 21977: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21959: 21957: 21953: 21947: 21944: 21941: 21937: 21933: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21890: 21888: 21886: 21882: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21848: 21846: 21845:Protestantism 21843: 21841: 21838: 21835: 21831: 21827: 21823: 21819: 21815: 21811: 21807: 21803: 21799: 21795: 21791: 21787: 21783: 21779: 21776: 21774: 21771: 21769: 21766: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21756: 21753: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21723: 21719: 21715: 21711: 21708: 21706: 21703: 21701: 21698: 21695: 21691: 21687: 21683: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21667: 21663: 21660: 21658: 21655: 21653: 21650: 21648: 21645: 21643: 21640: 21637: 21633: 21629: 21626: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21616: 21609: 21605: 21602: 21600: 21597: 21594: 21590: 21586: 21582: 21578: 21574: 21570: 21566: 21562: 21558: 21554: 21550: 21546: 21542: 21538: 21534: 21530: 21526: 21522: 21518: 21514: 21510: 21506: 21502: 21498: 21494: 21490: 21486: 21483: 21480: 21476: 21473: 21471: 21470:Ionian School 21468: 21466: 21463: 21460: 21456: 21452: 21448: 21447:Peloponnesian 21444: 21440: 21436: 21432: 21428: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21413: 21409: 21405: 21401: 21397: 21393: 21389: 21385: 21381: 21377: 21373: 21369: 21365: 21361: 21357: 21353: 21349: 21345: 21341: 21337: 21333: 21329: 21325: 21321: 21317: 21313: 21309: 21305: 21301: 21297: 21293: 21289: 21285: 21281: 21277: 21273: 21270: 21268: 21265: 21264: 21262: 21260: 21256: 21250: 21247: 21245: 21244:Media freedom 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21230: 21227: 21225: 21222: 21221: 21219: 21217: 21213: 21207: 21204: 21202: 21199: 21197: 21193: 21190: 21187: 21183: 21179: 21175: 21171: 21167: 21166:Balkan Romani 21163: 21159: 21155: 21151: 21148: 21145: 21141: 21137: 21133: 21130: 21127: 21123: 21119: 21115: 21114:Ancient Greek 21111: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21096: 21092: 21088: 21084: 21080: 21076: 21072: 21068: 21064: 21060: 21056: 21052: 21049: 21047: 21043: 21039: 21035: 21034:Cyrillization 21031: 21027: 21023: 21019: 21015: 21012: 21011: 21009: 21007: 21003: 20996: 20992: 20988: 20984: 20980: 20976: 20972: 20968: 20964: 20960: 20956: 20952: 20948: 20944: 20940: 20936: 20932: 20928: 20925: 20922: 20918: 20914: 20910: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20898: 20894: 20890: 20886: 20882: 20879: 20875: 20871: 20867: 20864: 20861: 20857: 20853: 20849: 20847: 20844: 20841: 20837: 20834: 20831: 20827: 20823: 20819: 20815: 20811: 20807: 20804: 20801: 20797: 20793: 20789: 20785: 20781: 20777: 20773: 20769: 20765: 20762: 20759: 20758:Frappé coffee 20755: 20751: 20747: 20743: 20739: 20735: 20731: 20727: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20715: 20711: 20707: 20703: 20699: 20695: 20691: 20687: 20683: 20679: 20676: 20672: 20668: 20664: 20660: 20656: 20655: 20653: 20651: 20647: 20641: 20640:Religious art 20638: 20635: 20631: 20628: 20625: 20621: 20618: 20616: 20612: 20609: 20606: 20602: 20599: 20598: 20596: 20594: 20590: 20584: 20581: 20579: 20576: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20566: 20564: 20561: 20559: 20556: 20553: 20549: 20545: 20542: 20540: 20537: 20535: 20532: 20530: 20529:Hellenophobia 20526: 20525:Philhellenism 20523: 20521: 20518: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20506: 20503: 20500: 20496: 20492: 20488: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20480:Hellenization 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20455:Eastern Party 20453: 20450: 20446: 20442: 20438: 20434: 20433:Mariner's cap 20430: 20426: 20422: 20418: 20414: 20410: 20407: 20405: 20402: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20386: 20384: 20382: 20378: 20372: 20369: 20367: 20364: 20361: 20357: 20353: 20349: 20345: 20341: 20337: 20333: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20318: 20314: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20301: 20299: 20297: 20293: 20289: 20282: 20278: 20268: 20265: 20262: 20258: 20254: 20250: 20247: 20245: 20242: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20209: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20189: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20170: 20167: 20165: 20162: 20160: 20157: 20155: 20152: 20150: 20147: 20144: 20140: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20125: 20121: 20118: 20115: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20098: 20095: 20091: 20088: 20085: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20067: 20064: 20060: 20055: 20051: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20024: 20022: 20019: 20018: 20016: 20014: 20010: 20004: 20001: 19998: 19994: 19990: 19987: 19984: 19980: 19976: 19972: 19969: 19966: 19962: 19958: 19954: 19951: 19948: 19944: 19943:Republicanism 19940: 19937: 19934: 19930: 19927: 19924: 19920: 19917: 19916: 19914: 19910: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19873: 19869: 19865: 19861: 19858: 19855: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19837: 19835: 19833:Social issues 19831: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19814: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19776: 19774: 19772: 19768: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19741: 19737: 19734: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19713: 19711: 19709: 19705: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19683: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19660: 19658: 19654: 19648: 19647:Supreme Court 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19634: 19632: 19630: 19626: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19596: 19594: 19592: 19588: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19571: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19558: 19556: 19552: 19545: 19541: 19538: 19535: 19531: 19528: 19525: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19512: 19510: 19506: 19500: 19497: 19494: 19490: 19486: 19482: 19478: 19474: 19473:Constitutions 19471: 19468: 19464: 19460: 19456: 19455: 19453: 19451: 19447: 19443: 19439: 19434: 19430: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19381: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19368: 19366: 19364: 19360: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19343: 19339: 19335: 19331: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19303: 19301: 19299: 19295: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19273: 19269: 19265: 19261: 19258: 19255: 19251: 19247: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19224: 19222: 19218: 19211: 19207: 19203: 19199: 19196: 19193: 19189: 19185: 19181: 19177: 19173: 19170: 19167: 19163: 19159: 19155: 19151: 19147: 19143: 19139: 19136: 19133: 19129: 19125: 19121: 19117: 19113: 19110: 19107: 19103: 19099: 19095: 19091: 19087: 19083: 19079: 19075: 19071: 19067: 19063: 19059: 19055: 19051: 19048: 19045: 19041: 19037: 19033: 19029: 19025: 19021: 19017: 19014: 19011: 19007: 19003: 18999: 18995: 18992: 18989: 18985: 18981: 18977: 18973: 18969: 18965: 18961: 18957: 18953: 18949: 18945: 18941: 18937: 18933: 18929: 18926: 18923: 18919: 18915: 18911: 18907: 18903: 18899: 18895: 18891: 18887: 18883: 18879: 18876: 18873: 18869: 18865: 18861: 18857: 18854: 18851: 18847: 18843: 18839: 18835: 18831: 18827: 18823: 18819: 18815: 18811: 18808: 18807: 18805: 18803: 18799: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18782: 18778: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18765: 18763: 18759: 18755: 18751: 18746: 18742: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18718: 18715: 18712: 18708: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18669:Greek Muslims 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18649: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18612: 18609: 18608: 18606: 18602: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18526: 18523: 18521: 18518: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18505: 18501: 18497: 18494: 18493: 18491: 18486: 18479: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18464: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18450: 18447: 18445: 18442: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18407: 18406: 18404: 18399: 18395: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18351: 18349: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18316: 18314: 18309: 18305: 18299: 18296: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18263:Neolithic Age 18261: 18260: 18258: 18255:(pre-1100 BC) 18253: 18249: 18245: 18241: 18236: 18232: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18214: 18209: 18202: 18197: 18195: 18190: 18188: 18183: 18182: 18179: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18097: 18094: 18092: 18089: 18088: 18086: 18082: 18073: 18069: 18066: 18062: 18059: 18055: 18054: 18052: 18050: 18047: 18045: 18044:Sephardi Jews 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18022: 18017: 18013: 18012: 18010: 18005: 18001: 17998: 17994: 17993: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17984: 17981: 17976: 17972: 17969: 17965: 17962: 17958: 17955: 17951: 17950: 17949: 17946: 17945: 17943: 17939: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17903: 17899: 17895: 17894:Ethnic groups 17890: 17881: 17876: 17874: 17869: 17867: 17862: 17861: 17858: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17843: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17821: 17818: 17817: 17816: 17815: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17785: 17784: 17783: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17766: 17762: 17761:North America 17758: 17754: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17742: 17738: 17735: 17732: 17731: 17730: 17729: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17694: 17693: 17692: 17685: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17679: 17664: 17649: 17645: 17639: 17635: 17634: 17628: 17616: 17612: 17606: 17602: 17601: 17595: 17591: 17585: 17580: 17579: 17572: 17568: 17562: 17558: 17557: 17551: 17547: 17541: 17537: 17536: 17530: 17526: 17520: 17516: 17515: 17509: 17505: 17499: 17494: 17493: 17486: 17482: 17476: 17472: 17471: 17465: 17461: 17455: 17451: 17446: 17445: 17442: 17441:Modern Greeks 17439: 17438: 17433: 17427: 17423: 17422: 17416: 17412: 17406: 17402: 17401: 17395: 17391: 17385: 17381: 17380: 17374: 17370: 17364: 17360: 17359: 17353: 17352: 17349: 17346: 17345: 17332: 17328: 17322: 17318: 17317: 17311: 17307: 17301: 17297: 17296:Edward Arnold 17293: 17289: 17285: 17281: 17275: 17271: 17270: 17264: 17252: 17248: 17242: 17238: 17237: 17231: 17219: 17215: 17214: 17208: 17196: 17192: 17186: 17182: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17170: 17167: 17164: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17153: 17147: 17143: 17138: 17126: 17122: 17116: 17112: 17108: 17107: 17101: 17100: 17097: 17094: 17093: 17088: 17082: 17078: 17077: 17071: 17059: 17055: 17049: 17045: 17044: 17038: 17034: 17028: 17023: 17022: 17015: 17011: 17005: 17000: 16999: 16992: 16980: 16976: 16970: 16966: 16965: 16959: 16955: 16949: 16945: 16944: 16938: 16926: 16922: 16916: 16912: 16911: 16905: 16901: 16895: 16891: 16890: 16884: 16872: 16868: 16862: 16858: 16857: 16852: 16848: 16836: 16832: 16826: 16822: 16821: 16815: 16814: 16811: 16808: 16807: 16794: 16790: 16784: 16780: 16779: 16773: 16769: 16767:9780691035239 16763: 16758: 16757: 16750: 16738: 16734: 16728: 16724: 16723: 16717: 16705: 16701: 16695: 16691: 16690: 16684: 16680: 16676: 16673:(1): 97–107. 16672: 16668: 16663: 16659: 16654: 16653: 16650: 16647: 16646: 16645: 16644: 16628: 16624: 16618: 16614: 16610: 16605: 16601: 16595: 16591: 16590: 16585: 16581: 16569: 16565: 16561: 16556: 16552: 16546: 16542: 16541: 16535: 16523: 16519: 16513: 16509: 16508: 16502: 16498: 16494: 16490: 16484: 16480: 16475: 16471: 16465: 16461: 16460: 16454: 16453: 16441: 16435: 16431: 16430: 16424: 16420: 16414: 16410: 16409: 16403: 16399: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16380: 16376: 16370: 16365: 16364: 16357: 16353: 16352: 16346: 16342: 16336: 16332: 16331: 16325: 16321: 16315: 16311: 16310: 16304: 16300: 16294: 16290: 16289: 16283: 16271: 16267: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16250:(1): 98–115. 16249: 16245: 16241: 16236: 16232: 16226: 16221: 16220: 16213: 16209: 16203: 16199: 16198: 16192: 16188: 16182: 16178: 16177: 16172: 16168: 16164: 16160: 16156: 16152: 16148: 16144: 16140: 16136: 16132: 16126: 16122: 16121: 16115: 16111: 16105: 16101: 16100: 16094: 16082: 16078: 16072: 16068: 16067: 16061: 16057: 16051: 16047: 16046: 16040: 16036: 16030: 16026: 16025: 16019: 16015: 16013:9781404789791 16009: 16005: 16004: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15984: 15980: 15976: 15971: 15967: 15961: 15957: 15956: 15950: 15946: 15940: 15936: 15935: 15929: 15917: 15913: 15909: 15904: 15900: 15894: 15890: 15889: 15884: 15880: 15876: 15870: 15866: 15865: 15859: 15855: 15849: 15845: 15844: 15838: 15834: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15816: 15812: 15808: 15804: 15800: 15796: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15769: 15765: 15761: 15756: 15752: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15733: 15721: 15717: 15711: 15707: 15706: 15700: 15696: 15692: 15688: 15684: 15680: 15676: 15671: 15667: 15665:9780521077873 15661: 15656: 15655: 15648: 15644: 15638: 15634: 15633: 15627: 15623: 15617: 15613: 15612: 15606: 15602: 15596: 15592: 15591: 15585: 15581: 15575: 15571: 15570: 15564: 15560: 15554: 15550: 15549: 15543: 15539: 15533: 15528: 15527: 15520: 15516: 15511: 15507: 15501: 15497: 15496: 15490: 15486: 15480: 15476: 15475: 15469: 15465: 15461: 15457: 15453: 15449: 15445: 15441: 15437: 15432: 15428: 15422: 15418: 15414: 15409: 15405: 15399: 15395: 15391: 15386: 15374: 15370: 15368:9780521833073 15364: 15360: 15356: 15351: 15347: 15342: 15338: 15332: 15328: 15327: 15321: 15317: 15311: 15307: 15306: 15300: 15296: 15290: 15286: 15285: 15279: 15267: 15263: 15258: 15254: 15248: 15244: 15243: 15237: 15225: 15221: 15215: 15211: 15210: 15204: 15200: 15194: 15190: 15189: 15183: 15179: 15173: 15168: 15167: 15160: 15156: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15137: 15133: 15129: 15125: 15121: 15117: 15113: 15109: 15105: 15100: 15096: 15090: 15085: 15084: 15077: 15065: 15061: 15055: 15051: 15050: 15044: 15032: 15028: 15022: 15018: 15017: 15011: 14999: 14995: 14989: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14975: 14971: 14965: 14961: 14957: 14952: 14940: 14936: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14917: 14913: 14909: 14905: 14901: 14896: 14892: 14888: 14884: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14866: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14848: 14844: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14829: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14760: 14756: 14750: 14746: 14745: 14739: 14727: 14723: 14717: 14713: 14709: 14704: 14700: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14684: 14680: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14663: 14651: 14647: 14641: 14637: 14633: 14628: 14616: 14612: 14610:9780198228639 14606: 14602: 14601: 14595: 14591: 14585: 14580: 14579: 14572: 14568: 14564: 14560: 14556: 14552: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14535: 14523: 14519: 14513: 14509: 14508: 14502: 14498: 14492: 14488: 14487: 14481: 14469: 14465: 14461: 14456: 14444: 14440: 14434: 14430: 14429: 14423: 14411: 14407: 14401: 14397: 14396: 14390: 14378: 14374: 14368: 14364: 14363: 14357: 14353: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14334: 14330: 14324: 14320: 14319: 14313: 14309: 14303: 14299: 14298: 14292: 14280: 14276: 14270: 14266: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14249: 14245: 14244: 14238: 14234: 14228: 14224: 14223: 14217: 14205: 14201: 14195: 14191: 14190: 14184: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14158: 14157: 14151: 14147: 14141: 14137: 14136: 14130: 14118: 14114: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14097: 14093: 14087: 14083: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14068: 14062: 14058: 14057: 14051: 14039: 14035: 14029: 14025: 14024: 14018: 14006: 14002: 13998: 13994: 13990: 13986: 13982: 13978: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13957: 13953: 13947: 13943: 13942: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13915: 13903: 13899: 13897:9789535172611 13893: 13889: 13888: 13882: 13878: 13872: 13868: 13863: 13859: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13840: 13836: 13830: 13826: 13825: 13820: 13816: 13804: 13800: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13781: 13777: 13771: 13767: 13766: 13760: 13756: 13750: 13746: 13745: 13739: 13727: 13723: 13722: 13716: 13712: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13695: 13691: 13685: 13681: 13680: 13675: 13674:Drews, Robert 13671: 13659: 13655: 13649: 13645: 13644: 13638: 13626: 13622: 13616: 13612: 13611: 13606: 13605:Cole, Jeffrey 13602: 13598: 13592: 13588: 13587: 13581: 13569: 13565: 13559: 13555: 13554: 13548: 13544: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13526: 13522: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13506: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13491: 13485: 13481: 13480: 13474: 13470: 13464: 13459: 13458: 13452: 13448: 13444: 13438: 13434: 13433: 13427: 13415: 13411: 13405: 13401: 13400: 13394: 13382: 13378: 13372: 13368: 13367: 13362: 13358: 13346: 13342: 13336: 13332: 13331: 13325: 13321: 13315: 13311: 13310: 13304: 13300: 13298:90-04-07309-4 13294: 13290: 13289: 13283: 13279: 13273: 13269: 13264: 13252: 13248: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13231: 13227: 13221: 13217: 13213: 13208: 13204: 13198: 13194: 13190: 13185: 13181: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13164: 13160: 13154: 13150: 13149: 13143: 13139: 13133: 13128: 13127: 13120: 13116: 13110: 13107:. Routledge. 13105: 13104: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13083: 13078: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13063: 13057: 13053: 13047: 13043: 13042: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13022: 13021: 13015: 13011: 13005: 13001: 13000: 12994: 12990: 12984: 12979: 12978: 12971: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12951: 12947: 12942: 12938: 12932: 12928: 12927: 12921: 12917: 12911: 12907: 12906: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12886: 12882: 12877: 12873: 12867: 12863: 12858: 12846: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12797: 12792: 12780: 12776: 12770: 12766: 12765: 12759: 12747: 12743: 12737: 12733: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12694: 12687: 12680: 12667: 12663: 12662: 12657: 12650: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12624: 12617: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12583: 12576: 12571: 12565: 12561: 12554: 12546: 12539: 12533: 12528: 12521: 12516: 12508: 12504: 12500: 12493: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12465: 12457: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12434: 12426: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12374: 12366: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12331: 12326: 12322: 12321: 12313: 12305: 12297: 12293: 12289: 12285: 12281: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12262: 12254: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12220:PLOS Genetics 12216: 12209: 12201: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12160: 12152: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12118: 12111: 12103: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12062: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12019: 12011: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11970: 11962: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11920: 11912: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11897: 11889: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11865: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11846: 11838: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11789: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11755: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11739: 11732: 11726: 11721: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11691: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11651: 11647: 11643: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11612: 11605: 11598: 11594: 11589: 11583:, p. 42. 11582: 11578: 11577:Winstedt 1909 11574: 11570: 11569:Pletcher 2013 11565: 11558: 11554: 11549: 11542: 11536: 11520: 11516: 11512: 11506: 11499: 11494: 11488:, p. 39. 11487: 11482: 11466: 11462: 11458: 11452: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11436: 11431: 11429: 11421: 11415: 11408: 11402: 11395: 11389: 11382: 11381:0-415-97334-1 11378: 11374: 11368: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11338: 11331: 11326: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11296: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11266: 11260:, p. 55. 11259: 11254: 11238: 11234: 11233:The Economist 11230: 11224: 11217: 11212: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11181: 11179: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11148: 11141: 11137: 11132: 11116: 11112: 11111:The Economist 11108: 11102: 11095: 11090: 11088: 11080: 11075: 11068: 11063: 11056: 11051: 11049: 11037: 11033: 11026: 11019: 11003: 10999: 10995: 10989: 10973: 10969: 10968:The Telegraph 10964: 10956: 10940: 10936: 10935:New Statesman 10932: 10925: 10909: 10905: 10899: 10892: 10887: 10880: 10875: 10869:, p. 25. 10868: 10863: 10857:, p. 71. 10856: 10851: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10830: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10750: 10739: 10735: 10728: 10722: 10715: 10711: 10706: 10704: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10672: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10641: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10602:Laliotou 2004 10598: 10591: 10586: 10579: 10578:Kardasis 2001 10574: 10572: 10564: 10559: 10557: 10550:, p. 16. 10549: 10544: 10537: 10532: 10525: 10524:Boardman 1984 10520: 10518: 10501: 10497: 10491: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10416: 10409: 10407: 10406:Finis Greciae 10398: 10396: 10394: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10350: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10312: 10297: 10290: 10289: 10281: 10274: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10239: 10238: 10230: 10223: 10218: 10212:, p. 48. 10211: 10208:, p. 6; 10207: 10204:, p. 2; 10203: 10202:Borowiec 2000 10199: 10194: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10151: 10145: 10141: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10043: 10024: 10017: 10009: 10003: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9985: 9981: 9977: 9970: 9968: 9960: 9955: 9948: 9943: 9937:, Books 1–15. 9936: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9916: 9909: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9890: 9889:Browning 1983 9885: 9878: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9859: 9858: 9857:Meteorologica 9851: 9843: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9817: 9809: 9803:, Fragment 5. 9802: 9796: 9789: 9785: 9780: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9762: 9761:Meteorologica 9756: 9754: 9746: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9719: 9717: 9709: 9708: 9701: 9694: 9690: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9666: 9661: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9636: 9630: 9626: 9619: 9612: 9607: 9600: 9595: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9574: 9567: 9562: 9555: 9549: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9524: 9523:Ševčenko 2002 9519: 9513:, p. 14. 9512: 9511:Runciman 1970 9508: 9504: 9503:Harrison 2002 9500: 9495: 9488: 9483: 9476: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452:, on Perseus) 9451: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9435: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9409: 9403: 9396: 9390: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9367: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9349: 9344: 9337: 9332: 9325: 9320: 9313: 9309: 9308:Hershlag 1980 9305: 9301: 9296: 9285: 9278: 9272: 9264: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9196: 9195: 9187: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9162:"Manastırlar" 9157: 9150: 9146: 9139: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9075: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9045: 9038: 9033: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9008:"Renaissance" 9003: 9001: 8993: 8988: 8981: 8976: 8969: 8968:Pontic Greeks 8965: 8959: 8953:, p. 33. 8952: 8947: 8940: 8928: 8924: 8922:9780231031707 8918: 8914: 8913: 8905: 8897: 8895:9780299809256 8891: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8872:, p. 92. 8871: 8870:Kaplanis 2014 8866: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8836: 8829: 8825: 8820: 8812: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8787: 8786:Burstein 1988 8782: 8780: 8773:, p. 20. 8772: 8767: 8760: 8755: 8739: 8735: 8733:9781409410980 8729: 8725: 8724: 8716: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8685: 8678: 8677:Kaplanis 2014 8673: 8666: 8661: 8654: 8649: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8624: 8619: 8613:, p. 50. 8612: 8607: 8605: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8567: 8563: 8562:Makrides 2009 8559: 8554: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8511: 8510:Harrison 2002 8506: 8499: 8494: 8492: 8484: 8483:Howatson 1989 8479: 8472: 8467: 8458: 8453: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8426:Makrides 2009 8422: 8415: 8410: 8403: 8398: 8391: 8390:Ferguson 2003 8386: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8356: 8349: 8344: 8337: 8332: 8325: 8320: 8313: 8308: 8301: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8257: 8249: 8244: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8213: 8207:, p. 364 8206: 8201: 8199: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8157: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8130: 8123: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8074: 8067: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7993: 7988: 7981: 7977: 7972: 7965: 7964:Dietrich 1974 7961: 7956: 7949: 7946:, p. 7; 7945: 7940: 7933: 7928: 7926: 7918: 7917:Chadwick 1976 7913: 7907:, p. 43. 7906: 7901: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7885:Tartaron 2013 7881: 7874: 7869: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7837: 7829: 7828:Chadwick 1976 7824: 7816: 7809: 7803:, p. 243 7802: 7797: 7790: 7785: 7778: 7773: 7767:, p. 125 7766: 7761: 7754: 7749: 7742: 7737: 7730: 7725: 7717: 7710: 7701: 7692: 7685: 7674: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7616: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7581: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7562: 7557: 7550: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7528: 7521: 7509: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7459: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7411: 7404: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7371: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7338: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7312: 7305: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7260: 7256: 7248: 7242: 7235: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7202: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7137: 7130: 7124: 7117: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7090: 7083: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7001: 6982: 6975: 6969: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6876: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6799: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6704: 6700: 6698: 6690: 6683: 6678: 6676: 6668: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6635: 6632: 6631:Magna Graecia 6628: 6627:Griko dialect 6613: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6568: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6508: 6492: 6488: 6482: 6475: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6403: 6399: 6398:Cystat.gov.cy 6395: 6389: 6373: 6369: 6368:themanews.com 6365: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6281: 6274: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6223: 6219: 6207:, p. 8). 6206: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6171: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6119:Pontic Greeks 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6099:Greek Muslims 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6040:Greece portal 6030: 6027: 6016: 6004: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5921:created as a 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5851:United States 5848: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5360: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5330: 5326: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5302: 5292: 5283: 5274: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5064: 5056: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4922:. In Plato's 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4908:Ionian coasts 4905: 4901: 4900:Magna Graecia 4897: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4799:genitive case 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4769: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4689: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4546: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4499:(excelled in 4498: 4494: 4490: 4489:Demotic Greek 4487:(promoter of 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4461:Fotis Kafatos 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313:cytopathology 4310: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4289:(education). 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4139:Kostas Gavras 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4111:Dimitris Horn 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099:Academy Award 4096: 4095:Ellie Lambeti 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4025:Ion Dragoumis 4022: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3981: 3980:Demis Roussos 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3912:the painters 3911: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887:classical art 3884: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861:Central Asian 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3743:Greek Muslims 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3696:New Testament 3693: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3643:and Turkish. 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563:Philhellenism 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3528:New Testament 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516:Homeric epics 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3400:Greek culture 3396: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344:Great Britain 3341: 3340:United States 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3288:, Livorno in 3287: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3255: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235:lingua franca 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:Magna Graecia 3196: 3187: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3126:New York City 3123: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3056:followed the 3055: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2934: 2930: 2929:Magna Graecia 2926: 2922: 2917: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2854:Meteorologica 2852:notes in his 2851: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2743: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680:(Δαναοί) and 2677: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2610:mother tongue 2607: 2606:Greek culture 2603: 2602: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585:philhellenism 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537:imperial Rome 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2493: 2486:ἤθεα ὁμότροπα 2482: 2478: 2474: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2393:The cover of 2391: 2382: 2380: 2379:Turkification 2376: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2245:Pontic Greeks 2243:), and among 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2217:Greek Muslims 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173:millet system 2170: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994:Pontic Greeks 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 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The large 2561: 2557:Last Emperor 2548: 2532: 2528: 2527:("Romans"), 2524: 2517:modern Greek 2500: 2498: 2409: 2394: 2351: 2346: 2332: 2290: 2272:Pontic Greek 2229:Cretan Turks 2200: 2196: 2184: 2176: 2166: 2099: 2060:Thessalonica 2049: 2041:Aristotelian 2026: 1975: 1953: 1949: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1874:Pope Leo III 1854: 1846: 1839:Roman Empire 1824: 1822: 1781:Frankokratia 1752: 1748: 1732:Roman Empire 1729: 1724: 1704: 1695: 1684: 1677:Roman Greece 1671:Roman Empire 1638: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1596: 1583:Altes Museum 1511:cities like 1498: 1464: 1449: 1405: 1389: 1378: 1368: 1362: 1351:ethnogenesis 1348: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1210: 1163: 1109: 1071: 1062:funeral mask 1019: 1004: 977: 961:Thessalonica 898: 848:ethnic group 838: 794: 790: 788: 773:Griko people 766: 602: 470:4,000–49,143 245:South Africa 73: 46:Ethnic group 43: 21826:Bellerephon 21773:Mount Athos 21700:Fairy tales 21664:(Timeline: 21657:Drosoulites 21652:Catholicism 21435:Heptanesian 21376:Pyrrhichios 21372:Proskinitos 21328:Kerkiraikos 21324:Kastorianos 21312:Ikariotikos 21292:Dionysiakos 21284:Antikristos 21280:Angaliastos 21192:Place names 21118:Koine Greek 21067:Cappadocian 21022:Orthography 20931:Agiorgitiko 20909:Heptanesean 20907:Varieties ( 20893:Tirokafteri 20866:Restaurants 20836:Greek salad 20826:Spanakopita 20698:Loukoumades 20694:Kourabiedes 20690:Koulourakia 20583:Worry beads 20499:Theophany's 20485:Hospitality 20389:Anastenaria 20356:Slavophones 20323:Immigration 20169:Laiki agora 20120:Debt crisis 20070:Agriculture 19961:Megali Idea 19953:Nationalism 19888:LGBT rights 19698:Coast Guard 19682:Greek mafia 19554:Legislature 19380:earthquakes 19363:Environment 19338:Myrtoan Sea 19334:Icarian Sea 19138:Peloponnese 18792:Place names 18717:Phanariotes 18683:Proto-Greek 18644:Demographic 18545:World War I 18540:Balkan Wars 18488:(post-1453) 18398:Middle Ages 18106:Australians 17941:Traditional 17922:Macedonians 16574:28 December 15766:: 293–320. 15681:(1): 7–14. 14545:: 283–314. 14474:28 December 14011:1 September 12639:17 December 12274:(1): 3–18. 11676:pp. 233–241 11625:19 December 11581:Withey 1989 11573:Casson 1991 11418:Goldstein, 11409:, pp. 25–26 11315:23 December 11285:19 December 11243:19 December 11201:19 December 10891:Fasold 1984 10762:Levene 1998 10653:. Reuters. 10480:19 December 10450:19 December 10382:19 December 10339:19 December 10329:Athens News 10305:17 December 10266:17 December 10062:19 December 9854:Aristotle, 9759:Aristotle. 9744:Bibliotheca 9710:, 2.681–685 9336:Broome 1996 9037:Robins 1993 8992:Harris 1999 8824:Angold 1975 8623:Shahid 1972 8611:Haldon 1997 8336:Burton 1993 8312:Lucore 2009 8300:Harris 1991 8115:27 December 8105:Archaeology 8078:Burger 2008 8066:Burger 2008 8008:Morgan 1990 7944:Hansen 2004 7830:, p. 2 7678:30 November 7592:Beaton 1996 7580:Sutton 1996 7561:Latacz 2004 7516:|work= 7420:AusGreekNet 7364:24 December 6527:30 December 6205:Gilbar 1997 6180:Carl Blegen 6129:Sarakatsani 5975:early 2000s 5614:9th century 5604:8th century 5575:7th century 5372:Proto-Greek 5301:sarcophagus 5226:Andalusians 4957:Megasthenes 4829:(island of 4821:(island of 4698:Cleisthenes 4676:aristocracy 4611:Greek cross 4594:, although 4562:Palaiologoi 4507:(a leading 4483:; linguist 4453:charm quark 4449:Dirac Prize 4421:Knuth Prize 4413:Knuth Prize 4351:; chemists 4347:sites) and 4296:city's fall 4259:mathematics 4123:Irene Papas 3849:Renaissance 3700:Koine Greek 3627:/Albanian, 3613:Doric Greek 3601:Cappadocian 3567:Diafotismos 3532:Koine Greek 3413:Diafotismos 3211:Middle East 3138:Los Angeles 3052:. 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London: 17109:. Oxford: 16497:1237348138 14671:Odontology 12721:References 12520:Walsh 2013 11593:Brown 2001 11525:16 October 11271:"The Flag" 11094:Mango 1986 10879:Tomić 2006 10590:Clogg 2000 10506:13 January 10210:Brown 2004 10206:Rezun 2001 9920:Isaac 2004 9908:Smith 1991 9841:0618082506 9578:Smith 2003 9371:ὁμόγλωσσος 9324:Üngör 2008 9304:Clark 2006 8951:Mango 1965 8855:1 December 8744:1 December 8705:1 December 8635:Klein 2004 8324:Foltz 2010 8248:Grant 1990 8161:Green 2008 8134:Brice 2012 7996:Budin 2009 7789:Drews 1994 7777:Bryce 2006 7753:Bryce 2006 7741:Smith 1999 7164:15 October 6958:16 January 6932:18 January 6821:4 February 6701:. MFA.gr. 6239:Clogg 2013 6201:Asia Minor 6124:Romaniotes 6114:Pelasgians 5904:regime in 5894:Alexandria 5825:communists 5592:Macedonian 5584:Cappadocia 5534:and Asia. 5417:Asia Minor 5172:Bulgarians 5081:Phoenician 5036:See also: 4985:Uele River 4941:Euthymenes 4912:Asia Minor 4863:East Slavs 4861:and other 4835:Asia Minor 4823:Cephalonia 4768:Greek name 4766:See also: 4657:See also: 4643:Greek Army 4635:Asia Minor 4623:escutcheon 4538:See also: 4283:Alexandria 4267:philosophy 4204:See also: 4062:, such as 3895:Kazakhstan 3869:Indo-Greek 3818:See also: 3768:region of 3712:Latin-rite 3684:Christians 3625:Arvanitika 3621:Romaniotes 3541:, such as 3271:Alexandria 3179:See also: 3054:emigration 2961:Continuity 2923:to settle 2830:Pandora II 2507:, whether 2462:sacrifices 2444:ὁμόγλωσσον 2323:See also: 2237:Vallahades 2183:"Greeks" ( 2179:), so the 2136:, both in 2008:(see also 1884:, as the " 1763:See also: 1736:Common Era 1717:Saint Paul 1647:kingdoms, 1641:Indo-Greek 1563:Lysimachus 1513:Alexandria 1487:Tajikistan 1460:Macedonian 1268:Euhemerism 1206:Asia Minor 1190:Aegean Sea 1064:known as " 965:Alexandria 933:Cappadocia 929:Asia Minor 921:Bronze Age 854:native to 779:Including 665:Kazakhstan 645:Uzbekistan 21865:Name days 21778:Mythology 21666:Antiquity 21585:Tsampouna 21573:Tambouras 21549:Pan flute 21479:Skyladiko 21443:Nisiotika 21408:Zeibekiko 21368:Pentozali 21360:Palamakia 21340:Pidikhtos 21300:Gaitanaki 21170:Bulgarian 21162:Aromanian 21091:Tsakonian 21042:Greeklish 21006:Languages 20995:Xinomavro 20987:Savatiano 20947:Kotsifali 20939:Assyrtiko 20885:Skordalia 20860:Hilopites 20796:Metsovone 20754:Tsikoudia 20742:Sideritis 20568:Theophany 20491:Christmas 20475:Greektown 20460:Festivals 20445:Tsarouchi 20340:Arvanites 20139:renewable 20110:Companies 20084:companies 20003:Anarchism 19989:Socialism 19864:hospitals 19850:Education 19784:Alliances 19779:Air Force 19693:Terrorism 19604:Parataxis 19591:Elections 19581:Presidium 19530:President 19508:Executive 19288:Volcanoes 19260:Mountains 19150:Corinthia 19050:Macedonia 19044:Zakynthos 19028:Kefalonia 18948:Karpathos 18914:Santorini 18864:Heraklion 18846:Phthiotis 18838:Evrytania 18822:Acarnania 18750:Geography 18620:Byzantine 18580:Civil war 18383:Roman era 18308:Antiquity 18131:Georgians 18126:Filipinos 18116:Bavarians 18101:Assyrians 17992:Italians 17983:Armenians 17975:Souliotes 17954:Arvanites 17948:Albanians 17691:Religious 16931:31 August 16087:31 August 15815:2397-334X 15726:31 August 15379:31 August 15132:195042286 15110:: 29–43. 14891:251843620 14865:0036-8075 14810:0028-0836 14765:31 August 14177:31 August 13821:(2010) . 13525:0092-8674 12816:161584160 12606:4 October 12484:247231413 12407:1018-4813 12330:Figure 4B 12227:(1): e4. 11553:Harl 1996 11486:Fong 2004 11079:Puri 1987 10766:Tatz 2003 10032:7 January 9693:Histories 9689:Herodotus 9677:Nagy 2014 9439:ὁμότροπος 9424:7 October 9213:235010971 8828:Page 2008 8665:Page 2008 8546:Epistulae 8522:Earl 1968 8450:(1): 19. 8348:Zoch 2000 7905:Hall 2014 7644:19 August 7518:ignored ( 7508:cite book 7498:9 January 7201:families. 7138:(INSTAT). 7116:politics. 7109:5 October 6798:Mariupol. 6709:21 August 6378:14 August 6351:Cole 2011 6215:Citations 6054:Arvanites 5855:Australia 5709:1914–1923 5691:New World 5659:Phanariot 5495:Black Sea 5237:Venetians 5218:Ukrainian 5160:Romanians 5152:Albanians 5136:autosomal 5070:In their 5052:autosomal 4977:Caliphate 4904:Black Sea 4867:otchestvo 4805:(Crete), 4694:oligarchy 4668:Democracy 4345:Mycenaean 4329:Philip II 4251:geography 4247:astronomy 3786:Greek art 3708:Christian 3629:Aromanian 3609:Tsakonian 3547:Bulgarian 3478:) or the 3374:in 1974. 3348:Australia 3169:Sao Paulo 3161:Vancouver 3146:Melbourne 3083:Black Sea 3006:barbarian 2951:Aristotle 2860:Etymology 2850:Aristotle 2842:Deucalion 2806:Deucalion 2786:Aristotle 2778:Deucalion 2752:Achilleus 2513:Byzantine 2509:Mycenaean 2412:Herodotus 2241:Macedonia 2221:devshirme 2177:milletler 2154:devshirme 2146:Albanians 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4653:Politics 4317:Pap test 4263:medicine 3957:Vangelis 3735:Romaniot 3677:Istanbul 3647:Religion 3579:Dimotiki 3565:and the 3543:Albanian 3524:Almagest 3512:Cyrillic 3492:Linear B 3472:Armenian 3419:Language 3409:genocide 3321:shippers 3205:and the 3165:Auckland 3157:Montreal 3122:omogenia 3093:Diaspora 3081:and the 3001:alphabet 2906:singular 2817:Hesiodic 2802:Achelous 2800:and the 2796:between 2702:Achaeans 2690:Hellenes 2646:Achaeans 2549:Hellenes 2545:Apostles 2439:language 2431:hómaimon 2385:Identity 2339:Ottomans 2315:church. 1950:Rhomaioi 1920:Rhōmaîoi 1903:Hellenes 1876:crowned 1835:citizens 1825:Rhōmaîoi 1802:Basil II 1800:Emperor 1753:Hellenes 1749:Rhōmaîoi 1725:Hellenes 1721:Tsakonia 1577:Bust of 1547:Diadochi 1521:Seleucia 1483:Pakistan 1471:Granicus 1380:Theogony 1334:Socrates 1276:Poseidon 1182:Linear B 1174:Linear A 1128:Achaeans 1082:Hellenic 893:omogenia 888:diaspora 868:Anatolia 795:Hellenes 747:Religion 545:Bulgaria 52:Hellenes 18:Grecians 21955:Symbols 21908:Cricket 21855:Sikhism 21850:Psychai 21834:Centaur 21822:Theseus 21818:Orpheus 21810:Perseus 21806:Oedipus 21752:History 21748:Judaism 21632:Origins 21589:Tympano 21581:Trigono 21561:Salpinx 21521:Crotala 21465:Hip Hop 21431:Epirote 21384:Sirtaki 21320:Kangeli 21304:Geranos 21196:exonyms 21186:Turkish 21136:Ancient 21106:History 21095:Yevanic 21075:Cypriot 21055:Demotic 21030:Braille 21018:History 20979:Retsina 20951:Lesbian 20917:Epirote 20878:Taverna 20870:Kafenio 20850:Pasta ( 20792:Manouri 20780:Kasseri 20764:Cheeses 20746:Tentura 20726:Mastika 20706:Pasteli 20659:Daktyla 20650:Cuisine 20634:Ancient 20630:Theatre 20605:Castles 20552:Ohi Day 20520:Paideia 20510:Mountza 20417:Chlamys 20381:Culture 20285:Society 20239:Tourism 20188:history 20143:nuclear 20130:Drachma 20090:Banking 20059:Economy 19929:Fascism 19872:smoking 19868:obesity 19809:Evzones 19570:Speaker 19515:Cabinet 19469:, 2019) 19401:Mammals 19396:Forests 19371:Climate 19264:Olympus 19242:Islands 19237:Geology 19220:Terrain 19206:Rhodope 19188:Trikala 19180:Larissa 19154:Laconia 19146:Argolis 19142:Arcadia 19070:Imathia 19066:Grevena 19062:Florina 19036:Lefkada 19032:Kythira 19006:Preveza 18968:Nisyros 18960:Leipsoi 18902:Mykonos 18894:Kythnos 18872:Lasithi 18830:Boeotia 18818:Aetolia 18802:Regions 18777:capital 18768:Borders 18535:Kingdom 18240:History 18136:Indians 18121:Chinese 18111:British 18091:African 15824:9911347 15780:1291324 14842:Science 14819:5565772 14790:Bibcode 14559:3591389 13973:Bibcode 13732:21 June 13534:8127963 12841:2672905 12709:25 July 12698:Reuters 12672:25 July 12468:bioRvix 12416:5437898 12288:7520820 12244:2211544 12191:1852723 12142:1288566 12001:2730349 11952:1852743 11901:255–301 11828:2735096 11807:Bibcode 11750:Bibcode 11710:21 June 11541:Phaidon 11539:Plato. 11422:, p. 20 11405:Clogg, 10914:4 April 10793:21 June 10183:21 June 10118:21 June 10088:11 June 9976:Science 9934:Alexiad 9704:Homer. 9589:glory." 9586:produce 9348:ὅμαιμος 9241:21 June 9176:24 June 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