4136:
4114:
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4015:
3245:, between fifteen and twenty thousand more Sephardim settled in Thessaloniki. According to the Jewish Virtual Library: "Greece became a haven of religious tolerance for Jews fleeing the Spanish Inquisition and other persecution in Europe. The Ottomans welcomed the Jews because they improved the economy. Jews occupied administrative posts and played an important role in intellectual and commercial life throughout the empire." These immigrants established the city's first printing press, and the city became known as a centre for commerce and learning. The exile of other Jewish communities swelled the city's Jewish population, until Jews were the majority population in 1519. Ottoman Jews were obliged to pay special "
3392:. Bulgarian control would keep the city at the forefront of a national trade network, while Greek control might affect, for those of certain social classes and across ethnic groups, Thessaloniki's position as the destination of Balkan village trading. After the city was conquered by the Greeks in 1913, Thessaloniki Jews were accused of cooperating with the Turks and being traitors, and were subjected to pressure from the Greek army and local Greeks. As a result of the intense coverage of these pressures in the world press, the Venizelos government took a series of measures against antisemitic actions. After liberation, however, the Greek government won the support of the city's Jewish community, and Greece under
3357:
3026:
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3175:
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3962:, which started in 2009, has seen an increase in extremism of all kinds, which has included some cases of antisemitic vandalism. In 2010, the front of the Jewish Museum of Greece was defaced, for the first time ever. On Rhodes, on 26 October 2012, vandals spray-painted the city's Holocaust monument with swastikas. Partly to head off any new-found threat from extremism, thousands of Jewish and non-Jewish Greeks attended Thessaloniki's Holocaust Commemoration in March 2013. The meeting was personally addressed by Greece's prime minister,
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3951:. The European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia 2002–2003 report on anti-Semitism in Greece mentioned several incidents over the two-year period making note that there were no instances of physical or verbal assaults on Jews, along with examples of "good practices" for countering prejudice. The report concluded that "...in 2003 the Chairman of the Central Jewish Board in Greece stated that he did not consider the rise in antisemitism to be alarming."
4033:
2831:, and were called by the Indians Kalani. Now this man, who entertained a large circle of friends and was on his way from the interior to the coast, not only spoke Greek but had the soul of a Greek. During my stay in Asia, he visited the same places as I did, and came to converse with me and some other scholars, to test our learning. But as one who had been intimate with many cultivated persons, it was rather he who imparted to us something of his own.'"
4061:
58:
4172:
6256:
4158:
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6244:
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117:
2709:, among others. The Romaniotes are historically distinct from the Sephardim, some of whom settled in Greece after the 1492 expulsion of the Jews from Spain. All but a small number of the Romaniotes of Ioannina, the largest remaining Romaniote community not assimilated into Sephardic culture, were killed in the Holocaust. Ioannina today has 35 living Romaniotes.
3778:. Due to their efforts, 74% of the city's Jews were saved. Of the more than 1,000 Jews, only 130 were deported to Auschwitz. The Jewish community remained in Volos after the war, but a series of earthquakes in 1955-57 forced many of the remaining Jews to leave, with most immigrating to Israel or the United States. Only 50 to 60 Jews remain in Volos today.
3328:, Thessaloniki was the only city in the Empire where some Jews "employed violence against the Christian population as a means of consolidating their political and economic power", as traders from the Jewish population closed their doors to traders from the Greek and Slav populations and physically intimidated their rivals. With the importation of modern
3803:. On 7 October 1944, during the uprising in Auschwitz, they attacked German forces with other Greek Jews, storming the crematoria and killing about twenty guards. A bomb was thrown into the furnace of the crematorium III, destroying the building. Before being massacred by the Germans, insurgents sang a song of the Greek partisan movement and the
3821:
appearance of the camp and the international jargon spoken is of prime importance." He described a strong patriotic sense among them, writing that their ability to survive in the camps was partly explained by the fact that "they are among the cohesive of the national groups, and from this point of view the most advanced."
2741:, and, until the Holocaust, the community "was a unique blend of Ottoman, Balkan and Hispanic influences", well known for its level of education. The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture calls Thessaloniki's Sephardic community "indisputably one of the most important ones in the world."
3844:. In August 1949, the Greek government announced that Jews of military age would be allowed to leave for Israel on condition that they renounced their Greek nationality, promise to never return, and take their families with them. The Greek Jews that moved to Israel established several villages, including
3935:
Misha Glenny wrote that Greek Jews had never "encountered anything remotely as sinister as north
European anti-Semitism. The twentieth century had witnessed small amounts of anti-Jewish sentiment among Greeks... but it attracted an insignificant minority." The danger of deportation to death camps was
2919:
created a "unique fusion of Greek and Jewish culture", while the Jews of
Jerusalem were divided between conservative and pro-Hellene factions. Along with the influence of this Hellenistic fusion on the Jews who had found themselves part of a Greek empire, Karen Armstrong argues that the turbulence of
3988:
The Greek
Parliament has decided to give Greek citizenship back to all Holocaust survivors who lost their Greek citizenship when leaving the country. Those who are born outside Greece to either one or both Greek parents, or one or more Greek grandparents, are entitled to stake a claim to their right
3689:
where very few survived. However, approximately two hundred out of a total population of 1,900 managed to flee. Many among the local populace at the time provided shelter and refuge to those 200 Jews that managed to escape the Nazis. As well, a prominent section of the old town is to this day called
3820:
describes the group thus: "those Greeks, motionless and silent as the Sphinx, crouched on the ground behind their thick pot of soup." Those members of the community still alive during 1944 made a strong impression on the author. He noted: "Despite their low numbers their contribution to the overall
3387:
ended much later, in 1912, as Greek soldiers entered the city in the last days of the First Balkan War. Thessaloniki's status had not been decided by the Balkan
Alliance before the war, and Glenny writes that some amongst the city's majority Jewish population at first hoped that the city might be
3323:
of Europe. The
Sephardic population of Thessaloniki had risen to between twenty-five and thirty thousand members, leading to scarcity of resources, fires and hygiene problems. The end of the century saw great improvements, as the mercantile leadership of the Sephardic community, particularly the
3283:
In the year 1523 the first printed edition of the Mahzor
Romania was published in Venice, by Constantinopolitan Jews which contains the Minhag of the Jews from the Byzantine empire. This Minhag represents probably the oldest European Prayer rite. A polyglot edition of the Bible published in
3484:, but was later overwhelmed by German forces. The Germans had been gathering intelligence on Salonica's Jewish community since 1937. Some 60,000-70,000 Greek Jews, or at least 81% of the country's Jewish population, were murdered; especially in jurisdictions occupied by Nazi Germany and
3831:
Of the 55,000 Thessaloniki Jews deported to extermination camps in 1943, fewer than 5,000 survived. Many of those who returned found their former homes occupied by Greek families. The Greek government did little to assist the surviving Jewish community with property restoration.
3918:. This new faculty took in October 2015, her work on with leading professor Georgios Antoniou in the faculty of Philosophy. On the university campus a monument commemorating the old Jewish cemetery was unveiled also in 2014. The campus was built partially on this old cemetery.
5273:
2596:. Greek Jews today largely "live side by side in harmony" with Christian Greeks, according to Giorgo Romaio, president of the Greek Committee for the Jewish Museum of Greece, while nevertheless continuing to work with other Greeks, and Jews worldwide, to combat any rise of
4135:
3868:. Greece was the first country in Europe after the war to give back to its Jewish community possessions of Jews, that were killed by the Nazis in the Holocaust and the war as resistance fighters, so that the communities had the possibility for consolidation.
3954:
On 21 November 2003, Nikos Bistis, the Greek Deputy
Minister of the Interior, declared January 27 to be Holocaust Remembrance Day in Greece, and committed to a "coalition of Greek Jews, Greek non-Jews, and Jews worldwide to fight antisemitism in Greece."
2604:
shall be installed. A delegation and the president of the Jewish communities of Greece met in
November 2016 with Greek politicians and asked them for support in their demand to get back the community archives of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki from
3766:, which was in the Italian zone of occupation, had a Jewish population of 882, and many Thessaloniki Jews fleeing the Nazis sought sanctuary there. By March 1944, more than 1,000 Jews lived there. In September 1943, when the Nazis took over, head rabbi
3419:. Those who could not get past British immigration restrictions simply came on tourist visas and disappeared into Tel Aviv's Greek community. Among them were some 500 dockworkers and their families, who settled in Haifa to work at its newly constructed
3155:
lands on Greek ground which were formerly parts of the
Byzantine Empire. The Jews were at that time economically powerful though small in number, comprised a community of their own, separately from the Christians, and dealt in money lending.
3890:
The community of
Thessaloniki accused Germany to pay the manumission payments back, that the Jews of Greece paid to rescue their family members, after the Nazis asked for this money, but the Nazis hadn't freed the family members anyway. The
2537:. Despite efforts by Greeks to protect them, some 4,000 Jews were deported from the Bulgarian occupation zone to the Treblinka extermination camp. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, a large percentage of the surviving community emigrated to
5277:
3672:
In Corfu, after the fall of Italian fascism in 1943, the Nazis took control of the island. Corfu's mayor at the time, Kollas, was a known collaborator and various anti-Semitic laws were passed by the Nazis that now formed the
3898:
In World War II the Deutsche Reichsbahn helped the Nazis to deport the Jews from Greece. In 2014, representatives of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki demanded from the Deutsche Bahn, which is the successor of the
2628:
Most Jews in Greece are Sephardic, but Greece is also the home of the unique Romaniote culture. Besides the Sephardim and the Romaniotes, some Northern-Italian, Sicilian, Apulian, Provençal, Mizrahi and small
3037:
After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, elements of Roman civilisation continued on in the Byzantine Empire. The Jews of Greece began to come under increasing attention from Byzantium's leadership in
3118:, before moving on to Constantinople. In Thebes, he reported a Jewish population of 2,000, the largest Jewish community in any Byzantine city of the 12th century, after Constantinople, the empire's capital.
3336:. Thessaloniki's Jewish community comprised more than half of the city's population until the early 1900s. As a result of the Jewish influence on the city, many non-Jewish inhabitants of Thessaloniki spoke
3507:, where most of the Jewish population were deported and killed. In contrast, larger percentages of Jews were able to survive, where the local population was helpful and hid the persecuted Jews, such as
4113:
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3747:
returned to the Germans with a list of two names; his own and the mayor's. The island's population hid every member of the Jewish community. In 1947, a large number of the Jews of Zakynthos made
3538:, and most of their 60 synagogues and schools were destroyed, along with the old Jewish cemetery in the center of the city. Only 1,950 survived. Many survivors later emigrated to Israel and the
3914:
planned together with the Jewish community of Thessaloniki in 2014, the reopening of the Faculty of Jewish Studies. A former Jewish faculty was abolished 80 years before by the Greek dictator
3989:
to a Greek citizenship through their ancestor(s) born in Greece. For the process of obtaining one's Greek citizenship, there is no need to prove the religious denomination of the ancestors.
3007:, was instrumental in the founding of many Christian churches throughout Rome, including Asia Minor and Greece. Paul's second missionary journey included proselytizing at Thessaloniki's
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in Greece. Currently the Jewish community of Greece makes great efforts to establish a Holocaust museum in the country. A permanent pavilion about the Holocaust of Greek Jews in
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5424:
2907:
led to the territory changing rulership rapidly as Alexander's successors fought over control over the Persian territories. The region eventually came to be controlled by the
3903:, reimbursement for the heirs of Holocaust victims of Thessaloniki for the train fares that they were forced to pay for their deportation from Thessaloniki to Auschwitz and
2501:, a distinct Jewish population that historically lived in communities throughout Greece and neighboring areas with large Greek populations, Greece had a large population of
4848:
on the Holocaust in Corfu. "two hundred of the 2,000 Corfu Jews found sanctuary with Christian families" Also contains information about the Nazi collaborator mayor Kollas.
3698:
in recognition of the Jewish contribution and continued presence in Corfu city. An active Synagogue (Συναγωγή) is an integral part of Evraiki today with about 65 members.
3759:, the first relief came from Israel, with a message that read "The Jews of Zakynthos have never forgotten their Mayor or their beloved Bishop and what they did for us."
1137:
5131:
3887:. Today the Jews of Greece are integrated and are working in all fields of the Greek state and the Greek society, such in the fields of economy, science and politics.
2808:(Contra Apionem, I, 176–183), an even earlier mention of a Hellenized Jew by a Greek writer was to be found in the work "De Somno" (not extant) by the Greek historian
3980:
are on a high level. The relations between the Jewish community and the state are also good. However, prejudice against Jews is still deeply rooted in Greek society.
3430:, which was not typically hostile to Jews in general despite its fascist character, the stance of the Greek State towards the Jewish community was further improved.
4426:
3883:. As of 2020, about 5,000 Jews live in Greece, mostly in Athens (2500), with less than 1,000 in Thessaloniki. The Greek Jewish community has traditionally been
1715:
5064:
4014:
6058:
4724:
1370:
1065:
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Constantinople in 1547 has the Hebrew text in the middle of the page, with a Judaeo-Spanish translation on one side and a Yevanic translation on the other.
6419:
6233:
3973:
After a period, Alexandros Modiano, a Greek-Jewish politician, has been voted to official duties. Alexandros Modiano works in the City Council of Athens.
1257:
2465:
4841:
3947:
won 18 seats in the Greek Parliament. Reportedly in 2005, it was officially disbanded, to no avail, by its leadership after conflicts with police and
3828:
became one of the most honoured Greek officers of World War II in the postwar years, with a monument outside the national military academy in Athens.
5195:
229:
3728:
At Thessaloniki individual police officers rescued their Jewish friends and occasionally even their families, while in Athens the chief of police,
1252:
4120:
3519:. Perhaps the most important rescue efforts took place in Athens, where some 1,200 Jews were given false identity cards following the efforts of
1500:
6547:
4814:
3725:
off the Karageorge passenger boat, massacred them and sank the boat. The Bulgarians confiscated all of the Jewish properties and possessions.
3042:. Some Byzantine emperors were anxious to exploit the wealth of the Jews of Greece, and imposed special taxes on them, while others attempted
6477:
5251:
5158:
1754:
4078:
3169:
6113:
4292:
6287:
5814:
4450:"Chronika" Vol. 57, Periodical of the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece, Athens March 1983, transl. from Goldschmidt, D. In
3273:("rabbi tax"). Sometimes, local rulers would also levy taxes for themselves, in addition to the taxes sent to the central authorities in
3046:
to Christianity. The latter pressure met with little success, as it was resisted by both the Jewish community and by the Greek Christian
3020:
739:
702:
4782:
3332:
with immigrants from the West later in the century, moreover, some of Thessaloniki's Jews soon became the target of Greek and Armenian
5633:
5372:
4532:
2980:
existence, were joined by a new Jewish colony in the 1st century AD. The Jews of Thessaloniki "enjoyed wide autonomy" in Roman times.
6684:
6497:
6327:
6141:
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Ganymedes: Als Beilage Zu D. Nachrichten uber den Bestand und die Thatigkeit des Nicolai-Gymnasiums zu Liben im Laufe des Jahres 1881
3944:
3876:
1678:
5421:
2548:
As of 2019 the Jewish community in Greece amounts to about 6,000 people out of a population of 10.8 million, concentrated mainly in
6522:
6412:
6226:
5734:
3485:
3460:
3312:
of the 17th century. However, following the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1715, Jews returned and lived there in relative peace.
1701:
3530:
On July 11, 1942, the Jews of Thessaloniki were rounded up in preparation for slave labour. The community paid a fee of 2 billion
6694:
4125:
2518:
1051:
6782:
6734:
6609:
6604:
6297:
4020:
3872:
2777:. In the 2nd century BCE, Hyrcanus, a leader in the Jewish community of Athens, was honoured by the raising of a statue in the
2458:
1628:
1563:
1445:
2482:
can be traced back to at least the fourth century BCE. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited
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5688:
5627:
5600:
5555:
4698:
4673:
4568:
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government of the island. In early June 1944, while the Allies bombed Corfu as a diversion from the landing in Normandy, the
749:
6739:
6569:
5116:
Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1973; Patterns of survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust
1187:
4468:
4337:"Short History Of The Jewish Communities In Greece (pdf), publicized by the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece"
4336:
2737:, the city which was to be named "Mother of Israel" in the years to come. The traditional language of Greek Sephardim was
2669:, but Yevanic has no surviving speakers recorded; today's Greek Romaniotes speak Greek. Large communities were located in
6818:
6744:
6405:
6219:
5881:
4985:, in Mr. Mor (ed.), Crisis and Reaction: The Hero in Jewish History, Omaha, Creighton University Press, 1995, p. 229–238.
4190:
1455:
1272:
1262:
502:
3488:. Although the Germans deported a great number of Greek Jews, some were successfully hidden by their Greek neighbours.
2972:
describes Greek Jews as a separate community from the Jews of Judaea, and the Jews of Greece did not participate in the
6669:
5656:
4928:
3771:
1851:
1801:
1766:
1460:
1325:
1192:
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communities have existed as well, in Thessaloniki and elsewhere. All these communities had not only their own custom (
6639:
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6574:
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5886:
5683:
Annette B. Fromm, Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece, Lexington Books, 2008,
5132:"Amid their country's financial crisis, Greek Jews struggle and brace for more turmoil - Jewish Telegraphic Agency"
4892:
3785:
2839:
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Romaniote Jews have lived in the territory of today's Greece for more than 2000 years. Their historic language was
1836:
1818:
1724:
1618:
1470:
1465:
1390:
1355:
1222:
5065:"Greek Jews of Military Age May Go to Israel if They Pledge Never to Return to Greece - Jewish Telegraphic Agency"
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Blümel, Tobias (2017). "Antisemitism as political theology in Greece and its impact on Greek Jewry, 1967–1979".
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6502:
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6447:
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4000:
3376:
In general loyal to the Ottoman Empire, the Jews of southern Greece did not have a positive stance towards the
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1813:
1781:
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5299:
6813:
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6729:
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6517:
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6428:
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6018:
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5854:
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4195:
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1786:
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1633:
1613:
1583:
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1495:
1395:
1380:
1304:
1294:
1212:
1182:
1107:
1093:
4630:
Tsougarakis, N. I. and Lock, P. A Companion to Latin Greece, pp. 128, 142 and a chapter about the Jews. 2014
3098:
visited Greece during his travels around 1161/1162 CE. After leaving southern Italy and sailing through the
6704:
6659:
6584:
6554:
5727:
4838:
3959:
3880:
3324:
Allatini family, took advantage of new trade opportunities with the rest of Europe. According to historian
3121:
The first settlement of Ashkenazi Jews in Greece occurred in 1376, heralding an Ashkenazi immigration from
3066:
1856:
1776:
1739:
1663:
1608:
1475:
1450:
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1350:
1340:
1279:
1202:
1197:
1177:
1167:
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729:
493:
488:
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6185:
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5622:
Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series. Stanford Stanford University Press, 2016. 400 pp.
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3315:
The middle of the 19th century, however, brought a change to Greek Jewish life. The Janissaries had been
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1405:
1365:
1360:
1217:
523:
2757:
6008:
4185:
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In 1519, the Jews represented 56% of the population of Thessaloniki, and in 1613, their share was 68%.
2320:
2165:
1873:
1267:
463:
453:
189:
17:
4060:
3025:
6174:
6147:
5440:
3892:
3439:
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3309:
3215:
2434:
2127:
1978:
1919:
810:
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4560:
4533:
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=J.+Ap.+1.176&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0215
3542:. Today the Jewish population of Thessaloniki numbers roughly 1,000, and maintains two synagogues.
3298:
2643:
printed for the congregations in Greece. The large variety of Jewish customs in Greece was unique.
2137:
2117:
1227:
707:
248:
3664:
3448:
6280:
6157:
6023:
6013:
5987:
5859:
5824:
5720:
4200:
3316:
2850:
2278:
2268:
2233:
2112:
2102:
1885:
1056:
998:
832:
511:
468:
183:
2920:
the period between the death of Alexander and the 2nd century BCE led to a resurgence of Jewish
6038:
5926:
4639:
4229:
3930:
3756:
3744:
3476:. 12,898 Greek Jews fought in the Greek army, one of the best-known amongst them being Colonel
3199:
2973:
2397:
2132:
2046:
1112:
664:
283:
253:
2924:, which would inspire revolutionary sentiment when Jerusalem became part of the Roman Empire.
6322:
6028:
5103:
3520:
3393:
3083:(טוביה בן אליעזר), a Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, worked and lived in the city of
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2283:
2228:
2016:
931:
659:
646:
541:
258:
5274:"MONUMENT UNVEILED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI – IN MEMORY OF THE OLD JEWISH CEMETERY"
4552:
6377:
5931:
4066:
3911:
3849:
3174:
2904:
2789:
2585:
2359:
2311:
2051:
1909:
722:
587:
576:
534:
5050:
5035:
8:
6053:
5809:
4944:
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3900:
3755:(later Israel), while others moved to Athens. When the island was almost levelled by the
3674:
3408:
3397:
3058:
3030:
3000:
2888:
2878:
2412:
2107:
785:
652:
555:
548:
478:
366:
241:
3194:
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or later conflicts. The Jews of Thessaloniki, speaking a dialect of Greek, and living a
6211:
6200:
6190:
6122:
6048:
5911:
5535:
5478:
4510:
4046:
3752:
3743:, was presented with the German order to hand over a list of Jews, Metropolitan Bishop
3717:
On March 4, 1943, Bulgarian soldiers with help from German soldiers took the Jews from
3095:
3091:
a midrashic commentary on the Pentateuch and the Five Megillot and also of some poems.
3080:
2953:
2785:
2263:
2213:
2160:
2155:
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1939:
1207:
1036:
795:
715:
569:
135:
4318:
4032:
6355:
6195:
5699:
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5665:
Andrew Apostolou, "Mother of Israel, Orphan of History: Writing on Jewish Salonika",
5623:
5596:
5569:
5551:
5539:
4924:
4669:
4611:
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3453:
3129:
to avoid the persecution of Jews throughout the 15th century. Jewish immigrants from
3043:
2984:
2908:
2884:
2828:
2809:
2407:
2349:
2329:
2146:
1706:
1345:
805:
676:
606:
483:
396:
263:
4608:
Travellers, Merchants and Settlers in the Eastern Mediterranean, 11th-14th Centuries
3791:
6137:
5967:
5916:
5673:
5527:
4323:
3825:
3812:
3710:
3477:
3443:
3369:
3219:
2988:
2892:
2522:
2377:
2258:
2218:
2182:
1880:
1430:
941:
697:
601:
516:
406:
198:
96:
92:
30:
5972:
5531:
6170:
6063:
5957:
5947:
5660:
5590:
5428:
4918:
4880:
4845:
4818:
4789:
4548:
4472:
4378:
4299:
3963:
3915:
3804:
3361:
3242:
3004:
2965:
2896:
2843:
2510:
2490:, also known as "Greek Jews." The term "Greek Jew" is predominantly used for any
2339:
2298:
2293:
2273:
2195:
2189:
2122:
2074:
1914:
1895:
1046:
775:
687:
670:
214:
84:
6397:
3681:
rounded up the Jews of the city, temporarily incarcerated them at the old fort (
6317:
5921:
5782:
5777:
4465:
4347:
4163:
3800:
3531:
3427:
3337:
3274:
3211:
3146:
3107:
3070:
3062:
3039:
2992:
2937:
2854:
2793:
2744:
2738:
2674:
2666:
2652:
2630:
2526:
2439:
2238:
2093:
1973:
1952:
1929:
1924:
1902:
1890:
1485:
966:
900:
865:
843:
780:
618:
596:
458:
437:
413:
179:
161:
125:
88:
80:
38:
34:
5712:
5677:
3781:
3472:
During World War II, Greece was conquered by Nazi Germany and occupied by the
6807:
5992:
5977:
5962:
5952:
5592:
In the Footsteps of the Jews of Greece: From Ancient Times to the Present Day
4593:
4177:
4142:
3857:
3740:
3729:
3539:
3524:
3420:
3329:
3319:
in 1826, and traditional commercial routes were being encroached upon by the
3238:, and enjoyed economic prosperity through commercial trading in the Balkans.
3231:
3203:
2996:
2969:
2597:
2557:
2542:
2530:
2514:
2502:
2387:
2382:
1588:
1515:
1041:
890:
885:
880:
870:
848:
800:
562:
401:
306:
268:
219:
5653:
5643:
3682:
3269:
3137:
also arrived in Greece, and created new Jewish communities in Thessaloniki.
5982:
5906:
5561:
4873:
4858:
4264:, The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 1
4261:
4205:
4105:
3948:
3884:
3853:
3775:
3767:
3701:
3492:
3481:
3384:
3325:
3320:
3257:
3183:
3165:
3151:
3115:
3099:
2961:
2957:
2895:
in 332 BC, defeating the Persian empire which had held the territory since
2862:
2858:
2734:
2682:
2613:
2601:
2553:
2417:
2243:
2084:
2079:
2037:
1990:
1084:
951:
936:
895:
860:
473:
315:
5008:
2857:, until the tragic near-destruction of the community after Greece fell to
4500:
The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 3
4371:
3910:
According to the significant Jewish past and present of Thessaloniki the
3824:
Recognised for his contributions to the Greek cause early on in the war,
3473:
3287:
2912:
2900:
2824:
2534:
2402:
2344:
2009:
915:
910:
905:
875:
5009:"Mordechai Frizis: The Pride of the Greek Jewish Community - Greek News"
4583:
Medieval Jewish Civilisation: An Encyclopedia, Norman Roth, 2014 p. 127.
4280:
The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p.2
3871:
A Jewish minority continues to live in Greece. There are communities in
4699:
Remembering the Past: Jewish Culture Battling for Survival in Macedonia
4666:
Jewish questions: responsa on Sephardic life in the early modern period
3845:
3817:
3246:
2977:
2921:
2916:
2835:
2817:
2498:
2487:
2060:
1074:
1003:
961:
790:
770:
329:
236:
156:
5654:
The Holocaust in Greece at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5300:"Breathing New Life Into Greece's Small but Historic Jewish Community"
4606:
Jacoby, David (2014). "Benjamin of Tudela and his „Book of Travels"".
4141:
An inscription on a rock by the sea of a possibly Jewish traveller at
3983:
2769:
The first recorded mention of Judaism in Greece dates from 300 to 250
57:
6091:
5090:
3904:
3865:
3736:
3686:
3535:
3341:
3235:
3008:
2874:
2849:
Greek Jews played an important role in Greek history, from the early
2813:
2801:
2718:
2223:
2208:
1298:
1246:
1008:
956:
946:
627:
623:
613:
528:
288:
5225:
976:
5373:"Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents Around the World in 2012"
4555:
The Great Transformation: The Beginning of our Religious Traditions
4085:
3718:
3496:
3465:
3412:
3389:
3365:
3227:
3084:
3054:
2942:
2805:
2726:
2670:
2573:
2506:
2392:
2002:
1934:
765:
273:
224:
5680:. A review of recent work on the Jewish community of Thessaloniki.
5634:
Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU, 2002-2003 Part on Greece
5252:"Thessaloniki University to get chair in Jewish Studies, memorial"
5118:, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison and Teaneck, 1996,
4652:
Salonique 1850–1918, la "ville des Juifs" et le réveil des Balkans
3921:
Today, the current Chief Rabbi of Greece is Rabbi Gabriel Negrin.
3705:
Deportations of Jews from Greece.1943-1944. Anastasios Karababas,
3263:
2748:
The wedding clothing of a Sepharadi Greek couple, ca. 19th century
6255:
5762:
5749:
5612:
Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950
4998:, Julliard, 2007, pp. 121–122 (Chapter: Because of good and evil)
4592:
Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures,
4452:
4038:
3678:
3668:
A forged identity card with Christian alias during the Occupation
3512:
3345:
3333:
3294:
3223:
3126:
3122:
3111:
2686:
2678:
2662:
2658:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2368:
2334:
2203:
1997:
986:
981:
853:
744:
639:
635:
631:
380:
375:
352:
334:
209:
204:
194:
172:
147:
108:
6243:
5744:
3799:
Many Jews from Salonika were put on death-camp work detail, the
5755:
5696:
State, Nationalism, and the Jewish Communities of Modern Greece
5648:
Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture
4466:
The Holocaust in Greece: Ioannina. URL accessed April 15, 2006.
4070:
4024:
3861:
3841:
3816:, one of the most famous works of literature of the Holocaust,
3748:
3722:
3508:
3504:
3404:
3344:
Jews, and the city virtually shut down on Saturday, the Jewish
3305:
3134:
3130:
2774:
2762:
2706:
2702:
2690:
2639:
2634:
2606:
2593:
2589:
2549:
2538:
2483:
2028:
2023:
1983:
1968:
1079:
971:
391:
357:
343:
278:
121:
5620:
Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece.
5051:"Israel president attends Holocaust museum ceremony in Greece"
3308:, which had existed since antiquity, left the city during the
3222:
in 1913. During this period, the centre of Jewish life in the
2932:
2494:
that lives in or originates from the modern region of Greece.
5036:"Greek president, jeered by name deal foes, denounces Nazism"
4427:"ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΥ ΕΒΡΑΪΣΜΟΥ"
4052:
3936:
repeatedly met with disbelief by Greece's Jewish population.
3763:
3516:
3500:
3433:
3416:
3251:
3214:
from the mid-15th century, until the conclusion of first the
3170:
History of the Jews in Thessaloniki § Under the Ottomans
3103:
3074:
3047:
2778:
2730:
2722:
2698:
2694:
2581:
2565:
991:
420:
324:
293:
5566:
The Balkans: nationalism, war and the great powers 1804-1999
4762:
The Balkans: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers 1804-1999
4641:, Jewish Virtual Library The Virtual History Tour of Greece.
3739:, however, survived the Holocaust. When the island's mayor,
3380:; so often they became also targets by the revolutionaries.
2505:, and is a historical center of Sephardic life; the city of
116:
3234:
of Thessaloniki were the exclusive tailors for the Ottoman
2797:
143:
5638:
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC)
5505:, Website of the US-American-Greek Lawyer Christos Kiosses
5479:"Greece Passes 'Law of Return' for Aged, Native-born Jews"
4857:
From the interview of a survivor interviewed in the film "
4668:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. p. 6.
2770:
2617:
2491:
6241:
5458:
4963:
3452:
Jewish soldier (right) at the Albanian front during the
2521:, and became a source of education and commerce for the
3403:
In 1934, a large number of Jews from Thessaloniki made
3249:" to the Ottoman authorities. These taxes included the
5176:
3774:
resistance movement to find sanctuary for the Jews in
3348:, given it sometimes the name of 'Little Jerusalem."
3057:
was written down in the 10th century in the Byzantine
3011:
until driven out of the city by its Jewish community.
2620:
elected mayor in Greece. He was elected in June 2019.
3182:, marking the southeastern edge of Jewish quarter of
5093:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.
4496:
4494:
4492:
4153:
2007:
1988:
411:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
3984:
Obtaining Greek citizenship for Jews outside Greece
3879:. The community has had a small decrease since the
3732:, and his men actively supported and rescued Jews.
3480:, in a force which first successfully repelled the
2827:(modern Lebanon). These Jews were derived from the
2616:, a 65-year-old doctor is believed to be the first
4543:
4541:
4319:Doctor thought to be 1st Jew voted mayor in Greece
3713:), Vallentine Mitchell, London/Chicago, 2024, p.15
3534:for their freedom. Yet 50,000 people were sent to
6427:
5249:
4489:
4456:, Vol. 13, Jerusalem, Ben Zvi Institute 1971-1978
4383:The Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece
4372:Current Activities of the Jewish Museum of Greece
3795:Holocaust memorial at the Jewish cemetery, Rhodes
6805:
5048:
5033:
4812:The Jerusalem of the Balkans: Salonica 1856-1919
4517:. Liepaja: Verlag von Rudolph Puhze. p. 10.
4267:
4244:
3840:Following the war, many Greek Jews emigrated to
2823:"'Well', said Aristotle, 'the man was a Jew of
2820:, who was fluent in Greek language and thought:
2816:(who lived in the 4th century BCE) and a Jew in
5742:
4538:
2812:. Here Clearchus describes the meeting between
2752:
2533:after Greece was conquered and occupied by the
5398:"Thessaloniki remembers lost Jewish community"
5159:"With Economy Crashing, Greek Jews Eye Aliyah"
4983:Forgotten heroes: Greek Jewry in the holocaust
4644:
3978:diplomatic relations between Greece and Israel
3077:edited and expanded the Sefer Josippon later.
2517:." Greek Jews played an important role in the
6413:
6227:
6107:
5728:
4725:"Federasyonumuz Ağustos'ta Batı Trakya'daydı"
4633:
3546:General and Jewish population of Thessaloniki
3426:Later, with the establishment in 1936 of the
3396:was one of the first countries to accept the
3149:degraded the position of the Jews in the new
2459:
4776:
4559:(First ed.). New York: Knopf. pp.
4482:
4480:
4119:The Chief Rabbi of Athens from 1913 to 1924
2623:
4691:
4509:
4503:
4288:
4286:
3491:The losses were significant in places like
3468:are forced to exercise or dance, July 1942.
3360:Many Greek Jews including the ancestors of
3021:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
703:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
6420:
6406:
6234:
6220:
6114:
6100:
5735:
5721:
5196:"One way tickets Thessaloniki – Auschwitz"
4923:. Stanford University Press. p. 148.
3434:World War II, Resistance and the Holocaust
2466:
2452:
56:
6142:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
5588:
5464:
5182:
4969:
4767:
4708:
4682:
4547:
4477:
4329:
4314:
4312:
3924:
3033:is offered gold and silver by the Rabbis.
2964:had a different experience than those of
2733:. They largely settled in cities such as
5693:
5520:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies
5126:
5124:
4874:Central Jewish Council of Greece website
4834:
4832:
4830:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4794:Athens -- United States Holocaust Museum
4783:Athens -- United States Holocaust Museum
4459:
4283:
3992:
3790:
3780:
3700:
3663:
3459:
3447:
3355:
3193:
3173:
3024:
2931:
2756:
2743:
115:
5609:
5579:
5271:
4839:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4663:
4397:"Holocaust Museum to Be Build [
4304:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3770:worked with Archbishop Ioakeim and the
3685:) and on the 10th of June sent them to
2834:Archaeologists have discovered ancient
2717:The majority of the Jews in Greece are
14:
6806:
6121:
5802:
5517:
5326:
5317:
4916:
4869:
4867:
4605:
4531:, I.176-183. Retrieved 6/16/2012 from
4394:
4309:
3707:In the Footsteps of the Jews of Greece
2712:
6401:
6215:
6095:
5716:
5476:
5156:
5121:
4945:"Bird flu confirmed in Jordan Valley"
4851:
4827:
4799:
4365:
3835:
3351:
2983:Originally a persecutor of the early
2868:
2529:, until suffering devastation in the
5589:Karababas, Anastasios (2024-01-30).
4988:
4424:
4401:] in Greece - GreekReporter.com"
6276:Karaolos prisoner of war camp (WWI)
4864:
4511:Veckenstedt, Johann Albrecht Edmund
4230:"The Virtual Jewish World — Greece"
4191:History of the Jews of Thessaloniki
3014:
2911:, and the area became increasingly
2853:, through the Byzantine Empire and
24:
5595:. Vallentine Mitchell Publishers.
5546:Giorgios Antoniou, A. Dirk Moses:
4920:The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945
4917:Bowman, Steven B. (October 2009).
4750:The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940-1945
4293:Zakynthos: The Holocaust in Greece
25:
6835:
5353:from the original on 10 June 2015
4822:The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki
4007:Monastir Synagogue (Thessaloniki)
3159:
2846:, dating to the 2nd century BCE.
2519:early development of Christianity
494:Historical population comparisons
6328:Cypriot people of Jewish descent
6254:
6242:
5761:
5743:
5644:Jewish Community of Thessaloniki
5343:"Greece's Jewish museum defaced"
4170:
4156:
4134:
4112:
4097:
4077:
4059:
4045:
4031:
4013:
3999:
3945:in September 2015 Greek election
3786:Holocaust memorial, Thessaloniki
2995:, himself a Hellenized Jew from
2840:Synagogue in the Agora of Athens
1138:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1052:Historical population by country
5640:. URL accessed April 15, 2006.
5496:
5470:
5433:
5415:
5390:
5365:
5335:
5292:
5265:
5243:
5218:
5188:
5150:
5108:
5097:
5083:
5057:
5049:Costas Kantouris (2018-01-30).
5042:
5034:Costas Kantouris (2019-01-27).
5027:
5001:
4975:
4937:
4910:
4885:
4754:
4742:
4717:
4657:
4624:
4610:. Routledge. pp. 160–161.
4599:
4586:
4577:
4521:
4444:
4395:Makris, A. (22 December 2013).
3907:between March and August 1943.
3140:
3063:Greek-speaking Jewish community
2927:
2903:. After Alexander's death, the
2761:Mosaic floor of a synagogue in
6429:History of the Jews in Europe
6356:Larnaca (also Great Synagogue)
5650:. URL accessed April 15, 2006.
4418:
4388:
4385:. URL accessed April 15, 2006.
4222:
3735:The 275 Jews of the island of
2960:in 146 BC. The Jews living in
2586:functioning synagogue on Crete
13:
1:
6019:Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki
5584:. Princeton University Press.
5550:. Cambridge University 2018,
5532:10.1080/14683857.2017.1324263
5503:Obtaining A Greek Citizenship
5477:Maltz, Judy (21 March 2014).
5441:"Δημοτικοί Σύμβουλοι - Αθήνα"
4824:. URL accessed July 10, 2006.
4796:, URL accessed July 15, 2015.
4705:. URL accessed July 10, 2006.
4216:
4196:History of the Jews in Cyprus
3856:. Some also emigrated to the
3218:ending in 1832, and then the
2804:were no doubt. According to
2646:
2525:and throughout the period of
2480:history of the Jews in Greece
709:Christianity and Judaism
6281:Internment camps (post-WWII)
6054:Don Pacifico affair and case
5568:, New York: Viking Penguin.
4727:. 2015-09-27. Archived from
4306:, URL accessed May 25, 2014.
4232:. The Virtual Jewish Library
3966:, who delivered a speech to
3960:Greek government debt crisis
3881:Greek government-debt crisis
3067:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
2987:until his conversion on the
2753:History of Judaism in Greece
2513:, was called the "Mother of
7:
5694:Doxiadis, Evdoxios (2018).
5157:Maltz, Judy (8 July 2012).
4149:
3212:ruled by the Ottoman Empire
3180:White Tower of Thessaloniki
2637:), they also had their own
2588:, while very few remain in
2008:
1989:
1716:Latin America and Caribbean
412:
10:
6840:
6819:Jews and Judaism in Greece
6250:Jews and Judaism in Cyprus
6009:Holocaust Museum of Greece
5511:
4186:Holocaust Museum of Greece
3928:
3848:, and many settled in the
3437:
3163:
3087:. He is the author of the
3018:
2872:
2650:
2321:Jewish political movements
2018:Conversion to Judaism
28:
6753:
6715:
6435:
6373:
6341:
6306:
6263:
6166:
6129:
6078:
6037:
6001:
5940:
5899:
5837:
5791:
5770:
5698:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
5678:10.1080/13537120601063499
5230:www.zug-der-erinnerung.eu
4471:October 20, 2004, at the
3895:dismissed this petition.
3893:European Court of Justice
3745:Chrysostomos of Zakynthos
3440:Axis Occupation of Greece
3378:Greek War of Independence
3301:for the years 1566–1579.
3216:Greek War of Independence
2838:in Greece, including the
2721:whose ancestors had left
2624:Jewish cultures in Greece
724:Hinduism and Judaism
107:
102:
79:
74:
69:
64:
55:
6070:National Union of Greece
5582:Greece: A Jewish History
4897:JewishVirtualLibrary.org
3757:great earthquake of 1953
3304:The Jewish community in
3094:Spanish Jewish explorer
550:Temple in Jerusalem
243:Bar and bat mitzvah
6333:Cyprus–Israel relations
6024:Jewish Museum of Rhodes
6014:Jewish Museum of Greece
5548:The Holocaust in Greece
5250:World Jewish Congress.
4211:Greece–Israel relations
4201:Jewish Museum of Greece
3943:, exists in Greece and
2851:History of Christianity
512:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6478:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5927:Hebrew Political Union
5610:Mazower, Mark (2004).
5377:Anti-Defamation League
4664:Goldish, Matt (2008).
3931:Antisemitism in Greece
3925:Antisemitism in Greece
3796:
3788:
3714:
3669:
3469:
3457:
3373:
3340:, the language of the
3207:
3200:Kahal Shalom Synagogue
3191:
3034:
2974:First Jewish-Roman War
2946:
2766:
2749:
2689:and on the islands of
2612:Independent candidate
128:
6824:Romaniote Jews topics
6148:Roman Catholic Church
6029:Kehila Kedosha Janina
5200:faktencheckhellas.org
4703:Central Europe Review
4697:Daskalovski, Zhidas.
4021:Beth Shalom Synagogue
3993:Jewish religious life
3939:A neo-fascist group,
3929:Further information:
3805:Greek national anthem
3794:
3784:
3704:
3667:
3521:Archbishop Damaskinos
3463:
3451:
3394:Eleftherios Venizelos
3359:
3310:Ottoman–Venetian wars
3297:was appointed as the
3230:or Thessaloniki. The
3197:
3177:
3028:
2935:
2891:conquered the former
2760:
2747:
1258:São Tomé and Príncipe
1253:Republic of the Congo
647:Second Temple Judaism
518:Kingdom of Judah
489:Modern historiography
119:
6814:Jewish Greek history
6379:List of Cypriot Jews
5932:Maccabi Thessaloniki
5580:Fleming, KE (2008).
5226:"Zug der Erinnerung"
5091:"The Jews of Greece"
4748:Bowman, Stephen B.:
4353:on 26 September 2007
4067:Etz Hayyim Synagogue
3912:Aristotle University
3852:and the area around
3850:Florentine, Tel Aviv
3383:The Ottoman rule in
3243:expulsion from Spain
3188:the Mother of Israel
3029:"Byzantine Emperor"
2905:Wars of the Diadochi
2509:or Thessaloniki, in
2360:World Agudath Israel
1501:United Arab Emirates
588:Second Temple period
578:Babylonian captivity
124:(dark green) in the
6716:States with limited
6059:1891 riots in Corfu
5810:Hellenistic Judaism
5445:www.cityofathens.gr
5114:Plaut, Joshua Eli,
5053:. Associated Press.
5038:. Associated Press.
5013:GreekNewsOnline.com
4527:Josephus, Flavius.
4090:Leonidas Papazoglou
3901:Deutsche Reichsbahn
3409:Mandatory Palestine
3398:Balfour Declaration
3368:during the violent
3299:Duke of Archipelago
3031:Alexander the Great
3001:Alexander the Great
2999:, part of the post-
2889:Alexander the Great
2879:Hellenistic Judaism
2829:Indian philosophers
2713:Sephardim in Greece
653:Hellenistic Judaism
231:Land of Israel
190:Principles of faith
52:
6386:List of synagogues
6123:Religion in Greece
6049:Rhodes blood libel
5912:Jewish Koine Greek
5659:2006-03-06 at the
5427:2013-10-29 at the
5206:on 8 February 2017
4879:2007-10-17 at the
4844:2012-12-08 at the
4817:2008-12-26 at the
4788:2015-07-15 at the
4650:Gilles Veinstein,
4425:Matathia, Rachel.
4377:2006-10-09 at the
4298:2014-05-21 at the
3968:Monastir Synagogue
3836:Post-war community
3797:
3789:
3715:
3694:(Εβραική) meaning
3670:
3562:Jewish percentage
3559:Jewish population
3470:
3458:
3374:
3352:Independent Greece
3208:
3192:
3096:Benjamin of Tudela
3081:Tobiah ben Eliezer
3044:forced conversions
3035:
2954:Hellenistic Greece
2947:
2899:' conquest of the
2869:Hellenistic period
2796:, as his brothers
2786:Edmund Veckenstedt
2767:
2750:
2214:Jewish Koine Greek
1756:Dominican Republic
1037:Judaism by country
716:Jews and Christmas
571:Assyrian captivity
129:
46:
6801:
6800:
6395:
6394:
6209:
6208:
6152:Greek Catholicism
6089:
6088:
5895:
5894:
5833:
5832:
5705:978-1-4742-6348-1
5689:978-0-7391-2061-3
5628:978-1-5036-0008-9
5602:978-1-80371-043-3
5556:978-1-108-47467-2
5402:TimesOfIsrael.com
5280:on 5 January 2022
5015:. 29 October 2012
4675:978-0-691-12264-9
4570:978-0-676-97465-2
4405:GreekReporter.com
3970:in Thessaloniki.
3662:
3661:
3556:Total population
3523:and police chief
3454:Greco-Italian War
2985:Jewish Christians
2909:Ptolemaic dynasty
2885:Macedonian empire
2810:Clearchus of Soli
2773:on the island of
2476:
2475:
2425:
2424:
2173:
2172:
1920:Reconstructionist
1864:
1863:
1016:
1015:
823:
822:
660:Jewish–Roman wars
608:Hasmonean dynasty
524:Kingdom of Israel
428:
427:
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
6831:
6754:Dependencies and
6695:Northern Ireland
6436:Sovereign states
6422:
6415:
6408:
6399:
6398:
6387:
6380:
6345:
6310:
6288:Byzantine Empire
6258:
6251:
6246:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6213:
6212:
6138:Church of Greece
6116:
6109:
6102:
6093:
6092:
6083:
6041:
5968:Mordechai Frizis
5917:Yevanic language
5860:Internment camps
5835:
5834:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5765:
5758:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5615:
5614:. HarperCollins.
5606:
5585:
5543:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5437:
5431:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5349:. 25 July 2010.
5339:
5333:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5276:. Archived from
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5202:. Archived from
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5128:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5005:
4999:
4996:If This Is a Man
4992:
4986:
4981:Yitschak Kerem,
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4889:
4883:
4871:
4862:
4855:
4849:
4836:
4825:
4808:
4797:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4765:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4706:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4661:
4655:
4648:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4603:
4597:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4558:
4549:Armstrong, Karen
4545:
4536:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4487:
4484:
4475:
4463:
4457:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4392:
4386:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4346:. Archived from
4341:
4333:
4327:
4324:Associated Press
4316:
4307:
4290:
4281:
4278:
4265:
4259:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4226:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4138:
4129:
4116:
4101:
4081:
4063:
4049:
4035:
4017:
4003:
3826:Mordechai Frizis
3813:If This Is a Man
3711:Yiannis Boutaris
3550:
3549:
3478:Mordechai Frizis
3464:Greek Jews from
3444:Greek resistance
3370:First Balkan War
3220:First Balkan War
3198:Interior of the
3015:Byzantine Empire
2989:Road to Damascus
2952:and the rest of
2893:Kingdom of Judah
2765:, Greece, 300 CE
2556:(or Salonika in
2523:Byzantine Empire
2468:
2461:
2454:
2317:
2316:
2198:
2019:
2013:
1994:
1958:
1957:
1905:
1852:New Zealand
1804:
1767:El Salvador
1757:
1689:Northern America
1681:
1275:
1031:
1030:
942:Crimean Karaites
838:
837:
816:
814:
735:
733:
725:
719:
710:
698:Rabbinic Judaism
679:
673:
667:
655:
643:
609:
602:Maccabean Revolt
579:
572:
566:
558:
551:
545:
537:
519:
443:
442:
417:
312:
311:
244:
232:
131:
130:
120:The location of
95:(historically),
65:Total population
60:
53:
45:
31:Hellenistic Jews
21:
6839:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6755:
6749:
6735:Northern Cyprus
6717:
6711:
6610:North Macedonia
6431:
6426:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6378:
6369:
6343:
6337:
6308:
6302:
6298:Northern Cyprus
6259:
6249:
6240:
6210:
6205:
6175:Muslim minority
6162:
6134:Greek Orthodoxy
6125:
6120:
6090:
6085:
6081:
6074:
6064:Campbell pogrom
6039:
6033:
5997:
5958:Avraam Benaroya
5948:Mary the Jewess
5936:
5922:Ladino language
5891:
5829:
5793:
5787:
5766:
5756:
5750:
5741:
5706:
5661:Wayback Machine
5618:Naar, Devin E.
5603:
5514:
5509:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5475:
5471:
5463:
5459:
5449:
5447:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5429:Wayback Machine
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5308:
5306:
5304:Tablet Magazine
5298:
5297:
5293:
5283:
5281:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5098:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5074:
5072:
5071:. 20 March 2015
5063:
5062:
5058:
5047:
5043:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4993:
4989:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4951:. 24 March 2006
4943:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4881:Wayback Machine
4872:
4865:
4856:
4852:
4846:Wayback Machine
4837:
4828:
4819:Wayback Machine
4809:
4800:
4790:Wayback Machine
4781:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4759:
4755:
4747:
4743:
4734:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4676:
4662:
4658:
4649:
4645:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4604:
4600:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4546:
4539:
4526:
4522:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4473:Wayback Machine
4464:
4460:
4449:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4393:
4389:
4379:Wayback Machine
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4317:
4310:
4300:Wayback Machine
4291:
4284:
4279:
4268:
4260:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4130:
4123:
4117:
4108:
4102:
4093:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4050:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4009:
4004:
3995:
3986:
3964:Antonis Samaras
3933:
3927:
3916:Ioannis Metaxas
3838:
3801:Sonderkommandos
3548:
3446:
3436:
3362:Shelley Berkley
3354:
3172:
3164:Main articles:
3162:
3143:
3023:
3017:
3005:Seleucid Empire
2966:Judaea Province
2930:
2881:
2873:Main articles:
2871:
2844:Delos Synagogue
2755:
2715:
2655:
2649:
2626:
2511:Greek Macedonia
2497:Aside from the
2472:
2427:
2426:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2294:Judeo-Malayalam
2274:Judaeo-Georgian
2194:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2075:Yiddish theatre
2017:
1955:
1945:
1944:
1903:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1802:
1755:
1679:
1273:
1057:Genetic studies
1028:
1018:
1017:
835:
825:
824:
812:
811:
731:
730:
723:
713:
708:
690:and Middle Ages
688:Rabbinic period
675:
669:
662:
650:
621:
607:
577:
570:
561:
553:
549:
540:
535:in Judaism
532:
517:
440:
430:
429:
309:
299:
298:
242:
230:
175:
50:
49:Έλληνες Εβραίοι
48:
44:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6837:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6759:
6757:
6756:other entities
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6721:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6685:United Kingdom
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6498:Czech Republic
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6425:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6402:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6382:
6374:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6353:
6349:
6347:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6216:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6145:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6096:
6087:
6086:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5942:
5941:Notable people
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5847:
5841:
5839:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5815:Byzantine Jews
5812:
5806:
5804:
5797:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5783:Sephardic Jews
5780:
5778:Romaniote Jews
5774:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5704:
5691:
5681:
5667:Israel Affairs
5663:
5651:
5641:
5631:
5616:
5607:
5601:
5586:
5577:
5559:
5544:
5526:(2): 181–202.
5513:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5495:
5469:
5467:, p. 255.
5465:Karababas 2024
5457:
5432:
5414:
5389:
5364:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5291:
5264:
5242:
5217:
5187:
5183:Karababas 2024
5175:
5149:
5120:
5107:
5096:
5082:
5056:
5041:
5026:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4972:, p. 165.
4970:Karababas 2024
4962:
4936:
4930:978-0804755849
4929:
4909:
4884:
4863:
4850:
4826:
4798:
4775:
4766:
4760:Misha Glenny.
4753:
4741:
4716:
4707:
4690:
4688:Glenny, p. 183
4681:
4674:
4656:
4643:
4632:
4623:
4616:
4598:
4596:, 2011, p. 122
4585:
4576:
4569:
4537:
4529:Contra Apionem
4520:
4502:
4488:
4476:
4458:
4443:
4417:
4387:
4364:
4328:
4308:
4282:
4266:
4243:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4167:
4164:Judaism portal
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4103:
4096:
4094:
4088:, 1904 (photo
4083:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3926:
3923:
3837:
3834:
3683:Palaio Frourio
3660:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3544:
3435:
3432:
3428:Metaxas regime
3411:, settling in
3388:controlled by
3353:
3350:
3275:Constantinople
3161:
3160:Ottoman Empire
3158:
3147:Fourth Crusade
3142:
3139:
3055:Sefer Yosippon
3040:Constantinople
3016:
3013:
2993:Paul of Tarsus
2938:Paul of Tarsus
2929:
2926:
2915:. The Jews of
2870:
2867:
2855:Ottoman Greece
2754:
2751:
2714:
2711:
2667:Greek language
2653:Romaniote Jews
2651:Main article:
2648:
2645:
2625:
2622:
2527:Ottoman Greece
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2355:Territorialism
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Judaeo-Spanish
2236:
2234:Judaeo-Iranian
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
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1937:
1932:
1927:
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1680:United Kingdom
1676:
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1155:
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1135:
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1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Bilad-el-Sudan
1110:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1066:Land of Israel
1062:
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1060:
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1054:
1049:
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1024:
1023:
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989:
984:
979:
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959:
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944:
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924:Related groups
921:
920:
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913:
908:
903:
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830:
827:
826:
821:
820:
819:
818:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
781:Jewish atheism
778:
773:
768:
760:
759:
755:
754:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:Islamic–Jewish
727:
720:
705:
700:
692:
691:
684:
683:
682:
681:
657:
644:
616:
611:
604:
599:
597:Yehud Medinata
591:
590:
584:
583:
582:
581:
574:
567:
559:
546:
538:
526:
521:
514:
506:
505:
503:Ancient Israel
499:
498:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
459:Land of Israel
456:
448:
447:
441:
436:
435:
432:
431:
426:
425:
424:
423:
418:
414:Shulchan Aruch
409:
404:
399:
394:
386:
385:
384:
383:
378:
370:
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363:
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180:God in Judaism
176:
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167:
166:
165:
164:
159:
151:
150:
140:
139:
126:European Union
112:
111:
105:
104:
100:
99:
89:Judaeo-Spanish
77:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
42:
39:Romaniote Jews
35:Byzantine Jews
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6836:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6768:Faroe Islands
6766:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6740:South Ossetia
6738:
6736:
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6728:
6726:
6723:
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6714:
6706:
6703:
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6688:
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6666:
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6598:
6596:
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6591:
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6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6570:Liechtenstein
6568:
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6202:
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6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6159:
6158:Protestantism
6156:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6124:
6117:
6112:
6110:
6105:
6103:
6098:
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6071:
6068:
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6047:
6046:
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6036:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5993:Salamo Arouch
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5978:Roza Eskenazi
5976:
5974:
5973:Raphaël Salem
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5963:Gina Bachauer
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:Sabbatai Zevi
5951:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
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5908:
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5902:
5898:
5888:
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5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5826:
5825:The Holocaust
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5790:
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5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5746:
5738:
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5715:
5707:
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5697:
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5690:
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5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
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5658:
5655:
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5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5575:
5574:0-14-023377-6
5571:
5567:
5563:
5562:Glenny, Misha
5560:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5504:
5499:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5461:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5418:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5329:
5320:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5279:
5275:
5272:Efi Ezsrati.
5268:
5253:
5246:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5184:
5179:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5138:. 6 July 2015
5137:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5086:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5052:
5045:
5037:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5004:
4997:
4991:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4966:
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4946:
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4922:
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4913:
4898:
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4888:
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4878:
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4854:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4810:Molho, Rena.
4807:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4779:
4773:Glenny, p.508
4770:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4731:on 2015-09-27
4730:
4726:
4720:
4714:Glenny, p.236
4711:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4685:
4677:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4640:
4636:
4627:
4619:
4617:9780367600624
4613:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4594:Robert Bonfil
4589:
4580:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4486:Glenny, p.512
4483:
4481:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4455:
4454:
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4432:
4428:
4421:
4406:
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4258:
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4254:
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4231:
4225:
4221:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:Greece portal
4168:
4165:
4154:
4144:
4143:Syros, Greece
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4084:The rabbi of
4080:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4048:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3981:
3979:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:anti-fascists
3946:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3858:United States
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:Loukas Karrer
3738:
3733:
3731:
3730:Angelos Evert
3726:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3709:(Prologue by
3708:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:Jewish suburb
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
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3617:
3614:
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3600:
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3572:
3569:
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3558:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3540:United States
3537:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3525:Angelos Ebert
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3364:had to leave
3363:
3358:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:Judeo-Spanish
3335:
3331:
3330:anti-Semitism
3327:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3204:Rhodes (city)
3201:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3102:, he visited
3101:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:Romaniote Jew
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:New Testament
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
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2898:
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2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
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2832:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:According to
2782:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:Judeo-Spanish
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2598:anti-Semitism
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2558:Judeo-Spanish
2555:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2543:United States
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:Sephardi Jews
2500:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2449:
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2308:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Judeo-Aramaic
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Judeo-Italian
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Ghardaïa Sign
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:Denominations
1870:
1869:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:United States
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Guinea-Bissau
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Lists of Jews
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
928:
927:
923:
922:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
841:
840:
839:
834:
829:
828:
817:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:The Holocaust
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
762:
761:
757:
756:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
728:
726:
721:
717:
711:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
693:
689:
686:
685:
678:
672:
666:
661:
658:
654:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
592:
589:
586:
585:
580:
575:
573:
568:
564:
560:
557:
552:
547:
543:
539:
536:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:
504:
501:
500:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
450:
449:
445:
444:
439:
434:
433:
422:
419:
416:
415:
410:
408:
405:
403:
402:Mishneh Torah
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
389:
388:
387:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
372:
371:
368:
365:
364:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
349:
348:
345:
342:
341:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
317:
314:
313:
308:
303:
302:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
240:
238:
235:
233:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
200:
196:
193:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
163:
162:Who is a Jew?
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
149:
145:
142:
141:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
118:
110:
106:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
68:
63:
59:
54:
51:יהודים יוונים
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6745:Transnistria
6532:
6323:Cypriot Jews
6292:
6253:
6247:
6180:
6040:Antisemitism
5988:Albert Cohen
5983:Karolos Koun
5907:Greek citron
5882:Thessaloniki
5820:Ottoman Jews
5792:
5760:
5748:
5695:
5669:
5666:
5647:
5637:
5619:
5611:
5591:
5581:
5565:
5547:
5523:
5519:
5498:
5486:. Retrieved
5482:
5472:
5460:
5448:. Retrieved
5444:
5435:
5417:
5405:. Retrieved
5401:
5392:
5380:. Retrieved
5376:
5367:
5355:. Retrieved
5346:
5337:
5328:
5319:
5307:. Retrieved
5303:
5294:
5282:. Retrieved
5278:the original
5267:
5255:. Retrieved
5245:
5233:. Retrieved
5229:
5220:
5208:. Retrieved
5204:the original
5199:
5190:
5185:, p. 2.
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5162:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5135:
5115:
5110:
5099:
5085:
5073:. Retrieved
5068:
5059:
5044:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
5012:
5003:
4995:
4994:Primo Levi,
4990:
4982:
4977:
4965:
4953:. Retrieved
4948:
4939:
4919:
4912:
4900:. Retrieved
4896:
4887:
4853:
4821:
4793:
4778:
4769:
4761:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4733:. Retrieved
4729:the original
4719:
4710:
4702:
4693:
4684:
4665:
4659:
4651:
4646:
4635:
4626:
4607:
4601:
4588:
4579:
4554:
4528:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4434:. Retrieved
4430:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4404:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4367:
4355:. Retrieved
4348:the original
4343:
4331:
4322:
4303:
4262:Samuel Usque
4234:. Retrieved
4224:
4206:Greek Citron
4106:Moshe Pesach
3987:
3975:
3972:
3957:
3953:
3938:
3934:
3920:
3909:
3897:
3889:
3885:pro-European
3877:Thessaloniki
3870:
3854:Jaffa Harbor
3839:
3830:
3823:
3811:
3810:In his book
3809:
3798:
3776:Mount Pelion
3768:Moses Pesach
3762:The city of
3761:
3734:
3727:
3716:
3706:
3695:
3691:
3671:
3545:
3529:
3493:Thessaloniki
3490:
3482:Italian Army
3471:
3425:
3402:
3385:Thessaloniki
3382:
3375:
3326:Misha Glenny
3321:Great Powers
3314:
3303:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:Jewish taxes
3241:After their
3240:
3209:
3187:
3184:Thessaloniki
3166:Ottoman Jews
3150:
3144:
3141:Frankokratia
3120:
3116:Thessaloniki
3100:Adriatic Sea
3093:
3088:
3079:
3052:
3036:
2982:
2962:Roman Greece
2958:Roman Empire
2956:fell to the
2948:
2936:
2928:Roman Greece
2882:
2863:World War II
2859:Nazi Germany
2848:
2833:
2822:
2783:
2768:
2735:Thessaloniki
2716:
2656:
2638:
2627:
2614:Moses Elisaf
2611:
2602:KZ Auschwitz
2554:Thessaloniki
2547:
2496:
2479:
2477:
2418:Post-Zionism
2289:Judeo-Berber
2284:Judeo-Arabic
2244:Judeo-Gascon
1991:Pidyon haben
1910:Conservative
1598:
1456:Saudi Arabia
1274:South Africa
1263:Sierra Leone
1085:Israeli Jews
999:Mosaic Arabs
952:Kaifeng Jews
813:Arab–Israeli
786:Emancipation
665:Great Revolt
474:Anti-Judaism
469:Antisemitism
464:Name "Judea"
259:Baal teshuva
43:Ethnic group
26:
6783:Isle of Man
6718:recognition
6670:Switzerland
6605:Netherlands
5838:By location
5771:Communities
5672::1:193-204
5422:demotix.com
5332:EUMC, p. 13
5323:EUMC, p. 12
5136:www.jta.org
5069:www.jta.org
4893:"Cuomotini"
4654:, pp. 42–45
4236:11 December
4124: [
4121:Haïm Castel
3941:Golden Dawn
3474:Axis powers
3295:Marrano Jew
3288:Joseph Nasi
3236:Janissaries
3210:Greece was
3089:Lekach Tov,
3059:south Italy
2913:Hellenistic
2901:Babylonians
2825:Coele Syria
2535:Axis powers
2413:Revisionist
2403:Neo-Zionism
2010:Zeved habat
1803:Puerto Rico
1629:Netherlands
1461:South Korea
1446:Philippines
1326:Afghanistan
1193:Ivory Coast
967:Crypto-Jews
932:Bnei Anusim
911:Bene Israel
876:Beta Israel
833:Communities
740:Middle Ages
479:Persecution
254:Bereavement
47:Greek Jews
6808:Categories
6640:San Marino
6600:Montenegro
6580:Luxembourg
6560:Kazakhstan
6463:Azerbaijan
6344:Synagogues
6082:Synagogues
4764:. Page 512
4735:2021-02-21
4217:References
3976:Today the
3846:Tsur Moshe
3818:Primo Levi
3675:occupation
3438:See also:
3292:Portuguese
3270:Rav akçesi
3267:, and the
3019:See also:
2978:Hellenized
2922:messianism
2917:Alexandria
2836:synagogues
2818:Asia Minor
2647:Romaniotes
2499:Romaniotes
2488:Romaniotes
2398:Maximalism
2350:Secularism
2330:Autonomism
2147:Literature
1940:Humanistic
1544:Azerbaijan
1506:Uzbekistan
1481:Tajikistan
1401:Kyrgyzstan
1386:Kazakhstan
1233:Mozambique
1208:Madagascar
1128:Cape Verde
1080:New Yishuv
1075:Old Yishuv
1026:Population
1004:Subbotniks
962:Samaritans
901:Romanyotim
844:Ashkenazim
791:Old Yishuv
771:Sabbateans
758:Modern era
750:Golden Age
677:Bar Kokhba
397:Beit Yosef
264:Philosophy
29:See also:
18:Greek Jews
6773:Gibraltar
6575:Lithuania
6352:Ayia Napa
6318:Romaniote
6186:Hellenism
5887:Zakynthos
5540:148887813
4949:JPost.com
3905:Treblinka
3866:Australia
3753:Palestine
3737:Zakynthos
3687:Auschwitz
3536:Auschwitz
3342:Sephardic
3317:destroyed
3232:Sephardim
3009:synagogue
2950:Macedonia
2875:Hasmonean
2814:Aristotle
2802:Assarakos
2719:Sephardim
2681:, Corfu,
2631:Ashkenazi
2531:Holocaust
2408:Religious
2264:Zarphatic
2254:Bukharian
2224:Judeo-Tat
2209:Yeshivish
2183:Languages
2138:Sephardic
2128:Israelite
2118:Ethiopian
2108:Ashkenazi
2047:Religious
1837:Australia
1819:Venezuela
1725:Argentina
1707:Greenland
1619:Lithuania
1471:Sri Lanka
1466:Singapore
1391:Kurdistan
1356:Indonesia
1346:Hong Kong
1299:Abayudaya
1223:Mauritius
957:Igbo Jews
947:Krymchaks
866:Sephardim
734:relations
628:Sadducees
624:Pharisees
614:Sanhedrin
529:Jerusalem
289:Synagogue
157:Etymology
75:Languages
6793:Svalbard
6778:Guernsey
6725:Abkhazia
6700:Scotland
6655:Slovenia
6650:Slovakia
6625:Portugal
6483:Bulgaria
6360:Limassol
6201:Buddhism
6191:Hinduism
5872:Kastoria
5867:Ioannina
5657:Archived
5564:(1999).
5488:21 March
5425:Archived
5407:21 March
5357:21 March
5351:Archived
5168:21 March
5019:21 March
4955:21 March
4902:21 March
4877:Archived
4842:Archived
4815:Archived
4786:Archived
4551:(2006).
4513:(1882).
4469:Archived
4436:21 March
4410:21 March
4375:Archived
4296:Archived
4150:See also
4086:Kastoria
3719:Komotini
3652:363,987
3626:157,889
3612:126,000
3595:1882/84
3532:drachmas
3497:Ioannina
3486:Bulgaria
3466:Saloniki
3413:Tel Aviv
3390:Bulgaria
3366:Salonica
3228:Salonica
3152:Frankish
3085:Kastoria
2943:El Greco
2842:and the
2806:Josephus
2790:Ganymede
2727:Portugal
2671:Ioannina
2640:siddurim
2574:Ioannina
2507:Salonica
2486:are the
2435:Category
2393:Kahanism
2340:Feminism
2312:Politics
2196:Biblical
2166:American
2113:Bukharan
2103:American
2003:Shidduch
1979:Clothing
1935:Haymanot
1881:Orthodox
1809:Suriname
1792:Paraguay
1745:Colombia
1644:Portugal
1554:Bulgaria
1491:Thailand
1441:Pakistan
1421:Mongolia
1416:Malaysia
1336:Cambodia
1310:Zimbabwe
1285:Tanzania
1163:Eswatini
1153:Ethiopia
1143:Djibouti
1123:Cameroon
1118:Botswana
1047:Diaspora
1009:Noahides
982:Marranos
906:Cochinim
891:Bukharim
881:Gruzinim
871:Teimanim
861:Mizrahim
849:Galician
815:conflict
776:Hasidism
766:Haskalah
671:Diaspora
542:timeline
454:Timeline
367:Rabbinic
274:Kabbalah
249:Marriage
225:Tzedakah
215:Holidays
173:Religion
136:a series
134:Part of
103:Religion
6690:England
6680:Ukraine
6630:Romania
6590:Moldova
6548:Ireland
6543:Iceland
6538:Hungary
6528:Germany
6523:Georgia
6513:Finland
6508:Estonia
6503:Denmark
6488:Croatia
6473:Belgium
6468:Belarus
6458:Austria
6453:Armenia
6448:Andorra
6443:Albania
6363:Nicosia
6264:History
6196:Sikhism
6181:Judaism
6002:Museums
5900:Culture
5803:General
5794:History
5751:Judaism
5512:Sources
5483:Haaretz
5450:3 April
5382:3 April
5347:JTA.org
5235:3 April
5210:3 April
5163:Haaretz
5142:3 April
5104:(p. 59)
5075:3 April
4453:Sefunot
4357:3 April
4039:Larissa
3692:Evraiki
3679:Gestapo
3642:53,000
3629:61,439
3615:62,000
3601:48,000
3598:85,000
3587:50,000
3584:90,000
3573:36,000
3570:70,000
3513:Larissa
3346:Sabbath
3334:pogroms
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3112:Almyros
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2161:Yiddish
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